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Huang X, Yuan S, Ling Y, Tan S, Cheng H, Xu A, Lyu J. Association of birthweight and risk of incident dementia: a prospective cohort study. GeroScience 2024; 46:3845-3859. [PMID: 38436791 PMCID: PMC11226576 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the epidemiological studies investigating the relationship between birthweight and dementia are limited. Our study aimed to explore the association between birthweight and the risk of dementia, cognitive function, and brain structure. We included 275,648 participants from the UK Biobank, categorizing birthweight into quartiles (Q1 ≤ 2.95 kg; Q2 > 2.95 kg, ≤ 3.32 kg; Q3 > 3.32 kg, ≤ 3.66 kg; Q4 > 3.66 kg), with Q3 as the reference. Cox regression models and restricted cubic splines estimated the relationship between birthweight and the risk of all causes of dementia (ACD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VD). Multivariable linear regression models assessed the relationship between birthweight, cognitive function, and MRI biomarkers. Over a median follow-up of 13.0 years, 3103 incident dementia cases were recorded. In the fully adjusted model, compared to Q3 (> 3.32 kg, ≤ 3.66 kg), lower birthweight in Q1 (≤ 2.95 kg) was significantly associated with increased risk of ACD (HR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.06-1.30, P = 0.001) and VD (HR = 1.32, 95%CI 1.07-1.62, P = 0.010), but no significant association with AD was found. Continuous birthweight showed a U-shaped nonlinear association with dementia. Lower birthweight was associated with worse performance in cognitive tasks, including reaction time, fluid intelligence, numeric, and prospective memory. Additionally, certain brain structure indices were identified, including brain atrophy and reductions in area, thickness, and volume of regional subcortical areas. Our study emphasizes the association between lower birthweight and increased dementia risk, correlating cognitive function and MRI biomarkers of brain structure, suggesting that in utero or early-life exposures might impact cognitive health in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shiqi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yitong Ling
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shanyuan Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hongtao Cheng
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Anding Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Ding Q, Li X, Rakesh D, Peng S, Xu J, Chen J, Jiang N, Luo Y, Li X, Qin S, Whittle S. The influence of maternal and paternal parenting on adolescent brain structure. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00171-X. [PMID: 38960280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents raised in families with different maternal and paternal parenting combinations exhibit variations in neurocognition and psychopathology; however, whether neural differences exist remains unexplored. This study used a longitudinal twin sample to delineate how different parenting combinations influence adolescent brain structure and to elucidate the genetic contribution. METHODS A cohort of 216 twins participated in parenting assessments during early adolescence and underwent MRI scanning during middle adolescence. We utilized latent profile analysis to distinguish between various maternal and paternal parenting profiles and subsequently investigated their influences on brain anatomy. Biometric analysis was applied to assess the genetic influences on brain structure, and associations with internalizing symptoms were explored. RESULTS In early adolescence, four parenting profiles emerged characterized by levels of harshness and hostility in one or both parents. Compared to adolescents in "catparent" families (low harshness/hostility in both parents), those raised in "tigermom" families (harsh/hostile mother only) exhibited smaller nucleus accumbens volume and larger temporal cortex surface area; those in "tigerdad" families demonstrated larger thalamus volumes; those in "tigerparent" families displayed smaller volumes in the mid-anterior corpus callosum. Genetic risk factors contributed significantly to the observed brain structural heterogeneity and internalizing symptoms. However, the influences of parenting profiles and brain structure on internalizing symptoms were not significant. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore distinct brain structural features linked to maternal and paternal parenting combinations, particularly in terms of subcortical volume and cortical surface area. This study suggests an interdependent role of maternal and paternal parenting in shaping adolescent neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Divyangana Rakesh
- Neuroimaging Department, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Siya Peng
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahua Xu
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilonguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yu Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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McCall DM, Homayouni R, Yu Q, Raz S, Ofen N. Meta-Analysis of Hippocampal Volume and Episodic Memory in Preterm and Term Born Individuals. Neuropsychol Rev 2024; 34:478-495. [PMID: 37060422 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (< 37 weeks gestation) has been associated with memory deficits, which has prompted investigation of possible alterations in hippocampal volume in this population. However, existing literature reports varying effects of premature birth on hippocampal volume. Specifically, it is unclear whether smaller hippocampal volume in preterm-born individuals is merely reflective of smaller total brain volume. Further, it is not clear if hippocampal volume is associated with episodic memory functioning in preterm-born individuals. Meta-analysis was used to investigate the effects of premature birth on hippocampal volume and episodic memory from early development to young adulthood (birth to 26). PubMed, PsychINFO, and Web of Science were searched for English peer-reviewed articles that included hippocampal volume of preterm and term-born individuals. Thirty articles met the inclusion criteria. Separate meta-analyses were used to evaluate standardized mean differences between preterm and term-born individuals in uncorrected and corrected hippocampal volume, as well as verbal and visual episodic memory. Both uncorrected and corrected hippocampal volume were smaller in preterm-born compared to term-born individuals. Although preterm-born individuals had lower episodic memory performance than term-born individuals, the limited number of studies only permitted a qualitative review of the association between episodic memory performance and hippocampal volume. Tested moderators included mean age, pre/post-surfactant era, birth weight, gestational age, demarcation method, magnet strength, and slice thickness. With this meta-analysis, we provide novel evidence of the effects of premature birth on hippocampal volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M McCall
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Neuropsychology, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA.
| | - Roya Homayouni
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Qijing Yu
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sarah Raz
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Noa Ofen
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Barreca JA. Exploring the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Mental Health in Low Birthweight Children. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2024; 17:585-596. [PMID: 38938970 PMCID: PMC11199437 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Low birthweight is associated with poor health, developmental, and social outcomes throughout the lifespan. Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is also associated with negative mental and physical health outcomes in adulthood. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship between low birthweight (LBW), exposure to ACES, and subsequent utilization of mental health service. Data analysis was conducted using a subset of data from children ages 6-17 years from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) for 2018-2019 (n = 40,656). Welch ANOVA, Pearson's chi-square, and logistic regression investigated the relationship between LBW, ACEs, and mental health. LBW children in this sample had higher exposure to ACEs when compared to not low birthweight (NBW) children. LBW children also had a higher reported incidence of identified mental health (MH) issues. There was no significant association between birthweight and unmet MH service needs. LBW children with an ACE score or two or more were more likely to have an unidentified MH issue and/or an unmet MH service need. The results demonstrate LBW children experience higher levels of adversity. Children with ACE scores of two or more and those with unidentified MH issues have a higher likelihood of unmet MH needs. Professionals working in the health, education, and social service sectors can use this information to raise awareness of the increased vulnerability and more effectively meet the mental health needs of LBW children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Barreca
- Center for Interprofessional Education and Research, Saint Louis University, 1312 Carr Lane, Suite 110, St. Louis, MO 63104 USA
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Solis-Urra P, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Verdejo-Román J, Erickson KI, Verdejo-García A, Catena A, Ortega FB, Esteban-Cornejo I. Early life factors and structural brain network in children with overweight/obesity: The ActiveBrains project. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1812-1817. [PMID: 38066249 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to investigate the association of early life factors, including birth weight, birth length, and breastfeeding practices, with structural brain networks; and to test whether structural brain networks associated with early life factors were also associated with academic performance in children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). METHOD 96 children with OW/OB aged 8-11 years (10.03 ± 1.16) from the ActiveBrains project were included. Early life factors were collected from birth records and reported by parents as weight, height, and months of breastfeeding. T1-weighted images were used to identify structural networks using a non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF) approach. Academic performance was evaluated by the Woodcock-Muñoz standardized test battery. RESULTS Birth weight and birth length were associated with seven networks involving the cerebellum, cingulate gyrus, occipital pole, and subcortical structures including hippocampus, caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala. No associations were found for breastfeeding practices. None of the networks linked to birth weight and birth length were linked to academic performance. CONCLUSIONS Birth weight and birth length, but not breastfeeding, were associated with brain structural networks in children with OW/OB. Thus, early life factors are related to brain networks, yet a link with academic performance was not observed. IMPACT Birth weight and birth length, but not breastfeeding, were associated with several structural brain networks involving the cerebellum, cingulate gyrus, occipital pole, and subcortical structures including hippocampus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, accumbens and amygdala in children with overweight/obesity, playing a role for a normal brain development. Despite no academic consequences, other behavioral consequences should be investigated. Interventions aimed at improving optimal intrauterine growth and development may be of importance to achieve a healthy brain later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Solis-Urra
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014, Granada, España.
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, 2531015, Chile.
