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Jang YO, Roh Y, Shin W, Jo S, Koo B, Liu H, Kim MG, Lee HJ, Qiao Z, Lee EY, Lee M, Lee J, Lee EJ, Shin Y. Transferrin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for the isolation of brain-derived blood exosomal MicroRNAs: A novel approach for Parkinson's disease diagnosis. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1306:342623. [PMID: 38692796 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived exosomes circulate in the bloodstream and other bodily fluids, serving as potential indicators of neurological disease progression. These exosomes present a promising avenue for the early and precise diagnosis of neurodegenerative conditions. Notably, miRNAs found in plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer distinct diagnostic benefits due to their stability, abundance, and resistance to breakdown. RESULTS In this study, we introduce a method using transferrin conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (TMNs) to isolate these exosomes from the plasma of patients with neurological disorders. This TMNs technique is both quick (<35 min) and cost-effective, requiring no high-priced ingredients or elaborate equipment for EV extraction. Our method successfully isolated EVs from 33 human plasma samples, including those from patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Dementia. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, we evaluated the potential of 8 exosomal miRNA profiles as biomarker candidates. Six exosomal miRNA biomarkers (miR-195-5p, miR-495-3p, miR-23b-3P, miR-30c-2-3p, miR-323a-3p, and miR-27a-3p) were consistently linked with all stages of PD. SIGNIFICANCE The TMNs method provides a practical, cost-efficient way to isolate EVs from biological samples, paving the way for non-invasive neurological diagnoses. Furthermore, the identified miRNA biomarkers in these exosomes may emerge as innovative tools for precise diagnosis in neurological disorders including PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ok Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Roh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wangyong Shin
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyang Jo
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonhan Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Huifang Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Gyu Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Joo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Qiao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Jae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Xiang C, Hong SM, Zhao B, Pi H, Du F, Lu X, Tang Y, Shen N, Yang C, Wang R. Fibroblast expression of neurotransmitter receptor HTR2A associates with inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis joint. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:84. [PMID: 38662111 PMCID: PMC11045650 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The study of neuroimmune crosstalk and the involvement of neurotransmitters in inflammation and bone health has illustrated their significance in joint-related conditions. One important mode of cell-to-cell communication in the synovial fluid (SF) is through extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying microRNAs (miRNAs). The role of neurotransmitter receptors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint diseases, and whether there are specific miRNAs regulating differentially expressed HTR2A, contributing to the inflammatory processes and bone metabolism is unclear. Expression of neurotransmitter receptors and their correlated inflammatory molecules were identified in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) synovium from a scRNA-seq dataset. Immunohistochemistry staining of synovial tissue (ST) from RA and OA patients was performed for validation. Expression of miRNAs targeting HTR2A carried by SF EVs was screened in low- and high-grade inflammation RA from a public dataset and validated by qPCR. HTR2A reduction by target miRNAs was verified by miRNAs mimics transfection into RA fibroblasts. HTR2A was found to be highly expressed in fibroblasts derived from RA synovial tissue. Its expression showed a positive correlation with the degree of inflammation observed. 5 miRNAs targeting HTR2A were decreased in RA SF EVs compared to OA, three of which, miR-214-3p, miR-3120-5p and miR-615-3p, mainly derived from monocytes in the SF, were validated as regulators of HTR2A expression. The findings suggest that fibroblast HTR2A may play a contributory role in inflammation and the pathogenesis of RA. Additionally, targeting miRNAs that act upon HTR2A could present novel therapeutic strategies for alleviating inflammation in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Xiang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Soon-Min Hong
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Bingjiao Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Pi
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Du
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjia Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunxi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China.
| | - Runci Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China.
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3
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Al-Madhagi H. The Landscape of Exosomes Biogenesis to Clinical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3657-3675. [PMID: 38681093 PMCID: PMC11048319 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s463296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that originate from various cells and mediate intercellular communication, altering the behavior or fate of recipient cells. They carry diverse macromolecules, such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Environmental stressors can change the exosomal contents of many cells, making them useful for diagnosing many chronic disorders, especially neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, cancerous, and diabetic diseases. Moreover, exosomes can be engineered as therapeutic agents to modulate disease processes. State-of-art techniques are employed to separate exosomes including ultracentrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography and immunoaffinity. However, modern technologies such as aqueous two-phase system as well as microfluidics are gaining attention in the recent years. The article highlighted the composition, biogenesis, and implications of exosomes, as well as the standard and novel methods for isolating them and applying them as biomarkers and therapeutic cargo carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Al-Madhagi
- Biochemical Technology Program, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Dhamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
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4
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Li W, Zhu J, Li J, Jiang Y, Sun J, Xu Y, Pan H, Zhou Y, Zhu J. Research advances of tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:184. [PMID: 38598014 PMCID: PMC11006789 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate cell-to-cell communication and affect various physiological and pathological processes in both parent and recipient cells. Currently, extensive research has focused on the EVs derived from cell cultures and various body fluids. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the EVs derived from tissues. Tissue EVs can reflect the microenvironment of the specific tissue and the cross-talk of communication among different cells, which can provide more accurate and comprehensive information for understanding the development and progression of diseases. METHODS We review the state-of-the-art technologies involved in the isolation and purification of tissue EVs. Then, the latest research progress of tissue EVs in the mechanism of tumor occurrence and development is presented. And finally, the application of tissue EVs in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer is anticipated. RESULTS We evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various tissue processing and EVs isolation methods, and subsequently analyze the significance of protein characterization in determining the purity of tissue EVs. Furthermore, we focus on outlining the importance of EVs derived from tumor and adipose tissues in tumorigenesis and development, as well as their potential applications in early tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. CONCLUSION When isolating and characterizing tissue EVs, the most appropriate protocol needs to be specified based on the characteristics of different tissues. Tissue EVs are valuable in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of tumors, and the potential risks associated with tissue EVs need to be considered as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Jiang
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuai Sun
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Research Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterial, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Pan
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Research Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterial, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Augello G, Cusimano A, Cervello M, Cusimano A. Extracellular Vesicle-Related Non-Coding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1415. [PMID: 38611093 PMCID: PMC11011022 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. It is a major public health problem worldwide, and it is often diagnosed at advanced stages, when no effective treatment options are available. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized double-layer lipid vesicles containing various biomolecule cargoes, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. EVs are released from nearly all types of cells and have been shown to play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. In recent years, many studies have investigated the role of EVs in cancer, including HCC. Emerging studies have shown that EVs play primary roles in the development and progression of cancer, modulating tumor growth and metastasis formation. Moreover, it has been observed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) carried by tumor cell-derived EVs promote tumorigenesis, regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and playing critical roles in the progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance of HCC. EV-related ncRNAs can provide information regarding disease status, thus encompassing a role as biomarkers. In this review, we discuss the main roles of ncRNAs present in HCC-derived EVs, including micro(mi) RNAs, long non-coding (lnc) RNAs, and circular (circ) RNAs, and their potential clinical value as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessandra Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (M.C.)
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6
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Padinharayil H, Varghese J, Wilson C, George A. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Characteristics and applications in disease pathology and management. Life Sci 2024; 342:122542. [PMID: 38428567 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess a role in tissue regeneration and homeostasis because of inherent immunomodulatory capacity and the production of factors that encourage healing. There is substantial evidence that MSCs' therapeutic efficacy is primarily determined by their paracrine function including in cancers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are basic paracrine effectors of MSCs that reside in numerous bodily fluids and cell homogenates and play an important role in bidirectional communication. MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) offer a wide range of potential therapeutic uses that exceed cell treatment, while maintaining protocell function and having less immunogenicity. We describe characteristics and isolation methods of MSC-EVs, and focus on their therapeutic potential describing its roles in tissue repair, anti-fibrosis, and cancer with an emphasis on the molecular mechanism and immune modulation and clinical trials. We also explain current understanding and challenges in the clinical applications of MSC-EVs as a cell free therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Padinharayil
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 05, Kerala, India; PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689641, India
| | - Jinsu Varghese
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689641, India
| | - Cornelia Wilson
- Canterbury Christ Church University, Natural Applied Sciences, Life Science Industry Liaison Lab, Discovery Park, Sandwich CT139FF, United Kingdom.
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 05, Kerala, India.
