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Haug E, Smith ORF, Ng K, Samdal O, Marques A, Borraccino A, Kopcakova J, Oja L, Fismen AS. Family structure and the association with physical activity-Findings from 40 countries participating in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300188. [PMID: 38630701 PMCID: PMC11023480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The family has been acknowledged as central to developing physical activity (PA) beliefs and behaviours. However, increased diversity in family structures has developed over the last decades. This study examines the association between family structure and PA among adolescents and cross-national variations in the associations. METHODS The data are from the 2013/14 Health Behaviours in School-Aged Children study, involving nationally representative samples of 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds (n = 211,798) from 40 countries. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the associations between family structure and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) by age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and geographic region. RESULTS Living with one versus two parents was associated with a reduced likelihood of daily 60 min MVPA for boys (IRR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92, 0.99) and ≥ 4 times/week VPA (IRR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91, 0.95). This impact on MVPA differed across individual-level SES (high SES; IRR = 0.92, (p <0.05), low SES; IRR = 1.04, (ns)), and was for VPA only significant for those with siblings (IRR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91, 0.96). Cross-country variations in the association between living with one versus two parents were observed, most pronounced for VPA. These differences varied by region, primarily explained by country-level SES differences between regions. The likelihood of daily 60 min MVPA also increased with siblings in the main house (IRR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.14), and ≥ 4 times/week VPA decreased with grandparents in the main house (IRR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.89,0.94). CONCLUSIONS Family structure correlated with PA, but cross-country differences exist. The findings are relevant for the development of policies and programs to facilitate PA, especially in countries where living with one versus two parents was unfavourable. Additional country-specific research is needed to identify challenges for engaging in PA related to family structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Haug
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Bergen, Norway
| | - Otto Robert Frans Smith
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kwok Ng
- Faculty of Education, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Oddrun Samdal
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alberto Borraccino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Jaroslava Kopcakova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Leila Oja
- National Institute for Health Development, Estonia
| | - Anne-Siri Fismen
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Inndalsveien, Bergen, Norway
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Bakalár P, Hnidková L, Ružbarská B, Ružbarský P, Slančová TK, Kopčáková J, Kostičová M, Gába A. First report card on physical activity for children and adolescents in Slovakia: a comprehensive analysis, international comparison, and identification of surveillance gaps. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:16. [PMID: 38291533 PMCID: PMC10826129 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND National surveillance of physical activity (PA) is essential to establish public health policy actions for PA promotion and evaluation, thereby promoting accountability. The main goal of this study is to comprehensively analyse surveillance data on PA behaviours, outcomes, and influencing factors among Slovakian children and adolescents by using the methodology of the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrix (AHKGA-GM) project. Secondary goals are to provide comparisons with international data and the identification of surveillance gaps. METHODS A comprehensive multilevel search strategy for data about 10 core indicators and 1 additional indicator published between 2015 and 2020 (solely pre-COVID-19-pandemic data) was used. The data were then synthesised, and a set of standardised benchmarks was used to assign grades according to The Global Matrix 4.0 Grading Rubric. RESULTS A total of 552 potentially relevant data resources were retrieved, of which 34 were identified as eligible for data extraction. Grade B was assigned to four core indicators, grade C to five core indicators, and grade D to one core indicator. The additional Sleep indicator was graded a C-. Compared with the average grades from countries with high Human Development Index scores, Slovakia received higher grades in five core indicators (Overall Physical Activity, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behaviours, School, Government), and in the aggregate Behavioural average and Overall average. Compared with global averages, Slovakia had higher grades in the aforementioned core and aggregate indicators, and in the Community and Environment core indicator and aggregate Sources of Influence average indicator. Numerous surveillance gaps were identified. CONCLUSIONS The overall grading of the available surveillance data suggests the need for improvement in all 10 surveilled core indicators, and in additional Sleep indicator. Despite the fact that numerous identified surveillance gaps limit the overall informative value of the current grade, they provide the important information needed to enhance surveillance of PA-related indicators in Slovakia. For instance, the focus should be put on younger children and parents, on obtaining the device-measured data on various movement behaviours, on the topic of outdoor physical activities, and policy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bakalár
- University of Presov, Faculty of Sports, Prešov, Slovakia.
