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Neethu KV, Nandan SB, Xavier NDD, Jayachandran PR, Anu PR, Midhun AM, Mohan D, Marigoudar SR. A multibiomarker approach to assess lead toxicity on the black clam, Villorita cyprinoides (Gray, 1825), from Cochin estuarine system (CES), southwest coast, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1775-1788. [PMID: 32856244 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The southwest coast of India along the Cochin region is seriously affected by metal contamination from increasing industrial activities. This contribution pertains to the chronic toxicity effects of lead and its biomarker responses on the black clam, Villorita cyprinoides, largely endemic to Southern India. The metal concentration (lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr)) and contamination indices such as geoaccumulation index and contamination factor suggests that the Cochin estuarine system (CES) is moderately to heavily polluted with metals. The 96 h effective median lethal concentration (LC50) for Pb was 12.08 mg L-1 at 95% confidence level, whereas the NOEC (no observed effect concentration) and LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration) were 0.46 mg L-1 and 0.83 mg L-1 respectively. The chronic toxicity value for Pb was 0.64 mg L-1. Accumulation of Pb in V. cyprinoides after chronic toxicity test was several-fold higher than exposure concentration. On exposure to sublethal concentrations of lead, gills showed prominent pathological lesions such as damaged lateral cilia, congested hemolymph sinus, damaged abfrontal cilia, damaged ciliary filaments, fusion of gill lamellae, and reduced inter lamellar space. Filtration rate of clams exposed to Pb (86.69 ± 1.98 ml clam-1 h-1) was lower than that in control experiments (191.86 ± 6.48 ml clam-1 h-1). Antioxidant enzymes such as esterase (EST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) exhibited different patterns in isoenzyme activity. Neutral red retention time (NRRT) showed a decrease from control to higher concentrations indicating membrane stability of hemocytic lysosomes decreased with the increasing metal exposure concentration. At LOEC and higher concentrations lysosomes showed enlargement and fragmentation. Lysosomal responses in V. cyprinoides can be used as a key cellular stress biomarker in assessing lead and other metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kariyil Veettil Neethu
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Sivasankaran Bijoy Nandan
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682016, India.
| | - Nelkunnassery Dominic Don Xavier
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Paravanparambil Rajakumar Jayachandran
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Pashnath Raghu Anu
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Alungal Manikandan Midhun
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Dhandapani Mohan
- National Centre for Coastal Research, NIOT Campus, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, India
| | - Shambanagouda R Marigoudar
- National Centre for Coastal Research, NIOT Campus, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, India
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Solé M, Freitas R, Viñas L, Rivera-Ingraham GA. Biomarker considerations in monitoring petrogenic pollution using the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:31854-31862. [PMID: 32504435 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mussels are worldwide bioindicators in pollution monitoring since they fulfil the requirements for being good sentinels. However, some methodological concerns arise in the use of particular biomarkers, particularly those displaying low enzymatic rates and/or limited responsiveness to chemicals and biological-related variability. In the present study, the suitability of oxidative stress and detoxification parameters when using mussels as sentinels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution is addressed. Present results show that the S9 subcellular fraction of the digestive gland in mussels is an adequate and convenient matrix where to measure most pollution-related biomarkers. Furthermore, this work constitutes the first evidence of the potential suitability of using particular carboxylesterase (CE) activities in determining PAHs exposure in mussels. This fact could imply the replacement of more controversial cytochrome P450 components (phase I oxidation), which are only measurable in microsomal fractions, by CEs (measured in S9 fractions) as good alternatives for phase I reactions in PAH-exposed mussels. Some methodological considerations, such as the need of including commercial purified proteins in biomarker determinations for quality assurance, are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Solé
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lucia Viñas
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| | - Georgina A Rivera-Ingraham
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética Marina (FIGEMA), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
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3
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Gilabert A, Geraudie P, Jaumot J, Porte C. Partial characterization of the lipidome of the cold-water scallop, Chlamys islandica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:1475-1484. [PMID: 31748993 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fingerprinting of the main lipid components of the digestive gland of the Icelandic scallop-Chlamys islandica-has been performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time of flight high-resolution mass spectrometry, UHPLC-HRMS/ToF. This method allowed the identification of 224 lipids, including phosphatidylcholines (PC), plasmanyl (PC-O)/plasmenyl (PC-P) phosphatidylcholines, lyso-phosphatidylcholines (LPC), and their plasmanyl/plasmenyl forms (LPC-O/LPC-P). Diacylglycerols (DG), triacylglycerols (TG), and cholesteryl esters (CE) were the neutral lipids (NL) analyzed. While all of the lipids showed a strong seasonal dependence in terms of quantity, only NLs presented significant qualitative changes. Principal component analysis (PCA) of TG and DG profiles evidenced a prevalence of low unsaturated TGs and DGs in spring, which were replaced by species with a higher degree of unsaturations in summer. In autumn, long and highly unsaturated TGs constitute the lipid fraction of the digestive gland of the scallop, while DG species offer a mixed profile. This study contributes to the characterization and the elucidation of the lipidome of Chlamys islandica and provides baseline data for further study of the effects of pollutants on the lipidome of the Icelandic scallop, often used as a sentinel species in biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gilabert
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Perrine Geraudie
- Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre, P.O. Box 6606, Langnes, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Joaquim Jaumot
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Porte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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Hermabessiere L, Paul-Pont I, Cassone AL, Himber C, Receveur J, Jezequel R, El Rakwe M, Rinnert E, Rivière G, Lambert C, Huvet A, Dehaut A, Duflos G, Soudant P. Microplastic contamination and pollutant levels in mussels and cockles collected along the channel coasts. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:807-819. [PMID: 31039474 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, environmental pollution by microplastics (<5 mm; MP) is a major issue. MP are contaminating marine organisms consumed by humans. This work studied MP contamination in two bivalve species of commercial interest: blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and common cockle (Cerastoderma edule) sampled on the Channel coastlines (France). In parallel, 13 plastic additives and 27 hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC) were quantified in bivalves flesh using SBSE-TD-GS-MS/MS to explore a possible relationship between their concentrations and MP contamination levels. MP were extracted using a 10% potassium hydroxide digestion method then identified by μ-Raman spectroscopy. The proportion of contaminated bivalves by MP ranged from 34 to 58%. Blue mussels and common cockles exhibited 0.76 ± 0.40 and 2.46 ± 1.16 MP/individual and between 0.15 ± 0.06 and 0.74 ± 0.35 MP/g of tissue wet weight. Some HOC and plastic additives were detected in bivalves. However, no significant Pearson or Spearman correlation was found between MP loads and plastic additives or HOC concentrations in bivalve tissues for the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Hermabessiere
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) - UMR6539/UBO/CNRS/ IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Anne-Laure Cassone
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) - UMR6539/UBO/CNRS/ IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Charlotte Himber
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | | | - Ronan Jezequel
- CEDRE, 715 Rue Alain Colas, 29218, Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - Maria El Rakwe
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Détection, Capteurs et Mesures (LDCM), Centre Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Emmanuel Rinnert
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Cycle Géochimique et ressources (LCG), Centre Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Gilles Rivière
- ANSES, Direction d'Evaluation des Risques, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) - UMR6539/UBO/CNRS/ IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- IFREMER, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539/UBO/CNRS/IRD/IFREMER, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Alexandre Dehaut
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Guillaume Duflos
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) - UMR6539/UBO/CNRS/ IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France.
