1
|
Musa E, Salazar-Petres E, Vatish M, Levitt N, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Matjila MJ. Kisspeptin signalling and its correlation with placental ultrastructure and clinical outcomes in pregnant South African women with obesity and gestational diabetes. Placenta 2024; 154:49-59. [PMID: 38878622 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major pregnancy metabolic disorder and is strongly linked with obesity. Kisspeptin is a hormone that increases several thousand-fold in the maternal circulation during human pregnancy, with placenta as its main source. Studies have suggested that kisspeptin regulates trophoblast invasion and promotes pancreatic insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity. METHODS In a well-characterized cohort of pregnant South African women and molecular and histological techniques, this study explored the impact and interaction of maternal obesity and GDM on kisspeptin (KISS1) signalling in relation to placental morphology and maternal and neonatal parameters. RESULTS We found that GDM had no effect on placental KISS1 and KISS1R (KISS1 receptor) mRNA and/or protein expression. However, obesity reduced placental KISS1R mRNA expression even though overall KISS1 protein abundance or localization was not different from the non-obese group. Maternal and cord circulating KISS1 concentrations did not vary with obesity or GDM, but maternal circulating KISS1 was positively correlated with placenta weight in non-GDM obese women, and negatively correlated with placental intervillous space volume in non-GDM non-obese women. Cord serum KISS1 was positively correlated with infant weight in GDM obese women, but negatively correlated with maternal BMI in the non-obese GDM group. Placental syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles exhibited detectable KISS1 and its abundance was ∼50 % lower in those from obese GDM compared to non-GDM women. DISCUSSION This study shows maternal obesity and GDM can modulate placental kisspeptin signalling and placental morphological development with potential pathophysiological implications for clinically-relevant pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Musa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Esteban Salazar-Petres
- Carrera de Obstetricia, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Naomi Levitt
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Mushi J Matjila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Franko R, de Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz M. Exploring the potential of in vitro extracellular vesicle generation in reproductive biology. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e70007. [PMID: 39238549 PMCID: PMC11375532 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.70007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The interest in the growing field of extracellular vesicle (EV) research highlights their significance in intercellular signalling and the selective transfer of biological information between donor and recipient cells. EV studies have provided valuable insights into intercellular communication mechanisms, signal identification and their involvement in disease states, offering potential avenues for manipulating pathological conditions, detecting biomarkers and developing drug-delivery systems. While our understanding of EV functions in reproductive tissues has significantly progressed, exploring their potential as biomarkers for infertility, therapeutic interventions and enhancements in assisted reproductive technologies remains to be investigated. This knowledge gap stems partly from the difficulties associated with large-scale EV production relevant to clinical applications. Most existing studies on EV production rely on conventional 2D cell culture systems, characterized by suboptimal EV yields and a failure to replicate in vivo conditions. This results in the generation of EVs that differ from their in vivo counterparts. Hence, this review firstly delves into the importance of EVs in reproduction to then expand on current techniques for in vitro EV production, specifically examining diverse methods of culture and the potential of bioengineering technologies to establish innovative systems for enhanced EV production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roksan Franko
- Clinic of Ruminants, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Oberschleißheim Germany
- Gene Center Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Marcia de Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz
- Clinic of Ruminants, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Oberschleißheim Germany
- Gene Center Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Munich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Motlagh RA, Pipella J, Thompson PJ. Exploring senescence as a modifier of β cell extracellular vesicles in type 1 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1422279. [PMID: 39239092 PMCID: PMC11374605 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1422279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic metabolic disease resulting from insulin deficiency due to autoimmune loss of pancreatic β cells. In addition to β cell destruction, it is now accepted that β cell stress and dysfunction, such as senescence, plays a crucial role in the development of the disease. Accumulation of senescent β cells occurs during development of T1D in humans and contributes to the progression of T1D in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Senescent β cells are thought to exacerbate the inflammatory response within the islets by production and secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from β cells have been shown to carry protein and microRNAs (miRNAs), influencing cellular signaling and may contribute to the development of T1D but it remains to be addressed how senescence impacts β cell EV cargo. In this minireview, we discuss emerging evidence that EV cargo proteins and miRNAs associated with senescence could contribute to the development of T1D and could suggest potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the regulation of SASP and elimination of senescent β cells in T1D. Future investigation exploring the intricate relationship between β cell senescence, EVs and miRNAs could pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic techniques and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Akbari Motlagh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jasmine Pipella
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peter J Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rosenfeld CS. Placenta Extracellular Vesicles: Messengers Connecting Maternal and Fetal Systems. Biomolecules 2024; 14:995. [PMID: 39199382 PMCID: PMC11352387 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The placenta operates during gestation as the primary communication organ between the mother and fetus. It is essential for gas, nutrient exchange, and fetal waste transfer. The placenta also produces a wide range of hormones and other factors that influence maternal physiology, including survival and activity of the corpus luteum of the ovary, but the means whereby the placenta shapes fetal development remain less clear, although the fetal brain is thought to be dependent upon the placenta for factors that play roles in its early differentiation and growth, giving rise to the term "placenta-brain axis". Placental hormones transit via the maternal and fetal vasculature, but smaller placental molecules require protection from fetal and maternal metabolism. Such biomolecules include small RNA, mRNA, peptides, lipids, and catecholamines that include serotonin and dopamine. These compounds presumably shuttle to maternal and fetal systems via protective extracellular vesicles (EVs). Placental EVs (pEVs) and their components, in particular miRNA (miRs), are known to play important roles in regulating maternal systems, such as immune, cardiovascular, and reproductive functions. A scant amount is known about how pEVs affect fetal cells and tissues. The composition of pEVs can be influenced by gestational diseases. This review will provide critical insight into the roles of pEVs as the intermediary link between maternal and fetal systems, the impact of maternal pathologies on pEV cargo contents, and how an understanding of biomolecular changes within pEVs in health and disease might be utilized to design early diagnostic and mitigation strategies to prevent gestational diseases and later offspring disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Afzal A, Khan M, Gul Z, Asif R, Shahzaman S, Parveen A, Imran M, Khawar MB. Extracellular Vesicles: the Next Frontier in Pregnancy Research. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1204-1214. [PMID: 38151656 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vehicles (EVs) have been involved in several aspects of pregnancy, including endometrial receptivity, embryo implantation, and embryo-maternal communication showing them associated with pregnancy disorders, such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and preterm birth. Further research is warranted to fully comprehend the exact pathophysiological roles of EVs and to develop new therapies targeting EVs thereby improving pregnancy outcomes. Herein, we review the recent knowledge on the multifaceted roles of EVs during pregnancy and address the majority of the molecular interactions between EVs, maternal, and fetal cells with an emphasis on disorders of pregnancy under the influence of EVs. Moreover, we also discuss its applications in clinical trials followed by prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Afzal
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Madeeha Khan
- College of Allied Health Sciences, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zaman Gul
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rameen Asif
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sara Shahzaman
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asia Parveen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Applied Molecular Biology & Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nair S, Razo-Azamar M, Jayabalan N, Dalgaard LT, Palacios-González B, Sørensen A, Kampmann U, Handberg A, Carrion F, Salomon C. Advances in extracellular vesicles as mediators of cell-to-cell communication in pregnancy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:86-98. [PMID: 38233286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication mediated by Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) is a novel and emerging area of research, especially during pregnancy, in which placenta derived EVs can facilitate the feto-maternal communication. EVs comprise a heterogeneous group of vesicle sub-populations with diverse physical and biochemical characteristics and originate by specific biogenesis mechanisms. EVs transfer molecular cargo (including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) between cells and are critical mediators of cell communication. There is growing interest among researchers to explore into the molecular cargo of EVs and their functions in a physiological and pathological context. For example, inflammatory mediators such as cytokines are shown to be released in EVs and EVs derived from immune cells play key roles in mediating the immune response as well as immunoregulatory pathways. Pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth are associated with altered levels of circulating EVs, with differential EV cargo and bioactivity in target cells. This implicates the intriguing roles of EVs in reprogramming the maternal physiology during pregnancy. Moreover, the capacity of EVs to carry bioactive molecules makes them a promising tool for biomarker development and targeted therapies in pregnancy complications. This review summarizes the physiological and pathological roles played by EVs in pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders and describes the potential of EVs to be translated into clinical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Melissa Razo-Azamar
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN) en el Centro de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento (CIE-CINVESTAV Sede Sur), CDMX, 14330, Mexico
| | - Nanthini Jayabalan
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | | | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN) en el Centro de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento (CIE-CINVESTAV Sede Sur), CDMX, 14330, Mexico
| | - Anne Sørensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Flavio Carrion
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Niebrzydowska-Tatus M, Pełech A, Bień K, Mekler J, Santiago M, Kimber-Trojnar Ż, Trojnar M. Association of DPP-4 Concentrations with the Occurrence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1829. [PMID: 38339106 PMCID: PMC10855185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is considered one of the most common diseases that occur during pregnancy. In addition to increasing the risk of numerous complications throughout gestation, it is also believed to have a long-term potential to impact the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease for the mother and her offspring. While there are clear guidelines for healthy weight gain in pregnancy depending on pre-pregnancy BMI, as well as dietary and training recommendations to achieve this, an increasing number of women are experiencing excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG). Such patients have a higher risk of developing GDM and gestational hypertension, as well as requiring caesarian delivery. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a glycoprotein that seems to play an important role in glucose metabolism, and inhibition of its activity positively affects glucose regulation. The aim of our study was to compare DPP-4 concentrations in patients with GDM and EGWG with healthy women. DPP-4 levels were assessed in serum and urine samples collected on the day of delivery. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method was also used to analyze the body composition of patients on the second day of the postpartum period. DPP-4 serum concentrations were significantly higher in patients in the GDM and EGWG groups compared to healthy women. Urinary DPP-4 concentrations were significantly higher in the control and GDM groups than in the EGWG group. Serum DPP-4 levels were positively correlated with BMI measured before pregnancy, on the delivery day, and in the early postpartum period, among other factors. According to our knowledge, this is the first study to determine DPP-4 levels in EGWG patients. DPP-4 may be related to the occurrence of GDM and EGWG; however, this requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Niebrzydowska-Tatus
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.N.-T.); (A.P.)
