1
|
Mărunţelu I, Constantinescu AE, Covache-Busuioc RA, Constantinescu I. The Golgi Apparatus: A Key Player in Innate Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4120. [PMID: 38612929 PMCID: PMC11012725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus, long recognized for its roles in protein processing and vesicular trafficking, has recently been identified as a crucial contributor to innate immune signaling pathways. This review discusses our expanding understanding of the Golgi apparatus's involvement in initiating and activating these pathways. It highlights the significance of membrane connections between the Golgi and other organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, endosomes, and autophagosomes. These connections are vital for the efficient transmission of innate immune signals and the activation of effector responses. Furthermore, the article delves into the Golgi apparatus's roles in key immune pathways, including the inflammasome-mediated activation of caspase-1, the cGAS-STING pathway, and TLR/RLR signaling. Overall, this review aims to provide insights into the multifunctional nature of the Golgi apparatus and its impact on innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ion Mărunţelu
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Centre of Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra-Elena Constantinescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-E.C.); (R.-A.C.-B.)
- “Emil Palade” Center of Excellence for Young Researchers (EP-CEYR), Romanian Academy of Scientists (AOSR), 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-E.C.); (R.-A.C.-B.)
| | - Ileana Constantinescu
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Centre of Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- “Emil Palade” Center of Excellence for Young Researchers (EP-CEYR), Romanian Academy of Scientists (AOSR), 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Scientists (AOSR), 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu W, Xia X, Tang L, Luo J, Xiong S, Ma G, Lei H. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase as a therapeutic target in angiogenic disease. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109646. [PMID: 37716399 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) generate lipids that control multitudinous intracellular cell signaling events which participate in cell survival and proliferation. In addition, PI3K signaling also contributes to metabolism, immunity, angiogenesis and cardiovascular homeostasis, and many diseases. The diverse actions of PI3K stem from the existence of their various isoforms and a variety of protein effectors. Hence, PI3K isoform-specific inhibitors have already achieved a wonderful effect on treating cancer. Herein, we summarize the molecular mechanism of PI3K inhibitors in preventing the permeability of vessels and neovascularization. Additionally, we briefly illustrate how PI3K signaling modulates blood vessel growth and discuss the different roles that PI3K isoforms play in angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Luosheng Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siqi Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gaoen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Hetian Lei
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akefe IO, Osborne SL, Matthews B, Wallis TP, Meunier FA. Lipids and Secretory Vesicle Exocytosis. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 33:357-397. [PMID: 37615874 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34229-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of studies implicating lipids in the regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis has risen considerably. It has become increasingly clear that lipids such as phosphoinositides, lysophospholipids, cholesterol, arachidonic acid and myristic acid play critical regulatory roles in the processes leading up to exocytosis. Lipids may affect membrane fusion reactions by altering the physical properties of the membrane, recruiting key regulatory proteins, concentrating proteins into exocytic "hotspots" or by modulating protein functions allosterically. Discrete changes in phosphoinositides concentration are involved in multiple trafficking events including exocytosis and endocytosis. Lipid-modifying enzymes such as the DDHD2 isoform of phospholipase A1 were recently shown to contribute to memory acquisition via dynamic modifications of the brain lipid landscape. Considering the increasing reports on neurodegenerative disorders associated with aberrant intracellular trafficking, an improved understanding of the control of lipid pathways is physiologically and clinically significant and will afford unique insights into mechanisms and therapeutic methods for neurodegenerative diseases. Consequently, this chapter will discuss the different classes of lipids, phospholipase enzymes, the evidence linking them to synaptic neurotransmitter release and how they act to regulate key steps in the multi-step process leading to neuronal communication and memory acquisition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac O Akefe
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Shona L Osborne
- ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology (CIBIT), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin Matthews
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Tristan P Wallis
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lack of Functional P110δ Affects Expression of Activation Marker CD80 but Does Not Influence Functions of Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126361. [PMID: 35742807 PMCID: PMC9223848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are specialized immune cells that are essential constituents of the innate immune response. They defend the organism against pathogens through various mechanisms. It was reported that phosphatidylinositols are key players in neutrophil functions, especially in the activity of class-I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). P110δ, one of the PI3K subunits, is mostly expressed in immune cells, and its activity plays an important role in inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of p110δ in neutrophil antimicrobial functions, activation status and cytokine production. To this end, we used bone marrow and splenic neutrophils isolated from a murine model expressing catalytically inactive p110δD910A/D910A. The level of phagocytosis and degranulation, the expressions of activation markers and cytokine production were determined by flow cytometry. ROS generation and NET release were assessed by fluorometry and fluorescent microscopy. We observed a significantly higher percentage of CD80-positive cells among the splenic granulocytes and found granulocytes subpopulations of differing phenotypes between WT and p110δD910A/D910A mice by multiparametric tSNE analysis. Moreover, we detected some differences in the expressions of activation markers, intracellular production of cytokines and bacterial killing. However, we did not observe any alterations in the selected neutrophil functions in p110δ mutant mice. Altogether, our data suggest that the catalytic p110 subunit(s), other than p110δ, is a key player in most neutrophil functions in mice. A follow-up study to correlate these in vitro results with in vivo observations is highly recommended.
Collapse
|
5
|
Coras R, Murillo-Saich JD, Singh AG, Kavanaugh A, Guma M. Lipidomic Profiling in Synovial Tissue. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:857135. [PMID: 35492314 PMCID: PMC9051397 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.857135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of synovial tissue offers the potential for the comprehensive characterization of cell types involved in arthritis pathogenesis. The studies performed to date in synovial tissue have made it possible to define synovial pathotypes, which relate to disease severity and response to treatment. Lipidomics is the branch of metabolomics that allows the quantification and identification of lipids in different biological samples. Studies in animal models of arthritis and in serum/plasma from patients with arthritis suggest the involvement of different types of lipids (glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, sphingolipids, oxylipins, fatty acids) in the pathogenesis of arthritis. We reviewed studies that quantified lipids in different types of tissues and their relationship with inflammation. We propose that combining lipidomics with currently used “omics” techniques can improve the information obtained from the analysis of synovial tissue, for a better understanding of pathogenesis and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Coras
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica D. Murillo-Saich
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Abha G. Singh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Arthur Kavanaugh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Monica Guma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- San Diego VA Healthcare Service, San Diego, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Monica Guma
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wen Z, Lin S, Li C, Ouyang Z, Chen Z, Li S, Huang Y, Luo W, Zheng Z, Guo P, Kuang M, Ding Y. MiR-92a/KLF4/p110δ regulates titanium particles-induced macrophages inflammation and osteolysis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:197. [PMID: 35418181 PMCID: PMC9007998 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As total joint replacement is widely applied for severe arthropathy, peri-prosthetic aseptic loosening as one of the main causes of implant failure has drawn wide attention. Wear particles such as titanium particles (TiPs) derived from prosthesis can initiate macrophages inflammation and sequentially activate osteoclasts, which results in bone resorption and osteolysis for long-term. Therefore, inhibiting wear particles induced macrophages inflammation is considered as a promising therapy for AL. In this research, we found that the inhibition of p110δ, a member of class IA PI3Ks family, could significantly dampen the TiPs-induced secretion of TNFα and IL-6. By the transfection of siRNA targeting p110δ, we confirmed that p110δ was responsible for TNFα and IL-6 trafficking out of Golgi complex without affecting their expression in TiPs-treated macrophages. As the upstream transcription-repressor of p110δ, Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), targeted by miR-92a, could also attenuate TiPs-induced inflammation by mediating NF-κB pathway and M1/M2 polarization. To further ascertain the roles of KLF4/p110δ, TiPs-induced mice cranial osteolysis model was established and vivo experiments validated that KLF4-knockdown could exacerbate TiPs-induced osteolysis, which was strikingly ameliorated by knockdown of p110δ. In summary, our study suggests the key role of miR-92a/KLF4/p110δ signal in TiPs-induced macrophages inflammation and osteolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkang Wen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sipeng Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changchuan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuji Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongcan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peidong Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manyuan Kuang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Domínguez Cadena LC, Schultz TE, Zamoshnikova A, Donovan ML, Mathmann CD, Yu CH, Mori G, Stow JL, Blumenthal A. Rab6b localizes to the Golgi complex in murine macrophages and promotes tumor necrosis factor release in response to mycobacterial infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:1067-1076. [PMID: 34555867 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a central role in the host control of mycobacterial infections. Expression and release of TNF are tightly regulated, yet the molecular mechanisms that control the release of TNF by mycobacteria-infected host cells, in particular macrophages, are incompletely understood. Rab GTPases direct the transport of intracellular membrane-enclosed vesicles and are important regulators of macrophage cytokine secretion. Rab6b is known to be predominantly expressed in the brain where it functions in retrograde transport and anterograde vesicle transport for exocytosis. Whether it executes similar functions in the context of immune responses is unknown. Here we show that Rab6b is expressed by primary mouse macrophages, where it localized to the Golgi complex. Infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) resulted in dynamic changes in Rab6b expression in primary mouse macrophages in vitro as well as in organs from infected mice in vivo. We further show that Rab6b facilitated TNF release by M. bovis BCG-infected macrophages, in the absence of discernible impact on Tnf messenger RNA and intracellular TNF protein expression. Our observations identify Rab6b as a positive regulator of M. bovis BCG-induced TNF trafficking and secretion by macrophages and positions Rab6b among the molecular machinery that orchestrates inflammatory cytokine responses by macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Domínguez Cadena
