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Yang K, Qin PH, Yuan MY, Chen L, Zhang YJ, Chu D. Infection density pattern of Cardinium affects the responses of bacterial communities in an invasive whitefly under heat conditions. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1149-1164. [PMID: 36331043 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Communities of bacteria, especially symbionts, are vital for the growth and development of insects and other arthropods, including Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED), a destructive and invasive insect pest. However, the infection density patterns and influence factors of bacteria in whiteflies, which mainly include symbionts, remain largely unclear. To reveal the different density patterns of Cardinium in B. tabaci MED populations and the impacts of high temperatures on whiteflies with different Cardinium density infection patterns, 2 isofemale lines isolated from B. tabaci MED from the same geographical population of China and from B. tabaci MED collected from other countries and locations were examined using several techniques and methods, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and 2b-RAD sequencing. The results showed that there were 2 different infection density patterns of Cardinium in B. tabaci MED (including 1 high-density pattern and 1 low-density pattern). For whiteflies with low-density Cardinium, conventional PCR could not detect Cardinium, but the other techniques confirmed that there was a low level of Cardinium within hosts. High temperature significantly decreased the diversity of bacterial communities: the relative titer of Cardinium increased but the density of Rickettsia decreased in the isofemale line with high-density Cardinium. However, high temperature did not influence the diversity and symbiont density in the line with low-density Cardinium. Moreover, high temperature influenced the functions of bacterial communities in whiteflies with high-density Cardinium but did not affect the bacterial functions in whiteflies with low-density Cardinium. Our results provide novel insights into the complex associations between symbionts and host insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peng-Hao Qin
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meng-Ying Yuan
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - You-Jun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Chu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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2
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Li H, Jiang Z, Zhou J, Liu X, Zhang Y, Chu D. Ecological Factors Associated with the Distribution of Bemisia tabaci Cryptic Species and Their Facultative Endosymbionts. INSECTS 2023; 14:252. [PMID: 36975937 PMCID: PMC10053707 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci species complex, comprises at least 44 morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species, whose endosymbiont infection patterns often varied at the spatial and temporal dimension. However, the effects of ecological factors (e.g., climatic or geographical factors) on the distribution of whitefly and the infection frequencies of their endosymbionts have not been fully elucidated. We, here, analyzed the associations between ecological factors and the distribution of whitefly and their three facultative endosymbionts (Candidatus Cardinium hertigii, Candidatus Hamiltonella defensa, and Rickettsia sp.) by screening 665 individuals collected from 29 geographical localities across China. The study identified eight B. tabaci species via mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene sequence alignment: two invasive species, MED (66.9%) and MEAM1 (12.2%), and six native cryptic species (20.9%), which differed in distribution patterns, ecological niches, and high suitability areas. The infection frequencies of the three endosymbionts in different cryptic species were distinct and multiple infections were relatively common in B. tabaci MED populations. Furthermore, the annual mean temperature positively affected Cardinium sp. and Rickettsia sp. infection frequencies in B. tabaci MED but negatively affected the quantitative distribution of B. tabaci MED, which indicates that Cardinium sp. and Rickettsia sp. maybe play a crucial role in the thermotolerance of B. tabaci MED, although the host whitefly per se exhibits no resistance to high temperature. Our findings revealed the complex effects of ecological factors on the expansion of the invasive whitefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongran Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 515100, China
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jincheng Zhou
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dong Chu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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3
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Lestari SM, Khatun MF, Acharya R, Sharma SR, Shrestha YK, Jahan SMH, Aye TT, Lynn OM, Win NKK, Hoat TX, Thi Dao H, Tsai CW, Lee J, Hwang HS, Kil EJ, Lee S, Kim SM, Lee KY. Genetic diversity of cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci in Asia. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21981. [PMID: 36331499 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci is a species complex consisting of various genetically different cryptic species worldwide. To understand the genetic characteristics and geographic distribution of cryptic species of B. tabaci in Asia, we conducted an extensive collection of B. tabaci samples in ten Asian countries (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Vietnam) from 2013 to 2020 and determined 56 different partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA. In addition, information on 129 COI sequences of B. tabaci identified from 16 Asian countries was downloaded from the GenBank database. Among the total 185 COI sequences of B. tabaci, the sequence variation reached to 19.68%. In addition, there were 31 cryptic species updated from 16 countries in Asia, that is, Asia I, Asia I India, Asia II (1-13), Asia III, Asia IV, Asia V, China 1-6, MEAM (1, 2, K), MED, Australia/Indonesia, Japan (1 and 2). Further, MED cryptic species consisted of 2 clades, Q1 and Q2. This study provides updated information to understand the genetic variation and geographic diversity of B. tabaci in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanti Mugi Lestari
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mst Fatema Khatun
- Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushant Raj Sharma
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | - S M Hemayet Jahan
- Department of Entomology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Tin-Tin Aye
- Department of Entomology, Yezin Agricultural University, Yezin, Myanmar
| | - Ohn Mar Lynn
- Department of Entomology, Yezin Agricultural University, Yezin, Myanmar
| | - Nang Kyu Kyu Win
- Department of Plant Pathology, Yezin Agricultural University, Yezin, Myanmar
| | | | - Hang Thi Dao
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Chi-Wei Tsai
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jangha Lee
- PT. Koreana Seed Indonesia, Kediri Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Hwal-Su Hwang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Plant Medicine, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sunkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mok Kim
- Plant Quarantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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4
