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Sharma S, Mehta NU, Sauer T, Rollins LA, Dittmer DP, Rooney CM. Cotargeting EBV lytic as well as latent cycle antigens increases T-cell potency against lymphoma. Blood Adv 2024; 8:3360-3371. [PMID: 38640255 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023012183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The remarkable efficacy of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific T cells for the treatment of posttransplant lymphomas has not been reproduced for EBV-positive (EBV+) malignancies outside the transplant setting. This is because of, in part, the heterogeneous expression and poor immunogenicity of the viral antigens expressed, namely latent membrane proteins 1 and 2, EBV nuclear antigen 1, and BamHI A rightward reading frame 1 (type-2 [T2] latency). However, EBV lytic cycle proteins are also expressed in certain EBV+ malignancies and, because several EBV lytic cycle proteins are abundantly expressed, have oncogenic activity, and likely contribute to malignancy, we sought and identified viral lytic-cycle transcripts in EBV+ Hodgkin lymphoma biopsies. This provided the rationale for broadening the target antigen-specific repertoire of EBV-specific T cells (EBVSTs) for therapy. We stimulated, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and patients with EBV+ lymphoma with both lytic and latent cycle proteins to produce broad repertoire (BR) EBVSTs. Compared with T2 antigen-specific EBVSTs, BR-EBVSTs more rapidly cleared autologous EBV+ tumors in NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice and produced higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines that should reactivate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment leading to epitope spreading. Our results confirm that lytic cycle antigens are clinically relevant targets for EBV+ lymphoma and underpin the rationale for integrating BR-EBVSTs as a therapeutic approach for relapsed/refractory EBV+ lymphoma (www.clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: #NCT01555892 and #NCT04664179), as well as for other EBV-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Sharma
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Naren U Mehta
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Tim Sauer
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Lisa A Rollins
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Dirk P Dittmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Cliona M Rooney
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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2
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Deng X, Ge T, Shen K, Wang J, Mu W, Luo H, Gu J, Zhang M, Xiao M. Novel heterozygous mutations of TNFRSF13B in EBV-associated T/NK lymphoproliferative diseases (EBV-T/NK-LPDs). BLOOD SCIENCE 2024; 6:e00180. [PMID: 38226020 PMCID: PMC10789450 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Deng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Tong Ge
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Kefeng Shen
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Mu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Meilan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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3
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Stefanelli LF, Alessi M, Di Bella C, Billo ME, Viola L, Gnappi M, Bettin E, Cacciapuoti M, Calò LA. EBV Reactivation in Transplant Recipients following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Retrospective Study. Pathogens 2023; 12:1435. [PMID: 38133317 PMCID: PMC10748065 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivation and primary infection with a high Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) DNA level in kidney transplant patients could cause severe complications, including the development of Post-Transplantation Lymphoproliferative Disease (PTLD). While in the general population the reactivation of EBV after SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported, very few data are available in transplant recipients. Our retrospective study aimed to evaluate a possible EBV reactivation in kidney transplant patients following SARS-CoV-2 infection and a possible impairment of the immune system. In addition, the effects of changes in immunosuppressive therapy on EBV DNA reactivation and vaccination were also evaluated. A total of 166 kidney transplant patients followed at the Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Ambulatory Nephrology Unit at Padova University Hospital were retrospectively considered for an observation period of 6 months from January 2020 to April 2023. EBV DNA level was measured by Rt-PCR and evaluated 6 months before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients' serological states were established via quantification of anti-VCA and anti-EBNA (chemiluminescence). Patients' immune systems were characterized by CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio (flow cytometry). EBV DNA was reactivated in 50% of the 166 patients with COVID-19 who completed the study. Older patients with more severe forms of COVID-19 had higher EBV reactivation (p < 0.05). EBV reactivation significantly increased in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection requiring hospitalization compared to patients managed at home (p < 0.001). CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio was reduced in patients with a younger age of transplant (p < 0.01) and on a higher dose of steroids (p < 0.01). The results of our study confirm the role of immunodepression, especially in recent transplant patients and those on high steroids, in EBV reactivation. These results combined with the few available in the literature might contribute to providing an optimal management of immunosuppressive treatment for these patients in order to obtain an immune state unfavorable to the activation of latent viruses, including EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Federica Stefanelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy (M.A.); (M.E.B.); (L.V.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Marianna Alessi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy (M.A.); (M.E.B.); (L.V.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Caterina Di Bella
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Maria Elena Billo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy (M.A.); (M.E.B.); (L.V.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Ludovica Viola
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy (M.A.); (M.E.B.); (L.V.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Maddalena Gnappi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy (M.A.); (M.E.B.); (L.V.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Bettin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy (M.A.); (M.E.B.); (L.V.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Martina Cacciapuoti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy (M.A.); (M.E.B.); (L.V.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Lorenzo A. Calò
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy (M.A.); (M.E.B.); (L.V.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (M.C.)
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4
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Gerbitz A, Gary R, Aigner M, Moosmann A, Kremer A, Schmid C, Hirschbuehl K, Wagner E, Hauptrock B, Teschner D, Roesler W, Spriewald B, Tischer J, Moi S, Balzer H, Schaffer S, Bausenwein J, Wagner A, Schmidt F, Brestrich J, Ullrich B, Maas S, Herold S, Strobel J, Zimmermann R, Weisbach V, Hansmann L, Lammoglia-Cobo F, Remberger M, Stelljes M, Ayuk F, Zeiser R, Mackensen A. Prevention of CMV/EBV reactivation by double-specific T cells in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: results from the randomized phase I/IIa MULTIVIR-01 study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1251593. [PMID: 37965339 PMCID: PMC10642256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1251593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is used to cure hematologic malignancies or deficiencies of the hematopoietic system. It is associated with severe immunodeficiency of the host early after transplant and therefore early reactivation of latent herpesviruses such as CMV and EBV within the first 100 days are frequent. Small studies and case series indicated that application of herpes virus specific T cells can control and prevent disease in this patient population. Methods We report the results of a randomized controlled multi centre phase I/IIa study (MULTIVIR-01) using a newly developed T cell product with specificity for CMV and EBV derived from the allogeneic stem cell grafts used for transplantation. The study aimed at prevention and preemptive treatment of both viruses in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation targeting first infusion on day +30. Primary endpoints were acute transfusion reaction and acute-graft versus-host-disease after infusion of activated T cells. Results Thirty-three patients were screened and 9 patients were treated with a total of 25 doses of the T cell product. We show that central manufacturing can be achieved successfully under study conditions and the product can be applied without major side effects. Overall survival, transplant related mortality, cumulative incidence of graft versus host disease and number of severe adverse events were not different between treatment and control groups. Expansion of CMV/EBV specific T cells was observed in a fraction of patients, but overall there was no difference in virus reactivation. Discussion Our study results indicate peptide stimulated epitope specific T cells derived from stem cell grafts can be administered safely for prevention and preemptive treatment of reactivation without evidence for induction of acute graft versus host disease. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02227641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Gerbitz
- Department of Medicine 5 Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Regina Gary
- Department of Medicine 5 Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Aigner
- Department of Medicine 5 Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Moosmann
- Department of Medicine 3, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute of Virology, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) – German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Anita Kremer
- Department of Medicine 5 Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmid
- Department of Medicine 2, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Hirschbuehl
- Department of Medicine 2, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Eva Wagner
- Department of Medicine 3, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beate Hauptrock
- Department of Medicine 3, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Teschner
- Department of Medicine 3, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolf Roesler
- Department of Medicine 5 Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Spriewald
- Department of Medicine 5 Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johanna Tischer
- Department of Medicine 3, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Moi
- Department of Medicine 5 Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heidi Balzer
- Department of Medicine 5 Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schaffer
- Department of Medicine 5 Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Judith Bausenwein
- Department of Medicine 5 Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Wagner
- Department of Medicine 5 Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schmidt
- Department of Medicine 5 Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Brestrich
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charite University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Ullrich
- Medical Center for Information and Communication Technology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Maas
- Center for Clinical Studies (CCS), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Center for Clinical Studies (CCS), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Strobel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Volker Weisbach
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leo Hansmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charite University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fernanda Lammoglia-Cobo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charite University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mats Remberger