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas E Schultz
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alina Zamoshnikova
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Meg L Donovan
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carmen D Mathmann
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chien-Hsiung Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Giorgia Mori
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fan Z, Pathak JL, Ge L. The Potential Role of RP105 in Regulation of Inflammation and Osteoclastogenesis During Inflammatory Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:713254. [PMID: 34414191 PMCID: PMC8369417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.713254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases have a negative impact on bone homeostasis via exacerbated local and systemic inflammation. Bone resorbing osteoclasts are mainly derived from hematopoietic precursors and bone marrow monocytes. Induced osteoclastogenesis during inflammation, autoimmunity, metabolic diseases, and cancers is associated with bone loss and osteoporosis. Proinflammatory cytokines, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or endogenous pathogenic factors induce osteoclastogenic differentiation by binding to the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family expressed on surface of osteoclast precursors. As a non-canonical member of the TLRs, radioprotective 105 kDa (RP105 or CD180) and its ligand, myeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD1), are involved in several bone metabolic disorders. Reports from literature had demonstrated RP105 as an important activator of B cells, bone marrow monocytes, and macrophages, which regulates inflammatory cytokines release from immune cells. Reports from literature had shown the association between RP105 and other TLRs, and the downstream signaling mechanisms of RP105 with different “signaling-competent” partners in immune cells during different disease conditions. This review is focused to summarize: (1) the role of RP105 on immune cells’ function and inflammation regulation (2) the potential regulatory roles of RP105 in different disease-mediated osteoclast activation and the underlying mechanisms, and (3) the different “signaling-competent” partners of RP105 that regulates osteoclastogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhu Ge
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Clark I, Vissel B. Broader Insights into Understanding Tumor Necrosis Factor and Neurodegenerative Disease Pathogenesis Infer New Therapeutic Approaches. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:931-948. [PMID: 33459706 PMCID: PMC7990436 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), with its now appreciated key roles in neurophysiology as well as neuropathophysiology, are sufficiently well-documented to be useful tools for enquiry into the natural history of neurodegenerative diseases. We review the broader literature on TNF to rationalize why abruptly-acquired neurodegenerative states do not exhibit the remorseless clinical progression seen in those states with gradual onsets. We propose that the three typically non-worsening neurodegenerative syndromes, post-stroke, post-traumatic brain injury (TBI), and post cardiac arrest, usually become and remain static because of excess cerebral TNF induced by the initial dramatic peak keeping microglia chronically activated through an autocrine loop of microglial activation through excess cerebral TNF. The existence of this autocrine loop rationalizes post-damage repair with perispinal etanercept and proposes a treatment for cerebral aspects of COVID-19 chronicity. Another insufficiently considered aspect of cerebral proinflammatory cytokines is the fitness of the endogenous cerebral anti-TNF system provided by norepinephrine (NE), generated and distributed throughout the brain from the locus coeruleus (LC). We propose that an intact LC, and therefore an intact NE-mediated endogenous anti-cerebral TNF system, plus the DAMP (damage or danger-associated molecular pattern) input having diminished, is what allows post-stroke, post-TBI, and post cardiac arrest patients a strong long-term survival advantage over Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease sufferers. In contrast, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease patients remorselessly worsen, being handicapped by sustained, accumulating, DAMP and PAMP (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) input, as well as loss of the LC-origin, NE-mediated, endogenous anti-cerebral TNF system. Adrenergic receptor agonists may counter this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I.A. Clark
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - B. Vissel
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nieuwenhuis B, Barber AC, Evans RS, Pearson CS, Fuchs J, MacQueen AR, van Erp S, Haenzi B, Hulshof LA, Osborne A, Conceicao R, Khatib TZ, Deshpande SS, Cave J, Ffrench‐Constant C, Smith PD, Okkenhaug K, Eickholt BJ, Martin KR, Fawcett JW, Eva R. PI 3-kinase delta enhances axonal PIP 3 to support axon regeneration in the adult CNS. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11674. [PMID: 32558386 PMCID: PMC7411663 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons support axon regeneration into adulthood, whereas central nervous system (CNS) neurons lose regenerative ability after development. To better understand this decline whilst aiming to improve regeneration, we focused on phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its product phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3 ). We demonstrate that adult PNS neurons utilise two catalytic subunits of PI3K for axon regeneration: p110α and p110δ. However, in the CNS, axonal PIP3 decreases with development at the time when axon transport declines and regenerative competence is lost. Overexpressing p110α in CNS neurons had no effect; however, expression of p110δ restored axonal PIP3 and increased regenerative axon transport. p110δ expression enhanced CNS regeneration in both rat and human neurons and in transgenic mice, functioning in the same way as the hyperactivating H1047R mutation of p110α. Furthermore, viral delivery of p110δ promoted robust regeneration after optic nerve injury. These findings establish a deficit of axonal PIP3 as a key reason for intrinsic regeneration failure and demonstrate that native p110δ facilitates axon regeneration by functioning in a hyperactive fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Nieuwenhuis
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor SystemsNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Amanda C Barber
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Rachel S Evans
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Craig S Pearson
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Joachim Fuchs
- Institute of BiochemistryCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Amy R MacQueen
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and DevelopmentBabraham InstituteCambridgeUK
| | - Susan van Erp
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Barbara Haenzi
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Lianne A Hulshof
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Andrew Osborne
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Raquel Conceicao
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Tasneem Z Khatib
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Sarita S Deshpande
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Joshua Cave
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | | | | | - Britta J Eickholt
- Institute of BiochemistryCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Keith R Martin
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Centre for Eye Research AustraliaRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalMelbourneVic.Australia
- OphthalmologyDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - James W Fawcett
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Centre of Reconstructive NeuroscienceInstitute of Experimental MedicineCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Richard Eva
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Reimer E, Stempel M, Chan B, Bley H, Brinkmann MM. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B is involved in efficient type I interferon secretion upon viral infection. J Cell Sci 2020; 134:jcs246421. [PMID: 32265274 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B, also known as PTPN1) is a negative regulator of the leptin and insulin signalling pathways. This phosphatase is of great interest as PTP1B-knockout mice are protected against the development of obesity and diabetes. Here, we provide evidence for a novel function of PTP1B that is independent of its phosphatase activity, but requires its localisation to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Upon activation of pattern recognition receptors, macrophages and plasmacytoid dendritic cells from PTP1B-knockout mice secrete lower amounts of type I interferon (IFN) than cells from wild-type mice. In contrast, secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL6 was unaltered. While PTP1B deficiency did not affect Ifnb1 transcription, type I IFN accumulated in macrophages, suggesting a role for PTP1B in mediating secretion of type I IFN. In summary, we have uncovered that PTP1B positively regulates the type I IFN response by promoting secretion of key antiviral cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Reimer
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Stempel
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Genetics, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Baca Chan
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hanna Bley