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Venkataravanappa V, Kodandaram MH, Prasanna HC, Reddy MK, Reddy CNL. Unraveling different begomoviruses, DNA satellites and cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci and their endosymbionts in vegetable ecosystem. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105892. [PMID: 36502993 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci species complex contains more than 46 cryptic species. It has emerged as an important pest causing significant yield loss in many cultivated crops. This pest is also a vector for more than 100 species of begomoviruses, that are a major threat for the cultivation of many crops in different regions of the world. The relation between cryptic species of the B. tabaci species complex and associated begomoviruses that infect different crops remains unclear. In the present study, four cryptic species (Asia I, China 3, Asia II 5 and Asia II-1) of B. tabaci and four associated endosymbionts (Arsenophonus, Cardinium, Rickettsia and Wolbachia) were identified in different vegetable crops. The vector-based PCR detection revealed five different begomoviruses such as okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV), tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPalV), squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV), chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCuV), and tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). Of these begomoviruses, the maximum infection rate was observed (9.1%) for OELCuV, followed by 7.3% for ToLCNDV. The infection rate of the other three viruses (SLCCNV, ChiLCuV, ToLCPalV) ranged from 0.9 to 2.7% in cryptic species of B. tabaci. Further, each cryptic species was infected with multiple virus species and the virus infection rate of Asia I, Asia II-5, China 3 and Asia II-1 was 21.2%, 15.1%, 15.1% and 0.6% respectively. Similarly, in case of betasatellites the highest infection rate was 12% for ToLCBDB, followed by 6% for OLCuB and PaLCB. With regard to alphasatellites, the highest infection rate was 18.2% for AEV and 3% for CLCuMuA. This study demonstrates the distribution of cryptic species of whitefly and their endosymbionts, and associated begomoviruses and DNA satellites in vegetable ecosystem. We believe that the information generated here is useful for evolving an effective pest management strategies for vegetable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Venkataravanappa
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru, 560089, Karnataka, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - M H Kodandaram
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Regional Research Center, UAS Campus, Dharwad, 580005, Karnataka, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - H C Prasanna
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru, 560089, Karnataka, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Krishna Reddy
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru, 560089, Karnataka, India
| | - C N Lakshminarayana Reddy
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India
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Xue Y, Lin C, Wang Y, Liu W, Wan F, Zhang Y, Ji L. Predicting Climate Change Effects on the Potential Distribution of Two Invasive Cryptic Species of the Bemisia tabaci Species Complex in China. INSECTS 2022; 13:1081. [PMID: 36554991 PMCID: PMC9783486 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED) are two invasive cryptic species of the Bemisia tabaci species complex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) that cause serious damage to agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide. To explore the possible impact of climate change on their distribution, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to predict the potential distribution ranges of MEAM1 and MED in China under current and four future climate scenarios, using shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), namely SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5, over four time periods (2021-2040, 2041-2060, 2061-2080, and 2081-2100). The distribution ranges of MEAM1 and MED were extensive and similar in China under current climatic conditions, while their moderately and highly suitable habitat ranges differed. Under future climate scenarios, the areas of suitable habitat of different levels for MEAM1 and MED were predicted to increase to different degrees. However, the predicted expansion of suitable habitats varied between them, suggesting that these invasive cryptic species respond differently to climate change. Our results illustrate the difference in the effects of climate change on the geographical distribution of different cryptic species of B. tabaci and provide insightful information for further forecasting and managing the two invasive cryptic species in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Congtian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Basic Science Data Center, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yaozhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Wanxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liqiang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Tian J, Dewer Y, Qu C, Li F, Luo C. Heat-shock protein 70-a hub gene-underwent adaptive evolution involved in whitefly-wild tomato interaction. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4471-4479. [PMID: 35796079 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The whitefly Bemisia tabaci causes severe damage to cultivated tomato plants, but actively avoids the wild tomato Solanum habrochaites. Moreover, the mortality of whitefly increases significantly after feeding with the wild tomato. However, additional experiments are warranted to more carefully elucidate the specific molecular elements underlying the interaction between whitefly and wild tomato. RESULTS Our results showed that S. habrochaites significantly increases the mortality of whitefly adults and decreases both their fertility and fecundity. In addition, the expression of stress-response genes in whitefly after exposure to S. habrochaites was analyzed using RNA sequencing. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted to identify the hub genes to determine their potential associations with the mortality of whitefly. These results suggested that the expression of heat-shock protein (HSP), multicopper oxidase, and 2-Oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline (OHCU) decarboxylase genes were induced in whitefly. To validate the gene associations with whitefly mortality, a high-throughput in vivo model system and RNAi-based gene silencing were used. The results revealed that the RNAi-mediated depletion of the HSP gene, which belongs to the HSP70 subfamily, increased the mortality of whitefly. Furthermore, the selection pressure analysis showed that a total of five amino acid sites of positive selection were identified, three of which were located in the nucleotide-binding domain and the other two in the substrate-binding domain. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the potential implication of HSPs in whitefly-wild plant interactions. This study could more precisely identify the molecular mechanisms of whitefly in response to wild tomatoes. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Phytotoxicity Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Cheng Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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N’cho AJ, Seka K, Assiri KP, Simiand C, Otron DH, Ochou G, Konan KAJ, Kouadio MF, Fondio L, Atta Diallo H, Martin T, Delatte H. Genetic diversity of whitefly species of the Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) species complex, associated with vegetable crops in Côte d'Ivoire. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276993. [PMID: 36315574 PMCID: PMC9621431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Since several years, whiteflies of the species complex of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) are causing several damages on vegetable crops in Côte d’Ivoire. These sap-sucking insects are the main vector of many viruses on tomato and several species of this complex have developed resistances against insecticides. Nevertheless, there is very little information about whitefly species on vegetable crops in Côte d’Ivoire. Here, we investigated the species diversity and their genetic diversity and structuring on samples from vegetable crops in the major tomato production areas of Côte d’Ivoire. To assess this diversity, 535 whitefly samples from different localities and plant species were collected and analysed with nuclear (microsatellite) and mitochondrial (mtCOI) markers. In each site, and ecological data were recorded, including whiteflies abundance and plant species colonised by B. tabaci. The analysis of mtCOI sequences of whiteflies indicated the presence of four cryptic species on tomato and associated crops in Côte d’Ivoire. These were MED ASL, MED Q1, SSA 1 and SSA3. The MED ASL species dominated over all samples in the different regions and plant species. One haplotype of MED ASL out of the 15 identified predominated on most plant species and most sites. These results suggested that MED ASL is probably the main phytovirus vector in the Ivorian vegetable cropping areas. In contrast, only five haplotypes of MED Q1 were identified on vegetables but in the cotton-growing areas of the country. Its low prevalence, low nuclear and mitochondrial diversity might indicate a recent invasion of this species on vegetable crops in Côte d’Ivoire. The Bayesian nuclear analysis indicated the presence of hybrid genotypes between the two main species MED ASL and MED Q1, however in low prevalence (10%). All these results highlight the need to maintain whitefly populations monitoring for a more effective management in Côte d’Ivoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthelme-Jocelin N’cho