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Department of Personality, Assessment & Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrés Catena
- School of Psychology, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
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Pereira Camejo M, Escobar Saade L, Liverani MC, Fischi-Gomez E, Gui L, Borradori Tolsa C, Ha-Vinh Leuchter R, Hüppi PS, Siffredi V. Amygdala volumes and associations with socio-emotional competencies in preterm youth: cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03227-y. [PMID: 38762662 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socio-emotional difficulties often result from very preterm (VPT) birth. The amygdala's developmental trajectory, including its nuclei, has been recognized as a significant factor in observed difficulties. This study aims to assess the relationship between amygdala volume and socio-emotional competencies in VPT children and adolescents. METHODS Socio-emotional competencies were assessed, and amygdala volumes, including subnuclei, were extracted automatically from structural scans in a cross-sectional cohort of VPT (n = 75) and full-term (FT, n = 41) aged 6-14 years. Group differences in amygdala volumes were assessed using ANCOVA, and associations with socio-emotional competencies were studied using partial least squares correlation (PLSC). In a VPT subgroup, additional longitudinal data with amygdala volumes at term-equivalent age (TEA) were manually extracted, growth rates calculated, and associations with school-age socio-emotional competencies investigated using PLSC. RESULTS Using cross-sectional data at school-age, amygdala volumes displayed comparable developmental patterns between the VPT and the FT groups. Greater volumes were associated with more emotional regulation difficulties in VPT and lower affect recognition competencies in FT. In the longitudinal VPT subgroup, no significant associations were found between amygdala volume trajectory and socio-emotional competencies. CONCLUSION Although our findings suggest typical amygdala development after VPT birth, further research is necessary to elucidate the developmental trajectory of amygdala and the role of resilience factors. IMPACT In our cohort, amygdala volumes, including subnuclei, displayed comparable developmental trajectories between the very preterm and the full-term groups. Higher amygdala volumes at school-age were associated with higher emotional regulation difficulties in the very-preterm born group, and with lower affect recognition abilities in full-term born children and adolescents. In a subgroup of very-preterm children and adolescents followed from birth to school-age, no significant associations were found between amygdala volumes at term-equivalent age and socio-emotional competencies at school-age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricé Pereira Camejo
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luciana Escobar Saade
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Chiara Liverani
- SensoriMotor, Affective and Social Development Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elda Fischi-Gomez
- Centre for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), SP CHUV-EPFL Section, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Signal processing laboratory 5, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Gui
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Borradori Tolsa
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Russia Ha-Vinh Leuchter
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petra Susan Hüppi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Siffredi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Hijman AIS, Wehrle FM, Latal B, Hagmann CF, O'Gorman RL. Cerebral perfusion differences are linked to executive function performance in very preterm-born children and adolescents. Neuroimage 2024; 285:120500. [PMID: 38135171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Children and adolescents born very preterm are at risk of cognitive impairment, particularly affecting executive functions. To date, the neural correlates of these cognitive differences are not yet fully understood, although converging evidence points to a pattern of structural and functional brain alterations, including reduced brain volumes, altered connectivity, and altered brain activation patterns. In very preterm neonates, alterations in brain perfusion have also been reported, but the extent to which these perfusion alterations persist into later childhood is not yet known. This study evaluated global and regional brain perfusion, measured with arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI, in 26 very preterm children and adolescents and 34 term-born peers. Perfusion was compared between groups and relative to executive function (EF) scores, derived from an extensive EF battery assessing working memory, cognitive flexibility, and planning. Very preterm children and adolescents showed regions of altered perfusion, some of which were also related to EF scores. Most of these regions were located in the right hemisphere and included regions like the thalamus and hippocampus, which are known to play a role in executive functioning and can be affected by prematurity. In addition, perfusion decreased with age during adolescence and showed a significant interaction between birth status and sex, such that very preterm girls showed lower perfusion than term-born girls, but this trend was not seen in boys. Taken together, our results indicate a regionally altered perfusion in very preterm children and adolescents, with age and sex related changes during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia M Wehrle
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Latal
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia F Hagmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth L O'Gorman
- Center for MR Research, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Mathewson KJ, Beaton EA, Hobbs D, Hall GBC, Schulkin J, Van Lieshout RJ, Saigal S, Schmidt LA. Brain structure and function in the fourth decade of life after extremely low birth weight: An MRI and EEG study. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 154:85-99. [PMID: 37595482 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine potential long-term effects of extremely low birth weight (ELBW; ≤ 1000 g) on adult brain structure, brain function, and cognitive-behavioral performance. METHODS A subset of survivors from the prospectively-followed McMaster ELBW Cohort (n = 23, MBW = 816 g) and their peers born at normal birth weight (NBW; ≥ 2500 g; n = 14, MBW = 3361 g) provided T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans, resting electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, and behavioral responses to a face-processing task in their early thirties. RESULTS Visual discrimination accuracy for human faces, resting EEG alpha power, and long-distance alpha coherence were lower in ELBW survivors than NBW adults, and volumes of white matter hypointensities (WMH) were higher. Across groups, face-processing performance was correlated positively with posterior EEG spectral power and long-distance alpha and theta coherence, and negatively with WMH. The associations between face-processing scores and parietal alpha power and theta coherence were reduced after adjustment for WMH. CONCLUSIONS Electrocortical activity, brain functional connectivity, and higher-order processing ability may be negatively affected by WMH burden, which is greater in adults born extremely preterm. SIGNIFICANCE Decrements in electrocortical activity and behavioral performance in adult ELBW survivors may be partly explained by increased WMH volumes in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Mathewson
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Elliott A Beaton
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Diana Hobbs
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Geoffrey B C Hall
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jay Schulkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Saroj Saigal
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Louis A Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Merritt K, Luque Laguna P, Sethi A, Drakesmith M, Ashley SA, Bloomfield M, Fonville L, Perry G, Lancaster T, Dimitriadis SI, Zammit S, Evans CJ, Lewis G, Kempton MJ, Linden DEJ, Reichenberg A, Jones DK, David AS. The impact of cumulative obstetric complications and childhood trauma on brain volume in young people with psychotic experiences. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3688-3697. [PMID: 37903876 PMCID: PMC10730393 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Psychotic experiences (PEs) occur in 5-10% of the general population and are associated with exposure to childhood trauma and obstetric complications. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear. Using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we studied 138 young people aged 20 with PEs (n = 49 suspected, n = 53 definite, n = 36 psychotic disorder) and 275 controls. Voxel-based morphometry assessed whether MRI measures of grey matter volume were associated with (i) PEs, (ii) cumulative childhood psychological trauma (weighted summary score of 6 trauma types), (iii) cumulative pre/peri-natal risk factors for psychosis (weighted summary score of 16 risk factors), and (iv) the interaction between PEs and cumulative trauma or pre/peri-natal risk. PEs were associated with smaller left posterior cingulate (pFWE < 0.001, Z = 4.19) and thalamus volumes (pFWE = 0.006, Z = 3.91). Cumulative pre/perinatal risk was associated with smaller left subgenual cingulate volume (pFWE < 0.001, Z = 4.54). A significant interaction between PEs and cumulative pre/perinatal risk found larger striatum (pFWE = 0.04, Z = 3.89) and smaller right insula volume extending into the supramarginal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus (pFWE = 0.002, Z = 4.79), specifically in those with definite PEs and psychotic disorder. Cumulative childhood trauma was associated with larger left dorsal striatum (pFWE = 0.002, Z = 3.65), right prefrontal cortex (pFWE < 0.001, Z = 4.63) and smaller left insula volume in all participants (pFWE = 0.03, Z = 3.60), and there was no interaction with PEs group. In summary, pre/peri-natal risk factors and childhood psychological trauma impact similar brain pathways, namely smaller insula and larger striatum volumes. The effect of pre/perinatal risk was greatest in those with more severe PEs, whereas effects of trauma were seen in all participants. In conclusion, environmental risk factors affect brain networks implicated in schizophrenia, which may increase an individual's propensity to develop later psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Merritt
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Pedro Luque Laguna
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Arjun Sethi
- Department of Forensic & Neurodevelopmental Sciences, IOPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Drakesmith
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah A Ashley
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Bloomfield
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gavin Perry
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tom Lancaster
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Psychology, Bath University, Bath, UK
| | - Stavros I Dimitriadis
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stanley Zammit
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Bristol Medical School (PHS), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C John Evans
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Psychosis Studies Department, IOPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David E J Linden
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Derek K Jones
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anthony S David
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK
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10
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Hu L, Wan Q, Huang L, Tang J, Huang S, Chen X, Bai X, Kong L, Deng J, Liang H, Liu G, Liu H, Lu L. MRI-based brain age prediction model for children under 3 years old using deep residual network. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1771-1784. [PMID: 37603065 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Early identification and intervention of abnormal brain development individual subjects are of great significance, especially during the earliest and most active stage of brain development in children aged under 3. Neuroimage-based brain's biological age has been associated with health, ability, and remaining life. However, the existing brain age prediction models based on neuroimage are predominantly adult-oriented. Here, we collected 658 T1-weighted MRI scans from 0 to 3 years old healthy controls and developed an accurate brain age prediction model for young children using deep learning techniques with high accuracy in capturing age-related changes. The performance of the deep learning-based model is comparable to that of the SVR-based model, showcasing remarkable precision and yielding a noteworthy correlation of 91% between the predicted brain age and the chronological age. Our results demonstrate the accuracy of convolutional neural network (CNN) brain-predicted age using raw T1-weighted MRI data with minimum preprocessing necessary. We also applied our model to children with low birth weight, premature delivery history, autism, and ADHD, and discovered that the brain age was delayed in children with extremely low birth weight (less than 1000 g) while ADHD may cause accelerated aging of the brain. Our child-specific brain age prediction model can be a valuable quantitative tool to detect abnormal brain development and can be helpful in the early identification and intervention of age-related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianting Hu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
- Medical Big Data Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Qirong Wan
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 4330060, Hubei, China
| | - Li Huang
- School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Jiajie Tang
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
- School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Medical Big Data Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuanhui Chen
- Medical Big Data Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohe Bai
- School of Physical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lingcong Kong
- Medical Big Data Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyi Deng
- School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Huiying Liang
- Medical Big Data Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangjian Liu
- Medical Big Data Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China.
| | - Long Lu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China.