| | - Aleksandra Pełech
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.N.-T.); (A.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Bień
- Student’s Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Julia Mekler
- Student’s Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Miracle Santiago
- Student’s Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.N.-T.); (A.P.)
| | - Marcin Trojnar
- Chair and Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu HY, Ding X, Hirst JE, Yang Y, Yang J, Mackillop L, Clifton DA. Digital Health and Machine Learning Technologies for Blood Glucose Monitoring and Management of Gestational Diabetes. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 17:98-117. [PMID: 37022834 PMCID: PMC7615520 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2023.3242261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Innovations in digital health and machine learning are changing the path of clinical health and care. People from different geographical locations and cultural backgrounds can benefit from the mobility of wearable devices and smartphones to monitor their health ubiquitously. This paper focuses on reviewing the digital health and machine learning technologies used in gestational diabetes - a subtype of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. This paper reviews sensor technologies used in blood glucose monitoring devices, digital health innovations and machine learning models for gestational diabetes monitoring and management, in clinical and commercial settings, and discusses future directions. Despite one in six mothers having gestational diabetes, digital health applications were underdeveloped, especially the techniques that can be deployed in clinical practice. There is an urgent need to (1) develop clinically interpretable machine learning methods for patients with gestational diabetes, assisting health professionals with treatment, monitoring, and risk stratification before, during and after their pregnancies; (2) adapt and develop clinically-proven devices for patient self-management of health and well-being at home settings ("virtual ward" and virtual consultation), thereby improving clinical outcomes by facilitating timely intervention; and (3) ensure innovations are affordable and sustainable for all women with different socioeconomic backgrounds and clinical resources.
Collapse
|
9
|
Farrelly R, Kennedy MG, Spencer R, Forbes K. Extracellular vesicles as markers and mediators of pregnancy complications: gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and fetal growth restriction. J Physiol 2023; 601:4973-4988. [PMID: 37070801 DOI: 10.1113/jp282849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In high income countries, approximately 10% of pregnancies are complicated by pre-eclampsia (PE), preterm birth (PTB), fetal growth restriction (FGR) and/or macrosomia resulting from gestational diabetes (GDM). Despite the burden of disease this places on pregnant people and their newborns, there are still few, if any, effective ways of preventing or treating these conditions. There are also gaps in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiologies and our ability to predict which mothers will be affected. The placenta plays a crucial role in pregnancy, and alterations in placental structure and function have been implicated in all of these conditions. As extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important molecules in cell-to-cell communication in health and disease, recent research involving maternal- and placental-derived EV has demonstrated their potential as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers of obstetric disorders. This review will consider how placental and maternal EVs have been investigated in pregnancies complicated by PE, PTB, FGR and GDM and aims to highlight areas where further research is required to enhance the management and eventual treatment of these pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Farrelly
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Spencer
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Karen Forbes
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Meng Q, Chen C, Yang N, Gololobova O, Shi C, Dunn CA, Rossi M, Martindale JL, Basisty N, Ding J, Delannoy M, Basu S, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Shin CH, Yang JH, Johnson PF, Witwer KW, Biragyn A, Sen P, Abdelmohsen K, De S, Gorospe M. Surfaceome analysis of extracellular vesicles from senescent cells uncovers uptake repressor DPP4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219801120. [PMID: 37862381 PMCID: PMC10614838 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219801120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells are beneficial for repairing acute tissue damage, but they are harmful when they accumulate in tissues, as occurs with advancing age. Senescence-associated extracellular vesicles (S-EVs) can mediate cell-to-cell communication and export intracellular content to the microenvironment of aging tissues. Here, we studied the uptake of EVs from senescent cells (S-EVs) and proliferating cells (P-EVs) and found that P-EVs were readily taken up by proliferating cells (fibroblasts and cervical cancer cells) while S-EVs were not. We thus investigated the surface proteome (surfaceome) of P-EVs relative to S-EVs derived from cells that had reached senescence via replicative exhaustion, exposure to ionizing radiation, or treatment with etoposide. We found that relative to P-EVs, S-EVs from all senescence models were enriched in proteins DPP4, ANXA1, ANXA6, S10AB, AT1A1, and EPHB2. Among them, DPP4 was found to selectively prevent uptake by proliferating cells, as ectopic overexpression of DPP4 in HeLa cells rendered DPP4-expressing EVs that were no longer taken up by other proliferating cells. We propose that DPP4 on the surface of S-EVs makes these EVs refractory to internalization by proliferating cells, advancing our knowledge of the impact of senescent cells in aging-associated processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Meng
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Chen Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Na Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Olesia Gololobova
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Changyou Shi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Christopher A. Dunn
- Flow Cytometry Unit, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Martina Rossi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Jennifer L. Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Nathan Basisty
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Jun Ding
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Michael Delannoy
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging Facility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Srikanta Basu
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Chang Hoon Shin
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Jen-Hao Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Peter F. Johnson
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Arya Biragyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Payel Sen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tekkatte C, Lindsay SA, Duggan E, Castro-Martínez A, Hakim A, Saldana I, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Sebastian R, Liu Y, Pontigon DS, Meads M, Liu TN, Pizzo DP, Nolan J, Parast MM, Laurent LC. Identification of optimal conditions for human placental explant culture and extracellular vesicle release. iScience 2023; 26:108046. [PMID: 37829201 PMCID: PMC10565782 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate intercellular communication, including signaling between the placenta and maternal tissues. Human placental explant culture is a versatile in vitro model system to investigate placental function. We performed systematic studies in different tissue culture media types and oxygen tensions to identify a defined serum-free culture condition that supports high trophoblast viability and metabolism, as well as the release of similar populations of EVs, compared to traditional undefined conditions that contain media additives potentially contaminated with exogenous EVs. We also determined the time frame in which trophoblast viability and functionality remain optimal. Multiplex vesicle flow cytometry with classical EV and placenta-specific markers revealed three separate populations of explant-derived EVs: small CD63+ EVs; large PLAP+ EVs; and CD63-/PLAP- EVs. These culture and analytical approaches will enable in vitro modeling of short-term effects of environmental perturbations associated with pregnancy complications on placental function and EV release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Tekkatte
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Scott A. Lindsay
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erika Duggan
- Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
- Cellarcus Biosciences Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anelizze Castro-Martínez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Abbas Hakim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Isabella Saldana
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Rachel Sebastian
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yukun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SUN Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, SUN Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Devin S. Pontigon
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Morgan Meads
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tzu Ning Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Donald P. Pizzo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John Nolan
- Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
- Cellarcus Biosciences Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mana M. Parast
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Louise C. Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Muller DRP, Stenvers DJ, Malekzadeh A, Holleman F, Painter RC, Siegelaar SE. Effects of GLP-1 agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors during pregnancy and lactation on offspring outcomes: a systematic review of the evidence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1215356. [PMID: 37881498 PMCID: PMC10597691 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1215356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/hypothesis Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are novel drugs which have recently seen rapid uptake in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. The paucity of data regarding their safety during pregnancy and lactation causes a dilemma for the physician. The aim of the present study was to systematically review all available data on the offspring effects of GLP-1 agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors during pregnancy and lactation. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, FDA and EMA product information on GLP-1 agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors in pregnancy and lactation from inception up to 19 April 2022 without language restrictions. We approached both the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb on January 17th 2023 and the Teratology Information Service (TIS) of Switzerland on February 6th 2023. Eligible studies investigating the safety (including congenital anomalies, fetal growth, perinatal demise) in animals or humans, or reporting the degree of transfer of these drugs to the fetus, breast milk or breastfed neonate. Two reviewers independently assessed and selected studies for inclusion and subsequently resolved discrepancies by discussion. Results We included 39 records (n=9 theoretical; based on drug properties, n=7 human; n=23 animal, including 76 human offspring, and an unknown number of animal offspring as these numbers could not be retrieved from the FDA and EMA product information). In animal studies, GLP1-agonists were associated with reduced fetal weight and/or growth, delayed ossification and skeletal variants, usually associated with a reduction in maternal weight gain and decreased food consumption. Exendin-4 (GLP1-agonist) was not transported across the maternal-fetal placental interface. In human studies, exenatide (GLP1-agonist) showed a fetal-to-maternal peptide concentration ratio of ≤ 0.017 in ex vivo human placental perfusion in a single placenta. Liraglutide (GLP1-agonist) showed no significant maternal to fetal transfer at least 3.5 hours after maternal exposure in a human study with one subject. In animal studies, GLP-1 agonists were excreted in breast milk; human data on excretion were not available. In animal studies, SGLT2 inhibitors were generally safe during the first trimester but exposure during postnatal day 21 to 90 in juvenile rats, a period coinciding with the late second and third trimester of human renal development, caused dilatation of the renal pelvis and tubules. Human data consisted of a pharmaceutical database of inadvertent pregnancies during SGLT2 inhibitor use, which found an increase in miscarriages and congenital malformations. In animal studies SGLT2 inhibitors were excreted in breast milk and affected neonatal growth, but human data are not available. Conclusion/interpretation We found evidence for adverse offspring effects of GLP-1 agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors also in human studies. Our findings broadly support the advice to discontinue GLP-1 agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors during pregnancy and lactation, and also support the ongoing registration of pregnancy outcomes in pharmacological databases since the amount of available data is scarce and mostly limited to animal studies. Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=219877.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dion R. P. Muller