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Melanie M Brinkmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Genetics, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Martínez-Mármol R, Mohannak N, Qian L, Wang T, Gormal RS, Ruitenberg MJ, Vanhaesebroeck B, Coulson EJ, Meunier FA. p110δ PI3-Kinase Inhibition Perturbs APP and TNFα Trafficking, Reduces Plaque Burden, Dampens Neuroinflammation, and Prevents Cognitive Decline in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7976-7991. [PMID: 31363064 PMCID: PMC6774409 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0674-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to produce the toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Accumulation of Aβ, together with the concomitant inflammatory response, ultimately leads to neuronal death and cognitive decline. Despite AD progression being underpinned by both neuronal and immunological components, therapeutic strategies based on dual targeting of these systems remains unexplored. Here, we report that inactivation of the p110δ isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) reduces anterograde axonal trafficking of APP in hippocampal neurons and dampens secretion of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha by microglial cells in the familial AD APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model. Moreover, APP/PS1 mice with kinase-inactive PI3Kδ (δD910A) had reduced Aβ peptides levels and plaques in the brain and an abrogated inflammatory response compared with APP/PS1 littermates. Mechanistic investigations reveal that PI3Kδ inhibition decreases the axonal transport of APP by eliciting the formation of highly elongated tubular-shaped APP-containing carriers, reducing the levels of secreted Aβ peptide. Importantly, APP/PS1/δD910A mice exhibited no spatial learning or memory deficits. Our data highlight inhibition of PI3Kδ as a new approach to protect against AD pathology due to its dual action of dampening microglial-dependent neuroinflammation and reducing plaque burden by inhibition of neuronal APP trafficking and processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT During Alzheimer's disease (AD), the accumulation of the toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in plaques is associated with a chronic excessive inflammatory response. Uncovering new drug targets that simultaneously reduce both Aβ plaque load and neuroinflammation holds therapeutic promise. Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological approaches, we found that the p110δ isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is involved in anterograde trafficking of the amyloid precursor protein in neurons and in the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from microglial cells. Genetic inactivation of PI3Kδ reduces Aβ plaque deposition and abrogates the inflammatory response, resulting in a complete rescue of the life span and spatial memory performance. We conclude that inhibiting PI3Kδ represents a novel therapeutic approach to ameliorate AD pathology by dampening plaque accumulation and microglial-dependent neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Martínez-Mármol
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Nika Mohannak
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Lei Qian
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia, and
| | - Tong Wang
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Rachel S Gormal
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia, and
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- Cell Signalling, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Coulson
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia,
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia, and
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Enya Chen YC, Burgess M, Mapp S, Mollee P, Gill D, Blumenthal A, Saunders NA. PI3K-p110δ contributes to antibody responses by macrophages in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2019; 34:451-461. [PMID: 31462739 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fcγ receptor (FcγR) signalling in monocyte derived macrophages from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients is poorly understood. This signalling pathway is the key determinant of the ability of the macrophages to respond to therapeutic antibodies in current clinical use for CLL. Muted FcγR signalling activity accompanies disease progression and results in resistance to therapeutic antibodies. The molecular mechanisms controlling FcγR signalling and resistance are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit p110δ is essential for CLL-derived macrophages to respond to therapeutic antibodies. Inhibition of p110δ in the macrophages reduces FcγR-mediated antibody immune responses. Surprisingly, our studies indicated that FcγR downstream signalling is independent of SYK and BTK activity. Thus, we show that FcγR antibody responses occur via a previously unidentified p110δ-dependent pathway, which is independent of the previously described SYK/BTK activation pathway. These data provide novel insights into the effectors of antibody responses. Our data also provide mechanistic insights into therapy resistance in CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Enya Chen
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Melinda Burgess
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Cancer Services Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Sally Mapp
- Department of Haematology, Cancer Services Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Mollee
- Department of Haematology, Cancer Services Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Devinder Gill
- Department of Haematology, Cancer Services Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Saunders
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jeong JS, Kim JS, Kim SR, Lee YC. Defining Bronchial Asthma with Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Delta Activation: Towards Endotype-Driven Management. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143525. [PMID: 31323822 PMCID: PMC6679152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways play a critical role in orchestrating the chronic inflammation and the structural changes of the airways in patients with asthma. Recently, a great deal of progress has been made in developing selective and effective PI3K-targeted therapies on the basis of a vast amount of studies on the roles of specific PI3K isoforms and fine-tuned modulators of PI3Ks in a particular disease context. In particular, the pivotal roles of delta isoform of class I PI3Ks (PI3K-δ) in CD4-positive type 2 helper T cells-dominant disorders such as asthma have been consistently reported since the early investigations. Furthermore, there has been great advancement in our knowledge of the implications of PI3K-δ in various facets of allergic inflammation. This has involved the airway epithelial interface, adaptive T and B cells, potent effector cells (eosinophils and neutrophils), and, more recently, subcellular organelles (endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria) and cytoplasmic innate immune receptors such as NLRP3 inflammasome, all of which make this PI3K isoform an important druggable target for treating asthma. Defining subpopulations of asthma patients with PI3K-δ activation, namely PI3K-δ-driven asthma endotype, may therefore provide us with a novel framework for the treatment of the disease, particularly for corticosteroid-resistant severe form, an important unresolved aspect of the current asthma management. In this review, we specifically summarize the recent advancement of our knowledge on the critical roles of PI3K-δ in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seok Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - So Ri Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Deffieu MS, Alayi TD, Slomianny C, Tomavo S. The Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein TgGRA3 interacts with host Golgi and dysregulates anterograde transport. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.039818. [PMID: 30814066 PMCID: PMC6451337 DOI: 10.1242/bio.039818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
After entry into the host cell, the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii resides within a membrane-bound compartment, the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). The PV defines an intracellular, parasite-specific niche surrounded by host organelles, including the Golgi apparatus. The mechanism by which T. gondii hijacks the host Golgi and subverts its functions remains unknown. Here, we present evidence that the dense granule protein TgGRA3 interacts with host Golgi, leading to the formation of tubules and the entry of host Golgi material into the PV. Targeted disruption of the TgGRA3 gene delays this engulfment of host Golgi. We also demonstrate that TgGRA3 oligomerizes and binds directly to host Golgi membranes. In addition, we show that TgGRA3 dysregulates anterograde transport in the host cell, thereby revealing one of the mechanisms employed by T. gondii to recruit host organelles and divert their functions.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary : Toxoplasma gondii recruits various host organelles to enable parasite intracellular development. We describe a new role for TgGRA3 in modulating the host anterograde transport by binding to the Golgi apparatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maika S Deffieu
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, INSERM U1019, Université de Lille, 59 000 Lille, France
| | | | - Christian Slomianny
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U 1003, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Stanislas Tomavo
- Plateforme de Protéomique et Peptides Modifiés (P3M), CNRS, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France .,Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS UMR 9198, CEA, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Chen X, Chen X, Zhou Z, Xu W, Xu F, Zhang S. AZD8835 inhibits osteoclastogenesis and periodontitis‐induced alveolar bone loss in rats. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:10432-10444. [PMID: 30652303 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yexin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xuzhuo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zhihang Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Feng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Shanyong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid that possesses various biological activities, has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for the management of a variety of diseases. Studies using cell culture system have shown that naringenin can inhibit inflammatory response in diverse cell types. Moreover, research using various animal models has further demonstrated therapeutic potentials of naringenin in the treatment of several inflammation-related disorders, such as sepsis, fulminant hepatitis, fibrosis and cancer. The mechanism of action of naringenin is not completely understood but recent mechanistic studies revealed that naringenin suppresses inflammatory cytokine production through both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Surprisingly, naringenin not only inhibits cytokine mRNA expression but also promotes lysosome-dependent cytokine protein degradation. This unique property of naringenin stands in sharp contrast with some widely-studied natural products such as apigenin and curcumin, which regulate cytokine production essentially at the transcriptional level. Therefore, naringenin may provide modality for the development of novel anti-inflammatory agent. This review article summarizes our recent studies in understanding how naringenin acts in cells and animal models. Particularly, we will discuss the anti-inflammatory activities of naringenin in various disease context and its potential use, as an immunomodulator, in the treatment of inflammatory related disease.