- School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
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11
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Seyedsalehi A, Warrier V, Bethlehem RAI, Perry BI, Burgess S, Murray GK. Educational attainment, structural brain reserve and Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Brain 2023; 146:2059-2074. [PMID: 36310536 PMCID: PMC10151197 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher educational attainment is observationally associated with lower risk of Alzheimer's disease. However, the biological mechanisms underpinning this association remain unclear. The protective effect of education on Alzheimer's disease may be mediated via increased brain reserve. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization to explore putative causal relationships between educational attainment, structural brain reserve as proxied by MRI phenotypes and Alzheimer's disease. Summary statistics were obtained from genome-wide association studies of educational attainment (n = 1 131 881), late-onset Alzheimer's disease (35 274 cases, 59 163 controls) and 15 measures of grey or white matter macro- or micro-structure derived from structural or diffusion MRI (nmax = 33 211). We conducted univariable Mendelian randomization analyses to investigate bidirectional associations between (i) educational attainment and Alzheimer's disease; (ii) educational attainment and imaging-derived phenotypes; and (iii) imaging-derived phenotypes and Alzheimer's disease. Multivariable Mendelian randomization was used to assess whether brain structure phenotypes mediated the effect of education on Alzheimer's disease risk. Genetically proxied educational attainment was inversely associated with Alzheimer's disease (odds ratio per standard deviation increase in genetically predicted years of schooling = 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.60, 0.80). There were positive associations between genetically predicted educational attainment and four cortical metrics (standard deviation units change in imaging phenotype per one standard deviation increase in genetically predicted years of schooling): surface area 0.30 (95% confidence interval 0.20, 0.40); volume 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.20, 0.37); intrinsic curvature 0.18 (95% confidence interval 0.11, 0.25); local gyrification index 0.21 (95% confidence interval 0.11, 0.31)]; and inverse associations with cortical intracellular volume fraction [-0.09 (95% confidence interval -0.15, -0.03)] and white matter hyperintensities volume [-0.14 (95% confidence interval -0.23, -0.05)]. Genetically proxied levels of surface area, cortical volume and intrinsic curvature were positively associated with educational attainment [standard deviation units change in years of schooling per one standard deviation increase in respective genetically predicted imaging phenotype: 0.13 (95% confidence interval 0.10, 0.16); 0.15 (95% confidence interval 0.11, 0.19) and 0.12 (95% confidence interval 0.04, 0.19)]. We found no evidence of associations between genetically predicted imaging-derived phenotypes and Alzheimer's disease. The inverse association of genetically predicted educational attainment with Alzheimer's disease did not attenuate after adjusting for imaging-derived phenotypes in multivariable analyses. Our results provide support for a protective causal effect of educational attainment on Alzheimer's disease risk, as well as potential bidirectional causal relationships between education and brain macro- and micro-structure. However, we did not find evidence that these structural markers affect risk of Alzheimer's disease. The protective effect of education on Alzheimer's disease may be mediated via other measures of brain reserve not included in the present study, or by alternative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Seyedsalehi
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Varun Warrier
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8AH, UK
| | - Richard A I Bethlehem
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8AH, UK
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Benjamin I Perry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8AH, UK
- CAMEO, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB4 1PX, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Graham K Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8AH, UK
- CAMEO, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB4 1PX, UK
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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12
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Adrian J, Sawyer C, Bakeman R, Haist F, Akshoomoff N. Longitudinal Structural and Diffusion-Weighted Neuroimaging of Young Children Born Preterm. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 141:34-41. [PMID: 36773405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born preterm are at risk for diffuse injury to subcortical gray and white matter. METHODS We used a longitudinal cohort study to examine the development of subcortical gray matter and white matter volumes, and diffusivity measures of white matter tracts following preterm birth. Our participants were 47 children born preterm (24 to 32 weeks gestational age) and 28 children born at term. None of the children born preterm had significant neonatal brain injury. Children received structural and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans at ages five, six, and seven years. We examined volumes of amygdala, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, brainstem, cerebellar white matter, intracranial space, and ventricles, and volumes, fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity of anterior thalamic radiation, cingulum, corticospinal tract, corpus callosum, inferior frontal occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, temporal and parietal superior longitudinal fasciculus, and uncinate fasciculus. RESULTS Children born preterm had smaller volumes of thalamus, brainstem, cerebellar white matter, cingulum, corticospinal tract, inferior frontal occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and temporal superior longitudinal fasciculus, whereas their ventricles were larger compared with term-born controls. We found no significant effect of preterm birth on diffusivity measures. Despite developmental changes and growth, group differences were present and similarly strong at all three ages. CONCLUSION Even in the absence of significant neonatal brain injury, preterm birth has a persistent impact on early brain development. The lack of a significant term status by age interaction suggests a delayed developmental trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Adrian
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| | - Carolyn Sawyer
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Roger Bakeman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Frank Haist
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Natacha Akshoomoff
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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13
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Zhang S, Wang R, Wang J, He Z, Wu J, Kang Y, Zhang Y, Gao H, Hu X, Zhang T. Differentiate preterm and term infant brains and characterize the corresponding biomarkers via DICCCOL-based multi-modality graph neural networks. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:951508. [PMID: 36312010 PMCID: PMC9614033 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.951508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a worldwide problem that affects infants throughout their lives significantly. Therefore, differentiating brain disorders, and further identifying and characterizing the corresponding biomarkers are key issues to investigate the effects of preterm birth, which facilitates the interventions for neuroprotection and improves outcomes of prematurity. Until now, many efforts have been made to study the effects of preterm birth; however, most of the studies merely focus on either functional or structural perspective. In addition, an effective framework not only jointly studies the brain function and structure at a group-level, but also retains the individual differences among the subjects. In this study, a novel dense individualized and common connectivity-based cortical landmarks (DICCCOL)-based multi-modality graph neural networks (DM-GNN) framework is proposed to differentiate preterm and term infant brains and characterize the corresponding biomarkers. This framework adopts the DICCCOL system as the initialized graph node of GNN for each subject, utilizing both functional and structural profiles and effectively retaining the individual differences. To be specific, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain provides the features for the graph nodes, and brain fiber connectivity is utilized as the structural representation of the graph edges. Self-attention graph pooling (SAGPOOL)-based GNN is then applied to jointly study the function and structure of the brain and identify the biomarkers. Our results successfully demonstrate that the proposed framework can effectively differentiate the preterm and term infant brains. Furthermore, the self-attention-based mechanism can accurately calculate the attention score and recognize the most significant biomarkers. In this study, not only 87.6% classification accuracy is observed for the developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) dataset, but also distinguishing features are explored and extracted. Our study provides a novel and uniform framework to differentiate brain disorders and characterize the corresponding biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Center for Brain and Brain-Inspired Computing Research, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Shu Zhang
| | - Ruoyang Wang
- Center for Brain and Brain-Inspired Computing Research, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junxin Wang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhibin He
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinru Wu
- Center for Brain and Brain-Inspired Computing Research, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanqing Kang
- Center for Brain and Brain-Inspired Computing Research, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Gao
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xintao Hu
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Tuo Zhang
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14
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Collins SE, Thompson DK, Kelly CE, Gilchrist CP, Matthews LG, Pascoe L, Lee KJ, Inder TE, Doyle LW, Cheong JL, Burnett AC, Anderson PJ. Development of regional brain gray matter volume across the first 13 years of life is associated with childhood math computation ability for children born very preterm and full term. Brain Cogn 2022; 160:105875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2022.105875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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15
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Kuula J, Martola J, Hakkarainen A, Räikkönen K, Savolainen S, Salli E, Hovi P, Björkqvist J, Kajantie E, Lundbom N. Brain Volumes and Abnormalities in Adults Born Preterm at Very Low Birth Weight. J Pediatr 2022; 246:48-55.e7. [PMID: 35301016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess radiographic brain abnormalities and investigate volumetric differences in adults born preterm at very low birth weight (<1500 g), using siblings as controls. STUDY DESIGN We recruited 79 adult same-sex sibling pairs with one born preterm at very low birth weight and the sibling at term. We acquired 3-T brain magnetic resonance imaging from 78 preterm participants and 72 siblings. A neuroradiologist, masked to participants' prematurity status, reviewed the images for parenchymal and structural abnormalities, and FreeSurfer software 6.0 was used to conduct volumetric analyses. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models. RESULTS We found more structural abnormalities in very low birth weight participants than in siblings (37% vs 13%). The most common finding was periventricular leukomalacia, present in 15% of very low birth weight participants and in 3% of siblings. The very low birth weight group had smaller absolute brain volumes (-0.4 SD) and, after adjusting for estimated intracranial volume, less gray matter (-0.2 SD), larger ventricles (1.5 SD), smaller thalami (-0.6 SD), caudate nuclei (-0.4 SD), right hippocampus (-0.4 SD), and left pallidum (-0.3 SD). We saw no volume differences in total white matter (-0.04 SD; 95% CI, -0.13 to 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Preterm very low birth weight adults had a higher prevalence of brain abnormalities than their term-born siblings. They also had smaller absolute brain volumes, less gray but not white matter, and smaller volumes in several gray matter structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Kuula
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland.
| | - Juha Martola
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sauli Savolainen
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Salli
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petteri Hovi
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
| | - Johan Björkqvist
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Lundbom
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Kvanta H, Bolk J, Strindberg M, Jiménez-Espinoza C, Broström L, Padilla N, Ådén U. Exploring the distribution of grey and white matter brain volumes in extremely preterm children, using magnetic resonance imaging at term age and at 10 years of age. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259717. [PMID: 34739529 PMCID: PMC8570467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate differences in brain volumes between children born extremely preterm and term born controls at term age and at 10 years of age. STUDY DESIGN Children born extremely preterm (EPT), up to 26 weeks and 6 days gestational age, in Stockholm between January 1 2004 to March 31 2007 were included in this population-based cohort study. A total of 45 EPT infants were included at term age and 51 EPT children were included at 10 years of age. There were 27 EPT children included at both time points. Two different control groups were recruited; 15 control infants were included at term age and 38 control children at 10 years of age. The primary outcomes were the grey and white matter volumes. Linear regression, adjusted for intracranial volume and sex, was used. RESULTS At term age, the extremely preterm infants had significantly smaller grey matter volume compared to the control infants with an adjusted mean difference of 5.0 cm3 and a 95% confidence interval of -8.4 to -1.5 (p = 0.004). At 10 years of age the extremely preterm children had significantly smaller white matter volume compared to the control children with an adjusted mean difference of 6.0 cm3 and a 95% confidence interval of -10.9 to -1.0 (p = 0.010). CONCLUSION Extremely preterm birth was associated with reduced grey matter volume at term age and reduced white matter volume at 10 years of age compared to term born controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedvig Kvanta
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Bolk
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Strindberg
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmen Jiménez-Espinoza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology Section, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Lina Broström
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nelly Padilla
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Ådén
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Brossard-Racine M, Limperopoulos C. Cerebellar injury in premature neonates: Imaging findings and relationship with outcome. Semin Perinatol 2021; 45:151470. [PMID: 34462245 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2021.151470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar hemorrhagic injury (CHI) is a common complication of preterm birth. There are now many studies that have investigated the developmental consequences of CHI. This review summarizes the present state of evidence regarding the outcomes of prematurity related CHI, with a particular focus on the neuroimaging characteristics associated with adverse outcomes. Studies published to date suggest that the severity of functional deficits is dependent on injury size and topography. However, the unique contribution of the CHI to outcomes still needs to be further investigated to ensure optimal prognostic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Brossard-Racine
- Advances in Brain and Child Development Research Laboratory, Research Institute of McGill University Health Center - Child Heald and Human Development, Montreal PQ, Canada; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, McGill University, Montreal PQ, Canada.
