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Woodburn SC, Levitt CM, Koester AM, Kwan AC. Psilocybin Facilitates Fear Extinction: Importance of Dose, Context, and Serotonin Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:3034-3043. [PMID: 39087917 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A variety of classic psychedelics and MDMA have been shown to enhance fear extinction in rodent models. This has translational significance because a standard treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prolonged exposure therapy. However, few studies have investigated psilocybin's potential effect on fear learning paradigms. More specifically, the extents to which dose, timing of administration, and serotonin receptors may influence psilocybin's effect on fear extinction are not understood. In this study, we used a delay fear conditioning paradigm to determine the effects of psilocybin on fear extinction, extinction retention, and fear renewal in male and female mice. Psilocybin robustly enhances fear extinction when given acutely prior to testing for all doses tested. Psilocybin also exerts long-term effects to elevate extinction retention and suppress fear renewal in a novel context, although these changes were sensitive to dose. Analysis of sex differences showed that females may respond to a narrower range of doses than males. Administration of psilocybin prior to fear learning or immediately after extinction yielded no change in behavior, indicating that concurrent extinction experience is necessary for the drug's effects. Cotreatment with a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist blocked psilocybin's effects for extinction, extinction retention, and fear renewal, whereas 5-HT1A receptor antagonism attenuated only the effect on fear renewal. Collectively, these results highlight dose, context, and serotonin receptors as crucial factors in psilocybin's ability to facilitate fear extinction. The study provides preclinical evidence to support investigating psilocybin as a pharmacological adjunct for extinction-based therapy for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Woodburn
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Caleb M Levitt
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Allison M Koester
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alex C Kwan
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
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2
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Fan S, Zhong Y, Li J, Zhao Y, Ni S, Liu J, Wu Y. A case-control study of urinary concentrations of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and bisphenol S and the risk of papillary thyroid cancer. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137162. [PMID: 36347349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC), especially papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), has dramatically increased globally. Whereas some endocrine disruptors have been linked to neoplastic processes, the associations between human exposure to bisphenol analogs and the risk of TC remain unclear. This present case-control study examined the associations between the urinary concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) and other bisphenols, namely bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), and the risk of PTC. After adjusting for confounders and creatinine standardization, significantly positive associations were observed for BPF (odds ratio [OR] = 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27-2.54), but negative associations observed for BPA (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.19-0.77) and BPS (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43-0.93), in the total population. However, after stratification by age and smoking, statistical significance was retained only in non-smoking women, suggesting the adverse effects of BPF exposure on PTC risk, especially in women. These findings require replication and confirmation in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014); NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Jiahuai Zhang
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Sai Fan
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yuxin Zhong
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014); NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014); NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Song Ni
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hebei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Langfang 065001, China.
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yongning Wu
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014); NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China
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3
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Greenwood SN, Belz RG, Weiser BP. A Conserved Mechanism for Hormesis in Molecular Systems. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221109335. [PMID: 35936511 PMCID: PMC9350523 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221109335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hormesis refers to dose-response phenomena where low dose treatments elicit a
response that is opposite the response observed at higher doses. Hormetic
dose-response relationships have been observed throughout all of biology, but
the underlying determinants of many reported hormetic dose-responses have not
been identified. In this report, we describe a conserved mechanism for hormesis
on the molecular level where low dose treatments enhance a response that becomes
reduced at higher doses. The hormetic mechanism relies on the ability of protein
homo-multimers to simultaneously interact with a substrate and a competitor on
different subunits at low doses of competitor. In this case, hormesis can be
observed if simultaneous binding of substrate and competitor enhances a response
of the homo-multimer. We characterized this mechanism of hormesis in binding
experiments that analyzed the interaction of homotrimeric proliferating cell
nuclear antigen (PCNA) with uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG2) and a
fluorescein-labeled peptide. Additionally, the basic features of this molecular
mechanism appear to be conserved with at least two enzymes that are stimulated
by low doses of inhibitor: dimeric BRAF and octameric glutamine synthetase 2
(GS2). Identifying such molecular mechanisms of hormesis may help explain
specific hormetic responses of cells and organisms treated with exogenous
compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon N Greenwood
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Regina G Belz
- University of Hohenheim, Hans-Ruthenberg Institute, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Brian P Weiser
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
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4
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Nathan FM, Kibat C, Goel T, Stewart J, Claridge‐Chang A, Mathuru AS. Contingent stimulus delivery assay for zebrafish reveals a role for CCSER1 in alcohol preference. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13126. [PMID: 35229935 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders are complex, multifactorial phenomena with a large footprint within the global burden of diseases. Here, we report the development of an accessible, two-choice self-administration zebrafish assay (SAZA) to study the neurobiology of addiction. Using this assay, we first demonstrated that, although zebrafish avoid higher concentrations of alcohol, they are attracted to low concentrations. Pre-exposure to alcohol did not change this relative preference, but acute exposure to an alcohol deterrent approved for human use decreased alcohol self-administration. A pigment mutant used in whole-brain imaging studies displayed a similar relative alcohol preference profile; however, mutants in CCSER1, a gene associated with alcohol dependence in human genetic studies, showed a reversal in relative preference. The presence of a biphasic response (hormesis) in zebrafish validated a key aspect of vertebrate responses to alcohol. SAZA adds a new dimension for discovering novel alcohol deterrents and studying the neurogenetics of addiction using the zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Kibat
- Department of Physiology, YLL School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Tanisha Goel
- Department of Physiology, YLL School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - James Stewart
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Singapore Singapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
| | - Adam Claridge‐Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Singapore Singapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
| | - Ajay S. Mathuru
- Yale‐NUS College Singapore Singapore
- Department of Physiology, YLL School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Singapore Singapore
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5
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Zhou Y, Kong Q, Lin Z, Ma J, Zhang H. Transcriptome aberration associated with altered locomotor behavior of zebrafish (Danio rerio) caused by Waterborne Benzo[a]pyrene. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112928. [PMID: 34710819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) pollution is a global threat to aquatic organisms. The exposure to waterborne B[a]P can disrupt the normal locomotor behavior of zebrafish (Danio rerio), however, how it affect the locomotor behavior of adult zebrafish remains unclear. Herein, B[a]P at two concentrations (0.8 μg/L and 2.0 μg/L) were selected to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the affected locomotor behavior of zebrafish by B[a]P based on transcriptome profiling. Adverse effects of B[a]P exposure affecting locomotor behavior in zebrafish were studied by RNA sequencing, and the locomotion phenotype was acquired. The gene enrichment results showed that the differentially highly expressed genes (atp2a1, cdh2, aurka, fxyd1, clstn1, apoc1, mt-co1, tnnt3b, and fads2) of zebrafish are mainly enriched in adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes (dre04261) and locomotory behavior (GO:0007626). The movement trajectory plots showed an increase in the locomotor distance and velocity of zebrafish in the 0.8 μg/L group and the opposite in the 2.0 μg/L group. The results showed that B[a]P affects the variety of genes in zebrafish, including motor nerves, muscles, and energy supply, and ultimately leads to altered locomotor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Zhou
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Qiang Kong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Zhihao Lin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Jinyue Ma
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250000, China.