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Clinical Research and Development Unit (KFUE), Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthias Stelljes
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Francis Ayuk
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Medicine 5 Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Yamada M, Macedo C, Louis K, Shi T, Landsittel D, Nguyen C, Shinjoh M, Michaels MG, Feingold B, Mazariegos GV, Green M, Metes D. Distinct association between chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection and T cell compartments from pediatric heart, kidney, and liver transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1145-1158. [PMID: 37187296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection after pediatric organ transplantation (Tx) accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. The risk of complications, such as posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders, in high viral load (HVL) carriers is the highest in heart Tx recipients. However, the immunologic signatures of such a risk have been insufficiently defined. Here, we assessed the phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood CD8+/CD4+ T cells, including EBV-specific T cells, in 77 pediatric heart, kidney, and liver Tx recipients and established the relationship between memory differentiation and progression toward exhaustion. Unlike kidney and liver HVL carriers, heart HVL carriers displayed distinct CD8+ T cells with (1) up-regulation of interleukin-21R, (2) decreased naive phenotype and altered memory differentiation, (3) accumulation of terminally exhausted (TEX PD-1+T-bet-Eomes+) and decrease of functional precursors of exhausted (TPEX PD-1intT-bet+) effector subsets, and (4) transcriptomic signatures supporting the phenotypic changes. In addition, CD4+ T cells from heart HVL carriers displayed similar changes in naive and memory subsets, elevated Th1 follicular helper cells, and plasma interleukin-21, suggesting an alternative inflammatory mechanism that governs T cell responses in heart Tx recipients. These results may explain the different incidences of EBV complications and may help improve the risk stratification and clinical management of different types of Tx recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yamada
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Camila Macedo
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Louis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Kidney Transplant Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tiange Shi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas Landsittel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indiana, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina Nguyen
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Masayoshi Shinjoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marian G Michaels
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Feingold
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George V Mazariegos
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Green
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diana Metes
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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6
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Ahmed EH, Lustberg M, Hale C, Sloan S, Mao C, Zhang X, Ozer HG, Schlotter S, Smith PL, Jeney F, Chan WK, Harrington BK, Weigel C, Brooks E, Klimaszewski HL, Oakes CC, Abebe T, Ibrahim ME, Alinari L, Behbehani GK, Shindiapina P, Caligiuri MA, Baiocchi RA. Follicular Helper and Regulatory T Cells Drive the Development of Spontaneous Epstein-Barr Virus Lymphoproliferative Disorder. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3046. [PMID: 37297008 PMCID: PMC10252287 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpes virus associated with various cancers. EBV establishes latency with life-long persistence in memory B-cells and can reactivate lytic infection placing immunocompromised individuals at risk for EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disorders (EBV-LPD). Despite the ubiquity of EBV, only a small percentage of immunocompromised patients (~20%) develop EBV-LPD. Engraftment of immunodeficient mice with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy EBV-seropositive donors leads to spontaneous, malignant, human B-cell EBV-LPD. Only about 20% of EBV+ donors induce EBV-LPD in 100% of engrafted mice (High-Incidence, HI), while another 20% of donors never generate EBV-LPD (No-Incidence, NI). Here, we report HI donors to have significantly higher basal T follicular helper (Tfh) and regulatory T-cells (Treg), and depletion of these subsets prevents/delays EBV-LPD. Transcriptomic analysis of CD4+ T cells from ex vivo HI donor PBMC revealed amplified cytokine and inflammatory gene signatures. HI vs. NI donors showed a marked reduction in IFNγ production to EBV latent and lytic antigen stimulation. In addition, we observed abundant myeloid-derived suppressor cells in HI donor PBMC that decreased CTL proliferation in co-cultures with autologous EBV+ lymphoblasts. Our findings identify potential biomarkers that may identify individuals at risk for EBV-LPD and suggest possible strategies for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elshafa Hassan Ahmed
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.H.A.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (S.S.); (P.L.S.); (F.J.); (W.K.C.); (E.B.); (C.C.O.); (L.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Mark Lustberg
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Claire Hale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Shelby Sloan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.H.A.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (S.S.); (P.L.S.); (F.J.); (W.K.C.); (E.B.); (C.C.O.); (L.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Charlene Mao
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.H.A.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (S.S.); (P.L.S.); (F.J.); (W.K.C.); (E.B.); (C.C.O.); (L.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics/Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Hatice Gulcin Ozer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Sarah Schlotter
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.H.A.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (S.S.); (P.L.S.); (F.J.); (W.K.C.); (E.B.); (C.C.O.); (L.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Porsha L. Smith
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.H.A.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (S.S.); (P.L.S.); (F.J.); (W.K.C.); (E.B.); (C.C.O.); (L.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Frankie Jeney
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.H.A.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (S.S.); (P.L.S.); (F.J.); (W.K.C.); (E.B.); (C.C.O.); (L.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.H.A.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (S.S.); (P.L.S.); (F.J.); (W.K.C.); (E.B.); (C.C.O.); (L.A.); (P.S.)
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.W.); (G.K.B.)
| | - Bonnie K. Harrington
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Christoph Weigel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.W.); (G.K.B.)
| | - Eric Brooks
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.H.A.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (S.S.); (P.L.S.); (F.J.); (W.K.C.); (E.B.); (C.C.O.); (L.A.); (P.S.)
| | | | - Christopher C. Oakes
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.H.A.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (S.S.); (P.L.S.); (F.J.); (W.K.C.); (E.B.); (C.C.O.); (L.A.); (P.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.W.); (G.K.B.)
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa AB1000, Ethiopia;
| | - Muntaser E. Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan;
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.H.A.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (S.S.); (P.L.S.); (F.J.); (W.K.C.); (E.B.); (C.C.O.); (L.A.); (P.S.)
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.W.); (G.K.B.)
| | - Gregory K. Behbehani
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.W.); (G.K.B.)
| | - Polina Shindiapina
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.H.A.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (S.S.); (P.L.S.); (F.J.); (W.K.C.); (E.B.); (C.C.O.); (L.A.); (P.S.)
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.W.); (G.K.B.)
| | | | - Robert A. Baiocchi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.H.A.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (S.S.); (P.L.S.); (F.J.); (W.K.C.); (E.B.); (C.C.O.); (L.A.); (P.S.)
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.W.); (G.K.B.)
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7
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Tan H, Gong Y, Liu Y, Long J, Luo Q, Faleti OD, Lyu X. Advancing therapeutic strategies for Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancies through lytic reactivation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114916. [PMID: 37229802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a widespread human herpes virus associated with lymphomas and epithelial cell cancers. It establishes two separate infection phases, latent and lytic, in the host. Upon infection of a new host cell, the virus activates several pathways, to induce the expression of lytic EBV antigens and the production of infectious virus particles. Although the carcinogenic role of latent EBV infection has been established, recent research suggests that lytic reactivation also plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of EBV reactivation and recent findings about the role of viral lytic antigens in tumor formation. In addition, we discuss the treatment of EBV-associated tumors with lytic activators and the targets that may be therapeutically effective in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqi Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yibing Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jingyi Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qingshuang Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Oluwasijibomi Damola Faleti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999000, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xiaoming Lyu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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8
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Liu M, Wang R, Xie Z. T cell-mediated immunity during Epstein-Barr virus infections in children. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 112:105443. [PMID: 37201619 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is extremely common worldwide, with approximately 90% of adults testing positive for EBV antibodies. Human are susceptible to EBV infection, and primary EBV infection typically occurs early in life. EBV infection can cause infectious mononucleosis (IM) as well as some severe non-neoplastic diseases, such as chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) and EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH), which can have a heavy disease burden. After primary EBV infection, individuals develop robust EBV-specific T cell immune responses, with EBV-specific CD8+ and part of CD4+ T cells functioning as cytotoxic T cells, defending against virus. Different proteins expressed during EBV's lytic replication and latent proliferation can cause varying degrees of cellular immune responses. Strong T cell immunity plays a key role in controlling infection by decreasing viral load and eliminating infected cells. However, the virus persists as latent infection in EBV healthy carriers even with robust T cell immune response. When reactivated, it undergoes lytic replication and then transmits virions to a new host. Currently, the relationship between the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative diseases and the adaptive immune system is still not fully clarified and needs to be explored in the future. Investigating the T cell immune responses evoked by EBV and utilizing this knowledge to design promising prophylactic vaccines are urgent issues for future research due to the importance of T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100045, China.