| | - Lenka Hnidková
- University of Presov, Faculty of Sports, Prešov, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | - Jaroslava Kopčáková
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
- Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Aleš Gába
- Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Physical Culture, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Gulde P, Vojta H, Schmidle S, Rieckmann P, Hermsdörfer J. Going beyond PA: Assessing sensorimotor capacity with wearables in multiple sclerosis-a cross-sectional study. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:123. [PMID: 37735674 PMCID: PMC10515026 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wearable technologies are currently clinically used to assess energy expenditure in a variety of populations, e.g., persons with multiple sclerosis or frail elderly. To date, going beyond physical activity, deriving sensorimotor capacity instead of energy expenditure, is still lacking proof of feasibility. METHODS In this study, we read out sensors (accelerometer and gyroscope) of smartwatches in a sample of 90 persons with multiple sclerosis over the course of one day of everyday life in an inpatient setting. We derived a variety of different kinematic parameters, in addition to lab-based tests of sensorimotor performance, to examine their interrelation by principal component, cluster, and regression analyses. RESULTS These analyses revealed three components of behavior and sensorimotor capacity, namely clinical characteristics with an emphasis on gait, gait-related physical activity, and upper-limb related physical activity. Further, we were able to derive four clusters with different behavioral/capacity patterns in these dimensions. In a last step, regression analyses revealed that three selected smartwatch derived kinematic parameters were able to partially predict sensorimotor capacity, e.g., grip strength and upper-limb tapping. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses revealed that physical activity can significantly differ between persons with comparable clinical characteristics and that assessments of physical activity solely relying on gait can be misleading. Further, we were able to extract parameters that partially go beyond physical activity, with the potential to be used to monitor the course of disease progression and rehabilitation, or to early identify persons at risk or a sub-clinical threshold of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gulde
- Chair of Human Movement Science, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Centre for Clinical Neuroplasticity, Medical Park Loipl, Medical Park SE, Bischofswiesen, Germany.
| | - Heike Vojta
- Centre for Clinical Neuroplasticity, Medical Park Loipl, Medical Park SE, Bischofswiesen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schmidle
- Chair of Human Movement Science, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Rieckmann
- Centre for Clinical Neuroplasticity, Medical Park Loipl, Medical Park SE, Bischofswiesen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Hermsdörfer
- Chair of Human Movement Science, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Kretschmer L, Salali GD, Andersen LB, Hallal PC, Northstone K, Sardinha LB, Dyble M, Bann D. Gender differences in the distribution of children's physical activity: evidence from nine countries. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:103. [PMID: 37667391 PMCID: PMC10478357 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity in childhood is thought to influences health and development. Previous studies have found that boys are typically more active than girls, yet the focus has largely been on differences in average levels or proportions above a threshold rather than the full distribution of activity across all intensities. We thus examined differences in the distribution of physical activity between girls and boys in a multi-national sample of children. METHODS We used the harmonised International Children Accelerometry Database (ICAD), including waist-worn accelerometry data from 15,461 individuals (Boys: 48.3%) from 9 countries. Employing Generalised Additive Models of Location, Shape, and Scale (GAMLSS) we investigated gender differences in the distribution of individuals, including comparisons of variability (SD) and average physical activity levels (mean and median) and skewness. We conducted this analysis for each activity intensity (Sedentary, Light, and Moderate-to-Vigorous (MVPA)) and a summary measure (counts per minute (CPM)). RESULTS Sizable gender differences in the distribution of activity were found for moderate to vigorous activity and counts per minute, with boys having higher average levels (38% higher mean volumes of MVPA, 20% higher CPM), yet substantially more between-person variability (30% higher standard deviation (SD) for MVPA, 17% higher SD for CPM); boys' distributions were less positively skewed than girls. Conversely, there was little to no difference between girls and boys in the distribution of sedentary or light-intensity activity. CONCLUSIONS Inequality in activity between girls and boys was driven by MVPA. The higher mean volumes of MVPA in boys occurred alongside greater variability. This suggests a need to consider the underlying distribution of activity in future research; for example, interventions which target gender inequality in MVPA may inadvertently lead to increased inequality within girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Kretschmer
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, UCL, London, UK.