| | - Catherine Limperopoulos
- Institute for the Developing Brain; Prenatal Pediatrics Institute; Division of Neonatology; Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Health System, Washington DC, USA
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18
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Medise BE. Growth and Development in Preterm Infants: What is The Long-Term Risk? AMERTA NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v5i1sp.2021.27-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Indonesia comes in the fifth for the greatest number of preterm births. Preterm infants may inflict various complication as the result of underdeveloped immunity, affecting their growth and development in the long run until they reach adult phase. Such complications could be prevented through adequate nutrition fulfillment. Purpose: This article aimed to elaborate the characteristics of growth and development of premature babies, long term effect on the development and the impact of immunity and gut health of preterm infants in supporting their growth and development. Methods: References cited in this article were obtained from the latest primary literature within the last 10 years. Discussion: The rate and ability of infants to perform catch-up growth depends on the birth weight and gestation age, at which the lower birth weight and lower gestational age had slower rate. Brain structures that of preterm infants differ compared to the term, and these changes give rise to various clinical outcomes, including long term emotional, behavioral changes, cognitive and executive functioning. Immature immune system in preterm infants reduces the protective ability by innate and adaptive immunity in overcoming pathogens compared to term infants, including gut microbiota prematurity which affects nutrition absorption and growth and development catch up ability. Appropriate and adequate nutrition supplementation has shown beneficial effects in promoting the growth of normal gut flora, which allow better absorption of nutrition and therefore enhancing growth rate and supporting the development of preterm infants. Conclusions: Optimal growth and development of preterm infants are supported by sufficient nutrition supplementation to support the growth of gut microbiota, facilitating the catch-up growth and development of premature infants and immune system maturity.
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19
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Ye J, Wu C, Chu X, Wen Y, Li P, Cheng B, Cheng S, Liu L, Zhang L, Ma M, Qi X, Liang C, Kafle OP, Jia Y, Wang S, Wang X, Ning Y, Zhang F. Evaluating the effect of birth weight on brain volumes and depression: An observational and genetic study using UK Biobank cohort. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 63:e73. [PMID: 32706328 PMCID: PMC7503174 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Birth weight influences not only brain development, but also mental health outcomes, including depression, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Methods. The phenotypic data of 12,872–91,009 participants (59.18–63.38% women) from UK Biobank were included to test the associations between the birth weight, depression, and brain volumes through the linear and logistic regression models. As birth weight is highly heritable, the polygenic risk scores (PRSs) of birth weight were calculated from the UK Biobank cohort (154,539 participants, 56.90% women) to estimate the effect of birth weight-related genetic variation on the development of depression and brain volumes. Finally, the mediation analyses of step approach and mediation analysis were used to estimate the role of brain volumes in the association between birth weight and depression. All analyses were conducted sex stratified to assess sex-specific role in the associations. Result. We observed associations between birth weight and depression (odds ratio [OR] = 0.968, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.957–0.979, p = 2.29 × 10−6). Positive associations were observed between birth weight and brain volumes, such as gray matter (B = 0.131, p = 3.51 × 10−74) and white matter (B = 0.129, p = 1.67 × 10−74). Depression was also associated with brain volume, such as left thalamus (OR = 0.891, 95% CI = 0.850–0.933, p = 4.46 × 10−5) and right thalamus (OR = 0.884, 95% CI = 0.841–0.928, p = 2.67 × 10−5). Additionally, significant mediation effects of brain volume were found for the associations between birth weight and depression through steps approach and mediation analysis, such as gray matter (B = –0.220, p = 0.020) and right thalamus (B = –0.207, p = 0.014). Conclusions. Our results showed the associations among birth weight, depression, and brain volumes, and the mediation effect of brain volumes also provide evidence for the sex-specific of associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cuiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaomeng Chu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chujun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Om Prakash Kafle
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujie Ning
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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20
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Nassar R, Kaczkurkin AN, Xia CH, Sotiras A, Pehlivanova M, Moore TM, Garcia de La Garza A, Roalf DR, Rosen AFG, Lorch SA, Ruparel K, Shinohara RT, Davatzikos C, Gur RC, Gur RE, Satterthwaite TD. Gestational Age is Dimensionally Associated with Structural Brain Network Abnormalities Across Development. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:2102-2114. [PMID: 29688290 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prematurity is associated with diverse developmental abnormalities, yet few studies relate cognitive and neurostructural deficits to a dimensional measure of prematurity. Leveraging a large sample of children, adolescents, and young adults (age 8-22 years) studied as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we examined how variation in gestational age impacted cognition and brain structure later in development. Participants included 72 preterm youth born before 37 weeks' gestation and 206 youth who were born at term (37 weeks or later). Using a previously-validated factor analysis, cognitive performance was assessed in three domains: (1) executive function and complex reasoning, (2) social cognition, and (3) episodic memory. All participants completed T1-weighted neuroimaging at 3 T to measure brain volume. Structural covariance networks were delineated using non-negative matrix factorization, an advanced multivariate analysis technique. Lower gestational age was associated with both deficits in executive function and reduced volume within 11 of 26 structural covariance networks, which included orbitofrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices as well as subcortical regions including the hippocampus. Notably, the relationship between lower gestational age and executive dysfunction was accounted for in part by structural network deficits. Together, these findings emphasize the durable impact of prematurity on cognition and brain structure, which persists across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rula Nassar
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonia N Kaczkurkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cedric Huchuan Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angel Garcia de La Garza
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adon F G Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott A Lorch
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Yoshida T, Hiraiwa A, Ibuki K, Makimoto M, Inomata S, Tamura K, Kawasaki Y, Ozawa S, Hirono K, Ichida F. Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 3 years for infants with congenital heart disease and very-low birthweight. Pediatr Int 2020; 62:797-803. [PMID: 31957091 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both congenital heart disease (CHD) and very-low birthweight (VLBW) infants are at a very high risk of neurodevelopmental delay. We investigated neurological development at 3 years in pediatric patients with CHD after surgical intervention, those of VLBW, and healthy controls. METHODS We enrolled pediatric patients with CHD (n = 67), VLBW (n = 67), and healthy controls (n = 81). Infants with CHD were grouped into those with single ventricle and two ventricles, and infants with VLBW were grouped into those with birthweights of <1000 and 1000-1499 g. Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 3 years were evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, a significant deficit in the language, cognition, and motor skills scores were observed in infants with CHD and VLBW. Infants with a single ventricle exhibited significantly low scores in language and gross motor skills. No statistically significant difference was observed between the birthweight groups of <1000 and 1000-1499 g. CONCLUSION Neurodevelopmental outcomes for infants with both CHD and VLBW showed impairment. Notably, neurodevelopmental delays in infants with a single ventricle were remarkable. Thus, because infants with both CHD and VLBW are at high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, periodic developmental screenings and support are warranted for these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketoshi Yoshida
- Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akiko Hiraiwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama University, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ibuki
- Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masami Makimoto
- Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Satomi Inomata
- Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yukako Kawasaki
- Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama University, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hirono
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama University, Toyama, Japan
| | - Fukiko Ichida
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama University, Toyama, Japan
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22
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Training-Induced Neuroplasticity in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-020-00191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Wehrle FM, Lustenberger C, Buchmann A, Latal B, Hagmann CF, O'Gorman RL, Huber R. Multimodal assessment shows misalignment of structural and functional thalamocortical connectivity in children and adolescents born very preterm. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116779. [PMID: 32276056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalamocortical connections are altered following very preterm birth but it is unknown whether structural and functional alterations are linked and how they contribute to neurodevelopmental deficits. We used a multimodal approach in 27 very preterm and 35 term-born children and adolescents aged 10-16 years: Structural thalamocortical connectivity was quantified with two measures derived from probabilistic tractography of diffusion tensor data, namely the volume of thalamic segments with cortical connections and mean fractional anisotropy (FA) within the respective segments. High-density sleep EEG was recorded and sleep spindles were identified at each electrode. Sleep spindle density and integrated spindle activity (ISA) were calculated to quantify functional thalamocortical connectivity. In term-born participants, the volume of the global thalamic segment with cortical connections was strongly related to sleep spindles across the entire head (mean r = .53 ± .10; range = 0.35 to 0.78). Regionally, the volume of the thalamic segment connecting to frontal brain regions correlated with sleep spindle density in two clusters of electrodes over fronto-temporal brain regions (.42 ± .06; 0.35 to 0.51 and 0.43 ± .08; 0.35 to 0.62) and the volume of the thalamic segment connecting to parietal brain regions correlated with sleep spindle density over parietal brain regions (mean r = .43 ± .07; 0.35 to 0.61). In very preterm participants, the volume of the thalamic segments was not associated with sleep spindles. In the very preterm group, mean FA within the global thalamic segment was negatively correlated with ISA over a cluster of frontal and temporo-occipital brain regions (mean r = -.53 ± .07; -.41 to -.72). No association between mean FA and ISA was found in the term-born group. With this multimodal study protocol, we identified a potential misalignment between structural and functional thalamocortical connectivity in children and adolescents born very preterm. Eventually, this may shed further light on the neuronal mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental sequelae of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia M Wehrle
- University Children's Hospital Zurich, Child Development Center, Switzerland; University Children's Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Switzerland; University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Buchmann
- University Children's Hospital Zurich, Center for MR Research, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Latal
- University Children's Hospital Zurich, Child Development Center, Switzerland; University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia F Hagmann
- University Children's Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Switzerland; University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, Switzerland
| | - Ruth L O'Gorman
- University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, Switzerland; University Children's Hospital Zurich, Center for MR Research, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- University Children's Hospital Zurich, Child Development Center, Switzerland; University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, Switzerland; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Switzerland.