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Stenvers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arjan Malekzadeh
- Medical Library, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frederik Holleman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rebecca C. Painter
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah E. Siegelaar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang J, Wu J, Wang G, He L, Zheng Z, Wu M, Zhang Y. Extracellular Vesicles: Techniques and Biomedical Applications Related to Single Vesicle Analysis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17668-17698. [PMID: 37695614 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are extensively dispersed lipid bilayer membrane vesicles involved in the delivery and transportation of molecular payloads to certain cell types to facilitate intercellular interactions. Their significant roles in physiological and pathological processes make EVs outstanding biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring as well as ideal candidates for drug delivery. Nevertheless, differences in the biogenesis processes among EV subpopulations have led to a diversity of biophysical characteristics and molecular cargos. Additionally, the prevalent heterogeneity of EVs has been found to substantially hamper the sensitivity and accuracy of disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring, thus impeding the advancement of clinical applications. In recent years, the evolution of single EV (SEV) analysis has enabled an in-depth comprehension of the physical properties, molecular composition, and biological roles of EVs at the individual vesicle level. This review examines the sample acquisition tactics prior to SEV analysis, i.e., EV isolation techniques, and outlines the current state-of-the-art label-free and label-based technologies for SEV identification. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of biomedical applications based on SEV analysis are systematically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guanzhao Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Luxuan He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Paul N, Sultana Z, Fisher JJ, Maiti K, Smith R. Extracellular vesicles- crucial players in human pregnancy. Placenta 2023; 140:30-38. [PMID: 37531747 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer enclosed membrane vesicles released by cells in physiological and pathological states. EVs are generated and released through a variety of pathways and mediate cellular communication by carrying and transferring signals to recipient cells. EVs are specifically loaded with proteins, nucleic acids (RNAs and DNA), enzymes and lipids, and carry a range of surface proteins and adhesion molecules. EVs contribute to intercellular signalling, development, metabolism, tissue homeostasis, antigen presentation, gene expression and immune regulation. EVs have been categorised into three different subgroups based on their size: exosomes (30-150 nm), microvesicles (100-1000 nm) and apoptotic bodies (1-5 μm). The status of the cells of origin of EVs influences their biology, heterogeneity and functions. EVs, especially exosomes, have been studied for their potential roles in feto-maternal communication and impacts on normal pregnancy and pregnancy disorders. This review presents an overview of EVs, emphasising exosomes and microvesicles in a general context, and then focusing on the roles of EVs in human pregnancy and their potential as diagnostics for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Paul
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.
| | - Zakia Sultana
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.
| | - Joshua J Fisher
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.
| | | | - Roger Smith
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nair S, Ormazabal V, Carrion F, Handberg A, McIntyre H, Salomon C. Extracellular vesicle-mediated targeting strategies for long-term health benefits in gestational diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1311-1332. [PMID: 37650554 PMCID: PMC10472199 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators of cell communication, playing important roles in regulating molecular cross-talk between different metabolic tissues and influencing insulin sensitivity in both healthy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancies. The ability of EVs to transfer molecular cargo between cells imbues them with potential as therapeutic agents. During pregnancy, the placenta assumes a vital role in metabolic regulation, with multiple mechanisms of placenta-mediated EV cross-talk serving as central components in GDM pathophysiology. This review focuses on the role of the placenta in the pathophysiology of GDM and explores the possibilities and prospects of targeting the placenta to address insulin resistance and placental dysfunction in GDM. Additionally, we propose the use of EVs as a novel method for targeted therapeutics in treating the dysfunctional placenta. The primary aim of this review is to comprehend the current status of EV targeting approaches and assess the potential application of these strategies in placental therapeutics, thereby delivering molecular cargo and improving maternal and fetal outcomes in GDM. We propose that EVs have the potential to revolutionize GDM management, offering hope for enhanced maternal-fetal health outcomes and more effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicle in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Valeska Ormazabal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Flavio Carrion
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - H David McIntyre
- Mater Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicle in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nguyen CM, Sallam M, Islam MS, Clack K, Soda N, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Placental Exosomes as Biomarkers for Maternal Diseases: Current Advances in Isolation, Characterization, and Detection. ACS Sens 2023. [PMID: 37449399 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Serving as the interface between fetal and maternal circulation, the placenta plays a critical role in fetal growth and development. Placental exosomes are small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles released by the placenta during pregnancy. They contain a variety of biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which can potentially be biomarkers of maternal diseases. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the utility of placental exosomes for the diagnosis and monitoring of pathological conditions such as pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes. This suggests that placental exosomes may serve as new biomarkers in liquid biopsy analysis. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the biological function of placental exosomes and their potential as biomarkers of maternal diseases. Additionally, this review highlights current barriers and the way forward for standardization and validation of known techniques for exosome isolation, characterization, and detection. Finally, microfluidic devices for exosome research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Minh Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mohamed Sallam
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Md Sajedul Islam
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Kimberley Clack
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Narshone Soda
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Z, Tao M, Huang M, Pan W, Huang Q, Wang P, Zhang Y, Situ B, Zheng L. Quantification of placental extracellular vesicles in different pregnancy status via single particle analysis method. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 539:266-273. [PMID: 36587781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nano-sized, lipid bilayer-delimited placental extracellular vesicles (PEVs) released by the placenta are now regarded as important mediators involved in various physiological and pathological processes of pregnant women. The number and contents of PEVs are significantly altered in preeclampsia and are considered as potential biomarkers. However, the distribution pattern of PEVs in the maternal circulation in different pregnancy status is still unclear for the limitation of the traditional method with low sensitivity. METHODS In this work, we recruited 561 pregnant women with different pregnancy status and investigated the distribution pattern of PEVs in the maternal circulation based on a single extracellular vesicle analysis method and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), a placenta-specific marker. RESULTS The concentration of PEVs in pregnant women increased with the progression of gestational age, while the ratio of PEVs decreased to about 10% in the third trimester. Surprisingly, the PLAP+ EVs also presented in the plasma of non-pregnant women and normal male about 5%. The change in the ratio of PEVs can reflect the pregnancy status and also had a better diagnostic value in severe preeclampsia (AUC = 0.7811). CONCLUSIONS Our study not only reveals the distribution pattern of PEVs, but also identifies the diagnostic potential of PEVs as biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixiong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Maliang Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Weilun Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiuyu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Bo Situ
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Preeclampsia and syncytiotrophoblast membrane extracellular vesicles (STB-EVs). Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1793-1807. [PMID: 36511102 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive complication of pregnancy that affects 2-8% of women worldwide and is one of the leading causes of maternal deaths and premature birth. PE can occur early in pregnancy (<34 weeks gestation) or late in pregnancy (>34 weeks gestation). Whilst the placenta is clearly implicated in early onset PE (EOPE), late onset PE (LOPE) is less clear with some believing the disease is entirely maternal whilst others believe that there is an interplay between maternal systems and the placenta. In both types of PE, the syncytiotrophoblast (STB), the layer of the placenta in direct contact with maternal blood, is stressed. In EOPE, the STB is oxidatively stressed in early pregnancy (leading to PE later in gestation- the two-stage model) whilst in LOPE the STB is stressed because of villous overcrowding and senescence later in pregnancy. It is this stress that perturbs maternal systems leading to the clinical manifestations of PE. Whilst some of the molecular species driving this stress have been identified, none completely explain the multisystem nature of PE. Syncytiotrophoblast membrane vesicles (STB-EVs) are a potential contributor to this multisystem disorder. STB-EVs are released into the maternal circulation in increasing amounts with advancing gestational age, and this release is further exacerbated with stress. There are good in vitro evidence that STB-EVs are taken up by macrophages and liver cells with additional evidence supporting endothelial cell uptake. STB-EV targeting remains in the early stages of discovery. In this review, we highlight the role of STB-EVs in PE. In relation to current research, we discuss different protocols for ex vivo isolation of STB-EVs, as well as specific issues involving tissue preparation, isolation (some of which may be unique to STB-EVs), and methods for their analysis. We suggest potential solutions for these challenges.