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Lacroix C, Duvieilbourg E, Guillou N, Guyomarch J, Bassoulet C, Moraga D, Chapalain G, Auffret M. Seasonal monitoring of blue mussel (Mytilus spp.) populations in a harbor area: A focus on responses to environmental factors and chronic contamination. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 129:24-35. [PMID: 28431764 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coastal waters corresponding to macrotidal systems are among the most variable marine biotopes. Sessile animals as bivalve mollusks may however be found forming intertidal beds at high densities, as allowed by full adaptation to local conditions. A better knowledge of adaptive responses to environmental factors is required to foresee possible adverse effects of global change. At the sub-cellular level, transcriptional responses are among the earliest signals of environmental disturbances and they can reveal subtle and meaningful changes in organism exposed to stress. Three blue mussel (Mytilus spp.) populations inhabiting the Bay of Brest (France) in sites exposed to different levels of chronic pollution, from low to moderate, were surveyed upon a seasonal schedule, with special attention to the reproductive cycle. Major seawater parameters were monitored over a full-year in the framework of the S!RANO project, based on an automatic high frequency acquisition system installed aboard a ship of opportunity. The health status of mussels has been assessed by measuring a condition index and gametogenesis has been followed by histology. Selected biological responses to environmental stress were detected using a multimarker approach including expression of genes involved in chemical stress response and energetic metabolism, and cellular immune parameters. Environmental parameters showed deep seasonal variations which differed among sites. Most biological responses followed a seasonal pattern. Late winter and spring corresponded to an active reproduction period in the Bay of Brest. Earlier spawning was observed in harbor areas compared to the oceanic site and an altered physiological state was assumed in commercial harbor mussels during the reproductive period, suggesting that their health is compromised at this time of year. However, no signs of severe chemical stress were detected in both harbor mussel populations, which could reflect adaptive responses to adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lacroix
- LEMAR, UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29280 Plouzané, France; CEDRE, 715, Rue Alain Colas/CS 41836, 29218 Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - E Duvieilbourg
- LEMAR, UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - N Guillou
- LGCE, CEREMA, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - J Guyomarch
- CEDRE, 715, Rue Alain Colas/CS 41836, 29218 Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - C Bassoulet
- LDO, UMR 6538 UBO/CNRS, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - D Moraga
- LEMAR, UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - M Auffret
- LEMAR, UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Jimeno-Romero A, Bilbao E, Izagirre U, Cajaraville MP, Marigómez I, Soto M. Digestive cell lysosomes as main targets for Ag accumulation and toxicity in marine mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, exposed to maltose-stabilised Ag nanoparticles of different sizes. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:168-183. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1279358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Jimeno-Romero
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain
| | - E. Bilbao
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain
| | - U. Izagirre
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M. P. Cajaraville
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain
| | - I. Marigómez
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M. Soto
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain
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Geraudie P, Bakkemo R, Milinkovitch T, Thomas-Guyon H. First evidence of marine diesel effects on biomarker responses in the Icelandic scallops, Chlamys islandica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:16504-16512. [PMID: 27169408 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The decrease of ice cover in polar areas is expected to lead to an increase in ship traffic. In this context, the risk associated with exposure of the aquatic environment to oil-related chemicals from spills and/or accidental fuel discharges from ships will increase in the near future, potentially causing negative impacts on sensitive Arctic species. This study investigated for the first time the biomarker responses of the Icelandic scallops (Chlamys islandica) to marine diesel exposure. Antioxidant response, neurotoxic effect, gonad maturation, and lipid content were assessed in male and female scallops, Chlamys islandica after a 7-day exposure to marine diesel. At the end of exposure, results showed an inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in Icelandic scallops exposed to high concentration of diesel. At the end of exposure, results showed an increase in naphthalene residues in hemolymph, together with an inhibition of AChE activity in Icelandic scallops exposed to high concentration of diesel. In addition, alteration of the escape capacity was observed suggesting effects on behavior responses. Overall, this study contributes to the better knowledge of physiological effects of marine diesel in Arctic marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Geraudie
- Akvaplan-niva AS, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Renée Bakkemo
- University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Thomas Milinkovitch
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | - Helene Thomas-Guyon
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
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Lacroix C, Richard G, Seguineau C, Guyomarch J, Moraga D, Auffret M. Active and passive biomonitoring suggest metabolic adaptation in blue mussels (Mytilus spp.) chronically exposed to a moderate contamination in Brest harbor (France). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 162:126-137. [PMID: 25814057 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Brest harbor (Bay of Brest, Brittany, France) has a severe past of anthropogenic chemical contamination, but inputs tended to decrease, indicating a reassessment of its ecotoxicological status should be carried out. Here, native and caged mussels (Mytilus spp.) were used in combination to evaluate biological effects of chronic chemical contamination in Brest harbor. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination was measured in mussel tissues as a proxy of harbor and urban pollution. Biochemical biomarkers of xenobiotic biotransformation, antioxidant defenses, generation of reducing equivalents, energy metabolism and oxidative damage were studied in both gills and digestive glands of native and caged mussels. In particular, activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDP), pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were measured and lipid peroxidation was assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA) quantification. In addition, a condition index was calculated to assess the overall health of the mussels. Moderate PAH contamination was detected in digestive glands of both native and caged individuals from the exposed site. Modulations of biomarkers were detected in digestive glands of native harbor mussels indicating the presence of a chemical pressure. In particular, results suggested increased biotransformation (GST), antioxidant defenses (CAT), NADPH generation (IDP) and gluconeogenesis (PEPCK), which could represent a coordinated response against chemically-induced cellular stress. Lipid peroxidation assessment and condition index indicated an absence of acute stress in the same mussels suggesting metabolic changes could, at least partially, offset the negative effects of contamination. In caged mussels, only GR was found modulated compared to non-exposed mussels but significant differences in oxidative stress and energy-related biomarkers were observed compared to native harbor mussels. Overall, these results suggested mussels chronically exposed to contamination have set up metabolic adaptation, which may contribute to their survival in the moderately contaminated harbor of Brest. Whether these adaptive traits result from phenotypic plasticity or genetic adaptation needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lacroix
- LEMAR-UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Gaëlle Richard
- LEMAR-UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Catherine Seguineau
- LEMAR-UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29280 Plouzané, France; LPI-UMR 6539-IFREMER, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - Dario Moraga
- LEMAR-UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Michel Auffret
- LEMAR-UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29280 Plouzané, France
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9
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Lacroix C, Coquillé V, Guyomarch J, Auffret M, Moraga D. A selection of reference genes and early-warning mRNA biomarkers for environmental monitoring using Mytilus spp. as sentinel species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 86:304-313. [PMID: 25037875 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
mRNA biomarkers are promising tools for environmental health assessment and reference genes are needed to perform relevant qPCR analyses in tissue samples of sentinel species. In the present study, potential reference genes and mRNA biomarkers were tested in the gills and digestive glands of native and caged mussels (Mytilus spp.) exposed to harbor pollution. Results highlighted the difficulty to find stable reference genes in wild, non-model species and suggested the use of normalization indices instead of single genes as they exhibit a higher stability. Several target genes were found differentially expressed between mussel groups, especially in gills where cyp32, π-gst and CuZn-sod mRNA levels could be biomarker candidates. Multivariate analyses confirmed the ability of mRNA levels to highlight site-effects and suggested the use of several combined markers instead of individual ones. These findings support the use of qPCR technology and mRNA levels as early-warning biomarkers in marine monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lacroix
- LEMAR, UMR 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - V Coquillé
- LEMAR, UMR 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - J Guyomarch
- CEDRE, 715, Rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, 29218 Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - M Auffret
- LEMAR, UMR 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - D Moraga
- LEMAR, UMR 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Boscolo Papo M, Bertotto D, Quaglio F, Vascellari M, Pascoli F, Negrato E, Binato G, Radaelli G. Histopathology and stress biomarkers in the clam Venerupis philippinarum from the Venice Lagoon (Italy). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 39:42-50. [PMID: 24795081 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the histomorphology and the stress response in the bivalve Venerupis philippinarum sampled in four differently polluted sites of the Venice Lagoon (Palude del Monte, Marghera, Ca' Roman and Val di Brenta). This species is often used as bioindicator of environmental pollution since it can bioaccumulate a large variety of pollutants because of its filter feeding. Chemical analyses for heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were performed on whole soft tissues of V. philippinarum. The histological evaluation of clams revealed the presence of Perkinsus sp. infection in animals from all sites, although a very high prevalence of parasites was evidenced in clams from Ca' Roman. Perkinsus sp. were systemically distributed in the mantle, in the intestine and digestive gland, in gonads and gills. The trophozoites of Perkinsus sp. were found isolated or in cluster surrounded by a heavy hemocitical response. Haemocytes always exhibited an immunopositivity to cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and nitrotyrosine (NT) antibodies. The digestive gland of animals from Palude del Monte showed the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, whereas clams from Ca' Roman exhibited the highest quantity of metallothioneins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Boscolo Papo
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16 - 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Daniela Bertotto
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16 - 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Francesco Quaglio
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16 - 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10 - 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Francesco Pascoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10 - 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Elena Negrato
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16 - 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Giovanni Binato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10 - 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Radaelli
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16 - 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
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11
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López-Galindo C, Ruiz-Jarabo I, Rubio D, Nebot E, Solé M, Mancera JM. Temperature enhanced effects of chlorine exposure on the health status of the sentinel organism Mytilus galloprovincialis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:1680-1690. [PMID: 23955143 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It now is widely recognised that the global temperature is rising, a phenomenon which could alter the effects of pollution on wildlife. In order to assess the role of temperature and exposure to chlorine due to cooling water discharges, a battery of metabolic, oxidative stress and histological parameters were evaluated in Mytilus galloprovincialis after 15 and 30 days at 15 °C and at two increased temperatures (+5 and +10 °C). Diverse gill pathologies such as haemolymphatic sinus dilatation, an increased number of mucocytes and granulocytes as well as a lower number of cilia were observed after 30 days exposure at higher temperatures. Protein, amino acid, triglyceride and fatty acid levels decreased when the temperature increased, as a consequence of higher energetic demand. Similarly, acetylcholinesterase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities showed an inhibition at higher temperatures, although gill lipid peroxidation levels remained unaffected. Our results suggest that increased temperatures induce deterioration in the health status of the mussels and in their defensive capacity against a polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina López-Galindo
- Departamento de Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente, Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marina (CACYTMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, 11510, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Ruiz-Jarabo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Daniel Rubio
- Departamento de Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente, Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marina (CACYTMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, 11510, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Enrique Nebot
- Departamento de Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente, Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marina (CACYTMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, 11510, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Montserrat Solé
- Institut de Ciencies del Mar, ICM-CSIC, Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cadiz, Spain
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12
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Ochoa V, Riva C, Faria M, Köck-Schulmeyer M, de Alda ML, Barceló D, Fernandez Tejedor M, Roque A, Ginebreda A, Barata C. Are pesticide residues associated to rice production affecting oyster production in Delta del Ebro, NE Spain? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 437:209-218. [PMID: 22940045 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide usage in Delta del Ebro (NE Spain) during the rice growing season has been associated with oyster episodes of mortality that occur early in summer. However, there are no studies that have directly evaluated pesticide levels and effects in oysters (Crassotrea gigas) cultured in Ebro's Bays. In this study pesticide levels in water, metal body burdens and up to 12 different biochemical markers were monitored in gills and digestive glands of oysters transplanted from May to June in 2008 and 2009. Biochemical responses evidenced clear differences in oysters from 2008 and 2009. Oysters transplanted in 2009 showed their antioxidant defenses unaffected from May to June and consequently increased levels of tissue damage measured as lipid peroxidation and DNA strand breaks and of mortality rates. Conversely oysters transplanted in 2008 increase their antioxidant defenses from May to June, had low levels of lipid peroxidation and DNA damage and low mortality rates. Some pesticides in water such as bentazone and propanil together with high temperatures and salinity levels were related with tissue damage in oyster transplanted in 2008 but the observed large differences between years indicate that abiotic factors alone could not explain the high mortalities observed in 2009. An analysis of recent reported studies pointed out in the direction that in addition to abiotic factors the use of oysters sensitive to diseases may explain the observed responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ochoa
- Center for Research and Innovation in Toxicology, Technical University of Catalonia Campus Terrassa zona IPCT Ctra, Nac.150. km 15 08227 Terrassa, Spain
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13
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Fernández B, Campillo JA, Martínez-Gómez C, Benedicto J. Assessment of the mechanisms of detoxification of chemical compounds and antioxidant enzymes in the digestive gland of mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, from Mediterranean coastal sites. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 87:1235-1245. [PMID: 22341399 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study the effects of the main marine pollutants (metals, PAHs, PCBs and DDTs) were assessed in native mussels from the Mediterranean coast of Spain. For this purpose several biomarkers such as benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (BPH), DT-diaphorase (DTD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidases (GPs), glutathione reductase (GR), metallothionein (MT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured in the digestive gland. Results showed increased LPO levels in mussels which accumulated high loads of organic compounds and arsenic in their tissues. BPH levels correlated to the concentrations of organic compounds in mussel tissues, though the range of BPH response was low in relation to the high gradient of accumulation of organic pollutants. Increased BPH levels, concomitant to low DTD and GST activities, were detected in mussels which presented high levels of organic pollutants in their tissues. This suggests that signs of LPO present in these organisms are related to the imbalance between phase I and phase II biotransformation processes. Furthermore, the increased levels of MT and CAT detected in mussels which showed high levels of Cd in their tissues appear to reflect a coordinated response which protects against the toxicity of this metal. The application of these biomarkers in environmental assessment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Marine Environment and Environmental Protection Area, Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
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14
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Lopes B, Ferreira AM, Bebianno MJ. Responses of CYP450 dependent system to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons body burden in transplanted mussels from South coast of Portugal. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:730-749. [PMID: 22143384 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis were cross-transplanted at South Portugal from a reference site (site 1) to a site more contaminated with hydrocarbon compounds (site 2), and vice versa, in an active biomonitoring (ABM) concept, to assess the biotransformation capacity catalyzed by the mixed function oxygenase (MFO) system. Total alkanes (TAlk), the unresolved complex mixture (UCM), and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAHs) concentration increased respectively 6, 4.4 and 4.2 fold relatively to control, in mussels transplanted from site 1 to 2. In the cross-transplant, a 48, 57 and 62% depuration of TAlk, UCM and TPAHs concentrations occurred by the end of the 3-4th week. Petrogenic and biogenic (marine and terrigenous) sources of AHs, and petrogenic and pyrolitic (biomass and oil/fuel incomplete combustion) sources of PAHs were detected at both sites. CYP450, CYT b (5) and NADPH-RED in mussels transplanted from site 1 to 2 were induced from day 0 to 28, with a total increase of 35, 32 and 35%, respectively, while biochemical equilibrium to lesser environmental contamination occurs in mussels transplanted from site 2 to 1. A significant relationship between CYP450 and NADPH-RED was found with TPAH, with distinctive behavior at the two sites. MFO system components increase with exposure time at one site and decreases in the other, reflecting an adaptation to distinct environmental hydrocarbon loads. The ABM strategy proved to be useful to understand the environment real impact on the biochemical responses in mussels' local populations. In this study, CYP450 and NADPH-RED are a useful biomarker for hydrocarbon exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lopes
- CIMA, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-130 Faro, Portugal
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15
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Cravo A, Pereira C, Gomes T, Cardoso C, Serafim A, Almeida C, Rocha T, Lopes B, Company R, Medeiros A, Norberto R, Pereira R, Araújo O, Bebianno MJ. A multibiomarker approach in the clam Ruditapes decussatus to assess the impact of pollution in the Ria Formosa lagoon, South Coast of Portugal. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 75:23-34. [PMID: 22001190 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Ria Formosa lagoon is an ecosystem whose water quality reflects the anthropogenic influence upon the surrounding areas. In this lagoon, the clam Ruditapes decussatus has a great economical importance and has been widely used as a biomonitor. A multibiomarker approach (δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, metallothionein, lipid peroxidation, acetylcholinesterase, alkali-labile phosphates, DNA damage) was applied to assess the environmental quality of this ecosystem and the accumulation of contaminants and their potential adverse effects on clams. Clams were sampled in different shellfish beds in the period between July 2007 and December 2008 and abiotic parameters (temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen of seawater and organic matter in the sediment), condition index, metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb), TBTs and PAHs concentrations were measured in clam tissues. Data was integrated using Principal Component Analyses and biomarker indices: IBR (Integrated Biomarker Response) and HSI (Health Status Index). This multibiomarker approach enabled discrimination of a time and space trend between sites with different degrees of anthropogenic contamination, identifying one of them (site 2) as the most stressful and summer months as the most critical period for clams due to an increase of environmental stress (anthropogenic pressure along with extreme environmental conditions, e.g. temperature, dissolved oxygen, organic matter in the sediments, etc). The selected biomarkers provided an integrated response to assess the environmental quality of the system, proving to be a useful approach when complex mixtures of contaminants occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cravo
- CIMA-Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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16
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Falfushynska HI, Gnatyshyna LL, Farkas A, Vehovszky A, Gyori J, Stoliar OB. Vulnerability of biomarkers in the indigenous mollusk Anodonta cygnea to spontaneous pollution in a transition country. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 81:1342-1351. [PMID: 20817257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the sensitivity of biomarkers of stress and exposure in the bivalve mollusk Anodonta cygnea to spontaneous anthropogenic activities typical for the Western Ukraine. Three sites were examined during spring, summer and autumn: an agricultural site (A); the cooling pond of nuclear power plant (N) and a forestry close to the municipal water inlet (F). Common temporal changes of a battery of biochemical markers in the gills and hemolymph and morphological characteristics were shown by discriminant functional analysis. Classification trees built on the basis of the screened biomarkers demonstrated persistent peculiarities at each site: genotoxicity (nuclear abnormalities) at site A and endocrine disruption (high levels of vitellogenin-like proteins (Vtg-LP) in hemolymph) at site F. Interim local effects were best characterized by metallothionein (MT) concentrations, lipid peroxidation (LPO), activities of glutathione S-transferase and lactate dehydrogenase, and the conditional index of the gills. In autumn, the mollusks from the three sites revealed the highest differences in pollution status: the activation of antioxidant defense and cholinesterase were typical for site A, highest levels of MT related to high levels of Cu and Cd in the water at site B, and a steep increase in the level of Vtg-LP and the decrease of lysosomal membrane stability were recorded at the site selected as reference (F). The biomarker alterations recorded at site F were later related to an emergency event at the municipal dump located nearby. Thus, our case study demonstrated the reliability of using biomarkers of exposure to assess both long-term and accidental environmental pollution loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina I Falfushynska
- Department of Chemistry, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, M. Kryvonosa Street 2, Ternopil 46027, Ukraine
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17
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Damásio J, Navarro-Ortega A, Tauler R, Lacorte S, Barceló D, Soares AMVM, López MA, Riva MC, Barata C. Identifying major pesticides affecting bivalve species exposed to agricultural pollution using multi-biomarker and multivariate methods. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2010; 19:1084-1094. [PMID: 20369380 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-010-0490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to identify major pesticides that may cause detrimental effects in bivalve species affected by agricultural pollution. Investigations were carried out using freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea) transplanted in the main drainage channels that collect the effluents coming from agriculture fields in the Ebro Delta (NE Spain) during the main growing season of rice (from May to August). Environmental hazards were assessed by measuring simultaneous up 46 contaminant levels and 9 biomarker responses. Measured biological responses showed marked differences across sites and months. Antioxidant and esterase enzyme responses were in most cases inhibited. Lipid peroxidation levels increased steadily from May in upstream stations to August in drainage channels. Principal Component (PCA) and Partial Least Squares to Latent Structure regression (PLS) analyses allowed the identification of endosulfan, propanil, and phenylureas as being the chemical contaminants causing the most adverse effects in the studied species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Damásio
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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López-Galindo C, Vargas-Chacoff L, Nebot E, Casanueva JF, Rubio D, Mancera JM, Solé M. Sublethal responses of the common mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) exposed to sodium hypochlorite and Mexel432 used as antifoulants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:825-834. [PMID: 20106525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The sublethal effects of two antifoulants currently used in power plant cooling systems were assessed in the common mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and an alkyl amine surfactant (Mexel432) assayed, were within the range of those currently discharged by power plants into receiving waters. Enzymatic activities and oxidative stress responses were measured in digestive gland and gill of mussels after 1, 3, 7 and 14 days of exposure, as well as histopathology in gill tissue. Both antifoulants caused a pathological response in gills and the activities of the enzymes glutathione S-transferase, catalase, acetylcholinesterase and the lipid peroxidation levels were also affected. Exposure to NaClO caused a greater toxicological response than Mexel432. In both treatments, gills appeared to be the most affected tissue, although Mexel432 also significantly affected digestive gland parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina López-Galindo
- Departamento de Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
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19
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Santiago-Rivas S, Moreda-Piñeiro A, del Carmen Barciela-Alonso M, Bermejo-Barrera P. Characterization of raft mussels according to total trace elements and trace elements bound to metallothionein-like proteins. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING : JEM 2010; 11:1389-96. [PMID: 20449229 DOI: 10.1039/b905942n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the current work, samples of Mytilus galloprovincialis collected in different sites from Ría de Arousa estuary (Galicia, north-western Spain) were analysed for total Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, and for Ba, Cu, Mn and Zn bound to metallothionein-like proteins isoform I (MLP-I) contents. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to assess total metal contents in raft mussels, while high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an on-line metal detection with ICP-OES was used to measure metals bound to MLP-I. A microwave assisted acid digestion procedure was used as a sample pre-treatment for total metal contents, while a cytosolic preparation method based on a blending procedure with TRIS-HCl (pH 7.4) as an extracting solution was used to isolate MLP-I. Concentrations of total metals and metals bound to MLP-I were used as discriminating factors to establish different regions in the Ría de Arousa estuary. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used as unsupervised pattern recognition procedures, and the half-range central value transformation was used as a data pre-treatment to homogenize data sets. Results have revealed a separation of raft mussels in good agreement with water circulation pattern and oceanographic processes in the estuary only when concentrations of metals to bound MLP-I are used as discriminating factors. Otherwise, raft mussels are classified as samples harvested in the inner or outer sides of the Ría.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Santiago-Rivas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias, s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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20
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Fernández B, Albentosa M, Viñas L, Franco A, González JJ, Campillo JA. Integrated assessment of water quality of the Costa da Morte (Galicia, NW Spain) by means of mussel chemical, biochemical and physiological parameters. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2010; 19:735-750. [PMID: 20033486 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-009-0450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess environmental quality at some of the sites most severely affected by the Prestige oil spill off 2 years after the spillage (April and November 2004). For this purpose analyses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and several biochemical (antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and DT-diaphorase and lipid peroxidation) and physiological [scope for growth (SFG)] biomarkers were determined on wild mussel populations (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected at four points along the Costa da Morte and compared with those of a reference site not affected by the oil spill. Results showed that PAH contents had markedly decreased 17 months after the accident, although they were higher in April than in November, when they showed values similar to background levels reported for this area. Nevertheless, the predominance of chrysene on PAH profiles, similarly to findings obtained immediately after the spill, indicated the Prestige as their main source. In spite of the low PAH levels recorded, antioxidant activity levels (explained through the integrated antioxidant response-IAR) were higher in the Costa da Morte than at the reference site either in April and November. In April IAR seems to be related to PAH levels found 3 months after the accident (February 2003), suggesting the persistence in the environment of oxidative stress-producing components from the spill. However, evidence of oxidative stress was not reflected at physiological level by scope for growth, with only very slight differences being observed between values from the reference site and those from Costa da Morte sites. In conclusion, although 2 years after the spill PAHs bioaccumulated by mussels from the Costa da Morte had decreased to background levels, biochemical parameters showed signals of oxidative stress in mussels from this area. However, SFG reflected a good health status for the mussel populations studied and did not reveal evidence of physiological disturbance either 17 or 24 months after the Prestige spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Varadero 1, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
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21
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Baussant T, Bechmann RK, Taban IC, Larsen BK, Tandberg AH, Bjørnstad A, Torgrimsen S, Naevdal A, Øysaed KB, Jonsson G, Sanni S. Enzymatic and cellular responses in relation to body burden of PAHs in bivalve molluscs: a case study with chronic levels of North Sea and Barents Sea dispersed oil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2009; 58:1796-1807. [PMID: 19732912 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mytilus edulis and Chlamys islandica were exposed to nominal dispersed crude oil concentrations in the range 0.015-0.25 mg/l for one month. Five biomarkers (enzymatic and cellular responses) were analysed together with bioaccumulation of PAHs at the end of exposure. In both species, PAH tissue residues reflected the exposure concentration measured in the water and lipophilicity determined the bioaccumulation levels. Oil caused biomarker responses in both species but more significant alterations in exposed C. islandica were observed. The relationships between exposure levels and enzymatic responses were apparently complex. The integrated biomarker response related against the exposure levels was U-shaped in both species and no correlation with total PAH body burden was found. For the monitoring of chronic offshore discharges, dose- and time-related events should be evaluated in the selection of biomarkers to apply. From this study, cellular damages appear more fitted than enzymatic responses, transient and more complex to interpret.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Baussant
- International Research Institute of Stavanger/IRIS-Biomiljø, Mekjarvik 12, 4070 Randaberg, Norway.
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Effects on feeding rate and biomarker responses of marine mussels experimentally exposed to propranolol and acetaminophen. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:649-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Contardo-Jara V, Galanti LN, Amé MV, Monferrán MV, Wunderlin DA, Wiegand C. Biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes of Limnoperna fortunei detect site impact in watercourses of Córdoba, Argentina. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:1871-1880. [PMID: 19631986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei was used as a biomonitor of environmental pollution in the Suquía River basin around Córdoba City (Argentina). The sampling sites along the river were chosen according to their increasing levels of pollutants (e.g. heavy metals) as well as biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). A water quality index (WQI) was constructed from the interaction of several normalized factors that affect the aquatic environment, such as the mentioned pollutants and physico-chemical characteristics of the sampling sites. Activity changes of biotransformation enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT), after exposure to pollutants, served as biomarkers. Membrane bound GST and antioxidant enzymes responded at the most polluted sampling site within 1 day showing increased activities lasting for 4 days. Further sampling was restricted due to no survival of the animals. Antioxidant enzymes GPx, GR and CAT were sensitive responding to the different pollution scenarios, showing good correlation to the chemical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeska Contardo-Jara
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of Inland Fisheries, Biochemical Regulation, Mueggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
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Izagirre U, Ruiz P, Marigómez I. Time-course study of the early lysosomal responses to pollutants in mussel digestive cells using acid phosphatase as lysosomal marker enzyme. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:587-97. [PMID: 19174192 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal biomarkers are early warning signals of the biological effects caused by environmental pollutants but the promptness of lysosomal responses to pollutants has not been investigated yet. This work is aimed to determine the response-time of digestive cell lysosomes in mussels exposed to metals and hydrocarbons. Mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, were exposed, under laboratory conditions to Cd and to the water-accommodated fraction of a lubricant oil. One mussel per experimental group was sacrificed and processed every hour from 0 h to 30 h. Changes in AcP activity, immunoreactivity and LMS test based on AcP histochemistry, discriminates significantly control and exposed mussels within 5 h exposure. The present results suggested that after 15-20 h exposure digestive cell loss might be accompanied by increased AcP activity (extralysosomal) without a parallel increase in the levels of immunoreactive AcP protein, especially after Cd-exposure. The reduced labilisation period of lysosomal membrane constitute a cost effective early warning signal that, however, is not necessarily correlated with the exposure time. The routine application of immunochemical techniques deserves more research efforts before its implementation although, these techniques are very valuable to understand and interpret correctly lysosomal responses to pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urtzi Izagirre
- Department of Zoology and Cell Biology, School of Sciences and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbo, Basque Country, Spain
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Solé M, Kopecka-Pilarczyk J, Blasco J. Pollution biomarkers in two estuarine invertebrates, Nereis diversicolor and Scrobicularia plana, from a Marsh ecosystem in SW Spain. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2009; 35:523-531. [PMID: 19010546 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2008.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor and the clam Scrobicularia plana were collected from several sites, affected by different types of contamination, in a littoral enclosure in the SW Spain (Caño Sancti-Petri and Rio San Pedro). N. diversicolor was present in 6 sampling sites whereas S. plana in 4 of them. The aim of our study was to relate several pollution biomarkers to chemical sources (metals and organic pollutants e.g. PCB, PAH) in these species, thereby confirming their adequacy as sentinels for this habitat. The biomarkers surveyed in the two invertebrates were the activities of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), the phase II detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the neurotoxicity marker acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Metallothionein (MT) levels were measured as a biomarker of exposure to metals. The results suggested a different response in the two sediment-dwelling organisms, the sediment-eating polychaete and the water-filtering clam, probably as a consequence of different contamination exposures. The results also suggested that samples from the "Caño Sancti-Petri" were exposed to biologically active compounds that altered some of their biochemical responses. Of all the biomarkers tested, AChE was the most sensitive one and N. diversicolor the potentially most robust sentinel in this ecosystem. In this low to moderately polluted environment, the biochemical approach better reflected temporal trends than site-related differences although it was also able to detect punctual chemical insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Solé
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Av. República Saharaui, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Cravo A, Lopes B, Serafim Â, Company R, Barreira L, Gomes T, Bebianno MJ. A multibiomarker approach in Mytilus galloprovincialis to assess environmental quality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:1673-86. [DOI: 10.1039/b909846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Solé M, Lobera G, Lima D, Reis-Henriques MA, Santos MM. Esterases activities and lipid peroxidation levels in muscle tissue of the shanny Lipophrys pholis along several sites from the Portuguese Coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 56:999-1007. [PMID: 18295805 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study is part of a project aiming to validate the use of the intertidal shanny Lipophorys pholis as a sentinel species in pollution monitoring in NW European marine ecosystems. To this end, a characterisation of acethylcholin (AChE), butyrylcholin (BChE) and propionylcholin (PrChE) esterases in L. pholis muscle was performed and the results indicated that AChE was predominant. Furthermore, the use of eserine sulphate and BW284c51 (0.64-800 microM), and iso-OMPA (0.08-16 mM), confirmed the measurement of true cholinesterases (ChEs) as well as the presence of pseudocholinesterases. The field application of these markers to L. pholis, sampled in seven locations along the Portuguese coast, revealed that fish were likely to be affected by neurotoxic compounds. This was indicated by the significant depletion of AChE (p<0.05) in animals collected at urban and industrialised sites, compared with those from reference locations. The inclusion of a marker of effect, measured as lipid peroxidation levels in muscle tissue, also revealed the existence of site differences. Overall, the study further validates the utility of L. pholis in pollution monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Solé
- Institut de Ciències del Mar ICM-CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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Zorita I, Apraiz I, Ortiz-Zarragoitia M, Orbea A, Cancio I, Soto M, Marigómez I, Cajaraville MP. Assessment of biological effects of environmental pollution along the NW Mediterranean Sea using mussels as sentinel organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2007; 148:236-50. [PMID: 17240014 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of assessing the biological effects of pollution along three gradients of pollution in the NW Mediterranean Sea, a biomonitoring survey was implemented using a battery of biomarkers (lysosomal membrane stability, lysosomal structural changes, metallothionein (MT) induction and peroxisome proliferation) in mussels over a period of two years as part of the EU-funded BEEP project. Mussels from the most impacted zones (Fos, Genova and Barcelona harbours) showed enlarged lysosomes accompanied by reduced labilisation period of lysosomal membranes, indicating disturbed health. MT levels did not reveal significant differences between stations and were significantly correlated with gonad index, suggesting that they were influenced by gamete development. Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) activity was significantly inhibited in polluted stations possibly due to interactions among mixtures of pollutants. In conclusion, the application of a battery of effect and exposure biomarkers provided relevant data for the assessment of biological effects of environmental pollution along the NW Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaskun Zorita
- Biologia Zelularra eta Histologia Laborategia, Zoologia eta Biologia Zelularra Saila, Zientzia eta Teknologia Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea/Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
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29
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Monteiro M, Quintaneiro C, Nogueira AJA, Morgado F, Soares AMVM, Guilhermino L. Impact of chemical exposure on the fish Pomatoschistus microps Krøyer (1838) in estuaries of the Portuguese Northwest coast. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 66:514-22. [PMID: 16844193 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Juveniles of the estuarine fish Pomatoschistus microps were collected from autumn 2001 to summer 2002 in five stations along the Portuguese Northwest coast with different types and/or levels of environmental contamination: two reference sites with low levels of contamination (R1 and R2) and three differently impacted areas with higher levels of contamination. UI is located in an estuary under the influence of urban and industrial effluents, AA in a channel that receives intensive agriculture run-off and IE in a highly impacted industrial area. The activity of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) were used as environmental biomarkers on P. microps. A significant seasonality effect on all the enzymatic activities was found, lower levels being registered in winter and spring on AChE, in autumn on LDH, and in winter on GST and EROD. The battery of biomarkers used was capable of discriminating sites with different types and/or levels of contamination, R1 and UI being the highest discriminated (91.7% and 66.7%, respectively). At R1 significantly lower levels of AChE and LDH were found, and EROD was significantly inducted at UI. Furthermore, IE presented higher levels of GST, and R2 and AA an inhibition of AChE in winter and spring. The results indicated that the battery of biomarkers used in this study seems to be a useful tool to distinguish between different types of environmental contamination in estuarine systems, and that P. microps is a suitable species to be used as bioindicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monteiro
- CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Cajaraville MP, Ortiz-Zarragoitia M. Specificity of the peroxisome proliferation response in mussels exposed to environmental pollutants. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2006; 78 Suppl 1:S117-23. [PMID: 16600397 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferation has been proposed as novel biomarker of exposure to organic pollutants in aquatic organisms. Peroxisome proliferator compounds comprise a heterogeneous group of substances known for their ability to cause massive proliferation of peroxisomes and liver carcinogenesis in sensitive species such as rodents. Recently, several marine organisms (mussels and fish) have been shown as target species of peroxisome proliferators. In the present work, we aimed to investigate the specificity of the peroxisome proliferation response in mussels. For this purpose, mussels (Mytilus edulis) were exposed for three weeks to North Sea crude oil (NSO), a mixture of NSO, alkylphenols and extra PAHs (MIX), diallylphthalate (DAP), bisphenol-A (BPA) and tetrabromodiphenylether (TBDE), or transplanted for three weeks to four stations showing different copper concentrations in a copper mine. Peroxisome proliferation was assessed by measuring the activity of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzyme acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) and the volume density occupied by peroxisomes (V(VP)) in the digestive gland. Mussels exposed to NSO and MIX showed significantly increased AOX activities and V(VP) compared to control animals. Significantly higher V(VP) was also found in DAP and TBDE exposed mussels. V(VP) did not vary in mussels transplanted into a copper concentration gradient. Our results confirm the usefulness and specificity of peroxisome proliferation as a suitable biomarker of exposure to organic contaminants such as oil derived hydrocarbons, phthalate plasticizers and polybrominated flame retardants in mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren P Cajaraville
- Biologia Zelularra eta Histologia Laborategia, Zoologia eta Biologia Zelularra Saila, Zientzia eta Teknologia Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, 644 P.K., E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
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31
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Champeau O, Narbonne JF. Effects of tributyltin and 17β-estradiol on immune and lysosomal systems of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (M.). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2006; 21:323-330. [PMID: 21783675 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2005.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater clams Corbicula fluminea were experimentally exposed to a range of tributyltin (TBT) (50, 250 and 500ng Sn/L) and 17β-estradiol (20, 200, 2000ng/L) for 30 days. After 15 and 30 days, phagocytosis activity of haemocytes and lysosomal structural changes in the digestive cells were assayed. 17β-Estradiol exerted a higher inhibition on phagocytosis than tributyltin. This would suggest the existence of estrogen receptors, influencing the immune function. The stereological parameters measured for lysosomal structural changes in animals exposed to tributyltin varied as observed in other studies. Tributyltin is then depurated as other contaminants via digestive cell lysosomal compartment. This experiment emphasized a possible approach on the influence of endocrine disrupting compounds on a hermaphroditic species for environmental surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Champeau
- LPTC Toxicologie Biochimique, Université de Bordeaux 1, UMR CNRS 5472, avenue des facultés, 33405 Talence cedex, France
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Ortiz-Zarragoitia M, Cajaraville MP. Biomarkers of exposure and reproduction-related effects in mussels exposed to endocrine disruptors. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2006; 50:361-9. [PMID: 16328616 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-005-1082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are useful tools to study the health of estuarine and marine ecosystems. Biomarkers can be measured in different organisms, but mussels have acquired a global importance as sentinels in marine pollution-monitoring programs. In the present work, we aimed to determine the effects of different endocrine disruptors in mussels by using peroxisome proliferation as a biomarker of exposure to organic pollutants and the levels of vitellogenin (Vtg)-like proteins as biomarker of endocrine disruption. In experiment 1, mussels Mytilus edulis were exposed for 3 weeks to North Sea crude oil (NSO 0.5 ppm) and a mixture of 0.5 ppm NSO, 0.1 ppm alkylphenol mix, and 0.1 ppm extra polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (MIX). In experiment 2, mussels were exposed for 3 weeks to diallylphthalate (DAP 50 ppb), bisphenol-A (BPA 50 ppb), and tetrabromodiphenylether (TBDE 5 ppb). Peroxisome proliferation was assessed by measuring acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) activity and peroxisomal volume density (VVp) in digestive gland. Vtg-like protein levels were measured in gonads by the alkali-labile phosphate (ALP) method. Gonad was also analyzed histologically, and the gonad index (GI) calculated. Mussels exposed to NSO and MIX showed significantly increased AOX activities and VVP compared with control animals. Significantly higher VVP was also found in DAP- and TBDE-exposed mussels. Effects on ALP and GI depended significantly on sex and time of year. In female mussels, ALP levels and GI were lower in the NSO group. In male mussels, ALP levels were significantly increased in the MIX group. The volume density of athretic oocytes was higher in the NSO and MIX exposure groups than in controls, and gonad resorption was observed in the BPA exposure group. Our results confirm the usefulness of peroxisome proliferation as a biomarker of exposure to organic contaminants in mussels and indicate that changes in Vtg-like proteins could be used as potential indicator of pollutant effects on mussel reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ortiz-Zarragoitia
- Biologia Zelularra eta Histologia Laborategia, Zoologia eta Biologia Zelularra Saila, Zientzia eta Teknologia Fakultatea, UPV/EHU, 644 PK, Bilbao, Basque Country, E-48080, Spain
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Pempkowiak J, Pazdro K, Kopecka J, Perez E, Sole M. Toxicants accumulation rates and effects in Mytilus trossulus and Nereis diversicolor exposed separately or together to cadmium and PAHs. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2006; 41:2571-86. [PMID: 17000547 DOI: 10.1080/10934520600927963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Two invertebrates, Mytilus trossulus and Nereis diversicolor, were exposed in aquaria to cadmium (50 microg L(-1)) and a mixture of three- to six-ring PAHs (2 microg L(-1) each) for 2 weeks. Organisms of two species were reared in separate tanks or together in the same one. Concentrations of Cd, PAHs and activities of selected biomarkers: catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured within 2 weeks of exposure. When reared separately, higher accumulation rates for cadmium were measured in mussels (16.4 microg day(-1) g(-1) d.w. lipid-free tissue) than in polychaeta (0.7 microg Cd g(-1) d.w day(-1)). When co-exposed, a difference in bioaccumulation was maintained but the accumulation rate in N. diversicolor increased to 1.0 microg Cd g(-1) d.w. day(-1) and decreased to 9.6 microg Cd g(-1) d.w. day(-1) in M. trossulus. On the contrary, faster bioaccumulation rates of PAHs were seen in polychaeta than in mussels when exposed separately (19.3 vs 4.5 microg PAHs day(-1) g(-1) lipid weight) than together (12.0 vs 3.1 microg PAHs g(-1) l.w. day(-1)). Substantial changes in the bioaccumulation patterns of the different M. trossulus organs were observed when both species were reared together. Biochemical responses indicated no effect of the accumulated contaminants on AChE, enhancement of CAT in both species and depletion of GST in Mytilus. The observed differences are discussed in terms of different bioavailability of contaminants, route of uptake and detoxification mechanism, under the two modes of exposure.
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Schiedek D, Broeg K, Barsiene J, Lehtonen KK, Gercken J, Pfeifer S, Vuontisjärvi H, Vuorinen PJ, Dedonyte V, Koehler A, Balk L, Schneider R. Biomarker responses as indication of contaminant effects in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and female eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) from the southwestern Baltic Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2006; 53:387-405. [PMID: 16380139 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During a field study performed in spring and autumn 2001 and 2002, blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and female eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) were collected at three locations in the Wismar Bay (Baltic Sea), and several biomarkers of contaminant effects were analysed. Besides seasonal and inter-annual variations, biomarker signals were most pronounced at the location closest to Wismar Harbour (Wendorf) in both species. Lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) was lowest and acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) was significantly reduced. Frequency of micronuclei (MN) was significantly higher (in blue mussels), indicating mutagenic effects. In eelpout elevated levels of DNA adducts, EROD induction and PAH-metabolites were measured. Metallothionein (MT), biomarker for trace metal exposure, showed a gradient only in spring. Organochlorine contaminant analyses (PCBs, DDTs) corresponded to the observed biomarker levels. The results obtained clearly demonstrate pollution effects in the southwestern Baltic Sea. Moreover, they show that a multibiomarker approach is also applicable in a brackish water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Schiedek
- Baltic Sea Research Institute, Seestrasse 15, D-18119 Rostock, Germany.
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Lehtonen KK, Schiedek D. Monitoring biological effects of pollution in the Baltic Sea: neglected--but still wanted? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2006; 53:377-86. [PMID: 16413586 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the Baltic Sea, studies regarding biological effects of contaminants are relatively few, partly due to political and economical reasons, specific hydrographic characteristics, and a strong eutrophication-targeted research focus during the past three decades. The development of a monitoring strategy concerning biological effects and its implementation into environmental monitoring programmes in the Baltic Sea is lagging behind the progress currently taking place in most of western and southern Europe. The pan-European project BEEP (Biological Effects of Environmental Pollution on Marine Coastal Ecosystems, 2001-2004) included the Baltic Sea as one of the target areas for the evaluation of a suite of biological effects indicators in European coastal waters. The main aims of the BEEP project are described and how the expected outcome for the Baltic Sea could provide the needed "baseline" information and expertise for a biological effect monitoring and contribute to harmonise environmental monitoring programmes within the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari K Lehtonen
- Finnish Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2, FI-00561 Helsinki, Finland.
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Kopecka J, Lehtonen KK, Barsiene J, Broeg K, Vuorinen PJ, Gercken J, Pempkowiak J. Measurements of biomarker levels in flounder (Platichthys flesus) and blue mussel (Mytilus trossulus) from the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2006; 53:406-21. [PMID: 16678859 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of the EU funded BEEP project a set of biomarkers, gross morphometric indices and tissue concentrations of selected organic pollutants were measured in flounder (Platichthys flesus) and mussels (Mytilus trossulus) collected twice a year (April and October) from three sites in the inner Gulf of Gdańsk between autumn 2001 and spring 2003. In flounder, seasonal differences in most biomarkers were observed, but no correlations with tissue pollutant levels could be found. In mussels, highly variable levels in biomarker responses were seen, but no clear seasonal or spatial trends, directly related to tissue concentrations, could be established. The observed biomarkers distribution the study sites are probably mostly caused by interannual, seasonal and individual variability and, in case of flounder, possibly by exchange of stocks between the sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kopecka
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, ul Powstańców Warszawy 55, PL-81-712 Sopot, Poland.
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Marigómez I, Soto M, Cancio I, Orbea A, Garmendia L, Cajaraville MP. Cell and tissue biomarkers in mussel, and histopathology in hake and anchovy from Bay of Biscay after the Prestige oil spill (Monitoring Campaign 2003). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2006; 53:287-304. [PMID: 16271373 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess the biological effects of the Prestige oil spill (POS), mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), European hake (Merluccius merluccius) and European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) were sampled between April and September 2003 in various geographical areas of Bay of Biscay: Galicia, Central Cantabrian and East Cantabrian. In mussels, several cell and tissue biomarkers were measured: peroxisome proliferation as induction of acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) activity, lysosomal responses as changes in the structure (lysosomal volume density, V(V(L)), surface-to-volume ratio, S/V(L), and numerical density, N(V(L))) and in membrane stability (labilization period, LP), cell type replacement as relative proportion of basophilic cells (volume density of basophilic cells, V(V(BAS))) in digestive gland epithelium, and changes in the morphology of digestive alveoli as mean luminal radius to mean epithelial thickness (MLR/MET). Additionally, flesh condition index (FCI) and gonad index (GI) were measured as supporting parameters. In hake and anchovy, liver histopathology was examined to determine the prevalence of parasites, melanomacrophage centers, non-specific lesions (inflammatory changes, atrophy, necrosis, apoptosis), early non-neoplastic toxicopathic lesions (i.e., hepatocellular nuclear polymorphism), foci of cellular alteration, benign and malignant neoplasms. In mussels, AOX induction was noticeable in April except in Galicia. LP values were low in all the geographical areas studied, indicating disturbed health, especially in Galicia. Alike, lysosomal enlargement was observed in most stations as shown by the extremely low S/V(L) values. V(V(BAS)) and MLR/MET values were markedly high. Overall, employed biomarkers detected exposure to toxic chemicals and disturbed health in mussels from Bay of Biscay, with impact decreasing from April to September. Although hepatocellular nuclear polymorphism and nematode parasitization in fish liver were remarkably prominent in some areas, they cannot be hitherto related to POS, since we lack historical data to determine whether the prevalences found were normal or significantly raised after POS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionan Marigómez
- Zoologia eta Biologia Zelularra Saila, Zientzia eta Teknologia Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 P.K., E-48080 Bilbo, Basque Country, Spain.
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Gorinstein S, Arancibia-Avila P, Moncheva S, Toledo F, Trakhtenberg S, Gorinstein A, Goshev I, Namiesnik J. Changes in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis protein profile as a reaction of water pollution. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2006; 32:95-100. [PMID: 16099046 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2005.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 06/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present report the changes in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis protein profile, as a reaction of water pollution, is presented. The antioxidant capacity was determined by the efficacy to scavenge the derived radical in mussel samples using the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay. The highest percentage of inhibition was estimated in protein mussels from the dirty area (DM) in comparison with the clean samples (CM). The amounts of both zinc and copper determined by atomic spectroscopy were significantly higher in the protein mussels from the dirty than from the clean areas (P<0.05). Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and fluorescence revealed specific qualitative changes in secondary and tertiary structures of mussel proteins from the dirty area by the shift in the amides I and II positions and fluorescence intensity. Estimated temperature and enthalpy of denaturation in the protein mussels well correlated with fluorescence and spectroscopic measurements and showed the changes influenced by water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shela Gorinstein
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Ivanković D, Pavicić J, Erk M, Filipović-Marijić V, Raspor B. Evaluation of the Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. digestive gland metallothionein as a biomarker in a long-term field study: seasonal and spatial variability. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2005; 50:1303-13. [PMID: 15946700 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A study was made of seasonal and spatial variability of metallothionein (MT) concentrations, determined spectrophotometrically in the soluble fraction of the digestive gland of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, collected between 1999 and 2001 from several coastal and estuarine locations along the central Eastern Adriatic coast (Croatia). The seasonal influence on the MT and metal concentrations (higher values in winter-spring season, than in summer-autumn season) is more pronounced than the local site-specific influence. Furthermore, within each season a significant site-specific dependence on the MT and trace metal variations can be detected. An inverse relationship of mussel condition index (CI) and temperature with MT and trace metals levels indicates the influence of food abundance and mussel annual reproductive cycle. Substantially higher concentrations of both MT and Cd were recorded in mussels inhabiting estuarine locations, possibly indicating a markedly higher Cd bioavailability at these locations. The positive correlations obtained between MT and Cd in all seasons except autumn support an argument for application of digestive gland MT as a biomarker of Cd exposure, providing evidence for assessing the most appropriate season for mussel sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ivanković
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruder Bosković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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Amaral AFS, dos Santos Rodrigues A. Metal accumulation and apoptosis in the alimentary canal of Lumbricus terrestris as a metal biomarker. Biometals 2005; 18:199-206. [PMID: 15984564 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-005-0335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The chloragogenous tissue and the intestinal epithelium of adult earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris, sampled from sites with and without volcanic activity in the Azores were submitted to hematoxylin/eosin staining, autometallography and TUNEL-test in order to quantify the radial thickness of both tissues, their relative abundance of metals and apoptosis levels. Metals were visualized, through light microscopy, as black silver deposits (BSD) mostly in the chloragogenous tissue. The lowest radial thickness values of both tissues were found in the active volcanic sites, as well as the highest BSD and apoptosis levels. The BSD extent in the chloragogenous tissue, semi-quantified by stereology, exhibited a positive correlation with the apoptosis levels and a negative one with the radial thickness of both tissues. Thus, the variation of the radial thickness of both tissues, but especially of the chloragogenous tissue, which could reflect different cellular turnover rates caused by exposure to metals, is suggested as a biomarker of effect for metal exposure in terrestrial worms inhabiting volcanic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Filipe Santos Amaral
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos A,cores, APT 1422, PT-9501-855 Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, Açores, Portugal.
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Moreira SM, Guilhermino L. The use of Mytilus galloprovincialis acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferases activities as biomarkers of environmental contamination along the northwest Portuguese coast. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2005; 105:309-25. [PMID: 15952525 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-005-3854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of using Mytilus galloprovincialis acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) activities as biomarkers of environmental contamination in risk assessment studies along the northwest Portuguese coast, the objective of this study was to provide background information related to: (1) baseline values of these enzymatic activities both in reference and contaminated areas and their responsiveness as indicators of exposure to environmental contaminants; (2) the importance of seasonal variations of such biomarkers in M. galloprovincialis along this area. For this, the activity of these enzymes was seasonally determined in mussels collected from four sites, including a reference and three stations with different contamination sources along the referred area. Statistically significant differences on both enzymatic activities were found among the four sampling stations, at the four sampling periods. In comparison to the reference station, lower AChE and higher GST activity values were found in mussels collected in stations potentially contaminated by pesticides and domestic/industrial effluents and in mussels collected in the vicinity of an oil refinery and an industrial/mercantile harbour, respectively. The results obtained in this work highlighted the potential suitability of these biomarkers to be used as components of environmental monitoring programs in risk assessment studies along the northwest Portuguese coast. Since a seasonal variation in both enzymatic activities was found, the possible implications of such variability in the use of these enzymes as environmental biomarkers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Moreira
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Departamento de Estudos de Populações, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Moreira SM, Moreira-Santos M, Ribeiro R, Guilhermino L. The 'Coral Bulker' fuel oil spill on the north coast of Portugal: spatial and temporal biomarker responses in Mytilus galloprovincialis. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2004; 13:619-630. [PMID: 15673211 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-003-4422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In December 2000, the ship 'Coral Bulker' ran aground at the entrance of the port of Viana do Castelo (North-west coast of Portugal). A large amount of fuel oil was spilled and part of it reached the shore. To evaluate the spatial and temporal impact of this oil spill, a field study, and several laboratory toxicity tests were performed using Mytilus galloprovincialis as biological indicator of environmental contamination and the biomarkers glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as indicative criteria. Fifteen days after the oil spill, mussels collected at stations located near the ship presented higher and lower values of GSTs and AChE activity, respectively. These results, and those obtained in the laboratory toxicity tests, evidence that these biomarkers were sensitive indicators of exposure to this kind of pollution and were able to monitor a spatial impact of the oil spill of at least 10 km, confirming the higher level of contamination near the ship and a contamination gradient along the sampling stations. One year after the accident, such a contamination gradient was no longer evident. This study highlight the potential suitability of a biomarker approach for assessing spatial and temporal impacts of marine pollution accidents, such as fuel oil spills, suggesting the inclusion of these biomarkers in risk assessment studies, as cost-effective and early warning recognized tools. Major advantages and limitations of the biomarker approach used in this study are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Maria Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Departamento de Estudos de Populações, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade do Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal.
