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Li S, Shu H, Wu Y, Li F, Yang J, Luo L, Wei X. Post-traumatic growth promotes resilience development: A Longitudinal Mediation Model. J Affect Disord 2024; 368:727-733. [PMID: 39299589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequent occurrence of global disasters poses unprecedented challenges to nursing practice. The frontline nurses in disaster relief are exposed to these events and bear significant levels of stress and psychological distress. Resilience and posttraumatic growth (PTG) are essential protective factors that contribute to sustaining their mental health. The purpose of this study was to determine the directional relationship between resilience and PTG using a cross-lagged design. Furthermore, employing longitudinal mediation to test whether the T1 resilience of frontline nurses would promote the development of T3 resilience through the mediating role of T2 PTG. METHODS A total of 258 frontline nurses were selected as subjects. They completed self-reported measurements in three periods. The present study was conducted using a cross-lagged panel model and a longitudinal mediation model. RESULTS The results of cross-lagged path analysis from T2 to T3 showed that PTG could positively predict the development of resilience (β = 0.235, p < 0.001). Resilience did not positively predict the development of PTG (p > 0.05). The analysis of mediating effect results showed that the development of PTG at T2 mediated the relationship between resilience from T1 to T3. LIMITATIONS Findings may be limited by self-report, recall bias of resilience before the epidemic and short tracking frequency. CONCLUSIONS These results can identify individuals with an increased risk of low resilience under disaster and the mediating role of posttraumatic growth in promoting the development of nurses' resilience, which provides a theoretical basis for psychological crisis intervention and the resilience promotion plan for posttraumatic growth under disaster events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Li
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Huilan Shu
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuze Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengling Li
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianyi Yang
- North Sichuan Medical College, Clinical Medical School, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Lanjun Luo
- North Sichuan Medical College, School of Management, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xuemei Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
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Cërmjani B, Kelmendi K. Exploring Resilience and Post-traumatic Growth Among Bereaved Adults in Kosovo. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024:302228241265391. [PMID: 39047121 DOI: 10.1177/00302228241265391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The study explores resilience and posttraumatic growth in adults in Kosovo who have experienced grief, using the Resilience Portfolio Model as a guiding framework. Twelve participants shared their experiences through semi-structured interviews, aiming to capture detailed personal narratives and insights into coping with loss. Thematic analysis of the data revealed three main themes: "Reaction to Loss," "Navigating through Loss and Embracing Adaptations," and "Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth." The findings highlight the transformative experiences contributing to personal development and resilience, emphasizing the significant role of cultural dimensions in shaping resilience and posttraumatic growth. The study underscores the importance of considering cultural context in therapeutic approaches to better support individuals in their recovery and growth from experiences of loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Cërmjani
- Department of Psychology, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Kosova
| | - Kaltrina Kelmendi
- Department of Psychology, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Kosova
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İme Y. The mediating role of self-efficacy, social support, and hope in the relation between mental health and resilience among 2023 Türkiye earthquake survivors. DEATH STUDIES 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38768037 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2355240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy, social support, and hope in the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress, and resilience in 2023 Türkiye earthquake survivors (N = 491). The findings from a multi-mediation analysis showed the indirect effect of depression, anxiety, and stress on resilience through self-efficacy, social support, and hope. Thus, self-efficacy, social support, and hope may be protective factors for resilience in earthquake survivors. Strategies to improve self-efficacy and hope in earthquake survivors and social support may be necessary in reducing the stress factors caused by earthquakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakup İme
- Counseling Psychology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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4
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Sun B, Wang N, Li K, Yang Y, Zhang F. The mediating effects of hope on the relationships of social support and self-esteem with psychological resilience in patients with stroke. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:340. [PMID: 38715019 PMCID: PMC11075303 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the mediating effect of hope in the relationships between social support and self-esteem with psychological resilience among patients with stroke survivors in early rehabilitation. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was adopted. Data from a cross-sectional survey of 210 patients undergoing early stroke rehabilitation were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The variables of interest were measured using the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale, the Social Support Rating Scale, the Herth Hope Index, and the Self-Esteem Scale. This article reports according to the STROBE checklist. RESULTS A positive relationship was found between social support and psychological resilience (β1 = 0.548), which was mediated by hope (β2 = 0.114), and social support had significant direct effect on resilience (β3 = 0.434). A positive relationship was also found between self-esteem and psychological resilience (β4 = 0.380), which was mediated by hope (β5 = 0.200), and self-esteem had significant direct effect on resilience (β6 = 0.179). CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, some strategies can be incorporated into the rehabilitation process to enhance psychological resilience, such as cultivating individual personality characteristics and improving patients' social relationships. In the future, we need to explore methods for improving psychological resilience among patients with stroke in combination with their risk factors to improve their quality of life and reduce the incidence of post-stroke depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boru Sun
- Emergency Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Rehabilitation Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ke Li
- Surgery Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Nursing Department, Shengjing Hospital China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China.
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Teaching Group of Nursing Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P.R. China.
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Jin J, Yuan GF, An Y, Li X. Longitudinal Association Between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Depression Symptoms Among Chinese Adolescents During COVID-19: Evidence from Network Perspective. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-023-01650-6. [PMID: 38219268 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01650-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Although there are an increasing number of studies that have explored the mental health consequences of COVID-19 focusing on revealing risk factors, the longitudinal research examining the potential mechanism of the co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depression symptoms among adolescents were scarce. The present study identified the important comorbidity symptoms and explored longitudinal relationship of PTSS and depression symptoms from the network perspective. A two-wave investigation (4 months interval; T1 and T2) was conducted with a sample of 1225 Chinese adolescents. Cross-sectional network and cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) analyses were adopted. Results showed that comorbidity symptoms consisted of both overlapping and non-overlapping symptoms, including "Future foreshortening" at T1 and T2 from PTSS, and "Hard to get started" at T1 and "Not sleep well" at T2 from depression symptoms. Strong longitudinal pathways appeared from all PTSS to depression symptoms, among which the pathway from "Difficulty concentrating" to "Hard to get started" was the strongest. These findings suggest that the possible comorbidity between PTSS and depression symptoms is caused by their independent and related structures, and their longitudinal association. Clinical intervention for these symptoms may alleviate adolescents' psychological problems in the aftermath of traumatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Jin
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, No. 122 Ninghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhe Frank Yuan
- School of Education Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Shizhong District, Leshan, 614000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan An
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, No. 122 Ninghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, USA
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6