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7
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Lo KJ, Wang MH, Ho CT, Pan MH. Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A New Revolutionization of Modern Healthy Diets and Biomedical Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2853-2878. [PMID: 38300835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have recently emerged as a promising area of research due to their potential health benefits and biomedical applications. Produced by various plant species, these EVs contain diverse bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Increasing in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that PDEVs have inherent pharmacological activities that affect cellular processes, exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, which can potentially contribute to disease therapy and improve human health. Additionally, PDEVs have shown potential as efficient and biocompatible drug delivery vehicles in treating various diseases. However, while PDEVs serve as a potential rising star in modern healthy diets and biomedical applications, further research is needed to address their underlying knowledge gaps, especially the lack of standardized protocols for their isolation, identification, and large-scale production. Furthermore, the safety and efficacy of PDEVs in clinical applications must be thoroughly evaluated. In this review, we concisely discuss current knowledge in the PDEV field, including their characteristics, biomedical applications, and isolation methods, to provide an overview of the current state of PDEV research. Finally, we discuss the challenges regarding the current and prospective issues for PDEVs. This review is expected to provide new insights into healthy diets and biomedical applications of vegetables and fruits, inspiring new advances in natural food-based science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jiun Lo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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8
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Welsh JA, Goberdhan DCI, O'Driscoll L, Buzas EI, Blenkiron C, Bussolati B, Cai H, Di Vizio D, Driedonks TAP, Erdbrügger U, Falcon‐Perez JM, Fu Q, Hill AF, Lenassi M, Lim SK, Mahoney MG, Mohanty S, Möller A, Nieuwland R, Ochiya T, Sahoo S, Torrecilhas AC, Zheng L, Zijlstra A, Abuelreich S, Bagabas R, Bergese P, Bridges EM, Brucale M, Burger D, Carney RP, Cocucci E, Colombo F, Crescitelli R, Hanser E, Harris AL, Haughey NJ, Hendrix A, Ivanov AR, Jovanovic‐Talisman T, Kruh‐Garcia NA, Ku'ulei‐Lyn Faustino V, Kyburz D, Lässer C, Lennon KM, Lötvall J, Maddox AL, Martens‐Uzunova ES, Mizenko RR, Newman LA, Ridolfi A, Rohde E, Rojalin T, Rowland A, Saftics A, Sandau US, Saugstad JA, Shekari F, Swift S, Ter‐Ovanesyan D, Tosar JP, Useckaite Z, Valle F, Varga Z, van der Pol E, van Herwijnen MJC, Wauben MHM, Wehman AM, Williams S, Zendrini A, Zimmerman AJ, MISEV Consortium, Théry C, Witwer KW. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12404. [PMID: 38326288 PMCID: PMC10850029 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of PathologyNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Deborah C. I. Goberdhan
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive HealthUniversity of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Edit I. Buzas
- Department of Genetics, Cell‐ and ImmunobiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HCEMM‐SU Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HUN‐REN‐SU Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | | | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tom A. P. Driedonks
- Department CDL ResearchUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- University of Virginia Health SystemCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Juan M. Falcon‐Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in BiosciencesBasque Research and Technology AllianceDerioSpain
- Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in BiosciencesBasque Research and Technology AllianceDerioSpain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Qing‐Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Andrew F. Hill
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Metka Lenassi
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Paracrine Therapeutics Pte. Ltd.SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery, YLL School of MedicineNational University SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mỹ G. Mahoney
- Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell FacilityAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong S.A.R.
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Susmita Sahoo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ana C. Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Campus DiademaDiademaBrazil
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Andries Zijlstra
- Department of PathologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- GenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sarah Abuelreich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Reem Bagabas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
- National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs based on RNA TechnologyPaduaItaly
| | - Esther M. Bridges
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Marco Brucale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ‐ Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFlorenceItaly
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research CentreOttawa Hopsital Research InstituteOttawaCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Randy P. Carney
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emanuele Cocucci
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Federico Colombo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Edveena Hanser
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Norman J. Haughey
- Departments of Neurology and PsychiatryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and RepairGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research Institute GhentGhentBelgium
| | - Alexander R. Ivanov
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tijana Jovanovic‐Talisman
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicole A. Kruh‐Garcia
- Bio‐pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Academic Resource Center (BioMARC)Infectious Disease Research Center, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Vroniqa Ku'ulei‐Lyn Faustino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Diego Kyburz
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of RheumatologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionInstitute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Kathleen M. Lennon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Adam L. Maddox
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Elena S. Martens‐Uzunova
- Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of UrologyRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rachel R. Mizenko
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lauren A. Newman
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andrea Ridolfi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB AmsterdamVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eva Rohde
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University HospitalSalzburger Landeskliniken GmbH of Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- GMP Unit, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Transfer Centre for Extracellular Vesicle Theralytic Technologies, EV‐TTSalzburgAustria
| | - Tatu Rojalin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Expansion Therapeutics, Structural Biology and BiophysicsJupiterFloridaUSA
| | - Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andras Saftics
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ursula S. Sandau
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Julie A. Saugstad
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Celer DiagnosticsTorontoCanada
| | - Simon Swift
- Waipapa Taumata Rau University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Dmitry Ter‐Ovanesyan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Juan P. Tosar
- Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
- Institut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | - Zivile Useckaite
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Francesco Valle
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ‐ Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFlorenceItaly
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Biological Nanochemistry Research GroupInstitute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. C. van Herwijnen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marca H. M. Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
| | - Alan J. Zimmerman
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932PSL UniversityParisFrance
- CurieCoreTech Extracellular Vesicles, Institut CurieParisFrance
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- EV Core Facility “EXCEL”, Institute for Basic Biomedical SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's DiseaseJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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9
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Liu H, Su J. Organoid extracellular vesicle-based therapeutic strategies for bone therapy. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2023; 4:199-212. [PMID: 38282702 PMCID: PMC10817793 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of population ageing, bone-related diseases seriously affecting the life of the elderly. Over the past few years, organoids, cell clusters with specific functions and structures that are self-induced from stem cells after three-dimensional culture in vitro, have been widely used for bone therapy. Moreover, organoid extracellular vesicles (OEVs) have emerging as promising cell-free nanocarriers due to their vigoroso physiological effects, significant biological functions, stable loading capacity, and great biocompatibility. In this review, we first provide a comprehensive overview of biogenesis, internalisation, isolation, and characterisation of OEVs. We then comprehensively highlight the differences between OEVs and traditional EVs. Subsequently, we present the applications of natural OEVs in disease treatment. We also summarise the engineering modifications of OEVs, including engineering parental cells and engineering OEVs after isolation. Moreover, we provide an outlook on the potential of natural and engineered OEVs in bone-related diseases. Finally, we critically discuss the advantages and challenges of OEVs in the treatment of bone diseases. We believe that a comprehensive discussion of OEVs will provide more innovative and efficient solutions for complex bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Jin S, Liu T, Wang W, Li T, Liu Z, Zhang M. Lymphocyte migration regulation related proteins in urine exosomes may serve as a potential biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1125. [PMID: 37980468 PMCID: PMC10656923 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The migration of lymphocytes shares many similarities in mode and mechanism with the metastasis of lung cancer tumor cells. But changes in the expression of lymphocyte migration regulation related proteins in urine exosomes remain unclear. This study is to investigate the expression changes of lymphocyte migration regulation related proteins in urine exosomes of lung cancer patients, and further verify their correlation with the development and progression of lung cancer. METHODS Urine exosomes were collected from lung cancer patients and healthy people aged 15-79 years. Mass spectrometry was used to screen and explore the expression changes of lymphocyte migration regulation related proteins in healthy people of different ages. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting were used to detect the expression changes of lymphocyte migration regulation related proteins in lung cancer patients. RESULTS Analyzing the data of urine exosome proteomics, a total of 12 lymphocyte related proteins were identified, 5 of which were lymphocyte migration regulation related proteins. Among these proteins, WASL and STK10 proteins showed a gradual decrease in expression with age, and WNK1 protein showed a gradual increase. Lung cancer patients had reduced expression of WASL and increased expression of STK10 and WNK1 proteins in urine exosomes compared to normal people. Urine exosome WASL, STK10, and WNK1 were diagnosed with lung cancer, with a combined AUC of 0.760. CONCLUSIONS Lymphocyte migration regulation related proteins were differentially expressed in the urine exosome of lung cancer patients, and WASL, STK10 and WNK1 may serve as potential biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jin
- Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Tianci Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Tao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Zhefeng Liu
- Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Man Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Laboratory Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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11
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Zhang J, Wu J, Wang G, He L, Zheng Z, Wu M, Zhang Y. Extracellular Vesicles: Techniques and Biomedical Applications Related to Single Vesicle Analysis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17668-17698. [PMID: 37695614 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are extensively dispersed lipid bilayer membrane vesicles involved in the delivery and transportation of molecular payloads to certain cell types to facilitate intercellular interactions. Their significant roles in physiological and pathological processes make EVs outstanding biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring as well as ideal candidates for drug delivery. Nevertheless, differences in the biogenesis processes among EV subpopulations have led to a diversity of biophysical characteristics and molecular cargos. Additionally, the prevalent heterogeneity of EVs has been found to substantially hamper the sensitivity and accuracy of disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring, thus impeding the advancement of clinical applications. In recent years, the evolution of single EV (SEV) analysis has enabled an in-depth comprehension of the physical properties, molecular composition, and biological roles of EVs at the individual vesicle level. This review examines the sample acquisition tactics prior to SEV analysis, i.e., EV isolation techniques, and outlines the current state-of-the-art label-free and label-based technologies for SEV identification. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of biomedical applications based on SEV analysis are systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guanzhao Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Luxuan He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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12
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Nair S, Ormazabal V, Carrion F, Handberg A, McIntyre H, Salomon C. Extracellular vesicle-mediated targeting strategies for long-term health benefits in gestational diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1311-1332. [PMID: 37650554 PMCID: PMC10472199 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators of cell communication, playing important roles in regulating molecular cross-talk between different metabolic tissues and influencing insulin sensitivity in both healthy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancies. The ability of EVs to transfer molecular cargo between cells imbues them with potential as therapeutic agents. During pregnancy, the placenta assumes a vital role in metabolic regulation, with multiple mechanisms of placenta-mediated EV cross-talk serving as central components in GDM pathophysiology. This review focuses on the role of the placenta in the pathophysiology of GDM and explores the possibilities and prospects of targeting the placenta to address insulin resistance and placental dysfunction in GDM. Additionally, we propose the use of EVs as a novel method for targeted therapeutics in treating the dysfunctional placenta. The primary aim of this review is to comprehend the current status of EV targeting approaches and assess the potential application of these strategies in placental therapeutics, thereby delivering molecular cargo and improving maternal and fetal outcomes in GDM. We propose that EVs have the potential to revolutionize GDM management, offering hope for enhanced maternal-fetal health outcomes and more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicle in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Valeska Ormazabal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Flavio Carrion
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - H David McIntyre
- Mater Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicle in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Ding JY, Chen MJ, Wu LF, Shu GF, Fang SJ, Li ZY, Chu XR, Li XK, Wang ZG, Ji JS. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in skin wound healing: roles, opportunities and challenges. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:36. [PMID: 37587531 PMCID: PMC10433599 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00472-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin wounds are characterized by injury to the skin due to trauma, tearing, cuts, or contusions. As such injuries are common to all human groups, they may at times represent a serious socioeconomic burden. Currently, increasing numbers of studies have focused on the role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in skin wound repair. As a cell-free therapy, MSC-derived EVs have shown significant application potential in the field of wound repair as a more stable and safer option than conventional cell therapy. Treatment based on MSC-derived EVs can significantly promote the repair of damaged substructures, including the regeneration of vessels, nerves, and hair follicles. In addition, MSC-derived EVs can inhibit scar formation by affecting angiogenesis-related and antifibrotic pathways in promoting macrophage polarization, wound angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and cell migration, and by inhibiting excessive extracellular matrix production. Additionally, these structures can serve as a scaffold for components used in wound repair, and they can be developed into bioengineered EVs to support trauma repair. Through the formulation of standardized culture, isolation, purification, and drug delivery strategies, exploration of the detailed mechanism of EVs will allow them to be used as clinical treatments for wound repair. In conclusion, MSC-derived EVs-based therapies have important application prospects in wound repair. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of their current status, application potential, and associated drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 323000, Lishui, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Jiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 323000, Lishui, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-Feng Wu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gao-Feng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 323000, Lishui, China
- Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi-Ji Fang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 323000, Lishui, China
- Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Li
- Department of Overseas Education College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Xu-Ran Chu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Medicine II, Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine V, Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Xiao-Kun Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhou-Guang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 323000, Lishui, China.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian-Song Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 323000, Lishui, China.
- Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Du S, Guan Y, Xie A, Yan Z, Gao S, Li W, Rao L, Chen X, Chen T. Extracellular vesicles: a rising star for therapeutics and drug delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:231. [PMID: 37475025 PMCID: PMC10360328 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, natural, cell-derived vesicles that contain the same nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids as their source cells. Thus, they can serve as natural carriers for therapeutic agents and drugs, and have many advantages over conventional nanocarriers, including their low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, natural blood-brain barrier penetration, and capacity for gene delivery. This review first introduces the classification of EVs and then discusses several currently popular methods for isolating and purifying EVs, EVs-mediated drug delivery, and the functionalization of EVs as carriers. Thereby, it provides new avenues for the development of EVs-based therapeutic strategies in different fields of medicine. Finally, it highlights some challenges and future perspectives with regard to the clinical application of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Du
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yucheng Guan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Aihua Xie
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhao Yan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Sijia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6007, N22, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Weirong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6007, N22, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Tongkai Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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15
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Liu T, Liu N, Wang Y, Li T, Zhang M. Differential expression of coagulation pathway-related proteins in diabetic urine exosomes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:145. [PMID: 37349729 PMCID: PMC10288686 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulation function monitoring is important for the occurrence and development of diabetes. A total of 16 related proteins are involved in coagulation, but how these proteins change in diabetic urine exosomes is unclear. To explore the expression changes of coagulation-related proteins in urine exosomes and their possible roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes, we performed proteomic analysis and finally applied them to the noninvasive monitoring of diabetes. METHODS Subject urine samples were collected. LC-MS/MS was used to collect the information on coagulation-related proteins in urine exosomes. ELISA, mass spectrometry and western blotting were used to further verify the differential protein expression in urine exosomes. Correlations with clinical indicators were explored, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the value of differential proteins in diabetes monitoring. RESULTS Analyzing urine exosome proteomics data, eight coagulation-related proteins were found in this study. Among them, F2 was elevated in urine exosomes of diabetic patients compared with healthy controls. The results of ELISA, mass spectrometry and western blotting further verified the changes in F2. Correlation analysis showed that the expression of urine exosome F2 was correlated with clinical lipid metabolism indexes, and the concentration of F2 was strongly positively correlated with blood TG levels (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that F2 protein in urine exosomes had a good monitoring value for diabetes. CONCLUSION Coagulation-related proteins were expressed in urine exosomes. Among them, F2 was increased in diabetic urine exosomes and may be a potential biomarker for monitoring diabetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Na Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yizhao Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Tao Li
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Laboratory Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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16
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Zhou Y, Yuan R, Cone AS, Shifflett KW, Arias GF, Peng A, Chambers MG, McNamara RP, Willcox S, Landis JT, Pan Y, Griffith J, Dittmer DP. Large-scale heparin-based bind-and-elute chromatography identifies two biologically distinct populations of extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12327. [PMID: 37272197 PMCID: PMC10240191 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purifying extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been challenging because EVs are heterogeneous in cargo yet share similar sizes and densities. Most surface marker-based affinity separation methods are limited to research or diagnostic scales. We report that heparin chromatography can separate purified EVs into two distinct subpopulations as ascertained by MS/MS: a non-heparin-binding (NHB) fraction that contains classical EV markers such as tetraspanins and a heparin-binding (HB) fraction enriched in fibronectins and histones. Both fractions were similarly fusogenic but induced different transcriptional responses in endothelial cells. While EVs that were purified by conventional, non-affinity methods alone induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and Ki67, the NHB fraction did not. This result suggests heparin chromatography as an additional novel fractionation step that is inherently scalable, does not lead to loss of material, and separates inflammatory and pyrogenic EVs from unreactive EVs, which will improve clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Runjie Yuan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allaura S Cone
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyle W Shifflett
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriel F Arias
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alice Peng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Meredith G Chambers
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan P McNamara
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Smaranda Willcox
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin T Landis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yue Pan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jack Griffith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dirk P Dittmer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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17
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Zhong Y, Wang X, Zhao X, Shen J, Wu X, Gao P, Yang P, Chen J, An W. Multifunctional Milk-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles and Their Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051418. [PMID: 37242660 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been regarded as the next generation of novel delivery systems after lipid nanoparticles because of their advantages and huge prospects in drug delivery. Studies have shown that sEVs are abundant in milk and therefore can be a large and economical source of sEVs. Natural milk-derived small extracellular vesicles (msEVs) have important functions such as immune regulation, anti-bacterial infection, anti-oxidative, etc., and play a beneficial role in human health at multiple levels, including intestinal health, bone/muscle metabolism, and microbiota regulation. In addition, because they can pass the gastrointestinal barrier and have low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, and stability, msEVs are considered a crucial oral drug delivery vehicle. Moreover, msEVs can be further engineered for targeted delivery to prolong the circulation time or enhance local drug concentrations. However, msEVs separation and purification, complex contents, and quality control hinder their application in drug delivery. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the biogenesis and characteristics, isolation and purification, composition, loading methods, and function of msEVs, based on which their applications in biomedical fields are further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxiu Zhong
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Jiuheng Shen
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Peifen Gao
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Junge Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine & Shenzhen Institute of Beihang University, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenlin An
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
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18
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Davidson SM, Boulanger CM, Aikawa E, Badimon L, Barile L, Binder CJ, Brisson A, Buzas E, Emanueli C, Jansen F, Katsur M, Lacroix R, Lim SK, Mackman N, Mayr M, Menasché P, Nieuwland R, Sahoo S, Takov K, Thum T, Vader P, Wauben MHM, Witwer K, Sluijter JPG. Methods for the identification and characterization of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular studies: from exosomes to microvesicles. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:45-63. [PMID: 35325061 PMCID: PMC10233250 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles with a lipid bilayer that are released from cells of the cardiovascular system, and are considered important mediators of intercellular and extracellular communications. Two types of EVs of particular interest are exosomes and microvesicles, which have been identified in all tissue and body fluids and carry a variety of molecules including RNAs, proteins, and lipids. EVs have potential for use in the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases and as new therapeutic agents, particularly in the setting of myocardial infarction and heart failure. Despite their promise, technical challenges related to their small size make it challenging to accurately identify and characterize them, and to study EV-mediated processes. Here, we aim to provide the reader with an overview of the techniques and technologies available for the separation and characterization of EVs from different sources. Methods for determining the protein, RNA, and lipid content of EVs are discussed. The aim of this document is to provide guidance on critical methodological issues and highlight key points for consideration for the investigation of EVs in cardiovascular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Chantal M Boulanger
- Université Paris Cité, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Department of Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Science Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau-IIBSantPau, CiberCV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alain Brisson
- Molecular Imaging and NanoBioTechnology, UMR-5248-CBMN, CNRS-University of Bordeaux-IPB, Bat. B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Edit Buzas
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, HCEMM-SU and ELKH-SE Immune Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Felix Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miroslava Katsur
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM 1263, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Department of Haematology and Vascular Biology, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Philippe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center and Circulatory Health Laboratory, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaloyan Takov
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pieter Vader
- Université Paris Cité, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center and Circulatory Health Laboratory, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Chen M, Lin S, Zhou C, Cui D, Haick H, Tang N. From Conventional to Microfluidic: Progress in Extracellular Vesicle Separation and Individual Characterization. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202437. [PMID: 36541411 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane vesicles, which contain a wide variety of cargo such as proteins, miRNAs, and lipids. A growing body of evidence suggests that EVs are promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Although the excellent clinical value, their use in personalized healthcare practice is not yet feasible due to their highly heterogeneous nature. Taking the difficulty of isolation and the small size of EVs into account, the characterization of EVs at a single-particle level is both imperative and challenging. In a bid to address this critical point, more research has been directed into a microfluidic platform because of its inherent advantages in sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. This review discusses the biogenesis and heterogeneity of EVs and takes a broad view of state-of-the-art advances in microfluidics-based EV research, including not only EV separation, but also the single EV characterization of biophysical detection and biochemical analysis. To highlight the advantages of microfluidic techniques, conventional technologies are included for comparison. The current status of artificial intelligence (AI) for single EV characterization is then presented. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of microfluidics and its combination with AI applications in single EV characterization are also discussed. In the foreseeable future, recent breakthroughs in microfluidic platforms are expected to pave the way for single EV analysis and improve applications for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Chen