Collapse
|
19
|
Placental extracellular vesicles in maternal-fetal communication during pregnancy. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1785-1795. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20220734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For several years, a growing number of studies have highlighted the pivotal role of placental extracellular vesicles (EVs) throughout pregnancy. These membrane nanovesicles, heterogeneous in nature, composition and origin, are secreted by several trophoblastic cell types and are found in both the maternal and fetal compartments. They can be uptaken by recipient cells and drive a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we provide an overview of the different described roles of placental EVs in various aspects of normal pregnancy, from placenta establishment to maternal immune tolerance towards the fetus and protection against viral infections. In the second part, we present selected examples of pathological pregnancies in which placental EVs are involved, such as gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, and congenital infections. Since the abundance and/or composition of placental EVs is deregulated in maternal serum during pathological pregnancies, this makes them interesting candidates as non-invasive biomarkers for gestational diseases and opens a wide field of translational perspectives.
Collapse
|
20
|
Calis P, Vojtech L, Hladik F, Gravett MG. A review of ex vivo placental perfusion models: an underutilized but promising method to study maternal-fetal interactions. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:8823-8835. [PMID: 34818981 PMCID: PMC9126998 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.2005565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Studying the placenta can provide information about the mechanistic pathways of pregnancy disease. However, analyzing placental tissues and manipulating placental function in real-time during pregnancy is not feasible. The ex vivo placental perfusion model allows observing important aspects of the physiology and pathology of the placenta, while maintaining its viability and functional integrity, and without causing harm to mother or fetus. In this review, we describe and compare setups for this technically complex model and summarize outcomes from various published studies. We hope that our review will encourage wider use of ex vivo placental perfusion, which in turn would generate more knowledge to improve pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Calis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lucia Vojtech
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Florian Hladik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael G. Gravett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez O, García-Montero C, Paradela A, Asunción Sánchez-Gil M, Rodriguez-Martin S, De León-Luis JA, Pereda-Cerquella C, Bujan J, Guijarro LG, Alvarez-Mon M, García-Honduvilla N. Unfolding the role of placental-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pregnancy: From homeostasis to pathophysiology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1060850. [PMID: 36478738 PMCID: PMC9720121 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human placenta is a critical structure with multiple roles in pregnancy, including fetal nutrition and support, immunological, mechanical and chemical barrier as well as an endocrine activity. Besides, a growing body of evidence highlight the relevance of this organ on the maternofetal wellbeing not only during gestation, but also from birth onwards. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are complex macromolecular structures of different size and content, acting as carriers of a diverse set of molecules and information from donor to recipient cells. Since its early development, the production and function of placental-derived EVs are essential to ensure an adequate progress of pregnancy. In turn, the fetus receives and produce their own EVs, highlighting the importance of these components in the maternofetal communication. Moreover, several studies have shown the clinical relevance of EVs in different obstetric pathologies such as preeclampsia, infectious diseases or gestational diabetes, among others, suggesting that they could be used as pathophysiological biomarkers of these diseases. Overall, the aim of this article is to present an updated review of the published basic and translational knowledge focusing on the role of placental-derived EVs in normal and pathological pregnancies. We suggest as well future lines of research to take in this novel and promising field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Asunción Sánchez-Gil
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- University Defense Center of Madrid (CUD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Rodriguez-Martin
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Service of Pediatric, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan A. De León-Luis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Ma-drid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claude Pereda-Cerquella
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en El Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en El Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- University Defense Center of Madrid (CUD), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ye Z, Wang S, Huang X, Chen P, Deng L, Li S, Lin S, Wang Z, Liu B. Plasma Exosomal miRNAs Associated With Metabolism as Early Predictor of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes 2022; 71:2272-2283. [PMID: 35926094 PMCID: PMC9630082 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To date, the miRNA expression profile of plasma exosomes in women whose pregnancy is complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has not been fully clarified. In this study, differentially expressed miRNAs in plasma exosomes were identified by high-throughput small-RNA sequencing in 12 pregnant women with GDM and 12 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and validated in 102 pregnant women with GDM and 101 with NGT. A total of 22 exosomal miRNAs were found, five of which were verified by real-time qPCR. Exosomal miR-423-5p was upregulated, whereas miR-122-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-192-5p, and miR-99a-5p were downregulated in women whose pregnancy was complicated by GDM. IGF1R and GYS1 as target genes of miR-423-5p, and G6PC3 and FDFT1 as target genes of miR-122-5p were associated with insulin and AMPK signaling pathways and may participate in the regulation of metabolism in GDM. The five exosomal miRNAs had an area under the curve of 0.82 (95%CI, 0.73, ∼0.91) in early prediction of GDM. Our study demonstrates that dysregulated exosomal miRNAs in plasma from pregnant women with GDM might influence the insulin and AMPK signaling pathways and could contribute to the early prediction of GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songzi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peisong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Langhui Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suiwen Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zilian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author: Bin Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pilszyk A, Niebrzydowska M, Pilszyk Z, Wierzchowska-Opoka M, Kimber-Trojnar Ż. Incretins as a Potential Treatment Option for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710101. [PMID: 36077491 PMCID: PMC9456218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disease affecting an increasing number of pregnant women around the world. It is not only associated with numerous perinatal complications but also has long-term consequences impacting maternal health and fetal development. To prevent them, it is important to keep glucose levels under control. As much as 15-30% of GDM patients will require treatment with insulin, metformin, or glyburide. With that in mind, it is crucial to keep searching for novel and improved pharmacotherapies. Nowadays, there are ongoing studies investigating the use of other groups of drugs that have proven successful in the treatment of T2DM. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor are among the drugs targeting the incretin system and are currently receiving significant attention. The aim of our review is to demonstrate the potential of these medications in treating GDM and preventing its later complications. It seems that both groups may be successful in the GDM management used alone or as an addition to better-known drugs, including metformin and glyburide. However, more clinical trials are needed to confirm their importance in GDM treatment and to demonstrate effective therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
24
|
Maligianni I, Yapijakis C, Nousia K, Bacopoulou F, Chrousos G. Exosomes and exosomal non‑coding RNAs throughout human gestation (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:582. [PMID: 35949320 PMCID: PMC9353550 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research on exosomes and their content has been intensive, which has revealed their important role in cell-to-cell communication, and has implicated exosomal biomolecules in a broad spectrum of physiological processes, as well as in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Pregnancy and its normal progression rely highly on the efficient communication between the mother and the fetus, mainly mediated by the placenta. Recent studies have established the placenta as an important source of circulating exosomes and have demonstrated that exosome release into the maternal circulation gradually increases during pregnancy, starting from six weeks of gestation. This orchestrates maternal-fetal crosstalk, including maternal immune tolerance and pregnancy-associated metabolic adaptations. Furthermore, an increased number of secreted exosomes, along with altered patterns of exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been observed in a number of pregnancy complications, such as gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. The early detection of exosomes and specific exosomal ncRNAs in various biological fluids during pregnancy highlights them as promising candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of numerous pregnancy disorders in adolescents and adults. The present review aimed to provide insight into the current knowledge regarding the potential, only partially elucidated, role of exosomes and exosomal cargo in the regulation and progression of normal pregnancy, as well as their potential dysregulation and contribution to pathological pregnancy situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Maligianni
- First Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Orofacial Genetics, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Yapijakis
- First Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Orofacial Genetics, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Nousia