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Raccanello D, Vicentini G, Rocca E, Hall R, Burro R. Preparing children to cope with earthquakes: Building emotional competence. Br J Psychol 2023; 114:871-907. [PMID: 37171875 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural disasters, including earthquakes, can have a traumatic impact on children's psychological wellbeing and development. The efficacy of interventions aimed at enhancing children's socio-emotional learning has been documented in the literature. At the same time, these techniques are the key for training children for possible future disasters by enhancing their knowledge about behavioural preparedness and emotional competence. However, research on evidence-based training programs on earthquakes combining digital and traditional activities is scarce. We tested the efficacy of a 10-unit training program for primary school children, developed within the Emotional Prevention and Earthquakes in Primary School (PrEmT) project. The program aimed at increasing knowledge of and metacognition about earthquakes, safety behaviours, emotions, and coping strategies, through digital (using the web-application HEMOT® , Helmet for EMOTions, developed ad-hoc) and traditional activities (completing paper-and-pencil tasks). The participants were 548 second and fourth-graders from Italian schools. They were divided into an experimental group (participating in the training program) and a control group. Both groups participated in pretests and posttests to evaluate changes in their knowledge of training-related contents. For ethical reasons, we also measured children's wellbeing. Generalized linear mixed models indicated an improvement in the experimental group's knowledge and metacognition about earthquakes, safety behaviours, emotions, and coping strategies after the training program, compared to the control group. Children's general wellbeing did not deteriorate during participation in the project. The results documented the efficacy of the evidence-based training program developed within the PrEmT project. The program provides a preventive method for enhancing earthquake-related resilience that could be generalized to other kinds of disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giada Vicentini
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emmanuela Rocca
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rob Hall
- Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Environmetrics, Killara, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roberto Burro
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Yoder LH, Ferro AL, Rivers F. Post traumatic growth among military enroute care nurses: A secondary analysis. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 45:169-175. [PMID: 37544695 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
To date, little is known about the experience of military nurses and post traumatic growth (PTG). An analysis focusing on PTG was performed using data from the surveys and qualitative interviews of military enroute care nurses. In a mixed methods study designed to understand behavioral health symptoms experienced by military enroute care nurses, the qualitative data confirmed the experiences of nurses found in the quantitative data regarding the presence of PTG. Although the mean PTG total score was low in the quantitative findings, the qualitative data supported the presence of important factors comprising PTG. More research is needed to determine the experience of PTG among nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda H Yoder
- University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, 1710 Red River, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Allison L Ferro
- University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, 1710 Red River, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Lundberg T, Årestedt K, Olsson M, Alvariza A, Forinder U. Posttraumatic Growth After Struggling With the Loss of a Parent in Young Adulthood. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231187175. [PMID: 37385294 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231187175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine posttraumatic growth and its associations with parental bereavement among adolescents and young adults. Fifty-five young adults who had lost a parent to cancer at least 2 months earlier and were about to attend a support group at a palliative care service were recruited. Data was collected through questionnaires before support group participation, about 5-8 months after the loss and at a 6-month follow-up, about 14-18 months after the loss. The result shows that the young adults experienced posttraumatic growth, mostly in the domains Personal strength and Appreciation of life. Posttraumatic growth was associated with bereavement outcomes, especially life satisfaction, a feeling of meaning in future life and psychological health. The result is of value for health care professionals as it adds information about the importance of supporting constructive rumination to enhance the possibility to positive psychological change after a parent's death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lundberg
- Department of Health Care Sciences/Palliative Research Centre, Marie Cederschiöld University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Function Area in Social Work and Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Årestedt
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Research, Region Kalmar County, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mariann Olsson
- Function Area in Social Work and Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society/Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Research and Development/ Palliative Care, Stockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anette Alvariza
- Department of Health Care Sciences/Palliative Research Centre, Marie Cederschiöld University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Research and Development/ Palliative Care, Stockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Forinder
- Department of Social Work and Psychology, Gävle University, Gävle, Sweden
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Lee HJ, Lee DH, Lee DH, Kim JY. Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Expanded: Factor Structure, Test-Retest Reliability, and Validity in Trauma-Exposed and Bereaved Adults. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231177847. [PMID: 37220767 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231177847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is a positive psychological change experienced after trauma and it has gained global recognition in recent years. The present study aimed to validate a South Korean version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Expanded (K-PTGI-X) for use with trauma-exposed and bereaved samples. A national sample comprising South Korean adults was used for the analysis. As a result, the 4-factor bi-factor model was best supported in both the trauma and bereaved groups in terms of personal strength, new possibilities, spiritual-existential change, and being able to relate to others. Additionally, the K-PTGI-X showed satisfying reliability, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity. Lastly, regarding the group differences, women showed higher rates of PTG than men and the bereaved group exhibited higher spiritual and existential growth in the PTG than the trauma group. Given these results, implications for adaptation in various fields when assessing and encouraging PTG in practical settings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jung Lee
- Traumatic Stress Center, Department of Education, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Traumatic Stress Center, Department of Education, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deok Hee Lee
- Traumatic Stress Center, Department of Education, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Yun Kim
- Department of Wesley Creative Convergence, Hyupsung University, Hwaseong, South Korea
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10
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Confino D, Einav M, Margalit M. Post-traumatic Growth: The Roles of the Sense of Entitlement, Gratitude and hope. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 8:1-13. [PMID: 37361623 PMCID: PMC10136378 DOI: 10.1007/s41042-023-00102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
People believe that they are entitled to well-being and safety, and their responses to unexpected traumatic events reveal individual differences. Their reactions vary, from feeling blocked and distressed to feeling proactive towards new growth, depending on their personal resources. The current study sought to identify the role of entitlement in explaining post-traumatic growth (PTG) while considering the role of gratitude and hope as personal resources. We used a community-based sample of Israeli adults (n = 182) who reported experiencing a traumatic event during the preceding year. The relationships between PTG and their sense of entitlement, gratitude, and hope were examined. A stepwise multiple hierarchical regression revealed that all the three variables were associated with PTG. However, the effect of hope turned insignificant with the inclusion of sense of entitlement and gratitude in the regression. Sense of entitlement and gratitude were independently associated with PTG. The theoretical contribution of these findings is discussed, as well as their interventional implications and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Confino
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Menad institute - Lod, Lod, Israel
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Zang X, Li T, Li M, An Y, Cheng X, Jin J. Resilience Mediates the Relationship Between Parental Attachment and Posttraumatic Growth in Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e381. [PMID: 37185263 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that parental attachment was associated with higher levels of posttraumatic growth (PTG) in individuals who have experienced traumatic events. The aim of the current longitudinal study is to investigate resilience as one pathway through which parental attachment is related to PTG among Chinese adolescents following the Yancheng tornado. METHODS A total of 351 adolescent survivors participated in this longitudinal study. Participants completed the revised version of Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA-R) at 12 months (T1), and the revised Chinese version of the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-R) and the Connor and Davidson's Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) at 18 months (T2) after the tornado, respectively. RESULTS It indicated that parental attachment at T1 has direct and positive effect on PTG at T2, and resilience at T2 fully mediated the relationship between parental attachment at T1 and PTG at T2. CONCLUSION The findings revealed that parental attachment and resilience are two key resources that promote adolescent's PTG, and parental attachment acts through resilience to promote PTG in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zang
- Nanjing Normal University, School of Psychology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyuan Li
- The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mengdan Li
- Nanjing Normal University, School of Psychology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan An
- Nanjing Normal University, School of Psychology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- Nanjing Normal University, School of Psychology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialu Jin
- Nanjing Normal University, School of Psychology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Liu A, Wang W, Wu X. The mediating role of rumination in the relation between self-compassion, posttraumatic stress disorder, and posttraumatic growth among adolescents after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 42:3846-3859. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Chen XY, Wang D, Liu X, Shi X, Scherffius A, Fan F. Cumulative stressful events and mental health in young adults after 10 years of Wenchuan earthquake: the role of social support. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2189399. [PMID: 36942927 PMCID: PMC10035950 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2189399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTBackground: After a natural disaster, stressful events often continue to accumulate, affecting individuals in a different manner than the original disaster never occurred. However, few studies have examined these associations, the cumulative impacts of stressful events on mental health outcomes, and the role of social support. This study examined the prospective association between cumulative stressful events and mental health problems and the role of social support in young adults.Methods: 695 participants provided available data on earthquake exposure, childhood maltreatment, other negative life events, and social support at baseline. Depressive symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder were assessed at baseline and 10 years after the earthquake (T10y). A cumulative stressful events index was used to evaluate the levels of cumulative stressful events. Linear regressions were used to explore the predictive effects.Results: Of 695 participants, 41.3%, 28.5%, and 7.9% reported one, two, and three stressful events, respectively. The associations between cumulative stressful events and mental health problems at T10y presented a dose-response pattern: those who experienced three events had the highest risk of mental health problems, followed by those who experienced two events and those who reported one event. Additionally, higher social support partially reduced the negative impact of cumulative stressful events on mental health.Conclusions: Cumulative stressful events are associated with mental health problems 10 years later in young earthquake survivors. Social support could reduce the negative impact, but its protective role disappears when stressful events accumulate at the highest level. These findings highlight the importance of assessing the cumulative impacts of stressful events and social support available to young disaster survivors and intervening to prevent worse mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Chen
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchen Liu
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xuliang Shi
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Scherffius
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Sun R, Yang X, Wu X, Zhou X. Sometimes Less is More: Switching Influence of Social Support on Posttraumatic Growth over Time after a Natural Disaster. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:218-228. [PMID: 35972613 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the causal link between social support and posttraumatic growth. Using a four-wave longitudinal design, the present study examined the reciprocal relationship between posttraumatic growth and social support in family and school contexts. A total of 285 adolescents (61.3% female) were recruited to complete self-report questionnaires 12, 18, 24, and 30 months after the Wenchuan earthquake. The data were analyzed using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model. Results revealed a trend for total social support initially promoting posttraumatic growth, followed by no influence, and finally a hindering of growth. This pattern varied between different sources of support. Specifically, the influence of support from parents and peers was consistent with the pattern for total support, whereas that from teachers and others prevented posttraumatic growth during later stages. These results suggest that timing is an important issue in posttraumatic growth and that providing more support for a prolonged period following a traumatic event constrains adolescents' autonomy and thus inhibits posttraumatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xima Yang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchun Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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15
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Solhi M, Zahed S, Ostadtaghizade A, Gilan HD. Exploration of the primary needs of health care services for earthquake victims in the west of Iran. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:416. [PMID: 36824092 PMCID: PMC9942142 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_248_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural disasters always have significant effects on social infrastructures, living conditions, and health care systems. This study aims to explain the needs of victims in the west of Iran for primary health care services. MATERIALS AND METHODS This thematic content analysis and qualitative study was done from September 2020 to June 2021 in the west of Iran. Participants were selected using purposive sampling method. The data were extracted through semi-structured interviews with 17 earthquake victims and then examined through thematic content analysis. RESULTS By analyzing and coding the data, the primary needs of victims post an earthquake in the west of Iran were classified into four main categories) health services, mental health, social health, and health management (and 14 subcategories. CONCLUSION Regarding the primary needs (health services, mental health, social health, and health management), establishing a headquarters to meet the immediate and special health care needs seems to be required. It was recommended to create institutions for monitoring and supporting the health care needs at the level of the community and even policymaking, as well as guiding earthquake-stricken areas such as the eco-village.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Solhi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shakiba Zahed
- PhD in Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ostadtaghizade
- Assistant Professor of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Darvishi Gilan
- Ph.D. in Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Wang X, Ji W, Xu Y, Zhou X. Social support, posttraumatic growth, and prosocial behaviors among adolescents following a flood: the mediating roles of belief in a just world and empathy. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Chen XY, Lo CKM, Ho FK, Leung WC, Ip P, Chan KL. Changing Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence against Pregnant Women: A Three-Year Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14397. [PMID: 36361277 PMCID: PMC9656119 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women adversely impacts women's and infants' health. This study aims to provide longitudinal evidence regarding how pregnant women's exposure to IPV changes over time. Additionally, we examine the risk and protective factors associated with these changes. In total, 340 pregnant women were recruited from an antenatal clinic in Hong Kong. IPV experiences and health conditions were assessed at pregnancy and at both 4 weeks and 3 years after childbirth. The women also reported adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), their family support, and perceived partner involvement. We found IPV prevalence among the study sample decreased from 22.9% before pregnancy to 13.5% during pregnancy, 14.7% at 4 weeks after childbirth, and 11.8% at 3 years after childbirth. We further found three types of IPV: 11.8% of women had a violent relationship (VR) persistently over time from pregnancy to 3 years after childbirth, 20.6% experienced decreased IPV (DVR), and 67.6% reported a nonviolent relationship (NVR) throughout the study period. VRs were associated with more severe mental health problems and higher ACEs. Family support and partner involvement may be protective factors for decreased IPV. Our present findings highlight the importance of identifying different IPV types over time to provide targeted intervention to the most vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan Chen
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Camilla K. M. Lo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Frederick K. Ho
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK
| | - Wing Cheong Leung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ko Ling Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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18
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Henson C, Truchot D, Canevello A. PTSD and PTG in French and American Firefighters: A Comparative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11973. [PMID: 36231272 PMCID: PMC9614603 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies show that experiencing traumatic events can lead to positive psychological change, or posttraumatic growth (PTG). In the hope of promoting PTG, authors have been focusing on identifying the factors that may foster PTG. Despite these attempts, the literature shows inconsistencies, making it difficult to know which variables may be involved in the process of growth. Indeed, authors seem to disagree on the nature of the relationship between PTSD and PTG, time since the event, social support, intrusive rumination, and sociodemographics. Thus, this study aims to clarify these discrepancies, and verify whether the processes involved are the same across two different cultural groups, both of which are confronted with traumatic events regularly: 409 American firefighters, and 407 French firefighters. Results indicate that, in both samples, PTG is positively related to PTSD, subjective perceptions of the event, stress during the event, disruption of core-beliefs, and deliberate rumination; and unrelated to social support, core-self evaluations, and socio-demographic variables (age, gender, relationship status, etc.). However, time since the event and the number of years on the job only predicted PTG in the American sample, while colleague and emotional support only predicted PTG in the French sample. Additionally, American firefighters reported more growth, more social support, more positive self-perceptions, more intrusive rumination, and more neuroticism than French firefighters. These results suggest that the process of growth, as defined by Tedeschi and Calhoun, is relatively stable among firefighters, but that some differences do exist between cultural groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Henson
- Laboratory of Psychology, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté à Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Didier Truchot
- Laboratory of Psychology, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté à Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Amy Canevello
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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19
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Peng J, Zhang J, Yuan W, Zhou X, Fang P. The correlation of childhood maltreatment and aggression among incarcerated adolescents: testing the mediating effects of self-esteem and self-control. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Siami S, Gorji M, Martin A. Psychosocial safety climate and supportive leadership as vital enhancers of personal hope and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress Health 2022; 39:404-413. [PMID: 35995752 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of supportive leadership and psychosocial safety climate on personal hope and resilience among nurses during the pandemic. Conservation of resource theory was employed to explain the effects of psychosocial safety climate and supportive leadership on nurses' hope and resilience. A cross-sectional design was employed to collect data. Six-hundred and twenty-three nurses across 68 hospitals who were in direct contact with COVID-19 patients during the fifth wave of the pandemic in Iran were recruited. Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM) and Structural Equation Modelling using Amos were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that both psychosocial safety climate and supportive leadership improved personal resilience through personal hope. Findings showed that the positive relationship between supportive leadership and personal hope was stronger when the hospital-level psychosocial safety climate was high. To improve personal hope and resilience among nurses during critical times, hospital management must ensure consistent supportive leadership and establish policies, practices and procedures that support nurses' psychosocial health and safety at the hospital level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Siami
- School of Business and Creative Industries, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Angela Martin
- Professorial Research Fellow at the Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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21
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Yu S, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Xu W. Dispositional mindfulness, perceived social support and emotion regulation among Chinese firefighters: a longitudinal study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Yetim O. Examining the relationships between stressful life event, resilience, self-esteem, trauma, and psychiatric symptoms in Syrian migrant adolescents living in Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2022.2072749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Onat Yetim
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Psychiatrist at Dr. Ersin Arslan Research and Educational Hospital in Gaziantep, Turkey
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23
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Online Social Support and Depressive Symptoms: Mediating Effect of Self-esteem and Gender Differences. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00818-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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24
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Yao Y, Chen J, Dong D, Feng Y, Qiao Z. The Relationship between Exercise and Mental Health Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: From the Perspective of Hope. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074090. [PMID: 35409772 PMCID: PMC8997973 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The unexpected outbreak of COVID-19 triggered fear and anxiety in the general population. Exercise was one of the most widely promoted methods to improve body function when socially restricted. This study aims to examine the role of exercise in relieving stressful mental health outcomes (anxiety and depressive symptoms) during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore the underlying mechanism from the perspective of hope, using a combination of goal-directed planning (pathways) and motivation (agency). A cross-sectional online survey recruiting 2390 Chinese participants was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. A series of questions and scales, including the self-designed exercise questionnaire, the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, were used to measure exercise, hope, anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms, respectively. A structural equation model was constructed to test the hypothesis that exercise benefits mental health outcomes through the mediating role of hope. Our results showed that exercise relieved stressful mental health outcomes via three paths: one direct path (β = −0.077, 95% CI = (−0.138, −0.017), p < 0.01), one indirect path through hope of pathways thinking (β = −0.046, 95% CI = (−0.064, −0.027), p < 0.001) and another indirect path through hope of agency thinking (β = −0.060, 95% CI = (−0.081, −0.039), p < 0.001). Our results showed that exercise could alleviate stressful mental health outcomes by promoting both hope of pathway thinking and agency thinking. It provided practical insights into psychological prevention and intervention by means of exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.Y.); (D.D.)
- Counseling and Education Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianqiao Chen
- Mental Health and Education Center, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Dan Dong
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.Y.); (D.D.)
| | - Yi Feng
- Mental Health Center, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Zhihong Qiao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.Y.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (Z.Q.)
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25
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Lei F, Lei L. How Does the Optimism of Students Learning a Foreign Language Affect Their Creative Self-Efficacy? The Mediating Effects of Hope and Empathy. Front Psychol 2022; 13:831593. [PMID: 35369131 PMCID: PMC8966132 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Creative self-efficacy (CSE) is a core influencer of creative behavior and has a positive impact on well-being and development. However, the positive psychological processes that help to promote CSE in foreign-language learning (FLL) remain under-studied. Focusing specifically on FLL students, the present study examined the associations among optimism, hope, empathy, and CSE and investigated the possible mediating roles of hope and empathy in the relationship between optimism and CSE. A sample of 330 FLL students from two Chinese universities participated in this study. The results showed that (i) optimism, hope, and empathy were all positively related to CSE and that (ii) optimism did not directly predict CSE but indirectly and positively predicted CSE through hope and empathy. These findings suggest that optimism, empathy, and hope potentially play positive roles in facilitating CSE in FLL students. Based on the present results, some practical approaches are discussed that could help improve the CSE of FLL students, paying particular attention to the effects that potentially motivate their positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lei
- School of Foreign Studies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Language Cognition and Assessment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lei
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Cao S, Zhu Y, Li P, Zhang W, Ding C, Yang D. Age Difference in Roles of Perceived Social Support and Psychological Capital on Mental Health During COVID-19. Front Psychol 2022; 13:801241. [PMID: 35282222 PMCID: PMC8905441 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.801241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and consequent confinement measures, young people are vulnerable to mental health problems. The current study compared a group of 440 young adolescents (10-12 years) and a group of 330 emerging adults (18-25 years) to investigate the extent to which perceived social support and psychological capital (PsyCap) were differentially associated with mental health problems. Participants were asked to report their current psychosocial adaptation status during the COVID-19 pandemic, and data were collected via online questionnaires during a relatively severe period of COVID-19 in China. Results of the multi-group path analysis indicated that the effect of perceived social support on mental health problems was mediated by PsyCap for young adolescents, but not for emerging adults. These results were discussed with respect to the mechanism of how social support and PsyCap serve as protective mental health factors for youth in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Cao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cody Ding
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Educational Psychology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dong Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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27
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Hu X, You S, Ling Y, Huebner ES. Family and Friends Support and Hope in Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2022; 60:39-46. [PMID: 35041800 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20220112-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Structural equation modeling was used to investigate presumed antecedents of hope in a community-based sample of Chinese adolescents. Specifically, we evaluated the mediating role of self-esteem in the link between social support from family and friends and individual differences in hope. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Children's Hope Scale were administered to 1,654 adolescent students (781 boys and 873 girls) from Chinese senior high schools. Social support from family and friends correlated equally with hope levels of participants, demonstrating the importance of both sources of support. Self-esteem fully mediated the relationship between family support and hope and partially (23.6%) mediated the relationship between friends support and hope. Results support a social-cognitive model of the origins of hope among adolescents. Findings also suggest implications for the design of hope-promoting environments for adolescents that extend beyond a focus on the individual to incorporate more comprehensive systemic components, including social support from family and friends. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].
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28
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An Y, Wang M, Ye Y, Chen Y. The symptom network structure of posttraumatic stress disorder among Chinese firefighters. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:1436-1450. [PMID: 34993980 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to explore the core and driving symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of firefighters before and after rescue. Identifying core symptoms of PTSD can help clinicians to understand what may be relevant targets for treatment. METHODS The study recruited 334 firefighters in a firefighter military school in September 2017 (T1). They were followed up 3 months later (T2), during which time they participated in real rescue activities. The network structure of DSM-5 PTSD was using regularized partial correlation models and a Bayesian approach computing directed acyclic graphs. RESULTS The most central symptom both in T1 and T2 was negative emotional state. Irritable or anger emerged as a key driver of other symptoms in traumatized firefighters. CONCLUSIONS Negative emotional state and irritable or anger might represent important symptoms within PTSD symptomatology and may offer key targets in PTSD treatment for firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan An
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muyun Wang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuchen Ye
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaru Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Jung HO, Han SW. Post-traumatic growth of people who have experienced earthquakes: Qualitative research systematic literature review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1070681. [PMID: 36937000 PMCID: PMC10017470 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1070681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Earthquakes can have a variety of physical, emotional, and social effects on the people who experience them. Post-traumatic Growth (PTG) results from people attempting to reconstruct their lives after experiencing a traumatic event. We intend to inform the local community of the importance of disaster psychology by identifying and analyzing the literature on post-traumatic growth experiences of subjects who experienced earthquakes. Methods This study applied a systematic review of qualitative research published from January 1, 2012 to January 31, 2021 to understand PTG in people who have experienced earthquakes. The search expressions "Post-traumatic Growth", "Earthquake", "Qualitative" were applied to CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, PsycInfo, KISS, RISS, and NDSL databases. Initially, 720 papers were found; after removal of duplicates, 318 remained. After a review of titles and abstracts, 186 papers that did not meet the selection criteria of this study were removed. After a further examination of the remaining 132 papers, the researchers removed 65 papers that did not match the research topic. Lastly, of the remaining 67 papers, detailed review eliminated quantitative papers that did not match this study (25), articles that were not original (19), articles in which results were not PTG (8), articles that were not related to this study (3), articles that were not written in English (2), or articles that had mixed topics (2). Eight papers remained. Results The results of this study show that the PTG in people who have experienced earthquakes can be classified into three categories: "Change in self-perception", "Change of interpersonal relationships", and "Spiritual change". They can be further classified into eight subcategories: "Reviewing one's existence", "Acceptance", "Discovering strengths by working through adversity", "Gratitude for life", "Changes in personal relations", "Changes in social relations", "Accepting the existence of God", and "A breakthrough to overcome difficulties". Discussion These results can be used as basic data for a positive psychological understanding for those who have experienced earthquake trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ok Jung
- College of Nursing, The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Han
- Department of Nursing, Kwangju Women's University, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seung-Woo Han
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30
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Laslo-Roth R, George-Levi S, Margalit M. Social participation and posttraumatic growth: The serial mediation of hope, social support, and reappraisal. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:47-63. [PMID: 33295659 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In light of the global crisis created by the outbreak of the coronavirus and the disease it causes, coronavirus disease 2019, the goal of the study was to detect factors that might enhance people's ability to experience positive psychological change during traumatic events. As such, this study examined the relationship between social participation and posttraumatic growth (PTG) during the coronavirus outbreak and tested the mediating role of hope, social support, and cognitive reappraisal in explaining this relationship. The sample consisted of 275 participants (21.8% male, and 78.2% female, with an average age of 33.42, SD = 13.63), subjected to social-distancing regulations during this period. Results demonstrated a serial mediation model in which social participation predicted PTG directly and indirectly through hope (pathways and agency), social support, and cognitive reappraisal. The importance of social participation in nourishing personal resources and practical implications including the need for prevention programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Laslo-Roth
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sivan George-Levi
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Malka Margalit
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
- Constantiner School of Education, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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31
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Xiong T, Milios A, McGrath PJ, Kaltenbach E. The influence of social support on posttraumatic stress symptoms among children and adolescents: a scoping review and meta-analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2011601. [PMID: 35340789 PMCID: PMC8942489 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.2011601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several risk and protective factors play a role in the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in children and youth. The evidence for social support (SS) as a protective factor is rising; however, a review of the evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE This scoping review and meta-analysis aims to map out and synthesize the present research on the influence of social support on PTSS in children and adolescents. METHOD The literature searched through PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, and CINAHL identified 3629 abstracts. Ninety articles published from 1999 to 2020 were selected, including a total of 77,439 participants. RESULTS Most papers focused on social and emotional support from family members (36/88) and peers (26/88); other types of support (e.g., informational support and support from professionals) were not widely reported. The cross-sectional studies illustrated an overall significant, but weak, negative correlation between global social support and PTSS. A similar weak negative association was found between family support and PTSS. The association between peer support and PTSS was not significant. For longitudinal studies, 4 of 5 indicated that SS was a significant negative predictor of PTSS. CONCLUSIONS There was conceptual, methodological, and statistical heterogeneity of the identified studies. This review suggests a weak negative relationship between global SS and PTSS in children and adolescents. Higher global SS was related to less PTSS. The evidence regarding family support revealed a more stable negative relationship with PTSS than that for peer support. Investigating social support without specifying the form of support confounds the effect. Studies on informational, teacher, or professional support seem to be lacking. More studies are needed on the longitudinal effects of SS on PTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Athena Milios
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Patrick J McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Centre for Research in Family Health, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Elisa Kaltenbach
- Centre for Research in Family Health, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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32
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Determinants of Positive and Negative Affect among Adolescents and Young Adults in Indonesia: A Population-Based Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312326. [PMID: 34886052 PMCID: PMC8656735 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Positive and negative affect are crucial for mental health. However, the determinant factors of positive and negative affect have yet to be examined between adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to explore the determinant factors of positive and negative affect, comparing their effects among adolescents and young adults and among the two sexes in Indonesia. We undertook secondary data analyses of the Indonesia Family Life Survey for this cross-sectional study. Questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, physical and mental health-related variables, and childhood family experiences from 2014 were used as independent variables, and positive and negative affect were used as the dependent variables. Hierarchical linear regression was performed to investigate the factors associated with positive and negative affect and to compare their effects between adolescents and young adults. The hierarchical linear regression revealed that sociodemographic characteristics, perceived health, smoking, chronic condition, acute morbidity, sleep, childhood family experiences, depression, personality type, life satisfaction, happiness, and experience of disasters were associated with positive and negative affect among adolescents and young adults in Indonesia. Identification of positive and negative affect as well as their associated factors among adolescents and young adults should be considered when developing preventive programs in the community.
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33
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Shen X, Yan S, Jiang H, Cao H, Dowling R, Feng J, Lei Z, Li CJ, Han X, Lv C, Gan Y. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Factors 1 Year After the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Chinese Residents. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:766127. [PMID: 34803773 PMCID: PMC8595276 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.766127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: By investigating the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among residents during a period of low transmission, this study reflects the long-term impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and identify which categories of residents are more likely to develop PTSD due to an acute infectious disease crisis, facilitating the development of targeted strategies to protect mental health after outbreaks of similar acute infectious diseases in the future. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in China from 4 to 26 February 2021. A convenience sampling strategy was adopted to recruit participants. Participants were asked to complete the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). A multivariable linear stepwise regression analysis model was used to identify which factors were associated with PTSD in residents of China. Results: A total of 2,361 Chinese residents completed the questionnaire. The mean PCL-5 score for the respondents was 13.65 (SD = 8.66), with 219 (9.28%) patients having probable PTSD symptoms. Respondents who were female (β = 0.038), had a relative or friend who had contracted COVID-19 (β = 0.041), and had poor health (β = 0.184) had higher PCL-5 scores, while the population aged over 60 years (β = -0.063), who agreed that COVID-19 information was released in a timely manner (β = -0.347), who had experienced a relatively limited impact of COVID-19 on their life (β = -0.069), and who agreed that the local prevention initiatives were sophisticated (β = -0.165) had lower PTSD scores. Conclusions: Outbreaks of acute infectious diseases can have long-term psychological health effects in the general population. In addition, health policy makers need to be concerned about and implement measures to support the mental health of vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijiao Yan
- School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Labor Economics and Management, Beijing Vocational College of Labour and Social Security, Beijing, China
| | - Rowan Dowling
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihui Lei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Crystal Jingru Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Education and Human Development, Hong Kong Education University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaotong Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabolomics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Emergency Medicine Centre, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Allen L, Jones C, Fox A, Copello A, Jones N, Meiser-Stedman R. The correlation between social support and post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:543-557. [PMID: 34330051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors exploring the link between trauma and Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been extensively explored in adults, however, less is known about child and adolescent populations. METHODS The current meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate and summarise the child focused literature to estimate the strength of the relationship between social support and PTSD symptoms following traumatic events. RESULTS Fifty primary studies reporting an effect size for the relationship between total social support scale or a source of social support with PTSD were included. A small effect size was found for the relationship between social support and PTSD (r = -0.12, 95% CI -0.16 to -0.07, k = 41), with large heterogeneity (I2 = 90.3%). The effect sizes between peer support (r = -0.18, 95% CI -0.10 to -0.25, k = 12), family support (r = -0.16, 95% CI -0.09 to -0.24, k = 13) and teacher support (r = -0.20, 95% CI -0.15 to -0.24, k = 5) and PTSD were also small. Moderator analyses indicated that studies reporting on participants exposed to abuse (r = -0.25) and correlations based on univariate data (r = -0.14) had higher correlations and medium heterogeneity. The main effect size was robust to publication bias and study quality. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design of the studies limits the findings and future research using prospective and longitudinal design would help to explain the relationship between social support and PTSD further. CONCLUSIONS The current review suggests that social support may only play a small role in protecting against PTSD and future research may benefit from exploring the link between post-trauma cognitions and social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Allen
- Centre for Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK.
| | - Christopher Jones
- Centre for Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Fox
- Centre for Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandre Copello
- Centre for Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK; Research and Innovation, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust, UK
| | - Natalie Jones
- Centre for Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Meiser-Stedman
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, UK
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Cui X, Chi X. The Relationship Between Social Support and Internet Addiction Among Chinese Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multiple Mediation Model of Resilience and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1665-1674. [PMID: 34675706 PMCID: PMC8517982 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s305510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lockdowns and online homeschooling during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic have significantly increased Internet use and adolescents' risk of developing or reinforcing related addictive behaviors. While various theoretical propositions have suggested that social support, resilience, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms can predict Internet addiction, no study has yet examined the combined influence of these factors on Internet addiction. This study therefore aimed to investigate the mediating roles of resilience and PTSD symptoms in the relationship between perceived social support and the Internet addiction of Chinese adolescents in the context of COVID-19. METHODS This study included 2544 adolescents living in the south China city of Qinzhou. The participants completed a self-report questionnaire one week before their return to classes after homeschooling. To examine whether resilience and PTSD symptoms mediated the relationship between social support and Internet addiction, we performed serial mediation analysis using the Model 6 PROCESS macro developed by Hayes (2013). RESULTS Social support was negatively and directly associated with Internet addiction and indirectly via resilience, PTSD symptoms, and by the multiple mediation of resilience to PTSD symptoms. DISCUSSION The results of this study suggest that, to address Internet addiction, it may be more effective to focus not on addictive behaviors themselves but on individuals' existing mental health. It is important to provide adequate social support to improve the resilience of adolescents, thereby reducing PTSD symptoms and Internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Cui
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Kindergarten of Meilian Primary School, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
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An Y, Shi J, Chuan-Peng H, Wu X. The symptom structure of posttraumatic stress disorder and co-morbid depression among college students with childhood abuse experience: A network analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 293:466-475. [PMID: 34256208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are highly co-morbid among individuals with childhood abuse history, while the mechanism of the co-morbidity is highly debated. This study sought to extent the work among college students with network analysis, which is a novel method that sees the co-morbidity from a symptom interacting perspective. METHODS Data was collected from 476 college students who were assessed to have childhood abuse history, PTSD and depression at the same time, using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire- Short Form, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 and The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression. We created a Graphical Gaussian Model (GGM) network to show associations between symptom pairs and a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) to estimate potential casual relationships among symptoms. RESULTS The GGM network was reliably stable, feeling sad (Depression) and trouble experiencing positive feelings (PTSD) were the most central nodes. Trouble experiencing positive feelings and several negative affect symptoms, sleep problems and difficulty in concentrating were acting as important bridging nodes. The DAG network suggested the key triggering roles of exaggerated startle (PTSD) and several re-experiencing symptoms. LIMITATIONS The study used cross-sectional data and self-reported measures. Results from network analysis could be affected by scale factors and contain spurious correlations. CONCLUSIONS In the childhood-abuse-related co-morbid structure, several negative affect symptoms both in PTSD and depression have pivotal roles, hyper-arousal symptoms and re-experiencing symptoms could trigger the co-morbid structure. Illustrating the strength and limitations of network analysis, this study help target the potentially influential symptoms for better clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan An
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, 122 Ninghai Road, Gulou Distinct, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Junyi Shi
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, 122 Ninghai Road, Gulou Distinct, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hu Chuan-Peng
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinchun Wu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Beijing, PR China.
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Zeligman M, Norris EK, Coleman J, Wood AW. Virtues as Correlates and Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress and Growth. COUNSELING AND VALUES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cvj.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Zeligman
- Department of Counselor Education and School Psychology University of Central Florida
| | - Elizabeth K. Norris
- Department of Counseling Mercer University
- Now at Counseling Division Denver Seminary
| | - Jamian Coleman
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services Georgia State University
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Zhou X, Wu X. Shared or unique trajectories of PTSD and depression in children over time since an earthquake. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1003-1017. [PMID: 34000878 DOI: 10.1177/13591045211017617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are common outcomes in children and adolescents following natural disasters. However, because of the comorbidity of PTSD and depression, their mutual relationship affects their relative trajectories over time. Therefore, this study examined the joint trajectories of PTSD and depression and assessed their consistency over time. Using self-report questionnaires, we surveyed 303 children in the worst-affected area of the Ya'an earthquake at 6 months, 1 year, and 18 months post-disaster. Four latent joint trajectories of PTSD and depression were identified: a chronic depression-delayed PTSD symptoms group (n = 59, 19.5%), a chronic PTSD-delayed depressive symptoms group (n = 10, 3.3%), a low-symptoms group (n = 208, 68.6%), and a chronic depression-PTSD symptoms recovery group (n = 26, 8.6%). Companionship and affirmative value were more likely to be observed in the low-symptoms group. These findings illustrate that PTSD and depression development are heterogeneously distributed, and various types of social support fill different roles in differentiating distinct joint trajectories of PTSD and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinchun Wu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Sun L, Yi B, Pan X, Wu L, Shang Z, Jia Y, Tao X, Zhao F, Xie W, Sun Z, Bai Y, Liu W. PTSD Symptoms and Sleep Quality of COVID-19 Patients During Hospitalization: An Observational Study from Two Centers. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1519-1531. [PMID: 34548832 PMCID: PMC8449687 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s317618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of COVID-19 has developed into a pandemic. Data are required that specifically address the psychological consequences in COVID-19 confirmed patients. This study mainly aimed to examine posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and sleep quality among COVID-19 confirmed patients during hospitalization. METHODS An observational study was conducted in two designated hospitals in Wuhan, China. Data were collected from 190 patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection between February 10, 2020 and March 13, 2020. RESULTS The mean age of the 190 confirmed patients was 55.7 years (SD = 13.7), of which 96 (50.5%) were female and 88 (46.3%) had family members or acquaintances infected with COVID-19. Lymphocytopenia was presented in 62 (32.6%) patients and 25 (13.2%) patients showed oxygen desaturation. The prevalence of high PTSD symptoms was 22.6% among the 190 patients. The median time from symptom onset to first medical visit and hospitalization was 2 days (IQR, 1-5) and 16 days (IQR, 10-27), respectively. Patients' PTSD symptoms were positively related to the time from symptom onset to first medical visit (r = 0.156, p < 0.05) and hospitalization (r = 0.181, p < 0.01). There were significant correlations between sleep quality and PTSD symptoms (r = 0.312-0.547, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The prevalence of high PTSD symptoms was 22.6% among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Early diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 symptoms are beneficial to infected patients both physically and psychologically. With the recovery of physical symptoms, psychological intervention is desired to promote the trauma recovery in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Sun
- Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Yi
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai; Department II of Infectious Disease, Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, 430100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Pan
- Department of Medical Psychology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Wu
- Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhilei Shang
- Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanpu Jia
- Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiandong Tao
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai; Department II of Infectious Disease, Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, 430100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Hongkou District of Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifen Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoer Sun
- Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghai Bai
- Department of Medical Psychology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weizhi Liu
- Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
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The development of prosocial behavior among adolescents: A positive psychology perspective. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hu W, Liu Y, Li J, Zhao X, Yang J. Early life stress moderated the influence of reward anticipation on acute psychosocial stress responses. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13892. [PMID: 34216019 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that reward anticipation decreases individuals' acute stress responses. However, individuals who have experienced early life stress (ELS) may have a blunted capacity for reward anticipation, which reduces its buffering effect on psychosocial stress responses. To investigate this phenomenon, 66 young adults completed the Trier Social Stress Test following a reward anticipation task, and their ELS levels were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Meanwhile, the current study collected biological and psychological measures of stress by analysing cortisol levels, heart rates, heart rate variability (HRV) as well as subjective stress levels, in response to the Trier Social Stress test. Results showed that reward anticipation successfully decreased acute stress responses in general, and it also improved participants' HRV. However, this effect was more evident in individuals with low ELS than those with high ELS. These findings help us deepen understanding of the role of reward anticipation in fostering resilience under stress and the potentially important implications for individuals who have been exposed to ELS are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Hu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yadong Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Influence of Avoidant Coping on Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Job Burnout Among Firefighters: The Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 16:1476-1481. [PMID: 34176544 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to explore the effects of avoidant coping on posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and job burnout among firefighters, and to examine the mediating role of perceived social support on the relationship between avoidant coping and PTSS and job burnout. METHOD Assessments including the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), Coping Style Inventory (CSI), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) were conducted among 431 firefighters studying in a school specializing in training firemen in Nanjing, China. RESULT The results show that: (1) Avoidant coping was positively related to PTSS and job burnout among firefighters; and (2) avoidant coping was positively related to PTSS and job burnout through the mediating effect of perceived social support. CONCLUSION These findings not only provide guiding information for relevant departments to prevent mental health issues of firefighters in the future, but also enlighten the psychological intervention for firefighters, that is, to encourage firefighters to actively face and solve problems and adopt positive coping styles, as well as offer them more care and support whenever possible.
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Xiang G, Li Q, Xiao M, He L, Chen X, Du X, Liu X, Song S, Wu Y, Chen H. Goal setting and attaining: Neural correlates of positive coping style and hope. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13887. [PMID: 34180066 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Trait hope focuses on individual goal-related thoughts and is assumed to be a critical indicator for one's mental health. However, the neurobiological basis of hope and the neurological mechanisms underlying the relationship between positive coping style (PCS) and hope (including the two dimensions of pathway thinking and agency thinking) are still largely unknown. Thus, this study explored the neural basis of trait hope by correlating the regional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) with the self-reported hope of 576 healthy first-year college students underwent RS-fMRI. Our results showed that trait hope was positively associated with PCS. A whole-brain correlation analysis provided early evidence that higher levels of trait hope were associated with decreased ALFF in the left frontal pole cortex (FPC). Additionally, pathway thinking was associated with decreased ALFF in FPC, increased ALFF in the right postcentral gyrus (PCG), decreased RSFC of the left FPC and left posterior cingulate cortex, the left FPC and right middle temporal gyrus, and the right PCG and left cerebellum. Furthermore, mediation analyses demonstrated that the PCG-cerebellum connectivity might link to pathway thinking through PCS and PCS might relate to trait hope through PCG-cerebellum connectivity. Our findings contribute to the neurobiological basis of hope and the neural mechanism underlying the relationship between trait hope and coping style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Xiang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Li He
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Ximei Chen
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Du
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiqing Song
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
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Feng L, Yin R. Social Support and Hope Mediate the Relationship Between Gratitude and Depression Among Front-Line Medical Staff During the Pandemic of COVID-19. Front Psychol 2021; 12:623873. [PMID: 33776846 PMCID: PMC7987792 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.623873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has burdened an unprecedented psychological stress on the front-line medical staff, who are at high risk of depression. While existing studies and theories suggest that factors such as gratitude, social support, and hope play a role in the risk of depression, few studies have combined these factors to explore the relationship between them. OBJECTIVE This study examined the mediating roles of social support and hope in the relationship between gratitude and depression among front-line medical staff during the pandemic of COVID-19. METHODS This study used the Gratitude Questionnaire, the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the State Hope Scale (SHS), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to examine the gratitude, social support, hope, and depression among 344 front-line medical workers in Wuhan, which was the hardest-hit area of COVID-19 in China. RESULTS The results showed that the prevalence of mild depressive disorder was 40.12% and the prevalence of major depressive disorder was 9.59% among front-line medical staff during the pandemic of COVID-19; gratitude has a direct and negative effect on depression. Gratitude was negative predictors of depression through the mediating variables of social support and hope [β gratitude - social support - depression = -0.096, 95%CI(-0.129 to -0.064); β gratitude - hope - depression = -0.034, 95%CI(-0.055 to -0.013)], as well as via an indirect path from social support to hope [β gratitude - social support - hope - depression = -0.089, 95%CI (-0.108 to -0.070)]. CONCLUSION The study findings indicate that gratitude as a positive emotion can reduce depression in medical staff by promoting social support and hope, respectively. Gratitude also reduced depression in health care workers through a chain mediating effect of social support and hope. Overall, gratitude can directly foster social support and hope, and protect people from stress and depression, which has implications for clinical interventions among front-line medical staff during the pandemic of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Feng
- Student Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Yin
- Department of Neurology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Lanzhou, China
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Moderating Roles of Social Support in the Association between Hope and Life Satisfaction among Ethnic Minority College Students in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052298. [PMID: 33652641 PMCID: PMC7956686 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ethnic minority college students in China are Chinese students who migrate from ethnic minority-dominant areas to Han-dominant areas to attend college. Acculturative stress would lead to maladjustments for ethnic minority college students in China, such as low levels of life satisfaction. To help improve the life satisfaction of these students, this study adopted resilience theory to explore the beneficial effects of hope and social support and their influencing mechanisms. The participants included 362 ethnic minority college students in Beijing, China, and a questionnaire method was used. The results indicated that Han social support had a promotive effect on life satisfaction, while hope did not have a promotive effect on life satisfaction. Moreover, Han social support moderated the relationship between hope and life satisfaction. Specifically, the effect of hope on life satisfaction was stronger under the condition of a higher level of Han social support compared with those under a lower level of Han social support. In conclusion, Han social support can play a promotive effect individually, while hope only affected life satisfaction when a high level of Han social support existed. Han social support should be strengthened to improve the life satisfaction among ethnic minority college students in China.