- Cirad, UMR PVBMT, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
- Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- National Center for Agricultural Research (CNRA), Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
- University of Montpellier, Cirad, UR Hortsys, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (AJN); (HD)
| | - Koutoua Seka
- Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | | | | | | | - Germain Ochou
- National Center for Agricultural Research (CNRA), Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Kouassi Arthur Jocelin Konan
- National Center for Agricultural Research (CNRA), Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
- Felix Houphouet Boigny University of Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Marie-France Kouadio
- National Center for Agricultural Research (CNRA), Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
- Felix Houphouet Boigny University of Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Lassina Fondio
- National Center for Agricultural Research (CNRA), Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | | | - Thibaud Martin
- University of Montpellier, Cirad, UR Hortsys, Montpellier, France
- Felix Houphouet Boigny University of Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Hélène Delatte
- Cirad, UMR PVBMT, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- * E-mail: (AJN); (HD)
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Leiva AM, Chittarath K, Lopez-Alvarez D, Vongphachanh P, Gomez MI, Sengsay S, Wang XW, Rodriguez R, Newby J, Cuellar WJ. Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Associated with Cassava in Lao PDR. INSECTS 2022; 13:861. [PMID: 36292809 PMCID: PMC9604212 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) caused by Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV), has rapidly spread in Southeast Asia (SEA) since 2016. Recently it has been documented in Lao PDR. Previous reports have identified whitefly species of B. tabaci as potential vectors of CMD in SEA, but their occurrence and distribution in cassava fields is not well known. We conducted a countrywide survey in Lao PDR for adult whiteflies in cassava fields, and determined the abundance and genetic diversity of the B. tabaci species complex using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) sequencing. In order to expedite the process, PCR amplifications were performed directly on whitefly adults without DNA extraction, and mtCOI sequences obtained using nanopore portable-sequencing technology. Low whitefly abundances and two cryptic species of the B. tabaci complex, Asia II 1 and Asia II 6, were identified. This is the first work on abundance and genetic identification of whiteflies associated with cassava in Lao PDR. This study indicates currently only a secondary role for Asia II in spreading CMD or as a pest. Routine monitoring and transmission studies on Asia II 6 should be carried out to establish its potential role as a vector of SLCMV in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Leiva
- Cassava Program, Crops for Nutrition and Health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), The Americas Hub, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia
| | - Khonesavanh Chittarath
- Plant Protection Center (PPC), Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane P.O. Box 811, Laos
| | - Diana Lopez-Alvarez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia UNAL-Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia
| | - Pinkham Vongphachanh
- Plant Protection Center (PPC), Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane P.O. Box 811, Laos
| | - Maria Isabel Gomez
- Cassava Program, Crops for Nutrition and Health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), The Americas Hub, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia
| | - Somkhit Sengsay
- Plant Protection Center (PPC), Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane P.O. Box 811, Laos
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rafael Rodriguez
- Cassava Program, Crops for Nutrition and Health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), The Americas Hub, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia
| | - Jonathan Newby
- Cassava Program Asia Office, Crops for Nutrition and Health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Laos Country Office, Vientiane P.O. Box 783, Laos
| | - Wilmer J. Cuellar
- Cassava Program, Crops for Nutrition and Health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), The Americas Hub, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia
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Gautam S, Mugerwa H, Buck JW, Dutta B, Coolong T, Adkins S, Srinivasan R. Differential Transmission of Old and New World Begomoviruses by Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED) Cryptic Species of Bemisia tabaci. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051104. [PMID: 35632844 PMCID: PMC9146840 DOI: 10.3390/v14051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED) are two of the most invasive members of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, cryptic species complexes and are efficient vectors of begomoviruses. Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 is the predominant vector of begomoviruses in open-field vegetable crops in the southeastern United States. However, recently B. tabaci MED also has been detected in the landscape outside of greenhouses in Florida and Georgia. This study compared the transmission efficiency of one Old-World (OW) and two New-World (NW) begomoviruses prevalent in the southeastern United States, viz.., tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV), and sida golden mosaic virus (SiGMV) between B. tabaci MEAM1 and B. tabaci MED. Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 efficiently transmitted TYLCV, CuLCrV, or SiGMV, whereas B. tabaci MED only transmitted TYLCV. Percent acquisition and retention of OW TYLCV following a 72 h acquisition access period was significantly higher for B. tabaci MED than B. tabaci MEAM1. In contrast, B. tabaci MEAM1 acquired and retained significantly more NW bipartite begomoviruses, CuLCrV or SiGMV, than B. tabaci MED. Quantitative analysis (qPCR) of virus DNA in whitefly internal tissues revealed reduced accumulation of CuLCrV or SiGMV in B. tabaci MED than in B. tabaci MEAM1. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) showed localization of CuLCrV or SiGMV in the midgut of B. tabaci MED and B. tabaci MEAM1. However, localization of CuLCrV or SiGMV was only observed in the primary salivary glands of B. tabaci MEAM1 and not B. tabaci MED. TYLCV localization was observed in all internal tissues of B. tabaci MEAM1 and B. tabaci MED. Overall, results demonstrate that both B. tabaci MEAM1 and B. tabaci MED are efficient vectors of OW TYLCV. However, for the NW begomoviruses, CuLCrV and SiGMV, B. tabaci MEAM1 seems to a better vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Gautam
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (S.G.); (H.M.)