- First Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Orofacial Genetics, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Salomon C, Das S, Erdbrügger U, Kalluri R, Kiang Lim S, Olefsky JM, Rice GE, Sahoo S, Andy Tao W, Vader P, Wang Q, Weaver AM. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Emerging Roles as Cellular Messengers in Endocrinology: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:441-468. [PMID: 35552682 PMCID: PMC10686249 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, there has been great interest in elucidating the biological role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly, their hormone-like role in cell-to-cell communication. The field of endocrinology is uniquely placed to provide insight into the functions of EVs, which are secreted from all cells into biological fluids and carry endocrine signals to engage in paracellular and distal interactions. EVs are a heterogeneous population of membrane-bound vesicles of varying size, content, and bioactivity. EVs are specifically packaged with signaling molecules, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and are released via exocytosis into biofluid compartments. EVs regulate the activity of both proximal and distal target cells, including translational activity, metabolism, growth, and development. As such, EVs signaling represents an integral pathway mediating intercellular communication. Moreover, as the content of EVs is cell-type specific, it is a "fingerprint" of the releasing cell and its metabolic status. Recently, changes in the profile of EV and bioactivity have been described in several endocrine-related conditions including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The goal of this statement is to highlight relevant aspects of EV research and their potential role in the field of endocrinology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Pieter Vader
- CDL Research, Division LAB, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Qun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Devvanshi H, Kachhwaha R, Manhswita A, Bhatnagar S, Kshetrapal P. Immunological Changes in Pregnancy and Prospects of Therapeutic Pla-Xosomes in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:895254. [PMID: 35517798 PMCID: PMC9065684 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stringent balance of the immune system is a key regulatory factor in defining successful implantation, fetal development, and timely parturition. Interference in these primary regulatory mechanisms, either at adolescence or prenatal state led to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Fertility restoration with the help of injectable gonadotrophins/progesterone, ovulation-inducing drugs, immunomodulatory drugs (corticosteroids), and reproductive surgeries provides inadequate responses, which manifest its own side effects. The development of a potential diagnostic biomarker and an effectual treatment for adverse pregnancy outcomes is a prerequisite to maternal and child health. Parent cell originated bi-layered-intraluminal nano-vesicles (30-150 nm) also known as exosomes are detected in all types of bodily fluids like blood, saliva, breast milk, urine, etc. Exosomes being the most biological residual structures with the least cytotoxicity are loaded with cargo in the form of RNAs (miRNAs), proteins (cytokines), hormones (estrogen, progesterone, etc.), cDNAs, and metabolites making them chief molecules of cell-cell communication. Their keen involvement in the regulation of biological processes has portrayed them as the power shots of cues to understand the disease's pathophysiology and progression. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of immunexosomes (immunomodulating exosomes) in maintaining unwavering immune homeostasis between the mother and developing fetus for a healthy pregnancy. Moreover, the concentration and size of the exosomes are extensively studied in adverse pregnancies like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preterm premature rupture of membrane (pPROMs) as an early diagnostic marker, thus giving in-depth information about their pathophysiology. Exosomes have also been engineered physically as well as genetically to enhance their encapsulation efficiency and specificity in therapy for cancer and adverse pregnancies. Successful bench to bedside discoveries and interventions in cancer has motivated developmental biologists to investigate the role of immunexosomes and their active components. Our review summarizes the pre-clinical studies for the use of these power-shots as therapeutic agents. We envisage that these studies will pave the path for the use of immunexosomes in clinical settings for reproductive problems that arise due to immune perturbance in homeostasis either at adolescence or prenatal state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Devvanshi
- Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Rohit Kachhwaha
- Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Anima Manhswita
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shinjini Bhatnagar
- Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Pallavi Kshetrapal
- Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Extracellular Vesicles as an Index for Endothelial Injury and Cardiac Dysfunction in a Rodent Model of GDM. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094970. [PMID: 35563365 PMCID: PMC9101204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal cardiovascular complications. It is widely believed that maternal endothelial dysfunction is a critical determinant of these risks, however, connections to maternal cardiac dysfunction and mechanisms of pathogenesis are unclear. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging biomarkers that may provide insights into the pathogenesis of GDM. We examined the impact of GDM on maternal cardiac and vascular health in a rat model of diet-induced obesity-associated GDM. We observed a >3-fold increase in circulating levels of endothelial EVs (p < 0.01) and von Willebrand factor (p < 0.001) in GDM rats. A significant increase in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within circulating extracellular vesicles was also observed suggesting possible mitochondrial dysfunction in the vasculature. This was supported by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide deficiency in aortas of GDM mice. GDM was also associated with cardiac remodeling (increased LV mass) and a marked impairment in maternal diastolic function (increased isovolumetric relaxation time [IVRT], p < 0.01). Finally, we observed a strong positive correlation between endothelial EV levels and IVRT (r = 0.57, p < 0.05). In summary, we observed maternal vascular and cardiac dysfunction in rodent GDM accompanied by increased circulating endothelial EVs and EV-associated mitochondrial DNA. Our study highlights a novel method for assessment of vascular injury in GDM and highlights vascular mitochondrial injury as a possible therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
28
|
Bathla T, Abolbaghaei A, Reyes AB, Burger D. Extracellular vesicles in gestational diabetes mellitus: A scoping review. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2022; 19:14791641221093901. [PMID: 35395915 PMCID: PMC9021497 DOI: 10.1177/14791641221093901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy worldwide. Despite extensive study, the molecular mechanisms leading to GDM and associated perinatal complications are not well understood. The condition is also associated with an increased risk of future cardiometabolic disease in both mothers and their offspring. Thus, there is a pressing need for the development of effective screening tools and to identify novel molecular mechanisms responsible for the short and long-term risks associated with GDM. In this regard, extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer promise as novel biomarkers of GDM-mediated changes to both mother and fetus. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an overview of studies examining EVs in the context of GDM. EMBASE and Ovid Medline were searched for articles published from inception to December 2020. We update current knowledge in this area and identify key knowledge gaps with recommendations for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Bathla
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Akram Abolbaghaei
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Agafe Bless Reyes
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yeo E, Brubaker PL, Sloboda DM. The intestine and the microbiota in maternal glucose homeostasis during pregnancy. J Endocrinol 2022; 253:R1-R19. [PMID: 35099411 PMCID: PMC8942339 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is now well established that, beyond its role in nutrient processing and absorption, the intestine and its accompanying gut microbiome constitute a major site of immunological and endocrine regulation that mediates whole-body metabolism. Despite the growing field of host-microbe research, few studies explore what mechanisms govern this relationship in the context of pregnancy. During pregnancy, significant maternal metabolic adaptations are made to accommodate the additional energy demands of the developing fetus and to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recent data suggest that the maternal gut microbiota may play a role in these adaptations, but changes to maternal gut physiology and the underlying intestinal mechanisms remain unclear. In this review, we discuss selective aspects of intestinal physiology including the role of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and the role of the maternal gut microbiome in the maternal metabolic adaptations to pregnancy. Specifically, we discuss how bacterial components and metabolites could mediate the effects of the microbiota on host physiology, including nutrient absorption and GLP-1 secretion and action, and whether these mechanisms may change maternal insulin sensitivity and secretion during pregnancy. Finally, we discuss how these pathways could be altered in disease states during pregnancy including maternal obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia L Brubaker
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Extracellular Vesicles—New Players in Cell-To-Cell Communication in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020462. [PMID: 35203669 PMCID: PMC8962272 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in extracellular vesicles (EVs) has contributed to a better understanding of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Biologically active cargo, such as miRNAs and proteins, is critical in many different biological processes. In this context, pregnancy is one of the most complex physiological states, which needs a highly regulated system to ensure the correct nourishment and development of the baby. However, pre-existent maternal conditions and habits can modify the EV-cargo and dysregulate the system leading to pregnancy complications, with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) being one of the most reported and influential. Calcification and aging of muscle cells, protein modification in vascular control or variations in the levels of specific miRNAs are some of the changes observed or led by EV populations as adaptation to GDM. Interestingly, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance changes are not fully understood to date. Nevertheless, the increasing evidence generated has opened new possibilities in the biomarker discovery field but also in the understanding of cellular mechanisms modified and involved in GDM. This brief review aims to discuss some of the findings in GDM and models used for that purpose and their potential roles in the metabolic alterations during pregnancy, with a focus on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.