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6
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Koagouw W, Stewart NA, Ciocan C. Long-term exposure of marine mussels to paracetamol: is time a healer or a killer? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:48823-48836. [PMID: 33928507 PMCID: PMC8084691 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals pose a major threat to the marine environment, and several studies have recently described their negative effects on marine organisms. Pharmaceutical compounds are constantly being released into aquatic ecosystems, and chronic exposure, even at low concentrations, may have a major impact on marine organisms. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the biological changes induced by one of the most widely used pharmaceuticals-paracetamol-in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, after a long-term exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations. We present our data alongside and in comparison with results from a previous short-term exposure, to demonstrate the significance of exposure period on the effects of paracetamol in adult blue mussels. After 24 days of laboratory exposure, seven potential target genes were selected to examine toxicological effects in mussels' gonads and possible disruptive effects on reproductive processes. The results show the modulation of some important reproduction-related genes: estrogen receptor-2 (ER2), vitelline envelope zona pellucida domain-9 (V9), and vitellogenin (VTG). Variations in mRNA expression of four other genes involved in apoptosis (HSP70, CASP8, BCL2, and FAS) are also highlighted. Histopathological alterations caused by paracetamol, together with neutral red retention time response in mussels' hemocytes, are presented herein. Overall, this study highlights the exacerbated effects of low concentration of paracetamol after chronic exposure, similar to the damage induced by higher concentrations in a short exposure scenario, thus emphasizing the importance of length of exposure period when studying the effects of this substance. Additionally, this study also discusses the potential of paracetamol to inflict several major changes in the reproductive system of mussels and thus possibly affect the survival of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulan Koagouw
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
- Centre for Aquatic Environments, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nicolas A. Stewart
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
| | - Corina Ciocan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
- Centre for Aquatic Environments, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
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7
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Knackstedt LA, Wu L, Rothstein J, Vidensky S, Gordon J, Ramanjulu M, Dunman P, Blass B, Childers W, Abou-Gharbia M. MC-100093, a Novel β-Lactam Glutamate Transporter-1 Enhancer Devoid of Antimicrobial Properties, Attenuates Cocaine Relapse in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 378:51-59. [PMID: 33986035 PMCID: PMC8407531 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder currently lacks Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments. In rodents, the glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) is downregulated in the nucleus accumbens after cocaine self-administration, and increasing the expression and function of GLT-1 reduces the reinstatement of cocaine seeking. The β-lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone upregulates GLT-1 and attenuates cue- and cocaine-induced cocaine seeking without affecting motivation for natural rewards. Although ceftriaxone shows promise for treating cocaine use disorder, it possesses characteristics that limit successful translation from bench to bedside, including poor brain penetration, a lack of oral bioavailability, and a risk of bacterial resistance when used chronically. Thus, we aimed to develop novel molecules that retained the GLT-1-enhancing effects of ceftriaxone but displayed superior drug-like properties. Here, we describe a new monocyclic β-lactam, MC-100093, as a potent upregulator of GLT-1 that is orally bioavailable and devoid of antimicrobial properties. MC-100093 was synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo to determine physiochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties. Next, adult male rats underwent cocaine self-administration and extinction training. During extinction training, rats received one of four doses of MC-100093 for 6-8 days prior to a single cue-primed reinstatement test. Separate cohorts of rats were used to assess nucleus accumbens GLT-1 expression and MC-100093 effects on sucrose self-administration. We found that 50 mg/kg MC-100093 attenuated cue-primed reinstatement of cocaine seeking while upregulating GLT-1 expression in the nucleus accumbens core. This dose did not produce sedation, nor did it decrease sucrose consumption or body weight. Thus, MC-100093 represents a potential treatment to reduce cocaine relapse. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Increasing GLT-1 activity reliably reduces drug-seeking across classes of drugs; however, existing GLT1-enhancers have side effects and lack oral bioavailability. To address this issue, novel GLT-1 enhancers were synthesized, and the compound with the most favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, MC-100093, was selected for further testing. MC-100093 attenuated cued cocaine seeking without reducing food seeking or locomotion and upregulated GLT-1 expression in the nucleus accumbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Knackstedt
- Psychology Department (L.A.K., L.W.) and Center for Addiction Research (L.A.K.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G, M.R., B.B., W.C., M.A.-G.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (J.R., S.V.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York (P.D.)
| | - Lizhen Wu
- Psychology Department (L.A.K., L.W.) and Center for Addiction Research (L.A.K.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G, M.R., B.B., W.C., M.A.-G.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (J.R., S.V.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York (P.D.)
| | - Jeffrey Rothstein
- Psychology Department (L.A.K., L.W.) and Center for Addiction Research (L.A.K.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G, M.R., B.B., W.C., M.A.-G.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (J.R., S.V.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York (P.D.)
| | - Svetlana Vidensky
- Psychology Department (L.A.K., L.W.) and Center for Addiction Research (L.A.K.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G, M.R., B.B., W.C., M.A.-G.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (J.R., S.V.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York (P.D.)
| | - John Gordon
- Psychology Department (L.A.K., L.W.) and Center for Addiction Research (L.A.K.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G, M.R., B.B., W.C., M.A.-G.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (J.R., S.V.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York (P.D.)
| | - Mercy Ramanjulu
- Psychology Department (L.A.K., L.W.) and Center for Addiction Research (L.A.K.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G, M.R., B.B., W.C., M.A.-G.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (J.R., S.V.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York (P.D.)
| | - Paul Dunman
- Psychology Department (L.A.K., L.W.) and Center for Addiction Research (L.A.K.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G, M.R., B.B., W.C., M.A.-G.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (J.R., S.V.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York (P.D.)
| | - Benjamin Blass
- Psychology Department (L.A.K., L.W.) and Center for Addiction Research (L.A.K.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G, M.R., B.B., W.C., M.A.-G.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (J.R., S.V.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York (P.D.)
| | - Wayne Childers
- Psychology Department (L.A.K., L.W.) and Center for Addiction Research (L.A.K.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G, M.R., B.B., W.C., M.A.-G.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (J.R., S.V.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York (P.D.)
| | - Magid Abou-Gharbia
- Psychology Department (L.A.K., L.W.) and Center for Addiction Research (L.A.K.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G, M.R., B.B., W.C., M.A.-G.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (J.R., S.V.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York (P.D.)
