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Miranda Furtado CL, Hansen M, Kogure GS, Ribeiro VB, Taylor N, Racy Soares M, Ferriani RA, Aston KI, Jenkins T, dos Reis RM. Resistance and aerobic training increases genome-wide DNA methylation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2305082. [PMID: 38245873 PMCID: PMC10802204 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2305082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is a first-line treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Resistance or aerobic exercise improves metabolic complications, reproductive outcomes, and quality of life in PCOS. DNA methylation reprogramming during exercise may be the major modifier behind these changes. We sought to evaluate genome-wide DNA methylation changes after supervised resistance and aerobic exercise in women with PCOS. Exercises were performed in 56 women with PCOS (resistance, n = 30; aerobic, n = 26), for 16 weeks (wks), three times per week, in 50-minute to one-hour sessions. Anthropometric indices and hormonal and metabolic parameters were measured before and after training. Genome-wide leukocyte DNA methylation was analysed by Infinium Human MethylationEPIC 850K BeadChip microarrays (Illumina). Both resistance and aerobic exercise improved anthropometric indices, metabolic dysfunction, and hyperandrogenism in PCOS after the training programme, but no differences were observed between the two exercises. Resistance and aerobic exercise increased genome-wide DNA methylation, although resistance changed every category in the CpG island context (islands, shores, shelve, and open sea), whereas aerobic exercise altered CpG shores and the open sea. Using a stringent FDR (>40), 6 significantly differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were observed in the resistance exercise cohort and 14 DRMs in the aerobic cohort, all of which were hypermethylated. The increase in genome-wide DNA methylation may be related to the metabolic and hormonal changes observed in PCOS after resistance and aerobic exercise. Since the mammalian genome is hypermethylated globally to prevent genomic instability and ageing, resistance and aerobic exercise may promote health and longevity through environmentally induced epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Libardi Miranda Furtado
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Experimental Biology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Megan Hansen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Gislaine Satyko Kogure
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Victor Barbosa Ribeiro
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Nathanael Taylor
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Murilo Racy Soares
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rui Alberto Ferriani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Kenneth Ivan Aston
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Timothy Jenkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rosana Maria dos Reis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Seco-Cervera M, Ibáñez-Cabellos JS, Pallardo FV, García-Giménez JL, Aulinas A, Martel-Duguech L, Webb SM, Valassi E. Circulating miR-28-5p is overexpressed in patients with sarcopenia despite long-term remission of Cushing's syndrome: a pilot study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1410080. [PMID: 39086897 PMCID: PMC11289718 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1410080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) in remission show sustained fatigue, myopathy, and an increased prevalence of sarcopenia. The mechanisms that determine these persistent muscle problems are not well known. We aimed to identify circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) with differential expression that could be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and/or prognosis in CS. Patients and methods Thirty-six women in sustained remission for 13 ± 7 years (mean ± SD) from CS, with a median age (IQ range) of 51 (45.2-60) years and mean ± SD BMI of 27 ± 4 Kg/m2, and 36 matched healthy controls were investigated. In 7 patients sarcopenia was present according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria. Small RNA libraries were generated and indexed using a modified Illumina TruSeq small RNA-sequencing protocol. MiRNAs were identified in plasma using bioinformatic analysis, and validation was carried out using RT-qPCR. For the validation, Taqman probes were performed on QuantStudio 5 equipment (Applied Biosystems). Results In a first discovery group using RNA-sequencing, plasma samples of 18 CS patients and 18 healthy subjects were investigated; circulating miR-28-5p, miR-495-3p and miR-654-5p were upregulated in CS patients as compared with controls (p<0.05). In a validation study of the 3 upregulated miRNAs in 36 patients and 26 controls, no differences were observed by RT-qPCR; however, the expression of circulating miR-28-5p was upregulated in CS patients with sarcopenia as compared with those without (AUC for fold-change in the ROC analysis, 0.798; p=0.0156). The optimized cut-off value for miR-28-5p to identify CS patients with sarcopenia was 3.80, which yielded a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 69%. Conclusion MiR-28-5p, a muscle-specific microRNA involved in myotube proliferation and differentiation in vivo, may serve as an independent non-invasive biomarker for identifying CS patients at high-risk of sarcopenia despite biochemical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Seco-Cervera
- Unit 733, Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases [CIBERER- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)], Madrid, Spain
- Mixed Unit for rare diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Federico V. Pallardo
- Unit 733, Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases [CIBERER- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)], Madrid, Spain
- Mixed Unit for rare diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José-Luis García-Giménez
- Unit 733, Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases [CIBERER- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)], Madrid, Spain
- Mixed Unit for rare diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Aulinas
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital S Pau, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER Unit 747, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
| | - Luciana Martel-Duguech
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital S Pau, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan M. Webb
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital S Pau, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER Unit 747, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elena Valassi
- CIBERER Unit 747, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Artigas-Arias M, Curi R, Marzuca-Nassr GN. Myogenic microRNAs as Therapeutic Targets for Skeletal Muscle Mass Wasting in Breast Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6714. [PMID: 38928418 PMCID: PMC11204047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the type of cancer with the highest prevalence in women worldwide. Skeletal muscle atrophy is an important prognostic factor in women diagnosed with breast cancer. This atrophy stems from disrupted skeletal muscle homeostasis, triggered by diminished anabolic signalling and heightened inflammatory conditions, culminating in an upregulation of skeletal muscle proteolysis gene expression. The importance of delving into research on modulators of skeletal muscle atrophy, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), which play a crucial role in regulating cellular signalling pathways involved in skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation, has been recognised. This holds true for conditions of homeostasis as well as pathologies like cancer. However, the determination of specific miRNAs that modulate skeletal muscle atrophy in breast cancer conditions has not yet been explored. In this narrative review, we aim to identify miRNAs that could directly or indirectly influence skeletal muscle atrophy in breast cancer models to gain an updated perspective on potential therapeutic targets that could be modulated through resistance exercise training, aiming to mitigate the loss of skeletal muscle mass in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Artigas-Arias
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo 01506-000, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Nair VD, Pincas H, Smith GR, Zaslavsky E, Ge Y, Amper MAS, Vasoya M, Chikina M, Sun Y, Raja AN, Mao W, Gay NR, Esser KA, Smith KS, Zhao B, Wiel L, Singh A, Lindholm ME, Amar D, Montgomery S, Snyder MP, Walsh MJ, Sealfon SC. Molecular adaptations in response to exercise training are associated with tissue-specific transcriptomic and epigenomic signatures. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100421. [PMID: 38697122 PMCID: PMC11228891 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Regular exercise has many physical and brain health benefits, yet the molecular mechanisms mediating exercise effects across tissues remain poorly understood. Here we analyzed 400 high-quality DNA methylation, ATAC-seq, and RNA-seq datasets from eight tissues from control and endurance exercise-trained (EET) rats. Integration of baseline datasets mapped the gene location dependence of epigenetic control features and identified differing regulatory landscapes in each tissue. The transcriptional responses to 8 weeks of EET showed little overlap across tissues and predominantly comprised tissue-type enriched genes. We identified sex differences in the transcriptomic and epigenomic changes induced by EET. However, the sex-biased gene responses were linked to shared signaling pathways. We found that many G protein-coupled receptor-encoding genes are regulated by EET, suggesting a role for these receptors in mediating the molecular adaptations to training across tissues. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying EET-induced health benefits across organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopalan D Nair
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Hanna Pincas
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gregory R Smith
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mary Anne S Amper
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mital Vasoya
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Weiguang Mao
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicole R Gay
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kevin S Smith
- Departments of Pathology and Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bingqing Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laurens Wiel
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aditya Singh
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Malene E Lindholm
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Amar
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen Montgomery
- Departments of Pathology and Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin J Walsh
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Stuart C Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Yoshida A, Takata Y, Tabara Y, Maruyama K, Inoue S, Osawa H, Sugiyama T. Interaction effect between low birthweight and resistin gene rs1862513 variant on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood: Toon Genome Study. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:725-735. [PMID: 38421160 PMCID: PMC11143422 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Gene-environment interactions are considered to critically influence type 2 diabetes mellitus development; however, the underlying mechanisms and specific interactions remain unclear. Given the increasing prevalence of low birthweight (LBW) influenced by the intrauterine environment, we sought to investigate genetic factors related to type 2 diabetes development in individuals with LBW. MATERIALS AND METHODS The interaction between 20 reported type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes and the development of type 2 diabetes in LBW (<2,500 g) individuals in a population-based Japanese cohort (n = 1,021) was examined by logistic regression and stratified analyses. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses showed that only the G/G genotype at the rs1862513 locus of the resistin gene (RETN), an established initiator of insulin resistance, was closely related to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in individuals with LBW. Age, sex and current body mass index-adjusted stratified analyses showed a significant interaction effect of LBW and the RETN G/G genotype on fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment 2-insulin resistance, Matsuda index and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (all P-values for interaction <0.05). The adjusted odds ratio for type 2 diabetes in the LBW + G/G genotype group was 7.33 (95% confidence interval 2.43-22.11; P = 0.002) compared with the non-LBW + non-G/G genotype group. Similar results were obtained after excluding the influence of malnutrition due to World War II. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous assessment of LBW and the RETN G/G genotype can more accurately predict the risk of future type 2 diabetes than assessing each of these factors alone, and provide management strategies, including early lifestyle intervention in LBW population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Yasunori Takata
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular GeneticsEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic MedicineKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
- Graduate School of Public HealthShizuoka Graduate University of Public HealthShizuokaJapan
| | - Koutatsu Maruyama
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of AgricultureEhime UniversityToonEhimeJapan
| | - Shota Inoue
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Haruhiko Osawa
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular GeneticsEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Takashi Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
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Wu H, Hu Y, Jiang C, Chen C. Global scientific trends in research of epigenetic response to exercise: A bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25644. [PMID: 38370173 PMCID: PMC10869857 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to comprehensively understand the adaptive response of multiple epigenetic modifications on gene expression changes driven by exercise. Here, we retrieved literatures from publications in the PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection databases up to and including October 15, 2023. After screening with the exclusion criteria, 1910 publications were selected in total, comprising 1399 articles and 511 reviews. Specifically, a total of 512, 224, and 772 publications is involved in DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs, respectively. The correlations between publication number, authors, institutions, countries, references, and the characteristics of hotspots were explored by CiteSpace. Here, the USA (621 publications) ranked the world's most-influential countries, the University of California System (68 publications) was the most productive, and Tiago Fernandes (14 publications) had the most-published publications. A comprehensive keyword analysis revealed that cardiovascular disease, cancer, skeletal muscle development, and metabolic syndrome, and are the research hotspots. The detailed impact of exercise was further discussed in different aspects of these three categories of epigenetic modifications. Detailed analysis of epigenetic modifications in response to exercise, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and changes in noncoding RNAs, will offer valuable information to help researchers understand hotspots and emerging trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Cai Jiang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 350122 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Tyagi SC, Pushpakumar S, Sen U, Akinterinwa OE, Zheng Y, Mokshagundam SPL, Kalra DK, Singh M. Role of circadian clock system in the mitochondrial trans-sulfuration pathway and tissue remodeling. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:105-115. [PMID: 37979203 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory revealed that the gaseous molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a metabolic product of epigenetics, involves trans-sulfuration pathway for ensuring metabolism and clearance of homocysteine (Hcy) from body, thereby mitigating the skeletal muscle's pathological remodeling. Although the master circadian clock regulator that is known as brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like protein 1 (i.e., BMAL 1) is associated with S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) and Hcy metabolism but how trans-sulfuration pathway is influenced by the circadian clock remains unexplored. We hypothesize that alterations in the functioning of circadian clock during sleep and wake cycle affect skeletal muscle's biology. To test this hypothesis, we measured serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities using gelatin gels for analyzing the MMP-2 and MMP-9. Further, employing casein gels, we also studied MMP-13 that is known to be influenced by the growth arrest and DNA damage-45 (GADD45) protein during sleep and wake cycle. The wild type and cystathionine β synthase-deficient (CBS-/+) mice strains were treated with H2S and subjected to measurement of trans-sulfuration factors from skeletal muscle tissues. The results suggested highly robust activation of MMPs in the wake mice versus sleep mice, which appears somewhat akin to the "1-carbon metabolic dysregulation", which takes place during remodeling of extracellular matrix during muscular dystrophy. Interestingly, the levels of trans-sulfuration factors such as CBS, cystathionine γ lyase (CSE), methyl tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), and Hcy-protein bound paraoxonase 1 (PON1) were attenuated in CBS-/+ mice. However, treatment with H2S mitigated the attenuation of the trans-sulfuration pathway. In addition, levels of mitochondrial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC 1-α) and mitofusin-2 (MFN-2) were significantly improved by H2S intervention. Our findings suggest participation of the circadian clock in trans-sulfuration pathway that affects skeletal muscle remodeling and mitochondrial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Oluwaseun E Akinterinwa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sri Prakash L Mokshagundam