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24
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Altered brain metabolism contributes to executive function deficits in school-aged children born very preterm. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:739-748. [PMID: 32590836 PMCID: PMC7577839 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive function deficits in children born very preterm (VPT) have been linked to anatomical abnormalities in white matter and subcortical brain structures. This study aimed to investigate how altered brain metabolism contributes to these deficits in VPT children at school-age. METHODS Fifty-four VPT participants aged 8-13 years and 62 term-born peers were assessed with an executive function test battery. Brain metabolites were obtained in the frontal white matter and the basal ganglia/thalami, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), choline (Cho)/Cr, glutamate + glutamine (Glx)/Cr, and myo-Inositol (mI)/Cr were compared between groups and associations with executive functions were explored using linear regression. RESULTS In the frontal white matter, VPT showed lower Glx/Cr (mean difference: -5.91%, 95% CI [-10.50, -1.32]), higher Cho/Cr (7.39%, 95%-CI [2.68, 12.10]), and higher mI/Cr (5.41%, 95%-CI [0.18, 10.64]) while there were no differences in the basal ganglia/thalami. Lower executive functions were associated with lower frontal Glx/Cr ratios in both groups (β = 0.16, p = 0.05) and higher mI/Cr ratios in the VPT group only (interaction: β = -0.17, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Long-term brain metabolite alterations in the frontal white matter may be related to executive function deficits in VPT children at school-age. IMPACT Very preterm birth is associated with long-term brain metabolite alterations in the frontal white matter. Such alterations may contribute to deficits in executive function abilities. Injury processes in the brain can persist for years after the initial insult. Our findings provide new insights beyond structural and functional imaging, which help to elucidate the processes involved in abnormal brain development following preterm birth. Ultimately, this may lead to earlier identification of children at risk for developing deficits and more effective interventions.
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25
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Thompson DK, Loh WY, Connelly A, Cheong JLY, Spittle AJ, Chen J, Kelly CE, Inder TE, Doyle LW, Anderson PJ. Basal ganglia and thalamic tract connectivity in very preterm and full-term children; associations with 7-year neurodevelopment. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:48-56. [PMID: 31486778 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered basal ganglia and thalamic connectivity may be critical for cognitive, motor and behavioural impairments common to very preterm (<32 weeks' gestational age) children. This study aims to (1) compare corticostriatal and thalamocortical tract connectivity between very preterm and term-born children at 7 years of age; (2) explore tract connectivity associations with 7-year neurodevelopmental outcomes, and whether these relationships differed between groups. METHODS Eighty-three very preterm and 19 term-born (≥37 weeks' gestational age) children underwent structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and had a neuropsychological assessment at 7 years. Corticostriatal and thalamocortical tracts were reconstructed and white matter connectivity was estimated with apparent fibre density. RESULTS Compared with term-born controls, very preterm children had decreased connectivity in tracts linking the caudate to right motor areas (-10%, p = 0.03) and the thalamus with left motor areas (-5.7%, p = 0.03). Reduced connectivity in corticostriatal and thalamocortical tracts was associated with adverse motor functioning in both groups (p = 0.06). Decreased connectivity of the left caudate and putamen with the lateral prefrontal cortex was associated with lower reading performance for controls (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION Corticostriatal and thalamocortical tracts are vulnerable to very preterm birth. Poorer connectivity in these tracts may underlie the motor impairments observed in very preterm children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanne K Thompson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Wai Yen Loh
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Connelly
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeanie L Y Cheong
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alicia J Spittle
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jian Chen
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Stroke and Ageing Research Group, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire E Kelly
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terrie E Inder
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lex W Doyle
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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26
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Córcoles-Parada M, Giménez-Mateo R, Serrano-Del-Pueblo V, López L, Pérez-Hernández E, Mansilla F, Martínez A, Onsurbe I, San Roman P, Ubero-Martinez M, Clayden JD, Clark CA, Muñoz-López M. Born Too Early and Too Small: Higher Order Cognitive Function and Brain at Risk at Ages 8-16. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1942. [PMID: 31551853 PMCID: PMC6743534 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prematurity presents a risk for higher order cognitive functions. Some of these deficits manifest later in development, when these functions are expected to mature. However, the causes and consequences of prematurity are still unclear. We conducted a longitudinal study to first identify clinical predictors of ultrasound brain abnormalities in 196 children born very preterm (VP; gestational age ≤32 weeks) and with very low birth weight (VLBW; birth weight ≤1500 g). At ages 8-16, the subset of VP-VLBW children without neurological findings (124) were invited for a neuropsychological assessment and an MRI scan (41 accepted). Of these, 29 met a rigorous criterion for MRI quality and an age, and gender-matched control group (n = 14) was included in this study. The key findings in the VP-VLBW neonates were: (a) 37% of the VP-VLBW neonates had ultrasound brain abnormalities; (b) gestational age and birth weight collectively with hospital course (i.e., days in hospital, neonatal intensive care, mechanical ventilation and with oxygen therapy, surgeries, and retinopathy of prematurity) predicted ultrasound brain abnormalities. At ages 8-16, VP-VLBW children showed: a) lower intelligent quotient (IQ) and executive function; b) decreased gray and white matter (WM) integrity; (c) IQ correlated negatively with cortical thickness in higher order processing cortical areas. In conclusion, our data indicate that facets of executive function and IQ are the most affected in VP-VLBW children likely due to altered higher order cortical areas and underlying WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Córcoles-Parada
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Rocio Giménez-Mateo
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Victor Serrano-Del-Pueblo
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Leidy López
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Department of Psychology, University of Area Andina, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Francisco Mansilla
- Radiology Service, Sta. Cristina Clinic and University Hospital of Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Andres Martínez
- Neonatology Service, University Hospital of Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ignacio Onsurbe
- Paediatric Neurology Service, University Hospital of Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Paloma San Roman
- Child Psychiatry Service, University Hospital of Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Mar Ubero-Martinez
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Department of Anatomy, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jonathan D Clayden
- Developmental Imaging and Biophysics Section, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris A Clark
- Developmental Imaging and Biophysics Section, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mónica Muñoz-López
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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27
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Jin C, Li Y, Li X, Liu C, Wang M, Cheng Y, Zheng J, Yang J. Associations of gestational age and birth anthropometric indicators with brain white matter maturation in full-term neonates. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:3620-3630. [PMID: 31056805 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborn assessments, including gestational age (GA) and anthropometric measurements (birth weight, crown-heel length, head circumference) are routinely performed in pediatric settings, being used as important indicators in assessing neonatal development. Close associations of these birth indicators with later cognitive abilities were also reported. However, specific associations of these indicators with white matter (WM) development during the neonatal period remain unclear, as well as the extent to which they influence WM maturation. To address this issue, 51 full-term neonates (GA range, 37-42 weeks) with no abnormalities on MRI were retrospectively recruited. Specific correlations between birth indicators and WM maturation, quantified by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-metrics (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity), were identified by using DTI tract-based spatial statistics and automated fiber-tract quantification. Our findings suggest that (a) higher GA, birth weight, and crown-heel length may indicate greater WM maturation in full-term neonates, while head circumference presented weak correlation with WM maturation during early newborn period; (b) among the four indicators examined, GA was the one most associated with WM maturation. We believe that this study advances our knowledge of specific correlations between birth indicators and neonatal brain development and provides a valuable reference for future neonatal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xianjun Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yannan Cheng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
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28
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Pascoe MJ, Melzer TR, Horwood LJ, Woodward LJ, Darlow BA. Altered grey matter volume, perfusion and white matter integrity in very low birthweight adults. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101780. [PMID: 30925384 PMCID: PMC6438988 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the long-term effects of being born very-low-birth-weight (VLBW, <1500 g) on adult cerebral structural development using a multi-method neuroimaging approach. The New Zealand VLBW study cohort comprised 413 individuals born VLBW in 1986. Of the 338 who survived to discharge, 229 were assessed at age 27–29 years. Of these, 150 had a 3 T MRI scan alongside 50 healthy term-born controls. The VLBW group included 53/57 participants born <28 weeks gestation. MRI analyses included: a) structural MRI to assess grey matter (GM) volume and cortical thickness; b) arterial spin labelling (ASL) to quantify GM perfusion; and c) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure white matter (WM) integrity. Compared to controls, VLBW adults had smaller GM volumes within frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortices, bilateral cingulate gyri and left caudate, as well as greater GM volumes in frontal, temporal and occipital areas. Thinner cortex was observed within frontal, temporal and parietal cortices. VLBW adults also had less GM perfusion within limited temporal areas, bilateral hippocampi and thalami. Finally, lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AD) within principal WM tracts was observed in VLBW subjects. Within the VLBW group, birthweight was positively correlated with GM volume and perfusion in cortical and subcortical regions, as well as FA and AD across numerous principal WM tracts. Between group differences within temporal cortices were evident across all imaging modalities, suggesting that the temporal lobe may be particularly susceptible to disruption in development following preterm birth. Overall, findings reveal enduring and pervasive effects of preterm birth on brain structural development, with individuals born at lower birthweights having greater long-term neuropathology. Very-low-birth-weight adults had smaller GM volumes and thinner cortex than controls. VLBW adults also showed regions of larger grey matter volumes and thicker cortex. Several small regions showed lower cerebral perfusion in VLBW adults than in controls. Diffusion tensor MRI suggested poorer WM integrity in VLBW adults than in controls. Within VLBW adults, all MRI measures showed positive associations with birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddie J Pascoe
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Tracy R Melzer
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
| | - L John Horwood
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Lianne J Woodward
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand.