| | - Habibu Mugerwa
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (S.G.); (H.M.)
| | - James W. Buck
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA;
| | - Bhabesh Dutta
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, 3250 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA 31793, USA;
| | - Tim Coolong
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 3250 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA 31793, USA;
| | - Scott Adkins
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA;
| | - Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (S.G.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Distribution of invasive versus native whitefly species and their pyrethroid knock-down resistance allele in a context of interspecific hybridization. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8448. [PMID: 35589927 PMCID: PMC9120063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasion success of a species in an agrosystem is greatly influenced by environmental factors such as the use of insecticides, by the intrinsic evolutionary capabilities of the species, and also by interactions with resident species. On the island of La Réunion, the successive invasions of MEAM1 and MED whitefly species over the last 20 years have not only led an increased use of insecticides, but have also challenged the resident IO species. To trace the evolution of the 3 species, and the distribution of the kdr mutation (resistance to pyrethroid) in the para-type voltage-gated sodium channel, we genotyped 41 populations (using neutral nuclear markers) and look at the prevalence of the kdr allele. MEAM1 was predominantly present in agrosystems showing quasi fixation of the resistant kdr allele whereas IO was mainly in natural environments and did not have any resistant allele. Hybridization between the two former species was detected in low frequency but has not led to introgression of resistant alleles in the resident species so far. MED showed a limited distribution in agrosystems but all individuals displayed a resistant allele. These highly contrasting patterns of distribution and resistant mutations between invasive and resident whitefly species are further discussed.
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11
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Benhamou S, Rahioui I, Henri H, Charles H, Da Silva P, Heddi A, Vavre F, Desouhant E, Calevro F, Mouton L. Cytotype Affects the Capability of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED Species To Feed and Oviposit on an Unfavorable Host Plant. mBio 2021; 12:e0073021. [PMID: 34781749 PMCID: PMC8593682 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00730-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of nutritional obligate primary endosymbionts (P-symbionts) allowed phloemo-phageous insects to feed on plant sap and thus colonize novel ecological niches. P-symbionts often coexist with facultative secondary endosymbionts (S-symbionts), which may also influence their hosts' niche utilization ability. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a highly diversified species complex harboring, in addition to the P-symbiont "Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum," seven S-symbionts whose roles remain poorly understood. Here, we compare the phenotypic and metabolic responses of three B. tabaci lines differing in their S-symbiont community, reared on three different host plants, hibiscus, tobacco, or lantana, and address whether and how S-symbionts influence insect capacity to feed and produce offspring on those plants. We first show that hibiscus, tobacco, and lantana differ in their free amino acid composition. Insects' performance, as well as free amino acid profile and symbiotic load, were shown to be plant dependent, suggesting a critical role for the plant nutritional properties. Insect fecundity was significantly lower on lantana, indicating that it is the least favorable plant. Remarkably, insects reared on this plant show a specific amino acid profile and a higher symbiont density compared to the two other plants. In addition, this plant was the only one for which fecundity differences were observed between lines. Using genetically homogeneous hybrids, we demonstrate that cytotype (mitochondria and symbionts), and not genotype, is a major determinant of females' fecundity and amino acid profile on lantana. As cytotypes differ in their S-symbiont community, we propose that these symbionts may mediate their hosts' suitable plant range. IMPORTANCE Microbial symbionts are universal in eukaryotes, and it is now recognized that symbiotic associations represent major evolutionary driving forces. However, the extent to which symbionts contribute to their hosts' ecological adaptation and subsequent diversification is far from being fully elucidated. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a sap feeder associated with multiple coinfecting intracellular facultative symbionts. Here, we show that plant species simultaneously affect whiteflies' performance, amino acid profile, and symbiotic density, which could be partially explained by differences in plant nutritional properties. We also demonstrate that, on lantana, the least favorable plant used in our study, whiteflies' performance is determined by their cytotype. We propose that the host plant utilization in B. tabaci is influenced by its facultative symbiont community composition, possibly through its impact on the host dietary requirements. Altogether, our data provide new insights into the impact of intracellular microorganisms on their animal hosts' ecological niche range and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Benhamou
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
- Univ Lyon, INRAE, INSA Lyon, BF2I, UMR 203, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Rahioui
- Univ Lyon, INRAE, INSA Lyon, BF2I, UMR 203, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hélène Henri
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hubert Charles
- Univ Lyon, INRAE, INSA Lyon, BF2I, UMR 203, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pedro Da Silva
- Univ Lyon, INRAE, INSA Lyon, BF2I, UMR 203, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abdelaziz Heddi
- Univ Lyon, INRAE, INSA Lyon, BF2I, UMR 203, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabrice Vavre
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Desouhant
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Federica Calevro
- Univ Lyon, INRAE, INSA Lyon, BF2I, UMR 203, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurence Mouton
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
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12