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shujing Lin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Ning Tang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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20
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Jang YO, Ahn HS, Dao TNT, Hong J, Shin W, Lim YM, Chung SJ, Lee JH, Liu H, Koo B, Kim MG, Kim K, Lee EJ, Shin Y. Magnetic transferrin nanoparticles (MTNs) assay as a novel isolation approach for exosomal biomarkers in neurological diseases. Biomater Res 2023; 27:12. [PMID: 36797805 PMCID: PMC9936675 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived exosomes released into the blood are considered a liquid biopsy to investigate the pathophysiological state, reflecting the aberrant heterogeneous pathways of pathological progression of the brain in neurological diseases. Brain-derived blood exosomes provide promising prospects for the diagnosis of neurological diseases, with exciting possibilities for the early and sensitive diagnosis of such diseases. However, the capability of traditional exosome isolation assays to specifically isolate blood exosomes and to characterize the brain-derived blood exosomal proteins by high-throughput proteomics for clinical specimens from patients with neurological diseases cannot be assured. We report a magnetic transferrin nanoparticles (MTNs) assay, which combined transferrin and magnetic nanoparticles to isolate brain-derived blood exosomes from clinical samples. METHODS The principle of the MTNs assay is a ligand-receptor interaction through transferrin on MTNs and transferrin receptor on exosomes, and electrostatic interaction via positively charged MTNs and negatively charged exosomes to isolate brain-derived blood exosomes. In addition, the MTNs assay is simple and rapid (< 35 min) and does not require any large instrument. We confirmed that the MTNs assay accurately and efficiently isolated exosomes from serum samples of humans with neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia, Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Moreover, we isolated exosomes from serum samples of 30 patients with three distinct neurodegenerative diseases and performed unbiased proteomic analysis to explore the pilot value of brain-derived blood protein profiles as biomarkers. RESULTS Using comparative statistical analysis, we found 21 candidate protein biomarkers that were significantly different among three groups of neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSION The MTNs assay is a convenient approach for the specific and affordable isolation of extracellular vesicles from body fluids for minimally-invasive diagnosis of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ok Jang
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Ahn
- grid.413967.e0000 0001 0842 2126Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy Nguyen Thi Dao
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - JeongYeon Hong
- grid.413967.e0000 0001 0842 2126Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea ,grid.267370.70000 0004 0533 4667Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Wangyong Shin
- grid.413967.e0000 0001 0842 2126Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Lim
- grid.413967.e0000 0001 0842 2126Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- grid.413967.e0000 0001 0842 2126Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Lee
- grid.413967.e0000 0001 0842 2126Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Huifang Liu
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Bonhan Koo
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Gyu Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Jae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Franco C, Ghirardello A, Bertazza L, Gasparotto M, Zanatta E, Iaccarino L, Valadi H, Doria A, Gatto M. Size-Exclusion Chromatography Combined with Ultrafiltration Efficiently Isolates Extracellular Vesicles from Human Blood Samples in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043663. [PMID: 36835073 PMCID: PMC9963337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There is still a need for an efficient method for the isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human blood that provides a reliable yield with acceptable purity. Blood is a source of circulating EVs, but soluble proteins and lipoproteins hamper their concentration, isolation, and detection. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of EV isolation and characterization methods not defined as "gold standard". EVs were isolated from human platelet-free plasma (PFP) of patients and healthy donors through size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) combined with ultrafiltration (UF). Then, EVs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), imaging flow cytometry (IFC), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). TEM images showed intact and roundish nanoparticles in pure samples. IFC analysis detected a prevalence of CD63+ EVs compared to CD9+, CD81+, and CD11c+ EVs. NTA confirmed the presence of small EVs with a concentration of ~1010 EVs/mL that were comparable when stratifying the subjects by baseline demographics; conversely, concentration differed according to the health status across healthy donors and patients affected with autoimmune diseases (130 subjects in total, with 65 healthy donors and 65 idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) patients). Altogether, our data show that a combined EV isolation method, i.e., SEC followed by UF, is a reliable approach to isolate intact EVs with a significant yield from complex fluids, which might characterize disease conditions early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Franco
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Ghirardello
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Loris Bertazza
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Gasparotto
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zanatta
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Iaccarino
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Doria
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0498212190
| | - Mariele Gatto
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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22
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De Sousa KP, Rossi I, Abdullahi M, Ramirez MI, Stratton D, Inal JM. Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles and future directions in diagnosis and therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1835. [PMID: 35898167 PMCID: PMC10078256 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a unique and heterogeneous class of lipid bilayer nanoparticles secreted by most cells. EVs are regarded as important mediators of intercellular communication in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells due to their ability to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to recipient cells. In addition to their physiological role, EVs are recognized as modulators in pathological processes such as cancer, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, providing new potential targets for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. For a complete understanding of EVs as a universal cellular biological system and its translational applications, optimal techniques for their isolation and characterization are required. Here, we review recent progress in those techniques, from isolation methods to characterization techniques. With interest in therapeutic applications of EVs growing, we address fundamental points of EV-related cell biology, such as cellular uptake mechanisms and their biodistribution in tissues as well as challenges to their application as drug carriers or biomarkers for less invasive diagnosis or as immunogens. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina P De Sousa
- Bioscience Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Izadora Rossi
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK.,Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mahamed Abdullahi
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Dan Stratton
- Open University, The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Jameel Malhador Inal
- Bioscience Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK.,School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
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23
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Liu D, Xiao WF, Li YS. The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Synovial Fluid Analysis in Joint Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:295-308. [PMID: 37450127 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is an emergent test method for the diagnosis and prognosis in the clinic. Joint fluid, also known as synovial fluid, contains a variety of bioactive constituents that can be selectively detected and further evaluated in a convenient fashion. Therefore, synovial fluid analysis functions as a specific form of liquid biopsy and plays a vital role in numerous joint diseases. In spite of the component analysis of aspirated synovial fluid beingconsidered as the gold standard for diagnosis of joint infections, biopsy of joint fluid benefits the initial diagnosis and long-term prognosis of degenerative, inflammatory, autoimmune, traumatic, congenital, and even neoplastic joint diseases. The convenience and accuracy for disease evaluation are significantly elevated as a result of the combination of synovial fluid analysis and other novel clinical technologies. In this review, we shed light on the latent role of synovial fluid in the diagnosis and prognosis of articular diseases and proposed future prospects for relevant research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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24
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Otahal A, De Luna A, Mobasheri A, Nehrer S. Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Characterization for Applications in Cartilage Tissue Engineering and Osteoarthritis Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2598:123-140. [PMID: 36355289 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2839-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have the capacity for use in cartilage tissue engineering by stimulating tissue repair and microenvironmental reprogramming. This makes them ideal candidates for treating focal cartilage defects and cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA). Observational studies have reported beneficial biological effects of EVs, such as inhibition of inflammation, enhanced extracellular matrix deposition, and reduced cartilage degradation. Isolation of EVs derived from different source materials such as conditioned cell culture media or biofluids is essential to attribute observed biological effects to EVs as genuine effectors. This chapter presents a density- and a size-based method as well as a combination of both for isolation of EVs from conditioned cell culture media or biofluids. In addition, three methods for characterization of isolated EVs are suggested based on physical properties, protein profiling, and ultrastructural morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Otahal
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University For Continuing Education, Krems, Austria
| | - Andrea De Luna
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University For Continuing Education, Krems, Austria
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Stefan Nehrer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University For Continuing Education, Krems, Austria.