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8
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Nazarian A, Negus SS, Martin TJ. Factors mediating pain-related risk for opioid use disorder. Neuropharmacology 2021; 186:108476. [PMID: 33524407 PMCID: PMC7954943 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a complex experience with far-reaching organismal influences ranging from biological factors to those that are psychological and social. Such influences can serve as pain-related risk factors that represent susceptibilities to opioid use disorder. This review evaluates various pain-related risk factors to form a consensus on those that facilitate opioid abuse. Epidemiological findings represent a high degree of co-occurrence between chronic pain and opioid use disorder that is, in part, driven by an increase in the availability of opioid analgesics and the diversion of their use in a non-medical context. Brain imaging studies in individuals with chronic pain that use/abuse opioids suggest abuse-related mechanisms that are rooted within mesocorticolimbic processing. Preclinical studies suggest that pain states have a limited impact on increasing the rewarding effects of opioids. Indeed, many findings indicate a reduction in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of opioids during pain states. An increase in opioid use may be facilitated by an increase in the availability of opioids and a decrease in access to non-opioid reinforcers that require mobility or social interaction. Moreover, chronic pain and substance abuse conditions are known to impair cognitive function, resulting in deficits in attention and decision making that may promote opioid abuse. A better understanding of pain-related risk factors can improve our knowledge in the development of OUD in persons with pain conditions and can help identify appropriate treatment strategies. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse.'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbi Nazarian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
| | - S Stevens Negus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Thomas J Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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9
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Cox DJ. Descriptive and normative ethical behavior appear to be functionally distinct. J Appl Behav Anal 2020; 54:168-191. [DOI: 10.1002/jaba.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Cox
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine USA
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10
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Pickens CL, Cook A, Gaeddert B. Dose-dependent effects of alcohol injections on omission-contingency learning have an inverted-U pattern. Behav Brain Res 2020; 392:112736. [PMID: 32497681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous examinations of the long-term effects of alcohol exposure on omission-contingency learning have produced mixed results across different age or sex groups, with evidence for faster learning or no effect. However, none of these experiments made comparisons using the same exposure-dose across the age/sex groups. Here, we exposed rats to 6 weeks of alcohol injections (3 days/week, 1.75 or 3.5 g/kg/24-h, i.p. broken up into 2 injections/day) in adolescent/early adult males or females (PND27-66) or adult males (PND62-101). We then tested the rats in autoshaping and omission-contingency tasks. In contrast to our hypotheses, the low 1.75-g/kg/24-h dose led to slower omission learning and the higher 3.5-g/kg/24-h dose had no effect. There were no age- or sex-differences in omission learning. Additionally, during autoshaping training, rats exposed in adolescence/early adulthood had a faster shift to sign-tracking in their sign-tracking/goal-tracking ratios than rats exposed in adulthood, with no consistent effect of alcohol exposure or sex-differences. Our results suggest complex effects of alcohol on the neural substrates of omission-contingency learning at different doses, which will require future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Pickens
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Anna Cook
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Brooke Gaeddert
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
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11
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Calabrese EJ, Mattson MP, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Calabrese V, Giordano J. Hormesis: A potential strategic approach to the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 155:271-301. [PMID: 32854857 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review describes neuroprotective effects mediated by pre- and post-conditioning-induced processes that act via the quantitative features of the hormetic dose response. These lead to the development of acquired resilience that can protect neuronal systems from endogenous and exogenous stresses and insult. Particular attention is directed to issues of dose optimization, inter-individual variation, and potential ways to further study and employ hormetic-based preconditioning approaches in medical and public health efforts to treat and prevent neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Human Research Protection Office, Research Compliance, University of Massachusetts, Hadley, MA, United States
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center Hartford, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical & Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology & Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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12
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Dinoff A, Lynch ST, Sekhri N, Klepacz L. A meta-analysis of the potential antidepressant effects of buprenorphine versus placebo as an adjunctive pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant depression. J Affect Disord 2020; 271:91-99. [PMID: 32479336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous reports have suggested that buprenorphine may have antidepressant effects. Many individuals with depressive disorders don't respond to first-line treatment and are classified with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Novel therapies for depression are required to better treat this population. This meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials sought to evaluate the potential antidepressant effects of buprenorphine as an adjunctive pharmacological treatment for individuals with TRD. METHODS PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched until June 2019 for original peer-reviewed reports of buprenorphine used for the treatment of depression. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were generated from random effects models. Risk of publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored in subgroup analyses. RESULTS In six studies that met inclusion criteria, depression symptom severity in individuals with TRD was not significantly decreased after an adjunctive intervention with buprenorphine when compared to placebo (SMD = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.21-0.06, p = 0.30). Five of the six studies utilized a combination of buprenorphine/samidorphan. In these studies, depression symptom severity was also not significantly reduced after intervention compared to placebo (SMD = -0.08, 95% CI: -0.21 - 0.05, p = 0.23). LIMITATIONS Five included studies were performed by the same research group with significant conflicts of interest. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis did not reveal a significant reduction in depression symptom severity in individuals with TRD after an adjunctive intervention with buprenorphine when compared to placebo. However, more optimal doses of buprenorphine (2 mg/day) and longer treatment lengths should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dinoff
- New York Medical College School of Medicine, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, NY, 10595 USA.
| | - Sean T Lynch
- New York Medical College School of Medicine, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, NY, 10595 USA
| | - Nitin Sekhri
- New York Medical College School of Medicine, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, NY, 10595 USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Lidia Klepacz
- New York Medical College School of Medicine, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, NY, 10595 USA; Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
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13
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Penrod RD, Thomsen M, Taniguchi M, Guo Y, Cowan CW, Smith LN. The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein, Arc/Arg3.1, influences mouse cocaine self-administration. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 188:172818. [PMID: 31682894 PMCID: PMC7202920 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc, also known as Arg3.1), an immediate early gene and synaptic regulator, is upregulated following a single cocaine exposure. However, there is not much known regarding Arc/Arg3.1's potential contribution to addiction-relevant behaviors. Despite known learning and memory deficits in contextual fear and water-maze reversal learning tasks, we find that mice lacking Arc/Arg3.1 perform conditioned place preference and operant conditioning involving positive reinforcers (food and cocaine) with little-to-no impairment. However, following normal saline-extinction, wild type (WT) mice show a classic inverted-U dose-response function, while Arc/Arg3.1 knockout (KO) mice fail to adjust their intake across multiple doses. Importantly, Arc/Arg3.1 KO and WT mice behave comparably on an increasing cost task (FR1-FR3; acquisition dose), providing evidence that both groups find cocaine reinforcing. Differences in individuals that drive variations in use patterns and particularly, drug intake levels, are critical as they influence the likelihood of developing dependence. Our data suggest that Arc/Arg3.1 may contribute to addiction as a regulator of drug-taking vulnerability under different drug availability conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Penrod
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, United States of America
| | - Morgane Thomsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, United States of America
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, United States of America
| | - Yuhong Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, United States of America
| | - Christopher W Cowan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, United States of America
| | - Laura N Smith
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, United States of America.
