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Cox LA, Thompson WJ, Mundt KA. Interventional probability of causation (IPoC) with epidemiological and partial mechanistic evidence: benzene vs. formaldehyde and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:252-289. [PMID: 38753561 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2337435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Causal epidemiology for regulatory risk analysis seeks to evaluate how removing or reducing exposures would change disease occurrence rates. We define interventional probability of causation (IPoC) as the change in probability of a disease (or other harm) occurring over a lifetime or other specified time interval that would be caused by a specified change in exposure, as predicted by a fully specified causal model. We define the closely related concept of causal assigned share (CAS) as the predicted fraction of disease risk that would be removed or prevented by a specified reduction in exposure, holding other variables fixed. Traditional approaches used to evaluate the preventable risk implications of epidemiological associations, including population attributable fraction (PAF) and the Bradford Hill considerations, cannot reveal whether removing a risk factor would reduce disease incidence. We argue that modern formal causal models coupled with causal artificial intelligence (CAI) and realistically partial and imperfect knowledge of underlying disease mechanisms, show great promise for determining and quantifying IPoC and CAS for exposures and diseases of practical interest. METHODS We briefly review key CAI concepts and terms and then apply them to define IPoC and CAS. We present steps to quantify IPoC using a fully specified causal Bayesian network (BN) model. Useful bounds for quantitative IPoC and CAS calculations are derived for a two-stage clonal expansion (TSCE) model for carcinogenesis and illustrated by applying them to benzene and formaldehyde based on available epidemiological and partial mechanistic evidence. RESULTS Causal BN models for benzene and risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) incorporating mechanistic, toxicological and epidemiological findings show that prolonged high-intensity exposure to benzene can increase risk of AML (IPoC of up to 7e-5, CAS of up to 54%). By contrast, no causal pathway leading from formaldehyde exposure to increased risk of AML was identified, consistent with much previous mechanistic, toxicological and epidemiological evidence; therefore, the IPoC and CAS for formaldehyde-induced AML are likely to be zero. CONCLUSION We conclude that the IPoC approach can differentiate between likely and unlikely causal factors and can provide useful upper bounds for IPoC and CAS for some exposures and diseases of practical importance. For causal factors, IPoC can help to estimate the quantitative impacts on health risks of reducing exposures, even in situations where mechanistic evidence is realistically incomplete and individual-level exposure-response parameters are uncertain. This illustrates the strength that can be gained for causal inference by using causal models to generate testable hypotheses and then obtaining toxicological data to test the hypotheses implied by the models-and, where necessary, refine the models. This virtuous cycle provides additional insight into causal determinations that may not be available from weight-of-evidence considerations alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis A Cox
- Cox Associates and University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Kenneth A Mundt
- Independent Consultants in Epidemiology, Amherst, MA, USA
- Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Hussain MS, Gupta G, Mishra R, Patel N, Gupta S, Alzarea SI, Kazmi I, Kumbhar P, Disouza J, Dureja H, Kukreti N, Singh SK, Dua K. Unlocking the secrets: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and their devastating effects on lung cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155157. [PMID: 38320440 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LCs) is still a serious health problem globally, with many incidences attributed to environmental triggers such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). VOCs are a broad class of compounds that can be released via various sources, including industrial operations, automobile emissions, and indoor air pollution. VOC exposure has been linked to an elevated risk of lung cancer via multiple routes. These chemicals can be chemically converted into hazardous intermediate molecules, resulting in DNA damage and genetic alterations. VOCs can also cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and a breakdown in the cellular protective antioxidant framework, all of which contribute to the growth of lung cancer. Moreover, VOCs have been reported to alter critical biological reactions such as cell growth, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, leading to tumor development and metastasis. Epidemiological investigations have found a link between certain VOCs and a higher probability of LCs. Benzene, formaldehyde, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are some of the most well-researched VOCs, with comprehensive data confirming their cancer-causing potential. Nevertheless, the possible health concerns linked with many more VOCs and their combined use remain unknown, necessitating further research. Identifying the toxicological consequences of VOCs in LCs is critical for establishing focused preventative tactics and therapeutic strategies. Better legislation and monitoring mechanisms can limit VOC contamination in occupational and environmental contexts, possibly reducing the prevalence of LCs. Developing VOC exposure indicators and analyzing their associations with genetic susceptibility characteristics may also aid in early identification and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Riya Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Neeraj Patel
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Chameli Devi Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Khandwa Road, Village Umrikheda, Near Toll booth, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452020, India
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Popat Kumbhar
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - John Disouza
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Mishra T, Vuppu S. Toxicity of chemical-based hand sanitizers on children and the development of natural alternatives: a computational approach. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:572-599. [PMID: 37916473 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2270496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The unintended exposure of children to hand sanitizers poses a high risk of potentially fatal complications. Skin irritation, dryness, cracking, peeling, hypoglycemia, apnea, and acidosis are examples of unintended consequences of hand sanitizer. The sanitizer reportedly kills normal microbial flora on hands, which usually promotes innate immunity among children under 12. Children are more susceptible to the toxicity associated with the chemical constituents of marketed chemical-based hand sanitizers; however, the studies to develop sanitizer formulations for children are rudimentary. The adverse events limit the use of hand sanitizers specifically in children because of their sensitive and delicate skin. Additionally, it is reported that many chemical-based hand sanitizer formulations, especially alcohol-based ones may also contain contaminants like methanol, acetaldehyde, benzene, isopropanol, and ethyl-acetate. These contaminants are found to be hazardous to human health exhibiting toxicity on ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure, especially in children. Therefore, it is important to design novel, innovative, safer sanitizer formulations for children. The study aims to discuss the toxic contaminants in chemical-based sanitizer formulations and propose a design for novel herbal formulations with minimal toxicity and adverse effects, especially for children. The review focuses on ADMET analysis of the common contaminants in hand sanitizers, molecular docking, Lipinski's rule of five analysis, and molecular simulation studies to analyze the efficacy of interaction with the receptor leading to anti-microbial activity and drug-likeness of the compound. The in silico methods can effectively validate the potential efficacy of novel formulations of hand sanitizers designed for children as an efficient alternative to chemical-based sanitizers with greater efficacy and the absence of toxic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshika Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research Lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Suneetha Vuppu
- Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research Lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Ding H, Xue L, Cui J, Wang Y, Zhao D, Zhi X, Liu R, Fu J, Liu S, Fu B, Shi J, Xu X, Li GK. Catalytic degradation of benzene at room temperature over FeN 4O 2 sites embedded in porous carbon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132520. [PMID: 37703730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Benzene and its aromatic derivatives are typical volatile organic compounds for indoor and outdoor air pollution, harmful to human health and the environment. It has been considered extremely difficult to break down benzene rings at ambient conditions without external energy input, due to the extraordinary stability of the aromatic structure. Here, we show one such solution that can thoroughly degrade benzene to basically water and carbon dioxide at 25 °C in air using atomically dispersed Fe in N-doped porous carbon, with almost 100% benzene conversion. Further experimental studies combined with molecular simulations reveal the mechanism of this catalytic reaction. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) evolved on the atomically dispersed FeN4O2 catalytic centers were found responsible for initiating and completing the oxidation of benzene. This work provides a new chemistry to degrade aromatics at ambient conditions and also a pathway to generate active ·OH oxidant for generic remediation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lingxiao Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahao Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Zhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianfeng Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shejiang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingfeng Fu
- Shenzhen Yuanqi Environmental Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiahui Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ximeng Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Kevin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Zhong B, Ling X, Meng J, Han Y, Zhang H, Liu Z, Chen J, Zhang H, Pan Z, Liu L. Hsa_circ_0001944 regulates apoptosis by regulating the binding of PARP1 and HuR in leukemia and malignant transformed cells induced by hydroquinone. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:381-391. [PMID: 36448377 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydroquinone (HQ) is one of the major metabolites of benzene and can cause abnormal gene expression. It is a known carcinogen that alters cell cycle disruption and cell proliferation. However, its chemical mechanism remain a mystery. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subtype of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a variety of roles in biological processes. Hsa_circ_001944 expression was upregulated in 30 leukemia patients and HQ-induced malignant transformed TK6 cells. Hsa_circ_001944 silencing inhibited the growth of HQ-TK6 cells and halted the cell cycle. The silencing of hsa_circ_0001944 led to increased cell accumulation in G1 versus S phase, increased apoptosis in the sh1944 versus the shNC group, and increased levels of DNA damage (γ-H2AX), leading to cell cycle arrest. In summary, inhibition of hsa_circ_001944 restricted cell growth by inhibiting cell cycle arrest and induced growth of HQ-TK6 cells by modulating PARP1 expression. Hsa_circ_0001944 targeted HuR, which is a kind of RNA-binding protein, to control PARP1 expression via RNAinter, RBPmap, and RBPdb. Fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescent labeling and western blotting experiments showed that hsa_circ_001944 was able to dissociate HuR and PARP1 binding in HQ-TK6 cells, control PARP1 production, and ultimately alter the PARP1/H-Ras pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohuan Zhong
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ling
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxue Meng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Han
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqiao Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Department of Occupational Disease, Huizhou Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialong Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Pan
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhua Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
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6