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Bertin S, Parrella G, Nannini M, Guercio G, Troiano E, Tomassoli L. Distribution and Genetic Variability of Bemisia tabaci Cryptic Species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Italy. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060521. [PMID: 34199806 PMCID: PMC8229085 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci is a key pest of horticultural, fibre and ornamental crops worldwide, primarily as a vector of plant viruses. In Italy, B. tabaci has established since the 1980s-1990s in southern regions as well as in Sicily and Sardinia. Recent reports of infestations in some areas of central Italy prompted a new survey to assess the whitefly distribution in the country as well as to update the species and haplotype composition of the populations present in southern Italy and in the main islands. The survey confirmed that B. tabaci is nowadays established in central Italy even at more northern latitudes than those noticed before. Most of the specimens collected throughout the country belonged to the Mediterranean (MED) species. The MEDQ1 and Q2 haplogroups were prevailing in open-field and greenhouse cultivations, respectively, except in Sardinia where only Q1 specimens were found on a wide range of crops and weeds. Population genetics analyses showed that several MEDQ1 haplotypes currently occur in Italy and their distribution is unrelated to evident temporal and geographic trends, except for a new genetic variant which seems to have originated in Sardinia. The MED species is known to better adapt to insecticide treatments and high temperatures, and its northward spread in Italy may have been favoured by the intensive agricultural practices and steady increase in both winter and summer temperatures occurring in the last few decades. The extensive presence of B. tabaci in Italy proves that a strict surveillance for possible new outbreaks of whitefly-transmitted viruses should be addressed to a range of sites that are expanding northwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bertin
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via C.G. Bertero 22, 00156 Rome, Italy; (G.G.); (L.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-8207-0242
| | - Giuseppe Parrella
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, Napoli, 80055 Portici, Italy; (G.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Mauro Nannini
- Agris Sardegna, Servizio Ricerca Studi Ambientali, Difesa delle Colture e Qualità Delle Produzioni, Viale Trieste 111, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Guercio
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via C.G. Bertero 22, 00156 Rome, Italy; (G.G.); (L.T.)
| | - Elisa Troiano
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, Napoli, 80055 Portici, Italy; (G.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Laura Tomassoli
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via C.G. Bertero 22, 00156 Rome, Italy; (G.G.); (L.T.)
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13
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Lv N, Peng J, Chen XY, Guo CF, Sang W, Wang XM, Ahmed MZ, Xu YY, Qiu BL. Antagonistic interaction between male-killing and cytoplasmic incompatibility induced by Cardinium and Wolbachia in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:330-346. [PMID: 32339445 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardinium and Wolbachia are maternally inherited bacterial symbionts of arthropods that can manipulate host reproduction by increasing the fitness of infected females. Here, we report that Cardinium and Wolbachia coinfection induced male-killing and cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) when they coexisted in a cryptic species of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Asia II7. Cardinium and Wolbachia symbionts were either singly or simultaneously localized in the bacteriocytes placed in the abdomen of B. tabaci nymphs and adults. Cardinium-Wolbachia coinfection induced male-killing and resulted in a higher female sex ratio in the intraspecific amphigenetic progeny of Asia II7 ICWH and ICWL lines; interestingly, male-killing induction was enhanced with increased Cardinium titer. Moreover, single infection of Wolbachia induced partial CI in the Asia II7 IW line and resulted in reduced fecundity, higher embryonic mortality, and lower female sex ratio. The uninfected Asia II7 IU line had significantly higher fecundity, lower embryonic and nymphal mortalities, and a lower level of CI than both the Wolbachia-infected Asia II7 IW line and the Cardinium-Wolbachia-coinfected Asia II7 ICWH line. Our findings indicate that Cardinium-Wolbachia coinfection induced male-killing, which may have had antagonistic effects on Wolbachia-induced CI in the Asia II7 whiteflies. For the first time, our study revealed that B. tabaci Asia II7 reproduction is co-manipulated by Cardinium and Wolbachia endosymbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Sang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Muhammad Z Ahmed
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 1911 SW 34th Street, Gainesville, USA
| | - Yong-Yu Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong Province, China
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14
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Malka O, Feldmesser E, van Brunschot S, Santos‐Garcia D, Han W, Seal S, Colvin J, Morin S. The molecular mechanisms that determine different degrees of polyphagy in the Bemisia tabaci species complex. Evol Appl 2021; 14:807-820. [PMID: 33767754 PMCID: PMC7980310 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a closely related group of >35 cryptic species that feed on the phloem sap of a broad range of host plants. Species in the complex differ in their host-range breadth, but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. We investigated, therefore, how six different B. tabaci species cope with the environmental unpredictability presented by a set of four common and novel host plants. Behavioral studies indicated large differences in performances on the four hosts and putative specialization of one of the species to cassava plants. Transcriptomic analyses revealed two main insights. First, a large set of genes involved in metabolism (>85%) showed differences in expression between the six species, and each species could be characterized by its own unique expression pattern of metabolic genes. However, within species, these genes were constitutively expressed, with a low level of environmental responsiveness (i.e., to host change). Second, within each species, sets of genes mainly associated with the super-pathways "environmental information processing" and "organismal systems" responded to the host switching events. These included genes encoding for proteins involved in sugar homeostasis, signal transduction, membrane transport, and immune, endocrine, sensory and digestive responses. Our findings suggested that the six B. tabaci species can be divided into four performance/transcriptomic "Types" and that polyphagy can be achieved in multiple ways. However, polyphagy level is determined by the specific identity of the metabolic genes/pathways that are enriched and overexpressed in each species (the species' individual metabolic "tool kit").