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Pérez E, Blasco J, Solé M. Biomarker responses to pollution in two invertebrate species: Scrobicularia plana and Nereis diversicolor from the Cádiz bay (SW Spain). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2004; 58:275-279. [PMID: 15178044 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The clam Scrobicularia plana and the polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor were collected in several sites from a littoral enclosure in SW Spain. The aim of our study was to relate various biomarker responses in these species to a pollution gradient caused by untreated domestic discharges and to verify the adequacy of the selected species as sentinels in this habitat. The biomarkers selected were the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and DT-diaphorase (DT-D). In addition, the activities of cytochrome P450-dependent ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity, the phase II detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the neurotoxicity marker acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured. Metallothionein levels were selected as biomarkers of heavy metals exposure in both species. The results suggest a different response in the water filtering organism (clam) and the sediment eater (polychaete), probably as a consequent of different pollution exposure and that samples from the "Caño Sancti-Petri" were exposed to biologically active compounds that altered some of their biochemical responses. AChE was the most sensitive biomarker in both species and N. diversicolor proved to be a more robust sentinel in this ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkuden Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC), Av. República Saharaui, 2, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Biomonitoring of environmental pollution along the Basque coast, using molecular, cellular and tissue-level biomarkers: an integrative approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0422-9894(04)80052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Gorinstein S, Moncheva S, Katrich E, Toledo F, Arancibia P, Goshev I, Trakhtenberg S. Antioxidants in the black mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) as an indicator of Black Sea coastal pollution. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2003; 46:1317-1325. [PMID: 14550344 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-326x(03)00239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The biologically active compounds, antioxidant activities, and free radical scavenging effects of black mussel dry matter (Mytilus galloprovincialis)--(BMDM) were investigated. The extract from BMDM with absolute methanol (BMDMAMet) showed the strongest inhibition of lipid peroxidation as a function of its concentration, and was comparable to the antioxidant activity of butylated hydroxyanisole, at the same concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. The extract with 50%methanol/water (BMDM50%Met) had the weakest antioxidant activity, whereas other extracts such as 1.2 M HCl in 50%methanol/water (BMDM50%Met/HCl) exhibited an average inhibition of lipid peroxidation. BMDMAMet extract showed marked activities in free radical scavenging determined by beta-carotene bleaching (beta-carotene), nitric oxide (NO*) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical cation (ABTS*+ methods. The antioxidant activities of BMDMAMet extract determined beta-carotene, NO* and ABTS*+ methods showed the highest correlation coefficients (R2) such as 0.998, 0.9976 and 0.6103, respectively, with the presence of total polyphenols. BMDM50%Met had lower antioxidant ability than BMDM50%Met/HCl in different scavenging methods, indicating that the major antioxidant components in these extracts must be derived from the polyphenols. Correlation between proteins and antioxidants was very low (0.0318 and 0.0433). The mussel extracts from polluted areas have shown by all using methods higher antioxidant activity than from the clean ones. The results presented in this report indicate that the antioxidant activities of mussel extracts could possibly be an additional index of pollution characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shela Gorinstein
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University--Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Cajaraville MP, Cancio I, Ibabe A, Orbea A. Peroxisome proliferation as a biomarker in environmental pollution assessment. Microsc Res Tech 2003; 61:191-202. [PMID: 12740826 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferators comprise a heterogeneous group of compounds known for their ability to cause massive proliferation of peroxisomes and liver carcinogenesis in rodents. In recent years it has become evident that other animals may be threatened by peroxisome proliferators, in particular aquatic organisms living in coastal and estuarine areas. These animals are exposed to a variety of pollutants of industrial, agricultural and urban origin which are potential peroxisome proliferators. Both laboratory and field studies have shown that phthalate ester plasticizers, PAHs and oil derivatives, PCBs, certain pesticides, bleached kraft pulp and paper mill effluents, alkylphenols and estrogens provoke peroxisome proliferation in different fish or bivalve mollusc species. The response appears to be mediated by peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors, members of the nuclear receptor family, recently cloned in fish. Based on these results it is proposed that peroxisome proliferation could be used as a biomarker of exposure to a variety of pollutants in environmental pollution assessment. This is illustrated by a case study in which mussels, used worldwide as sentinels of environmental pollution, were transplanted from reference to contaminated areas and vice versa. In mussels native to an area polluted with PAHs and PCBs, peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) activity and peroxisomal volume density were 2-3 fold and 5-fold higher, respectively, compared to the reference site. When animals were transplanted to the polluted station, with increased concentration of organic xenobiotics, a concomitant significant increase of AOX was recorded. Conversely, in animals transplanted to the cleaner station, AOX activity and peroxisomal volume density decreased significantly. These results indicate that peroxisome proliferation is a rapid (i.e., two days) and reversible response to pollution in mussels. Before peroxisome proliferation can be implemented as a biomarker in biomonitoring programs, a well-defined protocol should be established and validated in intercalibration and quality assurance programmes. Furthermore, the influence of biotic and abiotic factors, some of which are known to affect peroxisome proliferation (season, tide level, interpopulation and interindividual variability), should be taken into consideration. The possible hepatocarcinogenic effects as well as the potential adverse effects on reproduction, development, and growth of peroxisome proliferators are unknown in aquatic organisms, thus providing a challenge for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren P Cajaraville
- Biologia Zelularra eta Histologia Laborategia, Zoologia eta Animali Zelulen Dinamika Saila, Zientzi Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 P.K., E-48080 Bilbo, Basque Country, Spain.
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Amaral AF, Alvarado N, Marigomez I, Cunha R, Hylland K, Soto M. Autometallography and metallothionein immunohistochemistry in hepatocytes of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) after exposure to cadmium and depuration treatment. Biomarkers 2002; 7:491-500. [PMID: 12581484 DOI: 10.1080/1354750021000034843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, autometallography and immunohistochemistry were used to localize and quantify cadmium and metallothionein (MT) levels, respectively, in cellular compartments of turbot liver on exposure to cadmium for 7 days and further depuration treatment for 14 days. Metals weakly bound to proteins (i.e. MTs) in hepatocyte lysosomes were visualized as black silver deposits (BSDs) using a light microscope. With the aid of a newly developed immunohistochemical procedure, MTs were localized and semi-quantified in both the cytosolic and the lysosomal compartments of hepatocytes. The BSD extent in the lysosomes of hepatocytes increased significantly as a result of cadmium exposure. This response was evidenced after 1 h. Further, a progressive increase in the volume density of BSDs occurred up to the seventh day. Total MT immunohistochemical levels increased at a lower rate, starting after 1 day of cadmium exposure. BSD extent values recovered after depuration, whilst MT levels remain unchanged. It is possible that the detoxification rate of metals via lysosomes was diminished, whilst MT levels remained unchanged, at least after 14 days of depuration. It can be concluded that autometallography and MT immunohistochemistry are good tools for clarifying metal and metal-MT trafficking routes in hepatocytes, and also that BSD extent and MT immunohistochemical levels in the lysosomes and cytosol of fish hepatocytes can be considered to be useful biomarkers of metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Amaral
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of the Azores, R Mae de Deus, 9500 Ponta Delgada, Sao Miguel, Azores, Portugal
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Soto M, Zaldibar B, Cancio I, Taylor MG, Turner M, Morgan AJ, Marigómez I. Subcellular distribution of cadmium and its cellular ligands in mussel digestive gland cells as revealed by combined autometallography and X-ray microprobe analysis. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2002; 34:273-80. [PMID: 12769258 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023322423654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Autometallography (AMG) and electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) were applied in combination to determine the subcellular distribution of Cd and its subcellular ligands in the digestive gland cells of Cd-exposed mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. Black silver deposits (BSD), which reveal the presence of metals when AMG is applied, were only localized in digestive cell lysosomes. Digestive cell cytoplasm and basophilic cells were devoid of BSD. EPXMA (static probe and X-ray mapping) indicated that Cd, S (possibly associated with metallothioneins or metallothionein-like proteins) and autometallographical Ag ions are co-localized within digestive cell lysosomes. In addition, Cd and S co-occur in the absence of Ag in the cytosol of digestive cells. AMG does not reveal the presence of the Cd 'pool' strongly bound to cytosolic Cd-metallothionein complexes; only 'free' Cd or Cd supposedly loosely bound to (semi)digested metallothionein within lysosomes was revealed. The levels of lysosomal Cd were indirectly quantified by stereology as the volume density of BSD (V(v)BSD). Significantly higher values were recorded in Cd-exposed mussels compared with controls at all exposure times. However, V(v)BSD values were lower at days 7 and 21 than at day 1. This relative decrease in V(v)BSD reflected another (and confounding) response elicited by Cd-exposure in the digestive epithelium: the volume density of basophilic cells (V(v)BAS) increased significantly as exposure progressed. Due to this cell-type replacement, the net accumulative capacity of the digestive epithelium decreases at long exposure times.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soto
- Cell Biology and Histology Laboratory, Zoology and Animal Cell Dynamics Department, School of Sciences, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Basque Country
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