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Karaulov AV, Smolyagin AI, Mikhailova IV, Stadnikov AA, Ermolina EV, Filippova YV, Kuzmicheva NA, Vlata Z, Djordjevic AB, Tsitsimpikou C, Hartung T, Hernandez AF, Tsatsakis A. Assessment of the combined effects of chromium and benzene on the rat neuroendocrine and immune systems. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112096. [PMID: 34619121 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen, and bone marrow) of Wistar rats treated with a mixture of chromium and benzene. Animals were assessed at three time-points (45, 90 and 135 days) following oral mixture exposure. The hypothalamus-pituitary system was examined in light and electron microscopy. Lymphoid organs underwent a morphological assessment and the immunophenotype of splenocytes was characterized immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies. Splenocytes cytokine production of was determined by ELISA after Con-A stimulation. Combined exposure to chromium and benzene in average doses of 20 mg Cr (VI)/kg body weight/day and 0.6 ml benzene/kg body weight/day impaired the responsiveness of the central compartment of the HPA axis, as evidenced by functional activation of the secretory activity of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which was not followed by a sufficient extrusion of nonapeptides at the neurohypophysis and hypothalamic median eminence. Chromium and benzene exposure reduced the thymus mass, thymocytes count, and caused a number of structural and functional changes indicative of transient thymus involution. In the spleen, exposure to both chemicals resulted in lymphoreticular hyperplasia and plasma cell-macrophage transformation (also observed in lymph nodes). Apoptosis of thymocytes and lymphocytes was also observed in T-zones of the spleen. Notably, the effects were similar to those observed earlier for the single agents, under the same experimental conditions, without evidence of additivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Viktorovich Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya Street, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Irina Valeryevna Mikhailova
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Street, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Abramovich Stadnikov
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Street, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | | | - Yulia Vladimirovna Filippova
- Fundamental Research Laboratory, Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Street, 460000, Orenburg, Russia; Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Street, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Aleksandrovna Kuzmicheva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Street, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Zacharenia Vlata
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100 GR-70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Thomas Hartung
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health & Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21212, USA; Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Antonio F Hernandez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Liu YQ, Lu XX, Hu KX, Peng XB, Jiang Y, Han LM, Ma ZQ, Peng MF, Wan K, Zhang XG, Qiu ZW. Dynamic observation of bone marrow suppression and chromosomal aberrations in patients with acute colchicine poisoning. World J Emerg Med 2022; 13:130-134. [PMID: 35237367 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2022.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qing Liu
- Poisoning Treatment Department, Department of Hematology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Lu
- Poisoning Treatment Department, Department of Hematology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.,Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Kai-Xun Hu
- Poisoning Treatment Department, Department of Hematology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Peng
- Poisoning Treatment Department, Department of Hematology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Poisoning Treatment Department, Department of Hematology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Li-Mei Han
- Poisoning Treatment Department, Department of Hematology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ma
- Poisoning Treatment Department, Department of Hematology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ming-Fei Peng
- Poisoning Treatment Department, Department of Hematology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Kun Wan
- Poisoning Treatment Department, Department of Hematology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xi-Gang Zhang
- Poisoning Treatment Department, Department of Hematology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ze-Wu Qiu
- Poisoning Treatment Department, Department of Hematology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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Luo H, Chen L, Cui Z, Du J, Yang H, Qiu W, Zhai L, Liang H, Tang H. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 affects hydroquinone-induced aberrant cell cycle and apoptosis through activation of p16/pRb signaling pathway in TK6 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113259. [PMID: 35121258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydroquinone (HQ), a key metabolite of benzene, affects cell cycle and apoptosis. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) plays an important role in DNA damage repair. To explore whether PARP-1 is involved in HQ-induced cell cycle and apoptosis, we assessed the effect of PARP-1 suppression and overexpression on induction of cell cycle and apoptosis analyzed by flow cytometry analysis. We observed that HQ induced aberrant cell cycle progression and apoptosis. We further confirmed that PARP-1 suppression accelerated the cell cycle progression and inhibited cell apoptosis via inhibiting p16/pRb signal pathway after acute HQ exposure, while overexpression of PARP-1 displayed the opposite results. Therefore, we concluded that HQ-induced cell cycle and apoptosis were regulated by PARP-1 through activation of p16/pRb signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Institute of Environmental Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zheming Cui
- Institute of Environmental Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jinlin Du
- Institute of Environmental Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Institute of Environmental Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Weifeng Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lu Zhai
- Institute of Environmental Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hairong Liang
- Institute of Environmental Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Institute of Environmental Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
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9
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Ben Dhia O, Lasram MM, Harizi N, Doghri R, Charfi L, Souai N, Najjari A, Ouzari HI, Ben-Hadj-Khalifa S. Kefir milk alleviates benzene-induced immunotoxicity and hematotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42230-42242. [PMID: 33797720 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The adverse health effects of benzene occupational and circumstance pollution exposure are an increasing concern. It leads to damage to various human tissues including bone marrow and ovarian tissues and many vital physiological processes. Previous studies showed that kefir is a rich probiotic, having protective effect, thanks to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory capacity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential efficacy of kefir to remediate benzene toxicity in rat. Thirty-two female rats were randomly allocated and administered orally with benzene and/or kefir during a period of 21 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, hematological and bone marrow cell changes were estimated. The animals exposed to benzene exhibited anemia and a significant decrease in the levels of white blood cell. Moreover, benzene led to the activation of gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), a myelotoxicity in bone marrow cells. Our data showed that kefir treatment alleviated benzene-associated weight loss and increased the number of whole blood cells in peripheral blood and nucleated cells in the bone marrow. Furthermore, these physiological results were observed with animals showing high concentrations of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) determined from fecal samples, which are considered an indicator of kefir-associated microorganisms. Our study suggests that kefir is a potential nutritional supplement target to attenuate hematotoxicity induced by benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Ben Dhia
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Montassar Lasram
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Bioressources Valorization, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Harizi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Doghri
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, Salah Azaiez Institute, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Charfi
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, Salah Azaiez Institute, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nessrine Souai
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Afef Najjari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hadda-Imene Ouzari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Ben-Hadj-Khalifa
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Bioressources Valorization, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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10
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Salimi A, Khodaparast F, Bohlooli S, Hashemidanesh N, Baghal E, Rezagholizadeh L. Linalool reverses benzene-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and lysosomal/mitochondrial damages in human lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2454-2462. [PMID: 34304650 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1957563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Benzene exposure results in bone marrow suppression, leading to a decrease in the number of circulating white blood cells, an increased risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia and aplastic anemia. Since the mechanism of induction of benzene toxicity is due to active metabolites through cytochrome p450 enzymes and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesized that natural compound such linalool with anti-inflammatory/antioxidant properties could be effective in reducing its toxicity. Lymphocytes isolated from healthy individuals were simultaneously cotreated with different concentrations of LIN (10, 25 and 50 µM) and benzene (50 µM) for 4 h at 37 °C. After incubation, the toxicity parameters such cytotoxicity, ROS formation, lysosomal membrane integrity, mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) collapse, oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed using biochemical and flow cytometry evaluations. Our data showed that benzene (50 µM) induced a significant increase in cytotoxicity, ROS formation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress while LIN with antioxidant potential reversed the toxic effects of benzene on isolated human lymphocytes. Our results suggest that LIN reduces and reverses benzene-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and lysosomal/mitochondrial damages in human lymphocyte. This study demonstrated that cotreatment of LIN with benzene can reduce several parameters indicative of oxidative stress. As such, LIN could represent a potential therapeutic agent in reducing certain aspects of benzene-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farzad Khodaparast
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shahab Bohlooli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Niloufar Hashemidanesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elahe Baghal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Rezagholizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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11
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Epigenetic Effects of Benzene in Hematologic Neoplasms: The Altered Gene Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102392. [PMID: 34069279 PMCID: PMC8156840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Benzene is produced by diverse petroleum transformation processes and it is widely employed in industry despite its oncogenic effects. In fact, occupational exposure to benzene may cause hematopoietic malignancy. The leukemogenic action of benzene is particularly complex. Possible processes of onset of hematological malignancies have been recognized as a genotoxic action and the provocation of immunosuppression. However, benzene can induce modifications that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence, the so-called epigenetics changes. Acquired epigenetic modification may also induce leukemogenesis, as benzene may alter nuclear receptors, and cause changes at the protein level, thereby modifying the function of regulatory proteins, including oncoproteins and tumor suppressor proteins. Abstract Benzene carcinogenic ability has been reported, and chronic exposure to benzene can be one of the risk elements for solid cancers and hematological neoplasms. Benzene is acknowledged as a myelotoxin, and it is able to augment the risk for the onset of acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, aplastic anemia, and lymphomas. Possible mechanisms of benzene initiation of hematological tumors have been identified, as a genotoxic effect, an action on oxidative stress and inflammation and the provocation of immunosuppression. However, it is becoming evident that genetic alterations and the other causes are insufficient to fully justify several phenomena that influence the onset of hematologic malignancies. Acquired epigenetic alterations may participate with benzene leukemogenesis, as benzene may affect nuclear receptors, and provoke post-translational alterations at the protein level, thereby touching the function of regulatory proteins, comprising oncoproteins and tumor suppressor proteins. DNA hypomethylation correlates with stimulation of oncogenes, while the hypermethylation of CpG islands in promoter regions of specific tumor suppressor genes inhibits their transcription and stimulates the onset of tumors. The discovery of the systems of epigenetic induction of benzene-caused hematological tumors has allowed the possibility to operate with pharmacological interventions able of stopping or overturning the negative effects of benzene.