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25
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Lou K, Feng S, Luo H, Zou J, Zhang G, Zou X. Extracellular vesicles derived from macrophages: Current applications and prospects in tumors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1097074. [PMID: 36588947 PMCID: PMC9797603 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1097074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφs) are significant innate immune cells that perform a variety of tasks in response to different pathogens or stimuli. They are widely engaged in the pathological processes of various diseases and can contribute to tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis by regulating the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells. They are also the basis of chemoresistance. In turn, the tumor microenvironment and the metabolism of cancer cells can limit the differentiation, polarization, mobilization and the ability of Mφs to initiate an effective anti-tumor response. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released by live cells that serve as crucial mediators of intercellular cell communication as well as a potential promising drug carrier. A growing number of studies have demonstrated that Mφs-EVs are not only important mediators in the pathological processes of various diseases such as inflammatory disorders, fibrosis and cancer, but also show significant potential in immunological modulation, cancer therapy, infectious defense and tissue repair. These natural nanoparticles (NPs) derived from Mφs are believed to be pleiotropic, stable, biocompatible and low immunogenic, providing novel alternatives for cancer treatment. This review provides an update on the pathological and therapeutic roles of Mφs-EVs in cancer, as well as their potential clinical applications and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Lou
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shangzhi Feng
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guoxi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Xiaofeng Zou,
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Komuro H, Aminova S, Lauro K, Harada M. Advances of engineered extracellular vesicles-based therapeutics strategy. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:655-681. [PMID: 36277506 PMCID: PMC9586594 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2133342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of lipid bilayer membrane-bound vesicles which encapsulate bioactive molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. They mediate intercellular communication through transporting internally packaged molecules, making them attractive therapeutics carriers. Over the last decades, a significant amount of research has implied the potential of EVs servings as drug delivery vehicles for nuclear acids, proteins, and small molecular drugs. However, several challenges remain unresolved before the clinical application of EV-based therapeutics, including lack of specificity, stability, biodistribution, storage, large-scale manufacturing, and the comprehensive analysis of EV composition. Technical development is essential to overcome these issues and enhance the pre-clinical therapeutic effects. In this review, we summarize the current advancements in EV engineering which demonstrate their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Komuro
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shakhlo Aminova
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Lauro
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Masako Harada
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Mustajab T, Kwamboka MS, Choi DA, Kang DW, Kim J, Han KR, Han Y, Lee S, Song D, Chwae YJ. Update on Extracellular Vesicle-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics to Combat COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911247. [PMID: 36232549 PMCID: PMC9569487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a deep impact on people worldwide since late 2019 when SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in Wuhan, China. In addition to its effect on public health, it has affected humans in various aspects of life, including social, economic, cultural, and political. It is also true that researchers have made vigorous efforts to overcome COVID-19 throughout the world, but they still have a long way to go. Accordingly, innumerable therapeutics and vaccine candidates have been studied for their efficacies and have been tried clinically in a very short span of time. For example, the versatility of extracellular vesicles, which are membrane-bound particles released from all types of cells, have recently been highlighted in terms of their effectiveness, biocompatibility, and safety in the fight against COVID-19. Thus, here, we tried to explain the use of extracellular vesicles as therapeutics and for the development of vaccines against COVID-19. Along with the mechanisms and a comprehensive background of their application in trapping the coronavirus or controlling the cytokine storm, we also discuss the obstacles to the clinical use of extracellular vesicles and how these could be resolved in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Mustajab
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Moriasi Sheba Kwamboka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Da Ae Choi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Dae Wook Kang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Junho Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Han
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Yujin Han
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sorim Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Dajung Song
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Yong-Joon Chwae
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-031-219-5073
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Circulating Exosome Cargoes Contain Functionally Diverse Cancer Biomarkers: From Biogenesis and Function to Purification and Potential Translational Utility. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143350. [PMID: 35884411 PMCID: PMC9318395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diagnostic and therapeutic treatments of cancer have tremendously improved over the past two decades, the indolent nature of its symptoms has made early detection challenging. Thus, inter-disciplinary (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic) research efforts have been focused on the non-invasive identification of unique "silver bullet" cancer biomarkers for the design of ultra-sensitive molecular diagnostic assays. Circulating tumor biomarkers, such as CTCs and ctDNAs, which are released by tumors in the circulation, have already demonstrated their clinical utility for the non-invasive detection of certain solid tumors. Considering that exosomes are actively produced by all cells, including tumor cells, and can be found in the circulation, they have been extensively assessed for their potential as a source of circulating cell-specific biomarkers. Exosomes are particularly appealing because they represent a stable and encapsulated reservoir of active biological compounds that may be useful for the non-invasive detection of cancer. T biogenesis of these extracellular vesicles is profoundly altered during carcinogenesis, but because they harbor unique or uniquely combined surface proteins, cancer biomarker studies have been focused on their purification from biofluids, for the analysis of their RNA, DNA, protein, and lipid cargoes. In this review, we evaluate the biogenesis of normal and cancer exosomes, provide extensive information on the state of the art, the current purification methods, and the technologies employed for genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic evaluation of their cargoes. Our thorough examination of the literature highlights the current limitations and promising future of exosomes as a liquid biopsy for the identification of circulating tumor biomarkers.
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Chen K, Li Y, Xu L, Qian Y, Liu N, Zhou C, Liu J, Zhou L, Xu Z, Jia R, Ge YZ. Comprehensive insight into endothelial progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a promising candidate for disease treatment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:238. [PMID: 35672766 PMCID: PMC9172199 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are a type of stem cell, have been found to have strong angiogenic and tissue repair capabilities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain many effective components, such as cellular proteins, microRNAs, messenger RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, and can be secreted by different cell types. The functions of EVs depend mainly on their parent cells. Many researchers have conducted functional studies of EPC-derived EVs (EPC-EVs) and showed that they exhibit therapeutic effects on many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, acute kidney injury, acute lung injury, and sepsis. In this review article, we comprehensively summarized the biogenesis and functions of EPCs and EVs and the potent role of EPC-EVs in the treatment of various diseases. Furthermore, the current problems and future prospects have been discussed, and further studies are needed to compare the therapeutic effects of EVs derived from various stem cells, which will contribute to the accelerated translation of these applications in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Luwei Xu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiguan Qian
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuhua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruipeng Jia
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Zheng Ge
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Barone A, d’Avanzo N, Cristiano MC, Paolino D, Fresta M. Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Tool for Personalized Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1252. [PMID: 35740274 PMCID: PMC9220135 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cancer is increasing dramatically, affecting all ages of the population and reaching an ever higher worldwide mortality rate. The lack of therapies' efficacy is due to several factors such as a delay in diagnosis, tumor regrowth after surgical resection and the occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR). Tumor-associated immune cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) deeply affect the tumor's progression, leading to several physicochemical changes compared to physiological conditions. In this scenario, macrophages play a crucial role, participating both in tumor suppression or progression based on the polarization of onco-suppressive M1 or pro-oncogenic M2 phenotypes. Moreover, much evidence supports the pivotal role of macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as mediators in TME, because of their ability to shuttle the cell-cell and organ-cell communications, by delivering nucleic acids and proteins. EVs are lipid-based nanosystems with a broad size range distribution, which reflect a similar composition of native parent cells, thus providing a natural selectivity towards target sites. In this review, we discuss the impact of macrophage-derived EVs in the cancer's fate as well as their potential implications for the development of personalized anticancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Barone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Nicola d’Avanzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini n.31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Gan J, Zeng X, Wang X, Wu Y, Lei P, Wang Z, Yang C, Hu Z. Effective Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Based on mRNAs From Urinary Exosomes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:736110. [PMID: 35402423 PMCID: PMC8983915 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.736110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel non-invasive biomarkers are urgently required to improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, the diagnostic value of following candidate genes (ERG, PCA3, ARV7, PSMA, CK19, and EpCAM) were estimated by testing mRNAs from urinary exosomes of patients with primary PCa. Methods Exosomes were obtained using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), out of which RNAs were extracted, then analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction according to manufacturer's protocol. Results The expression of urinary exosomal ERG, PCA3, PSMA, CK19, and EpCAM were significantly increased in patients with PCa compared with healthy males. In addition, the levels of urinary exosomal ERG, ARV7, and PSMA were intimately correlated with the Gleason score in PCa patients (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) showed that urinary exosomal ERG, PCA3, PSMA, CK19, and EpCAM were able to distinguish patients with PCa from healthy individuals with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.782, 0.783, 0.772, 0.731, and 0.739, respectively. Urinary exosomal PCA3 and PSMA distinguished PCa patients from healthy individuals with an AUC of 0.870. Combination of urinary exosomal PCA3, PSMA with serum PSA and PI-RADS achieved higher AUC compared with PSA alone (0.914 and 0.846, respectively). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that PCA3, ARV7, and EpCAM were associated in androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) failure time which is defined as from the initiation of ADT in hormone-sensitive stage to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Conclusion These findings suggested that mRNAs from urinary exosomes have the potential in serving as novel and non-invasive indicators for PCa diagnosis and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Gan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Wuhan YZY Medical Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Cheng L, Hill AF. Therapeutically harnessing extracellular vesicles. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:379-399. [PMID: 35236964 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of extracellular vesicle (EV) research has developed rapidly over the last decade from the study of fundamental biology to a subject of significant clinical relevance. The potential of harnessing EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases - including cancer and neurological and cardiovascular disorders - is now being recognized. Accordingly, the applications of EVs as therapeutic targets, biomarkers, novel drug delivery agents and standalone therapeutics are being actively explored. This Review provides a brief overview of the characteristics and physiological functions of the various classes of EV, focusing on their association with disease and emerging strategies for their therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Cheng