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, UK.
| | - Gul Deniz Salali
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, UK
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Kate Northstone
- Bristol School of Medicine, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Mark Dyble
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, UK
| | - David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, UCL, London, UK
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Johnson AM, Knell G, Walker TJ, Kroshus E. Differences in American adolescent sport participation during the COVID-19 pandemic by learning mode: A national survey. Prev Med Rep 2023; 32:102151. [PMID: 36820265 PMCID: PMC9933460 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relation between learning mode with sport participation and compare participation prevalence in different settings by learning mode among United States adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional, national survey was conducted by a market research company (December 2021-January 2022) among parents whose child participated in sports pre-pandemic. Parents were asked about their child's learning mode (in-person, online, hybrid); sports participation (yes/no) during the pandemic; and participation setting (school, community, club/elite). Weighted logistic regression models examined the relation between learning mode with sport participation. Weighted prevalence estimates of participation setting were compared by learning mode. Among youth included in the analysis (n = 500; Meanage = 14.0 years), 71.0% played sports during the pandemic. Learning mode was significantly associated with participating (versus not participating) among adolescents attending school online (aOR = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.04-0.18) and in a hybrid modality (aOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.15-0.58) versus those attending in-person. Those attending school online (versus in-person or hybrid) had significantly lower participation prevalence in community, school, and club/elite sports. Findings may reflect parents opting out of in-person activities or schools canceling organized sport opportunities. To inform engagement strategies, research is needed to understand reasons for declined participation and extent to which participation resumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh M. Johnson
- Work conducted while at the Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA,Corresponding author at: 5499 Aztec Bowl, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Gregory Knell
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA,Center for Pediatric Population Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Dallas, TX, USA,Children’s Health Andrews Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Plano, TX, USA
| | - Timothy J. Walker
- Department of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily Kroshus
- Work conducted while at the Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Dubnov-Raz G, Maor S, Ziv-Baran T. Pediatric obesity and body weight following the COVID-19 pandemic. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 48:881-885. [PMID: 34862622 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-19 pandemic and its associated lockdowns affected children's lifestyle dramatically. The effect of such changes on children's weight and obesity status is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare body weight and obesity rates in children from before the pandemic to 6 months after the major periods of lockdowns in Israel. METHODS We used data from medical records of pediatric emergency department visits, where weight is routinely measured, to compare weight and obesity prevalence in the fourth quartile of 2020 (n = 2468) as compared with the fourth quartiles of 2018-2019 (n = 5300). Weight was transformed to age- and sex-specific standard-deviation-scores (SDS) for analysis. RESULTS Weight-SDS increased by a mean of 0.07 during the first 6 months of the pandemic, yet this was only significant in preschoolers. Obesity rates also increased in this age group only, by 37%, from 8.1% to 11.1% (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Weight-SDS and obesity prevalence increased during the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic, yet only in younger children. Additional studies from other populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Dubnov-Raz
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shay Maor
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Tomer Ziv-Baran
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Beck F, Engel FA, Reimers AK. Compensation or Displacement of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:351. [PMID: 35327723 PMCID: PMC8947494 DOI: 10.3390/children9030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity during childhood and adolescence is associated with health benefits. Consequently, numerous health promotion programs for children and adolescents emphasize the enhancement of physical activity. However, the ActivityStat hypothesis states that increases in physical activity in one domain are compensated for by decreasing physical activity in another domain. Currently, little is known about how physical activity varies in children and adolescents within intervals of one day or multiple days. This systematic review provides an overview of studies that analyzed changes in (overall) physical activity, which were assessed with objective measurements, or compensatory mechanisms caused by increases or decreases in physical activity in a specific domain in children and adolescents. A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SportDiscus) was performed with a priori defined inclusion criteria. Two independent researchers screened the literature and identified and rated the methodological quality of the studies. A total of 77 peer-reviewed articles were included that analyzed changes in overall physical activity with multiple methodological approaches resulting in compensation or displacement. Of 40,829 participants, 16,265 indicated compensation associated with physical activity. Subgroup analyses separated by study design, participants, measurement instrument, physical activity context, and intervention duration also showed mixed results toward an indication of compensation. Quality assessment of the included studies revealed that they were of high quality (mean = 0.866). This review provides inconclusive results about compensation in relation to physical activity. A trend toward increased compensation in interventional studies and in interventions of longer duration have been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Beck