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Malka
- Department of EntomologyThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Department of Biological ServicesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Sharon van Brunschot
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichKentUK
- School of Biological Sciencesthe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | | | - Wen‐Hao Han
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and InsectsInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Susan Seal
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichKentUK
| | - John Colvin
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichKentUK
| | - Shai Morin
- Department of EntomologyThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
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15
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Bemisia tabaci on Vegetables in the Southern United States: Incidence, Impact, and Management. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12030198. [PMID: 33652635 PMCID: PMC7996905 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, was initially discovered in the United States in 1894 but was not considered an economic insect pest on various agricultural crops across the southern and western states. After the introduction of B. tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) into the United States around 1985, the insect rapidly spread throughout the Southern United States to Texas, Arizona, and California. Extreme field outbreaks occurred on vegetable and other crops in those areas. The sweetpotato whitefly is now regarded as one of the most destructive insect pests in vegetable production systems in the Southern United States. The direct and indirect plant damage caused by B. tabaci has led to substantial economic losses in vegetable crops. Bemisia tabaci outbreaks on vegetables in Georgia resulted in significant economic losses of 132.3 and 161.2 million US dollars (USD) in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Therefore, integrated pest management (IPM) tactics are warranted, including cultural control by manipulation of production practices, resistant vegetable varieties, biological control using various natural enemies, and the judicious use of insecticides. Abstract Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is among the most economically important insect pests of various vegetable crops in the Southern United States. This insect is considered a complex of at least 40 morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species. Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) was initially introduced in the United States around 1985 and has since rapidly spread across the Southern United States to Texas, Arizona, and California, where extreme field outbreaks have occurred on vegetable and other crops. This pest creates extensive plant damage through direct feeding on vegetables, secreting honeydew, causing plant physiological disorders, and vectoring plant viruses. The direct and indirect plant damage in vegetable crops has resulted in enormous economic losses in the Southern United States, especially in Florida, Georgia, and Texas. Effective management of B. tabaci on vegetables relies mainly on the utilization of chemical insecticides, particularly neonicotinoids. However, B. tabaci has developed considerable resistance to most insecticides. Therefore, alternative integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are required, such as cultural control by manipulation of production practices, resistant vegetable varieties, and biological control using a suite of natural enemies for the management of the pest.
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Mishra GP, Dikshit HK, S. V. R, Tripathi K, Kumar RR, Aski M, Singh A, Roy A, Priti, Kumari N, Dasgupta U, Kumar A, Praveen S, Nair RM. Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD) of Mungbean ( Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek): Current Status and Management Opportunities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:918. [PMID: 32670329 PMCID: PMC7327115 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 03/30/2024]
Abstract
Globally, yellow mosaic disease (YMD) remains a major constraint of mungbean production, and management of this deadly disease is still the biggest challenge. Thus, finding ways to manage YMD including development of varieties possessing resistance against mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) and mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) is a research priority for mungbean crop. Characterization of YMD resistance using various advanced molecular and biochemical approaches during plant-virus interactions has unfolded a comprehensive network of pathogen survival, disease severity, and the response of plants to pathogen attack, including mechanisms of YMD resistance in mungbean. The biggest challenge in YMD management is the effective utilization of an array of information gained so far, in an integrated manner for the development of genotypes having durable resistance against yellow mosaic virus (YMV) infection. In this backdrop, this review summarizes the role of various begomoviruses, its genomic components, and vector whiteflies, including cryptic species in the YMD expression. Also, information about the genetics of YMD in both mungbean and blackgram crops is comprehensively presented, as both the species are crossable, and same viral strains are also found affecting these crops. Also, implications of various management strategies including the use of resistance sources, the primary source of inoculums and vector management, wide-hybridization, mutation breeding, marker-assisted selection (MAS), and pathogen-derived resistance (PDR) are thoroughly discussed. Finally, the prospects of employing various powerful emerging tools like translational genomics, and gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 are also highlighted to complete the YMD management perspective in mungbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan P. Mishra
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh K. Dikshit
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh S. V.
- Division of Physiology, Biochemistry and PHT, ICAR-Central Plantation, Kasaragod, India
| | - Kuldeep Tripathi
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjeet R. Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Muraleedhar Aski
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anirban Roy
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Priti
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikki Kumari
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Uttarayan Dasgupta
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramakrishnan M. Nair
- World Vegetable Center, South Asia, ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
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Khatun MF, Hwang HS, Shim JK, Kil EJ, Lee S, Lee KY. Identification of begomoviruses from different cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci in Bangladesh. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104069. [PMID: 32061918 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci is a global species complex consisting of at least 40 cryptic species. It is also a vector for at least 100 species of begomovirus, many of which cause severe crop damage. The relationship between begomoviruses and cryptic species of the B. tabaci species complex, however, remains unclear. Our previous study [13] was identified four cryptic species (Asia I, Asia II 1, Asia II 5, and Asia II 10) of B. tabaci from Bangladesh. Using those 110 whitefly samples, vector-based PCR analysis identified 8 different begomovirus species: BYVMV, BGYVV, OELCV, SLCCV, SLCV, TbCSV, ToLCBV, and ToLCNDV. The overall rate of virus infection was 26.4%, and BYVMV and ToLCNDV were the most frequently detected in the B. tabaci vector. Virus infection rates for Asia I, Asia II 1, Asia II 5, and Asia II 10 were 22.4% (15/67), 35% (7/20), 27.3% (6/22), and 100% (1/1), respectively. Each cryptic species infected multiple virus species, but SLCCV, TbCSV, and BGYVV were each only detected in, Asia I, Asia II 1, and Asia II 5, respectively. This study demonstrates the geographic distribution of various begomoviruses in Bangladesh and their relationships with cryptic species of B. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Fatema Khatun
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hwal-Su Hwang
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyoung Shim
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Competitive Displacement between Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 and MED and Evidence for Multiple Invasions of MED. INSECTS 2019; 11:insects11010035. [PMID: 31906186 PMCID: PMC7022974 DOI: 10.3390/insects11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the severe ecological damage and economic loss caused by invasive species, the factors contributing to successful invasion or displacement remain elusive. The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is an important invasive agricultural pest worldwide, causing severe damage to numerous crops by feeding or transmitting plant viruses. In this study, we monitored the dynamics of two invasive whitefly cryptic species, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED), in Jiangsu, China, from 2005-2016. We found that B. tabaci MED quickly established and asserted dominance over MEAM1, resulting in their population displacement in Jiangsu in only three years (from 2005 to 2008). We further investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the successful invasion and competitive displacement from a genetic perspective. Based on sequencing of mitochondrial gene sequences from large numbers of whitefly samples, multiple invasion events of MED were validated by our genetic analyses. MED invaded Jiangsu starting from multiple introduction sites with secondary and/or subsequent invasive events. This may favor their invasion and displacement of MEAM1. This study advances our understanding of the mechanisms that enabled the successful invasion of MED.