Collapse
|
31
|
Bergamelli M, Martin H, Bénard M, Ausseil J, Mansuy JM, Hurbain I, Mouysset M, Groussolles M, Cartron G, Tanguy le Gac Y, Moinard N, Suberbielle E, Izopet J, Tscherning C, Raposo G, Gonzalez-Dunia D, D'Angelo G, Malnou CE. Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Changes the Pattern of Surface Markers of Small Extracellular Vesicles Isolated From First Trimester Placental Long-Term Histocultures. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689122. [PMID: 34568315 PMCID: PMC8461063 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have increasingly been recognized as key players in a wide variety of physiological and pathological contexts, including during pregnancy. Notably, EVs appear both as possible biomarkers and as mediators involved in the communication of the placenta with the maternal and fetal sides. A better understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of EVs strongly depends on the development of adequate and reliable study models, specifically at the beginning of pregnancy where many adverse pregnancy outcomes have their origin. In this study, we describe the isolation of small EVs from a histoculture model of first trimester placental explants in normal conditions as well as upon infection by human cytomegalovirus. Using bead-based multiplex cytometry and electron microscopy combined with biochemical approaches, we characterized these small EVs and defined their associated markers and ultrastructure. We observed that infection led to changes in the expression level of several surface markers, without affecting the secretion and integrity of small EVs. Our findings lay the foundation for studying the functional role of EVs during early pregnancy, along with the identification of new predictive biomarkers for the severity and outcome of this congenital infection, which are still sorely lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bergamelli
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Martin
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mélinda Bénard
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Service de Néonatalogie, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Michel Mansuy
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Ilse Hurbain
- CNRS UMR 144, Structure et Compartiments Membranaires, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 144, Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (PICT-IBiSA), Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Maïlys Mouysset
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Groussolles
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Service de Diagnostic Prénatal, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, France.,INSERM UMR 1027, UPS, Equipe SPHERE Epidémiologie et Analyses en Santé Publique: Risques, Maladies Chroniques et Handicaps, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Géraldine Cartron
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yann Tanguy le Gac
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Moinard
- Développement Embryonnaire, Fertilité, Environnement (DEFE), INSERM UMR 1203, Université de Toulouse et Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,CECOS, Groupe d'Activité de Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, France
| | - Elsa Suberbielle
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Izopet
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Tscherning
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- CNRS UMR 144, Structure et Compartiments Membranaires, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 144, Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (PICT-IBiSA), Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Gonzalez-Dunia
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gisela D'Angelo
- CNRS UMR 144, Structure et Compartiments Membranaires, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Cécile E Malnou
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Peptidases generate bioactive peptides that can regulate cell signaling and mediate intercellular communication. While the processing of peptide precursors is initiated intracellularly, some modifications by peptidases may be conducted extracellularly. Thimet oligopeptidase (TOP) is a peptidase that processes neuroendocrine peptides with roles in mood, metabolism, and immune responses, among other functions. TOP also hydrolyzes angiotensin I to angiotensin 1–7, which may be involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection. Although TOP is primarily cytosolic, it can also be associated with the cell plasma membrane or secreted to the extracellular space. Recent work indicates that membrane-associated TOP can be released with extracellular vesicles (EVs) to the extracellular space. Here we briefly summarize the enzyme’s classical function in extracellular processing of neuroendocrine peptides, as well as its more recently understood role in intracellular processing of various peptides that impact human diseases. Finally, we discuss new findings of EV-associated TOP in the extracellular space.
Collapse
|
33
|
Graham DL, Madkour HS, Noble BL, Schatschneider C, Stanwood GD. Long-term functional alterations following prenatal GLP-1R activation. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:106984. [PMID: 33864929 PMCID: PMC8555578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supporting the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues to pharmacologically treat disorders beyond type 2 diabetes and obesity is increasing. However, little is known about how activation of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) during pregnancy affects maternal and offspring outcomes. We treated female C57Bl/6 J mice prior to conception and throughout gestation with a long-lasting GLP-1R agonist, Exendin-4. While GLP-1R activation has significant effects on food and drug reward, depression, locomotor activity, and cognition in adults, we found few changes in these domains in exendin-4-exposed offspring. Repeated injections of Exendin-4 had minimal effects on the dams and may have enhanced maternal care. Offspring exposed to the drug weighed significantly more than their control counterparts during the preweaning period and demonstrated alterations in anxiety-like outcomes, which indicate a developmental role for GLP-1R modulation in the stress response that may be sex-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devon L Graham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - Haley S Madkour
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - Brenda L Noble
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - Chris Schatschneider
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - Gregg D Stanwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gao J, Tang Y, Sun X, Chen Q, Peng Y, Tsai CJY, Chen Q. Downregulation of Ribosomal Contents and Kinase Activities Is Associated with the Inhibitive Effect on the Growth of Group B Streptococcus Induced by Placental Extracellular Vesicles. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:664. [PMID: 34356519 PMCID: PMC8301483 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like many other cell types, the human placenta produces large amounts of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Increasing evidence has shown that placental EVs contribute to the regulation of maternal immune and vascular systems during pregnancy via the transfer of their cargos. In this study, we investigated the effect of placental EVs on the growth of opportunistic pathogens that commonly colonise the female reproductive tract. METHODS Gram-positive bacterium Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) were treated with placental EVs that were collected from placental explant cultures, and the growth, susceptibility, and resistance to antibiotics of the bacteria were measured. In addition, comparative proteomics analysis was also performed for the GBS with or without exposure to placental EVs. RESULTS When treated with placental micro-EVs or nano-EVs, the GBS growth curve entered the stationary phase earlier, compared to untreated GBS. Treatment with placental EVs also inhibited the growth of GBS on solid medium, compared to untreated GBS. However, these biological activities were not seen in E. coli. This attenuative effect required interaction of placental EVs with GBS but not phagocytosis. In addition, the susceptibility or resistance to antibiotics of GBS or E. coli was not directly affected by treatment with placental EVs. The proteomic and Western blotting analysis of GBS that had been treated with placental EVs suggested that the downregulation of cellular components and proteins associated with phosphorylation and cell energy in GBS may contribute to these attenuative effects. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the attenuative effect of the growth of GBS treated with placental EVs. Downregulation of cellular components and proteins associated with phosphorylation and cell energy may contribute to the physiological changes in GBS treated with placental EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Hospital of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200081, China; (J.G.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yunhui Tang
- Department of Family Planning, The Hospital of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200081, China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (X.S.); (Q.C.)
| | - Qiujing Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Ruijing Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200081, China;
| | - Yiqian Peng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Hospital of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200081, China; (J.G.); (Y.P.)
| | - Catherine Jia-Yun Tsai
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (X.S.); (Q.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ogawa Y, Akimoto Y, Ikemoto M, Goto Y, Ishikawa A, Ohta S, Takase Y, Kawakami H, Tsujimoto M, Yanoshita R. Stability of human salivary extracellular vesicles containing dipeptidyl peptidase IV under simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101034. [PMID: 34141904 PMCID: PMC8185177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been isolated from various sources, including primary and cultured cell lines and body fluids. Previous studies, including those conducted in our laboratory, have reported the stability of EVs under various storage conditions. Methods EVs from human whole saliva were separated via size-exclusion chromatography. To simulate the effects of gastric or intestinal fluids on the stability of EVs, pepsin or pancreatin was added to the samples. Additionally, to determine the effect of bile acids, sodium cholate was added. The samples were then subjected to western blotting, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. In addition, the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV retained in the samples was examined to monitor the stability of EVs. Results Under acidic conditions, with pepsin mimicking the milieu of the stomach, the EVs remained stable. However, they partially lost their membrane integrity in the presence of pancreatin and sodium cholate, indicating that they may be destabilized after passing through the duodenum. Although several associated proteins, such as mucin 5B and CD9 were degraded, DPP IV was stable, and its activity was retained under the simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Conclusion Our data indicate that although EVs can pass through the stomach without undergoing significant damage, they may be disrupted in the intestine to release their contents. The consistent delivery of active components such as DPP IV from EVs into the intestine might play a role in the efficient modulation of homeostasis of the signal transduction pathways occurring in the gastrointestinal tract. The morphology of EVs was retained after enzyme or sodium cholate treatment. Although EVs could pass through the stomach, they were disrupted in the intestine. DPP IV of EVs may remain intact following digestion and solubilization in the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Key Words
- Alix, programmed cell death 6-interacting protein
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DPP IV, dipeptidyl peptidase IV
- Dipeptidyl peptidase IV
- EVs, extracellular vesicles
- Exosomes
- Extracellular vesicles
- Gastrointestinal condition
- Human whole saliva
- MCA, 4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- SD, standard deviation
- Stability
- TEM, transmission electron microscopic
- TSG101, tumor susceptibility gene 101
- WS, whole saliva
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ogawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yoshihiro Akimoto
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ikemoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Anna Ishikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Sakura Ohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Yumi Takase
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Hayato Kawakami
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Masafumi Tsujimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yanoshita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bai K, Li X, Zhong J, Ng EHY, Yeung WSB, Lee CL, Chiu PCN. Placenta-Derived Exosomes as a Modulator in Maternal Immune Tolerance During Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671093. [PMID: 34046039 PMCID: PMC8144714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles with an average diameter of ~100nm. Exosomes are released by all cells through an endosome-dependent pathway and carry nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, cytokines and metabolites, mirroring the state of the originating cells. The function of exosomes has been implicated in various reproduction processes, such as embryo development, implantation, decidualization and placentation. Placenta-derived exosomes (pEXO) can be detected in the maternal blood as early as 6 weeks after conception and their levels increase with gestational age. Importantly, alternations in the molecular signatures of pEXO are observed in pregnancy-related complications. Thus, these differentially expressed molecules could be the potential biomarkers for diagnosis of the pregnancy-associated diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that pEXO play a key role in the establishment of maternal immune tolerance, which is critical for a successful pregnancy. To gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanism, we highlighted the advanced studies of pEXO on immune cells in pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunfeng Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jiangming Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ernest H Y Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - William S B Yeung
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Philip C N Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Syncytiotrophoblast Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to Preeclampsia. MATERNAL-FETAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/fm9.0000000000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
38
|
Salazar-Petres ER, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Pregnancy-induced changes in β-cell function: what are the key players? J Physiol 2021; 600:1089-1117. [PMID: 33704799 DOI: 10.1113/jp281082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal metabolic adaptations during pregnancy ensure appropriate nutrient supply to the developing fetus. This is facilitated by reductions in maternal peripheral insulin sensitivity, which enables glucose to be available in the maternal circulation for transfer to the fetus for growth. To balance this process and avoid excessive hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance in the mother during pregnancy, maternal pancreatic β-cells undergo remarkable changes in their function including increasing their proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In this review we examine how placental and maternal hormones work cooperatively to activate several signalling pathways, transcription factors and epigenetic regulators to drive adaptations in β-cell function during pregnancy. We also explore how adverse maternal environmental conditions, including malnutrition, obesity, circadian rhythm disruption and environmental pollutants, may impact the endocrine and molecular mechanisms controlling β-cell adaptations during pregnancy. The available data from human and experimental animal studies highlight the need to better understand how maternal β-cells integrate the various environmental, metabolic and endocrine cues and thereby determine appropriate β-cell adaptation during gestation. In doing so, these studies may identify targetable pathways that could be used to prevent not only the development of pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes that impact maternal and fetal wellbeing, but also more generally the pathogenesis of other metabolic conditions like type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Roberto Salazar-Petres
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amanda Nancy Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Extracellular vesicles and their role in gestational diabetes mellitus. Placenta 2021; 113:15-22. [PMID: 33714611 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex disorder that is defined by glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy. The incidence of GDM is increasing worldwide. Pregnancies complicated with GDM have higher rates of maternal and fetal morbidity with short- and long-term consequences, including increased rates of cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes for both the mother and offspring. The pathophysiology of GDM still remains unclear and there has been interest in the role of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in the maternal metabolic adaptations that occur in pregnancy and GDM. Small EVs are nanosized particles that contain bioactive content, including miRNAs and proteins, which are released by cells to provide cell-to-cell communication. Pregnancy induces an increase in total and placental-secreted sEVs across gestation, with a further increase in sEV number and changes in the protein and miRNA composition of these sEVs in GDM. Research has suggested that these sEVs have an impact on maternal adaptations during pregnancy, including targeting the pancreas, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Consequently, this review will focus on the differences in total and placental sEVs in GDM compared to normal pregnancy, the role of sEVs in the pathophysiology of GDM and their clinical application as potential GDM biomarkers.