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Robley Rex VA Medical Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Dinesh K Kalra
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Voisin S, Seale K, Jacques M, Landen S, Harvey NR, Haupt LM, Griffiths LR, Ashton KJ, Coffey VG, Thompson JM, Doering TM, Lindholm ME, Walsh C, Davison G, Irwin R, McBride C, Hansson O, Asplund O, Heikkinen AE, Piirilä P, Pietiläinen KH, Ollikainen M, Blocquiaux S, Thomis M, Coletta DK, Sharples AP, Eynon N. Exercise is associated with younger methylome and transcriptome profiles in human skeletal muscle. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e13859. [PMID: 37128843 PMCID: PMC10776126 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training prevents age-related decline in muscle function. Targeting epigenetic aging is a promising actionable mechanism and late-life exercise mitigates epigenetic aging in rodent muscle. Whether exercise training can decelerate, or reverse epigenetic aging in humans is unknown. Here, we performed a powerful meta-analysis of the methylome and transcriptome of an unprecedented number of human skeletal muscle samples (n = 3176). We show that: (1) individuals with higher baseline aerobic fitness have younger epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles, (2) exercise training leads to significant shifts of epigenetic and transcriptomic patterns toward a younger profile, and (3) muscle disuse "ages" the transcriptome. Higher fitness levels were associated with attenuated differential methylation and transcription during aging. Furthermore, both epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles shifted toward a younger state after exercise training interventions, while the transcriptome shifted toward an older state after forced muscle disuse. We demonstrate that exercise training targets many of the age-related transcripts and DNA methylation loci to maintain younger methylome and transcriptome profiles, specifically in genes related to muscle structure, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Our comprehensive analysis will inform future studies aiming to identify the best combination of therapeutics and exercise regimes to optimize longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityFootscrayVictoriaAustralia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kirsten Seale
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityFootscrayVictoriaAustralia
| | - Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityFootscrayVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shanie Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityFootscrayVictoriaAustralia
| | - Nicholas R. Harvey
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
- Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Larisa M. Haupt
- Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering TechnologiesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Sciences of Extracellular MatricesBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Lyn R. Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kevin J. Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Vernon G. Coffey
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Thomas M. Doering
- School of Health, Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQueenslandAustralia
| | - Malene E. Lindholm
- Department of Medicine, School of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Colum Walsh
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, School of Biomedical SciencesUlster UniversityColeraineUK
| | - Gareth Davison
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research InstituteUlster UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Rachelle Irwin
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, School of Biomedical SciencesUlster UniversityColeraineUK
| | - Catherine McBride
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research InstituteUlster UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Lund University Diabetes CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)Helsinki UniversityHelsinkiFinland
| | - Olof Asplund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Lund University Diabetes CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Aino E. Heikkinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)Helsinki UniversityHelsinkiFinland
| | - Päivi Piirilä
- Unit of Clinical PhysiologyHelsinki University Hospital and University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- HealthyWeightHub, Endocrinology, Abdominal CenterHelsinki University Hospital and University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)Helsinki UniversityHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sara Blocquiaux
- Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research GroupKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Martine Thomis
- Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research GroupKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Dawn K. Coletta
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- UA Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and MetabolismUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Adam P. Sharples
- Institute of Physical PerformanceNorwegian School of Sport SciencesOsloNorway
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityFootscrayVictoriaAustralia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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9
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Cappelli K, Mecocci S, Porceddu A, Albertini E, Giontella A, Miglio A, Silvestrelli M, Verini Supplizi A, Marconi G, Capomaccio S. Genome-wide epigenetic modifications in sports horses during training as an adaptation phenomenon. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18786. [PMID: 37914824 PMCID: PMC10620398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With his bicentennial breeding history based on athletic performance, the Thoroughbred horse can be considered the equine sport breed. Although genomic and transcriptomic tools and knowledge are at the state of the art in equine species, the epigenome and its modifications in response to environmental stimuli, such as training, are less studied. One of the major epigenetic modifications is cytosine methylation at 5' of DNA molecules. This crucial biochemical modification directly mediates biological processes and, to some extent, determines the organisms' phenotypic plasticity. Exercise indeed affects the epigenomic state, both in humans and in horses. In this study, we highlight, with a genome-wide analysis of methylation, how the adaptation to training in the Thoroughbred can modify the methylation pattern throughout the genome. Twenty untrained horses, kept under the same environmental conditions and sprint training regimen, were recruited, collecting peripheral blood at the start of the training and after 30 and 90 days. Extracted leukocyte DNA was analyzed with the methylation content sensitive enzyme ddRAD (MCSeEd) technique for the first time applied to animal cells. Approximately one thousand differently methylated genomic regions (DMRs) and nearby genes were called, revealing that methylation changes can be found in a large part of the genome and, therefore, referable to the physiological adaptation to training. Functional analysis via GO enrichment was also performed. We observed significant differences in methylation patterns throughout the training stages: we hypothesize that the methylation profile of some genes can be affected early by training, while others require a more persistent stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
- Sports Horse Research Center (CRCS), University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Samanta Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
- Sports Horse Research Center (CRCS), University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Porceddu
- Department of Agraria, University of Sassari, 06123, Sassari, Italy
| | - Emidio Albertini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Giontella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
- Sports Horse Research Center (CRCS), University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Arianna Miglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
- Sports Horse Research Center (CRCS), University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Silvestrelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
- Sports Horse Research Center (CRCS), University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Verini Supplizi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
- Sports Horse Research Center (CRCS), University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Marconi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Capomaccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
- Sports Horse Research Center (CRCS), University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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10
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Roberts MD, McCarthy JJ, Hornberger TA, Phillips SM, Mackey AL, Nader GA, Boppart MD, Kavazis AN, Reidy PT, Ogasawara R, Libardi CA, Ugrinowitsch C, Booth FW, Esser KA. Mechanisms of mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy: current understanding and future directions. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2679-2757. [PMID: 37382939 PMCID: PMC10625844 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy have been extensively researched since the landmark report by Morpurgo (1897) of "work-induced hypertrophy" in dogs that were treadmill trained. Much of the preclinical rodent and human resistance training research to date supports that involved mechanisms include enhanced mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, an expansion in translational capacity through ribosome biogenesis, increased satellite cell abundance and myonuclear accretion, and postexercise elevations in muscle protein synthesis rates. However, several lines of past and emerging evidence suggest that additional mechanisms that feed into or are independent of these processes are also involved. This review first provides a historical account of how mechanistic research into skeletal muscle hypertrophy has progressed. A comprehensive list of mechanisms associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy is then outlined, and areas of disagreement involving these mechanisms are presented. Finally, future research directions involving many of the discussed mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gustavo A Nader
- Department of Kinesiology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Andreas N Kavazis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - Paul T Reidy
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Cleiton A Libardi
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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11
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Jacques M, Landen S, Romero JA, Hiam D, Schittenhelm RB, Hanchapola I, Shah AD, Voisin S, Eynon N. Methylome and proteome integration in human skeletal muscle uncover group and individual responses to high-intensity interval training. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23184. [PMID: 37698381 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300840rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is a major beneficial contributor to muscle metabolism, and health benefits acquired by exercise are a result of molecular shifts occurring across multiple molecular layers (i.e., epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome). Identifying robust, across-molecular level targets associated with exercise response, at both group and individual levels, is paramount to develop health guidelines and targeted health interventions. Sixteen, apparently healthy, moderately trained (VO2 max = 51.0 ± 10.6 mL min-1 kg-1 ) males (age range = 18-45 years) from the Gene SMART (Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Responses to Training) study completed a longitudinal study composed of 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of HIIT. DNA methylation (~850 CpG sites) and proteomic (~3000 proteins) analyses were conducted at all time points. Mixed models were applied to estimate group and individual changes, and methylome and proteome integration was conducted using a holistic multilevel approach with the mixOmics package. A total of 461 proteins significantly changed over time (at 4, 8, and 12 weeks), whilst methylome overall shifted with training only one differentially methylated position (DMP) was significant (adj.p-value < .05). K-means analysis revealed cumulative protein changes by clusters of proteins that presented similar changes over time. Individual responses to training were observed in 101 proteins. Seven proteins had large effect-sizes >0.5, among them are two novel exercise-related proteins, LYRM7 and EPN1. Integration analysis showed bidirectional relationships between the methylome and proteome. We showed a significant influence of HIIT on the epigenome and more so on the proteome in human muscle, and uncovered groups of proteins clustering according to similar patterns across the exercise intervention. Individual responses to exercise were observed in the proteome with novel mitochondrial and metabolic proteins consistently changed across individuals. Future work is required to elucidate the role of these proteins in response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shanie Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Javier Alvarez Romero
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iresha Hanchapola
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anup D Shah
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Brener A, Lorber D, Reuveny A, Toledano H, Porat-Kuperstein L, Lebenthal Y, Weizman E, Olender T, Volk T. Sedentary Behavior Impacts on the Epigenome and Transcriptome: Lessons from Muscle Inactivation in Drosophila Larvae. Cells 2023; 12:2333. [PMID: 37830547 PMCID: PMC10571804 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological mechanisms linking sedentary lifestyles and metabolic derangements are incompletely understood. In this study, temporal muscle inactivation in Drosophila larvae carrying a temperature-sensitive mutation in the shibire (shi1) gene was induced to mimic sedentary behavior during early life and study its transcriptional outcome. Our findings indicated a significant change in the epigenetic profile, as well as the genomic profile, of RNA Pol II binding in the inactive muscles relative to control, within a relatively short time period. Whole-genome analysis of RNA-Pol II binding to DNA by muscle-specific targeted DamID (TaDa) protocol revealed that muscle inactivity altered Pol II binding in 121 out of 2010 genes (6%), with a three-fold enrichment of genes coding for lncRNAs. The suppressed protein-coding genes included genes associated with longevity, DNA repair, muscle function, and ubiquitin-dependent proteostasis. Moreover, inducing muscle inactivation exerted a multi-level impact upon chromatin modifications, triggering an altered epigenetic balance of active versus inactive marks. The downregulated genes in the inactive muscles included genes essential for muscle structure and function, carbohydrate metabolism, longevity, and others. Given the multiple analogous genes in Drosophila for many human genes, extrapolating our findings to humans may hold promise for establishing a molecular link between sedentary behavior and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avivit Brener
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Institute, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.B.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dana Lorber
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.L.); (A.R.); (T.O.)