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91052 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Florian A. Engel
- Institute of Sport Science, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Judenbühlweg 11, 97082 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Anne Kerstin Reimers
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91052 Erlangen, Germany;
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Ren T, Yan J, Sun Q. Sociodemographic Correlates of Organized Sports Participation in a Sample of Middle School Students in China. Front Public Health 2021; 9:730555. [PMID: 34869148 PMCID: PMC8636987 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.730555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Organized sport participation (OSP) is considered as one method with the potential to increase overall physical activity (PA) levels in young people. It is essential to understand the correlates of OSP to inform future PA interventions. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the sociodemographic correlates of OSP among middle school students from the Nanjing City of China. Methods: A total of 7,097 adolescents (50.1% girls) aged 12–15 years from Nanjing, China, were recruited in this survey. Self-reported data on sex, grade, race, residence areas, proficient sport skills, and parental highest education were obtained. OSP was assessed by the question asked in the questionnaire on whether participants were involved in any “sports club or team” with the binary answer options of “yes” and “no,” for statistical analysis purposes. Generalized linear models were used to determine the correlates of OSP. Results: Only 16.6% reported participating in any organized sport over the past whole year, while boys (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.18–1.53) and 7th graders (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.18–1.65) were more likely to participate in organized sport. Adolescents being Han ethnicity were less likely to either participate in organized sport (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40–0.92), or masterless (one or two) proficient sport skills [OR (one) = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.20–0.37; OR (two) = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.36–0.50]. Besides, both residence area and parental highest education were not significantly associated with OSP among the participating adolescents. Conclusion: The current study confirmed that only one-sixth of adolescents participate in the organized sport over the past year. At-risk population subgroups include girls, older adolescents, being Han ethnicity, and those proficient in fewer sport skills. Sex, grades, race, and proficient sport skills were significant correlates of OSP. School, community, and families need to provide more resources and support for disadvantaged populations in OSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ren
- Centre for Science and Experiment, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiang Sun
- Centre for Science and Experiment, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Sports Training and Rehabilitation of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
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Larsen MN, Madsen M, Cyril R, Madsen EE, Lind RR, Ryom K, Christiansen SR, Elbe AM, Krustrup P. Well-being, physical fitness and health profile of 10-12 years old boys in relation to leisure-time sports club activities: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050194. [PMID: 34848512 PMCID: PMC8634333 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the correlation between sports club activities and well-being and physical health parameters in 10-12 years old boys. DESIGN Cross sectional. SETTING Danish schools. PARTICIPANTS 2293 boys took part in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Questionnaires on participation in sports clubs and well-being and testing of physical health profile through measurement of body composition, resting heart rate (RHR), blood pressure and postural balance, jump and Yo-Yo IR1C performance. Data were analysed by participation in sport and according to the five most frequently reported sports. RESULTS Boys enrolled in sports clubs had higher physical well-being (51.7±9.7 vs 45.9±8.7) and psychological well-being (53.3±9.6 vs 51.4±10.0), experienced more peers and social support (50.9±9.9 vs 48.0±11.6), and had a more positive perception of the school environment (48.6±7.5 vs 45.9±8.1) than boys not involved in sports clubs. In addition, they showed better Yo-Yo IR1C (+46%), long jump (9%) and balance test performance (+20%). The boys active in sports clubs had higher relative muscle mass (+6%) and lower fat percentage (-3%), body mass index (-6%) and RHR (-5%) compared with boys not involved in sports clubs (p<0.05). Boys enrolled in football clubs had higher aerobic fitness compared with boys not active in clubs (+11%), handball players (+5%), swimmers (+8%) and badminton players (+7%). Moreover, the boys enrolled in football clubs had lower fat percentage (-17%) and higher relative muscle mass (+4%) than swimmers. CONCLUSION Boys participating in club-based sports showed markedly higher levels of well-being and better physical health profiles than boys not involved in sports club activities. Footballers had superior aerobic fitness and body composition compared with those active in other sports. Results suggest that sports club activities seem to be beneficial for young boys' well-being, fitness and physical health profile, with the greatest benefits achieved by boys involved in football.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Nejst Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Madsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Cyril