Collapse
|
18
|
Shiwarski DJ, Darr M, Telmer CA, Bruchez MP, Puthenveedu MA. PI3K class II α regulates δ-opioid receptor export from the trans-Golgi network. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2202-2219. [PMID: 28566554 PMCID: PMC5531736 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between signaling and trafficking by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has focused mainly on endocytic trafficking. Whether and how surface delivery of newly synthesized GPCRs is regulated by extracellular signals is less understood. Here we define a signaling-regulated checkpoint at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) that controls the surface delivery of the delta opioid receptor (δR). In PC12 cells, inhibition of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) activity blocked export of newly synthesized δR from the Golgi and delivery to the cell surface, similar to treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF). Depletion of class II phosphoinositide-3 kinase α (PI3K C2A), but not inhibition of class I PI3K, blocked δR export to comparable levels and attenuated δR-mediated cAMP inhibition. NGF treatment displaced PI3K C2A from the Golgi and optogenetic recruitment of the PI3K C2A kinase domain to the TGN-induced δR export downstream of NGF. Of importance, PI3K C2A expression promotes export of endogenous δR in primary trigeminal ganglion neurons. Taken together, our results identify PI3K C2A as being required and sufficient for δR export and surface delivery in neuronal cells and suggest that it could be a key modulator of a novel Golgi export checkpoint that coordinates GPCR delivery to the surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Shiwarski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Marlena Darr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Cheryl A Telmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Marcel P Bruchez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Manojkumar A Puthenveedu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 .,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Köberlin MS, Heinz LX, Superti-Furga G. Functional crosstalk between membrane lipids and TLR biology. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 39:28-36. [PMID: 26895312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important transmembrane proteins of the innate immune system that detect invading pathogens and subsequently orchestrate an immune response. The ensuing inflammatory processes are connected to lipid metabolism at multiple levels. Here, we describe different aspects of how membrane lipids can shape the response of TLRs. Recent reports have uncovered the role of individual lipid species on membrane protein function and mouse models have contributed to the understanding of how changes in lipid metabolism alter TLR signaling, endocytosis, and cytokine secretion. Finally, we discuss the importance of systematic approaches to identify the function of individual lipid species or the composition of membrane lipids in TLR-related processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marielle S Köberlin
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard X Heinz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gracias DT, Boesteanu AC, Fraietta JA, Hope JL, Carey AJ, Mueller YM, Kawalekar OU, Fike AJ, June CH, Katsikis PD. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase p110δ Isoform Regulates CD8+ T Cell Responses during Acute Viral and Intracellular Bacterial Infections. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1186-98. [PMID: 26740110 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The p110δ isoform of PI3K is known to play an important role in immunity, yet its contribution to CTL responses has not been fully elucidated. Using murine p110δ-deficient CD8(+) T cells, we demonstrated a critical role for the p110δ subunit in the generation of optimal primary and memory CD8(+) T cell responses. This was demonstrated in both acute viral and intracellular bacterial infections in mice. We show that p110δ signaling is required for CD8(+) T cell activation, proliferation and effector cytokine production. We provide evidence that the effects of p110δ signaling are mediated via Akt activation and through the regulation of TCR-activated oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis. In light of recent clinical trials that employ drugs targeting p110δ in certain cancers and other diseases, our study suggests caution in using these drugs in patients, as they could potentially increase susceptibility to infectious diseases. These studies therefore reveal a novel and direct role for p110δ signaling in in vivo CD8(+) T cell immunity to microbial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald T Gracias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Alina C Boesteanu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jennifer L Hope
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129; Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Alison J Carey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129; Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129; Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Omkar U Kawalekar
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129; Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hammadi SA, Almarzooqi S, Abdul-Kader HM, Saraswathiamma D, Souid AK. The PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib suppresses liver and lung cellular respiration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 7:115-125. [PMID: 26823960 PMCID: PMC4697667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Idelalisib (an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-delta) is approved for treatment of B-cell malignancies, with a Boxed Warning concerning potentially fatal hepatic, lung, and intestinal toxicities. The mechanisms of these tissue-specific adverse events have yet to be elucidated. This in vitro study investigated whether these effects could be attributed, at least in part, to altered cellular bioenergetics. A phosphorescence analyzer was used to measure cellular mitochondrial O2 consumption (kc , µM O2 min(-1) mg(-1)) in C57BL/6 mouse organs in the presence of 10 µM idelalisib or dimethyl-sulfoxide. Idelalisib significantly reduced the rate of cellular respiration in liver and lung fragments by 20% and 27%, respectively. Respiration in intestinal, thymic, and kidney fragments was unaffected. Idelalisib did not alter respiratory chain activities in mitochondria isolated from the liver and did not induce hepatocyte death. Thus, the drug mildly lowers liver and lung cellular respiration, an effect that may contribute to toxicities observed in these organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Al Hammadi
- Department of Pediatrics, UAE UniversityAl-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeeda Almarzooqi
- Department of Pathology, UAE UniversityAl-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Abdul-Kader Souid
- Department of Pediatrics, UAE UniversityAl-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu CH, Micaroni M, Puyskens A, Schultz TE, Yeo JC, Stanley AC, Lucas M, Kurihara J, Dobos KM, Stow JL, Blumenthal A. RP105 Engages Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase p110δ To Facilitate the Trafficking and Secretion of Cytokines in Macrophages during Mycobacterial Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3890-900. [PMID: 26371254 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are key regulators of adequate immune responses to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We demonstrate that the p110δ catalytic subunit of PI3K acts as a downstream effector of the TLR family member RP105 (CD180) in promoting mycobacteria-induced cytokine production by macrophages. Our data show that the significantly reduced release of TNF and IL-6 by RP105(-/-) macrophages during mycobacterial infection was not accompanied by diminished mRNA or protein expression. Mycobacteria induced comparable activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling in wild-type (WT) and RP105(-/-) macrophages. In contrast, mycobacteria-induced phosphorylation of Akt was abrogated in RP105(-/-) macrophages. The p110δ-specific inhibitor, Cal-101, and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of p110δ diminished mycobacteria-induced TNF secretion by WT but not RP105(-/-) macrophages. Such interference with p110δ activity led to reduced surface-expressed TNF in WT but not RP105(-/-) macrophages, while leaving TNF mRNA and protein expression unaffected. Activity of Bruton's tyrosine kinase was required for RP105-mediated activation of Akt phosphorylation and TNF release by mycobacteria-infected macrophages. These data unveil a novel innate immune signaling axis that orchestrates key cytokine responses of macrophages and provide molecular insight into the functions of RP105 as an innate immune receptor for mycobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiung Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Massimo Micaroni
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andreas Puyskens
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Thomas E Schultz
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Jeremy Changyu Yeo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Amanda C Stanley
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Megan Lucas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523; and
| | - Jade Kurihara
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523; and
| | - Karen M Dobos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523; and
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Meng J, Wang J. Role of SNARE proteins in tumourigenesis and their potential as targets for novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:1-12. [PMID: 25956199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The function of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) in cellular trafficking, membrane fusion and vesicle release in synaptic nerve terminals is well characterised. Recent studies suggest that SNAREs are also important in the control of tumourigenesis through the regulation of multiple signalling and transportation pathways. The majority of published studies investigated the effects of knockdown/knockout or overexpression of particular SNAREs on the normal function of cells as well as their dysfunction in tumourigenesis promotion. SNAREs are involved in the regulation of cancer cell invasion, chemo-resistance, the transportation of autocrine and paracrine factors, autophagy, apoptosis and the phosphorylation of kinases essential for cancer cell biogenesis. This evidence highlights SNAREs as potential targets for novel cancer therapy. This is the first review to summarise the expression and role of SNAREs in cancer biology at the cellular level, their interaction with non-SNARE proteins and modulation of cellular signalling cascades. Finally, a strategy is proposed for developing novel anti-cancer therapeutics using targeted delivery of a SNARE-inactivating protease into malignant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Meng
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Jiafu Wang
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fujimoto M, Suda Y, Vernhettes S, Nakano A, Ueda T. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and 4-kinase have distinct roles in intracellular trafficking of cellulose synthase complexes in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:287-98. [PMID: 25516570 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The oriented deposition of cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall plays a crucial role in various plant functions such as cell growth, organ formation and defense responses. Cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) embedded in the plasma membrane (PM), which comprise the cellulose synthases (CESAs). The abundance and localization of CSCs at the PM should be strictly controlled for precise regulation of cellulose deposition, which strongly depends on the membrane trafficking system. However, the mechanism of the intracellular transport of CSCs is still poorly understood. In this study, we explored requirements for phosphoinositides (PIs) in CESA trafficking by analyzing the effects of inhibitors of PI synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana expressing green fluorescent protein-tagged CESA3 (GFP-CESA3). We found that a shift to a sucrose-free condition accelerated re-localization of PM-localized GFP-CESA3 into the periphery of the Golgi apparatus via the clathrin-enriched trans-Golgi network (TGN). Treatment with wortmannin (Wm), an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3- (PI3K) and 4- (PI4K) kinases, and phenylarsine oxide (PAO), a more specific inhibitor for PI4K, inhibited internalization of GFP-CESA3 from the PM. In contrast, treatment with LY294002, which impairs the PI3K activity, did not exert such an inhibitory effect on the sequestration of GFP-CESA3, but caused a predominant accumulation of GFP-CESA3 at the ring-shaped periphery of the Golgi apparatus, resulting in the removal of GFP-CESA3 from the PM. These results indicate that PIs are essential elements for localization and intracellular transport of CESA3 and that PI4K and PI3K are required for distinct steps in secretory and/or endocytic trafficking of CESA3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan Present address: Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suda
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team, Extreme Photonics Research Group, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan Present address: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Samantha Vernhettes