| | - Adriana Reuveny
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.L.); (A.R.); (T.O.)
| | - Hila Toledano
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (H.T.); (L.P.-K.)
| | - Lilach Porat-Kuperstein
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (H.T.); (L.P.-K.)
| | - Yael Lebenthal
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Institute, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.B.); (Y.L.)
| | - Eviatar Weizman
- G-INCPM, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Tsviya Olender
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.L.); (A.R.); (T.O.)
| | - Talila Volk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.L.); (A.R.); (T.O.)
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13
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Landen S, Jacques M, Hiam D, Alvarez-Romero J, Schittenhelm RB, Shah AD, Huang C, Steele JR, Harvey NR, Haupt LM, Griffiths LR, Ashton KJ, Lamon S, Voisin S, Eynon N. Sex differences in muscle protein expression and DNA methylation in response to exercise training. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:56. [PMID: 37670389 PMCID: PMC10478435 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training elicits changes in muscle physiology, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, with males and females exhibiting differing physiological responses to exercise training. However, the molecular mechanisms contributing to the differing adaptations between the sexes are poorly understood. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis for sex differences in skeletal muscle DNA methylation following an endurance training intervention (Gene SMART cohort and E-MTAB-11282 cohort). We investigated for sex differences in the skeletal muscle proteome following an endurance training intervention (Gene SMART cohort). Lastly, we investigated whether the methylome and proteome are associated with baseline cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption; VO2max) in a sex-specific manner. RESULTS Here, we investigated for the first time, DNA methylome and proteome sex differences in response to exercise training in human skeletal muscle (n = 78; 50 males, 28 females). We identified 92 DNA methylation sites (CpGs) associated with exercise training; however, no CpGs changed in a sex-dependent manner. In contrast, we identified 189 proteins that are differentially expressed between the sexes following training, with 82 proteins differentially expressed between the sexes at baseline. Proteins showing the most robust sex-specific response to exercise include SIRT3, MRPL41, and MBP. Irrespective of sex, cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with robust methylome changes (19,257 CpGs) and no proteomic changes. We did not observe sex differences in the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and the DNA methylome. Integrative multi-omic analysis identified sex-specific mitochondrial metabolism pathways associated with exercise responses. Lastly, exercise training and cardiorespiratory fitness shifted the DNA methylomes to be more similar between the sexes. CONCLUSIONS We identified sex differences in protein expression changes, but not DNA methylation changes, following an endurance exercise training intervention; whereas we identified no sex differences in the DNA methylome or proteome response to lifelong training. Given the delicate interaction between sex and training as well as the limitations of the current study, more studies are required to elucidate whether there is a sex-specific training effect on the DNA methylome. We found that genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism pathways are differentially modulated between the sexes following endurance exercise training. These results shed light on sex differences in molecular adaptations to exercise training in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanie Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anup D Shah
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joel R Steele
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas R Harvey
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Kevin J Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia
| | - Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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14
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Hiam D, Jones P, Pitsiladis Y, Eynon N. Genomics and Biology of Exercise, Where Are We Now? Clin J Sport Med 2023; 33:e112-e114. [PMID: 37656977 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; and
| | - Patrice Jones
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Stine JG, Romeo S. Sweating it out: How physical activity can combat high genetic risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2023; 43:1623-1625. [PMID: 37452506 PMCID: PMC10542965 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G. Stine
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Fatty Liver Program, Penn State Health-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Liver Center, Penn State Health-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University-College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cancer Institute, Penn State Health-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
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16
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Li SS, Sheng MJ, Sun ZY, Liang Y, Yu LX, Liu QF. Upstream and downstream regulators of Klotho expression in chronic kidney disease. Metabolism 2023; 142:155530. [PMID: 36868370 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Klotho is a critical protein that protects the kidney. Klotho is severely downregulated in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its deficiency is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of CKD. Conversely, an increase in Klotho levels results in improved kidney function and delays CKD progression, supporting the notion that modulating Klotho levels could represent a possible therapeutic strategy for CKD treatment. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the loss of Klotho remain elusive. Previous studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic modifications can modulate Klotho levels. These mechanisms result in a decrease in Klotho mRNA transcript levels and reduced translation, thus can be grouped together as upstream regulatory mechanisms. However, therapeutic strategies that aim to rescue Klotho levels by targeting these upstream mechanisms do not always result in increased Klotho, indicating the involvement of other regulatory mechanisms. Emerging evidence has shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the unfolded protein response, and ER-associated degradation also affect the modification, translocation, and degradation of Klotho, and thus are proposed to be downstream regulatory mechanisms. Here, we discuss the current understanding of upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms of Klotho and examine potential therapeutic strategies to upregulate Klotho expression for CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Li
- Clinical Research & Lab Centre, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - Ming-Jie Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - Zhuo-Yi Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - Li-Xia Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China.
| | - Qi-Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China.
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17
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Mathisen TF, Sundgot-Borgen J, Rosenvinge JH, Bratland-Sanda S, Svendsen M, Pettersen G, Vrabel K, Friborg O. Metabolic profile in women with bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder before and after treatment: secondary analysis from the randomized PED-t trial. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:41. [PMID: 37103592 PMCID: PMC10140012 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chaotic eating and purging behavior pose a risk to the metabolic health of women with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED). This study reports on one-year changes in blood markers of metabolic health and thyroid hormones in women with BN or BED attending two different treatments. METHODS These are secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial of 16-week group treatment of either physical exercise and dietary therapy (PED-t) or cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Blood samples collected at pre-treatment, week eight, post-treatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups were analyzed for glucose, lipids (triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-c), HDL cholesterol (HDL-c), apolipoprotein A (ApoA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) lipoproteins), and thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroperoxidase antibodies). RESULT The average levels of blood glucose, lipids and thyroid hormones were within the recommended range, but clinical levels of TC and LDL-c were detected in 32.5% and 39.1%, respectively. More women with BED compared with BN had low HDL-c, and a larger increase over time in TC and TSH. No significant differences occurred between PED-t and CBT at any measurement. Exploratory moderator analyses indicated a more unfavorable metabolic response at follow-up among treatment non-responders. CONCLUSION The proportion of women with impaired lipid profiles and unfavorable lipid changes, suggests active monitoring with necessary management of the metabolic health of women with BN or BED, as recommended by metabolic health guidelines. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I: Evidence obtained from a randomized, experimental trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This trial was prospectively registered in the Norwegian Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics on December 16, 2013, with the identifier number 2013/1871, and in Clinical Trials on February 17, 2014, with the identifier number NCT02079935.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan H Rosenvinge
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Solfrid Bratland-Sanda
- Department of Outdoor Studies, Sports and Physical Education, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Mette Svendsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunn Pettersen
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - KariAnne Vrabel
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Research Institute of Modum Bad, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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18
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Liang S, Liu D, Xiao Z, Greenbaum J, Shen H, Xiao H, Deng H. Repurposing Approved Drugs for Sarcopenia Based on Transcriptomics Data in Humans. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040607. [PMID: 37111364 PMCID: PMC10145476 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, characterized by age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and decreased physical performance, is a growing public health challenge amid the rapidly ageing population. As there are no approved drugs that target sarcopenia, it has become increasingly urgent to identify promising pharmacological interventions. In this study, we conducted an integrative drug repurposing analysis utilizing three distinct approaches. Firstly, we analyzed skeletal muscle transcriptomic sequencing data in humans and mice using gene differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis. Subsequently, we employed gene expression profile similarity assessment, hub gene expression reversal, and disease-related pathway enrichment to identify and repurpose candidate drugs, followed by the integration of findings with rank aggregation algorithms. Vorinostat, the top-ranking drug, was also validated in an in vitro study, which demonstrated its efficacy in promoting muscle fiber formation. Although still requiring further validation in animal models and human clinical trials, these results suggest a promising drug repurposing prospect in the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Danyang Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhengwu Xiao
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jonathan Greenbaum
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 999039, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 999039, USA
| | - Hongmei Xiao
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hongwen Deng
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 999039, USA
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19
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Kokkinos P, Faselis C, Samuel IBH, Lavie CJ, Zhang J, Vargas JD, Pittaras A, Doumas M, Karasik P, Moore H, Heimal M, Myers J. Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Survival in Patients With or Without Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 81:1137-1147. [PMID: 36948729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and mortality risk is based mostly on 1 CRF assessment. The impact of CRF change on mortality risk is not well-defined. OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate changes in CRF and all-cause mortality. METHODS We assessed 93,060 participants aged 30-95 years (mean 61.3 ± 9.8 years). All completed 2 symptom-limited exercise treadmill tests, 1 or more years apart (mean 5.8 ± 3.7 years) with no evidence of overt cardiovascular disease. Participants were assigned to age-specific fitness quartiles based on peak METS achieved on the baseline exercise treadmill test. Additionally, each CRF quartile was stratified based on CRF changes (increase, decrease, no change) observed on the final exercise treadmill test. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for all-cause mortality. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6.3 years (IQR: 3.7-9.9 years), 18,302 participants died with an average yearly mortality rate of 27.6 events per 1,000 person-years. In general, changes in CRF ≥1.0 MET were associated with inverse and proportionate changes in mortality risk regardless of baseline CRF status. For example, a decline in CRF of >2.0 METS was associated with a 74% increase in risk (HR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.59-1.91) for low-fit individuals with CVD, and 69% increase (HR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.45-1.96) for those without CVD. CONCLUSIONS Changes in CRF reflected inverse and proportional changes in mortality risk for those with and without CVD. The impact of relatively small CRF changes on mortality risk has considerable clinical and public health significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kokkinos