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Khatun MF, Shim JK, Lee KY. Genetic diversity and host relationships of endosymbiotic bacteria in the Asian cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci from Bangladesh. Symbiosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-019-00622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Genetic diversity and host relationships of endosymbiotic bacteria in the Asian cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci from Bangladesh. Symbiosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-019-00625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Kanakala S, Ghanim M. Global genetic diversity and geographical distribution of Bemisia tabaci and its bacterial endosymbionts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213946. [PMID: 30889213 PMCID: PMC6424426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci is one of the most threatening pests in agriculture, causing significant losses to many important crops on a global scale. The dramatic increase and availability of sequence data for B. tabaci species complex and its bacterial endosymbionts is critical for developing emerging sustainable pest management strategies which are based on pinpointing the global diversity of this important pest and its bacterial endosymbionts. To unravel the global genetic diversity of B. tabaci species complex focusing on its associated endosymbionts, along with Israeli whitefly populations collected in this study, we combined available sequences in databases, resulting in a total of 4,253 mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) sequences from 82 countries and 1,226 16S/23S rRNA endosymbiont sequences from 32 countries that were analyzed. Using Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, we identified two new B. tabaci groups within the species complex and described the global distribution of endosymbionts within this complex. Our analyses revealed complex divergence of the different endosymbiont sequences within the species complex, with overall one Hamiltonella, two Porteria (P1 and P2), two Arsenophonus (A1 and A2), two Wolbachia (super-groups O and B), four Cardinium (C1-C4) and three Rickettsia (R1-R3) groups were identified. Our comprehensive analysis provides an updated important resource for this globally important pest and its secondary symbionts, which have been a major subject for research in last three decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surapathrudu Kanakala
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization—the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization—the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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22
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Guo Q, Shu YN, Liu C, Chi Y, Liu YQ, Wang XW. Transovarial transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus by seven species of the Bemisia tabaci complex indigenous to China: Not all whiteflies are the same. Virology 2019; 531:240-247. [PMID: 30933715 PMCID: PMC6990403 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Begomoviruses contain some of the most damaging viral disease agents of crops worldwide, and are transmitted by whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci species complex. During the last 20 years, transovarial transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) has been reported in two invasive species of the B. tabaci complex. To further decipher the importance of this mode of transmission, we analyzed transovarial transmission of TYLCV by seven whitefly species indigenous to China. TYLCV virions were detected in eggs of all species except one, and in nymphs of two species, but in none of the ensuing adults of all seven species. Our results suggest that these indigenous whiteflies are unable to transmit TYLCV, a begomovirus alien to China, via ova to produce future generations of viruliferous adults, although most of the species exhibit varying ability to carry over the virus to the eggs/nymphs of their offspring via transovarial transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan-Ni Shu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yao Chi
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yin-Quan Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Khatun MF, Jahan SMH, Lee S, Lee KY. Genetic diversity and geographic distribution of the Bemisia tabaci species complex in Bangladesh. Acta Trop 2018; 187:28-36. [PMID: 30055176 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a species complex consisting of at least 40 cryptic species. Although the genetic diversity of B. tabaci has been studied in various regions, little is known about distribution in Bangladesh, which is covered by the Bengal delta, the largest delta on Earth. We conducted an extensive survey throughout the country and determined the nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) from 110 individuals. We then examined phylogenetic relationships. The results identified four cryptic species that expressed distinct interspecific variation but low intraspecific variation. Asia I was the most abundant, both Asia II 1 and Asia II 5 were moderately abundant, and Asia II 10 was found only in the central region. COI sequences of each cryptic species were distinctive and differentiated into many haplotypes. Our study provides important information to better understand the genetic diversity and geographic distribution of cryptic species in Bangladesh and nearby countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Khatun
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S M H Jahan
- Department of Entomology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Tang XT, Cai L, Shen Y, Du YZ. Diversity and evolution of the endosymbionts of Bemisia tabaci in China. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5516. [PMID: 30186690 PMCID: PMC6119459 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a cryptic species complex, including members that are pests of global importance. This study presents a screening of B. tabaci species in China for infection by the primary endosymbiont, Portiera aleyrodidarum, and two secondary endosymbionts, Arsenophonus and Cardinium. The results showed that P. aleyrodidarum was detected in all B. tabaci individuals, while Arsenophonus was abundant in indigenous species of B. tabaci Asia II 1, Asia II 3, and China 1 but absent in the invasive species, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1); Cardinium presented in the Mediterranean (MED), Asia II 1 and Asia II 3 species but was rarely detected in the MEAM1 and China 1 species. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses revealed that the P. aleyrodidarum and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (mtCO1) phylograms were similar and corresponding with the five distinct cryptic species clades to some extent, probably indicating an ancient infection followed by vertical transmission and subsequent co-evolutionary diversification. In contrast, the phylogenetic trees of Arsenophonus and Cardinium were incongruent with the mtCO1 phylogram, potentially indicating horizontal transmission in B. tabaci cryptic species complex. Taken together, our study showed the distinct infection status of endosymbionts in invasive and indigenous whiteflies; we also most likely indicated the co-evolution of primary endosymbiont and its host as well as the potential horizontal transfer of secondary endosymbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tian Tang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Li Cai