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100045, China.
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9
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Jo HA, Hyun SJ, Hyun YS, Lee YH, Kim SM, Baek IC, Sohn HJ, Kim TG. Comprehensive Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus LMP2A-Specific CD8 + and CD4 + T Cell Responses Restricted to Each HLA Class I and II Allotype Within an Individual. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e17. [PMID: 37179751 PMCID: PMC10166658 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), a latent Ag commonly expressed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected host cells, is a target for adoptive T cell therapy in EBV-associated malignancies. To define whether individual human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotypes are used preferentially in EBV-specific T lymphocyte responses, LMP2A-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses in 50 healthy donors were analyzed by ELISPOT assay using artificial Ag-presenting cells expressing a single allotype. CD8+ T cell responses were significantly higher than CD4+ T cell responses. CD8+ T cell responses were ranked from highest to lowest in the order HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C loci, and CD4+ T cell responses were ranked in the order HLA-DR, HLA-DP, and HLA-DQ loci. Among the 32 HLA class I and 56 HLA class II allotypes, 6 HLA-A, 7 HLA-B, 5 HLA-C, 10 HLA-DR, 2 HLA-DQ, and 2 HLA-DP allotypes showed T cell responses higher than 50 spot-forming cells (SFCs)/5×105 CD8+ or CD4+ T cells. Twenty-nine donors (58%) showed a high T cell response to at least one allotype of HLA class I or class II, and 4 donors (8%) had a high response to both HLA class I and class II allotypes. Interestingly, we observed an inverse correlation between the proportion of LMP2A-specific T cell responses and the frequency of HLA class I and II allotypes. These data demonstrate the allele dominance of LMP2A-specific T cell responses among HLA allotypes and their intra-individual dominance in response to only a few allotypes in an individual, which may provide useful information for genetic, pathogenic, and immunotherapeutic approaches to EBV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-A Jo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seung-Joo Hyun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - You-Seok Hyun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Yong-Hun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Kim
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - In-Cheol Baek
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Sohn
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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10
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Soldan S, Su C, Monaco MC, Brown N, Clauze A, Andrada F, Feder A, Planet P, Kossenkov A, Schäffer D, Ohayon J, Auslander N, Jacobson S, Lieberman P. Unstable EBV latency drives inflammation in multiple sclerosis patient derived spontaneous B cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2398872. [PMID: 36778367 PMCID: PMC9915775 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2398872/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a known etiologic risk factor, and perhaps prerequisite, for the development of MS. EBV establishes life-long latent infection in a subpopulation of memory B cells. Although the role of memory B cells in the pathobiology of MS is well established, studies characterizing EBV-associated mechanisms of B cell inflammation and disease pathogenesis in EBV (+) B cells from MS patients are limited. Accordingly, we analyzed spontaneous lymphoblastoid cell lines (SLCLs) from multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls to study host-virus interactions in B cells, in the context of an individual's endogenous EBV. We identify differences in EBV gene expression and regulation of both viral and cellular genes in SLCLs. Our data suggest that EBV latency is dysregulated in MS SLCLs with increased lytic gene expression observed in MS patient B cells, especially those generated from samples obtained during "active" disease. Moreover, we show increased inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production in MS patient SLCLs and demonstrate that tenofovir alafenamide, an antiviral that targets EBV replication, decreases EBV viral loads, EBV lytic gene expression, and EBV-mediated inflammation in both SLCLs and in a mixed lymphocyte assay. Collectively, these data suggest that dysregulation of EBV latency in MS drives a pro-inflammatory, pathogenic phenotype in memory B cells and that this response can be attenuated by suppressing EBV lytic activation. This study provides further support for the development of antiviral agents that target EBV-infection for use in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Chiara Monaco
- National Institutes of Health - National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Schäffer
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University
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11
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Langan D, Wang R, Tidwell K, Mitiku S, Farrell A, Johnson C, Parks A, Suarez L, Jain S, Kim S, Jones K, Oelke M, Zeldis J. AIM™ platform: A new immunotherapy approach for viral diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1070529. [PMID: 36619639 PMCID: PMC9822776 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1070529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to complications of acute diseases, chronic viral infections are linked to both malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Lack of adequate treatment options for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and human papillomavirus (HPV) remains. The NexImmune Artificial Immune Modulation (AIM) nanoparticle platform can be used to direct T cell responses by mimicking the dendritic cell function. In one application, AIM nanoparticles are used ex vivo to enrich and expand (E+E) rare populations of multi-antigen-specific CD8+ T cells for use of these cells as an AIM adoptive cell therapy. This study has demonstrated using E+E CD8+ T cells, the functional relevance of targeting EBV, HTLV-1, and HPV. Expanded T cells consist primarily of effector memory, central memory, and self-renewing stem-like memory T cells directed at selected viral antigen peptides presented by the AIM nanoparticle. T cells expanded against either EBV- or HPV-antigens were highly polyfunctional and displayed substantial in vitro cytotoxic activity against cell lines expressing the respective antigens. Our initial work was in the context of exploring T cells expanded from healthy donors and restricted to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02:01 serotype. AIM Adoptive Cell Therapies (ACT) are also being developed for other HLA class I serotypes. AIM adoptive cell therapies of autologous or allogeneic T cells specific to antigens associated with acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma are currently in the clinic. The utility and flexibility of the AIM nanoparticle platform will be expanded as we advance the second application, an AIM injectable off-the-shelf nanoparticle, which targets multiple antigen-specific T cell populations to either activate, tolerize, or destroy these targeted CD8+ T cells directly in vivo, leaving non-target cells alone. The AIM injectable platform offers the potential to develop new multi-antigen specific therapies for treating infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.
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12
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Yu CX, Liu W, Zhao MH, Xiao H, Wang Y, Luo B. Sequence analysis of Epstein–Barr virus BALF2 gene in associated tumors and healthy individuals from southern and northern China. Future Virol 2022. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the polymorphism and distribution characteristics of BALF2 gene in Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumors (gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoma). Materials & methods: DNA sequences of 349 EBV-related samples were analyzed by nested PCR combined with DNA sequencing. Results: According to the phylogenetic tree, BALF2 was divided into six genotypes ( BALF2-A–F). Statistically, the incidence of BALF2-E in nasopharyngeal carcinoma was higher than that in healthy people, and the incidence of BALF2-E in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in South China was higher than that in North China (p = 0.001). Conclusion: BALF2 variants in EBV-associated samples are not only tumor-specific, but also differ between northern and southern regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-xia Yu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Meng-he Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
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13
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Rapid single-cell identification of Epstein-Barr virus-specific T-cell receptors for cellular therapy. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:818-826. [PMID: 35525797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with solid and hematopoietic malignancies. After allogeneic stem cell transplantation, EBV infection or reactivation represents a potentially life-threatening condition with no specific treatment available in clinical routine. In vitro expansion of naturally occurring EBV-specific T cells for adoptive transfer is time-consuming and influenced by the donor's T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and requires a specific memory compartment that is non-existent in seronegative individuals. The authors present highly efficient identification of EBV-specific TCRs that can be expressed on human T cells and recognize EBV-infected cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Mononuclear cells from six stem cell grafts were expanded in vitro with three HLA-B*35:01- or four HLA-A*02:01-presented peptides derived from six EBV proteins expressed during latent and lytic infection. Epitope-specific T cells expanded on average 42-fold and were single-cell-sorted and TCRαβ-sequenced. To confirm specificity, 11 HLA-B*35:01- and six HLA-A*02:01-restricted dominant TCRs were expressed on reporter cell lines, and 16 of 17 TCRs recognized their presumed target peptides. To confirm recognition of virus-infected cells and assess their value for adoptive therapy, three selected HLA-B*35:01- and four HLA-A*02:01-restricted TCRs were expressed on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. All TCR-transduced cells recognized EBV-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The authors' approach provides sets of EBV epitope-specific TCRs in two different HLA contexts. Resulting cellular products do not require EBV-seropositive donors, can be adjusted to cell subsets of choice with exactly defined proportions of target-specific T cells, can be tracked in vivo and will help to overcome unmet clinical needs in the treatment and prophylaxis of EBV reactivation and associated malignancies.