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team, Extreme Photonics Research Group, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Capurro V, Gianotti A, Caci E, Ravazzolo R, Galietta LJ, Zegarra-Moran O. Functional analysis of acid-activated Cl− channels: Properties and mechanisms of regulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:105-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
26
|
119. Cytokine 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
27
|
Murray RZ, Stow JL. Cytokine Secretion in Macrophages: SNAREs, Rabs, and Membrane Trafficking. Front Immunol 2014; 5:538. [PMID: 25386181 PMCID: PMC4209870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have the capacity to rapidly secrete a wide range of inflammatory mediators that influence the development and extent of an inflammatory response. Newly synthesized and/or preformed stored cytokines and other inflammatory mediators are released upon stimulation, the timing, and volume of which is highly regulated. To finely tune this process, secretion is regulated at many levels; at the level of transcription and translation and post-translationally at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, and at or near the cell surface. Here, we discuss recent advances in deciphering these cytokine pathways in macrophages, focusing on recent discoveries regarding the cellular machinery and mechanisms implicated in the synthesis, trafficking, and secretion of cytokines. The specific roles of trafficking machinery including chaperones, GTPases, cytoskeletal proteins, and SNARE membrane fusion proteins will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Zoe Murray
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, QLD , Australia
| | - Jennifer Lea Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Blank U, Madera-Salcedo IK, Danelli L, Claver J, Tiwari N, Sánchez-Miranda E, Vázquez-Victorio G, Ramírez-Valadez KA, Macias-Silva M, González-Espinosa C. Vesicular trafficking and signaling for cytokine and chemokine secretion in mast cells. Front Immunol 2014; 5:453. [PMID: 25295038 PMCID: PMC4170139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon activation mast cells (MCs) secrete numerous inflammatory compounds stored in their cytoplasmic secretory granules by a process called anaphylactic degranulation, which is responsible for type I hypersensitivity responses. Prestored mediators include histamine and MC proteases but also some cytokines and growth factors making them available within minutes for a maximal biological effect. Degranulation is followed by the de novo synthesis of lipid mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes as well as a vast array of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, which are responsible for late phase inflammatory responses. While lipid mediators diffuse freely out of the cell through lipid bilayers, both anaphylactic degranulation and secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors depends on highly regulated vesicular trafficking steps that occur along the secretory pathway starting with the translocation of proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Vesicular trafficking in MCs also intersects with endocytic routes, notably to form specialized cytoplasmic granules called secretory lysosomes. Some of the mediators like histamine reach granules via specific vesicular monoamine transporters directly from the cytoplasm. In this review, we try to summarize the available data on granule biogenesis and signaling events that coordinate the complex steps that lead to the release of the inflammatory mediators from the various vesicular carriers in MCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Blank
- INSERM UMRS 1149 , Paris , France ; CNRS ERL8252 , Paris , France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX , Paris , France
| | - Iris Karina Madera-Salcedo
- INSERM UMRS 1149 , Paris , France ; CNRS ERL8252 , Paris , France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX , Paris , France
| | - Luca Danelli
- INSERM UMRS 1149 , Paris , France ; CNRS ERL8252 , Paris , France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX , Paris , France
| | - Julien Claver
- INSERM UMRS 1149 , Paris , France ; CNRS ERL8252 , Paris , France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX , Paris , France
| | - Neeraj Tiwari
- INSERM UMRS 1149 , Paris , France ; CNRS ERL8252 , Paris , France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX , Paris , France
| | | | - Genaro Vázquez-Victorio
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México City , México
| | | | - Marina Macias-Silva
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México City , México
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Low PC, Manzanero S, Mohannak N, Narayana VK, Nguyen TH, Kvaskoff D, Brennan FH, Ruitenberg MJ, Gelderblom M, Magnus T, Kim HA, Broughton BRS, Sobey CG, Vanhaesebroeck B, Stow JL, Arumugam TV, Meunier FA. PI3Kδ inhibition reduces TNF secretion and neuroinflammation in a mouse cerebral stroke model. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3450. [PMID: 24625684 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of permanent disability. Although reperfusion is currently used as treatment, the restoration of blood flow following ischaemia elicits a profound inflammatory response mediated by proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF), exacerbating tissue damage and worsening the outcomes for stroke patients. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) controls intracellular TNF trafficking in macrophages and therefore represents a prospective target to limit neuroinflammation. Here we show that PI3Kδ inhibition confers protection in ischaemia/reperfusion models of stroke. In vitro, restoration of glucose supply following an episode of glucose deprivation potentiates TNF secretion from primary microglia-an effect that is sensitive to PI3Kδ inhibition. In vivo, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in kinase-dead PI3Kδ (p110δ(D910A/D910A)) or wild-type mice pre- or post-treated with the PI3Kδ inhibitor CAL-101, leads to reduced TNF levels, decreased leukocyte infiltration, reduced infarct size and improved functional outcome. These data identify PI3Kδ as a potential therapeutic target in ischaemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Ching Low
- 1] Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia [2]
| | - Silvia Manzanero
- 1] School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia [2]
| | - Nika Mohannak
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Vinod K Narayana
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tam H Nguyen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David Kvaskoff
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Faith H Brennan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- 1] Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia [2] School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Vascular Biology and Immunopharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Brad R S Broughton
- Vascular Biology and Immunopharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Vascular Biology and Immunopharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- 1] School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia [2]
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Steinbach EC, Kobayashi T, Russo SM, Sheikh SZ, Gipson GR, Kennedy ST, Uno JK, Mishima Y, Borst LB, Liu B, Herfarth H, Ting JPY, Sartor RB, Plevy SE. Innate PI3K p110δ regulates Th1/Th17 development and microbiota-dependent colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:3958-68. [PMID: 24634494 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The p110δ subunit of class IA PI3K modulates signaling in innate immune cells. We previously demonstrated that mice harboring a kinase-dead p110δ subunit (p110δ(KD)) develop spontaneous colitis. Macrophages contributed to the Th1/Th17 cytokine bias in p110δ(KD) mice through increased IL-12 and IL-23 expression. In this study, we show that the enteric microbiota is required for colitis development in germfree p110δ(KD) mice. Colonic tissue and macrophages from p110δ(KD) mice produce significantly less IL-10 compared with wild-type mice. p110δ(KD) APCs cocultured with naive CD4+ Ag-specific T cells also produce significantly less IL-10 and induce more IFN-γ- and IL-17A-producing CD4+ T cells compared with wild-type APCs. Illustrating the importance of APC-T cell interactions in colitis pathogenesis in vivo, Rag1(-/-)/p110δ(KD) mice develop mild colonic inflammation and produced more colonic IL-12p40 compared with Rag1(-/-) mice. However, CD4+ CD45RB(high/low) T cell Rag1(-/-)/p110δ(KD) recipient mice develop severe colitis with increased percentages of IFN-γ- and IL-17A-producing lamina propria CD3+D4+ T cells compared with Rag1(-/-) recipient mice. Intestinal tissue samples from patients with Crohn's disease reveal significantly lower expression of PIK3CD compared with intestinal samples from non-inflammatory bowel disease control subjects (p < 0.05). PIK3CD expression inversely correlates with the ratio of IL12B:IL10 expression. In conclusion, the PI3K subunit p110δ controls homeostatic APC-T cell interactions by altering the balance between IL-10 and IL-12/23. Defects in p110δ expression and/or function may underlie the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel disease and lead to new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Steinbach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tan J, Brill JA. Cinderella story: PI4P goes from precursor to key signaling molecule. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 49:33-58. [PMID: 24219382 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2013.853024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol lipids are signaling molecules involved in nearly all aspects of cellular regulation. Production of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) has long been recognized as one of the first steps in generating poly-phosphatidylinositol phosphates involved in actin organization, cell migration, and signal transduction. In addition, progress over the last decade has brought to light independent roles for PI4P in membrane trafficking and lipid homeostasis. Here, we describe recent advances that reveal the breadth of processes regulated by PI4P, the spectrum of PI4P effectors, and the mechanisms of spatiotemporal control that coordinate crosstalk between PI4P and cellular signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Tan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada and
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shugg RPP, Thomson A, Tanabe N, Kashishian A, Steiner BH, Puri KD, Pereverzev A, Lannutti BJ, Jirik FR, Dixon SJ, Sims SM. Effects of isoform-selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors on osteoclasts: actions on cytoskeletal organization, survival, and resorption. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:35346-57. [PMID: 24133210 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.507525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) participate in numerous signaling pathways, and control distinct biological functions. Studies using pan-PI3K inhibitors suggest roles for PI3K in osteoclasts, but little is known about specific PI3K isoforms in these cells. Our objective was to determine effects of isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors on osteoclasts. The following inhibitors were investigated (targets in parentheses): wortmannin and LY294002 (pan-p110), PIK75 (α), GDC0941 (α, δ), TGX221 (β), AS252424 (γ), and IC87114 (δ). In addition, we characterized a new potent and selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, GS-9820, and explored roles of PI3K isoforms in regulating osteoclast function. Osteoclasts were isolated from long bones of neonatal rats and rabbits. Wortmannin, LY294002, GDC0941, IC87114, and GS-9820 induced a dramatic retraction of osteoclasts within 15-20 min to 65-75% of the initial area. In contrast, there was no significant retraction in response to vehicle, PIK75, TGX221, or AS252424. Moreover, wortmannin and GS-9820, but not PIK75 or TGX221, disrupted actin belts. We examined effects of PI3K inhibitors on osteoclast survival. Whereas PIK75, TGX221, and GS-9820 had no significant effect on basal survival, all blocked RANKL-stimulated survival. When studied on resorbable substrates, osteoclastic resorption was suppressed by wortmannin and inhibitors of PI3Kβ and PI3Kδ, but not other isoforms. These data are consistent with a critical role for PI3Kδ in regulating osteoclast cytoskeleton and resorptive activity. In contrast, multiple PI3K isoforms contribute to the control of osteoclast survival. Thus, the PI3Kδ isoform, which is predominantly expressed in cells of hematopoietic origin, is an attractive target for anti-resorptive therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P P Shugg
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
RNAi screening reveals a large signaling network controlling the Golgi apparatus in human cells. Mol Syst Biol 2013; 8:629. [PMID: 23212246 PMCID: PMC3542528 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2012.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAi screening and automated image analysis reveal 180 kinases and phosphatases regulating the organization of the Golgi apparatus. Most of these genes also control the expression of specific glycans, pointing to a web of interactions between signaling cascades and glycosylation at the Golgi. ![]()
Golgi organization was probed with three markers of different Golgi compartments and quantitative morphological analysis. Knockdowns of ∼20% of all known kinases and phosphatases affected the Golgi globally or in a compartment-specific manner, and were comparable in degree to the depletion of known membrane traffic regulators such as SNAREs. Several cell surface receptors, their cognate ligands and downstream effectors regulate Golgi organization, suggesting a large regulatory network. Most signaling genes affected both Golgi morphology and the expression of specific glycans.