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia. .,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Wu X, Sun W. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Stem Cells in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:793363. [PMID: 35096823 PMCID: PMC8793284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.793363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the leading cause of low back pain related to degradation of cartilaginous tissues, mainly resulting from oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and extracellular matrix degradation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) exist in all bodily fluids and can be produced by all types of cells. Stem cell-derived EVs (SC-EVs), which are the main paracrine components of stem cells, have gained significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine. Over the past years, accumulating evidence indicates the therapeutic and diagnostic potentials of EVs in IVDD. The main mechanisms involve the induction of regenerative phenotypes, apoptosis alleviation, and immune modulation. In addition, the efficiency of SC-EVs can be enhanced by choosing appropriate donor cells and cell phenotypes, optimizing cell culture conditions, or engineering EVs to deliver drugs and targeting molecules. Given the importance and novelty of SC-EVs, we give an overview of SC-EVs and discuss the roles of SC-EVs in IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Wu
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Pan C, Huang W, Chen Q, Xu J, Yao G, Li B, Wu T, Yin C, Cheng X. LncRNA Malat-1 From MSCs-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Suppresses Inflammation and Cartilage Degradation in Osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:772002. [PMID: 34976968 PMCID: PMC8715093 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.772002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) derived from hMSCs, have the potential to alleviate cartilage damage and inflammation. We aimed to explore the effects of EVs derived from lncRNA malat‐1-overexpressing human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on chondrocytes. Material and Methods: hMSCs-derived Extracellular Vesicles (hMSCs-EVs) were identified by transmission electron microscopy and western blot. We used a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of CollagenaseⅡ-induced osteoarthritis (OA) as well as IL-1β-induced OA chondrocytes. Lentiviral vectors were used to overexpress lncRNA malat‐1 in hMSCs. Chondrocyte proliferation, inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and cell migration were measured by Edu staining, ELISA, western blot analysis, and transwell assay. Chondrocyte apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry, Hoechst 33342/PI Staining, and western blot. Safranine O-fast green (S-O) staining and HE staining were used to assess morphologic alterations of the rat knee joint. Results: hMSCsmalat−1-EVs decreased MMP-13, IL-6, and Caspase-3 expression in IL-1β-induced OA chondrocytes. Moreover, hMSCsmalat−1-EVs promoted chondrocyte proliferation and migration, suppressed apoptosis, and attenuated IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury. Our animal experiments suggested that hMSCsmalat−1-EVs were sufficient to prevent cartilage degeneration. Conclusion: Our findings show that lncRNA malat-1from hMSCs‐delivered EVs can promote chondrocyte proliferation, alleviate chondrocyte inflammation and cartilage degeneration, and enhance chondrocyte repair. Overall, hMSCsmalat−1-EVs might be a new potential therapeutic option for patients with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongzhi Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Orthopedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopedics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenzhou Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Orthopedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopedics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Orthopedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopedics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiu Xu
- Second Clinical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guoyu Yao
- Second Clinical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Orthopedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopedics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Second Clinical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianlong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Orthopedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopedics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Changchang Yin
- Jiujiang University, Key Laboratory of Medical Transformation of Jiujiang, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xigao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Orthopedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopedics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Second Clinical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Liu T, Wang Y, Zhao M, Jiang J, Li T, Zhang M. Differential expression of aerobic oxidative metabolism-related proteins in diabetic urinary exosomes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:992827. [PMID: 36187097 PMCID: PMC9515495 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.992827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a metabolic disease, any abnormality in the aerobic oxidation pathway of glucose may lead to the occurrence of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the changes in proteins related to aerobic oxidative metabolism in urinary exosomes of diabetic patients and normal controls of different ages, and to further verify their correlation with the pathogenesis of diabetes. METHODS Samples were collected, and proteomic information of urinary exosomes was collected by LC-MS/MS. ELISA was used to further detect the expression of aerobic and oxidative metabolism-related proteins in urinary exosomes of diabetic patients and normal controls of different ages, and to draw receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate its value in diabetes monitoring. RESULTS A total of 17 proteins involved in aerobic oxidative metabolism of glucose were identified in urinary exosome proteins. Compared with normal control, the expressions of PFKM, GAPDH, ACO2 and MDH2 in diabetic patients were decreased, and the expression of IDH3G was increased. The concentrations of PFKM, GAPDH and ACO2 in urinary exosomes were linearly correlated with the expression of MDH2 (P<0.05). These four proteins vary with age, with the maximum concentration in the 45-59 age group. PFKM, GAPDH, ACO2, and MDH2 in urinary exosomes have certain monitoring value. When used in combination, the AUC was 0.840 (95% CI 0.764-0.915). CONCLUSIONS In diabetic patients, aerobic oxidative metabolism is reduced, and the expression of aerobic oxidative metabolism-related proteins PFKM, GAPDH, ACO2, and MDH2 in urinary exosomes is reduced, which may become potential biomarkers for monitoring changes in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhao Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Man Zhang,
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Anderson JR, Jacobsen S, Walters M, Bundgaard L, Diendorfer A, Hackl M, Clarke EJ, James V, Peffers MJ. Small non-coding RNA landscape of extracellular vesicles from a post-traumatic model of equine osteoarthritis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:901269. [PMID: 36003409 PMCID: PMC9393553 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.901269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles comprise an as yet inadequately investigated intercellular communication pathway in the field of early osteoarthritis. We hypothesised that the small non-coding RNA expression pattern in synovial fluid and plasma would change during progression of experimental osteoarthritis. In this study, we conducted small RNA sequencing to provide a comprehensive overview of the temporal expression profiles of small non-coding transcripts carried by extracellular vesicles derived from plasma and synovial fluid for the first time in a posttraumatic model of equine osteoarthritis. Additionally, we characterised synovial fluid and plasma-derived extracellular vesicles with respect to quantity, size, and surface markers. The different temporal expressions of seven microRNAs in plasma and synovial fluid-derived extracellular vesicles, eca-miR-451, eca-miR-25, eca-miR-215, eca-miR-92a, eca-miR-let-7c, eca-miR-486-5p, and eca-miR-23a, and four snoRNAs, U3, snord15, snord46, and snord58, represent potential biomarkers for early osteoarthritis. Bioinformatics analysis of the differentially expressed microRNAs in synovial fluid highlighted that in early osteoarthritis these related to the inhibition of cell cycle, cell cycle progression, DNA damage and cell proliferation as well as increased cell viability and differentiation of stem cells. Plasma and synovial fluid-derived extracellular vesicle small non-coding signatures have been established for the first time in a temporal model of osteoarthritis. These could serve as novel biomarkers for evaluation of osteoarthritis progression or act as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Anderson
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stine Jacobsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Marie Walters
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Louise Bundgaard
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | | | | | - Emily J Clarke
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria James
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Improving Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles by Utilizing Nanomaterials. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:membranes12010055. [PMID: 35054584 PMCID: PMC8780510 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) as the new form of cellular communication have been demonstrated their potential use for disease diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. EVs are vesicles with a lipid bilayer and are present in various biofluids, such as blood, saliva and urine. Therefore, EVs have emerged as one of the most appealing sources for the discovery of clinical biomarkers. However, isolation of the target EVs from different biofluids is required for the use of EVs as diagnostic and therapeutic entities in clinical settings. Owing to their unique properties and versatile functionalities, nanomaterials have been widely investigated for EV isolation with the aim to provide rapid, simple, and efficient EV enrichment. Herein, this review presents the progress of nanomaterial-based isolations for EVs over the past five years (from 2017 to 2021) and discusses the use of nanomaterials for EV isolations based on the underlying mechanism in order to offer insights into the design of nanomaterials for EV isolations.
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Design and application of hydrophilic bimetallic metal-organic framework magnetic nanoparticles for rapid capture of exosomes. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1186:339099. [PMID: 34756265 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Functional materials with good biocompatibility have been widely used in the study of genomics, proteomics and disease diagnosis, which has improved the progress of life science. In this paper, the material not only exhibited a strong affinity to the phosphate groups on the exosomal membrane due to the coexistence of Zr-O clusters and Ti4+, but also owned great hydrophilicity to reduce non-specific adsorption of contaminated proteins, achieving the separation and purification of exosomes from complex biosamples. The model exosomes extracted by ultracentrifugation (UC) were used to evaluate the feasibility of Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2@PA-Ti4+ capturing exosomes. The process of Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2@PA-Ti4+ capturing exosomes was simple to operate with a high recovery rate (97.3%) within a short time (5 min). Then Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2@PA-Ti4+ was further applied to capture exosomes in media and urine followed by the downstream proteomics analysis. 348 and 284 exosomal proteins were identified for cell medium and urine, respectively. This work shows great potential of the material for subsequent function research of disease-related exosomes by separating exosomes rapidly and efficiently.