Collapse
|
40
|
Burkova EE, Sedykh SE, Nevinsky GA. Human Placenta Exosomes: Biogenesis, Isolation, Composition, and Prospects for Use in Diagnostics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042158. [PMID: 33671527 PMCID: PMC7926398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are 40–100 nm nanovesicles participating in intercellular communication and transferring various bioactive proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and lipids. During pregnancy, the placenta releases exosomes into the maternal circulation. Placental exosomes are detected in the maternal blood even in the first trimester of pregnancy and their numbers increase significantly by the end of pregnancy. Exosomes are necessary for the normal functioning of the placenta and fetal development. Effects of exosomes on target cells depend not only on their concentration but also on their intrinsic components. The biochemical composition of the placental exosomes may cause various complications of pregnancy. Some studies relate the changes in the composition of nanovesicles to placental dysfunction. Isolation of placental exosomes from the blood of pregnant women and the study of protein, lipid, and nucleic composition can lead to the development of methods for early diagnosis of pregnancy pathologies. This review describes the biogenesis of exosomes, methods of their isolation, analyzes their biochemical composition, and considers the prospects for using exosomes to diagnose pregnancy pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya E. Burkova
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.E.S.); (G.A.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-363-51-27
| | - Sergey E. Sedykh
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.E.S.); (G.A.N.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.E.S.); (G.A.N.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nair S, Ormazabal V, Lappas M, McIntyre HD, Salomon C. Extracellular vesicles and their potential role inducing changes in maternal insulin sensitivity during gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 85:e13361. [PMID: 33064367 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common endocrine disorders during gestation and affects around 15% of all pregnancies worldwide, paralleling the global increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Normal pregnancies are critically dependent on the development of maternal insulin resistance balanced by an increased capacity to secrete insulin, which allows for the allocation of nutrients for adequate foetal growth and development. Several factors including placental hormones, inflammatory mediators and nutrients have been proposed to alter insulin sensitivity and insulin response and underpin the pathological outcomes of GDM. However, other factors may also be involved in the regulation of maternal metabolism and a complete understanding of GDM pathophysiology requires the identification of these factors, and the mechanisms associated with them. Recent studies highlight the potential utility of tissue-specific extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the diagnosis of disease onset and treatment monitoring for several pregnancy-related complications, including GDM. To date, there is a paucity of data defining changes in the release, content, bioactivity and diagnostic utility of circulating EVs in pregnancies complicated by GDM. Placental EVs may engage in paracellular interactions including local cell-to-cell communication between the cell constituents of the placenta and contiguous maternal tissues, and/or distal interactions involving the release of placental EVs into biological fluids and their transport to a remote site of action. Hence, the aim of this review is to discuss the biogenesis, isolation methods and role of EVs in the physiopathology of GDM, including changes in maternal insulin sensitivity during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Valeska Ormazabal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia.,Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - H David McIntyre
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
The role of extracellular vesicles throughout normal pregnancy and in relation to oral bacteria. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:14-22. [PMID: 33497844 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the relationship between the maternal oral environment and complicated pregnancies has been discussed in depth. The depletion of all bacterial flora, including oral bacteria, significantly decreased the size of the maternal placenta and suppressed fetal bone reabsorption. Furthermore, bacterial flora DNA of the host placenta has been reported to be remarkably similar to that of oral flora DNA. These findings indicate that maternal oral flora has a considerable effect on the formation of the placenta and fetus. HIGHLIGHT Placenta is a sophisticated tissue, in which the fetus and mother exchange substance. Placental homeostasis affects the maternal and fetal health; therefore, any disorder in this context is directly linked to serious health issues for the mother and developmental inhibition of the fetus. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess and deliver various factors (i.e., nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids) to distant organs through intercellular crosstalk. EVs are released during natural physiological events as well as under stress conditions. EVs derived from reproductive tissues, such as the placenta, are deeply involved in all stages of pregnancy, including the maturation and survival of sperm and egg, various events during fertilization, implantation, spiral artery remodeling, and immunomodulation. CONCLUSION To date, the precise role of EVs in oral diseases, including periodontal disease, is not well understood. Nonetheless, placental EVs are likely to attract attention, in the future, to objectively evaluate the effects of periodontal disease on maternal and fetal health. Therefore, the role of EVs throughout normal pregnancy will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
|
43
|
Block LN, Bowman BD, Schmidt JK, Keding LT, Stanic AK, Golos TG. The promise of placental extracellular vesicles: models and challenges for diagnosing placental dysfunction in utero†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:27-57. [PMID: 32856695 PMCID: PMC7786267 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the health of a pregnancy is of utmost importance to both the fetus and the mother. The diagnosis of pregnancy complications typically occurs after the manifestation of symptoms, and limited preventative measures or effective treatments are available. Traditionally, pregnancy health is evaluated by analyzing maternal serum hormone levels, genetic testing, ultrasonographic imaging, and monitoring maternal symptoms. However, researchers have reported a difference in extracellular vesicle (EV) quantity and cargo between healthy and at-risk pregnancies. Thus, placental EVs (PEVs) may help to understand normal and aberrant placental development, monitor pregnancy health in terms of developing placental pathologies, and assess the impact of environmental influences, such as infection, on pregnancy. The diagnostic potential of PEVs could allow for earlier detection of pregnancy complications via noninvasive sampling and frequent monitoring. Understanding how PEVs serve as a means of communication with maternal cells and recognizing their potential utility as a readout of placental health have sparked a growing interest in basic and translational research. However, to date, PEV research with animal models lags behind human studies. The strength of animal pregnancy models is that they can be used to assess placental pathologies in conjunction with isolation of PEVs from fluid samples at different time points throughout gestation. Assessing PEV cargo in animals within normal and complicated pregnancies will accelerate the translation of PEV analysis into the clinic for potential use in prognostics. We propose that appropriate animal models of human pregnancy complications must be established in the PEV field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey N Block
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brittany D Bowman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jenna Kropp Schmidt
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Logan T Keding
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aleksandar K Stanic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Franzago M, Lanuti P, Fraticelli F, Marchioni M, Buca D, Di Nicola M, Liberati M, Miscia S, Stuppia L, Vitacolonna E. Biological insight into the extracellular vesicles in women with and without gestational diabetes. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:49-61. [PMID: 32335856 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder in pregnancy, with increasing prevalence worldwide and still unclear pathogenic mechanisms. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as potential biomarkers of disease-specific pathways in metabolic disorders, but their potential role in GDM is not fully understood. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the link between EVs and hyperglycaemia during pregnancy. METHODS We assessed 50 GDM women and 50 controls at the third trimester of pregnancy in whom we collected demographic characteristics and clinical and anthropometric parameters. In addition, the circulating total EVs (tEVs) and their subpopulations were assessed using flow cytometry. RESULTS The levels of tEVs and EVs subtypes, expressed as median and interquartile range, were not significantly different between two groups; however, adipocyte-derived EVs (aEVs) concentration, expressed as percentage, was higher in controls than in GDM women (p = 0.045). In addition, a significant correlation was observed between aEVs (%) and third trimester total cholesterol (p = 0.022) within the GDM group. Furthermore, a significant correlation between endothelial-derived EVs (eEVs) and platelet-derived EVs (pEVs) within both groups was found, as well as a significant relation between aEVs and pEVs. CONCLUSIONS These data, although preliminary, represent the starting point for further studies to determine the role of circulating EVs in GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Franzago
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - P Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - F Fraticelli
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Marchioni
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - D Buca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Di Nicola
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Liberati
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Miscia
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - E Vitacolonna