| | - Brian A Darlow
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
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Loh WY, Anderson PJ, Cheong JLY, Spittle AJ, Chen J, Lee KJ, Molesworth C, Inder TE, Connelly A, Doyle LW, Thompson DK. Longitudinal growth of the basal ganglia and thalamus in very preterm children. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 14:998-1011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Nurturing the preterm infant brain: leveraging neuroplasticity to improve neurobehavioral outcomes. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:166-175. [PMID: 30531968 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An intrinsic feature of the developing brain is high susceptibility to environmental influence-known as plasticity. Research indicates cascading disruption to neurological development following preterm (PT) birth; yet, the interactive effects of PT birth and plasticity remain unclear. It is possible that, with regard to neuropsychological outcomes in the PT population, plasticity is a double-edged sword. On one side, high plasticity of rapidly developing neural tissue makes the PT brain more vulnerable to injury resulting from events, including inflammation, hypoxia, and ischemia. On the other side, plasticity may be a mechanism through which positive experience can normalize neurological development for PT children. Much of the available literature on PT neurological development is clinically weighted and focused on diagnostic utility for predicting long-term outcomes. Although diagnostic utility is valuable, research establishing neuroprotective factors is equally beneficial. This review will: (1) detail specific mechanisms through which plasticity is adaptive or maladaptive depending on the experience; (2) integrate research from neuroimaging, intervention, and clinical science fields in a summary of findings suggesting inherent plasticity of the PT brain as a mechanism to improve child outcomes; and (3) summarize how responsive caregiving experiences situate parents as agents of change in normalizing PT infant brain development.
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Kuban KCK, Heeren T, O'Shea TM, Joseph RM, Fichorova RN, Douglass L, Jara H, Frazier JA, Hirtz D, Taylor HG, Rollins JV, Paneth N. Among Children Born Extremely Preterm a Higher Level of Circulating Neurotrophins Is Associated with Lower Risk of Cognitive Impairment at School Age. J Pediatr 2018; 201:40-48.e4. [PMID: 30029870 PMCID: PMC6684153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that higher blood levels of neurotrophic proteins (proteins that support neuronal survival and function) in the first 2 weeks of life are associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment at 10 years. STUDY DESIGN We evaluated 812 10-year-old children with neonatal blood specimens enrolled in the multicenter prospective Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn Study, assessing 22 blood proteins collected on 3 days over the first 2 weeks of life. Using latent profile analysis, we derived a cognitive function level based on standardized cognitive and executive function tests. We defined high exposure as the top quartile neurotrophic protein blood level on ≥2 days either for ≥4 proteins or for a specific cluster of neurotrophic proteins (defined by latent class analysis). Multinomial logistic regression analyzed associations between high exposures and cognitive impairment. RESULTS Controlling for the effects of inflammatory proteins, persistently elevated blood levels of ≥4 neurotrophic proteins were associated with reduced risk of moderate (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18-0.67) and severe cognitive impairment (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.09-0.53). Children with a cluster of elevated proteins including angiopoietin 1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted had a reduced risk of adverse cognitive outcomes (OR range, 0.31-0.6). The risk for moderate to severe cognitive impairment was least with 0-1 inflammatory and >4 neurotrophic proteins. CONCLUSIONS Persisting elevations of circulating neurotrophic proteins during the first 2 weeks of life are associated with lowered risk of impaired cognition at 10 years of age, controlling for increases in inflammatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl C K Kuban
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Timothy Heeren
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Robert M Joseph
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroanatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Raina N Fichorova
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Laurie Douglass
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Hernan Jara
- Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jean A Frazier
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, UMASS Medical School/ University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care, Worcester, MA
| | - Deborah Hirtz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Julie Vanier Rollins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Nigel Paneth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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Taylor HG, Klein N, Espy KA, Schluchter M, Minich N, Stilp R, Hack M. Effects of extreme prematurity and kindergarten neuropsychological skills on early academic progress. Neuropsychology 2018; 32:809-821. [PMID: 30124312 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was designed to investigate the effect of extreme prematurity on growth in academic achievement across the early school years and the validity of kindergarten neuropsychological skills as predictors of achievement. METHOD A 2001-2003 birth cohort of 145 extremely preterm/extremely low birth weight (EPT/ELBW) children from a single medical center, along with 111 normal birth weight (NBW) classmate controls, were recruited during their first year in kindergarten and followed annually across the next 2 years in school. Mixed model analysis was conducted to compare the groups on growth in achievement across years and examine kindergarten neuropsychological skills as predictors of growth. RESULTS The EPT/ELBW group scored significantly below NBW controls on all achievement tests across years and had higher rates of special education placement and grade repetition. Despite limited catch-up of the EPT/ELBW group to the NBW controls in spelling, group differences were generally stable. Differences in spelling and mathematics achievement remained significant when controlling for global intelligence or excluding children who had intellectual or neurosensory impairments or repeated a grade. Higher scores on kindergarten tests of multiple neuropsychological ability domains predicted higher achievement levels and steeper growth in achievement. CONCLUSIONS The findings document persistent academic weaknesses in EPT/ELBW children across the early school years. Results point to the need for preschool interventions to enhance academic readiness and suggest that neuropsychological skills assessed in kindergarten are useful in identifying individual differences in early learning progress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Klein
- Department of Education, Cleveland State University
| | | | - Mark Schluchter
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Nori Minich
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University
| | | | - Maureen Hack
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University
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Leviton A, Joseph RM, Allred EN, O’Shea TM, Taylor HG, Kuban KKC. Antenatal and Neonatal Antecedents of Executive Dysfunctions in Extremely Preterm Children. J Child Neurol 2018; 33:198-208. [PMID: 29322860 PMCID: PMC5807158 DOI: 10.1177/0883073817750499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To find out why children born extremely preterm are at heightened risk of executive dysfunctions, the authors assessed 716 children who were 10 years old born extremely preterm whose IQ was ≥ 70. A working memory dysfunction (n = 169), an inhibition dysfunction (n = 360), a switching dysfunction (355), and all 3 (executive dysfunction; n = 107) were defined on the basis of Z-scores ≤ -1 on the Differential Ability Scales-II Working Memory composite, and/or on the NEPSY-II Inhibition-Inhibition and Inhibition-Switching subtests. All risk profiles include an indicator of socioeconomic disadvantage. The risk profile of each of the 3 individual dysfunctions includes an indicator of the newborn's immaturity, and the risk profiles of the inhibition dysfunction and switching dysfunction also include an indicator of inflammation. Only the switching dysfunction was associated with fetal growth restriction. The risk factors for executive dysfunction can be subsumed under the 4 themes of socioeconomic disadvantage, immaturity/vulnerability, inflammation, and fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Leviton
- Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School,
Boston MA, USA
| | | | | | - T. Michael O’Shea
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill NC,
USA
| | - H. Gerry Taylor
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Karl KC Kuban
- Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA
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Molinari M, Masciullo M, Bulgheroni S, D'Arrigo S, Riva D. Cognitive aspects: sequencing, behavior, and executive functions. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 154:167-180. [PMID: 29903438 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63956-1.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The question posed today is not whether the cerebellum plays a role in cognition, but instead, how the cerebellum contributes to cognitive processes, even in the developmental age. The central role of the cerebellum in many areas of human abilities, motor as well as cognitive, in childhood as well as in adulthood, is well established but cerebellar basic functioning is still not clear and is much debated. Of particular interest is the changing face of cerebellar influence on motor, higher cognitive, and behavioral functioning when adult and developmental lesions are compared. The idea that the cerebellum might play quite different roles during development and in adulthood has been proposed, and evidence from experimental and clinical literature has been provided, including for sequencing, behavioral aspects, and executive functions Still, more data are needed to fully understand the changes of cerebrocerebellar interactions within the segregated loops which connect cerebrum and cerebellum, not only between childhood and adulthood but also in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Molinari
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcella Masciullo
- Translational Clinical Research Division, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Bulgheroni
- Translational Clinical Research Division, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Translational Clinical Research Division, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Daria Riva
- Translational Clinical Research Division, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
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Functional neural bases of numerosity judgments in healthy adults born preterm. Brain Cogn 2017; 118:90-99. [PMID: 28802184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
High rates of mathematics learning disabilities among individuals born preterm (<37weeksGA) have spurred calls for a greater understanding of the nature of these weaknesses and their neural underpinnings. Groups of healthy, high functioning young adults born preterm and full term (n=20) completed a symbolic and non-symbolic magnitude comparison task while undergoing functional MRI scanning. Collectively, participants showed activation in superior and inferior frontal and parietal regions previously linked to numeric processing when comparing non-symbolic magnitude arrays separated by small numeric distances. Simultaneous deactivation of the default mode network also was evident during these trials. Individuals born preterm showed increased signal change relative to their full term peers in right inferior frontal and parietal regions when comparing the non-symbolic magnitude arrays. Elevated signal change during non-symbolic task blocks was associated with poorer performance on a calculation task administered outside of the scanner. These findings indicate that healthy, high-functioning adults born preterm may recruit fronto-parietal networks more extensively when processing non-symbolic magnitudes, suggesting that approximate number system training may be an inroad for early intervention to prevent mathematics difficulties in this population.