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14
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Li Y, Glotfelty EJ, Namdar I, Tweedie D, Olson L, Hoffer BJ, DiMarchi RD, Pick CG, Greig NH. Neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of a monomeric GLP-1/GIP/Gcg receptor triagonist in cellular and rodent models of mild traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2019; 324:113113. [PMID: 31730763 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic monomeric peptide triple receptor agonist, termed "Triagonist" that incorporates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon (Gcg) actions, was previously developed to improve upon metabolic and glucose regulatory benefits of single and dual receptor agonists in rodent models of diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes. In the current study, the neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions of this Triagonist were probed in cellular and mouse models of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), a prevalent cause of neurodegeneration in both the young and elderly. Triagonist dose- and time-dependently elevated cyclic AMP levels in cultured human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, and induced neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions, mitigating oxidative stress and glutamate excitotoxicity. These actions were inhibited only by the co-administration of antagonists for all three receptor types, indicating the balanced co-involvement of GLP-1, GIP and Gcg receptors. To evaluate physiological relevance, a clinically translatable dose of Triagonist was administered subcutaneously, once daily for 7 days, to mice following a 30 g weight drop close head injury. Triagonist fully mitigated mTBI-induced visual and spatial memory deficits, evaluated at 7 and 30 days post injury. These results establish Triagonist as a novel neurotrophic/protective agent worthy of further evaluation as a TBI treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Li
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Elliot J Glotfelty
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inbar Namdar
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - David Tweedie
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Chagi G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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15
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Attenuation of glutamatergic and nitrergic system contributes to the antidepressant-like effect induced by capsazepine in the forced swimming test. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 30:59-66. [PMID: 30299277 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) can modulate stress-related behaviours, thus representing an interesting target for new antidepressant drugs. TRPV1 can trigger glutamate release and nitric oxide synthesis in the brain, mechanisms also involved in the neurobiology of depression. However, it is not known if these mechanisms are involved in TRPV1-induced behavioural effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify if the antidepressant-like effect induced by a TRPV1 antagonist in mice submitted to the forced swimming test (FST) would be facilitated by combined treatment with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibition and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) blockade. Male Swiss mice were given (intracerebroventricular) injections of capsazepine (CPZ) (TRPV1 antagonist - 0.05/0.1/0.3/0.6 nmol/µl), and AP7 (NMDA antagonist - 1/3/10 nmol/µl) or N-propyl-L-arginine (NPA, nNOS inhibitor - 0.001/0.01/0.1 nmol/µl), and 10 min later, submitted to an open field test, and immediately afterwards, to the FST. An additional group received coadministration of CPZ and AP7 or CPZ and NPA, in subeffective doses. The results demonstrated that CPZ (0.1 nmol/µl), AP7 (3 nmol/µl) and NPA (0.01/0.1 nmol/µl) induced antidepressant-like effects. Moreover, coadministration of subeffective doses of CPZ and AP7 or CPZ and NPA induced significant antidepressant-like effects. Altogether, the data indicate that blockade of TRPV1 receptors by CPZ induces antidepressant-like effects and that both nNOS inhibition and NMDA blockade facilitate CPZ effects in the FST.
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16
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Li X, Kong H, Ji X, Gao Y, Jin M. Zebrafish behavioral phenomics applied for phenotyping aquatic neurotoxicity induced by lead contaminants of environmentally relevant level. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:445-454. [PMID: 30831495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental lead (Pb) exposure is a worldwide threat due to the ubiquitous contamination. Although the adverse effects of Pb on human health have previously been extensively explored, the eco-toxicological effects on aquatic vertebrates still need further investigation. In addition, there is a paucity in the knowledge of behavioral and physiological effects of Pb within the range of environmental relevant concentration (under 100 μg/L) on aquatic organisms such as zebrafish. Herein, we demonstrated that adult male zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to Pb at environmental concentration level (1 μg/L, 10 μg/L and 100 μg/L) for 14 days, exhibited obvious neuro-behavioral alteration including disturbed light dark preference, impaired exploratory behaviors and inhibited spatial working memory. The alteration of entire behavioral profiles was further associated with the disturbed expression patterns of mRNA level of key genes involved in neurodevelopment (gap43, syn2a, th, dat, and drd1b), neurotoxic effects (c-fos and gfap), and stress responses (tap, mt1, hsp70, and hsp90). To determine the comprehensively effect of aquatic contaminants on the entire behavioral profiles, behavioral phenomic data were obtained by hierarchical clustering analysis. Overall, we employed behavioral phenomics methods to find that Pb within standard chronic Pb toxic criteria, significantly altered behavioral phenotype and brain physiology, which would exert profound ecological consequences and offer the reference for adjustment of aquatic toxic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, NO. 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Haotian Kong
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiuna Ji
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yan Gao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China.
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17
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Jin J, Kurobe T, Ramírez-Duarte WF, Bolotaolo MB, Lam CH, Pandey PK, Hung TC, Stillway ME, Zweig L, Caudill J, Lin L, Teh SJ. Sub-lethal effects of herbicides penoxsulam, imazamox, fluridone and glyphosate on Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 197:79-88. [PMID: 29448126 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Concerns regarding non-target toxicity of new herbicides used to control invasive aquatic weeds in the San Francisco Estuary led us to compare sub-lethal toxicity of four herbicides (penoxsulam, imazamox, fluridone, and glyphosate) on an endangered fish species Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus). We measured 17β-estradiol (E2) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations in liver, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain of female and male fish after 6 h of exposure to each of the four herbicides. Our results indicate that fluridone and glyphosate disrupted the E2 concentration and decreased glutathione concentration in liver, whereas penoxsulam, imazamox, and fluridone inhibited brain AChE activity. E2 concentrations were significantly increased in female and male fish exposed to 0.21 μM of fluridone and in male fish exposed to 0.46, 4.2, and 5300 μM of glyphosate. GSH concentrations decreased in males exposed to fluridone at 2.8 μM and higher, and glyphosate at 4.2 μM. AChE activity was significantly inhibited in both sexes exposed to penoxsulam, imazamox, and fluridone, and more pronounced inhibition was observed in females. The present study demonstrates the potential detrimental effects of these commonly used herbicides on Delta Smelt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Jin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Aquatic Health Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Tomofumi Kurobe
- Aquatic Health Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Wilson F Ramírez-Duarte
- Aquatic Health Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Melissa B Bolotaolo
- Aquatic Health Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Chelsea H Lam
- Aquatic Health Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Pramod K Pandey
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Tien-Chieh Hung
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Marie E Stillway
- Aquatic Health Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Leanna Zweig
- The United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
| | - Jeffrey Caudill
- The California Department of Parks and Recreation, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Swee J Teh
- Aquatic Health Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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18
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Cuomo D, Porreca I, Cobellis G, Tarallo R, Nassa G, Falco G, Nardone A, Rizzo F, Mallardo M, Ambrosino C. Carcinogenic risk and Bisphenol A exposure: A focus on molecular aspects in endoderm derived glands. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 457:20-34. [PMID: 28111205 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence associates the exposure to Bisphenol A with the increase of cancer risk in several organs, including prostate. BPA targets different pathways involved in carcinogenicity including the Nuclear Receptors (i.e. estrogen and androgen receptors), stress regulated proteins and, finally, epigenetic changes. Here, we analyse BPA-dependent carcinogenesis in endoderm-derived glands, thyroid, liver, pancreas and prostate focusing on cell signalling, DNA damage repair pathways and epigenetic modifications. Mainly, we gather molecular data evidencing harmful effects at doses relevant for human risk (low-doses). Since few molecular data are available, above all for the pancreas, we analysed transcriptomic data generated in our laboratory to suggest possible mechanisms of BPA carcinogenicity in endoderm-derived glands, discussing the role of nuclear receptors and stress/NF-kB pathways. We evidence that an in vitro toxicogenomic approach might suggest mechanisms of toxicity applicable to cells having the same developmental origin. Although we cannot draw firm conclusions, published data summarized in this review suggest that exposure to BPA, primarily during the developmental stages, represents a risk for carcinogenesis of endoderm-derived glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Cuomo
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy; Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Gilda Cobellis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sez. Bozzatti, II University of Naples, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Geppino Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Nardone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
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19
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Xia X, Xue S, Wang X, Zhang Q, Huang C, Guo L, Yao L. Response a chronic effects of PBDE-47: Up-regulations of HSP60 and HSP70 expression in freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 65:213-225. [PMID: 28433717 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play an important role in adaption of environmental stress by protein folding, membrane translocation, degradation of misfolded proteins and other regulatory processes. Our previous study showed oxidative stress generated from polybrominated diphenyl ether-47 (PBDE-47) could cause an acute toxicity on freshwater bivalve Anodonta Woodiana, but the effect of chronic toxicity need to be elucidated. In order to further investigate the chronic effect of PBDE-47, clams A. Woodiana were randomly divided into the PBDE-47 treated group administrated with PBDE-47 at a concentration 3.36 μg/L and control group treated with a similar volume dimethyl sulfoxide. Two complete HSP sequences were isolated from A. Woodianaa and respectively named AwHSP60 and AwHSP70. They were widely distributed in foot, gill, hepatopancreas, adductor muscle, heart, hemocytes and mantle. Administration of PBDE-47 could result in a significant up-regulation of AwHSP60 and AwHSP70 expressions in the hepatopancreas, gill and hemocytes. In the hepatopancreas, compared with that of control group, mRNA level of AwHSP60 increased more than 89.9% (P < 0.05) from day 1-15, AwHSP70 increased more 2.79 times (P < 0.01). In the gill, during experiment observed, expression of AwHSP60 increased more 2.09 times (P < 0.01) in contrasted with that of control group. Significant up-regulation of AwHSP70 expression showed a reversed U shape. In the hemocytes, AwHSP60 and AwHSP70 expressions of PBDE-47 treated group respectively increased more 2.09 times (P < 0.05) and 1.81 times (P < 0.05) compared with that of control group. These results indicated that up-regulations of AwHSP60 and AwHSP70 expression are contribute to enhancing adaption of bivalve A. Woodiana exposed to PBDE-47 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Xia
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, 467000, Henan Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Basic Medicine, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, 473061, Henan Province, China.