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Assi E, D'Addio F, Mandò C, Maestroni A, Loretelli C, Ben Nasr M, Usuelli V, Abdelsalam A, Seelam AJ, Pastore I, Magagnotti C, Abdi R, El Essawy B, Folli F, Corradi D, Zuccotti G, Cetin I, Fiorina P. Placental proteome abnormalities in women with gestational diabetes and large-for-gestational-age newborns. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/2/e001586. [PMID: 33188009 PMCID: PMC7668299 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most frequent metabolic complication during pregnancy and is associated with development of short-term and long-term complications for newborns, with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) being particularly common. Interestingly, the mechanism behind altered fetal growth in GDM is only partially understood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A proteomic approach was used to analyze placental samples obtained from healthy pregnant women (n=5), patients with GDM (n=12) and with GDM and LGA (n=5). Effects of altered proteins on fetal development were tested in vitro in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that the placental proteome is altered in pregnant women affected by GDM with LGA, with at least 37 proteins differentially expressed to a higher degree (p<0.05) as compared with those with GDM but without LGA. Among these proteins, 10 are involved in regulating tissue differentiation and/or fetal growth and development, with bone marrow proteoglycan (PRG2) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) being highly expressed. Both PRG2 and DPP-4 altered the transcriptome profile of stem cells differentiation markers when tested in vitro in hESCs, suggesting a potential role in the onset of fetal abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that placental dysfunction may be directly responsible for abnormal fetal growth/development during GDM. Once established on a larger population, inhibitors of the pathways involving those altered factors may be tested in conditions such as GDM and LGA, in which therapeutic approaches are still lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Assi
- International Center for T1D Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Addio
- International Center for T1D Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Mandò
- "G. Pardi" Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Translational Research, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Anna Maestroni
- International Center for T1D Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristian Loretelli
- International Center for T1D Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Moufida Ben Nasr
- International Center for T1D Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vera Usuelli
- International Center for T1D Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdelsalam
- International Center for T1D Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andy Joe Seelam
- International Center for T1D Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ida Pastore
- Department of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Magagnotti
- ProMiFa, Protein Microsequencing Facility, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham & Women's, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Basset El Essawy
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham & Women's, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Franco Folli
- Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Universita di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenico Corradi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, Unit of Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- International Center for T1D Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale dei Bambini V Buzzi, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- "G. Pardi" Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Translational Research, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- International Center for T1D Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Extracellular vesicles: Mediators of embryo-maternal crosstalk during pregnancy and a new weapon to fight against infertility. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151125. [PMID: 33059931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern-day life, infertility is one of the major issues that can affect an individual, both physically and psychologically. Several anatomical, physiological, and genetic factors might contribute to the infertility of an individual. Intercellular communication between trophectoderm and endometrial epithelium triggers successful embryo implantation and thereby establishes pregnancy. Recent studies demonstrate that Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as one of the crucial components that are involved in embryo-maternal communication and promote pregnancy. Membrane-bound EVs release several secreted factors within the uterine fluid, which mediates an intermolecular transfer of EVs' cargos between blastocysts and endometrium. Emerging evidences indicate that several events like imbalance in the release of endometrial or placenta-derived EVs (exosomes/MVs), uptake of their content, failure of embryo selection might lead to implantation failure. Here in this review, we have discussed the current knowledge of the involvement of EVs in maternal-fetal communications during implantation and also highlighted the EVs' rejuvenating ability to overcome infertility-related issues. We also discussed the alteration of the EVs' cargo in different pathological conditions that lead to infertility. Therefore, this review would give a better understanding of EVs' contribution in successful embryo implantation, which could help in the development of new diagnostic tools and cell-free biologics to improve the in vivo reproductive process and to treat infertility by restoring normal reproductive functions.
Collapse
|
47
|
Taylor SK, Houshdaran S, Robinson JF, Gormley MJ, Kwan EY, Kapidzic M, Schilling B, Giudice LC, Fisher SJ. Cytotrophoblast extracellular vesicles enhance decidual cell secretion of immune modulators via TNFα. Development 2020; 147:dev.187013. [PMID: 32747437 DOI: 10.1242/dev.187013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The placenta releases large quantities of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that likely facilitate communication between the embryo/fetus and the mother. We isolated EVs from second trimester human cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) by differential ultracentrifugation and characterized them using transmission electron microscopy, immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. The 100,000 g pellet was enriched for vesicles with a cup-like morphology typical of exosomes. They expressed markers specific to this vesicle type, CD9 and HRS, and the trophoblast proteins placental alkaline phosphatase and HLA-G. Global profiling by mass spectrometry showed that placental EVs were enriched for proteins that function in transport and viral processes. A cytokine array revealed that the CTB 100,000 g pellet contained a significant amount of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). CTB EVs increased decidual stromal cell (dESF) transcription and secretion of NF-κB targets, including IL8, as measured by qRT-PCR and cytokine array. A soluble form of the TNFα receptor inhibited the ability of CTB 100,000 g EVs to increase dESF secretion of IL8. Overall, the data suggest that CTB EVs enhance decidual cell release of inflammatory cytokines, which we theorize is an important component of successful pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Taylor
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sahar Houshdaran
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joshua F Robinson
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew J Gormley
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elaine Y Kwan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mirhan Kapidzic
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Birgit Schilling
- Chemistry & Mass Spectrometry, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Linda C Giudice
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA .,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Human Embryonic Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nair S, Salomon C. Extracellular vesicles as critical mediators of maternal-fetal communication during pregnancy and their potential role in maternal metabolism. Placenta 2020; 98:60-68. [PMID: 33039033 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders by transferring biologically active molecules such as miRNAs and proteins to recipient cells, and influencing their metabolic pathways. Pregnancy is one of the greatest metabolic challenges faced by both the mother and the growing fetus, and this is fine-tuned by several factors, including hormones, soluble molecules, and molecules encapsulated in EVs released from the placenta. A wide range of EVs originating from the placenta are present in maternal circulation, and changes in their circulating levels and bioactivity (i.e., capacity to induce changes in the target cells) have been associated with several complications of pregnancies, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, preterm birth, and fetal growth restriction. Complications of pregnancies are associated with maternal metabolic dysfunction with short- and long-term consequences for both mother and child. However, the potential roles of circulating EVs originating from the placenta and other tissues (e.g. adipose tissue), on changes in maternal metabolism during normal and pregnancy complications have not been fully described. The aim of this brief review, thus, is to discuss the diversity of EVs, and their potential roles in the metabolic alterations during pregnancy, with a special focus on GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Extracellular Vesicles in Feto-Maternal Crosstalk and Pregnancy Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062120. [PMID: 32204473 PMCID: PMC7139847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) actively participate in inter-cellular crosstalk and have progressively emerged as key players of organized communities of cells within multicellular organisms in health and disease. For these reasons, EVs are attracting the attention of many investigators across different biomedical fields. In this scenario, the possibility to study specific placental-derived EVs in the maternal peripheral blood may open novel perspectives in the development of new early biomarkers for major obstetric pathological conditions. Here we reviewed the involvement of EVs in feto–maternal crosstalk mechanisms, both in physiological and pathological conditions (preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, gestational diabetes mellitus), also underlining the usefulness of EV characterization in maternal–fetal medicine.
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang J, Li H, Fan B, Xu W, Zhang X. Extracellular vesicles in normal pregnancy and pregnancy-related diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4377-4388. [PMID: 32175696 PMCID: PMC7176865 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized, membranous vesicles released by almost all types of cells. Extracellular vesicles can be classified into distinct subtypes according to their sizes, origins and functions. Extracellular vesicles play important roles in intercellular communication through the transfer of a wide spectrum of bioactive molecules, contributing to the regulation of diverse physiological and pathological processes. Recently, it has been established that EVs mediate foetal‐maternal communication across gestation. Abnormal changes in EVs have been reported to be critically involved in pregnancy‐related diseases. Moreover, EVs have shown great potential to serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of pregnancy‐related diseases. In this review, we discussed about the roles of EVs in normal pregnancy and how changes in EVs led to complicated pregnancy with an emphasis on their values in predicting and monitoring of pregnancy‐related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Boyue Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|