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14
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Shafiee A, Aghajanian S, Athar MMT, Gargari OK. Epstein-Barr virus and COVID-19. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4040-4042. [PMID: 35505635 PMCID: PMC9348397 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arman Shafiee
- School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sepehr Aghajanian
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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15
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Lammoglia Cobo MF, Ritter J, Gary R, Seitz V, Mautner J, Aigner M, Völkl S, Schaffer S, Moi S, Seegebarth A, Bruns H, Rösler W, Amann K, Büttner-Herold M, Hennig S, Mackensen A, Hummel M, Moosmann A, Gerbitz A. Reconstitution of EBV-directed T cell immunity by adoptive transfer of peptide-stimulated T cells in a patient after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for AITL. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010206. [PMID: 35452490 PMCID: PMC9067708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstitution of the T cell repertoire after allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a long and often incomplete process. As a result, reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a frequent complication that may be treated by adoptive transfer of donor-derived EBV-specific T cells. We generated donor-derived EBV-specific T cells by stimulation with peptides representing defined epitopes covering multiple HLA restrictions. T cells were adoptively transferred to a patient who had developed persisting high titers of EBV after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). T cell receptor beta (TCRβ) deep sequencing showed that the T cell repertoire of the patient early after transplantation (day 60) was strongly reduced and only very low numbers of EBV-specific T cells were detectable. Manufacturing and in vitro expansion of donor-derived EBV-specific T cells resulted in enrichment of EBV epitope-specific, HLA-restricted T cells. Monitoring of T cell clonotypes at a molecular level after adoptive transfer revealed that the dominant TCR sequences from peptide-stimulated T cells persisted long-term and established an EBV-specific TCR clonotype repertoire in the host, with many of the EBV-specific TCRs present in the donor. This reconstituted repertoire was associated with immunological control of EBV and with lack of further AITL relapse. A characteristic feature of all herpesviruses is their persistence in the host’s body after primary infection. Hence, the host’s immune system is confronted with the problem to control these viruses life-long. When the immune system is severely compromised, for example after stem cell transplantation from a foreign (allogeneic) donor, these viruses can reappear, as they persist in the host’s body life-long after primary infection. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a herpesvirus that can cause life-threatening complications after stem cell transplantation and only reinforcement of the host’s immune system can reestablish control over the virus. Here we show that ex vivo manufactured EBV-specific T cells can reestablish long-term control of EBV and that these cells persist in the host’s body over months. These results give us a better understanding of viral immune reconstitution post-transplant and of clinically-relevant T cell populations against EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Lammoglia Cobo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Ritter
- Institute of Pathology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Gary
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 –Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Volkhard Seitz
- Institute of Pathology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- HS Diagnomics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Mautner
- Department of Medicine III, LMU-Klinikum, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Aigner
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 –Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Völkl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 –Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schaffer
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 –Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Moi
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 –Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anke Seegebarth
- Institute of Pathology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 –Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolf Rösler
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 –Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 –Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Moosmann
- Department of Medicine III, LMU-Klinikum, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Armin Gerbitz
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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16
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Chen T, Song J, Liu H, Zheng H, Chen C. Positive Epstein-Barr virus detection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10902. [PMID: 34035353 PMCID: PMC8149409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to detect the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) coinfection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this retrospective single-center study, we included 67 COVID-19 patients with onset time within 2 weeks in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 9 to February 29, 2020. Patients were divided into EBV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection group and SARS-CoV-2 infection alone group according to the serological results of EBV, and the characteristics differences between the two groups were compared. The median age was 37 years, with 35 (52.2%) females. Among these COVID-19 patients, thirty-seven (55.2%) patients were seropositive for EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM antibody. EBV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection patients had a 3.09-fold risk of having a fever symptom than SARS-CoV-2 infection alone patients (95% CI 1.11-8.56; P = 0.03). C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.02) and the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P = 0.04) in EBV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection patients were higher than that in SARS-CoV-2 infection alone patients. EBV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection patients had a higher portion of corticosteroid use than the SARS-CoV-2 infection alone patients (P = 0.03). We find a high incidence of EBV coinfection in COVID-19 patients. EBV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection was associated with fever and increased inflammation. EBV reactivation may associated with the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Jiayi Song
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Changzheng Chen
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 JieFang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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17
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Mahnke YD, Devevre E, Baumgaertner P, Matter M, Rufer N, Romero P, Speiser DE. Human melanoma-specific CD8(+) T-cells from metastases are capable of antigen-specific degranulation and cytolysis directly ex vivo. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:467-530. [PMID: 22754765 PMCID: PMC3382891 DOI: 10.4161/onci.19856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The relatively low frequencies of tumor Ag-specific T-cells in PBMC and metastases from cancer patients have long precluded the analysis of their direct ex vivo cytolytic capacity. Using a new composite technique that works well with low cell numbers, we aimed at determining the functional competence of melanoma-specific CD8+ T-cells. A multiparameter flow cytometry based technique was applied to assess the cytolytic function, degranulation and IFNγ production by tumor Ag-specific CD8+ T-cells from PBMC and tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes (TILN) of melanoma patients. We found strong cytotoxicity by T-cells not only when they were isolated from PBMC but also from TILN. Cytotoxicity was observed against peptide-pulsed target cells and melanoma cells presenting the naturally processed endogenous antigen. However, unlike their PBMC-derived counterparts, T-cells from TILN produced only minimal amounts of IFNγ, while exhibiting similar levels of degranulation, revealing a critical functional dichotomy in metastatic lesions. Our finding of partial functional impairment fits well with the current knowledge that T-cells from cancer metastases are so-called exhausted, a state of T-cell hyporesponsiveness also found in chronic viral infections. The identification of responsible mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment is important for improving cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda D Mahnke
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research; University of Lausanne; Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Rowntree LC, Nguyen THO, Farenc C, Halim H, Hensen L, Rossjohn J, Kotsimbos TC, Purcell AW, Kedzierska K, Gras S, Mifsud NA. A Shared TCR Bias toward an Immunogenic EBV Epitope Dominates in HLA-B*07:02–Expressing Individuals. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1524-1534. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Soldan SS, Lieberman PM. Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in the Development of Neurological Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 32:35-52. [PMID: 33897799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that contributes to the etiology of diverse human cancers and auto-immune diseases. EBV establishes a relatively benign, long-term latent infection in over 90 percent of the adult population. Yet, it also increases risk for certain cancers and auto-immune disorders depending on complex viral, host, and environmental factors that are only partly understood. EBV latent infection is found predominantly in memory B-cells, but the natural infection cycle and pathological aberrations enable EBV to infect numerous other cell types, including oral, nasopharyngeal, and gastric epithelia, B-, T-, and NK-lymphoid cells, myocytes, adipocytes, astrocytes, and neurons. EBV infected cells, free virus, and gene products can also be found in the CNS. In addition to the direct effects of EBV on infected cells and tissue, the effect of chronic EBV infection on the immune system is also thought to contribute to pathogenesis, especially auto-immune disease. Here, we review properties of EBV infection that may shed light on its potential pathogenic role in neurological disorders.