| | - Shipeng Xue
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, 473061, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiying Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, 473061, Henan Province, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, 473061, Henan Province, China
| | - Chuanfeng Huang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, 473061, Henan Province, China
| | - Lianghong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, 473061, Henan Province, China
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20
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Participation of hippocampal nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase in the modulation of behavioral responses elicited by the rat forced swimming test. Behav Pharmacol 2017; 28:19-29. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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Porreca I, Ulloa-Severino L, Almeida P, Cuomo D, Nardone A, Falco G, Mallardo M, Ambrosino C. Molecular targets of developmental exposure to bisphenol A in diabesity: a focus on endoderm-derived organs. Obes Rev 2017; 18:99-108. [PMID: 27776381 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several studies associate foetal human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) to metabolic/endocrine diseases, mainly diabesity. They describe the role of BPA in the disruption of pancreatic beta cell, adipocyte and hepatocyte functions. Indeed, the complexity of the diabesity phenotype is due to the involvement of different endoderm-derived organs, all targets of BPA. Here, we analyse this point delineating a picture of different mechanisms of BPA toxicity in endoderm-derived organs leading to diabesity. Moving from epidemiological data, we summarize the in vivo experimental data of the BPA effects on endoderm-derived organs (thyroid, pancreas, liver, gut, prostate and lung) after prenatal exposure. Mainly, we gather molecular data evidencing harmful effects at low-dose exposure, pointing to the risk to human health. Although the fragmentation of molecular data does not allow a clear conclusion to be drawn, the present work indicates that the developmental exposure to BPA represents a risk for endoderm-derived organs development as it deregulates the gene expression from the earliest developmental stages. A more systematic analysis of BPA impact on the transcriptomes of endoderm-derived organs is still missing. Here, we suggest in vitro toxicogenomics approaches as a tool for the identification of common mechanisms of BPA toxicity leading to the diabesity in organs having the same developmental origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Ulloa-Severino
- IRGS, Biogem, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,PhD School in Nanotechnology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Almeida
- STAB VIDA-Investigação e Serviços em Ciências Biológicas, Madan Parque, Caparica, Portugal
| | - D Cuomo
- IRGS, Biogem, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - A Nardone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - G Falco
- IRGS, Biogem, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - M Mallardo
- Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - C Ambrosino
- IRGS, Biogem, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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22
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Xia X, Huang C, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Xue S, Wang X, Zhang Q, Guo L. Molecular cloning, characterization, and the response of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and catalase to PBDE-47 and -209 from the freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 51:200-210. [PMID: 26915310 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers-47 (PBDE-47) and -209 are significant components of total PBDEs in water and can catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the organisms. Anti-oxidant enzymes play an important role in scavenging the high level of ROS. In the current study, two full-length cDNAs of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSODs) and catalase (CAT) were isolated from freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana by rapid amplification of cDNA ends approach and respectively named as AwSOD and AwCAT. The nucleotide sequence of AwSOD cDNA had an open reading frame (ORF) of 465 bp encoding a polypeptide of 155 amino acids in which signature 1 GKHGFHVHEFGDNT and signature 2 GNAGARSACGVI of SODs were observed. Deduced amino acid sequence of AwSOD showed a significant similarity with that of CuZnSODs. AwCAT had an ORF 1536 bp encoding a polypeptide of 512 amino acids which contains a conserved catalytic site motif, and a proximal heme-ligand signature motif of CATs. The time-course expressions of AwSOD and AwCAT in hepatopancreas were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Expressions of AwSOD and AwCAT showed a significant up-regulation in groups at a low concentration treatment of PBDE-47, a biphasic pattern in groups with a high concentration treatment. Administration of PBDE-209 could result in an up-regulation of AwSOD and AwCAT expressions with time- and dose-dependent matter. These results indicate that up-regulations of AwSOD and AwCAT expression of hepatopancreas of freshwater bivalve A. woodiana contribute to eliminate oxidative stress derived from PBDE-47 and -209 treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Xia
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Chuanfeng Huang
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China
| | - Dongxian Zhang
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan Traditional Medicine University, Zhengzhou 45002, Henan Province, China
| | - Shipeng Xue
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiying Wang
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China
| | - Lianghong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Li M, Cao J, Chen J, Song J, Zhou B, Feng C, Wang J. Waterborne fluoride exposure changed the structure and the expressions of steroidogenic-related genes in gonads of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 145:365-375. [PMID: 26692514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fluoride in natural water ecosystem has been demonstrated to have adverse effects on reproductive system in humans and mammals, while the most vulnerable aquatic organisms were ignored. In this study, the effects of waterborne fluoride on growth performance, sex steroid hormone, histological structure, and the transcriptional profiles of sex steroid related genes were examined in both female and male zebrafish exposed to different concentrations of 0.79, 18.60, 36.83 mg L(-1) of fluoride for 30 and 60 d to investigate the effects of fluoride on reproductive system and the underlying toxic mechanisms caused by fluoride. The results showed that the body weight was remarkably decreased, the structure of ovary and testis were serious injured, and the T and E2 levels were significantly reduced in male zebrafish. The transcriptional profiles of steroidogenic related genes displayed phenomenal alterations, the expressions of pgr and cyp19a1a were significantly up-regulated, while the transcriptional levels of er, ar and hsd3β were decreased both in the ovary and testis, and hsd17β8 were down-regulated just in males. Taken together, these results demonstrated that fluoride could significantly inhibit the growth of zebrafish, and notably affect the reproductive system in both sex zebrafish by impairing the structure of ovary and testis, altering steroid hormone levels and steroidogenic genes expression related to the synthesis of sex hormones in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- MeiYan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Bingrui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Cuiping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