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Agriculture and Forestry Bureau of Binhu District, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Vyskočilová S, Tay WT, van Brunschot S, Seal S, Colvin J. An integrative approach to discovering cryptic species within the Bemisia tabaci whitefly species complex. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10886. [PMID: 30022040 PMCID: PMC6052153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci is a cryptic whitefly-species complex that includes some of the most damaging pests and plant-virus vectors of a diverse range of food and fibre crops worldwide. We combine experimental evidence of: (i) differences in reproductive compatibility, (ii) hybrid verification using a specific nuclear DNA marker and hybrid fertility confirmation and (iii) high-throughput sequencing-derived mitogenomes, to show that the "Mediterranean" (MED) B. tabaci comprises at least two distinct biological species; the globally invasive MED from the Mediterranean Basin and the "African silver-leafing" (ASL) from sub-Saharan Africa, which has no associated invasion records. We demonstrate that, contrary to its common name, the "ASL" does not induce squash silver-leafing symptoms and show that species delimitation based on the widely applied 3.5% partial mtCOI gene sequence divergence threshold produces discordant results, depending on the mtCOI region selected. Of the 292 published mtCOI sequences from MED/ASL groups, 158 (54%) are low quality and/or potential pseudogenes. We demonstrate fundamental deficiencies in delimiting cryptic B. tabaci species, based solely on partial sequences of a mitochondrial barcoding gene. We advocate an integrative approach to reveal the true species richness within cryptic species complexes, which is integral to the deployment of effective pest and disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Vyskočilová
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
| | - Wee Tek Tay
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sharon van Brunschot
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Susan Seal
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - John Colvin
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
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26
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Islam W, Akutse KS, Qasim M, Khan KA, Ghramh HA, Idrees A, Latif S. Bemisia tabaci-mediated facilitation in diversity of begomoviruses: Evidence from recent molecular studies. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:162-168. [PMID: 30017827 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Begomoviruses are considered as one of the most notorious plant viruses worldwide, which cause substantial economic losses to various field crops. Management of begomoviruses has become a challenge due to the continuous evolution and the emergence of new strains. Bemisia tabaci is globally known to be the key vector of begomoviruses, having relatively high reproductivity, fast dispersal ability, high survival rate due to its polyphagous nature and high resistance to various groups of insecticides. Continuous transmission of begomoviruses by the vector has led to the development and spread of epidemics of various diseases worldwide. In this review, we have critically analyzed the various dynamics which facilitate the diversity of begomoviruses through their vector. The interaction of begomovirus-whitefly leads to continuous research activities regarding management of both virus and its vector, thus opening exciting new horizons to formulate potential control strategies to ensure a disease-free cropping environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Govt. of Punjab, Agriculture Department, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P. O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed A Ghramh
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Idrees
- Institute of Beneficial Insects, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Shahid Latif
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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27
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Skaljac M, Kanakala S, Zanic K, Puizina J, Pleic IL, Ghanim M. Diversity and Phylogenetic Analyses of Bacterial Symbionts in Three Whitefly Species from Southeast Europe. INSECTS 2017; 8:insects8040113. [PMID: 29053633 PMCID: PMC5746796 DOI: 10.3390/insects8040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), and Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) are whitefly species that harm agricultural crops in many regions of the world. These insects live in close association with bacterial symbionts that affect host fitness and adaptation to the environment. In the current study, we surveyed the infection of whitefly populations in Southeast Europe by various bacterial symbionts and performed phylogenetic analyses on the different symbionts detected. Arsenophonus and Hamiltonella were the most prevalent symbionts in all three whitefly species. Rickettsia was found to infect mainly B. tabaci, while Wolbachia mainly infected both B. tabaci and S. phillyreae. Furthermore, Cardinium was rarely found in the investigated whitefly populations, while Fritschea was never found in any of the whitefly species tested. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a diversity of several symbionts (e.g., Hamiltonella, Arsenophonus, Rickettsia), which appeared in several clades. Reproductively isolated B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum shared the same (or highly similar) Hamiltonella and Arsenophonus, while these symbionts were distinctive in S. phillyreae. Interestingly, Arsenophonus from S. phillyreae did not cluster with any of the reported sequences, which could indicate the presence of Arsenophonus, not previously associated with whiteflies. In this study, symbionts (Wolbachia, Rickettsia, and Cardinium) known to infect a wide range of insects each clustered in the same clades independently of the whitefly species. These results indicate horizontal transmission of bacterial symbionts between reproductively isolated whitefly species, a mechanism that can establish new infections that did not previously exist in whiteflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Skaljac
- Department of Applied Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops, Put Duilova 11, Split 21000, Croatia.
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Protection, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Bioresources Project Group, Winchesterstrasse 2, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Surapathrudu Kanakala
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Protection, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Katja Zanic
- Department of Applied Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops, Put Duilova 11, Split 21000, Croatia.
| | - Jasna Puizina
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Rudera Boskovica 33, Split 21000, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Lepen Pleic
- Laboratory for Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Setaliste Ivana Mestrovica 62, Split 21000, Croatia.
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Protection, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
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