The Golgi apparatus has many important physiological functions, including sorting of secretory cargo and biosynthesis of complex glycans. These functions depend on the intricate and compartmentalized organization of the Golgi apparatus. To investigate the mechanisms that regulate Golgi architecture, we developed a quantitative morphological assay using three different Golgi compartment markers and quantitative image analysis, and performed a kinome- and phosphatome-wide RNAi screen in HeLa cells. Depletion of 159 signaling genes, nearly 20% of genes assayed, induced strong and varied perturbations in Golgi morphology. Using bioinformatics data, a large regulatory network could be constructed. Specific subnetworks are involved in phosphoinositides regulation, acto-myosin dynamics and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling. Most gene depletion also affected Golgi functions, in particular glycan biosynthesis, suggesting that signaling cascades can control glycosylation directly at the Golgi level. Our results provide a genetic overview of the signaling pathways that control the Golgi apparatus in human cells.
Collapse
|
35
|
Stow JL, Murray RZ. Intracellular trafficking and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:227-39. [PMID: 23647915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The secretion of cytokines by immune cells plays a significant role in determining the course of an inflammatory response. The levels and timing of each cytokine released are critical for mounting an effective but confined response, whereas excessive or dysregulated inflammation contributes to many diseases. Cytokines are both culprits and targets for effective treatments in some diseases. The multiple points and mechanisms that have evolved for cellular control of cytokine secretion highlight the potency of these mediators and the fine tuning required to manage inflammation. Cytokine production in cells is regulated by cell signaling, and at mRNA and protein synthesis levels. Thereafter, the intracellular transport pathways and molecular trafficking machinery have intricate and essential roles in dictating the release and activity of cytokines. The trafficking machinery and secretory (exocytic) pathways are complex and highly regulated in many cells, involving specialized membranes, molecules and organelles that enable these cells to deliver cytokines to often-distinct areas of the cell surface, in a timely manner. This review provides an overview of secretory pathways - both conventional and unconventional - and key families of trafficking machinery. The prevailing knowledge about the trafficking and secretion of a number of individual cytokines is also summarized. In conclusion, we present emerging concepts about the functional plasticity of secretory pathways and their modulation for controlling cytokines and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rao S, Liu X, Freedman BD, Behrens EM. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-dependent calcium signals mediate efficient CpG-induced exocytosis of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in innate immune cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:12448-58. [PMID: 23515313 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.454405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors expressed by cells of the innate immune system initiate the immune response upon recognition of microbial products. Activation of pattern recognition receptors result in the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNFα and IL-6. Because these cytokines promote disparate effector cell responses, understanding the signaling pathways involved in their regulation is critical for directing the immune response. Using macrophages and dendritic cells deficient in spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), we identified a novel pathway by which TNFα trafficking and secretion are regulated by Syk following stimulation with CpG DNA. In the absence of PLCγ2, a Syk substrate, or the calcium-responsive kinase calcium calmodulin kinase II, CpG-induced TNFα secretion was impaired. Forced calcium mobilization rescued the TNFα secretion defect in Syk-deficient cells. In contrast to its effect on TNFα, Syk deficiency did not affect IL-6 secretion, suggesting that Syk-dependent signals participate in differential sorting of cytokines, thus tailoring the cytokine response. Our data report a novel pathway for TNFα regulation and provide insight into non-transcriptional mechanisms for shaping cytokine responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Rao
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tzenaki N, Papakonstanti EA. p110δ PI3 kinase pathway: emerging roles in cancer. Front Oncol 2013; 3:40. [PMID: 23459844 PMCID: PMC3585436 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Class IA PI3Ks consists of three isoforms of the p110 catalytic subunit designated p110α, p110β, and p110δ which are encoded by three separate genes. Gain-of-function mutations on PIK3CA gene encoding for p110α isoform have been detected in a wide variety of human cancers whereas no somatic mutations of genes encoding for p110β or p110δ have been reported. Unlike p110α and p110β which are ubiquitously expressed, p110δ is highly enriched in leukocytes and thus the p110δ PI3K pathway has attracted more attention for its involvement in immune disorders. However, findings have been accumulated showing that the p110δ PI3K plays a seminal role in the development and progression of some hematologic malignancies. A wealth of knowledge has come from studies showing the central role of p110δ PI3K in B-cell functions and B-cell malignancies. Further data have documented that wild-type p110δ becomes oncogenic when overexpressed in cell culture models and that p110δ is the predominant isoform expressed in some human solid tumor cells playing a prominent role in these cells. Genetic inactivation of p110δ in mice models and highly-selective inhibitors of p110δ have demonstrated an important role of this isoform in differentiation, growth, survival, motility, and morphology with the inositol phosphatase PTEN to play a critical role in p110δ signaling. In this review, we summarize our understanding of the p110δ PI3K signaling pathway in hematopoietic cells and malignancies, we highlight the evidence showing the oncogenic potential of p110δ in cells of non-hematopoietic origin and we discuss perspectives for potential novel roles of p110δ PI3K in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niki Tzenaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete Heraklion, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rab6a/a' are important Golgi regulators of pro-inflammatory TNF secretion in macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57034. [PMID: 23437303 PMCID: PMC3578815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to elicit innate immune responses. Secretion of these cytokines is also a major contributing factor in chronic inflammatory disease. In previous studies we have begun to elucidate the pathways and molecules that mediate the intracellular trafficking and secretion of TNF. Rab6a and Rab6a' (collectively Rab6) are trans-Golgi-localized GTPases known for roles in maintaining Golgi structure and Golgi-associated trafficking. We found that induction of TNF secretion by LPS promoted the selective increase of Rab6 expression. Depletion of Rab6 (via siRNA and shRNA) resulted in reorganization of the Golgi ribbon into more compact structures that at the resolution of electron microcopy consisted of elongated Golgi stacks that likely arose from fusion of smaller Golgi elements. Concomitantly, the delivery of TNF to the cell surface and subsequent release into the media was reduced. Dominant negative mutants of Rab6 had similar effects in disrupting TNF secretion. In live cells, Rab6-GFP were localized on trans-Golgi network (TGN)-derived tubular carriers demarked by the golgin p230. Rab6 depletion and inactive mutants altered carrier egress and partially reduced p230 membrane association. Our results show that Rab6 acts on TNF trafficking at the level of TGN exit in tubular carriers and our findings suggest Rab6 may stabilize p230 on the tubules to facilitate TNF transport. Both Rab6 isoforms are needed in macrophages for Golgi stack organization and for the efficient post-Golgi transport of TNF. This work provides new insights into Rab6 function and into the role of the Golgi complex in cytokine secretion in inflammatory macrophages.