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Lee Y, Gao Q, Kim E, Lee Y, Park SJ, Lee HE, Jang DS, Ryu JH. Pretreatment with 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde blocks scopolamine-induced learning deficit in contextual and spatial memory in male mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 134:57-64. [PMID: 25922228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) is a compound derived from the dehydration of certain sugars. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 5-HMF on the cognitive impairment induced by scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist. To measure various cognitive functions, we conducted the step-through passive avoidance task, the Y-maze task and the Morris water maze task. A single administration of 5-HMF (5 or 10mg/kg, p.o.) significantly attenuates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in these behavioral tasks without changes in locomotor activity, and the effect of 5-HMF on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment was significantly reversed by a sub-effective dose of MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist. In addition, a single administration of 5-HMF (10mg/kg, p.o.) enhanced the cognitive performance of normal naïve mice in the passive avoidance task. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed that the levels of phosphorylated Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-α (CaMKII) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) were significantly enhanced by the single administration of 5-HMF in the hippocampal tissues. Taken together, the present study suggests that 5-HMF may block scopolamine-induced learning deficit and enhance cognitive function via the activation of NMDA receptor signaling, including CaMKII and ERK, and would be an effective candidate against cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghwan Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Qingtao Gao
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Y, Gao J, Xu P, Yuan C, Qin F, Liu S, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Wang Z. Low-dose bisphenol A disrupts gonad development and steroidogenic genes expression in adult female rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 112:435-42. [PMID: 25048937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic monomer, has attracted many researchers to study its adverse effects in animal reproduction, especially in fish. To explore the effects of low dose BPA on adult female rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus, we exposed the fish to BPA at nominal concentrations of 5, 15, and 50 μg L(-1) for 14 and 35 d. The 35-d BPA exposure at 50 μg L(-1) had obviously suppressive effects on oocyte development, and BPA at all the three concentrations in both exposure durations of 14 and 35 d had stimulative effects on hepatic vitellogenin (vtg) transcription. BPA at lower concentrations (5 and 15 μg L(-1)) exhibited stimulative effects on the expressions of ovarian steroidogenic genes while at higher concentration (50 μg L(-1)) displayed inhibitive effects. Analysis of ovarian steroidogenic genes 5'-flanking regions and mRNA expressions of their potential regulatory factors revealed that the BPA-mediated actions on steroidogenesis in G. rarus ovary probably involve estrogen receptor (Esr) and androgen receptor (Ar) signaling, nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, number 1 (Nr5a1) pathway, and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiancao Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peng Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cong Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fang Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shaozhen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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26
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Zhang Y, Yuan C, Qin F, Hu G, Wang Z. Molecular characterization of gdf9 and bmp15 genes in rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus and their expression upon bisphenol A exposure in adult females. Gene 2014; 546:214-21. [PMID: 24914497 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 9 (Gdf9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (Bmp15) are members of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily that plays important roles in regulating ovarian functions. We cloned the cDNAs of gdf9 and bmp15 in rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus. The full length cDNAs of gdf9 and bmp15 were 1999 and 1721 bp, encoding 431 and 384 amino acids respectively. They both contained conserved TGFβ superfamily domain, with six conserved cysteine residues. Tissue distribution showed that both gdf9 and bmp15 are highly expressed in the G. rarus ovary. Following bisphenol A (BPA) treatment, ovarian transcripts of gdf9 and bmp15 together with the gonadosomatic index and the ovarian histology were altered. It suggests that the altered gdf9 and bmp15 expression may play roles in the weight gain and abnormal development of the ovary following BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cong Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fang Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guojun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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27
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Noradrenergic neurotransmission within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis modulates the retention of immobility in the rat forced swimming test. Behav Pharmacol 2013; 24:214-21. [PMID: 23625378 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e3283618ae4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a limbic structure that has a direct influence on the autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses to stress. It was recently reported that reversible inactivation of synaptic transmission within this structure causes antidepressant-like effects, indicating that activation of the BNST during stressful situations would facilitate the development of behavioral changes related to the neurobiology of depression. Moreover, noradrenergic neurotransmission is abundant in the BNST and has an important role in the regulation of emotional processes related to the stress response. Thus, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that activation of adrenoceptors within the BNST facilitates the development of behavioral consequences of stress. To investigate this hypothesis, male Wistar rats were stressed (forced swimming, 15 min) and 24 h later received intra-BNST injections of vehicle, WB4101, RX821002, CGP20712, or ICI118,551, which are selective α(1), α(2), β(1), and β(2) adrenoceptor antagonists, respectively, 10 min before a 5-min forced swimming test. It was observed that administration of WB4101 (10 and 15 nmol), CGP20712 (5 and 10 nmol), or ICI118,551 (5 nmol) into the BNST reduced the immobility time of rats subjected to forced swimming test, indicating an antidepressant-like effect. These findings suggest that activation of α(1), β(1), and β(2) adrenoceptors in the BNST could be involved in the development of the behavioral consequences of stress.
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Catalpol Induces Neuroprotection and Prevents Memory Dysfunction through the Cholinergic System and BDNF. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:134852. [PMID: 24194776 PMCID: PMC3782139 DOI: 10.1155/2013/134852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role and mechanism of catalpol on neuroprotective effects and memory enhancing effects simultaneously, neuroprotective effects of catalpol were assessed by neurological deficits score, TTC staining, and cerebral blood flow detecting. Morris water maze was employed to investigate its effects on learning and memory and then clarify its possible mechanisms relating the central cholinergic system and BDNF. Edaravone and oxiracetam were used for positive control drugs based on its different action. Results showed that catalpol and edaravone significantly facilitated neurological function recovery, reduced infarction volume, and increased cerebral blood flow in stroke mice. Catalpol and oxiracetam decreased the escape latency significantly and increased the numbers of crossing platform obviously. The levels of ACh, ChAT, and BDNF in catalpol group were increased in a dose-dependent manner, and AChE declined with a U-shaped dose-response curve. Moreover, the levels of muscarinic AChR subtypes M1 and M2 in hippocampus were considerably raised by catalpol. These results demonstrated that catalpol may be useful for neuroprotection and memory enhancement, and the mechanism may be related to the central cholinergic system.