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20
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Sefrin JP, Hillringhaus L, Mundigl O, Mann K, Ziegler-Landesberger D, Seul H, Tabares G, Knoblauch D, Leinenbach A, Friligou I, Dziadek S, Offringa R, Lifke V, Lifke A. Sensitization of Tumors for Attack by Virus-Specific CD8+ T-Cells Through Antibody-Mediated Delivery of Immunogenic T-Cell Epitopes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1962. [PMID: 31555260 PMCID: PMC6712545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor immunity is limited by a number of factors including the lack of fully activated T-cells, insufficient antigenic stimulation and the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. We addressed these hurdles by developing a novel class of immunoconjugates, Antibody-Targeted Pathogen-derived Peptides (ATPPs), which were designed to efficiently deliver viral T-cell epitopes to tumors with the aim of redirecting virus-specific memory T-cells against the tumor. ATPPs were generated through covalent binding of mature MHC class I peptides to antibodies specific for cell surface-expressed tumor antigens that mediate immunoconjugate internalization. By means of a cleavable linker, the peptides are released in the endosomal compartment, from which they are loaded into MHC class I without the need for further processing. Pulsing of tumor cells with ATPPs was found to sensitize these for recognition by virus-specific CD8+ T-cells with much greater efficiency than exogenous loading with free peptides. Systemic injection of ATPPs into tumor-bearing mice enhanced the recruitment of virus-specific T-cells into the tumor and, when combined with immune checkpoint blockade, suppressed tumor growth. Our data thereby demonstrate the potential of ATPPs as a means of kick-starting the immune response against “cold” tumors and increasing the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian P Sefrin
- Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Lars Hillringhaus
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Mundigl
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Karin Mann
- Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Doris Ziegler-Landesberger
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Heike Seul
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Gloria Tabares
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Dominic Knoblauch
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Leinenbach
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Irene Friligou
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dziadek
- Translational Medicine Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rienk Offringa
- Department of General Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valeria Lifke
- Personalized Healthcare Solution, Immunoassay Development and System Integration, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Lifke
- Pharma Biotech Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
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21
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Xu M, Yao Y, Chen H, Zhang S, Cao SM, Zhang Z, Luo B, Liu Z, Li Z, Xiang T, He G, Feng QS, Chen LZ, Guo X, Jia WH, Chen MY, Zhang X, Xie SH, Peng R, Chang ET, Pedergnana V, Feng L, Bei JX, Xu RH, Zeng MS, Ye W, Adami HO, Lin X, Zhai W, Zeng YX, Liu J. Genome sequencing analysis identifies Epstein-Barr virus subtypes associated with high risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1131-1136. [PMID: 31209392 PMCID: PMC6610787 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is ubiquitous worldwide and is
associated with multiple cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The
importance of EBV viral genomic variation in NPC development and its striking
epidemic in southern China has been poorly explored. Through large-scale genome
sequencing of 270 EBV isolates and two-stage association study of EBV isolates
from China, we identified two non-synonymous EBV variants within
BALF2 strongly associated with the risk of NPC (odds ratio
(OR) = 8.69, P=9.69×10−25 for SNP
162476_C; OR = 6.14, P=2.40×10−32 for
SNP 163364_T). The cumulative effects of these variants contributed to 83% of
the overall risk of NPC in southern China. Phylogenetic analysis of the risk
variants revealed a unique origin in Asia, followed by clonal expansion in
NPC-endemic regions. Our results provide novel insights into NPC endemic in
southern China and also enable the identification of high-risk individuals for
NPC prevention. Whole-genome sequencing and association analysis of 270 Epstein-Barr
virus (EBV) isolates from China identify two non-synonymous EBV variants within
BALF2 strongly associated with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Youyuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Comprehensive Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Mei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zilin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiping He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shang-Hang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Roujun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ellen T Chang
- Center for Health Sciences, Exponent, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Pedergnana
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weiwei Zhai
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. .,Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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22
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Dasari V, Sinha D, Neller MA, Smith C, Khanna R. Prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases: emerging strategies for clinical development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:457-474. [PMID: 30987475 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1605906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 95% of the world's population and is associated with infectious mononucleosis as well as a number of cancers in various geographical locations. Despite its significant health burden, no licenced prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines are available. Areas covered: Over the last two decades, our understanding of the role of EBV infection in the pathogenesis and immune regulation of EBV-associated diseases has provided new lines of research to conceptualize various novel prophylactic and therapeutic approaches to control EBV-associated disease. In this review, we evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine approaches against EBV and various immunotherapeutic strategies against a number of EBV-associated malignancies. This review also describes the existing and future prospects of improved EBV-targeted therapeutic strategies. Expert opinion: It is anticipated that these emerging strategies will provide answers for the major challenges in EBV vaccine development and help improve the efficacy of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayendra Dasari
- a QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Debottam Sinha
- a QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Michelle A Neller
- a QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Corey Smith
- a QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Rajiv Khanna
- a QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
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23
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Natural Variations in BRLF1 Promoter Contribute to the Elevated Reactivation Level of Epstein-Barr Virus in Endemic Areas of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2018; 37:101-109. [PMID: 30420297 PMCID: PMC6286269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a crucial risk factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but the mechanism for its elevated activation level in NPC endemic areas remains unclear. This study aims to identify the EBV natural variations contributed to the different reactivation potential between NPC endemic and non-endemic areas. Methods 1030 subjects were recruited in China, including 303 healthy individuals from two NPC non-endemic areas, 483 healthy people from three endemic areas and 244 NPC patients. Among which, saliva DNA samples from 244 participants were sequenced for the EBV immediate early (IE) genes of BRLF1 and BZLF1, their promoters were included; the rest 786 subjects were used for the validation of significant variations among three different populations. Haplotype and population structure analysis were conducted. Dual-luciferase assay was used to detect the promoter activity. Results A total of 246 distinct variations were detected, 29 showed significant difference in the frequencies between healthy people from NPC endemic area and non-endemic area. Population structure analysis clustered EBV strains into 9 subgroups mostly in accordance with the geographical origin of samples. Interestingly, two EBV genotypes, Rp-V1 and Rp-V2, were identified according to the linkage relationship of the variations in BRLF1 promoter (Rp). Rp-V1 has higher frequency in NPC endemic areas than in non-endemic areas (52.38% vs 18.15%, P = 2.07 × 10−14), and was associated with higher oral EBV DNA levels (adjusted OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.21–2.24, P = .002), suggesting a more powerful activation ability of Rp-V1 than that of the prototype Rp-of the EBV strain; On the contrary, Rp-V2 has higher frequency in NPC non-endemic areas than in endemic areas (18.48% vs 0.38%, P = 1.17 × 10−7), might represent a reduced activation potential of EBV. Further dual-luciferase assay showed Rp-V1 has higher promoter activity while compared with Rp-V2 (P < .0001). Notably, Rp-V1 impaired the transcription repression effect of YY1 while Rp-V2 strengthened the transcription repression effect of EBF1 on Rp. In addition, significant differences of Rta 393–407 CTL epitope which may influence the recognition of Rta by CD8+ T cells were detected between healthy people from NPC endemic area and non-endemic area. Conclusions This study identified natural variations in cis-acting elements (YY1 and EBF1) of EBV Rp altering Rp transcription activities, which may contribute to the elevated EBV activation level in NPC endemic areas than non-endemic areas.