- Department of Cardiology, Washington, DC, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Charles Faselis
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Washington, DC, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Immanuel Babu Henry Samuel
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Washington, DC, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; The Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. USA
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jose D Vargas
- Department of Cardiology, Washington, DC, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andreas Pittaras
- Department of Cardiology, Washington, DC, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Doumas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Pamela Karasik
- Washington, DC, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hans Moore
- Department of Cardiology, Washington, DC, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Heimal
- Department of Cardiology, Washington, DC, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jonathan Myers
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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20
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Telles GD, Libardi CA, Conceição MS, Vechin FC, Lixandrão ME, Mangone FRR, Pavanelli AC, Nagai MA, Camera DM, Hawley JA, Ugrinowitsch C. Interrelated but Not Time-Aligned Response in Myogenic Regulatory Factors Demethylation and mRNA Expression after Divergent Exercise Bouts. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:199-208. [PMID: 36136603 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA methylation regulates exercise-induced changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome. However, the specificity and the time course responses in the myogenic regulatory factors DNA methylation and mRNA expression after divergent exercise modes are unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the time course changes in DNA methylation and mRNA expression for selected myogenic regulatory factors ( MYOD1 , MYF5 , and MYF6 ) immediately after, 4 h after, and 8 h after a single bout of resistance exercise (RE), high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), and concurrent exercise (CE). METHODS Nine healthy but untrained males (age, 23.9 ± 2.8 yr; body mass, 70.1 ± 14.9 kg; peak oxygen uptake [V̇O 2peak ], 41.4 ± 5.2 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ; mean ± SD) performed a counterbalanced, randomized order of RE (4 × 8-12 repetition maximum), HIIE (12 × 1 min sprints at V̇O 2peak running velocity), and CE (RE followed by HIIE). Skeletal muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were taken before (REST) immediately (0 h), 4 h, and 8 h after each exercise bout. RESULTS Compared with REST, MYOD1 , MYF5 , and MYF6 , mean methylation across all CpGs analyzed was reduced after 4 and 8 h in response to all exercise protocols ( P < 0.05). Reduced levels of MYOD1 methylation were observed after HIIE and CE compared with RE ( P < 0.05). Compared with REST, all exercise bouts increased mRNA expression over time ( MYOD1 at 4 and 8 h, and MYF6 at 4 h; P < 0.05). MYF5 mRNA expression was lower after 4 h compared with 0 h and higher at 8 h compared with 4 h ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We observed an interrelated but not time-aligned response between the exercise-induced changes in myogenic regulatory factors demethylation and mRNA expression after divergent exercise modes. Despite divergent contractile stimuli, changes in DNA methylation and mRNA expression in skeletal muscle were largely confined to the late (4-8 h) recovery period and similar between the different exercise challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Defante Telles
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Cleiton Augusto Libardi
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Miguel Soares Conceição
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Felipe Cassaro Vechin
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | | | | | | | | | - Donny Michael Camera
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, AUSTRALIA
| | - John A Hawley
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, AUSTRALIA
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
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21
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Landen S, Hiam D, Voisin S, Jacques M, Lamon S, Eynon N. Physiological and molecular sex differences in human skeletal muscle in response to exercise training. J Physiol 2023; 601:419-434. [PMID: 34762308 DOI: 10.1113/jp279499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in exercise physiology, such as substrate metabolism and skeletal muscle fatigability, stem from inherent biological factors, including endogenous hormones and genetics. Studies investigating exercise physiology frequently include only males or do not take sex differences into consideration. Although there is still an underrepresentation of female participants in exercise research, existing studies have identified sex differences in physiological and molecular responses to exercise training. The observed sex differences in exercise physiology are underpinned by the sex chromosome complement, sex hormones and, on a molecular level, the epigenome and transcriptome. Future research in the field should aim to include both sexes, control for menstrual cycle factors, conduct large-scale and ethnically diverse studies, conduct meta-analyses to consolidate findings from various studies, leverage unique cohorts (such as post-menopausal, transgender, and those with sex chromosome abnormalities), as well as integrate tissue and cell-specific -omics data. This knowledge is essential for developing deeper insight into sex-specific physiological responses to exercise training, thus directing future exercise physiology studies and practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanie Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Alberty R, Čillík I. Effect of after-school physical activity on body composition in primary school children: The Slovak "PAD" project. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15540. [PMID: 36597192 PMCID: PMC9810785 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with many physical and mental health benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 24-month after-school physical activity intervention on body composition in normal-weight children. Participating students (6-7 years of age at baseline) were divided by reason of their parental preference to intervention and control groups. Children in the intervention group (n = 20; 10 boys and 10 girls) followed an aerobic training program (two 60-min sessions per week), whereas children in the control group (n = 20; 10 boys and 10 girls) participated in the usual practice. Body composition characteristics were repeatedly measured by means of bioelectrical impedance method. At 2 years, finally, intervention boys had a smaller rise in BMI (mean difference, MD: -0.97 kg/m2 , p < 0.05), BMI z-score (-0.44, p < 0.09), body fat % (BF%) (-6.47%, p < 0.01), and fat mass index (FMI) (-1.32 kg/m2 , p < 0.001) than controls. In girls, however, the intervention program induced no significant differences (p > 0.9) in the measured variables compared to controls at the final follow-up (MD: -0.04 kg/m2 for BMI and -0.01 for BMI z-score). Changes in BF% and FMI in a positive direction occurred at 18 months (MD: -3.38%, p < 0.05 and -0.99 kg/m2 , p < 0.01, respectively), but did not persist over time (p > 0.07). In addition, no significant changes (p > 0.07) in the fat-free mass index were associated with the physical activity intervention in either boys or girls. In conclusion, compared to the controls, a long-term physical activity intervention in boys was associated with a significantly smaller rise in BMI and improvement of body composition by reducing both BF % and FMI. In girls, however, this intervention did not result in any statistically significant changes in body composition variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Alberty
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences of Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Čillík
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Arts of Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
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23
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Gevaert AB, Wood N, Boen JRA, Davos CH, Hansen D, Hanssen H, Krenning G, Moholdt T, Osto E, Paneni F, Pedretti RFE, Plösch T, Simonenko M, Bowen TS. Epigenetics in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: influence of exercise and nutrition. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:2183-2199. [PMID: 35989414 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence links changes in epigenetic systems, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA expression, to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). These epigenetic modifications can change genetic function under influence of exogenous stimuli and can be transferred to next generations, providing a potential mechanism for inheritance of behavioural intervention effects. The benefits of exercise and nutritional interventions in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD are well established, but the mechanisms are not completely understood. In this review, we describe the acute and chronic epigenetic effects of physical activity and dietary changes. We propose exercise and nutrition as potential triggers of epigenetic signals, promoting the reshaping of transcriptional programmes with effects on CVD phenotypes. Finally, we highlight recent developments in epigenetic therapeutics with implications for primary and secondary CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B Gevaert
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken D.T.228, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp 2610, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nathanael Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jente R A Boen
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken D.T.228, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dominique Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium.,BIOMED-REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian Institute of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Women's Health, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elena Osto
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto F E Pedretti
- Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS MultiMedica, Care and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Perinatal Neurobiology, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maria Simonenko
- Physiology Research and Blood Circulation Department, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test SRL, Federal State Budgetary Institution, 'V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre' of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - T Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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24
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Lawson D, Vann C, Schoenfeld BJ, Haun C. Beyond Mechanical Tension: A Review of Resistance Exercise-Induced Lactate Responses & Muscle Hypertrophy. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7040081. [PMID: 36278742 PMCID: PMC9590033 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to explore and discuss recent research relating to the lactate response to resistance training and the potential mechanisms by which lactate may contribute to skeletal muscle hypertrophy or help to prevent muscle atrophy. First, we will discuss foundational information pertaining to lactate including metabolism, measurement, shuttling, and potential (although seemingly elusive) mechanisms for hypertrophy. We will then provide a brief analysis of resistance training protocols and the associated lactate response. Lastly, we will discuss potential shortcomings, resistance training considerations, and future research directions regarding lactate's role as a potential anabolic agent for skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lawson
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher Vann
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Brad J. Schoenfeld
- Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, Lehman College of CUNY, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Cody Haun
- Fitomics, LLC, Alabaster, AL 35007, USA
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25
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Vicente-García C, Hernández-Camacho JD, Carvajal JJ. Regulation of myogenic gene expression. Exp Cell Res 2022; 419:113299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Li J, Wang Z, Li C, Song Y, Wang Y, Bo H, Zhang Y. Impact of Exercise and Aging on Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Skeletal Muscle: Roles of ROS and Epigenetics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132086. [PMID: 35805170 PMCID: PMC9266156 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging causes degenerative changes such as epigenetic changes and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. Exercise can upregulate muscle mitochondrial homeostasis and enhance antioxidant capacity and represents an effective treatment to prevent muscle aging. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and microRNA expression are involved in the regulation of exercise-induced adaptive changes in muscle mitochondria. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in signaling molecules in exercise-induced muscle mitochondrial health benefits, and strong evidence emphasizes that exercise-induced ROS can regulate gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. The majority of mitochondrial proteins are imported into mitochondria from the cytosol, so mitochondrial homeostasis is regulated by nuclear epigenetic mechanisms. Exercise can reverse aging-induced changes in myokine expression by modulating epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of exercise-generated ROS in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. In addition, the potential epigenetic mechanisms involved in exercise-induced myokine expression are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhe Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Can Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hai Bo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Military Training Medicines, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (Y.Z.)