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Clifton NE, Morisot N, Girardon S, Millan MJ, Loiseau F. Enhancement of social novelty discrimination by positive allosteric modulators at metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors: adolescent administration prevents adult-onset deficits induced by neonatal treatment with phencyclidine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 225:579-94. [PMID: 22983144 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2845-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate-5 receptors (mGluR5), which physically and functionally interact with N-methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors, likewise control cognitive processes and have been proposed as targets for novel classes of antipsychotic agent. Since social cognition is impaired in schizophrenia and disrupted by NMDA receptor antagonists like dizocilpine, we evaluated its potential modulation by mGluR5. Acute administration (0.63-40 mg/kg) of the mGluR5 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), 3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (CDPPB) and ADX47273, reversed a delay-induced impairment in social novelty discrimination (SND) in adult rats. The action of CDPPB was blocked by the mGluR5 antagonist, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (2.5-10 mg/kg), and was also expressed upon microinjection into frontal cortex (0.63-10 μg/side), but not striatum. Supporting an interrelationship between mGluR5 and NMDA receptors, enhancement of SND by CDPPB was blocked by dizocilpine (0.08 mg/kg) while, reciprocally, dizocilpine-induced impairment in SND was attenuated by CDPPB (10 mg/kg). The SND deficit elicited by post-natal administration of phencyclidine (10 mg/kg, days 7-11) was reversed by CDPPB or ADX47273 in adults at week 8. This phencyclidine-induced impairment in cognition emerged in adult rats from week 7 on, and chronic, pre-symptomatic treatment of adolescent rats with CDPPB over weeks 5-6 (10 mg/kg per day) prevented the appearance of SND deficits in adults until at least week 13. In conclusion, as evaluated by a SND procedure, mGluR5 PAMs promote social cognition via actions expressed in interaction with NMDA receptors and exerted in frontal cortex. MGluR5 PAMs not only reverse but also (when given during adolescence) prevent the emergence of cognitive impairment associated with a developmental model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Clifton
- Neuroscience Research and Development Unit, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de ronde, Croissy-sur-Seine, Paris, France
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Bisphenol A interferes with thyroid specific gene expression. Toxicology 2013; 304:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The ameliorating effects of stigmasterol on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 676:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Borsook D, Hargreaves R, Becerra L. Can Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Improve Success Rates in CNS Drug Discovery? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:597-617. [PMID: 21765857 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.584529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The bar for developing new treatments for CNS disease is getting progressively higher and fewer novel mechanisms are being discovered, validated and developed. The high costs of drug discovery necessitate early decisions to ensure the best molecules and hypotheses are tested in expensive late stage clinical trials. The discovery of brain imaging biomarkers that can bridge preclinical to clinical CNS drug discovery and provide a 'language of translation' affords the opportunity to improve the objectivity of decision-making. AREAS COVERED: This review discusses the benefits, challenges and potential issues of using a science based biomarker strategy to change the paradigm of CNS drug development and increase success rates in the discovery of new medicines. The authors have summarized PubMed and Google Scholar based publication searches to identify recent advances in functional, structural and chemical brain imaging and have discussed how these techniques may be useful in defining CNS disease state and drug effects during drug development. EXPERT OPINION: The use of novel brain imaging biomarkers holds the bold promise of making neuroscience drug discovery smarter by increasing the objectivity of decision making thereby improving the probability of success of identifying useful drugs to treat CNS diseases. Functional imaging holds the promise to: (1) define pharmacodynamic markers as an index of target engagement (2) improve translational medicine paradigms to predict efficacy; (3) evaluate CNS efficacy and safety based on brain activation; (4) determine brain activity drug dose-response relationships and (5) provide an objective evaluation of symptom response and disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Borsook
- Center for Pain and the Brain, MGH, McLean and Children's Hospitals, Harvard Medical School And Merck Research Laboratories
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Calabrese EJ, Mattson MP, Calabrese V. Resveratrol commonly displays hormesis: occurrence and biomedical significance. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 29:980-1015. [PMID: 21115559 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110383625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol induces hormetic dose responses in a wide range of biological models, affecting numerous endpoints of biomedical and therapeutic significance. These responses were reported for numerous human tumor cell lines affecting breast, prostate, colon, lung, uterine and leukemia. In such cases, low concentrations of resveratrol enhanced tumor cell proliferation whereas higher concentrations were inhibitory. Similar resveratrol-induced biphasic dose responses were seen with several parasitic diseases, including Leishmaniasis and trichinella. Hormetic effects were also reported in animal models for cardiovascular induced injury, gastric lesions, ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis. In these cases, there was often a protective effect at low doses but an adverse effect at higher doses, exacerbating the disease process/incidence. This analysis indicates that many effects induced by resveratrol are dependent on dose and that opposite effects occur at low and high doses, being indicative of a hormetic dose response. Despite consistent occurrence of hormetic dose responses of resveratrol in a wide range of biomedical models, epidemiologic and clinical trials are needed to assess the nature of its dose-response in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003,USA.
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Bellavite P, Magnani P, Zanolin E, Conforti A. Homeopathic Doses of Gelsemium sempervirens Improve the Behavior of Mice in Response to Novel Environments. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:362517. [PMID: 19752165 PMCID: PMC3135388 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gelsemium sempervirens is used in homeopathy for treating patients with anxiety related symptoms, however there have been few experimental studies evaluating its pharmacological activity. We have investigated the effects of homeopathic doses of G. sempervirens on mice, using validated behavioral models. Centesimal (CH) dilutions/dynamizations of G. sempervirens, the reference drug diazepam (1 mg/kg body weight) or a placebo (solvent vehicle) were intraperitoneally delivered to groups of mice of CD1 strain during 8 days, then the effects were assessed by the Light-Dark (LD) choice test and by the Open-Field (OF) exploration test, in a fully blind manner. In the LD test, the mean time spent in the illuminated area by control and placebo-treated animals was 15.98%, for mice treated with diazepam it increased to 19.91% (P = .047), while with G. sempervirens 5 CH it was 18.11% (P = .341, non-significant). The number of transitions between the two compartments increased with diazepam from 6.19 to 9.64 (P < .001) but not with G. Sempervirens. In the OF test, G. sempervirens 5 CH significantly increased the time spent and the distance traveled in the central zone (P = .009 and P = .003, resp.), while diazepam had no effect on these OF test parameters. In a subsequent series of experiments, G. sempervirens 7 and 30 CH also significantly improved the behavioral responses of mice in the OF test (P < .01 for all tested variables). Neither dilutions of G. sempervirens affected the total distance traveled, indicating that the behavioral effect was not due to unspecific changes in locomotor activity. In conclusion, homeopathic doses of G. sempervirens influence the emotional responses of mice to novel environments, suggesting an improvement in exploratory behavior and a diminution of thigmotaxis or neophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bellavite
- Department of Morphological Biomedical Sciences (Chemistry and Microscopy Section), University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
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Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Calabrese EJ, Mattson MP. Cellular stress responses, the hormesis paradigm, and vitagenes: novel targets for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:1763-811. [PMID: 20446769 PMCID: PMC2966482 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the capacity of chaperones and other homeostatic components to restore folding equilibrium, cells appear poorly adapted for chronic oxidative stress that increases in cancer and in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Modulation of endogenous cellular defense mechanisms represents an innovative approach to therapeutic intervention in diseases causing chronic tissue damage, such as in neurodegeneration. This article introduces the concept of hormesis and its applications to the field of neuroprotection. It is argued that the hormetic dose response provides the central underpinning of neuroprotective responses, providing a framework for explaining the common quantitative features of their dose-response relationships, their mechanistic foundations, and their relationship to the concept of biological plasticity, as well as providing a key insight for improving the accuracy of the therapeutic dose of pharmaceutical agents within the highly heterogeneous human population. This article describes in mechanistic detail how hormetic dose responses are mediated for endogenous cellular defense pathways, including sirtuin and Nrf2 and related pathways that integrate adaptive stress responses in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Particular attention is given to the emerging role of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide gases in hormetic-based neuroprotection and their relationship to membrane radical dynamics and mitochondrial redox signaling.