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24
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Forrest C, Hislop AD, Rickinson AB, Zuo J. Proteome-wide analysis of CD8+ T cell responses to EBV reveals differences between primary and persistent infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007110. [PMID: 30248160 PMCID: PMC6171963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human herpesviruses are antigenically rich agents that induce strong CD8+T cell responses in primary infection yet persist for life, continually challenging T cell memory through recurrent lytic replication and potentially influencing the spectrum of antigen-specific responses. Here we describe the first lytic proteome-wide analysis of CD8+ T cell responses to a gamma1-herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and the first such proteome-wide analysis of primary versus memory CD8+ T cell responses to any human herpesvirus. Primary effector preparations were generated directly from activated CD8+ T cells in the blood of infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients by in vitro mitogenic expansion. For memory preparations, EBV-specific cells in the blood of long-term virus carriers were first re-stimulated in vitro by autologous dendritic cells loaded with a lysate of lytically-infected cells, then expanded as for IM cells. Preparations from 7 donors of each type were screened against each of 70 EBV lytic cycle proteins in combination with the donor's individual HLA class I alleles. Multiple reactivities against immediate early (IE), early (E) and late (L) lytic cycle proteins, including many hitherto unrecognised targets, were detected in both contexts. Interestingly however, the two donor cohorts showed a different balance between IE, E and L reactivities. Primary responses targeted IE and a small group of E proteins preferentially, seemingly in line with their better presentation on the infected cell surface before later-expressed viral evasins take full hold. By contrast, target choice equilibrates in virus carriage with responses to key IE and E antigens still present but with responses to a select subset of L proteins now often prominent. We infer that, for EBV at least, long-term virus carriage with its low level virus replication and lytic antigen release is associated with a re-shaping of the virus-specific response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Forrest
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Hislop
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alan B. Rickinson
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jianmin Zuo
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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25
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Danilova L, Anagnostou V, Caushi JX, Sidhom JW, Guo H, Chan HY, Suri P, Tam A, Zhang J, Asmar ME, Marrone KA, Naidoo J, Brahmer JR, Forde PM, Baras AS, Cope L, Velculescu VE, Pardoll DM, Housseau F, Smith KN. The Mutation-Associated Neoantigen Functional Expansion of Specific T Cells (MANAFEST) Assay: A Sensitive Platform for Monitoring Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:888-899. [PMID: 29895573 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutation-associated neoantigens (MANA) are a target of antitumor T-cell immunity. Sensitive, simple, and standardized assays are needed to assess the repertoire of functional MANA-specific T cells in oncology. Assays analyzing in vitro cytokine production such as ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining have been useful but have limited sensitivity in assessing tumor-specific T-cell responses and do not analyze antigen-specific T-cell repertoires. The FEST (Functional Expansion of Specific T cells) assay described herein integrates T-cell receptor sequencing of short-term, peptide-stimulated cultures with a bioinformatic platform to identify antigen-specific clonotypic amplifications. This assay can be adapted for all types of antigens, including MANAs via tumor exome-guided prediction of MANAs. Following in vitro identification by the MANAFEST assay, the MANA-specific CDR3 sequence can be used as a molecular barcode to detect and monitor the dynamics of these clonotypes in blood, tumor, and normal tissue of patients receiving immunotherapy. MANAFEST is compatible with high-throughput routine clinical and lab practices. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(8); 888-99. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Danilova
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valsamo Anagnostou
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Justina X Caushi
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John-William Sidhom
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Haidan Guo
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hok Yee Chan
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Prerna Suri
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ada Tam
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Margueritta El Asmar
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kristen A Marrone
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jarushka Naidoo
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julie R Brahmer
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick M Forde
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexander S Baras
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leslie Cope
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Victor E Velculescu
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Franck Housseau
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kellie N Smith
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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26
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Gary R, Aigner M, Moi S, Schaffer S, Gottmann A, Maas S, Zimmermann R, Zingsem J, Strobel J, Mackensen A, Mautner J, Moosmann A, Gerbitz A. Clinical-grade generation of peptide-stimulated CMV/EBV-specific T cells from G-CSF mobilized stem cell grafts. J Transl Med 2018; 16:124. [PMID: 29743075 PMCID: PMC5941463 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aSCT) is the reactivation of herpesviruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Both viruses cause significant mortality and compromise quality of life after aSCT. Preventive transfer of virus-specific T cells can suppress reactivation by re-establishing functional antiviral immune responses in immunocompromised hosts. Methods We have developed a good manufacturing practice protocol to generate CMV/EBV-peptide-stimulated T cells from leukapheresis products of G-CSF mobilized and non-mobilized donors. Our procedure selectively expands virus-specific CD8+ und CD4+ T cells over 9 days using a generic pool of 34 CMV and EBV peptides that represent well-defined dominant T-cell epitopes with various HLA restrictions. For HLA class I, this set of peptides covers at least 80% of the European population. Results CMV/EBV-specific T cells were successfully expanded from leukapheresis material of both G-CSF mobilized and non-mobilized donors. The protocol allows administration shortly after stem cell transplantation (d30+), storage over liquid nitrogen for iterated applications, and protection of the stem cell donor by avoiding a second leukapheresis. Conclusion Our protocol allows for rapid and cost-efficient production of T cells for early transfusion after aSCT as a preventive approach. It is currently evaluated in a phase I/IIa clinical trial. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1498-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Gary
- Dept. of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Michael Aigner
- Dept. of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Moi
- Dept. of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schaffer
- Dept. of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Gottmann
- Dept. of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Maas
- Center for Clinical Studies CCS, University Hospital of Erlangen, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zingsem
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Strobel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Dept. of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Josef Mautner
- Clinical Cooperation Group Pediatric Tumor Immunology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Moosmann
- DZIF Research Group Host Control of Viral Latency and Reactivation (HOCOVLAR), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Marchioninistr. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Armin Gerbitz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Cohen JI. Vaccine Development for Epstein-Barr Virus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1045:477-493. [PMID: 29896681 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7230-7_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the primary cause of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with several malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and lymphomas in immunocompromised persons, as well as multiple sclerosis. A vaccine is currently unavailable. While monomeric EBV gp350 was shown in a phase 2 trial to reduce the incidence of infectious mononucleosis, but not the rate of EBV infection, newer formulations of gp350 including multimeric forms, viruslike particles, and nanoparticles may be more effective. A vaccine that also includes additional viral glycoproteins, lytic proteins, or latency proteins might improve the effectiveness of an EBV gp350 vaccine. Clinical trials to determine if an EBV vaccine can reduce the rate of infectious mononucleosis or posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease should be performed. The former is important since infectious mononucleosis can be associated with debilitating fatigue as well as other complications, and EBV infectious mononucleosis is associated with increased rates of Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple sclerosis. A vaccine to reduce EBV posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease would be an important proof of principle to prevent an EBV-associated malignancy. Trials of an EBV vaccine to reduce the incidence of Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple sclerosis, or Burkitt lymphoma would be difficult but feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I Cohen
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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28
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Lam JH, Chua YL, Lee PX, Martínez Gómez JM, Ooi EE, Alonso S. Dengue vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell immunity confers protection in the context of enhancing, interfering maternal antibodies. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94500. [PMID: 29263304 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Declining levels of maternal antibodies were shown to sensitize infants born to dengue-immune mothers to severe disease during primary infection, through the process of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE). With the recent approval for human use of Sanofi-Pasteur's chimeric dengue vaccine CYD-TDV and several vaccine candidates in clinical development, the scenario of infants born to vaccinated mothers has become a reality. This raises 2 questions: will declining levels of maternal vaccine-induced antibodies cause ADE; and, will maternal antibodies interfere with vaccination efficacy in the infant? To address these questions, the above scenario was modeled in mice. Type I IFN-deficient female mice were immunized with live attenuated DENV2 PDK53, the core component of the tetravalent DENVax candidate currently under clinical development. Pups born to PDK53-immunized dams acquired maternal antibodies that strongly neutralized parental strain 16681, but not the heterologous DENV2 strain D2Y98P-PP1, and instead caused ADE during primary infection with this strain. Furthermore, pups failed to seroconvert after PDK53 vaccination, owing to maternal antibody interference. However, a cross-protective multifunctional CD8+ T cell response did develop. Thus, our work advocates for the development of dengue vaccine candidates that induce protective CD8+ T cells despite the presence of enhancing, interfering maternal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hang Lam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Leong Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and
| | - Pei Xuan Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julia María Martínez Gómez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Emerging Infectious Disease Program, Duke-NUS, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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29
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Hart J, MacHugh ND, Sheldrake T, Nielsen M, Morrison WI. Identification of immediate early gene products of bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) as dominant antigens recognized by CD8 T cells in immune cattle. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1843-1854. [PMID: 28671533 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In common with other herpes viruses, bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) induces strong virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses. However, there is a paucity of information on the antigenic specificity of the responding T-cells. The development of a system to generate virus-specific CD8 T-cell lines from BHV-1-immune cattle, employing Theileria-transformed cell lines for antigen presentation, has enabled us to address this issue. Use of this system allowed the study to screen for CD8 T-cell antigens that are efficiently presented on the surface of virus-infected cells. Screening of a panel of 16 candidate viral gene products with CD8 T-cell lines from 3 BHV-1-immune cattle of defined MHC genotypes identified 4 antigens, including 3 immediate early (IE) gene products (ICP4, ICP22 and Circ) and a tegument protein (UL49). Identification of the MHC restriction specificities revealed that the antigens were presented by two or three class I MHC alleles in each animal. Six CD8 T-cell epitopes were identified in the three IE proteins by screening of synthetic peptides. Use of an algorithm (NetMHCpan) that predicts the peptide-binding characteristics of restricting MHC alleles confirmed and, in some cases refined, the identity of the epitopes. Analyses of the epitope specificity of the CD8 T-cell lines showed that a large component of the response is directed against these IE epitopes. The results indicate that these IE gene products are dominant targets of the CD8 T-cell response in BHV-I-immune cattle and hence are prime-candidate antigens for the generation of a subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Hart
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Niall D MacHugh
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Tara Sheldrake
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Centre for Biological Science Sequence Analysis, The Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - W Ivan Morrison
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.,Biotechnological Research Institute, National University of San Martin, San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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30
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Poorebrahim M, Salarian A, Najafi S, Abazari MF, Aleagha MN, Dadras MN, Jazayeri SM, Ataei A, Poortahmasebi V. Regulatory network analysis of Epstein-Barr virus identifies functional modules and hub genes involved in infectious mononucleosis. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1299-1309. [PMID: 28155194 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and establishes lifetime infection associated with a variety of cancers and autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to develop an integrative gene regulatory network (GRN) approach and overlying gene expression data to identify the representative subnetworks for IM and EBV latent infection (LI). After identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both IM and LI gene expression profiles, functional annotations were applied using gene ontology (GO) and BiNGO tools, and construction of GRNs, topological analysis and identification of modules were carried out using several plugins of Cytoscape. In parallel, a human-EBV GRN was generated using the Hu-Vir database for further analyses. Our analysis revealed that the majority of DEGs in both IM and LI were involved in cell-cycle and DNA repair processes. However, these genes showed a significant negative correlation in the IM and LI states. Furthermore, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) - a hub gene with the highest centrality score - appeared to be the key player in cell cycle regulation in IM disease. The most significant functional modules in the IM and LI states were involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively. Human-EBV network analysis revealed several direct targets of EBV proteins during IM disease. Our study provides an important first report on the response to IM/LI EBV infection in humans. An important aspect of our data was the upregulation of genes associated with cell cycle progression and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Poorebrahim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salarian
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Najafi
- Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Foad Abazari
- Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nouri Aleagha
- Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasr Dadras
- Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
- Hepatitis B Molecular Laboratory, Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 15155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Ataei
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Hepatitis B Molecular Laboratory, Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 15155-6446, Tehran, Iran.