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27
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Bell LR, Gabbett TJ, Davis GM, Wallen MP, O’Brien BJ. Stubborn Exercise Responders-Where to Next? Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10060095. [PMID: 35736835 PMCID: PMC9229615 DOI: 10.3390/sports10060095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a wide variance in the magnitude of physiological adaptations after resistance or endurance training. The incidence of “non” or “poor” responders to training has been reported to represent as high as 40% of the project’s sample. However, the incidence of poor responders to training can be ameliorated with manipulation of either the training frequency, intensity, type and duration. Additionally, global non-response to cardio-respiratory fitness training is eliminated when evaluating several health measures beyond just the target variables as at least one or more measure improves. More research is required to determine if altering resistance training variables results in a more favourable response in individuals with an initial poor response to resistance training. Moreover, we recommend abandoning the term “poor” responders, as ultimately the magnitude of change in cardiorespiratory fitness in response to endurance training is similar in “poor” and “high” responders if the training frequency is subsequently increased. Therefore, we propose “stubborn” responders as a more appropriate term. Future research should focus on developing viable physiological and lifestyle screening tests that identify likely stubborn responders to conventional exercise training guidelines before the individual engages with training. Exerkines, DNA damage, metabolomic responses in blood, saliva and breath, gene sequence, gene expression and epigenetics are candidate biomarkers that warrant investigation into their relationship with trainability. Crucially, viable biomarker screening tests should show good construct validity to distinguish between different exercise loads, and possess excellent sensitivity and reliability. Furthermore “red flag” tests of likely poor responders to training should be practical to assess in clinical settings and be affordable and non-invasive. Early identification of stubborn responders would enable optimization of training programs from the onset of training to maintain exercise motivation and optimize the impact on training adaptations and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo R. Bell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia; (L.R.B.); (T.J.G.); (G.M.D.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Tim J. Gabbett
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia; (L.R.B.); (T.J.G.); (G.M.D.); (M.P.W.)
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, QLD 4011, Australia
| | - Gregory M. Davis
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia; (L.R.B.); (T.J.G.); (G.M.D.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Matthew P. Wallen
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia; (L.R.B.); (T.J.G.); (G.M.D.); (M.P.W.)
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Brendan J. O’Brien
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia; (L.R.B.); (T.J.G.); (G.M.D.); (M.P.W.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Chen M, Fu MR, Luo B, Yu P, Zheng H, Liu F. A WeChat-Based Rehabilitation Platform for Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease to Promote Cardiac FITness (HeartFIT): Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Strategy from Evidence-Based Design to Pilot Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:907-920. [PMID: 35519154 PMCID: PMC9064066 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s349519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in medical and surgical care has tremendously improved the survival rates of children with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, reduced aerobic capacity and health-related issues remain a threaten to quality survival and prevention of related complications among children and adolescents with CHD. This research program aims to develop and evaluate a WeChat-based health platform (HeartFIT) to facilitate cardiac rehabilitation and promote physical fitness for this rapidly expanding young population. The study protocol describes the use of an iterative process of using a mixed-methods strategy to develop, refine, and pilot test the proposed HeartFIT platform. A sequential problem-solving process comprising four iterative phases with ongoing end-user input will be implemented. In phase 1, relevant literature was systematically reviewed (completed) and then child-parent dyads will be interviewed to understand the broad context and the requirements and considerations of the target population toward the WeChat-based rehabilitation platform. In phase 2, key features and priority functionalities for the platform will be ideated and refined, and a digital interactive prototype will be created. In phase 3, heuristic evaluation and three rounds of end-user testing will be conducted to ensure further refinement and usability of the prototype. In phase 4, a prospective pilot study will be performed to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the developed platform over a 12-week intervention period. If HeartFIT intervention is feasible, acceptable, and demonstrates promising efficacy, an adequately powered randomized controlled trial (future work) will be deployed to test the real-world effectiveness of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Zhou
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei R Fu
- Rutgers University, School of Nursing, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Biru Luo
- Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengming Yu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfei Liu
- Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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PGC-1α Methylation, miR-23a, and miR-30e Expression as Biomarkers for Exercise- and Diet-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Capillary Blood from Healthy Individuals: A Single-Arm Intervention. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10050073. [PMID: 35622482 PMCID: PMC9143572 DOI: 10.3390/sports10050073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy mitochondria and their epigenetic control are essential to maintaining health, extending life expectancy, and improving cardiovascular performance. Strategies to maintain functional mitochondria during aging include training; cardiovascular exercise has been suggested as the best method, but strength training has also been identified as essential to health and healthy aging. We therefore investigated the effects of concurrent exercise training and dietary habits on epigenetic mechanisms involved in mitochondrial (mt) functions and biogenesis. We analyzed epigenetic biomarkers that directly target the key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC-1α, and mtDNA content. Thirty-six healthy, sedentary participants completed a 12-week concurrent training program. Before and after the intervention, dried blood spot samples and data on eating habits, lifestyle, and body composition were collected. MiR-23a, miR-30e expression, and mtDNA content were analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. PGC-1α methylation was analyzed using bisulfite pyrosequencing. MiR-23a, miR-30e expression, and PGC-1α methylation decreased after the intervention (p < 0.05). PGC-1α methylation increased with the consumption of red and processed meat, and mtDNA content increased with the ingestion of cruciferous vegetables (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that concurrent training could improve mitochondrial biogenesis and functions by altering the epigenetic regulation. These alterations can also be detected outside of the skeletal muscle and could potentially affect athletic performance.
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Lorenzo PM, Izquierdo AG, Rodriguez-Carnero G, Fernández-Pombo A, Iglesias A, Carreira MC, Tejera C, Bellido D, Martinez-Olmos MA, Leis R, Casanueva FF, Crujeiras AB. Epigenetic Effects of Healthy Foods and Lifestyle Habits from the Southern European Atlantic Diet Pattern: A Narrative Review. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1725-1747. [PMID: 35421213 PMCID: PMC9526853 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent scientific evidence has shown the importance of diet and lifestyle habits for the proper functioning of the human body. A balanced and healthy diet, physical activity, and psychological well-being have a direct beneficial effect on health and can have a crucial role in the development and prognosis of certain diseases. The Southern European Atlantic diet, also named the Atlantic diet, is a unique dietary pattern that occurs in regions that present higher life expectancy, suggesting that this specific dietary pattern is associated with positive health effects. In fact, it is enriched with nutrients of high biological value, which, together with its cooking methods, physical activity promotion, reduction in carbon footprint, and promoting of family meals, promote these positive effects on health. The latest scientific advances in the field of nutri-epigenetics have revealed that epigenetic markers associated with food or nutrients and environmental factors modulate gene expression and, therefore, are involved with both health and disease. Thus, in this review, we evaluated the main aspects that define the Southern European Atlantic diet and the potential epigenetic changes associated with them based on recent studies regarding the main components of these dietary patterns. In conclusion, based on the information existing in the literature, we postulate that the Southern European Atlantic diet could promote healthy aging by means of epigenetic mechanisms. This review highlights the necessity of performing longitudinal studies to demonstrate this proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Lorenzo
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea G Izquierdo
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Rodriguez-Carnero
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Endocrinology and Nutrition Division, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antía Fernández-Pombo
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Division, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Iglesias
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marcos C Carreira
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain,Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Group. Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Tejera
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF/SERGAS), Ferrol, Spain
| | - Diego Bellido
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF/SERGAS), Ferrol, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martinez-Olmos
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain,Endocrinology and Nutrition Division, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosaura Leis
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain,Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS); Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Fundacion Dieta Atlántica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain,Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Group. Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Fundacion Dieta Atlántica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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31
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Shah F, Stål P. Myopathy of the upper airway in snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:636-645. [PMID: 35434344 PMCID: PMC9008167 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous reports of muscle changes in the upper airways of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients have primarily been attributed to acquired nerve lesions due to snoring vibrations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether alterations reflecting muscle fiber injuries also occur in the upper respiratory tract of snoring and OSA patients and if these changes relate to upper airway dysfunction. Methods Muscle changes in biopsies from the soft palate of 20 patients suffering from snoring and OSA were investigated with enzyme, immunohistochemical, and morphometric techniques. Biopsies from eight healthy non‐snoring subjects were used as controls. Swallowing dysfunction was assessed with videoradiography. Results Fourteen patients had various degrees of swallowing dysfunction. The muscle samples from all the patients showed changes typical for both motor‐nerve lesions and muscle fiber injuries. The most common alterations reflecting myopathy were fibers having aggregates and disorganization of cytoskeletal proteins (15.5 ± 10.7%). Other changes were fibers with vacuole‐like structures (5.0 ± 4.4%), centrally positioned myonuclei (7.9 ± 4.8%), subsarcolemmal accumulations of nuclei, and various forms and sizes of ring fibers, that is, fibers where the myofilaments were disorganized peripherally (2.8 ± 2.8%). Conclusion The results show that muscle changes mirroring both myopathy and neuropathy co‐exist in the upper airway of snoring OSA patients. These findings suggest muscle weakness as a contributing factor to the upper airway dysfunction in OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Shah
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology, Department of Integrative Medical Biology Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - Per Stål
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology, Department of Integrative Medical Biology Umeå University Umeå Sweden
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Garcia LA, Zapata-Bustos R, Day SE, Campos B, Hamzaoui Y, Wu L, Leon AD, Krentzel J, Coletta RL, De Filippis E, Roust LR, Mandarino LJ, Coletta DK. Can Exercise Training Alter Human Skeletal Muscle DNA Methylation? Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030222. [PMID: 35323665 PMCID: PMC8953782 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is highly plastic and dynamically regulated by the body’s physical demands. This study aimed to determine the plasticity of skeletal muscle DNA methylation in response to 8 weeks of supervised exercise training in volunteers with a range of insulin sensitivities. We studied 13 sedentary participants and performed euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps with basal vastus lateralis muscle biopsies and peak aerobic activity (VO2 peak) tests before and after training. We extracted DNA from the muscle biopsies and performed global methylation using Illumina’s Methylation EPIC 850K BeadChip. Training significantly increased peak aerobic capacity and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Fasting serum insulin and insulin levels during the steady state of the clamp were significantly lower post-training. Insulin clearance rates during the clamp increased following the training. We identified 13 increased and 90 decreased differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) in response to 8 weeks of training. Of the 13 increased DMCs, 2 were within the following genes, FSTL3, and RP11-624M8.1. Of the 90 decreased DMCs, 9 were within the genes CNGA1, FCGR2A, KIF21A, MEIS1, NT5DC1, OR4D1, PRPF4B, SLC26A7, and ZNF280C. Moreover, pathway analysis showed an enrichment in metabolic and actin-cytoskeleton pathways for the decreased DMCs, and for the increased DMCs, an enrichment in signal-dependent regulation of myogenesis, NOTCH2 activation and transmission, and SMAD2/3: SMAD4 transcriptional activity pathways. Our findings showed that 8 weeks of exercise training alters skeletal muscle DNA methylation of specific genes and pathways in people with varying degrees of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (R.Z.-B.); (B.C.); (A.D.L.); (J.K.); (L.J.M.)