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Picetti R, Ho A, Butelman ER, Kreek MJ. Dose preference and dose escalation in extended-access cocaine self-administration in Fischer and Lewis rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010; 211:313-23. [PMID: 20559822 PMCID: PMC2926930 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-1899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Drug addiction is a disease with a genetic component that may be involved in different stages of its progression. Cocaine users escalate unit doses and frequency of self-administration events in naturalistic settings. Rats that self-administer drugs of abuse over extended sessions increase the number of infusions over days. OBJECTIVES Comparison of two genetically different inbred rat strains, Fischer and Lewis, in a new self-administration paradigm whereby rats select between different unit doses of cocaine, thus potentially escalating the unit dose and the number of infusions. METHODS Extended (18 h/day) self-administration sessions lasted for 14 days. Rats had access to two active levers associated with two different unit doses of cocaine. If a rat showed preference for the higher unit dose, then the available doses were escalated in the following session. Four cocaine unit doses were available (0.2, 0.5, 1.25, and 2.5 mg/kg/infusion). RESULTS Lewis rats showed a clear preference for the two higher doses of cocaine (70% of rats), with a high percentage (35%) of the individuals escalating to the highest unit dose, and escalated the total amount of cocaine taken over days. Fischer rats, however, preferred the two lower doses (63%) and did not escalate the amount of cocaine taken over days. Fischer, but not Lewis, rats showed an activated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in acute withdrawal (24 h). CONCLUSION This work shows the power of a model of extended-access self-administration that allows for the subject-controlled dose-escalation of the unit dose of cocaine, and underlines the genetic differences that modulate cocaine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Picetti
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 171, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Abstract
This paper summarizes numerous conceptual and experimental advances over the past two decades in the study of hormesis. Hormesis is now generally accepted as a real and reproducible biological phenomenon, being highly generalized and independent of biological model, endpoint measured and chemical class/physical stressor. The quantitative features of the hormetic dose response are generally highly consistent, regardless of the model and mechanism, and represent a quantitative index of biological plasticity at multiple levels of biological organization. The hormetic dose-response model has been demonstrated to make far more accurate predictions of responses in low dose zones than either the threshold or linear at low dose models. Numerous therapeutic agents widely used by humans are based on the hormetic dose response and its low dose stimulatory characteristics. It is expected that as low dose responses come to dominate toxicological research that risk assessment practices will incorporate hormetic concepts in the standard setting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences Division, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Park SJ, Kim DH, Lee IK, Jung WY, Park DH, Kim JM, Lee KR, Lee KT, Shin CY, Cheong JH, Ko KH, Ryu JH. The ameliorating effect of the extract of the flower of Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina on drug-induced memory impairments in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1671-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nahrstedt A, Butterweck V. Lessons learned from herbal medicinal products: the example of St. John's Wort (perpendicular). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1015-21. [PMID: 20408551 DOI: 10.1021/np1000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The example of St. John's wort offers convincing evidence for the concept that modern methods of pharmacological and phytochemical research are effective in advancing the development of traditional herbal remedies. As a consequence of these efforts, it is known today that several compounds from different structural groups and with different mechanisms of action seem to be responsible for the observed antidepressant efficacy of St. John's Wort. Co-effectors in the extract improve the bioavailability of active constituents such as hypericin (1) (pharmacokinetic synergy). Unwanted side effects are preventable without remarkable loss of activity when the responsible constituent(s) are carefully removed during the extraction process, as demonstrated for hyperforin (3), which is responsible for the induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-metabolizing enzymes (CYP3A4, in particular). On the basis of our findings, it is likely that positive interactions between single compounds occur more frequently in traditionally used herbal preparations than is known presently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolf Nahrstedt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat, D-48149 Munster, Germany.
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Fosslien E. The hormetic morphogen theory of curvature and the morphogenesis and pathology of tubular and other curved structures. Dose Response 2009; 7:307-31. [PMID: 20011651 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.09-013.fosslien] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro, morphogens such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta can up-and down-regulate cell growth at low and high concentrations respectively, i.e. they behave like hormetic agents. The hormetic morphogen theory of curvature proposes that in vivo tissue gradients of such morphogens secreted by source cells determine the fate of cells within their gradient fields (field cells) and that morphogen-induced amplitude modulation of field cell mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation controls field cell growth along the morphogen gradients: At the high concentration end of gradients, field cell ATP generation and field cell growth is reduced. With declining concentrations along the rest of the gradients field cell ATP and growth is progressively less reduced until an equidyne point is reached, beyond which ATP generation and growth gradually increases. Thus, the differential growth rates along the gradients curve the tissue. Apoptosis at very high morphogen concentrations enables lumen and cavity formation of tubular, spherical, cystic, domed, and other curved biological structures. The morphogen concentration, the gradient slope and the hormesis responses of field cells determine the curvature of such structures during developmental morphogenesis, tissue remodeling and repair of injury. Aberrant hormetic morphogen signaling is associated with developmental abnormalities, vascular diseases, and tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egil Fosslien
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60137, USA.
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Ambavade SD, Mhetre NA, Muthal AP, Bodhankar SL. Pharmacological evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of root extract of Saussurea lappa in mice. Eur J Integr Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2009.08.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Calabrese EJ. Vitagenes, cellular stress response, and acetylcarnitine: relevance to hormesis. Biofactors 2009; 35:146-60. [PMID: 19449442 DOI: 10.1002/biof.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of endogenous cellular defense mechanisms via the stress response signaling represents an innovative approach to therapeutic intervention in diseases causing chronic damage, such as neurodegeneration and cancer. Protein thiols play a key role in redox sensing, and regulation of cellular redox state is crucial mediator of multiple metabolic, signaling, and transcriptional processes. Maintenance of optimal long-term health conditions is accomplished by a complex network of longevity assurance processes that are controlled by vitagenes, a group of genes involved in preserving cellular homeostasis during stressful conditions. Vitagenes encode for heat shock proteins (Hsp) Hsp32, Hsp70, the thioredoxin, and the sirtuin protein systems. Dietary antioxidants, such as polyphenols and L-carnitine/acetyl-L-carnitine, have recently been demonstrated to be neuroprotective through the activation of hormetic pathways, including vitagenes. The hormetic dose-response, challenges long-standing beliefs about the nature of the dose-response in a low dose zone, having the potential to affect significantly the design of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials as well as strategies for optimal patient dosing in the treatment of numerous diseases. Given the broad cytoprotective properties of the heat shock response, there is now strong interest in discovering and developing pharmacological agents capable of inducing these responses. In this review we discuss the most current and up-to-date understanding of the possible signaling mechanisms by which acetylcarnitine by activating vitagenes can differentially modulate signal transduction cascades inducing apoptosis/cell death in abnormal cancer cells but at the same time enhancing defensive enzymes to protect against carcinogenesis and neurodegeneration in normal cells. (c) 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria, Catania, Italy.
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Getting the dose–response wrong: why hormesis became marginalized and the threshold model accepted. Arch Toxicol 2009; 83:227-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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