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39
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Kaddour H, Tranquille M, Okeoma CM. The Past, the Present, and the Future of the Size Exclusion Chromatography in Extracellular Vesicles Separation. Viruses 2021; 13:2272. [PMID: 34835078 PMCID: PMC8618570 DOI: 10.3390/v13112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous particles secreted by all cell types (including virus infected and uninfected cells) into the extracellular milieu. EVs carry, protect, and transport a wide array of bioactive cargoes to recipient/target cells. EVs regulate physiological and pathophysiological processes in recipient cells and are important in therapeutics/drug delivery. Despite these great attributes of EVs, an efficient protocol for EV separation from biofluids is lacking. Numerous techniques have been adapted for the separation of EVs with size exclusion chromatography (SEC)-based methods being the most promising. Here, we review the SEC protocols used for EV separation, and discuss opportunities for significant improvements, such as the development of novel particle purification liquid chromatography (PPLC) system capable of tandem purification and characterization of biological and synthetic particles with near-single vesicle resolution. Finally, we identify future perspectives and current issues to make PPLC a tool capable of providing a unified, automated, adaptable, yet simple and affordable particle separation resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Kaddour
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Malik Tranquille
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Chioma M. Okeoma
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
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40
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de Boer C, Davies NH. Blood derived extracellular vesicles as regenerative medicine therapeutics. Biochimie 2021; 196:203-215. [PMID: 34688790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The regenerative promise of nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cells is widely explored. Recently, the capacity of EVs purified from blood to elicit regenerative effect has begun to be evaluated. Blood might be a readily available source of EVs, avoiding need for extensive cell culturing, but there are specific issues that complicate use of the biofluid in this area. We assess the evidence for blood containing regenerative material, progress made towards delivering blood derived EVs as regenerative therapeutics, difficulties that relate to the complexity of blood and the promise of hydrogel-based delivery of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice de Boer
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Neil Hamer Davies
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.
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41
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Schneider E, Winzer R, Rissiek A, Ricklefs I, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Ricklefs FL, Bauche A, Behrends J, Reimer R, Brenna S, Wasielewski H, Lauten M, Rissiek B, Puig B, Cortesi F, Magnus T, Fliegert R, Müller CE, Gagliani N, Tolosa E. CD73-mediated adenosine production by CD8 T cell-derived extracellular vesicles constitutes an intrinsic mechanism of immune suppression. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5911. [PMID: 34625545 PMCID: PMC8501027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells at sites of inflammation are continuously activated by local antigens and cytokines, and regulatory mechanisms must be enacted to control inflammation. The stepwise hydrolysis of extracellular ATP by ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 generates adenosine, a potent immune suppressor. Here we report that human effector CD8 T cells contribute to adenosine production by releasing CD73-containing extracellular vesicles upon activation. These extracellular vesicles have AMPase activity, and the resulting adenosine mediates immune suppression independently of regulatory T cells. In addition, we show that extracellular vesicles isolated from the synovial fluid of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis contribute to T cell suppression in a CD73-dependent manner. Our results suggest that the generation of adenosine upon T cell activation is an intrinsic mechanism of human effector T cells that complements regulatory T cell-mediated suppression in the inflamed tissue. Finally, our data underscore the role of immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles in the control of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enja Schneider
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Riekje Winzer
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anne Rissiek
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Ricklefs
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology & Allergology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz L Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bauche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Behrends
- Core Facility Fluorescence Cytometry, Research Center Borstel, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Rudolph Reimer
- Technology Platform Microscopy and Image Analysis, Heinrich Pette Institute/Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Santra Brenna
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Wasielewski
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melchior Lauten
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Berta Puig
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Filippo Cortesi
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Fliegert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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42
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High-quality milk exosomes as oral drug delivery system. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121126. [PMID: 34544033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many drugs must be administered intravenously instead of oral administration due to their poor oral bioavailability. The cost of repeated infusion treatment for 6 weeks every year is as high as tens of billions of dollars worldwide. Exosomes are nano-sized (30-150 nm) extracellular vesicles secreted by mammalian cells due to environmental stimulation or self-activation. Milk contains abundant exosomes originated from multiple cellular sources. It has been proved that milk exosomes (MEs) could survive with the strongly acidic conditions in the stomach and degradative conditions in the gut. Furthermore, they can cross biological barriers to reach targeted tissues. The ability of MEs to cross the gastrointestinal barrier makes them as a promising drug delivery tool for oral delivery. This review is devoted to the purification of MEs, their biocompatibility and immunogenicity, and prospects for their use as natural drug carriers for oral administration.
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43
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Applications in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081959. [PMID: 34440728 PMCID: PMC8393426 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles, produced within multivesicular bodies, that are then released into the extracellular space through a merging of the multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. These vesicles are secreted by almost all cell types to aid in a vast array of cellular functions, including intercellular communication, cell differentiation and proliferation, angiogenesis, stress response, and immune signaling. This ability to contribute to several distinct processes is due to the complexity of exosomes, as they carry a multitude of signaling moieties, including proteins, lipids, cell surface receptors, enzymes, cytokines, transcription factors, and nucleic acids. The favorable biological properties of exosomes including biocompatibility, stability, low toxicity, and proficient exchange of molecular cargos make exosomes prime candidates for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Exploring the functions and molecular payloads of exosomes can facilitate tissue regeneration therapies and provide mechanistic insight into paracrine modulation of cellular activities. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of exosome biogenesis, composition, and isolation methods. We also discuss emerging healing properties of exosomes and exosomal cargos, such as microRNAs, in brain injuries, cardiovascular disease, and COVID-19 amongst others. Overall, this review highlights the burgeoning roles and potential applications of exosomes in regenerative medicine.
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44
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Peng C, Wang J, Bao Q, Wang J, Liu Z, Wen J, Zhang W, Shen Y. Isolation of extracellular vesicle with different precipitation-based methods exerts a tremendous impact on the biomarker analysis for clinical plasma samples. Cancer Biomark 2021; 29:373-385. [PMID: 32716349 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles(EVs) is an emerging approach of cancer liquid biopsy. Although the precipitation-based method with commercial kits has gained popularity as the second most commonly used technique, these protocols vary tremendously with many included reagents still unknown to the community. METHODS In this study, we assigned each of the 3 clinical plasma samples into 6 aliquots to assess five commercial EV isolation kits, in comparison with ultracentrifugation(UC). We implemented a standardized EV preparation and transcriptome analysis workflow except the EV isolation methods used. The metrics of EVs and its RNA cargo (evRNA) were compared to assess the technical variations versus the biological variations in the clinical setting. RESULTS Although the size range of the isolated EVs demonstrated a similar distribution, we found significant technical variability among these methods, in terms of EV amount, purity, subpopulations and RNA integrity. Such variabilities were further relayed to a drastic divergence of evRNA expression on a transcriptome-wide fashion. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated a highly variable result from polymeric precipitation-based EV isolation methods, making EVs based biomarker analysis difficult to interpret and reproduce. We highlighted the importance of benchmarking and transparent reporting of the precipitation-based protocols in the liquid biopsy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jizhuang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyuan Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuochao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxiang Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhui Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
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45
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles to the Rescue of Renal Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126596. [PMID: 34202940 PMCID: PMC8235408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are rising in global prevalence and cause significant morbidity for patients. Current treatments are limited to slowing instead of stabilising or reversing disease progression. In this review, we describe mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their constituents, extracellular vesicles (EVs) as being a novel therapeutic for CKD. MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles, including exosomes, which carry genetic information that mimics the phenotype of their cell of origin. MSC-EVs deliver their cargo of mRNA, miRNA, cytokines, and growth factors to target cells as a form of paracrine communication. This genetically reprograms pathophysiological pathways, which are upregulated in renal failure. Since the method of exosome preparation significantly affects the quality and function of MSC-exosomes, this review compares the methodologies for isolating exosomes from MSCs and their role in tissue regeneration. More specifically, it summarises the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs in 60 preclinical animal models of AKI and CKD and the cargo of biomolecules they deliver. MSC-EVs promote tubular proliferation and angiogenesis, and inhibit apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and fibrosis, to alleviate AKI and CKD. By reprogramming these pathophysiological pathways, MSC-EVs can slow or even reverse the progression of AKI to CKD, and therefore offer potential to transform clinical practice.
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46
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Extracellular Vesicles in Synovial Fluid from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Contain miRNAs with Capacity to Modulate Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094910. [PMID: 34066338 PMCID: PMC8125513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), extracellular vesicles (EVs) are associated with both the propagation and attenuation of joint inflammation and destruction. However, the specific EV content responsible for these processes is largely unknown. Investigations into identifying EV content are confounded by the challenges in obtaining high-quality EV preparations from synovial fluid. Implementing a size exclusion chromatography-based method of EV isolation, coupled with small RNA sequencing, we accurately characterised EV miRNAs in synovial fluid obtained from RA patients and investigated the differences between joints with high- and low-grade inflammation. Synovial fluid was obtained from the joints of 12 RA patients and, based on leukocyte counts, classified as either high (n = 7)- or low (n = 5)-grade inflammation. Using size exclusion chromatography, EVs were purified and small RNA was extracted and sequenced on a NextSeq 500. Sequencing reads were aligned to miRBase v21, and differences in miRNA profiles between RA patients with high- and low-grade joint inflammation were analysed. In total, 1972 distinct miRNAs were identified from RA synovial fluid EVs. miRNAs with less than five reads in fewer than five patients were filtered out, leaving 318 miRNAs for analysis. Analysis of the most abundant miRNAs suggested that they negatively regulate multiple genes relevant to inflammation, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which lies downstream of IL-6 and has a pro-inflammatory role in RA. Synovial fluid from joints with high-grade inflammation contained 3.5-fold more EV miRNA per mL of synovial fluid (p = 0.0017). Seventy-eight EV miRNAs were differentially expressed between RA joints with high- and low-grade inflammation, and pathway analysis revealed that their target genes were commonly involved a variety of processes, including cellular apoptosis, proliferation and migration. Of the 49 miRNAs that were elevated in joints with high-grade inflammation, pathway analysis revealed that genes involved in cytokine-mediated signalling pathways were significantly enriched targets. In contrast, genes associated with reactive oxygen species signalling were significantly enriched as targets of the 29 miRNAs elevated in joints with low-grade inflammation. Our study identified an abundance of EV miRNAs from the synovial fluid of RA patients with the potential to modulate inflammation. In doing so, we defined potential mechanisms by which synovial fluid EVs may contribute to RA pathophysiology.