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Esben Elholm Madsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institut for Terapeut- og Jordemoderuddannelser, University College Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Rune R Lind
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Knud Ryom
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Midtjylland, Denmark
| | | | - Anne-Marie Elbe
- Institute of Sport Psychology and Physical Education, Leipzig University Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter School of Sport and Health Sciences, Exeter, Devon, UK
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10
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Kellstedt DK, Schenkelberg MA, Essay AM, Von Seggern MJ, Rosenkranz RR, Welk GJ, High R, Dzewaltowski DA. Youth sport participation and physical activity in rural communities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 79:46. [PMID: 33832548 PMCID: PMC8028731 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Physical activity, a high-frequency health behavior, varies by where children live, learn, and play. Children accumulate physical activity in adult-led in-school and out-of-school settings. Youth sport is a potential setting for physical activity, but there are differences in youth sport participation based on age, sex, and socioeconomic status. There is a gap in understanding demographic influences on youth sport participation and how these factors interact to influence physical activity. This study examines influences of grade, sex, and family income on youth sport participation and these factors and youth sport participation on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of children in rural communities. Methods Children (n = 418 3rd–6th graders) living in two rural communities completed the online Youth Activity Profile as part of Wellscapes, a type 3 hybrid implementation-effectiveness community randomized trial. Mixed models with community as a random effect examined main effects and interactions of grade, sex, and family income on youth sport participation and these factors and youth sport participation on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Results About 80% of children engaged in youth sport, and full-pay lunch students were almost four times more likely to have youth sport participation than students with free/reduced lunch (OR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.95, 7.8). Females and 6th graders (p < 0.05) had lower physical activity than comparison groups. Males with higher family income had greater physical activity; females with higher family income had less physical activity. For 6th graders, high family income had less effect on physical activity than similar 3rd-5th graders (p < 0.01). Conclusions While a fairly high percentage of children participate in youth sports, there are disparities in rural communities on youth sport participation and physical activity outcomes based on age, sex, and family income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra K Kellstedt
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | | | - Ann M Essay
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mary J Von Seggern
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Gregory J Welk
- College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Robin High
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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11
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Differences in Weight Status and Autonomous Motivation towards Sports among Children with Various Profiles of Motor Competence and Organized Sports Participation. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8020156. [PMID: 33670830 PMCID: PMC7922107 DOI: 10.3390/children8020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed (1) to identify profiles in children based on actual motor competence (AMC), perceived motor competence (PMC), and organized sports participation (OSP), and (2) to examine differences among these profiles in weight status as well as autonomous motivation towards sports. Children’s (N = 206; 112 boys; Mage = 10.83 ± 0.92 years) AMC, PMC, OSP, weight status, and autonomous motivation towards sports were measured using validated assessment tools. Cluster analyses identified three profiles with completely convergent levels of AMC, PMC, and OSP and three profiles with partially convergent levels. Children in the convergent profiles with average to high levels of AMC, PMC, and OSP had the most optimal profile, as they combined a healthier weight status with elevated levels of autonomous motivation, while the opposite was true for children with low levels on all three cluster-variables. Partially convergent profiles showed that AMC and PMC appear crucial for weight status, as profiles with relatively low levels of AMC and PMC had the highest weight status, independent of their OSP levels. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of promoting AMC, PMC, and OSP simultaneously to help children in achieving a healthy weight status and being autonomously motivated towards OSP.