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Farajdokht F, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Dehghani R, Mohaddes G, Abedi L, Bughchechi R, Majdi A, Mahmoudi J. Very low birth weight is associated with brain structure abnormalities and cognitive function impairments: A systematic review. Brain Cogn 2017; 118:80-89. [PMID: 28802183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Very low birth weight (VLBW) children are at risk of structural brain abnormalities and neurocognitive deficits. Since survival rate of the very low birth weight infants has increased over the past decade, a better understanding of the long-term neurocognitive outcomes is needed. The present systematic review investigated the association between VLBW and cognitive function as well as brain structure. PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched up from January 2000 to January 2015. The study was restricted to the articles that were about VLBW and its association with cognitive function and brain structure. The initial search yielded 721 articles. There were 44 studies eligible for inclusion after applying the exclusion criteria: 24 follow-up, 14 cohort, and 6 longitudinal studies. Based on this systematic review, we suggest that VLBW is positively related to several cognitive problems and brain structure abnormalities. These findings provide evidence about the importance of early assessment of cognitive development and brain structure to identify at-risk children and provide their specific requirements as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Dehghani
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Abedi
- Department of Statistic and Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ramin Bughchechi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Grothe MJ, Scheef L, Bäuml J, Meng C, Daamen M, Baumann N, Zimmer C, Teipel S, Bartmann P, Boecker H, Wolke D, Wohlschläger A, Sorg C. Reduced Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Integrity Links Neonatal Complications and Adult Cognitive Deficits After Premature Birth. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:119-126. [PMID: 28129944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prematurely born individuals have an increased risk for long-term neurocognitive impairments. In animal models, development of the cholinergic basal forebrain (cBF) is selectively vulnerable to adverse effects of perinatal stressors, and impaired cBF integrity results in lasting cognitive deficits. We hypothesized that cBF integrity is impaired in prematurely born individuals and mediates adult cognitive impairments associated with prematurity. METHODS We used magnetic resonance imaging-based volumetric assessments of a cytoarchitectonically defined cBF region of interest to determine differences in cBF integrity between 99 adults who were born very preterm and/or with very low birth weight and 106 term-born control subjects from the same birth cohort. Magnetic resonance imaging-derived cBF volumes were studied in relation to neonatal clinical complications after delivery and intelligence measures (IQ) in adulthood. RESULTS In adults who were born very preterm and/or with very low birth weight, cBF volumes were significantly reduced compared with term-born adults (-4.5% [F1,202 = 11.82, p = .001]). Lower cBF volume in adults who were born very preterm and/or with very low birth weight was specifically associated with both neonatal complications (rpart,92 = -.35, p < .001) and adult IQ (rpart,88 = .33, p = .001) even after controlling for global gray matter and white matter volume. In a path analytic model, cBF volume significantly mediated the association between neonatal complications and adult cognitive deficits. CONCLUSIONS We provide first-time evidence in humans that cBF integrity is impaired after premature birth and links neonatal complications with long-term cognitive outcome. Data suggest that cholinergic system abnormalities may play a relevant role for long-term neurocognitive impairments associated with premature delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas Scheef
- Functional Neuroimaging Group, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
| | - Josef Bäuml
- Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Technische Universität München-Neuroimaging Center of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Chun Meng
- Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Technische Universität München-Neuroimaging Center of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Functional Neuroimaging Group, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
| | - Nicole Baumann
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Bartmann
- Department of Radiology, and Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
| | - Henning Boecker
- Functional Neuroimaging Group, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Afra Wohlschläger
- Technische Universität München-Neuroimaging Center of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Wehrle FM, Latal B, O'Gorman RL, Hagmann CF, Huber R. Sleep EEG maps the functional neuroanatomy of executive processes in adolescents born very preterm. Cortex 2017; 86:11-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
Executive function (EF) refers to the set of cognitive processes involved in the self-regulation of emotion and goal-directed behavior. These skills and the brain systems that support them develop throughout childhood and are frequently compromised in preterm children, even in those with broadly average global cognitive ability. Risks for deficits in EF in preterm children and attendant problems in learning and psychosocial functioning are higher in those with more extreme prematurity, neonatal complications, and related brain abnormalities. Associations of higher levels of EF with more supportive home and school environments suggest a potential for attenuating these risks, especially with early identification. Further research is needed to understand how deficits in EF evolve in preterm children, refine assessment methods, and develop interventions that either promote the development of EF in this population or help children to compensate for these weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Gerry Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Caron A.C. Clark
- Department of Education, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Hippocampal volume reduction is associated with intellectual functions in adolescents with congenital heart disease. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:531-7. [PMID: 27356084 PMCID: PMC8920533 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents undergoing early cardiopulmonary bypass surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) may demonstrate a variety of neurocognitive impairments. These impairments can affect overall intellectual functions, but also specific memory deficits, language, and executive functions. As the hippocampus is a critical structure involved in these functions, we sought to determine whether hippocampal volume was reduced in adolescents with CHD and whether altered volumes were related to functional outcome. METHODS At a mean age of 13.8 y, 48 adolescent survivors of childhood cardiopulmonary bypass surgery for CHD and 32 healthy controls underwent neurocognitive testing and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. Images were quantitatively analyzed using an automated regional segmentation tool (FSL-FIRST). RESULTS Adolescents with CHD had 10% lower total hippocampal volumes compared with controls. After controlling for total brain volume, total hippocampal volume correlated with total IQ, with working memory, and verbal comprehension in CHD patients, but not in controls. CONCLUSIONS In adolescent survivors of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery for CHD, specific brain regions such as the hippocampus may show long-term persistent alteration and correlate with intellectual deficits, particularly with verbal and memory functions.
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Tseng CEJ, Froudist-Walsh S, Brittain PJ, Karolis V, Caldinelli C, Kroll J, Counsell SJ, Williams SCR, Murray RM, Nosarti C. A multimodal imaging study of recognition memory in very preterm born adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:644-655. [PMID: 27647705 PMCID: PMC5244672 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Very preterm (<32 weeks of gestation) birth is associated with structural brain alterations and memory impairments throughout childhood and adolescence. Here, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to study the neuroanatomy of recognition memory in 49 very preterm‐born adults and 50 controls (mean age: 30 years) during completion of a task involving visual encoding and recognition of abstract pictures. T1‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted images were also collected. Bilateral hippocampal volumes were calculated and tractography of the fornix and cingulum was performed and assessed in terms of volume and hindrance modulated orientational anisotropy (HMOA). Online recognition memory task performance, assessed with A scores, was poorer in the very preterm compared with the control group. Analysis of fMRI data focused on differences in neural activity between the recognition and encoding trials. Very preterm born adults showed decreased activation in the right middle frontal gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus and increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral lateral occipital cortex (LOC) compared with controls. Hippocampi, fornix and cingulum volume was significantly smaller and fornix HMOA was lower in very preterm adults. Among all the structural and functional brain metrics that showed statistically significant group differences, LOC activation was the best predictor of online task performance (P = 0.020). In terms of association between brain function and structure, LOC activation was predicted by fornix HMOA in the preterm group only (P = 0.020). These results suggest that neuroanatomical alterations in very preterm born individuals may be underlying their poorer recognition memory performance. Hum Brain Mapp 38:644–655, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-En Jane Tseng
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Seán Froudist-Walsh
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Brittain
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Vyacheslav Karolis
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Caldinelli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmin Kroll
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven C R Williams
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Nosarti
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Brumbaugh JE, Conrad AL, Lee JK, DeVolder IJ, Zimmerman MB, Magnotta VA, Axelson ED, Nopoulos PC. Altered brain function, structure, and developmental trajectory in children born late preterm. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:197-203. [PMID: 27064239 PMCID: PMC4990473 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late preterm birth (34-36 wk gestation) is a common occurrence with potential for altered brain development. METHODS This observational cohort study compared children at age 6-13 y based on the presence or absence of the historical risk factor of late preterm birth. Children completed a battery of cognitive assessments and underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. RESULTS Late preterm children (n = 52) demonstrated slower processing speed (P = 0.035) and scored more poorly in visual-spatial perception (P = 0.032) and memory (P = 0.007) than full-term children (n = 74). Parents of late preterm children reported more behavioral difficulty (P = 0.004). There were no group differences in cognitive ability or academic achievement. Imaging revealed similar intracranial volumes but less total tissue and more cerebrospinal fluid (P = 0.004) for late preterm children compared to full-term children. The tissue difference was driven by differences in the cerebrum (P = 0.028) and distributed across cortical (P = 0.051) and subcortical tissue (P = 0.047). Late preterm children had a relatively smaller thalamus (P = 0.012) than full-term children. Only full-term children demonstrated significant decreases in cortical tissue volume (P < 0.001) and thickness (P < 0.001) with age. CONCLUSION Late preterm birth may affect cognition, behavior, and brain structure well beyond infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E. Brumbaugh
- (corresponding author) Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, 8805 JPP, Iowa City, IA 52242, , Phone (w): 319-384-6231, Phone (c): 651-260-5035, Fax: 319-356-4685
| | - Amy L. Conrad
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jessica K. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ian J. DeVolder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Eric D. Axelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peggy C. Nopoulos
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Rimol LM, Bjuland KJ, Løhaugen GC, Martinussen M, Evensen KAI, Indredavik MS, Brubakk AM, Eikenes L, Håberg AK, Skranes J. Cortical trajectories during adolescence in preterm born teenagers with very low birthweight. Cortex 2016; 75:120-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Sølsnes AE, Sripada K, Yendiki A, Bjuland KJ, Østgård HF, Aanes S, Grunewaldt KH, Løhaugen GC, Eikenes L, Håberg AK, Rimol LM, Skranes J. Limited microstructural and connectivity deficits despite subcortical volume reductions in school-aged children born preterm with very low birth weight. Neuroimage 2015; 130:24-34. [PMID: 26712340 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth and very low birth weight (VLBW, ≤1500 g) are worldwide problems that burden survivors with lifelong cognitive, psychological, and physical challenges. In this multimodal structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion MRI (dMRI) study, we investigated differences in subcortical brain volumes and white matter tract properties in children born preterm with VLBW compared to term-born controls (mean age=8 years). Subcortical brain structure volumes and cortical thickness estimates were obtained, and fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) were generated for 18 white matter tracts. We also assessed structural relationships between white matter tracts and cortical thickness of the tract endpoints. Compared to controls, the VLBW group had reduced volumes of thalamus, globus pallidus, corpus callosum, cerebral white matter, ventral diencephalon, and brain stem, while the ventricular system was larger in VLBW subjects, after controlling for age, sex, IQ, and estimated total intracranial volume. For the dMRI parameters, group differences were not significant at the whole-tract level, though pointwise analysis found shorter segments affected in forceps minor and left superior longitudinal fasciculus - temporal bundle. IQ did not correlate with subcortical volumes or dMRI measures in the VLBW group. While the deviations in subcortical volumes were substantial, there were few differences in dMRI measures between the two groups, which may reflect the influence of advances in perinatal care on white matter development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Elisabeth Sølsnes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kam Sripada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Anastasia Yendiki