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31
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Brooks JM, Long HM, Tierney RJ, Shannon-Lowe C, Leese AM, Fitzpatrick M, Taylor GS, Rickinson AB. Early T Cell Recognition of B Cells following Epstein-Barr Virus Infection: Identifying Potential Targets for Prophylactic Vaccination. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005549. [PMID: 27096949 PMCID: PMC4838210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus, a B-lymphotropic herpesvirus, is the cause of infectious mononucleosis, has strong aetiologic links with several malignancies and has been implicated in certain autoimmune diseases. Efforts to develop a prophylactic vaccine to prevent or reduce EBV-associated disease have, to date, focused on the induction of neutralising antibody responses. However, such vaccines might be further improved by inducing T cell responses capable of recognising and killing recently-infected B cells. In that context, EBNA2, EBNA-LP and BHRF1 are the first viral antigens expressed during the initial stage of B cell growth transformation, yet have been poorly characterised as CD8+ T cell targets. Here we describe CD8+ T cell responses against each of these three "first wave" proteins, identifying target epitopes and HLA restricting alleles. While EBNA-LP and BHRF1 each contained one strong CD8 epitope, epitopes within EBNA2 induced immunodominant responses through several less common HLA class I alleles (e.g. B*3801 and B*5501), as well as subdominant responses through common class I alleles (e.g. B7 and C*0304). Importantly, such EBNA2-specific CD8+ T cells recognised B cells within the first day post-infection, prior to CD8+ T cells against well-characterised latent target antigens such as EBNA3B or LMP2, and effectively inhibited outgrowth of EBV-transformed B cell lines. We infer that "first wave" antigens of the growth-transforming infection, especially EBNA2, constitute potential CD8+ T cell immunogens for inclusion in prophylactic EBV vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M. Brooks
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Heather M. Long
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rose J. Tierney
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Shannon-Lowe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M. Leese
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Fitzpatrick
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Graham S. Taylor
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alan B. Rickinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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32
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Impaired Cytokine Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus Antigens in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:6473204. [PMID: 27110576 PMCID: PMC4826706 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6473204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed cytokine responses against latent and lytic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and healthy controls (HCs) to obtain an overview of the distinctive immune regulatory response in SLE patients and to expand the previously determined impaired EBV-directed T-cell response. The concentrations of 14 cytokines (IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL12, IL17, IL18, IL1β, IFNγ, TNFα, TNFβ, TGFβ, and GM-CSF) were quantified upon stimulation of whole blood with latent state antigen EBNA1, lytic cycle antigen EBV-EA/D, and the superantigen SEB. To avoid results affected by lack of lymphocytes, we focused on SLE patients with normal levels. Decreased induction of IL12, IFNγ, IL17, and IL6 upon EBNA1 stimulation and that of IFNγ, IL6, TNFβ, IL1β, and GM-CSF upon EBV-EA/D stimulation were detected in SLE patients compared to HCs. IFNγ responses, especially, were shown to be reduced. Induction of several cytokines was furthermore impaired in SLE patients upon SEB stimulation, but no difference was observed in basic levels. Results substantiate the previously proposed impaired regulation of the immune response against latent and lytic cycle EBV infection in SLE patients without lymphopenia. Furthermore, results indicate general dysfunction of leukocytes and their cytokine regulations in SLE patients.
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33
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T-cell libraries allow simple parallel generation of multiple peptide-specific human T-cell clones. J Immunol Methods 2016; 430:43-50. [PMID: 26826277 PMCID: PMC4783706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of peptide-specific T-cell clones is highly desirable for determining the role of T-cells in human disease, as well as for the development of therapies and diagnostics. However, generation of monoclonal T-cells with the required specificity is challenging and time-consuming. Here we describe a library-based strategy for the simple parallel detection and isolation of multiple peptide-specific human T-cell clones from CD8(+) or CD4(+) polyclonal T-cell populations. T-cells were first amplified by CD3/CD28 microbeads in a 96U-well library format, prior to screening for desired peptide recognition. T-cells from peptide-reactive wells were then subjected to cytokine-mediated enrichment followed by single-cell cloning, with the entire process from sample to validated clone taking as little as 6 weeks. Overall, T-cell libraries represent an efficient and relatively rapid tool for the generation of peptide-specific T-cell clones, with applications shown here in infectious disease (Epstein-Barr virus, influenza A, and Ebola virus), autoimmunity (type 1 diabetes) and cancer.