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Rocio Zapata-Bustos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (R.Z.-B.); (B.C.); (A.D.L.); (J.K.); (L.J.M.)
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Samantha E. Day
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Baltazar Campos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (R.Z.-B.); (B.C.); (A.D.L.); (J.K.); (L.J.M.)
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Yassin Hamzaoui
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (Y.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Linda Wu
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (Y.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Alma D. Leon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (R.Z.-B.); (B.C.); (A.D.L.); (J.K.); (L.J.M.)
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Judith Krentzel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (R.Z.-B.); (B.C.); (A.D.L.); (J.K.); (L.J.M.)
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Richard L. Coletta
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Eleanna De Filippis
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; (E.D.F.); (L.R.R.)
| | - Lori R. Roust
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; (E.D.F.); (L.R.R.)
| | - Lawrence J. Mandarino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (R.Z.-B.); (B.C.); (A.D.L.); (J.K.); (L.J.M.)
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Dawn K. Coletta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (R.Z.-B.); (B.C.); (A.D.L.); (J.K.); (L.J.M.)
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (Y.H.); (L.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(520)-626-9316
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Renzini A, D’Onghia M, Coletti D, Moresi V. Histone Deacetylases as Modulators of the Crosstalk Between Skeletal Muscle and Other Organs. Front Physiol 2022; 13:706003. [PMID: 35250605 PMCID: PMC8895239 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.706003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a major role in controlling body mass and metabolism: it is the most abundant tissue of the body and a major source of humoral factors; in addition, it is primarily responsible for glucose uptake and storage, as well as for protein metabolism. Muscle acts as a metabolic hub, in a crosstalk with other organs and tissues, such as the liver, the brain, and fat tissue. Cytokines, adipokines, and myokines are pivotal mediators of such crosstalk. Many of these circulating factors modulate histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression and/or activity. HDACs form a numerous family of enzymes, divided into four classes based on their homology to their orthologs in yeast. Eleven family members are considered classic HDACs, with a highly conserved deacetylase domain, and fall into Classes I, II, and IV, while class III members are named Sirtuins and are structurally and mechanistically distinct from the members of the other classes. HDACs are key regulators of skeletal muscle metabolism, both in physiological conditions and following metabolic stress, participating in the highly dynamic adaptative responses of the muscle to external stimuli. In turn, HDAC expression and activity are closely regulated by the metabolic demands of the skeletal muscle. For instance, NAD+ levels link Class III (Sirtuin) enzymatic activity to the energy status of the cell, and starvation or exercise affect Class II HDAC stability and intracellular localization. SUMOylation or phosphorylation of Class II HDACs are modulated by circulating factors, thus establishing a bidirectional link between HDAC activity and endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors. Indeed, besides being targets of adipo-myokines, HDACs affect the synthesis of myokines by skeletal muscle, altering the composition of the humoral milieu and ultimately contributing to the muscle functioning as an endocrine organ. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the interplay between HDACs and circulating factors, in relation to skeletal muscle metabolism and its adaptative response to energy demand. We believe that enhancing knowledge on the specific functions of HDACs may have clinical implications leading to the use of improved HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of metabolic syndromes or aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Renzini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco D’Onghia
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Coletti
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Dario Coletti,
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology (Nanotec), National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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Sellami M, Elrayess MA, Puce L, Bragazzi NL. Molecular Big Data in Sports Sciences: State-of-Art and Future Prospects of OMICS-Based Sports Sciences. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:815410. [PMID: 35087871 PMCID: PMC8787195 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.815410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Together with environment and experience (that is to say, diet and training), the biological and genetic make-up of an athlete plays a major role in exercise physiology. Sports genomics has shown, indeed, that some DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be associated with athlete performance and level (such as elite/world-class athletic status), having an impact on physical activity behavior, endurance, strength, power, speed, flexibility, energetic expenditure, neuromuscular coordination, metabolic and cardio-respiratory fitness, among others, as well as with psychological traits. Athletic phenotype is complex and depends on the combination of different traits and characteristics: as such, it requires a “complex science,” like that of metadata and multi-OMICS profiles. Several projects and trials (like ELITE, GAMES, Gene SMART, GENESIS, and POWERGENE) are aimed at discovering genomics-based biomarkers with an adequate predictive power. Sports genomics could enable to optimize and maximize physical performance, as well as it could predict the risk of sports-related injuries. Exercise has a profound impact on proteome too. Proteomics can assess both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view the modifications induced by training. Recently, scholars have assessed the epigenetics changes in athletes. Summarizing, the different omics specialties seem to converge in a unique approach, termed sportomics or athlomics and defined as a “holistic and top-down,” “non-hypothesis-driven research on an individual’s metabolite changes during sports and exercise” (the Athlome Project Consortium and the Santorini Declaration) Not only sportomics includes metabonomics/metabolomics, but relying on the athlete’s biological passport or profile, it would enable the systematic study of sports-induced changes and effects at any level (genome, transcriptome, proteome, etc.). However, the wealth of data is so huge and massive and heterogenous that new computational algorithms and protocols are needed, more computational power is required as well as new strategies for properly and effectively combining and integrating data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A. Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Nicola Luigi Bragazzi,
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Plaza-Diaz J, Izquierdo D, Torres-Martos Á, Baig AT, Aguilera CM, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ. Impact of Physical Activity and Exercise on the Epigenome in Skeletal Muscle and Effects on Systemic Metabolism. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010126. [PMID: 35052805 PMCID: PMC8773693 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise and physical activity induces physiological responses in organisms, and adaptations in skeletal muscle, which is beneficial for maintaining health and preventing and/or treating most chronic diseases. These adaptations are mainly instigated by transcriptional responses that ensue in reaction to each individual exercise, either resistance or endurance. Consequently, changes in key metabolic, regulatory, and myogenic genes in skeletal muscle occur as both an early and late response to exercise, and these epigenetic modifications, which are influenced by environmental and genetic factors, trigger those alterations in the transcriptional responses. DNA methylation and histone modifications are the most significant epigenetic changes described in gene transcription, linked to the skeletal muscle transcriptional response to exercise, and mediating the exercise adaptations. Nevertheless, other alterations in the epigenetics markers, such as epitranscriptomics, modifications mediated by miRNAs, and lactylation as a novel epigenetic modification, are emerging as key events for gene transcription. Here, we provide an overview and update of the impact of exercise on epigenetic modifications, including the well-described DNA methylations and histone modifications, and the emerging modifications in the skeletal muscle. In addition, we describe the effects of exercise on epigenetic markers in other metabolic tissues; also, we provide information about how systemic metabolism or its metabolites influence epigenetic modifications in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.I.); (C.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada;
- Correspondence: (J.P.-D.); (F.J.R.-O.); Tel.: +34-9-5824-1000 (ext. 20314) (F.J.R.-O.)
| | - David Izquierdo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.I.); (C.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Álvaro Torres-Martos
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Aiman Tariq Baig
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada;
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 85M, Canada
| | - Concepción M. Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.I.); (C.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.I.); (C.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz, Center Munich, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.P.-D.); (F.J.R.-O.); Tel.: +34-9-5824-1000 (ext. 20314) (F.J.R.-O.)
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Haupt S, Niedrist T, Sourij H, Schwarzinger S, Moser O. The Impact of Exercise on Telomere Length, DNA Methylation and Metabolic Footprints. Cells 2022; 11:153. [PMID: 35011715 PMCID: PMC8750279 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging as a major risk factor influences the probability of developing cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, amongst others. The underlying mechanisms of disease are still not fully understood, but research suggests that delaying the aging process could ameliorate these pathologies. A key biological process in aging is cellular senescence which is associated with several stressors such as telomere shortening or enhanced DNA methylation. Telomere length as well as DNA methylation levels can be used as biological age predictors which are able to detect excessive acceleration or deceleration of aging. Analytical methods examining aging are often not suitable, expensive, time-consuming or require a high level of technical expertise. Therefore, research focusses on combining analytical methods which have the potential to simultaneously analyse epigenetic, genomic as well as metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Haupt
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Tobias Niedrist
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Harald Sourij
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Stephan Schwarzinger
- NBNC—North Bavarian NMR-Centre, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Othmar Moser
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany;
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
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Vann CG, Zhang X, Khodabukus A, Orenduff MC, Chen YH, Corcoran DL, Truskey GA, Bursac N, Kraus VB. Differential microRNA profiles of intramuscular and secreted extracellular vesicles in human tissue-engineered muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:937899. [PMID: 36091396 PMCID: PMC9452896 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.937899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise affects the expression of microRNAs (miR/s) and muscle-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). To evaluate sarcoplasmic and secreted miR expression in human skeletal muscle in response to exercise-mimetic contractile activity, we utilized a three-dimensional tissue-engineered model of human skeletal muscle ("myobundles"). Myobundles were subjected to three culture conditions: no electrical stimulation (CTL), chronic low frequency stimulation (CLFS), or intermittent high frequency stimulation (IHFS) for 7 days. RNA was isolated from myobundles and from extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by myobundles into culture media; miR abundance was analyzed by miRNA-sequencing. We used edgeR and a within-sample design to evaluate differential miR expression and Pearson correlation to evaluate correlations between myobundle and EV populations within treatments with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Numerous miRs were differentially expressed between myobundles and EVs; 116 miRs were differentially expressed within CTL, 3 within CLFS, and 2 within IHFS. Additionally, 25 miRs were significantly correlated (18 in CTL, 5 in CLFS, 2 in IHFS) between myobundles and EVs. Electrical stimulation resulted in differential expression of 8 miRs in myobundles and only 1 miR in EVs. Several KEGG pathways, known to play a role in regulation of skeletal muscle, were enriched, with differentially overrepresented miRs between myobundle and EV populations identified using miEAA. Together, these results demonstrate that in vitro exercise-mimetic contractile activity of human engineered muscle affects both their expression of miRs and number of secreted EVs. These results also identify novel miRs of interest for future studies of the role of exercise in organ-organ interactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Vann
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Melissa C Orenduff
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yu-Hsiu Chen
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David L Corcoran
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - George A Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Petrie MA, Taylor EB, Suneja M, Shields RK. Genomic and Epigenomic Evaluation of Electrically Induced Exercise in People With Spinal Cord Injury: Application to Precision Rehabilitation. Phys Ther 2021; 102:6413907. [PMID: 34718779 PMCID: PMC8754383 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical therapists develop patient-centered exercise prescriptions to help overcome the physical, emotional, psychosocial, and environmental stressors that undermine a person's health. Optimally prescribing muscle activity for people with disability, such as a spinal cord injury, is challenging because of their loss of volitional movement control and the deterioration of their underlying skeletal systems. This report summarizes spinal cord injury-specific factors that should be considered in patient-centered, precision prescription of muscle activity for people with spinal cord injury. This report also presents a muscle genomic and epigenomic analysis to examine the regulation of the proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) (oxidative) and myostatin (hypertrophy) signaling pathways in skeletal muscle during low-frequency (lower-force) electrically induced exercise versus higher-frequency (higher-force) electrically induced exercise under constant muscle recruitment (intensity). METHODS Seventeen people with spinal cord injury participated in 1 or more unilateral electrically induced exercise sessions using a lower-force (1-, 3-, or 5-Hz) or higher-force (20-Hz) protocol. Three hours after the exercise session, percutaneous muscle biopsies were performed on exercised and nonexercised muscles for genomic and epigenomic analysis. RESULTS We found that low-frequency (low-force) electrically induced exercise significantly increased the expression of PGC-1α and decreased the expression of myostatin, consistent with the expression changes observed with high-frequency (higher-force) electrically induced exercise. Further, we found that low-frequency (lower-force) electrically induced exercise significantly demethylated, or epigenetically promoted, the PGC-1α signaling pathway. A global epigenetic analysis showed that >70 pathways were regulated with low-frequency (lower-force) electrically induced exercise. CONCLUSION These novel results support the notion that low-frequency (low-force) electrically induced exercise may offer a more precise rehabilitation strategy for people with chronic paralysis and severe osteoporosis. Future clinical trials are warranted to explore whether low-frequency (lower-force) electrically induced exercise training affects the overall health of people with chronic spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Petrie
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Eric B Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Manish Suneja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Exercise attenuates low back pain and alters epigenetic regulation in intervertebral discs in a mouse model. Spine J 2021; 21:1938-1949. [PMID: 34116218 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Chronic low back pain (LBP) is a multifactorial disorder with complex underlying mechanisms, including associations with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration in some individuals. It has been demonstrated that epigenetic processes are involved in the pathology of IVD degeneration. Epigenetics refers to several mechanisms, including DNA methylation, that have the ability to change gene expression without inducing any change in the underlying DNA sequence. DNA methylation can alter the entire state of a tissue for an extended period of time and thus could potentially be harnessed for long-term pain relief. Lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, have a strong influence on epigenetic regulation. Exercise is a commonly prescribed treatment for chronic LBP, and sex-specific epigenetic adaptations in response to endurance exercise have been reported. However, whether exercise interventions that attenuate LBP are associated with epigenetic alterations in degenerating IVDs has not been evaluated. PURPOSE We hypothesize that the therapeutic efficacy of physical activity is mediated, at least in part, at the epigenetic level. The purpose of this study was to use the SPARC-null mouse model of LBP associated with IVD degeneration to clarify (1) if IVD degeneration is associated with altered expression of epigenetic regulatory genes in the IVDs, (2) if epigenetic regulatory machinery is sensitive to therapeutic environmental intervention, and (3) if there are sex-specific differences in (1) and/or (2). STUDY DESIGN Eight-month-old male and female SPARC-null and age-matched control (WT) mice (n=108) were assigned to exercise (n=56) or sedentary (n=52) groups. Deletion of SPARC is associated with progressive IVD degeneration and behavioral signs of LBP. The exercise group received a circular plastic home cage running wheel on which they could run freely. The sedentary group received an identical wheel secured in place to prevent rotation. After 6 months, the results obtained in each group were compared. METHODS After 6 months of exercise, LBP-related behavioral indices were determined, and global DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine) and epigenetic regulatory gene mRNA expression in IVDs were assessed. This project was supported by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research. The authors have no conflicts of interest. RESULTS Lumbar IVDs from WT sedentary and SPARC-null sedentary mice had similar levels of global DNA methylation (%5-mC) and comparable mRNA expression of epigenetic regulatory genes (Dnmt1,3a,b, Mecp2, Mbd2a,b, Tet1-3) in both sexes. Exercise attenuated LBP-related behaviors, decreased global DNA methylation in both WT (p<.05) and SPARC-null mice (p<.01) and reduced mRNA expression of Mecp2 in SPARC-null mice (p<.05). Sex-specific effects of exercise on expression of mRNA were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Exercise alleviates LBP in a mouse model. This may be mediated, in part, by changes in the epigenetic regulatory machinery in degenerating IVDs. Epigenetic alterations due to a lifestyle change could have a long-lasting therapeutic impact by changing tissue homeostasis in IVDs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study confirmed the therapeutic benefits of exercise on LBP and suggests that exercise results in sex-specific alterations in epigenetic regulation in IVDs. Elucidating the effects of exercise on epigenetic regulation may enable the discovery of novel gene targets or new strategies to improve the treatment of chronic LBP.
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Papaioannou F, Karatzanos E, Chatziandreou I, Philippou A, Nanas S, Dimopoulos S. Epigenetic effects following acute and chronic exercise in cardiovascular disease: A systematic review. Int J Cardiol 2021; 341:88-95. [PMID: 34339767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute exercise and exercise training may confer epigenetic modifications in healthy subjects. Epigenetic effects after exercise have been showed in patients with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence from available clinical trials that study epigenetic adaptations after exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. METHODS The search strategy was performed in PubMed and CENTRAL databases on articles published until September 2020. Studies with titles and abstracts relevant to exercise epigenetic modification applied to cardiovascular patients were fully examined. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were utilized for studies screening. Quality assessment with PEDro scale and evaluation by two independent reviewers was performed. RESULTS Of the 1714 articles retrieved, 88 articles were assessed for eligibility criteria and 8 articles matched our search criteria and finally included in the systematic analysis. The acute exercise epigenetic (miRNAs) effects were assessed in three studies and the chronic exercise training effects (miRNAs and DNA methylation) in six studies. The results have shown that there is possibly an acute significant exercise effect on epigenetic targets which is more evident after chronic exercise training. CONCLUSIONS By the present systematic review, we provide preliminary evidence of beneficial epigenetic adaptations following acute and chronic exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. More controlled studies are needed to confirm such evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foivos Papaioannou
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Karatzanos
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilenia Chatziandreou
- 1(st) Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Serafim Nanas
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Dimopoulos
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Cardiac Surgery ICU, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece.
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Kuji T, Sugasawa T, Fujita SI, Ono S, Kawakami Y, Takekoshi K. A Pilot Study of miRNA Expression Profile as a Liquid Biopsy for Full-Marathon Participants. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9100134. [PMID: 34678915 PMCID: PMC8539081 DOI: 10.3390/sports9100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomal microRNA (miRNA) in plasma and urine has attracted attention as a novel diagnostic tool for pathological conditions. However, the mechanisms of miRNA dynamics in the exercise physiology field are not well understood in terms of monitoring sports performance. This pilot study aimed to reveal the miRNA dynamics in urine and plasma of full-marathon participants. Plasma and urine samples were collected from 26 marathon participants before, immediately after, 2 h after, and one day after a full marathon. The samples were pooled, and exosomal miRNAs were extracted and analyzed using next-generation sequencing. We determined that the exosomal miRNA expression profile changed under time dependency in full marathon. New uncharacterized exosomal miRNAs such as hsa-miR-582-3p and hsa-miR-199a-3p could be potential biomarkers reflecting physical stress of full marathon in plasma and urine. In addition, some muscle miRNAs in plasma and urine have supported the utility for monitoring physical stress. Furthermore, some inflammation-related exosomal miRNAs were useful only in plasma. These results suggest that these exosomal miRNAs in plasma and/or urine are highly sensitive biomarkers for physical stress in full marathons. Thus, our findings may yield valuable insights into exercise physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kuji
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; or
- Research and Development Division, Blue Industries Inc., ArcaCentral Bldg. 14F, 1-2-1 Kinshi, Sumida, Tokyo 130-0013, Japan
| | - Takehito Sugasawa
- Laboratory of Laboratory-Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (T.S.); (S.-i.F.); (Y.K.)
| | - Shin-ichiro Fujita
- Laboratory of Laboratory-Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (T.S.); (S.-i.F.); (Y.K.)
| | - Seiko Ono
- Master’s Program in Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Yasushi Kawakami
- Laboratory of Laboratory-Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (T.S.); (S.-i.F.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kazuhiro Takekoshi
- Laboratory of Laboratory-Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (T.S.); (S.-i.F.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-853-3209
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Abstract
Human physiology is likely to have been selected for endurance physical activity. However, modern humans have become largely sedentary, with physical activity becoming a leisure-time pursuit for most. Whereas inactivity is a strong risk factor for disease, regular physical activity reduces the risk of chronic disease and mortality. Although substantial epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of exercise, comparatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms through which these effects operate. Genetic and genomic analyses have identified genetic variation associated with human performance and, together with recent proteomic, metabolomic and multi-omic analyses, are beginning to elucidate the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical activity on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Seung Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew T Wheeler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Jakobsson J, Cotgreave I, Furberg M, Arnberg N, Svensson M. Potential Physiological and Cellular Mechanisms of Exercise That Decrease the Risk of Severe Complications and Mortality Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:121. [PMID: 34564326 PMCID: PMC8472997 DOI: 10.3390/sports9090121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has unmasked mankind's vulnerability to biological threats. Although higher age is a major risk factor for disease severity in COVID-19, several predisposing risk factors for mortality are related to low cardiorespiratory and metabolic fitness, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. Reaching physical activity (PA) guideline goals contribute to protect against numerous immune and inflammatory disorders, in addition to multi-morbidities and mortality. Elevated levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, being non-obese, and regular PA improves immunological function, mitigating sustained low-grade systemic inflammation and age-related deterioration of the immune system, or immunosenescence. Regular PA and being non-obese also improve the antibody response to vaccination. In this review, we highlight potential physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that are affected by regular PA, increase the host antiviral defense, and may determine the course and outcome of COVID-19. Not only are the immune system and regular PA in relation to COVID-19 discussed, but also the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and hormonal systems, as well as skeletal muscle, epigenetics, and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Jakobsson
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Ian Cotgreave
- Division of Biomaterials and Health, Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Safety, Research Institutes of Sweden, 151 36 Södertälje, Sweden;
| | - Maria Furberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Michael Svensson
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
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Sellami M, Bragazzi N, Prince MS, Denham J, Elrayess M. Regular, Intense Exercise Training as a Healthy Aging Lifestyle Strategy: Preventing DNA Damage, Telomere Shortening and Adverse DNA Methylation Changes Over a Lifetime. Front Genet 2021; 12:652497. [PMID: 34421981 PMCID: PMC8379006 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is one of the few therapeutic interventions that improves health span by delaying the onset of age-related diseases and preventing early death. The length of telomeres, the 5'-TTAGGG n -3' tandem repeats at the ends of mammalian chromosomes, is one of the main indicators of biological age. Telomeres undergo shortening with each cellular division. This subsequently leads to alterations in the expression of several genes that encode vital proteins with critical functions in many tissues throughout the body, and ultimately impacts cardiovascular, immune and muscle physiology. The sub-telomeric DNA is comprised of heavily methylated, heterochromatin. Methylation and histone acetylation are two of the most well-studied examples of the epigenetic modifications that occur on histone proteins. DNA methylation is the type of epigenetic modification that alters gene expression without modifying gene sequence. Although diet, genetic predisposition and a healthy lifestyle seem to alter DNA methylation and telomere length (TL), recent evidence suggests that training status or physical fitness are some of the major factors that control DNA structural modifications. In fact, TL is positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity level (sedentary, active, moderately trained, or elite) and training intensity, but is shorter in over-trained athletes. Similarly, somatic cells are vulnerable to exercise-induced epigenetic modification, including DNA methylation. Exercise-training load, however, depends on intensity and volume (duration and frequency). Training load-dependent responses in genomic profiles could underpin the discordant physiological and physical responses to exercise. In the current review, we will discuss the role of various forms of exercise training in the regulation of DNA damage, TL and DNA methylation status in humans, to provide an update on the influence exercise training has on biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education (CEdu), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nicola Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mohammad Shoaib Prince
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education (CEdu), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Sports and Wellness, Department of Students Affairs, College of North Atlantic Qatar (CNAQ), Doha, Qatar
| | - Joshua Denham
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Wen Y, Dungan CM, Mobley CB, Valentino T, von Walden F, Murach KA. Nucleus Type-Specific DNA Methylomics Reveals Epigenetic "Memory" of Prior Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab038. [PMID: 34870208 PMCID: PMC8636928 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Using a mouse model of conditional and inducible in vivo fluorescent myonuclear labeling (HSA-GFP), sorting purification of nuclei, low-input reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS), and a translatable and reversible model of exercise (progressive weighted wheel running, PoWeR), we provide the first nucleus type-specific epigenetic information on skeletal muscle adaptation and detraining. Adult (>4 mo) HSA-GFP mice performed PoWeR for 8 wk then detrained for 12 wk; age-matched untrained mice were used to control for the long duration of the study. Myonuclei and interstitial nuclei from plantaris muscles were isolated for RRBS. Relative to untrained, PoWeR caused similar myonuclear CpG hypo- and hyper-methylation of promoter regions and substantial hypomethylation in interstitial nuclear promoters. Over-representation analysis of promoters revealed a larger number of hyper- versus hypo-methylated pathways in both nuclear populations after training and evidence for reciprocal regulation of methylation between nucleus types, with hypomethylation of promoter regions in Wnt signaling-related genes in myonuclei and hypermethylation in interstitial nuclei. After 12 wk of detraining, promoter CpGs in documented muscle remodeling-associated genes and pathways that were differentially methylated immediately after PoWeR were persistently differentially methylated in myonuclei, along with long-term promoter hypomethylation in interstitial nuclei. No enduring gene expression changes in muscle tissue were observed using RNA-sequencing. Upon 4 wk of retraining, mice that trained previously grew more at the whole muscle and fiber type-specific cellular level than training naïve mice, with no difference in myonuclear number. Muscle nuclei have a methylation epi-memory of prior training that may augment muscle adaptability to retraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wen
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Cory M Dungan
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA,College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - C Brooks Mobley
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Taylor Valentino
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ferdinand von Walden
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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Kent JA, Hayes KL. Exercise Physiology From 1980 to 2020: Application of the Natural Sciences. KINESIOLOGY REVIEW (CHAMPAIGN, ILL.) 2021; 10:238-247. [PMID: 35464337 PMCID: PMC9022627 DOI: 10.1123/kr.2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of exercise physiology has enjoyed tremendous growth in the past 40 years. With its foundations in the natural sciences, it is an interdisciplinary field that is highly relevant to human performance and health. The focus of this review is on highlighting new approaches, knowledge, and opportunities that have emerged in exercise physiology over the last four decades. Key among these is the adoption of advanced technologies by exercise physiologists to address fundamental research questions, and the expansion of research topics to range from molecular to organismal, and population scales in order to clarify the underlying mechanisms and impact of physiological responses to exercise in health and disease. Collectively, these advances have ensured the position of the field as a partner in generating new knowledge across many scientific and health disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Kent
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kate L Hayes
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Wilson SL, Wallingford M. Epigenetic regulation of reproduction in human and in animal models. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6329199. [PMID: 34318322 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Wallingford
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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van Ingen MJA, Kirby TJ. LINCing Nuclear Mechanobiology With Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:690577. [PMID: 34368139 PMCID: PMC8335485 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.690577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle demonstrates a high degree of adaptability in response to changes in mechanical input. The phenotypic transformation in response to mechanical cues includes changes in muscle mass and force generating capabilities, yet the molecular pathways that govern skeletal muscle adaptation are still incompletely understood. While there is strong evidence that mechanotransduction pathways that stimulate protein synthesis play a key role in regulation of muscle mass, there are likely additional mechano-sensitive mechanisms important for controlling functional muscle adaptation. There is emerging evidence that the cell nucleus can directly respond to mechanical signals (i.e., nuclear mechanotransduction), providing a potential additional level of cellular regulation for controlling skeletal muscle mass. The importance of nuclear mechanotransduction in cellular function is evident by the various genetic diseases that arise from mutations in proteins crucial to the transmission of force between the cytoskeleton and the nucleus. Intriguingly, these diseases preferentially affect cardiac and skeletal muscle, suggesting that nuclear mechanotransduction is critically important for striated muscle homeostasis. Here we discuss our current understanding for how the nucleus acts as a mechanosensor, describe the main cytoskeletal and nuclear proteins involved in the process, and propose how similar mechanoresponsive mechanisms could occur in the unique cellular environment of a myofiber. In addition, we examine how nuclear mechanotransduction fits into our current framework for how mechanical stimuli regulates skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J A van Ingen
- Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tyler J Kirby
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Hamdani N, Costantino S, Mügge A, Lebeche D, Tschöpe C, Thum T, Paneni F. Leveraging clinical epigenetics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a call for individualized therapies. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:1940-1958. [PMID: 36282124 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Described as the 'single largest unmet need in cardiovascular medicine', heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains an untreatable disease currently representing 65% of new heart failure diagnoses. HFpEF is more frequent among women and associates with a poor prognosis and unsustainable healthcare costs. Moreover, the variability in HFpEF phenotypes amplifies complexity and difficulties in the approach. In this perspective, unveiling novel molecular targets is imperative. Epigenetic modifications-defined as changes of DNA, histones, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)-represent a molecular framework through which the environment modulates gene expression. Epigenetic signals acquired over the lifetime lead to chromatin remodelling and affect transcriptional programmes underlying oxidative stress, inflammation, dysmetabolism, and maladaptive left ventricular remodelling, all conditions predisposing to HFpEF. The strong involvement of epigenetic signalling in this setting makes the epigenetic information relevant for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in patients with HFpEF. The recent advances in high-throughput sequencing, computational epigenetics, and machine learning have enabled the identification of reliable epigenetic biomarkers in cardiovascular patients. Contrary to genetic tools, epigenetic biomarkers mirror the contribution of environmental cues and lifestyle changes and their reversible nature offers a promising opportunity to monitor disease states. The growing understanding of chromatin and ncRNAs biology has led to the development of several Food and Drug Administration approved 'epidrugs' (chromatin modifiers, mimics, anti-miRs) able to prevent transcriptional alterations underpinning left ventricular remodelling and HFpEF. In the present review, we discuss the importance of clinical epigenetics as a new tool to be employed for a personalized management of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazha Hamdani
- Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.,Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St-Josef Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.,Clinical Pharmacology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren CH-8952, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Mügge
- Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St-Josef Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Cardiovascular Research Institute, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Medicine, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren CH-8952, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Carneiro A, Viana-Gomes D, Macedo-da-Silva J, Lima GHO, Mitri S, Alves SR, Kolliari-Turner A, Zanoteli E, Neto FRDA, Palmisano G, Pesquero JB, Moreira JC, Pereira MD. Risk factors and future directions for preventing and diagnosing exertional rhabdomyolysis. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:583-595. [PMID: 34193371 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exertional rhabdomyolysis may occur when an individual is subjected to strenuous physical exercise. It is occasionally associated with myoglobinuria (i.e. "cola-colored" urine) alongside muscle pain and weakness. The pathophysiology of exertional rhabdomyolysis involves striated muscle damage and the release of cellular components into extracellular fluid and bloodstream. This can cause acute renal failure, electrolyte abnormalities, arrhythmias and potentially death. Exertional rhabdomyolysis is observed in high-performance athletes who are subjected to intense, repetitive and/or prolonged exercise but is also observed in untrained individuals and highly trained or elite groups of military personnel. Several risk factors have been reported to increase the likelihood of the condition in athletes, including: viral infection, drug and alcohol abuse, exercise in intensely hot and humid environments, genetic polymorphisms (e.g. sickle cell trait and McArdle disease) and epigenetic modifications. This article reviews several of these risk factors and proposes screening protocols to identify individual susceptibility to exertional rhabdomyolysis as well as the relevance of proteomics for the evaluation of potential biomarkers of muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Carneiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Diretoria de Sistemas de Armas da Marinha, Marinha do Brazil, Brazil; Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Brazil.
| | - Diego Viana-Gomes
- Departamento de Corridas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física, Brazil
| | - Janaina Macedo-da-Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Brazil
| | - Giscard Humberto Oliveira Lima
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Italy
| | - Simone Mitri
- Centro de Ecologia Humana e Saúde do Trabalhador, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edmar Zanoteli
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Brazil
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Italy
| | | | - Marcos Dias Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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