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12
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The association of three DNA repair genes polymorphisms on the frequency of chromosomal alterations detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1567-1577. [PMID: 33778923 PMCID: PMC8384795 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gas station workers (GSWs) are exposed to carcinogenic agents. The aim was to study the association of high somatic chromosome alterations (CAs) rates in the blood of GSWs and the polymorphisms of three genes playing a role in DNA double-strand break repair. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with 114 GSWs and 115 age-matched controls. Cytogenetic analyses, blood exams, medical interviews and genotypes for RAD51/G135C (rs1801320), ATM/P1054R (rs1800057) and CHEK2/T470C (rs17879961) genes were performed. RESULTS The CA rate in GSWs was 9.8 CAs/1000 metaphases, and 19.1% of the workers had > 10 CAs per 1000 metaphases (group two). GSWs had decreased levels of monocytes (P = 0.024) in their blood exams. The number of variant alleles of the RAD51/G135C polymorphism was higher in GSWs (P = 0.011) compared to the controls, and were associated with enhanced number of CAs per worker (P = 0.008). No allele variant was found for CHEK2/T470C in this study. CONCLUSION The RAD51/G135C polymorphism appears to be related to genome instability in gas station workers. Increasing the knowledge of DNA repair gene variations involved in maintaining genomic stability in GSWs may be crucial for future cancer prevention.
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13
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Smith MT, Guyton KZ, Kleinstreuer N, Borrel A, Cardenas A, Chiu WA, Felsher DW, Gibbons CF, Goodson WH, Houck KA, Kane AB, La Merrill MA, Lebrec H, Lowe L, McHale CM, Minocherhomji S, Rieswijk L, Sandy MS, Sone H, Wang A, Zhang L, Zeise L, Fielden M. The Key Characteristics of Carcinogens: Relationship to the Hallmarks of Cancer, Relevant Biomarkers, and Assays to Measure Them. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1887-1903. [PMID: 32152214 PMCID: PMC7483401 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The key characteristics (KC) of human carcinogens provide a uniform approach to evaluating mechanistic evidence in cancer hazard identification. Refinements to the approach were requested by organizations and individuals applying the KCs. We assembled an expert committee with knowledge of carcinogenesis and experience in applying the KCs in cancer hazard identification. We leveraged this expertise and examined the literature to more clearly describe each KC, identify current and emerging assays and in vivo biomarkers that can be used to measure them, and make recommendations for future assay development. We found that the KCs are clearly distinct from the Hallmarks of Cancer, that interrelationships among the KCs can be leveraged to strengthen the KC approach (and an understanding of environmental carcinogenesis), and that the KC approach is applicable to the systematic evaluation of a broad range of potential cancer hazards in vivo and in vitro We identified gaps in coverage of the KCs by current assays. Future efforts should expand the breadth, specificity, and sensitivity of validated assays and biomarkers that can measure the 10 KCs. Refinement of the KC approach will enhance and accelerate carcinogen identification, a first step in cancer prevention.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Environmental Carcinogenesis: Pathways to Prevention."
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
| | - Kathryn Z Guyton
- Monographs Programme, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- Division of Intramural Research, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Alexandre Borrel
- Division of Intramural Research, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Catherine F Gibbons
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C
| | - William H Goodson
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Keith A Houck
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Agnes B Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Herve Lebrec
- Comparative Biology & Safety Sciences, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Cliona M McHale
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Sheroy Minocherhomji
- Comparative Biology & Safety Sciences, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Linda Rieswijk
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
- Institute of Data Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martha S Sandy
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California
| | - Hideko Sone
- Yokohama University of Pharmacy and National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Amy Wang
- Office of the Report on Carcinogens, Division of National Toxicology Program, The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Lauren Zeise
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California
| | - Mark Fielden
- Expansion Therapeutics Inc, San Diego, California
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14
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Scholten B, Vlaanderen J, Stierum R, Portengen L, Rothman N, Lan Q, Pronk A, Vermeulen R. A Quantitative Meta-Analysis of the Relation between Occupational Benzene Exposure and Biomarkers of Cytogenetic Damage. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:87004. [PMID: 32783535 PMCID: PMC7422719 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genotoxicity of benzene has been investigated in dozens of biomonitoring studies, mainly by studying (classical) chromosomal aberrations (CAs) or micronuclei (MN) as markers of DNA damage. Both have been shown to be predictive of future cancer risk in cohort studies and could, therefore, potentially be used for risk assessment of genotoxicity-mediated cancers. OBJECTIVES We sought to estimate an exposure-response curve (ERC) and quantify between-study heterogeneity using all available quantitative evidence on the cytogenetic effects of benzene exposure on CAs and MN respectively. METHODS We carried out a systematic literature review and summarized all available data of sufficient quality using meta-analyses. We assessed the heterogeneity in slope estimates between studies and conducted additional sensitivity analyses to assess how various study characteristics impacted the estimated ERC. RESULTS Sixteen CA (1,356 individuals) and 13 MN studies (2,097 individuals) were found to be eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis. Studies where benzene was the primary genotoxic exposure and that had adequate assessment of both exposure and outcomes were used for the primary analysis. Estimated slope estimates were an increase of 0.27% CA [(95% CI: 0.08%, 0.47%); based on the results from 4 studies] and 0.27% MN [(95% CI: -0.23%, 0.76%); based on the results from 7 studies] per parts-per-million benzene exposure. We observed considerable between-study heterogeneity for both end points (I2>90%). DISCUSSION Our study provides a systematic, transparent, and quantitative summary of the literature describing the strong association between benzene exposure and accepted markers of genotoxicity in humans. The derived consensus slope can be used as a best estimate of the quantitative relationship between real-life benzene exposure and genetic damage in future risk assessment. We also quantitate the large between-study heterogeneity that exists in this literature, a factor which is crucial for the interpretation of single-study or consensus slopes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6404.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Scholten
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rob Stierum
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Lützen Portengen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nat Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Anjoeka Pronk
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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15
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A clandestine culprit with critical consequences: Benzene and acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Rev 2020; 47:100736. [PMID: 32771228 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While most clinicians recognize adult therapy-related leukemias following cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation, environmental regulatory agencies evaluate exposure to "safe levels" of leukemogenic compounds. Benzene represents the most notorious leukemogenic chemical. Used in the production of ubiquitous items such as plastics, lubricants, rubbers, dyes, and pesticides, benzene may be responsible for the higher risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) among automobile, janitorial, construction, and agricultural workers. It is possible that ambient benzene may contribute to many cases of "de novo" AML not arising out of germline predispositions. In this appraisal of the available literature, we evaluate and discuss the association between chronic, low-dose and ambient exposure to environmental benzene and the development of adult AML.
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16
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Harati B, Shahtaheri SJ, Yousefi HA, Harati A, Askari A, Abdolmohamadi N. Cancer Risk Assessment for Workers Exposed to Pollution Source, a Petrochemical Company, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:1330-1338. [PMID: 33083300 PMCID: PMC7548477 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v49i7.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Air pollution have led to severe problem of adverse health effect in the world. This study aimed to conduct the health risk assessment, cancer risk analysis, and non-cancer risk for exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hydrogen sulfide (H
2
S) in petrochemical industry. Methods: In this cross-sectional research, 123 samples were collected in the ambient air in Iran during winter 2016. For sampling and analysis of VOCs and H
2
S, 3 methods (numbers 1500, 1501, and 6013) presented by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) were used. For determination of risk assessment of chemical pollutants, semi-quantitative method presented by the Occupational Safety and Health Division, Singapore was used. Finally, for calculation of cancer risk analysis, Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and calculation of non-cancer risk, Exposure Concentration (EC) were used. Results: Average concentration of benzene (2.12±0.95) in breathing zone of workers were higher than the Threshold Limit Values-Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) (P<0.05). Among chemical substance, benzene had very high rank of risk in petrochemical industry. Rank of risk for H
2
S, toluene, and xylene present in the breathing zone of workers was low. The mean cancer risk for workers exposed to benzene was estimated 8.78×10−3, in other words, 8.7 cancer per 1000 i.e. higher than the acceptable standard of 10−6. In our study, non-cancer risk for BTX was higher than the acceptable standard of 1. Conclusion: In particular, overall cancer and toxic risk can be associated with long term exposure to benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Harati
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Yousefi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Harati
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Boroujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran
| | - Ali Askari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabi Abdolmohamadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Dewi R, Hamid ZA, Rajab NF, Shuib S, Razak SA. Genetic, epigenetic, and lineage-directed mechanisms in benzene-induced malignancies and hematotoxicity targeting hematopoietic stem cells niche. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:577-595. [PMID: 31884827 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119895570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is a known hematotoxic and leukemogenic agent with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) niche being the potential target. Occupational and environmental exposure to benzene has been linked to the incidences of hematological disorders and malignancies. Previous studies have shown that benzene may act via multiple modes of action targeting HSCs niche, which include induction of chromosomal and micro RNA aberrations, leading to genetic and epigenetic modification of stem cells and probable carcinogenesis. However, understanding the mechanism linking benzene to the HSCs niche dysregulation is challenging due to complexity of its microenvironment. The niche is known to comprise of cell populations accounted for HSCs and their committed progenitors of lymphoid, erythroid, and myeloid lineages. Thus, it is fundamental to address novel approaches via lineage-directed strategy to elucidate precise mechanism involved in benzene-induced toxicity targeting HSCs and progenitors of different lineages. Here, we review the key genetic and epigenetic factors that mediate hematotoxicological effects by benzene and its metabolites in targeting HSCs niche. Overall, the use of combined genetic, epigenetic, and lineage-directed strategies targeting the HSCs niche is fundamental to uncover the key mechanisms in benzene-induced hematological disorders and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dewi
- Biomedical Science Programme and Centre of Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Z Abdul Hamid
- Biomedical Science Programme and Centre of Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N F Rajab
- Biomedical Science Programme and Centre of Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Shuib
- Department of Pathology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sr Abdul Razak
- Oncological and Radiological Sciences Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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18
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Tweats D, Eastmond DA, Lynch AM, Elhajouji A, Froetschl R, Kirsch-Volders M, Marchetti F, Masumura K, Pacchierotti F, Schuler M. Role of aneuploidy in the carcinogenic process: Part 3 of the report of the 2017 IWGT workgroup on assessing the risk of aneugens for carcinogenesis and hereditary diseases. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 847:403032. [PMID: 31699349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is regarded as a hallmark of cancer, however, its role is complex with both pro- and anti-carcinogenic effects evident. In this IWGT review, we consider the role of aneuploidy in cancer biology; cancer risk associated with constitutive aneuploidy; rodent carcinogenesis with known chemical aneugens; and chemotherapy-related malignant neoplasms. Aneuploidy is seen at various stages in carcinogenesis. However, the relationship between induced aneuploidy occurring after exposure and clonal aneuploidy present in tumours is not clear. Recent evidence indicates that the induction of chromosomal instability (CIN), may be more important than aneuploidy per se, in the carcinogenic process. Down Syndrome, trisomy 21, is associated with altered hematopoiesis in utero which, in combination with subsequent mutations, results in an increased risk for acute megakaryoblastic and lymphoblastic leukemias. In contrast, there is reduced cancer risk for most solid tumours in Down Syndrome. Mouse models with high levels of aneuploidy are also associated with increased cancer risk for particular tumours with long latencies, but paradoxically other types of tumour often show decreased incidence. The aneugens reviewed that induce cancer in humans and animals all possess other carcinogenic properties, such as mutagenicity, clastogenicity, cytotoxicity, organ toxicities, hormonal and epigenetic changes which likely account for, or interact with aneuploidy, to cause carcinogenesis. Although the role that aneuploidy plays in carcinogenesis has not been fully established, in many cases, it may not play a primary causative role. Tubulin-disrupting aneugens that do not possess other properties linked to carcinogenesis, were not carcinogenic in rodents. Similarly, in humans, for the tubulin-disrupting aneugens colchicine and albendazole, there is no reported association with increased cancer risk. There is a need for further mechanistic studies on agents that induce aneuploidy, particularly by mechanisms other than tubulin disruption and to determine the role of aneuploidy in pre-neoplastic events and in early and late stage neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kenichi Masumura
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Francesca Pacchierotti
- Health Protection Technology Division, Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, ENEA, CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy
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19
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Yang X, Lu Y, He F, Hou F, Xing C, Xu P, Wang QF. Benzene metabolite hydroquinone promotes DNA homologous recombination repair via the NF-κB pathway. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1021-1030. [PMID: 30770924 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Benzene, a widespread environmental pollutant, induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and DNA repair, which may further lead to oncogenic mutations, chromosomal rearrangements and leukemogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying benzene-induced DNA repair and carcinogenesis remain unclear. The human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS/DR-GFP), which carries a GFP-based homologous recombination (HR) repair reporter, was treated with hydroquinone, one of the major benzene metabolites, to identify the potential effects of benzene on DSB HR repair. RNA-sequencing was further employed to identify the potential key pathway that contributed to benzene-initiated HR repair. We found that treatment with hydroquinone induced a significant increase in HR. NF-κB pathway, which plays a critical role in carcinogenesis in multiple tumors, was significantly activated in cells recovered from hydroquinone treatment. Furthermore, the upregulation of NF-κB by hydroquinone was also found in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Notably, the inhibition of NF-κB activity by small molecule inhibitors (QNZ and JSH-23) significantly reduced the frequency of hydroquinone-initiated HR (−1.36- and −1.77-fold, respectively, P < 0.01). Our results demonstrate an important role of NF-κB activity in promoting HR repair induced by hydroquinone. This finding sheds light on the underlying mechanisms involved in benzene-induced genomic instability and leukemogenesis and may contribute to the larger exploration of the influence of other environmental pollutants on carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yedan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuhong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fenxia Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Xu
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian-Fei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Chen L, Guo P, Zhang H, Li W, Gao C, Huang Z, Fan J, Zhang Y, Li X, Liu X, Wang F, Wang S, Li Q, He Z, Li H, Chen S, Wu X, Ye L, Li Q, Tang H, Wang Q, Dong G, Xiao Y, Chen W, Li D. Benzene-induced mouse hematotoxicity is regulated by a protein phosphatase 2A complex that stimulates transcription of cytochrome P4502E1. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2486-2499. [PMID: 30567741 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic benzene exposure is associated with hematotoxicity and the development of aplastic anemia and leukemia. However, the signaling pathways underlying benzene-induced hematotoxicity remain to be defined. Here, we investigated the role of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in the regulation of benzene-induced hematotoxicity in a murine model. Male mice with a hepatocyte-specific homozygous deletion of the Ppp2r1a gene (encoding PP2A Aα subunit) (HO) and matched wildtype (WT) mice were exposed to benzene via inhalation at doses of 1, 10, and 100 ppm for 28 days. Peripheral white blood cell counts and activation of bone marrow progenitors were attenuated in the HO mice, indicating that Ppp2r1a deletion protects against benzene-induced hematotoxicity. Moreover, elevation of urinary S-phenyl mercapturic acid, a benzene metabolite, was much greater in WT mice than in HO mice. Real-time exhalation analysis revealed more exhaled benzene but fewer benzene metabolites in HO mice than in WT mice, possibly because of the down-regulation of Cyp2e1, encoding cytochrome P4502E1, in hepatocytes of the HO mice. Loss-of-function screening disclosed that PP2A complexes containing the B56α subunit participate in regulating Cyp2e1 expression. Notably, PP2A-B56α suppression in HepG2 cells resulted in persistent β-catenin phosphorylation at Ser33-Ser37-Thr41 in response to CYP2E1 agonists. In parallel, nuclear translocation of β-catenin was inhibited, concomitant with a remarkable decrease of Cyp2e1 expression. These findings support the notion that a regulatory cascade comprising PP2A-B56α, β-catenin, and Cyp2e1 is involved in benzene-induced hematotoxicity, providing critical insight into the role of PP2A in responses to the environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Ping Guo
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Wenxue Li
- the Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440
| | - Chen Gao
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Zhenlie Huang
- the Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515
| | - Junling Fan
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Yuling Zhang
- the Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, and
| | - Xue Li
- the Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, and
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Fangping Wang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Shan Wang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Qingye Li
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Zhini He
- the Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515
| | - Huiyao Li
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Shen Chen
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Xiaonen Wu
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Lizhu Ye
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Qiong Li
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Huanwen Tang
- the Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qing Wang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Guanghui Dong
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Wen Chen
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Daochuan Li
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080,
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Tabeshpour J, Mehri S, Shaebani Behbahani F, Hosseinzadeh H. Protective effects of Vitis vinifera
(grapes) and one of its biologically active constituents, resveratrol, against natural and chemical toxicities: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2164-2190. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Tabeshpour
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Student Research Committee; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Neurocognitive Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaebani Behbahani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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22
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Zhang Z, Li P, Lin D, Wang D, Zhang Y. Proteome analysis of the potential serum biomarkers for chronic benzene poisoning. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 60:157-164. [PMID: 29729575 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study is to seek novel specific biomarkers which could provide clues to the mechanism of chronic benzene poisoning (CBP) and might also be used as specific markers for early detection and diagnosis. In this study, a comparative serological proteome analysis between normal controls and CBP patients at three different levels of poisoning were performed via a 2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF-MS. As the result a total of 10 proteins were found significantly altered between the normal and the mild, moderate and severe poisoning. The identified differentially expressed proteins were classified according to their molecular functions, biological processes, and protein classes, and three important serum proteins among them, apolipoproteinA-1, alpha-1-antitrypsin and complement C3, were further confirmed by immune turbidimetric analysis for their significant up-regulation in the CBP patients. Our findings suggest that these differential proteins may help elucidate the mechanism of CBP and provide potential biomarkers for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Peimao Li
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Dafeng Lin
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianpeng Wang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China.
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23
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Martínez-Rodríguez JL, Gutiérrez-Hernández R, Reyes-Estrada CA, Granados-López AJ, Arcos-Ortega T, López JA. Quantitative measurement of oxidative damage in erythrocytes as indicator in benzene intoxications. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 28:450-460. [PMID: 29564940 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1455786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of aromatic hydrocarbons by the organism forms products that cause cell death depending on the type of exposure. Benzene exposure has been linked to oxidative stress, hepatic damage, aplastic anemia, and hematopoietic cancer as lymphoid and myeloid leukemia. However, there are not fast methods to evaluate chronic benzene exposure in human blood. The objective of this work was the evaluation of the correlation between oxidative damage with benzene exposure and the level of cellular plasma membrane stability (CPMS) in erythrocytes to use it as a future indicator to determine the grade of benzene intoxications. CPMS in vitro assays were used to evaluate damage for benzene, toluene, and xylene. Erythrocytes CPMS assays in vitro shows a progressive reduction with benzene, toluene, and xylene suggesting that aromatic hydrocarbons complexity favors CPMS damage. Eight groups of Wistar rats (n = 5) were used to study the level of damage on CPMS by acute and chronic benzene administration. Enzymatic, metabolic, histological, and oxidative damage tests were performed. Acute administration (100 μL/100 g/single dose) showed a decrease of 66.7% in CPMS, while 63.6% for chronic administration (5 μL/100 g/every 2 days/3 months) showing a correlation with liver damage principally (transaminases activity increase, glycogen level decrease, and high oxidative damage). Tissue damage was observed in bone marrow, kidney, spleen, and lungs. Benzene produces damage on CPMS depending on the exposure time and dose. The CPMS technique could be used as an important aromatic hydrocarbons intoxication indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Martínez-Rodríguez
- a Laboratorio de microRNAs de la Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico.,b Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Durango campus Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Gutiérrez-Hernández
- c Programa de Nutrición de la Unidad Académica de Enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas , Mexico , Mexico
| | - Claudia Araceli Reyes-Estrada
- c Programa de Nutrición de la Unidad Académica de Enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas , Mexico , Mexico.,d Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud de la Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y C.S. de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico
| | - Angelica Judith Granados-López
- a Laboratorio de microRNAs de la Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico
| | - Tatiana Arcos-Ortega
- b Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Durango campus Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico
| | - Jesús Adrián López
- a Laboratorio de microRNAs de la Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico.,e Doctorado en Ciencias Básicas , Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico
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24
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Brisson GD, de Almeida Lopes B, Andrade FG, Dos Santos Bueno FV, Sardou-Cezar I, de Aguiar Gonçalves BA, Terra-Granado E, Paraguassú-Braga FH, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS. EPHX1 rs1051740 T>C (Tyr113His) is strongly associated with acute myeloid leukemia and KMT2A rearrangements in early age. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2001-2012. [PMID: 29605894 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and epidemiological data have shown that acute myeloid leukemia in early-age (i-AML) originates prenatally. The risk association between transplacental exposure to benzene metabolites and i-AML might be influenced by genetic susceptibility. In this study, we investigated the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in CYP2E1, EPHX1, MPO, NQO1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, and i-AML risk. The study included 101 i-AMLs and 416 healthy controls. Genomic DNA from study subjects was purified from bone marrow or peripheral blood aspirates and genotyped for genetic polymorphisms by real-time PCR allelic discrimination, Sanger sequencing and multiplex PCR. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR, adjOR, respectively) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were assessed using unconditional logistic regression to estimate the magnitude of risk associations. EPHX1 rs1051740 T>C was associated with i-AML risk under the co-dominant (adjOR 3.04, P = 0.003) and recessive (adjOR 2.99, P = 0.002) models. In stratified analysis, EPHX1 rs1051740 was associated with increased risk for i-AML with KMT2A rearrangement (adjOR 3.06, P = 0.045), i-AML with megakaryocytic differentiation (adjOR 5.10, P = 0.008), and i-AML with type I mutation (adjOR 2.02, P = 0.037). EPHX1 rs1051740-rs2234922 C-G haplotype was also associated with increased risk for i-AML (adjOR 2.55, P = 0.043), and for i-AML with KMT2A rearrangement (adjOR 3.23, P = 0.034). Since EPHX1 enzyme is essential in cellular defense against epoxides, the diminished enzymatic activity conferred by the variant allele C could explain the risk associations found for i-AML. In conclusion, EPHX1 rs1051740 plays an important role in i-AML's genetic susceptibility by modulating the carcinogenic effects of epoxide exposures in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Dallapicola Brisson
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rua André Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Almeida Lopes
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rua André Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francianne Gomes Andrade
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rua André Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Filipe Vicente Dos Santos Bueno
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rua André Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Sardou-Cezar
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rua André Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno Alves de Aguiar Gonçalves
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rua André Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eugênia Terra-Granado
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rua André Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Paraguassú-Braga
- Centro de Processamento e Armazenamento Celular, Banco de Sangue de Cordão Umbilical, Centro de Transplante e Terapia Celular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Praça da Cruz Vermelha 23, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria S Pombo-de-Oliveira
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rua André Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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25
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Rothman N, Zhang L, Smith MT, Vermeulen R, Lan Q. Formaldehyde, Hematotoxicity, and Chromosomal Changes-Response. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:120-121. [PMID: 29311167 PMCID: PMC6980366 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, NCI (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, NCI (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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26
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Rothman N, Lan Q, Smith MT, Vermeulen R, Zhang L. Response to letter to the editor of Carcinogenesis by Pira et al., 2017. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:1253-1255. [PMID: 29040449 PMCID: PMC5862264 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute (NIH), USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute (NIH), USA
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, USA
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, USA
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Salemi R, Marconi A, Di Salvatore V, Franco S, Rapisarda V, Libra M. Epigenetic alterations and occupational exposure to benzene, fibers, and heavy metals associated with tumor development. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3366-3371. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Arul P, Shetty S, Masilamani S, Akshatha C, Naveen Kumar BJ. Evaluation of Micronucleus in Exfoliated Buccal Epithelial Cells Using Liquid-based Cytology Preparation in Petrol Station Workers. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2017; 38:273-276. [PMID: 29200672 PMCID: PMC5686965 DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_26_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liquid-based cytology (LBC) can be used for the evaluation of micronucleus (MN) in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells of populations occupationally exposed to potentially carcinogenic agents. Aim: This study was undertaken to evaluate the frequency of MN of exfoliated buccal epithelial cells using LBC preparation in petrol station workers. Materials and Methods: Fifty petrol station workers (cases) and fifty hospital administrative staffs (controls) were recruited and evaluated for MN by May-Grunwald Giemsa, Hematoxylin and Eosin, and Papanicolaou stains using LBC preparation. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t-test, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Regardless of staining method used, the mean frequency of MN for cases was significantly higher than that of controls (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study concluded that petrol station workers are under risk of significant cytogenetic damage. The MN in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells found to be a useful biomarker of occupational exposure to genotoxic chemicals. LBC can be used for sample preparation to evaluate the frequency of MN in those who are occupationally exposed to potentially carcinogenic agents in view of overall improvement on sample preservation and visualization of cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arul
- Department of Pathology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Smitha Shetty
- Department of Pathology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Masilamani
- Department of Pathology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Akshatha
- Department of Pathology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B J Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Valente D, Costa-Amaral IC, Carvalho LVBD, Santos MVCD, Castro VSD, Rodrigues DDRF, Falco AD, Silva CB, Nogueira SM, Gonçalves ES, Moreira JC, André LC, Teixeira LR, Sarcinelli PDN, Sisenando HA, Oliveira MSD, Perini JA, Mattos RDCODC, Larentis AL. Utilização de biomarcadores de genotoxicidade e expressão gênica na avaliação de trabalhadores de postos de combustíveis expostos a vapores de gasolina. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-6369000124415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução: a avaliação de uma exposição mensura sua intensidade, frequência e duração, podendo detectar danos precoces que, se ignorados, podem evoluir para um quadro nocivo. Nos campos da saúde ambiental e ocupacional, os biomarcadores de genotoxicidade tem sido largamente utilizados para essa avaliação. Objetivo: identificar, descrever e discutir os principais bioindicadores de genotoxicidade e seu uso conjunto com técnicas de avaliação de expressão gênica em estudos de exposição ocupacional ao benzeno em postos de revenda de combustíveis (PRC). Métodos: revisão bibliográfica de trabalhos publicados entre 1995 e 2015. Resultados: as técnicas identificadas foram: ensaio cometa, estresse oxidativo, micronúcleos, aberrações cromossômicas, polimorfismos, adutos de DNA e proteínas, fatores epigenéticos e expressão gênica. Foi observado que testes de danos genéticos e epigenéticos são utilizados em frentistas de PRC que participam de programas de saúde do trabalhador ou de pesquisas, embora um baixo número de publicações sobre o tema tenha sido identificado. Esse fato talvez possa ser explicado pelos poucos países onde a profissão persiste e pelas limitações para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas nesses países. Conclusão: os bioindicadores de genotoxicidade e as técnicas de expressão gênica são úteis na detecção de dano precoce desta exposição ocupacional e devem ser avaliados em conjunto.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna De Falco
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fiocruz, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jamila Alessandra Perini
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Brasil; Fiocruz, Brazil
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Villalba-Campos M, Chuaire-Noack L, Sánchez-Corredor MC, Rondón-Lagos M. High chromosomal instability in workers occupationally exposed to solvents and paint removers. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:46. [PMID: 27325915 PMCID: PMC4913430 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Painters are exposed to an extensive variety of harmful substances like aromatic hydrocarbons used as solvents and paint removers, some of which have shown clastogenic activity. These substances constitute a complex mixture of chemicals which contain well-known genotoxicants, such as Benzene, Toluene and Xylene. Thus, chronic occupational exposure to such substances may be considered to possess genotoxic risk. In Colombia the information available around the genotoxic damage (Chromosomal and DNA damage) in car paint shop workers is limited and the knowledge of this damage could contribute not only to a better understanding of the carcinogenic effect of this kind of substances but also could be used as biomarkers of occupational exposure to genotoxic agents. RESULTS In this study, the genotoxic effect of aromatic hydrocarbons was assessed in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 24 workers occupationally exposed and 24 unexposed donors, by using Cytogenetic analysis and comet assay. A high frequency of Chromosomal alterations was found in the exposed group in comparison with those observed in the unexposed group. Among the total of CAs observed in the exposed group, fragilities were most frequently found (100 %), followed by chromosomal breaks (58 %), structural (41.2 %) and numerical chromosomal alterations (21 %). Numerical chromosomal alterations, fragilities and chromosomal breaks showed significant differences between exposed and unexposed groups. Among the fragilities, fra(9)(q12) was the most frequently observed. DNA damage index was also significantly higher in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group (p < 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that occupational exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons is significantly associated with Chromosomal and DNA damage in car paint shops workers and are also indicative of high chromosomal instability. The high frequency of both Chromosomal Alterations and DNA Damage Index observed in this study indicates an urgent need of intervention not only to prevent the increased risk of developing cancer but also to the application of strict health control and motivation to the use of appropriate protecting devices during work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Villalba-Campos
- />Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC Colombia
| | - Lilian Chuaire-Noack
- />Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC Colombia
| | | | - Milena Rondón-Lagos
- />Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC Colombia
- />Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Laffon B, Pásaro E, Valdiglesias V. Effects of exposure to oil spills on human health: Updated review. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2016; 19:105-28. [PMID: 27221976 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2016.1168730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills may involve health risks for people participating in the cleanup operations and coastal inhabitants, given the toxicological properties of the oil components. In spite of this, only after a few major oil spills (crude oil or fuel oil no. 6) have studies on effects of exposure to diverse aspects of human health been performed. Previously, Aguilera et al. (2010) examined all documents published to that date dealing with any type of human health outcome in populations exposed to oil spills. The aim of the present review was to compile all new information available and determine whether evidence reported supports the existence of an association between exposure and adverse human health risks. Studies were classified in three groups according to type of health outcome addressed: (i) effects on mental health, (ii) physical/physiological effects, and (iii) genotoxic, immunotoxic, and endocrine toxicity. New studies published on oil-spill-exposed populations-coastal residents in the vicinity of the spills or participants in cleanup operations-provide additional support to previous evidence on adverse health effects related to exposure regarding different parameters in all three categories considered. Some of the observed effects even indicated that several symptoms may persist for some years after exposure. Hence, (1) health protection in these individuals should be a matter of concern; and (2) health risk assessment needs to be carried out not only at the time of exposure but also for prolong periods following exposure, to enable early detection of any potential exposure-related harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Laffon
- a DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology , Universidade da Coruña , Coruña , Spain
| | - Eduardo Pásaro
- a DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology , Universidade da Coruña , Coruña , Spain
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- a DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology , Universidade da Coruña , Coruña , Spain
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Bassig BA, Friesen MC, Vermeulen R, Shu XO, Purdue MP, Stewart PA, Xiang YB, Chow WH, Zheng T, Ji BT, Yang G, Linet MS, Hu W, Zhang H, Zheng W, Gao YT, Rothman N, Lan Q. Occupational Exposure to Benzene and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Population-Based Cohort: The Shanghai Women's Health Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:971-7. [PMID: 25748391 PMCID: PMC4590744 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between benzene exposure and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been the subject of debate as a result of inconsistent epidemiologic evidence. An International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) working group evaluated benzene in 2009 and noted evidence for a positive association between benzene exposure and NHL risk. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association between occupational benzene exposure and NHL among 73,087 women enrolled in the prospective population-based Shanghai Women's Health Study. METHODS Benzene exposure estimates were derived using a previously developed exposure assessment framework that combined ordinal job-exposure matrix intensity ratings with quantitative benzene exposure measurements from an inspection database of Shanghai factories collected between 1954 and 2000. Associations between benzene exposure metrics and NHL (n = 102 cases) were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models, with study follow-up occurring from December 1996 through December 2009. RESULTS Women ever exposed to benzene had a significantly higher risk of NHL [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.96]. Compared with unexposed women, significant trends in NHL risk were observed for increasing years of benzene exposure (p(trend) = 0.006) and increasing cumulative exposure levels (p(trend) = 0.005), with the highest duration and cumulative exposure tertiles having a significantly higher association with NHL (HR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.07, 4.01 and HR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.98, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings, using a population-based prospective cohort of women with diverse occupational histories, provide additional evidence that occupational exposure to benzene is associated with NHL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Bassig
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The north-west coast of Spain was heavily contaminated by the Prestige oil spill, in 2002. Individuals who participated in the clean-up tasks showed increased chromosome damage two years after exposure. Long-term clinical implications of chromosome damage are still unknown. OBJECTIVE To realize a follow-up genotoxic study to detect whether the chromosome damage persisted six years after exposure to the oil. DESIGN Follow-up study. SETTING Fishermen cooperatives in coastal villages. PARTICIPANTS Local fishermen who were highly exposed (n = 52) and non-exposed (n = 23) to oil seven years after the spill. MEASUREMENTS Chromosome damage in circulating lymphocytes. RESULTS Chromosome damage in exposed individuals persists six years after oil exposure, with a similar incidence than those previously detected four years before. A surprising increase in chromosome damage in non-exposed individual was found six years after Prestige spill vs. those detected two years after the exposure. LIMITATIONS The sample size and the possibility of some kind of selection bias should be considered. Genotoxic results cannot be extrapolated to the approximately 300,000 individuals who participated occasionally in clean-up tasks. CONCLUSION The persistence of chromosome damage detected in exposed individuals six years after oil exposure seems to indicate that the cells of the bone marrow are affected. A surprising increase in chromosome damage in non-exposed individuals detected in the follow-up study suggests an indirect exposition of these individuals to some oil compounds or to other toxic agents during the last four years. More long-term studies are needed to confirm the presence of chromosome damage in exposed and non-exposed fishermen due to the association between increased chromosomal damage and increased risk of cancer. Understanding and detecting chromosome damage is important for detecting cancer in its early stages. The present work is the first follow-up cytogenetic study carried out in lymphocytes to determine genotoxic damage evolution between two and six years after oil exposure in same individuals.
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Ji Z, McHale CM, Bersonda J, Tung J, Smith MT, Zhang L. Induction of centrosome amplification by formaldehyde, but not hydroquinone, in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:535-44. [PMID: 25821186 PMCID: PMC6529207 DOI: 10.1002/em.21947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzene and formaldehyde (FA) are important industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants that cause leukemia by inducing DNA damage and chromosome aberrations in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), the target cells for leukemia. Our previous studies showed that workers exposed to benzene and FA exhibit increased levels of aneuploidy in their blood cells. As centrosome amplification is a common phenomenon in human cancers, including leukemia, and is associated with aneuploidy in carcinogenesis, we hypothesized that benzene and FA would induce centrosome amplification in vitro. We treated human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells with a range of concentrations of hydroquinone (HQ, a benzene metabolite) or FA for 24 h, allowed the cells to recover in fresh medium for 24 h, and examined centrosome amplification; chromosomal gain, loss, and breakage; and cytotoxicity. We included melphalan and etoposide, chemotherapeutic drugs that cause therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and that have been shown to induce centrosome amplification as well as chromosomal aneuploidy and breakage, as positive controls. Melphalan and etoposide induced centrosome amplification and chromosome gain and breakage in a dose-dependent manner, at cytotoxic concentrations. HQ, though cytotoxic, did not induce centrosome amplification or any chromosomal aberration. FA-induced centrosome amplification and cytotoxicity, but did not induce chromosomal aberrations. Our data suggest, for the first time, that centrosome amplification is a potential mechanism underlying FA-induced leukemogenesis, but not benzene-induced leukemogenesis, as mediated through HQ. Future studies are needed to delineate the mechanisms of centrosome amplification and its association with DNA damage, chromosomal aneuploidy and carcinogenesis, following exposure to FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Ji
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Genes and Environment Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Cliona M. McHale
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Genes and Environment Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Jessica Bersonda
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Genes and Environment Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Judy Tung
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Genes and Environment Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Genes and Environment Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Genes and Environment Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
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Linet MS, Yin SN, Gilbert ES, Dores GM, Hayes RB, Vermeulen R, Tian HY, Lan Q, Portengen L, Ji BT, Li GL, Rothman N. A retrospective cohort study of cause-specific mortality and incidence of hematopoietic malignancies in Chinese benzene-exposed workers. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2184-97. [PMID: 25944549 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Benzene exposure has been causally linked with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but inconsistently associated with other hematopoietic, lymphoproliferative and related disorders (HLD) or solid tumors in humans. Many neoplasms have been described in experimental animals exposed to benzene. We used Poisson regression to estimate adjusted relative risks (RR) and the likelihood ratio statistic to derive confidence intervals for cause-specific mortality and HLD incidence in 73,789 benzene-exposed compared with 34,504 unexposed workers in a retrospective cohort study in 12 cities in China. Follow-up and outcome assessment was based on factory, medical and other records. Benzene-exposed workers experienced increased risks for all-cause mortality (RR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.1, 1.2) due to excesses of all neoplasms (RR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2, 1.4), respiratory diseases (RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2, 2.3) and diseases of blood forming organs (RR = ∞, 95% CI = 3.4, ∞). Lung cancer mortality was significantly elevated (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2, 1.9) with similar RRs for males and females, based on three-fold more cases than in our previous follow-up. Significantly elevated incidence of all myeloid disorders reflected excesses of myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (RR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.2, 6.6) and chronic myeloid leukemia (RR = 2.5, 95% CI = 0.8, 11), and increases of all lymphoid disorders included excesses of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (RR = 3.9, 95%CI = 1.5, 13) and all lymphoid leukemia (RR = 5.4, 95%CI = 1.0, 99). The 28-year follow-up of Chinese benzene-exposed workers demonstrated increased risks of a broad range of myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases and suggested possible associations with other malignant and non-malignant disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha S Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Song-Nian Yin
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ethel S Gilbert
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Graça M Dores
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hao-Yuan Tian
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Lutzen Portengen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Gui-Lan Li
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
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Lovreglio P, Maffei F, Carrieri M, D’Errico MN, Drago I, Hrelia P, Bartolucci GB, Soleo L. Evaluation of chromosome aberration and micronucleus frequencies in blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to low concentrations of benzene. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 770:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Increased leukemia-associated gene expression in benzene-exposed workers. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5369. [PMID: 24993241 PMCID: PMC4081871 DOI: 10.1038/srep05369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to benzene causes several adverse health effects, including an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia. This study was to identify genetic alternations involved in pathogenesis of leukemia in benzene-exposed workers without clinical symptoms of leukemia. This study included 33 shoe-factory workers exposed to benzene at levels from 1 ppm to 10 ppm. These workers were divided into 3 groups based on the benzene exposure time, 1- < 7, 7- < 12, and 12- < 24 years. 17 individuals without benzene exposure history were recruited as controls. Cytogenetic analysis using Affymetrix Cytogenetics Array found copy-number variations (CNVs) in several chromosomes of benzene-exposed workers. Expression of targeted genes in these altered chromosomes, NOTCH1 and BSG, which play roles in leukemia pathogenesis, was further examined using real-time PCR. The NOTCH1 mRNA level was significantly increased in all 3 groups of workers, and the NOTCH1 mRNA level in the 12- < 24 years group was significantly higher than that in 1- < 7 and 7- < 12 years groups. Compared to the controls, the BSG mRNA level was significantly increased in 7- < 12 and 12- < 24 years groups, but not in the 1- < 7 years group. These results suggest that CNVs and leukemia-related gene expression might play roles in leukemia development in benzene-exposed workers.
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Assessment of micronuclei and sister chromatid exchange frequency in the petroleum industry workers in province of Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:63-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Charbotel B, Fervers B, Droz J. Occupational exposures in rare cancers: A critical review of the literature. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 90:99-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Lymphohematopoietic cancers induced by chemicals and other agents and their implications for risk evaluation: An overview. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 761:40-64. [PMID: 24731989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lymphohematopoietic neoplasia are one of the most common types of cancer induced by therapeutic and environmental agents. Of the more than 100 human carcinogens identified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, approximately 25% induce leukemias or lymphomas. The objective of this review is to provide an introduction into the origins and mechanisms underlying lymphohematopoietic cancers induced by xenobiotics in humans with an emphasis on acute myeloid leukemia, and discuss the implications of this information for risk assessment. Among the agents causing lymphohematopoietic cancers, a number of patterns were observed. Most physical and chemical leukemia-inducing agents such as the therapeutic alkylating agents, topoisomerase II inhibitors, and ionizing radiation induce mainly acute myeloid leukemia through DNA-damaging mechanisms that result in either gene or chromosomal mutations. In contrast, biological agents and a few immunosuppressive chemicals induce primarily lymphoid neoplasms through mechanisms that involve alterations in immune response. Among the environmental agents examined, benzene was clearly associated with acute myeloid leukemia in humans, with increasing but still limited evidence for an association with lymphoid neoplasms. Ethylene oxide and 1,3-butadiene were linked primarily to lymphoid cancers. Although the association between formaldehyde and leukemia remains controversial, several recent evaluations have indicated a potential link between formaldehyde and acute myeloid leukemia. The four environmental agents examined in detail were all genotoxic, inducing gene mutations, chromosomal alterations, and/or micronuclei in vivo. Although it is clear that rapid progress has been made in recent years in our understanding of leukemogenesis, many questions remain for future research regarding chemically induced leukemias and lymphomas, including the mechanisms by which the environmental agents reviewed here induce these diseases and the risks associated with exposures to such agents.
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Sun R, Zhang J, Yin L, Pu Y. Investigation into variation of endogenous metabolites in bone marrow cells and plasma in C3H/He mice exposed to benzene. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:4994-5010. [PMID: 24658442 PMCID: PMC3975436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene is identified as a carcinogen. Continued exposure of benzene may eventually lead to damage to the bone marrow, accompanied by pancytopenia, aplastic anemia or leukemia. This paper explores the variations of endogenous metabolites to provide possible clues for the molecular mechanism of benzene-induced hematotoxicity. Liquid chromatography coupled with time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to investigate the variation of endogenous metabolites in bone marrow cells and plasma of male C3H/He mice. The mice were injected subcutaneously with benzene (0, 300, 600 mg/day) once daily for seven days. The body weights, relative organ weights, blood parameters and bone marrow smears were also analyzed. The results indicated that benzene caused disturbances in the metabolism of oxidation of fatty acids and essential amino acids (lysine, phenylalanine and tyrosine) in bone marrow cells. Moreover, fatty acid oxidation was also disturbed in plasma and thus might be a common disturbed metabolic pathway induced by benzene in multiple organs. This study aims to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in benzene hematotoxicity, especially in bone marrow cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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Bahadar H, Mostafalou S, Abdollahi M. Current understandings and perspectives on non-cancer health effects of benzene: a global concern. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 276:83-94. [PMID: 24589379 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Benzene, as a volatile organic compound, is known as one of the main air pollutants in the environment. The aim of this review is to summarize all available evidences on non-cancerous health effects of benzene providing an overview of possible association of exposure to benzene with human chronic diseases, specially, in those regions of the world where benzene concentration is being poorly monitored. METHODOLOGY A bibliographic search of scientific databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scirus was conducted with key words of "benzene toxic health effects", "environmental volatile organic compounds", "diabetes mellitus and environmental pollutants", "breast cancer and environmental pollution", "prevalence of lung cancer", and "diabetes prevalence". More than 300 peer reviewed papers were examined. Experimental and epidemiologic studies reporting health effects of benzene and volatile organic compounds were included in the study. RESULTS Epidemiologic and experimental studies suggest that benzene exposure can lead to numerous non-cancerous health effects associated with functional aberration of vital systems in the body like reproductive, immune, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, and respiratory. CONCLUSION Chronic diseases have become a health burden of global dimension with special emphasis in regions with poor monitoring over contents of benzene in petrochemicals. Benzene is a well known carcinogen of blood and its components, but the concern of benzene exposure is more than carcinogenicity of blood components and should be evaluated in both epidemiologic and experimental studies. Aspect of interactions and mechanism of toxicity in relation to human general health problems especially endocrine disturbances with particular reference to diabetes, breast and lung cancers should be followed up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haji Bahadar
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Sara Mostafalou
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Santiago F, Alves G, Otero UB, Tabalipa MM, Scherrer LR, Kosyakova N, Ornellas MH, Liehr T. Monitoring of gas station attendants exposure to benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX) using three-color chromosome painting. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:15. [PMID: 24576355 PMCID: PMC3974043 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-7-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure of BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) may lead to progressive degeneration of bone marrow, aplastic anemia and/or leukemia. In Brazil there is no self-service fuel in gas stations and attendants fill the fuel themselves. Due to this they are chronically exposed to high concentration of BTX. Occupational exposure to benzene has been associated with increased chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using whole chromosome painting (wcp) probes allows the rapid detection of chromosomal aberration. In the present study three-color wcp probes for chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 were used for monitoring 60 gas station attendants. RESULTS Blood tests were done and interviews were conducted for each worker. For searching for possible associations between the clinical characteristics and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations the workers were divided into two groups (≤ 10 chromosomal abnormalities per 1,000 metaphases and > 10 chromosomal abnormalities per 1,000 metaphases).The studied workers had a low median age (36 year), albeit long period of BTX exposure (median was 16 years). Low prevalence of smoking and moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages were found in this population. The cytogenetic analysis showed 16.6% (10/60) of workers with a high frequency of chromosomal abnormalities (>10 chromosomal abnormalities per 1,000 metaphases). Translocations were the most frequently observed chromosome aberration. The statistical analysis revealed highly significant differences in skin color (p = 0.002) and a weak significant differences in gender (p = 0.052) distribution between the two groups. CONCLUSION 16.6% of the studied population showed elevated frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities, which is highly likely to be correlated with their exposure to BTX during their work. Therefore, further studies are needed for better characterize the work associated damage of the genome in gas station workers. It is necessary to better understand the risks that these workers are exposed, so that we can be effective in preventing diseases and maintaining the health of these workers and possibly the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilda Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
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McHale CM, Smith MT, Zhang L. Application of toxicogenomic profiling to evaluate effects of benzene and formaldehyde: from yeast to human. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1310:74-83. [PMID: 24571325 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation underlies a significant proportion of the individual variation in human susceptibility to toxicants. The primary current approaches to identify gene-environment (GxE) associations, genome-wide association studies and candidate gene association studies, require large exposed and control populations and an understanding of toxicity genes and pathways, respectively. This limits their application in the study of GxE associations for the leukemogens benzene and formaldehyde, whose toxicity has long been a focus of our research. As an alternative approach, our published work has applied innovative in vitro functional genomics testing systems, including unbiased functional screening assays in yeast and a near-haploid human bone marrow cell line. Through comparative genomic and computational analyses of the resulting data, human genes and pathways that may modulate susceptibility to benzene and formaldehyde were identified, and the roles of several genes in mammalian cell models were validated. In populations occupationally exposed to low levels of benzene, we applied peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptomics and chromosome-wide aneuploidy studies in lymphocytes. In this review, we describe our comprehensive toxicogenomic approach and the potential mechanisms of toxicity and susceptibility genes identified for benzene and formaldehyde, as well as related studies conducted by other researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliona M McHale
- Genes and Environment Laboratory, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
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Irons RD, Kerzic PJ. Cytogenetics in benzene-associated myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia: new insights into a disease continuum. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1310:84-8. [PMID: 24611724 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis in health and disease results from complex interactions between primitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the extrinsic influences of other cells in the bone marrow (BM) niche. Advances in stem cell biology, molecular genetics, and computational biology reveal that the immortality, self-renewal, and maintenance of blood homeostasis generally attributed to individual HSCs are functions of the cells' behavior in the normal BM environment. Here we discuss how these advances, together with results of outcomes-based clinical epidemiology studies, provide new insight into the importance of epigenetic events in leukemogenesis. For the chemical benzene (Bz), development of myeloid neoplasms depends predominantly on alterations within the microenvironments in which they arise. The primary persistent disease in Bz myelotoxicity is myelodysplastic syndrome, which precedes cytogenetic injury. Evidence indicates that acute myeloid leukemia arises as a secondary event, subsequent to evolution of the leukemia-initiating cell phenotype within the altered BM microenvironment. Further explorations into the nature of chemical versus de novo disease should consider this mechanism, which is biologically distinct from previous models of clonal cytogenetic injury. Understanding alterations of homeostatic regulation in the BM niche is important for validation of models of leukemogenesis, monitoring at-risk populations, and development of novel treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Irons
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Anshutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Cinpathogen, Inc, Boulder, Colorado
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46
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Ji Z, Li X, Fromowitz M, Mutter-Rottmayer E, Tung J, Smith MT, Zhang L. Formaldehyde induces micronuclei in mouse erythropoietic cells and suppresses the expansion of human erythroid progenitor cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 224:233-9. [PMID: 24188930 PMCID: PMC3891867 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although formaldehyde (FA) has been classified as a human leukemogen, the mechanisms of leukemogenesis remain elusive. Previously, using colony-forming assays in semi-solid media, we showed that FA exposure in vivo and in vitro was toxic to human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In the present study, we have applied new liquid in vitro erythroid expansion systems to further investigate the toxic effects of FA (0-150 μM) on cultured mouse and human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. We determined micronucleus (MN) levels in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) differentiated from mouse bone marrow. We measured cell growth, cell cycle distribution, and chromosomal instability, in erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) expanded from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. FA significantly induced MN in mouse PCEs and suppressed human EPC expansion in a dose-dependent manner, compared with untreated controls. In the expanded human EPCs, FA slightly increased the proportion of cells in G2/M at 100 μM and aneuploidy frequency in chromosomes 7 and 8 at 50 μM. Our findings provide further evidence of the toxicity of FA to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and support the biological plausibility of FA-induced leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michele Fromowitz
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Elizabeth Mutter-Rottmayer
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Judy Tung
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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47
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Monyarch G, de Castro Reis F, Zock JP, Giraldo J, Pozo-Rodríguez F, Espinosa A, Rodríguez-Trigo G, Verea H, Castaño-Vinyals G, Gómez FP, Antó JM, Coll MD, Barberà JA, Fuster C. Chromosomal bands affected by acute oil exposure and DNA repair errors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81276. [PMID: 24303039 PMCID: PMC3841120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous study, we showed that individuals who had participated in oil clean-up tasks after the wreckage of the Prestige presented an increase of structural chromosomal alterations two years after the acute exposure had occurred. Other studies have also reported the presence of DNA damage during acute oil exposure, but little is known about the long term persistence of chromosomal alterations, which can be considered as a marker of cancer risk. OBJECTIVES We analyzed whether the breakpoints involved in chromosomal damage can help to assess the risk of cancer as well as to investigate their possible association with DNA repair efficiency. METHODS Cytogenetic analyses were carried out on the same individuals of our previous study and DNA repair errors were assessed in cultures with aphidicolin. RESULTS Three chromosomal bands, 2q21, 3q27 and 5q31, were most affected by acute oil exposure. The dysfunction in DNA repair mechanisms, expressed as chromosomal damage, was significantly higher in exposed-oil participants than in those not exposed (p= 0.016). CONCLUSION The present study shows that breaks in 2q21, 3q27 and 5q31 chromosomal bands, which are commonly involved in hematological cancer, could be considered useful genotoxic oil biomarkers. Moreover, breakages in these bands could induce chromosomal instability, which can explain the increased risk of cancer (leukemia and lymphomas) reported in chronically benzene-exposed individuals. In addition, it has been determined that the individuals who participated in clean-up of the oil spill presented an alteration of their DNA repair mechanisms two years after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Monyarch
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular i Genètica Mèdica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Fernanda de Castro Reis
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular i Genètica Mèdica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jan-Paul Zock
- Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia Ambiental (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia i Salut Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Giraldo
- Unitat de Bioestadística and Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francisco Pozo-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Respiratoria, Unidad Epidemiologia Clínica, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia Ambiental (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia i Salut Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gema Rodríguez-Trigo
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Mallorca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Respiratoria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Verea
- Departamento de Medicina Respiratoria, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia Ambiental (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia i Salut Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico P. Gómez
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Mallorca, Spain
- Departament de Medicina Respiratòria, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Antó
- Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia Ambiental (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia i Salut Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Dolors Coll
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Ciències, UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joan Albert Barberà
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Mallorca, Spain
- Departament de Medicina Respiratòria, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Fuster
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular i Genètica Mèdica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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48
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Irons RD, Chen Y, Wang X, Ryder J, Kerzic PJ. Acute myeloid leukemia following exposure to benzene more closely resembles de novo than therapy related-disease. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013; 52:887-94. [PMID: 23840003 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene (Bz) is widely regarded as a prototype environmental leukemogen and individuals chronically exposed are at risk for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is widely assumed that initiation and pathogenesis of AML following Bz exposure (Bz-AML) is similar or identical to therapy-related AML (t-AML), in which clonal cytogenetic abnormalities, including aneuploidy, are initiating events. However, this assumption is not supported by studies reporting actual disease outcomes together with cytogenetic analyses. Here, using clinically relevant cytogenetic, hematologic, and epidemiological methods, we directly show for 722 consecutive AML cases that the pattern of clonal cytogenetic abnormalities encountered in Bz-exposed cases (n = 78) more closely resembles de novo-AML than t-AML. The prevalence of aneuploidy in Bz-exposed- and de novo-AML cases was identical (23%), and no significant increases in -5/5q- (RR = 0.79) (95% CI: 0.29-2.12) or -7/7q- (RR = 1.27) (95% CI: 0.55-2.92) abnormalities were observed between Bz- vs de novo-AML, respectively. Previous studies have suggested a role for autoimmunity in Bz related MDS including immune mediated inflammatory features and positive responses to immunosuppressive therapy which are indistinguishable from those reported in MDS with low risk of progression to AML. These observations are more consistent with an epigenetic model for initiation of Bz-AML in which altered homeostatic regulation in the bone marrow niche, not direct cytogenetic injury, predominates in the initial development of the leukemic stem cell phenotype, a mechanism biologically distinct from previous models of clonal cytogenetic injury. These findings are important for further understanding the biological basis of AML, particularly in environmental and occupational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Irons
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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49
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Zhang L, Lan Q, Ji Z, Li G, Shen M, Vermeulen R, Guo W, Hubbard AE, McHale CM, Rappaport SM, Hayes RB, Linet MS, Yin S, Smith MT, Rothman N. Leukemia-related chromosomal loss detected in hematopoietic progenitor cells of benzene-exposed workers. Leukemia 2012; 26:2494-8. [PMID: 22643707 PMCID: PMC3472034 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Benzene exposure causes acute myeloid leukemia and hematotoxicity, shown as suppression of mature blood and myeloid progenitor cell numbers. As the leukemia-related aneuploidies monosomy 7 and trisomy 8 previously had been detected in the mature peripheral blood cells of exposed workers, we hypothesized that benzene could cause leukemia through the induction of these aneuploidies in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We measured loss and gain of chromosomes 7 and 8 by fluorescence in situ hybridization in interphase colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) cells cultured from otherwise healthy benzene-exposed (n=28) and unexposed (n=14) workers. CFU-GM monosomy 7 and 8 levels (but not trisomy) were significantly increased in subjects exposed to benzene overall, compared with levels in the control subjects (P=0.0055 and P=0.0034, respectively). Levels of monosomy 7 and 8 were significantly increased in subjects exposed to <10 p.p.m. (20%, P=0.0419 and 28%, P=0.0056, respectively) and ≥ 10 p.p.m. (48%, P=0.0045 and 32%, 0.0354) benzene, compared with controls, and significant exposure-response trends were detected (P(trend)=0.0033 and 0.0057). These data show that monosomies 7 and 8 are produced in a dose-dependent manner in the blood progenitor cells of workers exposed to benzene, and may be mechanistically relevant biomarkers of early effect for benzene and other leukemogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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50
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Wang L, He X, Bi Y, Ma Q. Stem Cell and Benzene-Induced Malignancy and Hematotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1303-15. [PMID: 22540379 DOI: 10.1021/tx3001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Department of Occupational and
Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Xiaoqing He
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology
and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division,
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown,
West Virginia, United States
| | - Yongyi Bi
- Department of Occupational and
Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology
and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division,
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown,
West Virginia, United States
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