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34
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Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is arguably one of the most successful pathogens of humans, persistently infecting over ninety percent of the world's population. Despite this high frequency of carriage, the virus causes apparently few adverse effects in the vast majority of infected individuals. Nevertheless, the potent growth transforming ability of EBV means the virus has the potential to cause malignancies in infected individuals. Indeed, EBV is thought to cause 1% of human malignancies, equating to 200,000 malignancies each year. A clear factor as to why virus-induced disease is relatively infrequent in healthy infected individuals is the presence of a potent immune response to EBV, in particular, that mediated by T cells. Thus, patient groups with immunodeficiencies or whose cellular immune response is suppressed have much higher frequencies of EBV-induced disease and, in at least some cases, these diseases can be controlled by restoration of the T-cell compartment. In this chapter, we will primarily review the role the αβ subset of T cells in the control of EBV in healthy and diseased individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Hislop
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Graham S Taylor
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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35
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Brooks SE, Bonney SA, Lee C, Publicover A, Khan G, Smits EL, Sigurdardottir D, Arno M, Li D, Mills KI, Pulford K, Banham AH, van Tendeloo V, Mufti GJ, Rammensee HG, Elliott TJ, Orchard KH, Guinn BA. Application of the pMHC Array to Characterise Tumour Antigen Specific T Cell Populations in Leukaemia Patients at Disease Diagnosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140483. [PMID: 26492414 PMCID: PMC4619595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy treatments for cancer are becoming increasingly successful, however to further improve our understanding of the T-cell recognition involved in effective responses and to encourage moves towards the development of personalised treatments for leukaemia immunotherapy, precise antigenic targets in individual patients have been identified. Cellular arrays using peptide-MHC (pMHC) tetramers allow the simultaneous detection of different antigen specific T-cell populations naturally circulating in patients and normal donors. We have developed the pMHC array to detect CD8+ T-cell populations in leukaemia patients that recognise epitopes within viral antigens (cytomegalovirus (CMV) and influenza (Flu)) and leukaemia antigens (including Per Arnt Sim domain 1 (PASD1), MelanA, Wilms' Tumour (WT1) and tyrosinase). We show that the pMHC array is at least as sensitive as flow cytometry and has the potential to rapidly identify more than 40 specific T-cell populations in a small sample of T-cells (0.8-1.4 x 10(6)). Fourteen of the twenty-six acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients analysed had T cells that recognised tumour antigen epitopes, and eight of these recognised PASD1 epitopes. Other tumour epitopes recognised were MelanA (n = 3), tyrosinase (n = 3) and WT1(126-134) (n = 1). One of the seven acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) patients analysed had T cells that recognised the MUC1(950-958) epitope. In the future the pMHC array may be used provide point of care T-cell analyses, predict patient response to conventional therapy and direct personalised immunotherapy for patients.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antigens, Nuclear/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Separation
- Epitopes/immunology
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Major Histocompatibility Complex/immunology
- Peptides/immunology
- Reproducibility of Results
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E. Brooks
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), Somers Cancer Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie A. Bonney
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), Somers Cancer Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Cindy Lee
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), Somers Cancer Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Southampton University Hospitals Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Publicover
- Department of Haematology, Southampton University Hospitals Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ghazala Khan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Park Square, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Evelien L. Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dagmar Sigurdardottir
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthew Arno
- King’s Genomics Centre, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Demin Li
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ken I. Mills
- Blood Cancer Research Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Pulford
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison H. Banham
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Viggo van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ghulam J. Mufti
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim J. Elliott
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), Somers Cancer Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kim H. Orchard
- Department of Haematology, Southampton University Hospitals Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara-ann Guinn
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), Somers Cancer Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Park Square, Luton, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Roemhild A, Reinke P. Virus-specific T-cell therapy in solid organ transplantation. Transpl Int 2015; 29:515-26. [PMID: 26284570 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the current state of T-cell therapy as therapeutic option for virus-associated diseases against the background of the most common viral complications and their standard treatment regimens after SOT. The available data of clinical T-cell trials in SOT are summarized. References to the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are made if applicable data in SOT are not available and their content was considered likewise valid for cell therapy in SOT. Moreover, aspects of different manufacturing approaches including beneficial product characteristics and the importance of GMP compliance are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Roemhild
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapy (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapy (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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37
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Halawi M, Khan N, Blake N. Identification of novel CD8+ T cell epitopes in human herpesvirus 6B U11 and U90. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2015; 3:118-31. [PMID: 26029371 PMCID: PMC4444154 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV6B) infects over 90% of the population, and normally establishes a latent infection, where episodes of reactivation are asymptomatic. However, in immunocompromised patients HHV6B reactivation is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Cellular immunotherapy has been utilised against other herpesvirus in immunocompromised settings. However, limited information on the immune response against HHV6B has hampered the development of immunotherapy for HHV6B-driven disease. In this study, we have analysed the cellular immune response against four HHV6B antigens in a panel of 30 healthy donors. We show that the base-line level of T cell reactivity in peripheral blood is very low to undetectable. A short-term reactivation step enabled expansion of T cell responses, and all donors responded to at least 1 antigen, but more commonly 3 or 4. A hierarchy of immunogenicity was determined with antigens U90 and U54 being co-dominant, followed by U11 and U39. Putative CD8+ T cell epitopes were mapped to U90 and U11, predicted to be presented in the context of HLA-A1, A29, B39 and C6. T cells reactive against these novel epitopes were able to recognise virus-infected cells. Our data is supportive of the application and on-going development of T cell immunotherapy against HHVB-driven disease in the immunocompromised host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Halawi
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Clinical Immunology School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
| | - Neil Blake
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK
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Chappell P, Meziane EK, Harrison M, Magiera Ł, Hermann C, Mears L, Wrobel AG, Durant C, Nielsen LL, Buus S, Ternette N, Mwangi W, Butter C, Nair V, Ahyee T, Duggleby R, Madrigal A, Roversi P, Lea SM, Kaufman J. Expression levels of MHC class I molecules are inversely correlated with promiscuity of peptide binding. eLife 2015; 4:e05345. [PMID: 25860507 PMCID: PMC4420994 DOI: 10.7554/elife.05345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are at the heart of adaptive immune responses, playing crucial roles in many kinds of disease and in vaccination. We report that breadth of peptide presentation and level of cell surface expression of class I molecules are inversely correlated in both chickens and humans. This relationship correlates with protective responses against infectious pathogens including Marek's disease virus leading to lethal tumours in chickens and human immunodeficiency virus infection progressing to AIDS in humans. We propose that differences in peptide binding repertoire define two groups of MHC class I molecules strategically evolved as generalists and specialists for different modes of pathogen resistance. We suggest that differences in cell surface expression level ensure the development of optimal peripheral T cell responses. The inverse relationship of peptide repertoire and expression is evidently a fundamental property of MHC molecules, with ramifications extending beyond immunology and medicine to evolutionary biology and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Chappell
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - El Kahina Meziane
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Harrison
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Łukasz Magiera
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Clemens Hermann
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Mears
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antony G Wrobel
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Durant
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lise Lotte Nielsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Buus
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicola Ternette
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Trudy Ahyee
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, The Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Duggleby
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, The Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Madrigal
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, The Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Roversi
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Lea
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Kaufman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Shen Y, Zhang S, Sun R, Wu T, Qian J. Understanding the interplay between host immunity and Epstein-Barr virus in NPC patients. Emerg Microbes Infect 2015; 4:e20. [PMID: 26038769 PMCID: PMC4395660 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2015.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been used as a paradigm for studying host-virus interactions, not only because of its importance as a human oncogenic virus associated with several malignancies including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) but also owing to its sophisticated strategies to subvert the host antiviral responses. An understanding of the interplay between EBV and NPC is critical for the development of EBV-targeted immunotherapy. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the host immune responses and EBV immune evasion mechanisms in the context of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China ; ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China ; ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ren Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China ; ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China ; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Tingting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China ; ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China ; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jing Qian
- ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China ; Research Center of Infection and Immunity, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
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40
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Jayasooriya S, de Silva TI, Njie-jobe J, Sanyang C, Leese AM, Bell AI, McAulay KA, Yanchun P, Long HM, Dong T, Whittle HC, Rickinson AB, Rowland-Jones SL, Hislop AD, Flanagan KL. Early virological and immunological events in asymptomatic Epstein-Barr virus infection in African children. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004746. [PMID: 25816224 PMCID: PMC4376400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection often occurs in early childhood and is asymptomatic. However, if delayed until adolescence, primary infection may manifest as acute infectious mononucleosis (AIM), a febrile illness characterised by global CD8+ T-cell lymphocytosis, much of it reflecting a huge expansion of activated EBV-specific CD8+ T-cells. While the events of AIM have been intensely studied, little is known about how these relate to asymptomatic primary infection. Here Gambian children (14-18 months old, an age at which many acquire the virus) were followed for the ensuing six months, monitoring circulating EBV loads, antibody status against virus capsid antigen (VCA) and both total and virus-specific CD8+ T-cell numbers. Many children were IgG anti-VCA-positive and, though no longer IgM-positive, still retained high virus loads comparable to AIM patients and had detectable EBV-specific T-cells, some still expressing activation markers. Virus loads and the frequency/activation status of specific T-cells decreased over time, consistent with resolution of a relatively recent primary infection. Six children with similarly high EBV loads were IgM anti-VCA-positive, indicating very recent infection. In three of these donors with HLA types allowing MHC-tetramer analysis, highly activated EBV-specific T-cells were detectable in the blood with one individual epitope response reaching 15% of all CD8+ T-cells. That response was culled and the cells lost activation markers over time, just as seen in AIM. However, unlike AIM, these events occurred without marked expansion of total CD8+ numbers. Thus asymptomatic EBV infection in children elicits a virus-specific CD8+ T-cell response that can control the infection without over-expansion; conversely, in AIM it appears the CD8 over-expansion, rather than virus load per se, is the cause of disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamanthi Jayasooriya
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Thushan I. de Silva
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
- