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Chen J, Cheng X, Wang Q, Wang R, Zhang J, Liu J. Childhood maltreatment predicts poor sleep quality in Chinese adults: The influence of coping style tendencies. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:366-372. [PMID: 39029677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This longitudinal study assessed the prospective link between childhood maltreatment and sleep quality in adulthood, with a specific focus on examining whether different coping style tendencies influence these associations. METHODS The baseline sample included 1600 adult participants, with 1140 participants successfully followed up 5 years later. The key variables were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Generalized linear mixed models were employed to estimate unstandardized β estimates and 95 % confidence intervals (95%CIs). Structural equation modeling was used to test the mediation model. RESULTS Individuals reported childhood maltreatment at baseline were at an increased risk for sleep disturbances at follow-up. Childhood maltreatment negatively predicted the baseline coping style tendency (β = -0.29, P < 0.001), the baseline coping style tendencies negatively predicted the follow-up sleep quality (β = -0.10, P < 0.001), and childhood maltreatment positively predicted the follow-up sleep quality (β = 0.42, P < 0.01). The mediating effect of baseline coping style tendencies between childhood maltreatment and the follow-up sleep quality was significant, with an effect value of 0.03. LIMITATIONS First, the sample was from a single province (Shandong), which limits the generalizability of the findings. Second, recall bias was unavoidable in this adult sample study. CONCLUSIONS Developing positive coping strategies is an important way to reduce the risk of sleep problems in adults with a history of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- Institute of Mental Health, Occupational Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Occupational Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruzhan Wang
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Bornscheuer L, Gauffin K, Almquist YB. Mapping resilience: a scoping review on mediators and moderators of childhood adversity with a focus on gender patterns. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080259. [PMID: 39313285 PMCID: PMC11429260 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversity is associated with a host of negative health and socioeconomic outcomes far into adulthood. The process of avoiding such outcomes is often referred to as resilience. Mapping resilience comprehensively and across contexts is highly relevant to public health, as it is a step towards understanding environments and interventions that contribute to preventing or reversing negative outcomes after early adverse experiences. OBJECTIVES This review scoped out the literature on resilience factors in relation to adulthood outcomes as diverse as mental health and educational attainment. Our aim was to understand where there is untapped research potential, by examining the current evidence base on resilience factors in terms of (a) resources that can buffer the impact of childhood adversity and (b) the pathways linking adversity to long-term outcomes. Furthermore, we aimed to identify gender patterns in these resources and pathways, which has not been a primary interest of reviews on resilience to date, and which can add to our understanding of the different ways in which resilience may unfold. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies had to include an adversity experienced in childhood, an outcome considered indicative of resilience in adulthood, and at least one putative resilience factor, which had to be approached via mediation or moderation analysis. We considered cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE We searched PubMed, Scopus and PsycINFO and included original, peer-reviewed articles published before 20 July 2023 in English, German, French, Spanish, Dutch and Swedish. CHARTING METHODS All three authors collaborated on the extraction of information relevant to answering the research questions. The results were visually and narratively summarised. RESULTS We included 102 studies. Traditionally anchored in the field of psychology, the resilience literature focuses heavily on individual-level resilience factors. Gender was considered in approximately 22% of included studies and was always limited to comparisons between men and women. There is no evidence that childhood adversity impacts men and women differently in the long term, but there is some evidence for gender differences in resilience factors. CONCLUSIONS There is untapped potential in resilience research. By considering structural-level factors simultaneously with individual-level factors, and including gender as one of the elements that shape resilience, we can map resilience as a heterogeneous, multilevel process from a public health perspective. This would complement the extensive existing literature on individual-level factors and help reframe resilience as a concept that can be intervened on at a structural level, and that is subject to societal norms and forces, such as gender. There is a lack of quantitative studies including transgender and gender-non-conforming persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bornscheuer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Gauffin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva B Almquist
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bahri MRZ, Tayim N, Fakhrou A, Davoudi M. Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Gambling Severity in Youth Online Gamblers: The Mediating Roles of Internalizing, Attention and Externalizing Problems. J Gambl Stud 2024; 40:1559-1573. [PMID: 38802628 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the association between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Gambling Severity (gambling severity), considering the mediating roles of internalizing, externalizing, and attention among youth online gamblers. METHODS 762 youth (agemean±SD= 15.03 ± 2.40; agerange = 10-18 years; 75.3% boys) completed the Persian Gambling Disorder Screening Questionnaire (GDSQ-P), Pediatric Symptom Checklist - Youth Report (Y-PSC), and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Questionnaire (ACE's section, modified by authors). The analysis was done using the SMART PLS software. RESULTS The reliability and discriminant validity of the provided model were assessed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). According to the results of the PLS-SEM analysis, the present model demonstrated suitable levels of reliability and validity. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) significantly affected attention, internalizing, externalizing problems, and gambling severity. Additionally, the level of gambling was directly correlated with ACEs. Moreover, the indirect influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable via the mediators was found to be statistically significant (P < .001).These findings suggest that externalizing behaviors, attention problems, and internalizing symptoms mediate the effect of ACEs on gambling severity. Lastly, fitness indices indicated that our proposed model fit the data well (SRMR = 0.06, d_ULS = 1.15, Chi-square = 1291.461, and NFI = 0.71). CONCLUSION Our study found that ACEs significantly influence gambling severity among youth online gamblers, with internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems mediating this relationship. Practical implications include integrating ACE screening and targeted interventions for associated mental health issues into youth gambling prevention programs to mitigate the risk of problematic gambling behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Tayim
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulnaser Fakhrou
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammadreza Davoudi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gasik RE, Madkour AS, Skeen SJ, Clum G, Francis T, Felker-Kantor E, Ferguson T, Welsh DA, Molina PE, Theall KP. The Impact of Childhood Adversity on Life Course Alcohol Use Patterns and Health Status Among People Living with HIV. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:2887-2898. [PMID: 38907764 PMCID: PMC11390825 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and financial hardship are associated with increased likelihood of heavier alcohol use and health challenges in adulthood among persons living with HIV (PWH). We examined whether retrospectively captured lifetime drinking trajectories are a pathway through which childhood hardships affect current health in a sample of 365 adult PWH. Childhood economic hardship and ACEs were used as main predictors. Measures of alcohol use included age at first drink and lifetime drinking trajectories. Health indicators included health-related quality of life, frailty, number of comorbidities, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to estimate both direct and indirect pathways between childhood hardship and physical and mental health. Participants were mostly male; Black (84%); and averaged 48 years of age. SEM results supported both direct and indirect pathways between childhood experiences and adult health. ACEs were connected to physical health directly and mental health both directly and indirectly through age at first drink and drinking heaviness during ages 10-20. Childhood economic hardship related to mental health indirectly through higher drinking levels during ages 10-20. Childhood adverse experiences, economic hardship, and early drinking patterns appear to accumulate, resulting in later life physical and mental health concerns for PWH. Findings support taking a life course approach to health. This includes considering individual trauma histories in HIV care engagement and taking preventative approaches which support the economic and social well-being of vulnerable children to improve health in subsequent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayna E Gasik
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | | | - Simone J Skeen
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gretchen Clum
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Erica Felker-Kantor
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tekeda Ferguson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David A Welsh
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Katherine P Theall
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Deng X, Xie M, Wang Y, Cai J, Zou M, Wang Q. Adverse childhood experiences and cognitive function in later life: the sequential mediating roles of education level and adult loneliness. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1409966. [PMID: 39081358 PMCID: PMC11288197 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1409966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study assesses the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on the cognitive function of older adults. Furthermore, it examines the potential underlying mechanism involving education level and the subjective "feeling of loneliness" (FOL). Methods Analyzing a population-based cohort sample from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study database, 8,365 subjects aged 45 or older were interviewed in 2018. Ten ACEs indicators were measured using life history questionnaires assessed at 2014. FOL was assessed using a single item from 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Cognitive function was assessed using a structured questionnaire comprising four dimensions: memory, orientation, computation, and visuospatial abilities. Results In the fully adjusted model, which accounted for age, gender, marital status, smoke, drink, rural residence, and education levels of both mothers and fathers, the linear regression analysis indicated that ACEs were inversely associated the lower education level (B = -0.058, 95% CI = -0.090, -0.026, p < 0.001), and ACEs were found to be linked to an elevated risk of FOL (B = 0.072, 95% CI = 0.056, 0.089, p < 0.001). In addition, ACEs was not significantly associated with cognitive function (B = -0.047, 95% CI = -0.108, 0.015, p = 0.136), but FOL was significantly associated with cognitive function (B = -0.483, 95% CI = -0.561, -0.404, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that education level and FOL sequentially and partially mediated the association between ACEs and the total cognitive score, with a proportion mediated of 52.58%. Limitations The evaluation of ACEs exposure was based on binary response options. This method limited our ability to explore various dimensions of adversity, such as ages of occurrence, severity, frequency, duration, and the extent of psychological effects at the time. Furthermore, the assessment of loneliness relied on a single item from the CESD-10, introducing a potential source of measurement error. Conclusion Our study unveils a substantial association between ACEs and education level, as well as with FOL and cognitive function in the older adults. Moreover, education level and FOL serve as sequential mediating factors in the relationship between ACEs and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Deng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Xie
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Cai
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
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Haczkewicz KM, Shahid S, Finnegan HA, Moninn C, Cameron CD, Gallant NL. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), resilience, and outcomes in older adulthood: A scoping review. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024:106864. [PMID: 38926006 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has demonstrated a dose-response relationship between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adverse outcomes in adulthood. Despite widely known associations, previous reviews have primarily focused on outcomes in younger and middle-aged adults exposed to ACEs to the exclusion of older adults and do not consider the potential role of resilience for understanding outcomes in older adulthood. OBJECTIVE The present scoping review aimed to examine the extent and nature of existing literature on the influence of ACEs and resilience on the cognitive, physical, mental, and social health outcomes among older adults. METHODS We conducted a search of five electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, AgeLine, Scopus) using the following keywords: adversity, resilience, aging, and older adults. We limited our inclusion criteria to works published in English or French after 1998 as Felitti et al. published the first study describing ACEs in this year. RESULTS Of the 4926 studies screened, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, results from the included studies indicated that exposure to adversity during childhood was associated with worse outcomes in older adulthood. Additionally, we found that resilience and resiliency-related factors (e.g., problem-focused coping strategies) mitigated or reduced harms associated with ACEs to improve outcomes in older adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to ACEs is associated with reduced functioning in later adulthood. Findings from this review indicate a need for further exploration into the role of ACEs, and the potential effects of resilience, on health outcomes in older adults to develop better individual- and population-level interventions for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Haczkewicz
- Department of Psychology and Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Sheza Shahid
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Heather A Finnegan
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba (Bannatyne Campus), 771 Bannatyne Avenue, Canada
| | - Caroline Moninn
- Neil John Maclean Health Sciences Library, University of Manitoba, 727 McDermot Ave, R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - Courtney D Cameron
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Natasha L Gallant
- Department of Psychology and Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, S4S 0A2, Canada.
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Ye C, Ye B, Zhang Z. The relationship between unpredictability in childhood and depression among college students: the mediating roles of coping style and resilience. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:333. [PMID: 38845034 PMCID: PMC11157934 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to previous studies, unpredictability in childhood could significantly increase the risk of depression in adulthood. Only a few studies have explored the relationship between these two variables in China. This paper aims to explore the relationship between unpredictability in childhood and depression and examine the mediating roles of coping styles and resilience. METHODS We investigated 601 college students, who had an average age of 19.09 (SD = 2.78) years. Participants completed questionnaires regarding unpredictability in childhood, coping style, resilience, and depression. We analyzed survey data using the bias-corrected bootstrap method. RESULTS The findings revealed a significant positive association between unpredictability in childhood and depression among college students. Mature coping style, immature coping style, and resilience were found to mediate this relationship independently. Furthermore, the study unveiled a serial mediation process, wherein both mature and immature coping styles, followed by resilience, sequentially mediate the relationship between unpredictability in childhood and depression, underscoring the complex interplay between these variables. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the risk of depression among college students who have experienced unpredictable childhood should be valued. Attention to coping styles and resilience should be paid to decrease depression among college students who have experienced unpredictable childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiu Ye
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baojuan Ye
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
- School of Physical Education, School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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St-Arnaud V, Chicoine AX, Tardif JC, Busseuil D, D’Antono B. Childhood Maltreatment and Body Mass Index in Older Adults With Chronic Illness. CJC PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2024; 3:87-97. [PMID: 39070955 PMCID: PMC11282884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjcpc.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Background Childhood trauma has been associated with greater psychological and physical morbidity, including a greater risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD). Emotional dysregulation and increased body mass index (BMI) may be involved. This study evaluated whether (1) childhood maltreatment is associated with a higher BMI at study onset and with greater increases in BMI 5 years later among older adults with CAD or other chronic illnesses; (2) sex and/or CAD status moderate these results; and (3) baseline symptoms of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress (emotional dysregulation) mediate the association between childhood maltreatment and BMI at follow-up. Methods A total of 1232 men and women (aged 60.86 [6.95] years) completed validated questionnaires on childhood maltreatment and symptoms of psychological distress. The weight and height of the participant were measured, and the BMI was calculated using the weight (kg)/height (m2) ratio. Results Childhood maltreatment was not significantly associated with BMI at study onset nor at follow-up. This relation did not differ as a function of sex nor CAD status. Although childhood maltreatment was associated with significantly greater psychological distress at study onset (all P < 0.001), there latter was not found to mediate the relation between maltreatment and change in BMI at follow-up. Conclusions In contrast to previous literature, childhood maltreatment was not associated with BMI nor with the change in BMI over 5 years in men and women with chronic disease. However, as psychological distress increases risk for morbidity and mortality, it may represent an important target for prevention and intervention in survivors of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki St-Arnaud
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ann Xiuli Chicoine
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - David Busseuil
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bianca D’Antono
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Vasupanrajit A, Maes M, Jirakran K, Tunvirachaisakul C. Complex Intersections Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Negative Life Events Impact the Phenome of Major Depression. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:2161-2178. [PMID: 38826678 PMCID: PMC11144407 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s458257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and negative life events (NLEs) are associated with major depression (MDD). Purpose To determine whether ACEs affect all features of mild MDD, including suicidal tendencies, brooding, neuroticism, insomnia, cognitive deficits, severity of depression and anxiety, and cognitive deficits, and whether NLEs mediate these effects. Sample of the Study and Methods This study examines a cohort of 118 academic students, namely 74 students who satisfied the DSM-5-TR criteria for MDD and 44 normal control students. We assessed brooding, neuroticism, suicidal ideation and attempts, and the severity of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and the Stroop tests. Results One validated factor could be extracted from brooding, neuroticism, current suicidal behaviors, and the severity of depression, anxiety, and insomnia, labeled the phenome of depression. A large part of the variance in the phenome of depression (55.0%) was explained by the combined effects of self-, relationships, and academic-related NLEs in conjunction with ACEs, including family dysfunction and abuse and neglect (both physical and emotional). The latter ACEs significantly interacted (moderating effect) with NLEs to impact the depression phenome. Although sexual abuse did not have direct effects on the phenome, its effects were mediated by NLEs. We discovered that increased sexual abuse, physical and emotional abuse and neglect, and ACEs related to family dysfunction predicted 22.5% of the variance in NLEs. Up to 18.5% of the variance in the Stroop test scores was explained by sexual abuse and the phenome of depression. The latter mediated the effects of NLEs and abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction on the Stroop test scores. Conclusion Complex intersections between ACEs and NLEs impact the phenome of depression, which comprises neuroticism, brooding, suicidal tendencies, and the severity of insomnia, anxiety, and depression, while sexual abuse together with other ACEs and NLEs may impact cognitive interference inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asara Vasupanrajit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Ph.D.Program in Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Ph.D.Program in Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Excellence in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cognitive Fitness and Biopsychological Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ketsupar Jirakran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Ph.D.Program in Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Maximizing Children’s Developmental Potential, Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Ph.D.Program in Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Assefa Fentahun B, Belete Mossie T, Damtew Hailu R, Bete T, Moges Demeke S. Adverse childhood experiences among people with schizophrenia at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: a comparative study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1387833. [PMID: 38835545 PMCID: PMC11148370 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1387833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background People who have encountered adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are predisposed to developing schizophrenia, experiencing exacerbated symptoms, and facing an elevated risk of disease relapse. It is imperative to evaluate the prevalence of ACEs to comprehend the specific attributes of this condition and enable the implementation of suitable interventions. Aims The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ACEs and its determinants among people with schizophrenia and the patient attendants in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Method A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out at the Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, from April 26 to June 10, 2023. A total of 291 individuals with schizophrenia and 293 individuals from the patient attendants were selected using a systematic random sampling method. A proportional odds model ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with ACEs. Results The occurrence of at least one ACE among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia was 69.4%, while patient attendants had a 46.8%, as indicated by the Chi-square test, which showed a significant difference at p <0.05. The study findings indicated that individuals with schizophrenia who have encountered four or more ACEs are more inclined to have lower educational attainment (AOR: 4.69 [1.94 - 11.61]), low resilient coping mechanisms (AOR: 2.07 [1.11 - 3.90]), and poor social support (AOR: 3.93 [2.13 - 7.32]). Conversely, factors such as rural residency, illiteracy, and heightened attachment-related anxiety were found to be notably associated with the patient attendants. Conclusion In this study, the substantial prevalence of ACEs emphasized the necessity for ACE screening and the implementation of evidence-based interventions to address and alleviate the overall burden of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birhanu Assefa Fentahun
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Belete Mossie
- Department of Psychiatry, College Medical and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Rekik Damtew Hailu
- Department of Psychiatry, College Medical and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Bete
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Zhang Y, Lin C, Li H, Li L, Zhou X, Xiong Y, Yan J, Xie M, Zhang X, Zhou C, Yang L. The relationship between childhood adversity and sleep quality among rural older adults in China: the mediating role of anxiety and negative coping. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:346. [PMID: 38720293 PMCID: PMC11077779 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have revealed the effects of childhood adversity, anxiety, and negative coping on sleep quality in older adults, but few studies have focused on the association between childhood adversity and sleep quality in rural older adults and the potential mechanisms of this influence. In this study, we aim to evaluate sleep quality in rural older adults, analyze the impact of adverse early experiences on their sleep quality, and explore whether anxiety and negative coping mediate this relationship. METHODS Data were derived from a large cross-sectional study conducted in Deyang City, China, which recruited 6,318 people aged 65 years and older. After excluding non-agricultural household registration and lack of key information, a total of 3,873 rural older adults were included in the analysis. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationship between childhood adversity and sleep quality, and the mediating role of anxiety and negative coping. RESULTS Approximately 48.15% of rural older adults had poor sleep quality, and older adults who were women, less educated, widowed, or living alone or had chronic illnesses had poorer sleep quality. Through structural equation model fitting, the total effect value of childhood adversity on sleep quality was 0.208 (95% CI: 0.146, 0.270), with a direct effect value of 0.066 (95% CI: 0.006, 0.130), accounting for 31.73% of the total effect; the total indirect effect value was 0.142 (95% CI: 0.119, 0.170), accounting for 68.27% of the total effect. The mediating effects of childhood adversity on sleep quality through anxiety and negative coping were significant, with effect values of 0.096 (95% CI: 0.078, 0.119) and 0.024 (95% CI: 0.014, 0.037), respectively. The chain mediating effect of anxiety and negative coping between childhood adversity and sleep quality was also significant, with an effect value of 0.022 (95% CI: 0.017, 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Anxiety and negative coping were important mediating factors for rural older adult's childhood adversity and sleep quality. This suggests that managing anxiety and negative coping in older adults may mitigate the negative effects of childhood adversity on sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengwei Lin
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6, Zhongxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Deyang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Centre for Aging Health Service of Deyang City, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Health Commission of Deyang City, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Jin Yan
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengxue Xie
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Health Information Center, Chengdu, 610015, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research,School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine,Shandong University, NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Lian Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Landa-Blanco M, Vásquez G, Portillo G, Sproviero F, Echenique Y. The impact of adverse childhood experiences on mental health, sexual risk behaviors, and alcohol consumption in adulthood. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1352824. [PMID: 38659462 PMCID: PMC11039929 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1352824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine how Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) relate to adulthood flourishing, symptoms of depression, anxiety, somatization, self-reported health, sexual risk behaviors, and alcohol consumption. A quantitative cross-sectional methodology was used. A total of 452 adults completed the survey. The most prevalent ACE include physical abuse (44.69%), separation/divorce of parents (41.81%), living with someone with alcohol problems (39.38%), and being sworn, insulted, or humiliated by adults at home (35.62%). Almost one out of every four respondents (24.34%) reported being touched by an adult, 17.92% reported that an adult tried to manipulate the respondent into touching them, and 8.19% were forced to have sexual intercourse. Results indicate that women reported a higher number of ACE than men. The number of ACE is inversely related to flourishing and self-reported health; while being positively associated with participant's scores in depression, anxiety, somatization, sexual risk behaviors, and alcohol use. The regression model, including the eleven ACE and respondents' sex and age, achieved medium effect sizes for somatization, depression, and anxiety symptoms and small effect sizes for flourishing, self-reported health, sexual risk behaviors, and alcohol consumption. Specific ACE have a particularly significant negative impact on mental health outcomes: forced intercourse, witnessing familial violence, verbal humiliation, and living with individuals struggling with mental health issues and drug consumption or who were incarcerated. In conclusion, the study highlights the alarming prevalence of ACE among the Honduran population and their significant negative impact on mental health outcomes during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Landa-Blanco
- School of Psychological Sciences, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
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Dlamini SN, Mtintsilana A, Craig A, Mapanga W, Norris SA. Food insecurity and coping strategies associate with higher risk of anxiety and depression among South African households with children. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e116. [PMID: 38576137 PMCID: PMC11036448 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate food insecurity and related coping strategies, and their associations with the risk of anxiety and depression, among South African households with children. DESIGN Nationally representative cross-sectional study. Tools for assessing food insecurity, coping strategies, risk of anxiety and depression were assessed from the Community Childhood Hunger Identification Project, Coping Strategies Index, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. We used ordered logistic regression to test associations of food insecurity and coping strategies with the risk of anxiety and depression. Moderating effects of each coping strategy were tested in the associations of food insecurity with anxiety and depression. SETTING South Africa, post COVID-19 restrictions, May-June 2022. PARTICIPANTS 1,774 adults, weighted to 20,955,234 households. RESULTS Food insecurity prevalence was 23·7 % among households with children. All coping strategies were used to some extent, but relying on less preferred and less expensive foods was the most used strategy (85·5 % of food-insecure households). Moving to a higher level of food insecurity was associated with >1·6 greater odds of being in a higher risk of anxiety and depression. Sending a household member to beg for food was the strongest associated factor (OR = 1·7, P < 0·001). All coping strategies partly moderated (lessened) the associations of food insecurity with a higher risk of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity among households with children was high following the COVID-19 pandemic. Collaborative efforts between government, private sector and civil society to eradicate food insecurity should prioritise poorer households with children, as these populations are the most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siphiwe N Dlamini
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University
of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South
Africa
| | - Asanda Mtintsilana
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University
of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South
Africa
| | - Ashleigh Craig
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of
Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Witness Mapanga
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of
Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa
- Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences,
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of
Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Human Development and Health, University of
Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Ashour R, Halstead EJ, Mangar S, Lin VKQ, Azhari A, Carollo A, Esposito G, Threadgold L, Dimitriou D. Childhood experiences and sleep problems: A cross-sectional study on the indirect relationship mediated by stress, resilience and anxiety. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299057. [PMID: 38507345 PMCID: PMC10954170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood experiences either adverse (ACE) or benevolent (BCE) can indirectly impact sleep quality in adult life, which in turn are modulated by the interplay of a variety of factors such as depression, anxiety, resilience and mental health problems. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted across the UK and the Middle Eastern countries during the COVID-pandemic on 405 participants. An online survey used a combination of questionnaires to assess ACE and BCEs. The following tools were then used to assess the contribution of resilience, stress, depression and anxiety respectively: Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and General Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) scale on childhood experiences. The extent of sleep disturbances experienced over a period of seven days was assessed using the PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Short-Form Tool. A serial-parallel mediation model was used to evaluate the impact of the mediators on childhood experiences and sleep quality. RESULTS Over 50% of the cohort were from Middle Eastern countries. Four or more BCEs were experienced by 94.3% of the cohort. In contrast, 67.9% of participants experienced at least one ACE before the age of 18 years, with moderate levels of stress, mild depression and anxiety were reported in 3.7%, 13% and 20% of participants respectively. Whilst 25.4% of participants reported having had four or more ACEs, with higher reports in the middle easter countries (32%). ACEs were found to correlate with sleep disturbance whilst BCEs showed an inverse correlation. The relationship between ACE and sleep disturbances was shown to be mediated by stress, and anxiety, but not by resilience or depression. Resilience and stress, and resilience and anxiety serially mediated the interaction between ACE and sleep disturbance. With regards to BCE, an inverse association with sleep disturbance was recorded with similar mediators of stress and anxiety observed. CONCLUSION This study confirms the negative effects of ACEs, and the positive effects of BCEs on sleep in adulthood which are both mediated predominantly by psychological resilience, anxiety and stress. Strategies aimed at improving psychological resilience as well as addressing stress and anxiety may help improve sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola Ashour
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, Psychology and Human Development, UCL-Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
- Psychology and Human Development Department, UCL, IOE Faculty of Education and Society, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J. Halstead
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, Psychology and Human Development, UCL-Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
- Psychology and Human Development Department, UCL, IOE Faculty of Education and Society, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Mangar
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, Psychology and Human Development, UCL-Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
- Psychology and Human Development Department, UCL, IOE Faculty of Education and Society, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Khoo Qi Lin
- Psychology Programme, School of Humanities and Behavioural Sciences, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Atiqah Azhari
- Psychology Programme, School of Humanities and Behavioural Sciences, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Laura Threadgold
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, Psychology and Human Development, UCL-Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
- Psychology and Human Development Department, UCL, IOE Faculty of Education and Society, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dagmara Dimitriou
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, Psychology and Human Development, UCL-Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
- Psychology and Human Development Department, UCL, IOE Faculty of Education and Society, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Daurio AM, Taylor J. Daily general discrimination predicts changes in trait negative affectivity: A 30-year cohort longitudinal study using a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model. J Pers 2024. [PMID: 38462941 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence indicates discrimination is an emerging risk factor for reducing psychological well-being. Negative affectivity is a personality trait that has been associated with discrimination. Yet, few studies to date have examined the longitudinal relationship between discrimination and personality. The current study addresses this gap by examining how general discrimination and negative affectivity influence each other longitudinally. METHOD The Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) dataset was used for the current study. The MIDUS sample (N = 4244) was predominately white (90.7%), 52% female, and had an average age of 46 years old. Individuals completed follow-up measures 10 and 20 years after baseline. Data were analyzed using a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model. RESULTS Individuals that scored higher on trait negative affectivity also tended to score higher on perceived daily discrimination. We found general perceived discrimination at age 55 unidirectionally predicted changes in negative affectivity around retirement age, but not from age 45 to 55. In contrast, negative affectivity did not significantly predict increases in perceived discrimination at any timepoint. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that perceived discrimination has pernicious impacts on well-being up to a decade later and may do so by increasing an individual's tendency to experience negative emotions (i.e., negative affectivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Daurio
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jeanette Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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16
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Oláh B, Fekete Z, Kuritárné Szabó I, Kovács-Tóth B. Validity and reliability of the 10-Item Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-10) among adolescents in the child welfare system. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1258798. [PMID: 38045975 PMCID: PMC10691263 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1258798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple evidence suggests that the vast majority of children in the Child Welfare System (CWS) are victims of early, chronic, and multiple adverse childhood experiences. However, the 10-item version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-10) has never been tested in such a particularly vulnerable population as adolescents living in the CWS. We aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the ACE-10 in a community sample of 240 Hungarian adolescents placed in family style group care (FGC) setting. Methods Demographic data, the 10-item version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-10), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and the HBSC Bullying Measure were used. Results Our results showed acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.701) and item-total correlations (rpb = 0.25-0.65, p < 0.001). However, our results also reflect that item 6 ("Parental separation/divorce") is weakly correlated with both the cumulative ACE score and the rest of the questionnaire items. When item 6 is removed, the 9-item version of the ACE produces more favorable consistency results (α = 0.729). Strong and significant associations of the cumulative ACE score with emotional and behavioral symptoms and bully victimization confirm the concurrent criterion validity of both versions of the instrument. Discussion Our findings suggest that ACE-9 and ACE-10 are viable screening tools for adverse childhood experiences in the CWS contributing to the advancement of trauma-informed care. We recommend considering the use of either the 9-item or the 10- item version in the light of the characteristics of the surveyed population. The implications and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabás Oláh
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Fekete
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Kuritárné Szabó
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Kovács-Tóth
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
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Sebalo I, Königová MP, Sebalo Vňuková M, Anders M, Ptáček R. The Associations of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) With Substance Use in Young Adults: A Systematic Review. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231193914. [PMID: 38025908 PMCID: PMC10631312 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231193914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Young adulthood is a transitional period between adolescence and adulthood. Due to the unique pressures of taking on a new social role and associated uncertainties, young adults are at heightened risk for drug and alcohol use. Furthermore, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increases the likelihood of using maladaptive coping strategies such as using substances to avoid or soothe negative emotions. The current review aimed to summarize the associations between exposure to ACEs before the age of 18 years and subsequent drug or alcohol use between the ages of 18 and 25 years. Methods The review was performed in accordance with the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search of the Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases was conducted in February 2022. Results The initial search yielded 7178 articles, with 777 duplicates. Consequently, 6401 titles were inspected for relevance. After reading the full text, 88 articles were included in the review. Conclusion This review provides clear evidence that exposure to multiple ACEs is a robust risk factor for the use of alcohol, cannabis and other drugs by young adults. Poor self-regulation and maladaptive coping strategies were identified as mechanisms explaining this link; however, further detailed research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sebalo
- Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michaela Poslt Königová
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Sebalo Vňuková
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Anders
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radek Ptáček
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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Cavanaugh C, Rucci S, Vasquez-Home O. Sex/gender differences in the associations between adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner violence with mental disorders. Psychiatry Res 2023; 328:115456. [PMID: 37688838 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Sex and gender differences exist in mental and substance use disorders (MSUDs). Studies examining the moderating effects of sex/gender on MSUDs may help understand these differences. This national study explored whether sex/gender moderated (1) the associations between adverse childhood experience (ACEs; i.e., child abuse, child neglect, and child household dysfunction) and intimate partner violence (IPV) with MSUDs and (2) more associations with past year than lifetime MSUDs or mental (i.e., mood disorder, anxiety disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder) than substance use disorders (i.e., alcohol use disorder and nicotine dependence). Data was used from participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Logistic regression tested the main effects of ACEs, IPV, and sex/gender on five, past-year and lifetime MSUDs along with the ACE-sex/gender and IPV-sex/gender interactions. Sex/gender moderated 60% of the ACEs-MSUD and IPV-MSUD associations and more associations with lifetime (54%) than past year MSUDs (46%) and substance use (94%) than mental disorders (38%). For nearly half of the moderated associations, ACEs and IPV were associated with greater odds of MSUDs for males. Males who experienced IPV had greater odds of lifetime mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders than females. This study advances sex and gender informed research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtenay Cavanaugh
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 311 North Fifth Street, Camden, NJ 08108, USA.
| | - Skylar Rucci
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 311 North Fifth Street, Camden, NJ 08108, USA
| | - Orgelys Vasquez-Home
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 311 North Fifth Street, Camden, NJ 08108, USA
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Wang Y, Ma Z, Xu T, Ma Y, Jin L. Exposure to adverse childhood experiences and diabetes: Mediational role of short sleep duration. Prev Med 2023; 174:107643. [PMID: 37494972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with an increased risk of diabetes in adulthood. However, the potential mediational role of sleep duration in this association is unclear. A total of 116, 014 participants in the United States, from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey in 2020 were involved in the study. The effects of ACE status, different ACEs, and ACE scores on short sleep duration were examined using binary logistic regression analysis, and the association of ACE status, different types of ACEs, and ACE scores with diabetes and the mediating role of short sleep duration were observed. Path analysis was used to investigate short sleep duration as pathways between different types of ACEs and diabetes in adulthood. For the different types of ACEs, alcohol abuse in the household (OR = 1.13, 95%CI 1.08; 1.18), witnessing domestic violence (OR = 1.17, 95%CI 1.11; 1.23), emotional abuse (OR = 1.11, 95%CI 1.06; 1.16), physical abuse (OR = 1.22, 95%CI 1.17; 1.28), sexual abuse (OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.18; 1.32) and short sleep duration (OR = 1.26, 95%CI 1.21; 1.32) independently increased the odds of diabetes. There was also an indirect relationship between alcohol abuse in the household, witnessing domestic violence, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and diabetes via short sleep duration. Short sleep duration plays a partial mediating role between ACEs and diabetes, including alcohol abuse in the household, witnessing domestic violence, physical and sexual abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhaoyu Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang, China.
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China.
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang, China.
| | - Lina Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China.
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Huizenga J, Scheffelaar A, Bleijenberg N, Wilken JP, Keady J, Van Regenmortel T. What matters most: Exploring the everyday lives of people with dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e5983. [PMID: 37565538 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research on what matters most to people with dementia is crucial for developing tailored interventions and support. This study explored how people with dementia experience their everyday lives, providing insight into what is important to them to live the best they can at home. METHODS Inspired by a phenomenological approach, open interviews were conducted with 15 people with dementia, supplemented by home tours and walking interviews. Data collection included one to three sessions per participant. Data were analysed using descriptive content analysis and followed the phases of open, axial, and selective coding. A co-researcher group of seven people with dementia was consulted during the analysis to help interpret the emergent findings. FINDINGS Six dimensions of what matters most in everyday life were identified: 1) Engaging in meaningful activities, which included routines, household chores, leisure, day activities, and volunteering or work; 2) Keeping a sense of connection, in relationships within the home, with family, friends, groups, and the neighbourhood; 3) Having a sense of belonging, which included attachments inside and outside the home, and to cherished objects; 4) Connecting to self, which included the ability to reflect on past experiences, live in the present moment and anticipate the future; 5) Adjusting to ongoing changes, which included alterations in sensory perceptions, perceptions of the physical environment, and navigating shifts in interpersonal dynamics; 6) Being open to help and support, from professionals, community and society. CONCLUSIONS For people with dementia, everyday life is a continuous balancing act between what matters most and what can be achieved daily. This is not only related to dementia but is also embedded in the wider perspective of life history, relational networks, and the physical environment. This study highlights the importance of identifying what matters most to people with dementia to provide person-centred support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacoba Huizenga
- Institute of Social Work, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Center Social Innovation, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Tranzo, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Aukelien Scheffelaar
- Department of Tranzo, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Bleijenberg
- Research Center Healthy & Sustainable Living, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Pierre Wilken
- Research Center Social Innovation, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John Keady
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work/Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tine Van Regenmortel
- Department of Tranzo, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- HIVA-Research Institute for Work and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Craig F, Servidio R, Calomino ML, Candreva F, Nardi L, Palermo A, Polito A, Spina MF, Tenuta F, Costabile A. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health among Students Seeking Psychological Counseling Services. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105906. [PMID: 37239632 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a marked rise in the number of students accessing University Psychological Counseling (UPC) services, and their concerns have been increasingly severe. This study aimed to examine the impact of cumulative adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on mental health in students who had approached counseling services (N = 121) and students who had no experience with counseling services (N = 255). Participants completed an anonymous online self-report questionnaire measuring exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE-Q), psychological distress (General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), personality traits (PID-5), and coping strategies. We found that students who approached UPC services scored higher on cumulative ACEs than the non-counseling group. While ACE-Q score was a direct positive predictor of PHQ-9 (p < 0.001), it did not predict GAD-7. Moreover, the results supported the existence of a mediation effect of avoidance coping, detachment, and psychoticism on the indirect effects of ACE-Q score on PHQ-9 or GAD-7. These results underlined the importance of screening for ACEs in a UPC setting because it can help identify students at higher risk for developing mental and physical health problems and provide them with early interventions and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Craig
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society (DICES), University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Servidio
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society (DICES), University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Candreva
- Psychological Counseling Services, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Lucia Nardi
- Psychological Counseling Services, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Adriana Palermo
- Psychological Counseling Services, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alberto Polito
- Psychological Counseling Services, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Flaviana Tenuta
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society (DICES), University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Angela Costabile
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society (DICES), University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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Dowling BA, Grigsby TJ, Ziomek GJ, Schnarrs PW. Substance Use Outcomes For Sexual and Gender Minority Adults With a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Scoping Review. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2023; 6:100129. [PMID: 36994375 PMCID: PMC10040327 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The impacts of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on behavioral, mental, and physical health have been extensively investigated. As such, it is paramount to synthesize their quantified effects, especially within vulnerable populations. The goal of this scoping review was to collect, summarize, and synthesize existing research on ACEs and substance use (SU) in adult sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations. Methods WebofScience, APA PsychInfo, LGBTQ+ Life (EBSCO), Google Scholar, and PubMed electronic databases were searched. We included reports published between 2014 and 2022 that assessed SU outcomes, ACEs in adult (18+) SGM populations, in the United States (US). We excluded those in which SU was not an outcome, measured community-based abuse or neglect, or investigated adulthood trauma. Data were extracted using the Matrix Method and categorized across three SU outcomes. Results Twenty reports were included in the review. Nineteen employed a cross-sectional design and 80% focused on a single SGM group (transgender women, bisexual Latino men, etc.). Nine of 11 manuscripts found SU frequency and quantity were higher among ACE exposed participants. Three of four studies found ACE exposure to correlate with substance use problems and substance misuse. Four of five studies found ACE exposure to be correlated with substance use disorders. Conclusions Longitudinal research is needed to comprehend the impact of ACE on SU within the diverse subgroups of SGM adults. Investigators should prioritize the use of standard operationalizations of ACE and SU to improve comparability across studies and include diverse samples from the SGM community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brockton A. Dowling
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9100, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Timothy J. Grigsby
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, University of Nevada, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154, USA
| | - Gregory J. Ziomek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1301 W 38th Street Suite 700, Austin, Texas, 78722, USA
| | - Philip W. Schnarrs
- Division of Community Engagement and Health Equity, Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity Street, HDB 4.408, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
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23
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De Rubeis V, Gonzalez A, de Groh M, Jiang Y, Erbas Oz U, Tarride JE, Basta NE, Kirkland S, Wolfson C, Griffith LE, Raina P, Anderson LN. Obesity and adverse childhood experiences in relation to stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:197-206. [PMID: 36690842 PMCID: PMC9868513 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with obesity are at increased risk of chronic stress, and this may have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are also associated with both obesity and stress, and may modify risk of stress among people with obesity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the associations between obesity, ACEs, and stress during the pandemic, and to determine if the association between obesity and stress was modified by ACEs. METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted among adults aged 50-96 years (n = 23,972) from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) COVID-19 Study. Obesity and ACEs were collected pre-pandemic (2015-2018), and stress was measured at COVID-19 Exit Survey (Sept-Dec 2020). We used logistic, Poisson, and negative binomial regression to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between obesity, ACEs, and stress outcomes during the pandemic. Interaction by ACEs was evaluated on the additive and multiplicative scales. RESULTS People with obesity were more likely to experience an increase in overall stressors (class III obesity vs. healthy weight RR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.12-1.27) as well as increased health related stressors (class III obesity vs. healthy weight RR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.12-1.39) but did not perceive the consequences of the pandemic as negative. ACEs were also associated an increase in overall stressors (4-8 ACEs vs. none RR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.33-1.44) and being more likely to perceive the pandemic as negative (4-8 ACEs vs. none RR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.19-1.47). The association between obesity and stress was not modified by ACEs. CONCLUSIONS Increased stress during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic was observed among people with obesity or ACEs. The long-term outcomes of stress during the pandemic need to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa De Rubeis
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Applied Research Division, Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K0A 0K9, Canada
| | - Ying Jiang
- Applied Research Division, Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K0A 0K9, Canada
| | - Urun Erbas Oz
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Tarride
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- McMaster University, Chair in Health Technology Management, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Center for Health Economics and Policy Analysis (CHEPA), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Programs for Assessment of Technology in Health (PATH), The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Nicole E Basta
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Susan Kirkland
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christina Wolfson
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Lauren E Griffith
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Parminder Raina
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Solberg MA, Peters RM, Resko SM, Templin TN. Does Coping Mediate the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Outcomes in Young Adults? JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:1-13. [PMID: 36844997 PMCID: PMC9944421 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) affect 22-75% of American young adults. ACEs are associated with adverse health outcomes that begin in young adulthood. Yet, scant research has examined if coping can mediate the relationship between ACEs and adverse outcomes. The current study determined if coping mediates the relationship between ACEs and body mass index (BMI), substance use, and mental health outcomes in young adults. A community sample of 100 White and 100 Black young adults 18-34 years of age participated in a cross-sectional study conducted via Zoom conferencing. Participants provided demographic data, height/weight, and completed measures of ACEs, coping, substance use, and mental health outcomes. Coping was measured using an established three-factor model consisting of adaptive, support, and disengaged coping. Structural equation modeling (SEM) examined the relationships of ACEs to outcomes as mediated by coping. Participants were predominantly female (n = 117; 58.5%) and mid-young adult (M = 25.5 years; SD = 4.1). SEM results indicated good model fit: (CMIN/df = 1.52, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.05 [90% CI = 0.03-0.07], SRMR = 0.06). Only disengaged coping mediated the ACE and substance use (β = 0.36, p = .008), smoking (β = 0.13, p = .004), and mental health (β=-0.26, p = .008) relationships. Disengaged coping styles may be a critical mechanism in developing adverse mental health and substance use outcomes among ACE-exposed individuals. Future ACE and health outcomes research should examine the role of coping. Interventions focusing on adaptive coping may improve the health of individuals exposed to ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin A. Solberg
- College of Nursing, Wayne State University, 5557 Cass Avenue, 48202 Detroit, MI USA
| | - Rosalind M. Peters
- College of Nursing, Wayne State University, 5557 Cass Avenue, 48202 Detroit, MI USA
| | - Stella M. Resko
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, 5447 Woodward Avenue, 48202 Detroit, MI USA
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, 71 E Ferry Street, 48202 Detroit, MI USA
| | - Thomas N. Templin
- College of Nursing, Wayne State University, 5557 Cass Avenue, 48202 Detroit, MI USA
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25
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Mrug S, Pollock J, Pollock D, Seifert M, Johnson KA, Knight DC. Early Life Stress, Coping, and Cardiovascular Reactivity to Acute Social Stress. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:118-129. [PMID: 36728859 PMCID: PMC9918702 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early life stress (ELS) occurring during childhood and adolescence is an established risk factor for later cardiovascular disease and dysregulated reactivity to acute social stress. This study examined whether ELS associations with baseline cardiovascular functioning, cardiovascular stress reactivity and recovery, and emotional stress reactivity vary across levels of emotion-oriented, task-oriented, and avoidant coping styles. METHODS The sample included 1027 adolescents and young adults (mean age = 19.29 years; 50% female; 64% Black, 34% non-Hispanic White) who reported on their ELS exposure and coping styles. Participants completed a standardized acute social stress test (the Trier Social Stress Test [TSST]), with heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) measured before, during, and after the TSST. Self-reports of negative emotions during the TSST indexed emotional stress reactivity. RESULTS Multiple regression models adjusting for demographic factors and body mass index showed that ELS was associated with lower HR stress reactivity, avoidant coping was related to lower systolic BP and diastolic BP during stress and lower systolic BP during recovery, and higher emotion-oriented coping and lower task-oriented coping predicted greater emotional stress reactivity. A consistent pattern emerged where emotion-oriented coping amplified the associations between ELS and maladaptive stress responses (blunted cardiovascular stress reactivity and recovery; enhanced emotional stress reactivity), whereas lower levels of emotion-oriented coping were associated with resilient profiles among those who experienced ELS (lower resting HR, lower emotional stress reactivity, average HR and BP stress reactivity and recovery). However, low levels of emotion-oriented coping also conferred a risk of higher BP during recovery for those with high levels of ELS. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that low to moderate levels of emotion-oriented coping promote optimal cardiovascular and emotional reactivity to acute stress among individuals exposed to ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Mrug
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jennifer Pollock
- CardioRenal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - David Pollock
- CardioRenal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Michael Seifert
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - David C. Knight
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Tao H, Zeng X, Hou M, Chen S, Shen J, Liao X, Zou C. Association of adverse childhood experiences and depression among medical students: the role of family functioning and insomnia. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1134631. [PMID: 37205075 PMCID: PMC10185847 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have explored the mechanisms linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to depression in medical students. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ACEs and depression through the serial mediation effect of family functioning and insomnia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 368 medical students from university in Chengdu in 2021. The participants were asked to complete four self-report questionnaires, including ACEs scale, the family APGAR index, the ISI and PHQ-9. Singe and serial mediation analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling by Mplus 8.3. Results ACEs had a significant direct effect on depression (β = 0.438, p < 0.001) and through three significantly indirect pathways: (1) through family functioning (β = 0.026, 95% CI: 0.007-0.060), accounting for 5.9% of the total effect; (2) through insomnia (β = 0.103, 95% CI: 0.011-0.187), accounting for 23.5% of the total effect; and (3) through the serial mediators involving in family functioning and insomnia (β = 0.038, 95% CI: 0.015-0.078), accounting for 8.7% of the total effect. The total indirect effect was 38.1%. Limitations This cross-sectional study prevented us from establishing causality. Conclusion This study highlights the role of family functioning and insomnia as serial mediators of the relationship between ACEs and depression. Findings help to elucidate the mechanism that underlines the pathway between ACEs and depression in medical students. These findings may indicate developing measures to strengthen family functioning and improve insomnia aiming to reduce depression in medical students with ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Tao
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- The Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- The Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Mutian Hou
- Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanping Chen
- The Department of Geriatric Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Shen
- The Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liao
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyang Liao, ; Chuan Zou,
| | - Chuan Zou
- The Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyang Liao, ; Chuan Zou,
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27
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TAŞÖREN AB, GÜL İŞ. The Role of Childhood Abuse and Psychological Symptoms in Discriminating Frequency of Drug Use and Self-Harm in Incarcerated Men Convicted of Robbery. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR - CURRENT APPROACHES IN PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.1083683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of prior childhood abuse and current psychological symptoms on the frequency of drug use and self-harming behavior among a group of male prisoners convicted of robbery. The sample consists of 127 men convicted of armed, aggravated, unarmed/forced robbery, who were held in Metris T-type closed penitentiary state correctional institution. History of childhood abuse was assessed with The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and psychological symptoms were assessed with The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Frequency of drug use was assessed with three questions and self-harm was assessed through four questions both on the self-completed demographic information form. Among 127 men recruited, history of childhood abuse and psychological symptoms provided discrimination concerning frequency of drug use and self-harm. The rate of self-harming individuals in the present study was relatively high compared to the literature. There was a significant correlation between CTQ total and subscale scores and BSI total and subscale scores, except for the emotional neglect subscale.
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28
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Stout ME, Tsotsoros CE, Hawkins MA. Does Loneliness Mediate the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Pain Catastrophizing Among Women? JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:1137-1143. [PMID: 36439660 PMCID: PMC9684362 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Most adults in the United States report experiencing at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE), with around a quarter of the population reporting three or more. ACEs impact adult biological (e.g., hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) and psychosocial (e.g., loneliness) functioning, including cognitive patterns in stressful situations. As one example, pain catastrophizing is an emotional and cognitive reaction to pain that is closely related to low distress tolerance. We hypothesized that women with more ACEs would report greater levels of pain catastrophizing in adulthood, an effect potentially mediated via higher levels of loneliness (i.e., perceived lack of social support). Biologically female participants (N=109; 39.8±14.0 years of age; 83.5% white) were recruited through Mechanical Turk and a university online recruitment tool, and completed an online survey including demographics, the 10-item Adverse Childhood Events Scale, the 13-item Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and the 20-item UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3. A bootstrapped mediation analysis examined the relationships between ACEs and pain catastrophizing via loneliness. Results indicated that loneliness had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between ACEs and pain catastrophizing (indirect effect=0.69; 99% CI=0.15-1.40) such that increased ACEs were related to greater loneliness, which, in turn, was related to greater pain catastrophizing. The present study adds to the literature by suggesting that loneliness is a possible mechanism by which ACEs adversely impact cognitive and emotional well-being in adulthood. Per social cognitive theory, loneliness influences social cognitions, which might make dealing with stressful situations such as pain more difficult and, therefore, increase one's catastrophic thinking patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison E. Stout
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, 116 Psychology Building, 74078 OK Stillwater, USA
| | - Cindy E. Tsotsoros
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, 116 Psychology Building, 74078 OK Stillwater, USA
| | - Misty A.W. Hawkins
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, 116 Psychology Building, 74078 OK Stillwater, USA
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Jernslett M, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, Lioupi C, Syros I, Kapatais A, Karamanoli V, Evgeniou E, Messas K, Palaiokosta T, Papathanasiou E, Lotzin A. Disentangling the associations between past childhood adversity and psychopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating roles of specific pandemic stressors and coping strategies. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 129:105673. [PMID: 35605466 PMCID: PMC9113959 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) display heightened symptoms of psychopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, no study has investigated what aspects of the pandemic are of particular concern for this population and ways in which strategies to coping with pandemic stressors may exacerbate their clinical symptomatology. OBJECTIVE This study explores what pandemic stressors and coping strategies are associated with ACEs, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during the COVID-19 pandemic, before investigating whether the identified chief stressors and coping styles mediate the effects of ACEs on depression and PTSD. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 1107 Greek adults were sampled from the general population. METHODS Participants completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire, Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5, Pandemic Stressor Scale, and Brief Cope Scale. RESULTS ACEs and depression were both predominantly associated with difficult housing conditions as a stressor (b = 0.079, p < .001 and b = 0.046, p < .001, respectively), whereas PTSD was mainly related to fear of contracting the COVID-19 virus (b = 0.065, p < .001). Self-blame was the main coping strategy associated with both ACEs (b = 0.046, p = .010), depression (b = 0.071, p < .0005), and PTSD (b = 0.088, p < .0005). Difficult housing conditions and self-blame further demonstrated a significant serial mediation effect in the relationship between ACEs with both depression (b = 0.105, 95% CI [0.0607, 0.158]) and PTSD (b = 0.019, 95% CI [0.011, 0.031]). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that policy makers should identify ways of ameliorating challenging housing conditions, and that service providers should target self-blame in the psychological treatment of adults with ACEs during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jernslett
- Psychology Program, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, P.O. Box 24005, 1700 Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | | | - Chrysanthi Lioupi
- Psychology Program, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, P.O. Box 24005, 1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Syros
- Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, "Sotiria" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Kapatais
- Psychology Program, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, P.O. Box 24005, 1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vassia Karamanoli
- Hellenic Military Academy, Faculty of Military Sciences, Division of Theoretical Sciences, Vari, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Evgeniou
- Psychology Program, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, P.O. Box 24005, 1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kostas Messas
- Psychology Program, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, P.O. Box 24005, 1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Triada Palaiokosta
- Psychology Program, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, P.O. Box 24005, 1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Papathanasiou
- Psychology Program, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, P.O. Box 24005, 1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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30
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Zhou X, Zhen R. How do physical and emotional abuse affect depression and problematic behaviors in adolescents? The roles of emotional regulation and anger. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 129:105641. [PMID: 35487046 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of physical and emotional abuse are high among Chinese adolescents and elicit distinct psychopathologies. However, it remains unclear whether physical and emotional abuse relate to depression and behavior problems similarly or differently. In addition, few studies have examined if they share underlying mechanisms in adolescents. OBJECTIVE This study used longitudinal data to examine the mechanisms underlying the effect of physical and emotional abuse on depression and problematic behaviors through emotional regulation and anger in Chinese adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS Participants were 1689 adolescents (with age ranging from 12 to 17 years) from junior and senior high schools in Zhejiang Province, China. METHODS Participants completed a childhood trauma questionnaire and an emotion regulation strategies questionnaire at time 1 (T1), and they completed an anger scale, a depression scale, and a problematic behaviors questionnaire one year later (T2). Structural equation modeling was used to examine the research hypotheses. RESULTS Physical abuse had direct positive effects on problematic behaviors but not on depression. However, emotional abuse had direct effects on depression and problematic behaviors, and indirect effects on both psychopathologies through expressive suppression and anger. CONCLUSIONS Physical and emotional abuse had distinct effects and influencing mechanisms on adolescents' externalizing and internalizing problems. Compared with physical abuse, emotional abuse elicited more harms and subsequent psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Rui Zhen
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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31
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Leath S, Jones MK, Butler-Barnes S. An examination of ACEs, the internalization of the Superwoman Schema, and mental health outcomes among Black adult women. J Trauma Dissociation 2022; 23:307-323. [PMID: 34622746 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2021.1989113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the growing literature on the mental health implications of adverse childhood events (ACEs), little empirical evidence considers the role of sociocultural scripts in Black women's experiences of trauma and mental health. Emerging scholarship suggests that gendered racial stereotypes, such as the Superwoman Schema, might worsen the impact of ACEs on the mental health outcomes of Black women in the U.S. To address this gap, we sought to examine relationships among Black women's exposure to ACEs, endorsement of the Superwoman Schema, and mental health outcomes. The current sample included 447 Black women (20-35 years old) who completed measures of adverse childhood events, Superwoman Schema endorsement, and mental health (stress, anxiety, and depression). ACEs and endorsement of the Superwoman Schema were associated with higher stress, anxiety, and depressive symptomology. Additionally, Black women who experienced more ACEs and felt a stronger obligation to present an image of strength indicated more stress. Black women who experienced more ACEs and had a stronger determination to succeed reported higher anxiety. These results offer further evidence of the role of the Superwoman Schema on Black women's mental health. The authors discuss future research directions and clinical implications regarding the interconnections among sociocultural scripts of Black womanhood and trauma experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seanna Leath
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Martinque K Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Sheretta Butler-Barnes
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Mpondo F, Kim AW, Tsai AC, Mendenhall E. Development and validation of the Soweto Coping Scale: A mixed-methods, population-based study of adults living in Soweto, South Africa. J Affect Disord 2022; 303:353-358. [PMID: 35176343 PMCID: PMC9048715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mental health disorders are amongst the leading contributors to the burden of disease and need to be prioritised in policy making and program implementation. In the absence of mental healthcare, people often navigate their own social support and activate individual coping mechanisms to sustain their emotional well-being. Few South African studies conceptualise and evaluate the strategies people use to manage adverse situations in non-clinical samples. We conducted two related ethnographic studies of stress and coping in Soweto (n = 107). We then used the studies to develop a novel scale to measure local forms of coping and evaluated its use in an epidemiological surveillance study (n = 933). In a split sample analysis, we first conducted exploratory factor analyses and then a comparative fit index assessment. In the exploratory factor analysis, we obtained a two-factor solution: problem-focused/emotional coping and religious coping. In the confirmatory factor analysis, both domains had good model fit above the conservative ≥ 0.95 cut-off, and both factors had adequate internal consistency (religious coping = 0.72; problem/emotion focused coping = 0.69). Both the problem-focused/emotional and the religious coping subscales were positively correlated with quality of life, except that the religious coping subscale was not correlated with social relationships. Total adverse childhood experiences were correlated with the problem-focused/emotional coping subscale but not with the religious coping subscale. We conclude that the Soweto Coping Scale provides a novel understanding of local forms of coping and can be used by mental healthcare researchers and providers who seek to develop interventions for promoting mental health and social well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feziwe Mpondo
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Andrew Wooyoung Kim
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center for Global Health and Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexander C Tsai
- Center for Global Health and Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Emily Mendenhall
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
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Network analysis of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms in young adults after recent stressful events: The moderation of childhood maltreatment. J Affect Disord 2022; 301:107-116. [PMID: 35031329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study explored the interrelations between cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) and depressive symptoms to better understand how young adults with childhood maltreatment (CM) are more prone to depression after recent stressful events. METHODS The sample consisted of 342 young adults (M = 19.51 years, range = 17-28 years, 64% female) who had experienced stressful events in the last six months. Network analysis was used to examine the interrelations between nine CERS and four depressive symptom clusters in exposed ('CM'; n = 182) and not exposed to CM groups ('non-CM'; n = 160). RESULTS We found that somatic symptoms, rumination, putting into perspective, and catastrophizing had high expected influence (EI) in the whole sample network. Global and local connectivity differed between the CM and non-CM groups. More specifically, the structure of the CM network had higher overall connectivity than the structure of the non-CM network. Considering local connectivity, depressed affect, rumination, positive refocusing, and putting into perspective had marginally significantly higher levels of EI in the CM network. We found some significant differences in partial correlations among CERS, such as stronger positive correlations between positive refocusing-catastrophizing, rumination-refocus on planning, and putting into perspective-blaming others in the CM group. LIMITATIONS This study was cross-sectional and limited by the use of retrospective self-report tools. CONCLUSIONS The findings shed light on the complex interrelations between CERS and depressive symptoms in the context of recent stressful events. Additionally, they highlight potential directions for population-based interventions.
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Monninger M, Pollok TM, Aggensteiner PM, Kaiser A, Reinhard I, Hermann A, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Brandeis D, Banaschewski T, Holz NE. Coping under stress: Prefrontal control predicts stress burden during the COVID-19 crisis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 56:13-23. [PMID: 34894621 PMCID: PMC8606266 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has confronted millions of people around the world with an unprecedented stressor, affecting physical and mental health. Accumulating evidence suggests that emotional and cognitive self-regulation is particularly needed to effectively cope with stress. Therefore, we investigated the predictive value of affective and inhibitory prefrontal control for stress burden during the COVID-19 crisis. Physical and mental health burden were assessed using an online survey, which was administered to 104 participants of an ongoing at-risk birth cohort during the first wave in April 2020. Two follow-ups were carried out during the pandemic, one capturing the relaxation during summer and the other the beginning of the second wave of the crisis. Prefrontal activity during emotion regulation and inhibitory control were assessed prior to the COVID-19 crisis. Increased inferior frontal gyrus activity during emotion regulation predicted lower stress burden at the beginning of the first and the second wave of the crisis. In contrast, inferior and middle frontal gyrus activity during inhibitory control predicted effective coping only during the summer, when infection rates decreased but stress burden remained unchanged. These findings remained significant when controlling for sociodemographic and clinical confounders such as stressful life events prior to the crisis or current psychopathology. We demonstrate that differential stress-buffering effects are predicted by the neural underpinnings of emotion regulation and cognitive regulation at different stages during the pandemic. These findings may inform future prevention strategies to foster stress coping in unforeseen situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Monninger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Tania M Pollok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Pascal-M Aggensteiner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Anna Kaiser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Andrea Hermann
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Phillips University Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, Zurich 8032, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Nathalie E Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany.
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Taşören AB. Childhood maltreatment and emotional distress: The role of beliefs about emotion and psychological inflexibility. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-12. [PMID: 35039733 PMCID: PMC8754519 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of negative beliefs about emotion and psychological inflexibility on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and emotional distress. A total of 519 participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale II (LESS-II), and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). All scales were significantly correlated. Two mediation analyses were tested. In the first model negative beliefs about emotion and psychological inflexibility mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and emotional distress measured by DASS-21 total score. In the second model, negative beliefs about emotion and psychological inflexibility mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression, anxiety, and stress measured by the subscales of DASS-21. Results suggest that maltreatment in childhood is associated with the individuals' approaches, plans and strategies in response to emotions, and psychological inflexibility which together further determine emotional distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Burçak Taşören
- Istanbul Medipol Universitesi Guney Kampus, Goztepe Mah. Kavacik, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
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Brindle RC, Pearson A, Ginty AT. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) relate to blunted cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity to acute laboratory stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 134:104530. [PMID: 35031343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poor future mental and physical health. Altered biological reactivity to mental stress may be a possible mechanism linking ACEs to poor health. However, it is not clear if ACEs relate to blunted or exaggerated stress reactivity. This meta-analysis aimed to determine whether exposure to ACEs is associated with cardiovascular and cortisol stress reactivity. A systematic review yielded 37 sources. Random-effects modelling tested the aggregate effects of 83 studies of the association between ACEs and stress reactivity. Exposure to ACEs was associated with relatively blunted cardiovascular and cortisol stress reactivity. Effect sizes did not vary as a function of sample sex or reactivity measure (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, or cortisol). Meta-regression revealed preliminary evidence of greater blunting in samples of a younger age and samples reporting greater ACE exposure. Subgroup analyses for stress task, ACE measurement instrument, and sample race were not conducted because of a lack of between-study variability. Exposure to ACEs is associated with dysregulation of multiple components of the human stress response system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Brindle
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA, United States; Neuroscience Program, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA, United States.
| | - Alexandra Pearson
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA, United States
| | - Annie T Ginty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
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Wang S, Xu H, Zhang S, Yang R, Li D, Sun Y, Wan Y, Tao F. Linking Childhood Maltreatment and Psychological Symptoms: The Role of Social Support, Coping Styles, and Self-Esteem in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP620-NP650. [PMID: 32389058 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520918571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Psychological symptoms are common among adolescents in China, which are associated with various negative consequences. There has been a pressing need for additional research of factors responsible for the occurrence of psychological symptoms during this developmental period, among which childhood maltreatment, personal coping style, one's levels of social support, and self-esteem deserve our attention. The association between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms is evident; however, the possible mediating effect of the other three factors mentioned above remains unclear. Hence, the current study aims to investigate the possible mediating roles of social support, coping style, and self-esteem in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the development of psychological symptoms among adolescents. An adolescent-based health survey was conducted between 2013 and 2014 in 15 schools in China. A total of 9,704 students (aged 11-19 years) were enrolled and measures on childhood maltreatment, social support, coping styles, self-esteem, and psychological symptoms were completed. It was found that childhood maltreatment was positively correlated with psychological symptoms and negative coping styles, and negatively correlated with social support, positive coping styles, and self-esteem (p < .001). Social support, coping styles, and self-esteem mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms. The estimated effect of childhood maltreatment on the occurrence of psychological symptoms could be explained by the mediation of social support, positive coping styles, negative coping styles, and self-esteem, whose ratio of roles came to 13.8%, 7.5%, 20.9%, and 10.3%, respectively. These findings indicate a need to promote social support, self-esteem, and positive coping styles, and decrease the level of negative coping styles, to markedly reduce the impact of psychological symptoms of childhood maltreatment among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Huiqiong Xu
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Danlin Li
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
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Neuroticism and positive coping style as mediators of the association between childhood psychological maltreatment and social anxiety. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Morgart K, Harrison JN, Hoon AH, Wilms Floet AM. Adverse childhood experiences and developmental disabilities: risks, resiliency, and policy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:1149-1154. [PMID: 33938573 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to the seminal work of Robert Anda and Vincent Felitti, it is now widely accepted that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have lifelong effects on physical, behavioral, and mental health and that many adult diseases can be considered developmental disorders that began early in life. Genomics has advanced the neurobiological understanding that underpins ACEs, wellness, and disease, which are modulated through stress pathways and epigenetic modifications. While data are currently limited, children with developmental disabilities have an increased ACE risk compared to typically developing peers. This recognition has important ramifications for health and policy interventions that address the root causes of ACEs, especially in this vulnerable population. With increased societal recognition, advances in policy will lead to medical, financial, and public benefits in years to come, hopefully changing healthcare models from 'sick care' to 'well care'. What this paper adds Adverse childhood experience (ACE) research has refocused medicine from the question 'What is wrong with you?' to 'What happened to you?'. Adopting ACE research into public policy can redirect healthcare models from providing 'sick care' to promoting 'well care'. Not exploring the role of ACEs in children with developmental disabilities leads to further vulnerability and morbidity. ACEs can be mitigated by early identification and implementation of evidence-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joyce Nolan Harrison
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander H Hoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Phelps Center for Cerebral Palsy and Neurodevelopmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Maria Wilms Floet
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Clemens V, Köhler-Dauner F, Ziegenhain U, Fegert JM. Predictors of Parental Coping During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Survey in Germany. Front Psychol 2021; 12:715327. [PMID: 34566797 PMCID: PMC8460925 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.715327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has been profoundly affecting nearly everybody, but families with minors have been hit particularly. Closure of schools and kindergartens, home schooling, and working from home have led to a profound upheaval in family life. Parental adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are an important determinant for parenting behavior. Importantly, ACEs can increase the vulnerability to stress and impair coping strategies. The current pandemic leads to increased parental stress, a risk factor for harsh parenting behavior, Therefore, we aimed to assess the role of ACEs and sociodemographic factors associated to parental coping during the current pandemic. In a cross-sectional online survey, 687 parents of minors in Germany were included. Demographic and psychosocial factors associated to parental coping during the first lockdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic were assessed. Results show that younger age of the respective child, income loss, dissatisfaction with the sharing of childcare duties, and ACEs were significantly associated with an increase of potential harmful parenting behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic. An increase of dissatisfaction with the sharing of childcare duties during the pandemic was predicted by working from home and taking care of the children mainly by oneself, while sharing childcare duties with the partner equally resulted even in an increase of satisfaction with sharing of childcare duties during the pandemic. These findings demonstrate that a history of childhood adversity in a parent is a risk factor for harmful parenting during the pandemic. Parental satisfaction with sharing of caregiving is an important factor for parental coping during the pandemic. Sharing of caregiving between partners should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Clemens
- Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Ute Ziegenhain
- Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Analysis of features of social anxiety and exploring the relationship between childhood major adverse experiences and social anxiety in early adulthood among Chinese college students. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:614-622. [PMID: 34153832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior studies have explored the prevalence of social anxiety disorders and found that childhood major adverse experiences increased the risk of social anxiety. However, few studies analyzed features of social anxiety and explored the mediation mechanism of the relationship between childhood major adverse experiences and social anxiety in early adulthood. METHODS Two thousand seven hundred and fifty-nine college students from Hunan, China participated in the survey-based study. They completed questionnaires on major adverse childhood experiences, social anxiety symptoms, and a sense of security during a study conducted from 2017 to 2018. RESULTS 1) 33.38% of the students reported experiencing at least one social anxiety symptom; the highest detection rate (20.22%) was social anxiety symptoms related to participants' nervousness when in large groups. 2) Females and individuals who consumed alcohol in the past year and individuals with a poor physical condition had a significantly higher risk of having social anxiety symptoms (p<0.05). 3) Childhood major adverse events experience increased the risk of some social anxiety symptoms, especially experiencing 3 or more adverse events (p<0.05). 4) A sense of security mediated the relationship between childhood major adverse events experience and social anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Extensive detection rate of social anxiety symptoms existed among college students, early adversities increased the risk of social anxiety in early adulthood, and the relationship between childhood major adversity and social anxiety was affected by sense of security.
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Köhler-Dauner F, Clemens V, Hildebrand K, Ziegenhain U, Fegert JM. The interplay between maternal childhood maltreatment, parental coping strategies as well as endangered parenting behavior during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 3:71-84. [PMID: 34435173 PMCID: PMC8377446 DOI: 10.1177/25161032211014899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2-pandemic is associated different challenges, especially for families. The disruption and challenges require parents to develop strategies to cope with the current situation. One factor that may influence how parents deal with pandemic-associated stressors are experiences of parental childhood maltreatment (CM), which represent a high risk of engaging in endangered parenting. A decisive candidate for the connection between parental CM and the transgenerational transmission could be the parental ability to employ coping strategies. Mothers of a well-documented birth cohort for investigating the pathways leading to resilience or vulnerability in the transgenerational transmission of CM were imbedded in an online “SARS-CoV-2 pandemic survey” assessing maternal ability for coping strategies and the dimension of endangered maternal parenting behavior. 91 mothers completed the online survey. To describe the maternal CM, data from a longitudinal survey were used. Our mediation analysis shows a significant positive relationship between the sum of maternal CM experiences, lack of coping strategies and endangered parenting behavior. This suggests a partial mediation of the association between CM and endangered parenting behavior as the direct effect remained significant when the maternal lack of coping strategies was included as the mediator. Parental CM is a risk factor for coping with stressful situation as well as for endangered parenting behavior. The ability to deal with stress seems to have a significant influence on the context of a possible transgenerational transmission of CM. The results underline the need to consider the unique needs of families with children and to support them as to how to overcome the current crisis.
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Woodward H, Du Bois SN, Tully T, Fraine S, Guy AA. Results of a Brief, Peer-Led Intervention Pilot on Cognitive Escape Among African American Adults Living With HIV, Comorbid Serious Mental Illness, and a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2021; 32:512-521. [PMID: 34171886 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honor Woodward
- Honor Woodward, BS, is a PhD Student, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Steve N. Du Bois, PhD, is a licensed Clinical Psychologist and Assistant Professor of psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Timothy Tully, BS, is a Research Assistant, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Shawn Fraine, MS, is a PhD Student, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Arryn A. Guy, PhD, is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health and the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Kalpidou M, Volungis AM, Bates C. Mediators between Adversity and Well-Being of College Students. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-021-09382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Martin L, Rea S, Wood F. A quantitative analysis of the relationship between posttraumatic growth, depression and coping styles after burn. Burns 2021; 47:1748-1755. [PMID: 34756423 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is "the subjective experience of positive psychological change reported by an individual as a result of the struggle with trauma" (Zoellner and Maercker, 2006 [1]). PTG after burn is similar to PTG after other types of trauma (Martin et al., 2016 [2]). The aim was to assess the relationship between coping styles, via the BriefCOPE (Carver et al., 1989 [9]), and posttraumatic growth via the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (Cann et al., 2010 [4]), in an adult burn population. METHOD 36 burn patients who required surgery for wound closure were recruited within 2 years of their burn. They completed the PTGI, DASS-D, and BriefCOPE, and again one month later. Regression analysis with backwards elimination assessed the relationships between coping styles, depression and posttraumatic growth. RESULTS Of the 14 coping types identified in the BriefCOPE, three were associated with PTG after burn: positive reframing, religion and acceptance. Three coping strategies were associated with greater levels of depression: behavioural disengagement, venting and self-blame. CONCLUSION Behavioural disengagement, venting and self-blame behaviours can be used as 'red flags' to trigger early screening for depression and to enable timely treatment of depression. To maximise posttraumatic growth interventions that promote positive reframing, use of religion, and acceptance are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Martin
- University of Western Australia, Burn Injury Research Unit, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Fiona Wood Foundation, 11 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
| | - Suzanne Rea
- Burn Service of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, MNH (B) Main Hospital, Level 4, Burns Unit, 102-118 Murdoch Drive, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia; Fiona Wood Foundation, 11 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Fiona Wood
- University of Western Australia, Burn Injury Research Unit, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Burn Service of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, MNH (B) Main Hospital, Level 4, Burns Unit, 102-118 Murdoch Drive, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia; Fiona Wood Foundation, 11 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
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Bouchard L, Rainbow J. Compassion fatigue, presenteeism, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES), and resiliency levels of Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) students. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 100:104852. [PMID: 33744814 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) students often experience challenges that can cause poor academic performance and attrition. Known threats to nurses' professional quality of life and patient care include compassion fatigue and presenteeism; it is not known how these phenomena carry over from prior nursing experience to DNP students' academic experiences and subsequent NP practice. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) can also threaten nursing students' coping ability and overall wellbeing. Building resilience can combat the negative effects related to professional quality of life and traumatic experiences and promote nursing student success. OBJECTIVES Measure compassion fatigue, presenteeism, ACEs, and resiliency in DNP students. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted with three cohorts of DNP students. SETTING A DNP program at a large public American University. PARTICIPANTS DNP students (n = 118) from four NP specialty tracks: Family, Pediatric, Psychiatric Mental Health, and Adult-Gerontology Acute Care. METHODS Online surveys were sent to three cohorts of DNP students: one group before beginning the program and two groups, one year apart, before starting clinical rotations in the program. Surveys included measures for compassion fatigue, presenteeism, ACEs, and resiliency. RESULTS The demographics of this study sample was similar to other published DNP student samples. The students reported moderate levels of compassion fatigue, presenteeism, and resiliency. ACE scores ranged from 0 to 8 out of 10, and 50% reported at least one ACE. CONCLUSIONS Survey results from three DNP student cohorts indicate that many are pursuing advanced practice nursing education with a history of traumatic childhood events, demands of balancing work and school, and moderate resiliency levels. Many have symptoms of negative professional quality of life and presenteeism that could inhibit their job satisfaction and quality of care as an NP. Promoting DNP students' resiliency may improve their ability to thrive amidst academic and professional challenges.
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Gloger S, Martínez P, Behn A, Chacón MV, Cottin M, Diez de Medina D, Vöhringer PA. Population-attributable risk of adverse childhood experiences for high suicide risk, psychiatric admissions, and recurrent depression, in depressed outpatients. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1874600. [PMID: 34025917 PMCID: PMC8118528 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1874600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Population-attributable risk (PAR) may help estimate the potential contribution of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to serious clinical presentations of depression, characterized by suicidality, previous psychiatric admissions, and episode recurrence. Objective: To determine the PAR of ACEs for serious clinical presentations of depression (high suicide risk, previous psychiatric admissions, and recurrent depression) in outpatients with ICD-10 clinical depression. Method: Systematic chart review of 1,013 adults who were assessed and/or treated in a mental health clinic in Santiago, Chile for a major depressive episode. Data were collected on demographics and clinical characteristics of depression. Exposure to ACEs was determined with the Brief Physical and Sexual Abuse Questionnaire, assessing seven types of ACEs. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between exposure to ACEs and suicidality, previous psychiatric admissions, and recurrence. Predicted probabilities were used for calculations of PAR. Results: Of the 1,001 study participants with complete data, 53.3% had recurrent depression, 13.5% had high suicide risk, and 5.0% had previous psychiatric admissions. Exposure to at least one ACE was recorded for 69.0% of the sample. Exposure to at least one ACE and specific types of ACEs (i.e. childhood sexual abuse and traumatic separation from caregiver) were associated with serious clinical presentations of depression. A dose-response relationship was observed between cumulative exposure to ACEs and the most serious clinical presentations of depression. ACEs were attributed to a significant proportion of disease: 61.6% of previous psychiatric admissions, 45.0% of high suicide risk, and 14.5% of recurrent depression. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of serious clinical presentations of depression among outpatients are associated with ACEs. Early detection of depressive episodes associated with ACEs, and tailored treatment for these patients, may potentially reduce the incidence of serious complications in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gloger
- Psicomedica, Clinical & Research Group, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental Campus Oriente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,ANID, Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Institute for Depression and Personality Research (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Martínez
- Psicomedica, Clinical & Research Group, Santiago, Chile.,ANID, Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Institute for Depression and Personality Research (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,ANID, Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,CITIAPS, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alex Behn
- ANID, Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Institute for Depression and Personality Research (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Victoria Chacón
- Psicomedica, Clinical & Research Group, Santiago, Chile.,ANID, Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Institute for Depression and Personality Research (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Marianne Cottin
- ANID, Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Institute for Depression and Personality Research (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Paul A Vöhringer
- Psicomedica, Clinical & Research Group, Santiago, Chile.,ANID, Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Institute for Depression and Personality Research (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Mood Disorders Program, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Martín-Higarza Y, Fontanil Y, Méndez MD, Ezama E. The Direct and Indirect Influences of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Physical Health: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8507. [PMID: 33212855 PMCID: PMC7698450 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A growing and significant body of research has documented the close relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and health outcomes in adults. Less is known about the complex pathways through which ACEs exert their influence. This article examines the direct relationship between the quality of perceived physical health and childhood adversities. The association between the adversities and the physical health with other psychological and social variables is also analyzed. Data were collected from a sample of 170 subjects, using tools to assess adverse childhood experiences, physical health-related quality of life, socioeconomic vulnerability, emotion regulation, coping strategies, attachment, and social support. Results showed a high frequency of ACEs among the adult population, and the correlation with poor physical health was highly significant. Regression equations to predict physical health also revealed the following as significant variables: wishful thinking, social withdrawal, and cognitive restructuring as coping styles; reappraisal to achieve emotion regulation; fear of rejection or abandonment, and desire for closeness in relation to attachment figures; hardship; and poor financial support. The relationship between the different forms of ACE and social vulnerability identifies the important indirect contribution of childhood adversity to health and socioeconomic conditions in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Martín-Higarza
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Government of the Principality of Asturias, 33001 Asturias, Spain
| | - Yolanda Fontanil
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - María Dolores Méndez
- Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias, 33201 Asturias, Spain; (M.D.M.); (E.E.)
| | - Esteban Ezama
- Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias, 33201 Asturias, Spain; (M.D.M.); (E.E.)
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Conde-Sala JL, Garre-Olmo J. Early parental death and psychosocial risk factors for dementia: A case-control study in Europe. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:1051-1059. [PMID: 32392630 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between early parental death and the risk of dementia in adult life and to examine the risk factors associated with early parental death in people with and without dementia. METHODS/DESIGN A population-based case-control study of a sample of 65 997 participants from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe study. Early parental death was operationalized as parental death at the age of ≤16 years. Main analyses were conducted using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The odds ratio (OR) for dementia in individuals who experienced early parental death (father or mother) at the age of ≤16 years was 1.83 (95%CI 1.61-2.09) and 1.54 (95%CI 1.35-1.76) adjusted for age, gender and education. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis carried out with the whole sample, early parental death increased the risk of dementia (OR = 1.50, 95%CI 1.31-1.72), along with older age (OR = 5.92, 95%CI 4.86-7.17), neuroticism (OR = 2.94, 95%CI 2.61-3.31), low education level (OR = 1.84, 95%CI 1.64-2.05) and low income (OR = 1.49, 95%CI 1.34-1.67). DISCUSSION Early parental death (≤16 years) was associated with an increased risk of dementia. We discuss the neurobiological markers associated with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and dementia as well as interventions to counteract the negative health effects on adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:-, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep L Conde-Sala
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Aging, Disability and Health Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Garre-Olmo
- Aging, Disability and Health Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Spain
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