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang X, Wang L, Zhu L, Pan Y, Xiao F, Liu W, Wang Z, Guo F, Liu Y, Thomas WG, Chen Y. PAQR3 modulates insulin signaling by shunting phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110α to the Golgi apparatus. Diabetes 2013; 62:444-56. [PMID: 23086038 PMCID: PMC3554364 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) mediates insulin actions by relaying signals from insulin receptors (IRs) to downstream targets. The p110α catalytic subunit of class IA PI3K is the primary insulin-responsive PI3K implicated in insulin signaling. We demonstrate here a new mode of spatial regulation for the p110α subunit of PI3K by PAQR3 that is exclusively localized in the Golgi apparatus. PAQR3 interacts with p110α, and the intracellular targeting of p110α to the Golgi apparatus is reduced by PAQR3 downregulation and increased by PAQR3 overexpression. Insulin-stimulated PI3K activity and phosphoinositide (3,4,5)-triphosphate production are enhanced by Paqr3 deletion and reduced by PAQR3 overexpression in hepatocytes. Deletion of Paqr3 enhances insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase 3β, but not phosphorylation of IR and IR substrate-1 (IRS-1), in hepatocytes, mouse liver, and skeletal muscle. Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane and glucose uptake are enhanced by Paqr3 ablation. Furthermore, PAQR3 interacts with the domain of p110α involved in its binding with p85, the regulatory subunit of PI3K. Overexpression of PAQR3 dose-dependently reduces the interaction of p85α with p110α. Thus, PAQR3 negatively regulates insulin signaling by shunting cytosolic p110α to the Golgi apparatus while competing with p85 subunit in forming a PI3K complex with p110α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingdi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Walter G. Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author: Yan Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cancino J, Luini A. Signaling Circuits on the Golgi Complex. Traffic 2012; 14:121-34. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
41
|
Sewell GW, Hannun YA, Han X, Koster G, Bielawski J, Goss V, Smith PJ, Rahman FZ, Vega R, Bloom SL, Walker AP, Postle AD, Segal AW. Lipidomic profiling in Crohn's disease: abnormalities in phosphatidylinositols, with preservation of ceramide, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine composition. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1839-46. [PMID: 22728312 PMCID: PMC3778899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition largely affecting the terminal ileum and large bowel. A contributing cause is the failure of an adequate acute inflammatory response as a result of impaired secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages. This defective secretion arises from aberrant vesicle trafficking, misdirecting the cytokines to lysosomal degradation. Aberrant intestinal permeability is also well-established in Crohn's disease. Both the disordered vesicle trafficking and increased bowel permeability could result from abnormal lipid composition. We thus measured the sphingo- and phospholipid composition of macrophages, using mass spectrometry and stable isotope labelling approaches. Stimulation of macrophages with heat-killed Escherichia coli resulted in three main changes; a significant reduction in the amount of individual ceramide species, an altered composition of phosphatidylcholine, and an increased rate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis in macrophages. These changes were observed in macrophages from both healthy control individuals and patients with Crohn's disease. The only difference detected between control and Crohn's disease macrophages was a reduced proportion of newly-synthesised phosphatidylinositol 16:0/18:1 over a defined time period. Shotgun lipidomics analysis of macroscopically non-inflamed ileal biopsies showed a significant decrease in this same lipid species with overall preservation of sphingolipid, phospholipid and cholesterol composition.
Collapse
Key Words
- cct, phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase
- cd, crohn's disease
- gwas, genome-wide association study
- hc, healthycontrol
- hkec, heat-killed escherichia coli
- pa, phosphatidic acid
- pc, phosphatidylcholine
- pi, phosphatidylinositol
- ps, phosphatidylserine
- tnf, tumor necrosis factor
- crohn's disease
- macrophage
- lipids
- ceramide
- sphingolipid
- phospholipid
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin W. Sewell
- Division of Medicine, UCL, 5 University Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yusuf A. Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Xianlin Han
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Grielof Koster
- Division of Infection, Inflammation & Immunity, University of Southampton, School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Mailpoint 803, South Block, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Bielawski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Victoria Goss
- Division of Infection, Inflammation & Immunity, University of Southampton, School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Mailpoint 803, South Block, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Smith
- Division of Medicine, UCL, 5 University Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farooq Z. Rahman
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roser Vega
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart L. Bloom
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ann P. Walker
- Division of Medicine, UCL, 5 University Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony D. Postle
- Division of Infection, Inflammation & Immunity, University of Southampton, School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Mailpoint 803, South Block, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony W. Segal
- Division of Medicine, UCL, 5 University Street, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Aksoy E, Taboubi S, Torres D, Delbauve S, Hachani A, Whitehead MA, Pearce WP, Berenjeno IM, Nock G, Filloux A, Beyaert R, Flamand V, Vanhaesebroeck B. The p110δ isoform of the kinase PI(3)K controls the subcellular compartmentalization of TLR4 signaling and protects from endotoxic shock. Nat Immunol 2012; 13:1045-1054. [PMID: 23023391 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide activates plasma-membrane signaling and endosomal signaling by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) through the TIRAP-MyD88 and TRAM-TRIF adaptor complexes, respectively, but it is unclear how the signaling switch between these cell compartments is coordinated. In dendritic cells, we found that the p110δ isoform of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) induced internalization of TLR4 and dissociation of TIRAP from the plasma membrane, followed by calpain-mediated degradation of TIRAP. Accordingly, inactivation of p110δ prolonged TIRAP-mediated signaling from the plasma membrane, which augmented proinflammatory cytokine production while decreasing TRAM-dependent endosomal signaling that generated anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 and interferon-β). In line with that altered signaling output, p110δ-deficient mice showed enhanced endotoxin-induced death. Thus, by controlling the 'topology' of TLR4 signaling complexes, p110δ balances overall homeostasis in the TLR4 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Aksoy
- Centre for Cell Signaling, Barts Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Salma Taboubi
- Centre for Cell Signaling, Barts Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - David Torres
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Free University of Brussels, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Delbauve
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Free University of Brussels, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria A Whitehead
- Centre for Cell Signaling, Barts Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Wayne P Pearce
- Centre for Cell Signaling, Barts Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Inma M Berenjeno
- Centre for Cell Signaling, Barts Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Nock
- Centre for Cell Signaling, Barts Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Alain Filloux
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Flamand
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Free University of Brussels, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- Centre for Cell Signaling, Barts Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Stanley AC, Lieu ZZ, Wall AA, Venturato J, Khromykh T, Hamilton NA, Gleeson PA, Stow JL. Recycling endosome-dependent and -independent mechanisms for IL-10 secretion in LPS-activated macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 92:1227-39. [PMID: 23012430 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0412191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-10 is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine secreted by activated macrophages as a feedback control mechanism to prevent excessive inflammatory responses. Here, we define multiple intracellular trafficking pathways involved in the secretion of newly synthesized IL-10 from macrophages following TLR4 activation with LPS, and show how this relates to the previously defined trafficking pathways for IL-6 and TNF in macrophages simultaneously producing these proinflammatory cytokines. IL-10 exits the Golgi in multiple tubular carriers, including those dependent on p230GRIP. Some of the IL-10 is then delivered to recycling endosomes, where cytokine sorting may occur prior to its release. Another portion of the IL-10 is delivered to the cell surface in distinct vesicles colabeled for apoE. Thus, we show at least two post-Golgi pathways via which IL-10 is trafficked, ensuring its secretion from activated macrophages under different physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Stanley
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Putz EM, Prchal-Murphy M, Simma OA, Forster F, Koenig X, Stockinger H, Piekorz RP, Freissmuth M, Müller M, Sexl V, Zebedin-Brandl E. PI3Kδ is essential for tumor clearance mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40852. [PMID: 22808277 PMCID: PMC3396622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PI3Kδ is a lipid kinase of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase class 1A family and involved in early signaling events of leukocytes regulating proliferation, differentiation and survival. Currently, several inhibitors of PI3Kδ are under investigation for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies. In contrast to the beneficial effect of inhibiting PI3Kδ in tumor cells, several studies reported the requirement of PI3Kδ for the function of immune cells, such as natural killer and T helper cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are essential for tumor surveillance. The scope of this study is to clarify the potential impact of PI3Kδ inhibition on the function of CTLs with emphasis on tumor surveillance. Principal Findings PI3Kδ-deficient mice develop significantly bigger tumors when challenged with MC38 colon adenocarcinoma cells. This defect is accounted for by the fact that PI3Kδ controls the secretory perforin-granzyme pathway as well as the death-receptor pathway of CTL-mediated cytotoxicity, leading to severely diminished cytotoxicity against target cells in vitro and in vivo in the absence of PI3Kδ expression. PI3Kδ-deficient CTLs express low mRNA levels of important components of the cytotoxic machinery, e.g. prf1, grzmA, grzmB, fasl and trail. Accordingly, PI3Kδ-deficient tumor-infiltrating CTLs display a phenotype reminiscent of naïve T cells (CD69lowCD62Lhigh). In addition, electrophysiological capacitance measurements confirmed a fundamental degranulation defect of PI3Kδ−/− CTLs. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that CTL-mediated tumor surveillance is severely impaired in the absence of PI3Kδ and predict that impaired immunosurveillance may limit the effectiveness of PI3Kδ inhibitors in long-term treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Putz
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Isoform-selective induction of human p110δ PI3K expression by TNFα: identification of a new and inducible PIK3CD promoter. Biochem J 2012; 443:857-67. [PMID: 22375552 PMCID: PMC3328000 DOI: 10.1042/bj20112214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PI3Ks (phosphoinositide 3-kinases) are signalling molecules and drug targets with important biological functions, yet the regulation of PI3K gene expression is poorly understood. Key PI3Ks are the class IA PI3Ks that consist of a catalytic subunit (p110α, p110β and p110δ) in complex with a p85 regulatory subunit. Whereas p110α and p110β are ubiquitously expressed, high levels of p110δ are mainly found in white blood cells, with most non-leucocytes expressing low levels of p110δ. In the present paper we report that TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) stimulation induces p110δ expression in human ECs (endothelial cells) and synovial fibroblasts, but not in leucocytes, through transcription start sites located in a novel promoter region in the p110δ gene (PIK3CD). This promoter is used in all cell types, including solid tumour cell lines that express p110δ, and is activated by TNFα in ECs and synovial fibroblasts. We further present a detailed biochemical and bioinformatic characterization of p110δ gene regulation, demonstrating that PIK3CD has distinct promoters, some of which can be dynamically activated by pro-inflammatory mediators. This is the first molecular identification of a PI3K promoter under the control of acute extracellular stimulation.