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47
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Vaillancourt M, Hubert A, Subra C, Boucher J, Bazié WW, Vitry J, Berrazouane S, Routy JP, Trottier S, Tremblay C, Jenabian MA, Benmoussa A, Provost P, Tessier PA, Gilbert C. Velocity Gradient Separation Reveals a New Extracellular Vesicle Population Enriched in miR-155 and Mitochondrial DNA. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050526. [PMID: 33925397 PMCID: PMC8146806 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their contents (proteins, lipids, messenger RNA, microRNA, and DNA) are viewed as intercellular signals, cell-transforming agents, and shelters for viruses that allow both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. EVs circulating in the blood of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) may provide insights into pathogenesis, inflammation, and disease progression. However, distinguishing plasma membrane EVs from exosomes, exomeres, apoptotic bodies, virions, and contaminating proteins remains challenging. We aimed at comparing sucrose and iodixanol density and velocity gradients along with commercial kits as a means of separating EVs from HIV particles and contaminating protein like calprotectin; and thereby evaluating the suitability of current plasma EVs analysis techniques for identifying new biomarkers of HIV-1 immune activation. Multiple analysis have been performed on HIV-1 infected cell lines, plasma from HIV-1 patients, or plasma from HIV-negative individuals spiked with HIV-1. Commercial kits, the differential centrifugation and density or velocity gradients to precipitate and separate HIV, EVs, and proteins such as calprotectin, have been used. EVs, virions, and contaminating proteins were characterized using Western blot, ELISA, RT-PCR, hydrodynamic size measurement, and enzymatic assay. Conversely to iodixanol density or velocity gradient, protein and virions co-sedimented in the same fractions of the sucrose density gradient than AChE-positive EVs. Iodixanol velocity gradient provided the optimal separation of EVs from viruses and free proteins in culture supernatants and plasma samples from a person living with HIV (PLWH) or a control and revealed a new population of large EVs enriched in microRNA miR-155 and mitochondrial DNA. Although EVs and their contents provide helpful information about several key events in HIV-1 pathogenesis, their purification and extensive characterization by velocity gradient must be investigated thoroughly before further use as biomarkers. By revealing a new population of EVs enriched in miR-155 and mitochondrial DNA, this study paves a way to increase our understanding of HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Vaillancourt
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Audrey Hubert
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Caroline Subra
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Julien Boucher
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Wilfried Wenceslas Bazié
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Programme de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Muraz, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 390, Burkina Faso
| | - Julien Vitry
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Sofiane Berrazouane
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sylvie Trottier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Département des Sciences Biologiques et Centre de Recherche CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada;
| | - Abderrahim Benmoussa
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Department of Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine—Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Patrick Provost
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Philippe A. Tessier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(418)-525-4444 (ext. 46107)
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Fang X, Chen C, Liu B, Ma Z, Hu F, Li H, Gu H, Xu H. A magnetic bead-mediated selective adsorption strategy for extracellular vesicle separation and purification. Acta Biomater 2021; 124:336-347. [PMID: 33578055 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-encapsulated particles with critical biomedical functions, including mediating intercellular communication, assisting tumor metastasis, and carrying protein and microRNA biomarkers. The downstream applications of EVs are greatly influenced by the quality of the isolated EVs. However, almost none of the separation methods can simultaneously achieve both high yield and high purity of the isolated EVs, thus making the isolation of EVs an essential challenge in EV research. Here, we developed a magnetic bead-mediated selective adsorption strategy (MagExo) for easy-to-operate EV isolation. Benefited from the presence of an adsorption window between EVs and proteins under the effect of a hydrophilic polymer, EVs tend to adsorb on the surface of magnetic beads selectively and can be separated from biological fluids with high purity by simple magnetic separation. The proposed method was used for EV isolation from plasma and cell culture media (CCM), with two times higher yield and comparable purity of the harvested EVs to that obtained by ultracentrifugation (UC). Downstream applications in proteomics analysis showed 86.6% (plasma) and 86.5% (CCM) of the analyzed proteins were matched with the ExoCarta database, which indicates MagExo indeed enriches EVs efficiently. Furthermore, we found the target RNA amount of the isolated EVs by MagExo were almost dozens and hundred times higher than the gold standard DG-UC and ultracentrifugation (UC) methods, respectively. All the results show that MagExo is a reliable, easy, and efficient approach to harvest EVs for a wide variety of downstream applications with minimized sample usage. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are presently attracting increasing interest among clinical and scientific researchers. Although the downstream applications of EVs are recognized to be greatly affected by the quality of the isolated EVs, almost none of the separation methods can simultaneously achieve high yield and high purity of the isolated EVs; this makes the isolation of EVs an essential challenge in EV research. In the present work, we proposed a simple and easy-to-operate method (MagExo) for the separation and purification of EVs based on the phenomenon that EVs can be selectively adsorbed on the surface of magnetic microspheres in the presence of a hydrophilic polymer. The performance of MagExo was comparable to or even better than that of gold standard methods and commercial kits, with two times higher yield and comparable purity of the harvested EVs to that achieved with ultracentrifugation (UC); this could meet the requirements of various EV-associated downstream applications. In addition, MagExo can be easily automated by commercial liquid workstations, thus significantly improving the isolation throughput and paving a new way in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering /Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Cang Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering /Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering /Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhijie Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering /Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fenglin Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering /Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering /Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongchen Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering /Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering /Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China.
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Mustonen AM, Capra J, Rilla K, Lehenkari P, Oikari S, Kääriäinen T, Joukainen A, Kröger H, Paakkonen T, Matilainen J, Nieminen P. Characterization of hyaluronan-coated extracellular vesicles in synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:247. [PMID: 33676459 PMCID: PMC7937210 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the major extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan with a reduced synovial fluid (SF) concentration in arthropathies. Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) have also been proposed to contribute to pathogenesis in joint diseases. It has recently been shown that human SF contains HA-coated EV (HA-EV), but their concentration and function in joint pathologies remain unknown. METHODS The aim of the present study was to develop an applicable method based on confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and image analysis for the quantification of EV, HA-particles, and HA-EV in the SF of the human knee joint. Samples were collected during total knee replacement surgery from patients with end-stage rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 8) and osteoarthritis (OA, n = 8), or during diagnostic/therapeutic arthroscopy unrelated to OA/RA (control, n = 7). To characterize and quantify EV, HA-particles, and HA-EV, SF was double-stained with plasma membrane and HA probes and visualized by CLSM. Comparisons between the patient groups were performed with the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance. RESULTS The size distribution of EV and HA-particles was mostly similar in the study groups. Approximately 66% of EV fluorescence was co-localized with HA verifying that a significant proportion of EV carry HA. The study groups were clearly separated by the discriminant analysis based on the CLSM data. The intensities of EV and HA-particle fluorescences were lower in the RA than in the control and OA groups. CONCLUSIONS CLSM analysis offers a useful tool to assess HA-EV in SF samples. The altered EV and HA intensities in the RA SF could have possible implications for diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Mari Mustonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland. .,Faculty of Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Janne Capra
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Cell and Tissue Imaging Unit, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Faculty of Medicine, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Surgery and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, FI-90029, Oulu, OYS, Finland
| | - Sanna Oikari
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Kääriäinen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029, Kuopio, KYS, Finland
| | - Antti Joukainen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029, Kuopio, KYS, Finland
| | - Heikki Kröger
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029, Kuopio, KYS, Finland
| | - Tommi Paakkonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Matilainen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petteri Nieminen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Faculty of Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
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50
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Exosomes derived from miR-126-3p-overexpressing synovial fibroblasts suppress chondrocyte inflammation and cartilage degradation in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:37. [PMID: 33627637 PMCID: PMC7904758 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated within exosomes can serve as essential regulators of intercellular communication and represent promising biomarkers of several aging-associated disorders. However, the relationship between exosomal miRNAs and osteoarthritis (OA)-related chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts (SFCs) remain to be clarified. Herein, we profiled synovial fluid-derived exosomal miRNAs and explored the effects of exosomal miRNAs derived from SFCs on chondrocyte inflammation, proliferation, and survival, and further assessed their impact on cartilage degeneration in a surgically-induced rat OA model. We identified 19 miRNAs within synovial fluid-derived exosomes that were differentially expressed when comparing OA and control patients. We then employed a microarray-based approach to confirm that exosomal miRNA-126-3p expression was significantly reduced in OA patient-derived synovial fluid exosomes. At a functional level, miRNA-126-3p mimic treatment was sufficient to promote rat chondrocyte migration and proliferation while also suppressing apoptosis and IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression. SFC-miRNA-126-3p-Exos were able to suppress apoptotic cell death and associated inflammation in chondrocytes. Our in vivo results revealed that rat SFC-derived exosomal miRNA-126-3p was sufficient to suppress the formation of osteophytes, prevent cartilage degeneration, and exert anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects on articular cartilage. Overall, our findings indicate that SFC exosome‐delivered miRNA-126-3p can constrain chondrocyte inflammation and cartilage degeneration. As such, SFC-miRNA-126-3p-Exos may be of therapeutic value for the treatment of patients suffering from OA.
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