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Knut Jørgen Bjuland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Heidi Furre Østgård
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Synne Aanes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Hermansen Grunewaldt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gro C Løhaugen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway
| | - Live Eikenes
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asta K Håberg
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Medical Imaging, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars M Rimol
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jon Skranes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway
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Brossard-Racine M, du Plessis AJ, Limperopoulos C. Developmental cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome in ex-preterm survivors following cerebellar injury. THE CEREBELLUM 2015; 14:151-64. [PMID: 25241880 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-014-0597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar injury is increasingly recognized as an important complication of very preterm birth. However, the neurodevelopmental consequences of early life cerebellar injury in prematurely born infants have not been well elucidated. We performed a literature search of studies published between 1997 and 2014 describing neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants following direct cerebellar injury or indirect cerebellar injury/underdevelopment. Available data suggests that both direct and indirect mechanisms of cerebellar injury appear to stunt cerebellar growth and adversely affect neurodevelopment. This review also provides important insights into the highly integrated cerebral-cerebellar structural and functional correlates. Finally, this review highlights that early life impairment of cerebellar growth extends far beyond motor impairments and plays a critical, previously underrecognized role in the long-term cognitive, behavioral, and social deficits associated with brain injury among premature infants. These data point to a developmental form of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome previously described in adults. Longitudinal prospective studies using serial advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques are needed to better delineate the full extent of the role of prematurity-related cerebellar injury and topography in the genesis of cognitive, social-behavioral dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Brossard-Racine
- Advanced Pediatric Brain Imaging Research Laboratory, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA,
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46
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Levesque ML, Fahim C, Ismaylova E, Verner MP, Casey KF, Vitaro F, Brendgen M, Dionne G, Boivin M, Tremblay RE, Booij L. The Impact of the in utero and Early Postnatal Environments on Grey and White Matter Volume: A Study with Adolescent Monozygotic Twins. Dev Neurosci 2015; 37:489-96. [DOI: 10.1159/000430982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal and early postnatal adversities have been shown to be associated with brain development. However, we do not know how much of this association is confounded by genetics, nor whether the postnatal environment can moderate the impact of in utero adversity. This study used a monozygotic (MZ) twin design to assess (1) the association between birth weight (BW) and brain volume in adolescence, (2) the association between within-twin-pair BW discordance and brain volume discordance in adolescence, and (3) whether the association between BW and brain volume in adolescence is mediated or moderated by early negative maternal parenting behaviours. These associations were assessed in a sample of 108 MZ twins followed longitudinally since birth and scanned at age 15. The total grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes were obtained using the Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration Through Exponentiated Lie Algebra (DARTEL) toolbox in the Statistical Parametric Mapping version 8 (SPM8). We found that the BW was significantly associated with the total GM and WM volumes, particularly in the superior frontal gyrus and thalamus. Within-twin-pair discordance in BW was also significantly associated with within-pair discordance in both the GM and the WM volumes, supporting the hypothesis that the specific in utero environment is associated with brain development independently of genetics. Early maternal hostile parenting behaviours and depressive symptoms were associated with total GM volume but not WM volume. Finally, greater early maternal hostility may moderate the association between the BW and GM volume in adolescence, since the positive association between the BW and total GM volume appeared stronger at higher levels of maternal hostility (trend). Together, these findings support the importance of the in utero and early environments for brain development.
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Camerota M, Willoughby MT, Cox M, Greenberg MT. Executive Function in Low Birth Weight Preschoolers: The Moderating Effect of Parenting. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 43:1551-1562. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Camerota
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 3270, 235 E. Cameron Street, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | | | - Martha Cox
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 3270, 235 E. Cameron Street, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mark T Greenberg
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Klaver P, Latal B, Martin E. Occipital cortical thickness in very low birth weight born adolescents predicts altered neural specialization of visual semantic category related neural networks. Neuropsychologia 2014; 67:41-54. [PMID: 25458481 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Very low birth weight (VLBW) premature born infants have a high risk to develop visual perceptual and learning deficits as well as widespread functional and structural brain abnormalities during infancy and childhood. Whether and how prematurity alters neural specialization within visual neural networks is still unknown. We used functional and structural brain imaging to examine the visual semantic system of VLBW born (<1250 g, gestational age 25-32 weeks) adolescents (13-15 years, n = 11, 3 males) and matched term born control participants (13-15 years, n = 11, 3 males). Neurocognitive assessment revealed no group differences except for lower scores on an adaptive visuomotor integration test. All adolescents were scanned while viewing pictures of animals and tools and scrambled versions of these pictures. Both groups demonstrated animal and tool category related neural networks. Term born adolescents showed tool category related neural activity, i.e. tool pictures elicited more activity than animal pictures, in temporal and parietal brain areas. Animal category related activity was found in the occipital, temporal and frontal cortex. VLBW born adolescents showed reduced tool category related activity in the dorsal visual stream compared with controls, specifically the left anterior intraparietal sulcus, and enhanced animal category related activity in the left middle occipital gyrus and right lingual gyrus. Lower birth weight of VLBW adolescents correlated with larger thickness of the pericalcarine gyrus in the occipital cortex and smaller surface area of the superior temporal gyrus in the lateral temporal cortex. Moreover, larger thickness of the pericalcarine gyrus and smaller surface area of the superior temporal gyrus correlated with reduced tool category related activity in the parietal cortex. Together, our data suggest that very low birth weight predicts alterations of higher order visual semantic networks, particularly in the dorsal stream. The differences in neural specialization may be associated with aberrant cortical development of areas in the visual system that develop early in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Klaver
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Center for MR Research and Children׳s Research Center, University Children׳s Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Neuroscience, University of Zurich/ETHZ, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Beatrice Latal
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Child Development Center and Children׳s Research Center, University Children׳s Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Martin
- Center for MR Research and Children׳s Research Center, University Children׳s Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
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Kalpakidou AK, Allin MPG, Walshe M, Giampietro V, McGuire PK, Rifkin L, Murray RM, Nosarti C. Functional neuroanatomy of executive function after neonatal brain injury in adults who were born very preterm. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113975. [PMID: 25438043 PMCID: PMC4250191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals who were born very preterm (VPT; <33 gestational weeks) are at risk of experiencing deficits in tasks involving executive function in childhood and beyond. In addition, the type and severity of neonatal brain injury associated with very preterm birth may exert differential effects on executive functioning by altering its neuroanatomical substrates. Here we addressed this question by investigating with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) the haemodynamic response during executive-type processing using a phonological verbal fluency and a working memory task in VPT-born young adults who had experienced differing degrees of neonatal brain injury. 12 VPT individuals with a history of periventricular haemorrhage and ventricular dilatation (PVH+VD), 17 VPT individuals with a history of uncomplicated periventricular haemorrhage (UPVH), 13 VPT individuals with no history of neonatal brain injury and 17 controls received an MRI scan whilst completing a verbal fluency task with two cognitive loads (‘easy’ and ‘hard’ letters). Two groups of VPT individuals (PVH+VD; n = 10, UPVH; n = 8) performed an n-back task with three cognitive loads (1-, 2-, 3-back). Results demonstrated that VPT individuals displayed hyperactivation in frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices and in caudate nucleus, insula and thalamus compared to controls, as demands of the verbal fluency task increased, regardless of type of neonatal brain injury. On the other hand, during the n-back task and as working memory load increased, the PVH+VD group showed less engagement of the frontal cortex than the UPVH group. In conclusion, this study suggests that the functional neuroanatomy of different executive-type processes is altered following VPT birth and that neural activation associated with specific aspects of executive function (i.e., working memory) may be particularly sensitive to the extent of neonatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia K. Kalpakidou
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew P. G. Allin
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muriel Walshe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip K. McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Larry Rifkin
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Nosarti
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Clark CAC, Woodward LJ. Relation of perinatal risk and early parenting to executive control at the transition to school. Dev Sci 2014; 18:525-42. [PMID: 25288501 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Executive control (EC) develops rapidly during the preschool years and is central to academic achievement and functional outcome. Although children with perinatal adversity are at known risk for EC impairments, little is known about the underlying nature of these impairments or the mechanisms that contribute to their development over time. Drawing on a cohort of 110 high-risk children born very preterm (VPT; < 33 weeks / < 1500 g) and 113 healthy full-term children, this study examined the implications of perinatal adversity and early parenting for children's EC as they transitioned to formal schooling. Parent supportive presence, intrusiveness, and parent-child synchrony were observed during a series of problem-solving tasks at ages 2 and 4 years. At age 6, children completed a comprehensive battery of EC tasks. Academic outcomes were assessed at age 9. The VPT group showed global EC impairments at age 6, although the unitary factor that best characterized the structure of EC was the same in both groups. High-risk dyads were characterized by more intrusive and less synchronous parent-child interactions in early childhood, which in turn predicted poorer child EC at age 6. EC partially mediated the relation of risk status to poorer academic achievement at age 9. Findings demonstrate the cumulative effects of perinatal adversity on children's EC in the crucial transition to schooling. They also highlight the importance of the parent-child relationship as a target for intervention efforts to help mitigate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caron A C Clark
- Department of Psychology and Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Lianne J Woodward
- Departments of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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