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Chen Y, Huang X, Zhang C, An Y, Liang Y, Yang Y, Liu Z. Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in China. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:80. [PMID: 33557776 PMCID: PMC7868672 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected more than 5 million people around the world and killed more than 300,000 people; thus, it has become a global public health emergency. Our objective was to investigate the mental health of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19. METHODS The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Trauma Exposure Scale, abbreviated version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and Demographic Questionnaire were used to examine posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, trauma exposure, resilience and perceived social support among 898 patients who were hospitalized after being diagnosed with COVID-19 in China. The data were analyzed with t tests, one-way ANOVA and multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The results showed that the prevalence of PTSD, depression and anxiety was 13.2, 21.0 and 16.4%, respectively. Hospitalized patients who were more impacted by negative news reports, had greater exposure to traumatic experiences, and had lower levels of perceived social support reported higher PTSD, depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Effective professional mental health services should be designed to support the psychological wellbeing of hospitalized patients, especially those who have severe disease, are strongly affected by negative news and have high levels of exposure to trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, East District of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Feidong People's Hospital), Feidong, China
| | - Yuanyuan An
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiming Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Seol JH, Park Y, Choi J, Sohn YW. The Mediating Role of Meaning in Life in the Effects of Calling on Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Growth: A Longitudinal Study of Navy Soldiers Deployed to the Gulf of Aden. Front Psychol 2021; 11:599109. [PMID: 33574782 PMCID: PMC7870474 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.599109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the mediating role of meaning in life in the effect of calling on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among navy soldiers of the Republic of Korea deployed to the Gulf of Aden, Somalia. Participants responded to the questionnaire survey three times (pre-deployment, deployment, and post-deployment) at 4-month intervals. From the first, second, and third surveys, data were collected for 223, 195, and 103 respondents, respectively. Results showed that calling had a negative effect on PTSD, fully mediated by meaning in life, whereas calling had a positive effect on PTG, partially mediated by meaning in life. Our findings suggest that calling acts as a positive psychological resource for maintaining the meaning in life throughout stressful events experienced during deployment, thereby reducing posttraumatic stress symptoms and promoting post-deployment psychological growth. Finally, theoretical and practical implications and the need for follow-up studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Young Woo Sohn
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Zhang Y, Cui C, Wang L, Yu X, Wang Y, Wang X. The Mediating Role of Hope in the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Chinese Patients with Oral Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:393-401. [PMID: 33488121 PMCID: PMC7814276 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s281886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer diagnosis and treatment are long-term traumatic stressors. Depression and anxiety are known to be prevalent in patients with cancer, but post-traumatic disorder (PTSD) has been overlooked frequently in this population. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of PTSD and examined the mediating role of hope in the relationship between perceived stress and PTSD symptoms in Chinese patients with oral cancer. METHODS A total of 230 oral cancer patients were recruited to complete a questionnaire including the Posttraumatic Stress Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and the Herth Hope Index (HHI). Analysis of variances (ANOVA)/t-test, Person's r and hierarchical linear regression analysis methods were conducted to assess the associations among perceived stress, hope and PTSD symptoms. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were used to explore the mediating role of hope. RESULTS The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was 6.05% in Chinese patients with oral cancer. Perceived stress was positively related to PTSD symptoms, explaining 39.9% of the variance. In addition, hope was negatively related to PTSD symptoms, explaining 5.9% of the variance. Besides, the proportion of mediation of hope was 30.06%. CONCLUSION Perceived stress was positively associated with PTSD symptoms, and hope was negatively associated with PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, hope played partial mediating role in the relationship between perceived stress and PTSD symptoms. Thus, more attention should be paid to patients' PTSD status, and take measures is to relieve stress and increase hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunying Cui
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lie Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Yu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Wang
- Medical Basic Experimental Teaching Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
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Shi J, Chen Y, Li X, An Y. Predicting Posttraumatic Stress and Depression Symptoms Among Frontline Firefighters in China. J Nerv Ment Dis 2021; 209:23-27. [PMID: 33075018 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence and comorbidity rate of potential posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in frontline firefighters in China, as well as to analyze the related predictive factors for PTSD and depression, our study included 261 firefighters who completed assessments including the Demographic Data Forum, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Chinese version of Perceived Stress Scale, and Perceived Social Support Scale. Among the participants, 1.9% and 11.9% were identified as having potential PTSD and depression, respectively. There was a 9.1% chance of comorbid PTSD among the depressed firefighters and a 60% chance of comorbid depression among the firefighters with PTSD. Perceived stress positively predicted both PTSD and depression; perceived social support negatively predicted both PTSD and depression. Whereas family exogenous support predicted both PTSD and depression, family endogenous support only predicted depression. In addition, PTSD was predicted by rank. Soldiers and sergeants demonstrated higher level of PTSD than officers. Future studies on mental health of firefighters should take factors like perceived stress, social support, and rank into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Shi
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yaru Chen
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois
| | - Yuanyuan An
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
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Sun Y, Lin SY, Chung KKH. University Students' Perceived Peer Support and Experienced Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Emotional Well-Being. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9308. [PMID: 33322751 PMCID: PMC7763059 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected individuals' mental health. Social isolation as a result of social distancing during the pandemic potentially affects the associations among perceived available peer support, emotional well-being, and depression in university students. The present study examined the associations among university students' perceived available peer support, emotional well-being (as indicated negatively by loneliness and negative affects and positively by positive affects and hope), and depressive symptoms. During the third wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in July, 2020, 255 students at a public university in Hong Kong participated in an online-based survey that assessed their perceived available peer support, emotional well-being, and depressive symptoms. Results showed that perceived available peer support negatively contributed to depressive symptoms; both negative and positive indicators of emotional well-being mediated the association between perceived available peer support and depressive symptoms. Our results also suggested that university students showed signs of elevated depressive symptoms during the pandemic. Thus, our study advanced the theoretical understanding of university students' mental health in the time of a global pandemic. Our study also highlighted the practical needs for preventive efforts and accessible care to support the psychological and emotional needs of young people during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.S.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Shiang-Yi Lin
- Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.S.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Kevin Kien Hoa Chung
- Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.S.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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