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12
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Groffik D, Frömel K, Ziemba M, Mitáš J. The Association between Participation in Organized Physical Activity and the Structure of Weekly Physical Activity in Polish Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041408. [PMID: 33546302 PMCID: PMC7913523 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of the study was to determine the associations of participation in organized physical activity (OPA), and the structure of weekly physical activity (PA) with meeting the PA recommendations among Polish boys and girls. The research was conducted between 2012 and 2019 in the Silesian region of Poland among 3499 secondary school students. To determine the structure of PA (school, transportation, home, recreation, vigorous moderate, and walking), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form (IPAQ-LF) questionnaire was used. Adolescents participating in OPA showed significantly more PA (p < 0.001) than non-participating adolescents. The strongest associations were observed between participation in OPA and vigorous PA. The weekly recommendation of vigorous PA was met by 61% of the students with three or more lessons of OPA per week, 29% of students with one or two lessons of OPA per week, and 24% of students not participating in OPA. Therefore, boys and girls with no OPA are at greatest risk of health issues. Schools, sports clubs, and leisure institutions should increase the participation of adolescents in OPA, especially non-participants. Comprehensive school PA programs should especially include those forms of OPA that respect health weaknesses, individual talents for specific types of PA, and preferred types of PA among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Groffik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (D.G.); (K.F.); (M.Z.)
| | - Karel Frömel
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (D.G.); (K.F.); (M.Z.)
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mateusz Ziemba
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (D.G.); (K.F.); (M.Z.)
| | - Josef Mitáš
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-58-563-6745
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13
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Madsen M, Larsen MN, Cyril R, Møller TK, Madsen EE, Ørntoft C, Lind RR, Ryom K, Christiansen SR, Wikman J, Elbe AM, Krustrup P. Well-Being, Physical Fitness, and Health Profile of 2,203 Danish Girls Aged 10-12 in Relation to Leisure-time Sports Club Activity-With Special Emphasis on the Five Most Popular Sports. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:2283-2290. [PMID: 32991507 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Madsen, M, Larsen, MN, Cyril, R, Møller, TK, Madsen, EE, Ørntoft, C, Lind, RR, Ryom, K, Christiansen, SR, Wikman, J, Elbe, AM, and Krustrup, P. Well-being, physical fitness, and health profile of 2,203 Danish girls aged 10-12 in relation to leisure-time sports club activity-with special emphasis on the five most popular sports. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-This study investigated the relationship between leisure-time sports club activities and well-being as well as physical health parameters in 10-12-year-old Danish girls. Two thousand two hundred three girls took part in the study, which included questionnaires on participation in leisure-time sports clubs, well-being, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 children's test, long jump, balance tests, body composition, blood pressure (BP), and resting heart rate (RHR). Data were analyzed according to whether the girls participated in leisure-time sport and according to the 5 most frequently reported sports. Girls enrolled in leisure-time sports had higher physical well-being (49.3 ± 8.6 vs. 45.2 ± 8.3), psychological well-being (50.4 ± 9.0 vs. 49.4 ± 9.8), experienced more peer and social support (50.2 ± 10.0 vs. 48.9 ± 10.7), and perceived a more positive school environment (52.5 ± 8.0 vs. 50.5 ± 9.3), as well as showing higher Yo-Yo (+39%), long jump (+10%), and balance performance (+15%) than girls not involved in sport clubs. The girls active in sports clubs had higher relative muscle mass (+5%), lower fat percentage (-11%), body mass index (-5%), RHR (-3.4 b·min), and diastolic BP (-1.4 mm Hg) compared with girls not involved in sport (p < 0.05). Girls who played soccer showed higher aerobic fitness compared with inactive girls (+67%), dancers (+39%), swimmers (+38%), and gymnasts (+16%). Gymnasts had a lower fat percentage than inactive girls (-19%), team handballers (-10%), swimmers (-12%), and soccer players (-4%). Girls participating in club-based leisure-time sports showed higher well-being and better fitness and health profiles than girls not involved in any sports club activities. Girls involved in soccer had better aerobic fitness and gymnasts a lower fat percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Madsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Malte N Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Cyril
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine K Møller
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Esben E Madsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Rune R Lind
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Knud Ryom
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Johan Wikman
- Center of Research on Welfare, Health, and Sport (CVHI), Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Elbe
- Institute of Sport Psychology and Physical Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Shanghai University of Sport (SUS), Shanghai, China
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