Collapse
|
46
|
Attenuation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ signaling restrains autoimmune disease. J Autoimmun 2012; 38:381-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
47
|
Shimizu-Hirota R, Xiong W, Baxter BT, Kunkel SL, Maillard I, Chen XW, Sabeh F, Liu R, Li XY, Weiss SJ. MT1-MMP regulates the PI3Kδ·Mi-2/NuRD-dependent control of macrophage immune function. Genes Dev 2012; 26:395-413. [PMID: 22345520 DOI: 10.1101/gad.178749.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in events ranging from host defense to obesity and cancer, where they infiltrate affected tissues and orchestrate immune responses in tandem with the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Despite the dual roles played by macrophages in inflammation, the functions of macrophage-derived proteinases are typically relegated to tissue-invasive or -degradative events. Here we report that the membrane-tethered matrix metalloenzyme MT1-MMP not only serves as an ECM-directed proteinase, but unexpectedly controls inflammatory gene responses wherein MT1-MMP(-/-) macrophages mount exaggerated chemokine and cytokine responses to immune stimuli both in vitro and in vivo. MT1-MMP modulates inflammatory responses in a protease-independent fashion in tandem with its trafficking to the nuclear compartment, where it triggers the expression and activation of a phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ)/Akt/GSK3β signaling cascade. In turn, MT1-MMP-dependent PI3Kδ activation regulates the immunoregulatory Mi-2/NuRD nucleosome remodeling complex that is responsible for controlling macrophage immune response. These findings identify a novel role for nuclear MT1-MMP as a previously unsuspected transactivator of signaling networks central to macrophage immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Shimizu-Hirota
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Garg AD, Krysko DV, Verfaillie T, Kaczmarek A, Ferreira GB, Marysael T, Rubio N, Firczuk M, Mathieu C, Roebroek AJM, Annaert W, Golab J, de Witte P, Vandenabeele P, Agostinis P. A novel pathway combining calreticulin exposure and ATP secretion in immunogenic cancer cell death. EMBO J 2012; 31:1062-79. [PMID: 22252128 PMCID: PMC3298003 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 586] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-exposed calreticulin (ecto-CRT) and secreted ATP are crucial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) for immunogenic apoptosis. Inducers of immunogenic apoptosis rely on an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-based (reactive oxygen species (ROS)-regulated) pathway for ecto-CRT induction, but the ATP secretion pathway is unknown. We found that after photodynamic therapy (PDT), which generates ROS-mediated ER stress, dying cancer cells undergo immunogenic apoptosis characterized by phenotypic maturation (CD80(high), CD83(high), CD86(high), MHC-II(high)) and functional stimulation (NO(high), IL-10(absent), IL-1β(high)) of dendritic cells as well as induction of a protective antitumour immune response. Intriguingly, early after PDT the cancer cells displayed ecto-CRT and secreted ATP before exhibiting biochemical signatures of apoptosis, through overlapping PERK-orchestrated pathways that require a functional secretory pathway and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mediated plasma membrane/extracellular trafficking. Interestingly, eIF2α phosphorylation and caspase-8 signalling are dispensable for this ecto-CRT exposure. We also identified LRP1/CD91 as the surface docking site for ecto-CRT and found that depletion of PERK, PI3K p110α and LRP1 but not caspase-8 reduced the immunogenicity of the cancer cells. These results unravel a novel PERK-dependent subroutine for the early and simultaneous emission of two critical DAMPs following ROS-mediated ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Verfaillie
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnieszka Kaczmarek
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gabriela B Ferreira
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (LEGENDO), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Marysael
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Noemi Rubio
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department 3, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (LEGENDO), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anton J M Roebroek
- Experimental Mouse Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and VIB-Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department 3, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bode JG, Ehlting C, Häussinger D. The macrophage response towards LPS and its control through the p38(MAPK)-STAT3 axis. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1185-94. [PMID: 22330073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In macrophages detection of gram-negative bacteria particularly involves binding of the outer-wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to its cognate receptor complex, comprising Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), CD14 and MD2. LPS-induced formation of the LPS receptor complex elicits a signaling network, including intra-cellular signal-transduction directly activated by the TLR4 receptor complex as well as successional induction of indirect autocrine and paracrine signaling events. All these different pathways are integrated into the macrophage response towards an inflammatory stimulus by a highly complex cross-talk of the pathways engaged. This also includes a tight control by several intra- and inter-cellular feedback loops warranting an inflammatory response sufficient to battle invading pathogens and to avoid non-essential tissue damage caused by an overwhelming inflammatory response. Several evidences indicate that the reciprocal cross-talk between the p38(MAPK)-pathway and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3-mediated signal-transduction forms a critical axis successively activated by LPS. The balanced activation of this axis is essential for both induction and propagation of the inflammatory macrophage response as well as for the control of the resolution phase, which is largely driven by IL-10 and sustained STAT3 activation. In this context regulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3 expression and the recently described divergent regulatory roles of the two p38(MAPK)-activated protein kinases MK2 and MK3 for the regulation of LPS-induced NF-κB- and IRF3-mediated signal-transduction and gene expression, which includes the regulation of IFNβ, IL-10 and DUSP1, appears to play an important role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G Bode
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Disease, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The Golgi complex is a ribbon-like organelle composed of stacks of flat cisternae interconnected by tubular junctions. It occupies a central position in the endomembrane system as proteins and lipids that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pass through the Golgi complex to undergo biosynthetic modification (mainly glycosylation) and to be sorted to their final destinations. In addition the Golgi complex possesses a number of activities, apparently not directly connected with its main role in trafficking and sorting, which have been recently reviewed in Wilson et al. 2011. In spite of the constant massive flux of material the Golgi complex maintains its identity and phosphoinositides (PIs), among other factors, play a central role in this process. The active metabolism of PIs at the Golgi is necessary for the proper functioning of the organelle both in terms of membrane trafficking/sorting and its manifold metabolic and signalling activities. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P), in particular, is responsible for the recruitment of numerous cytosolic proteins that recognise and bind PtdIns4P via specific lipid-binding domains. In this chapter we will summarize the findings that have contributed to our current understanding of the role of PIs in the biology of the Golgi complex in terms of the regulation of PI metabolism and the functional roles and regulation of PtdIns4P effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Angelo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|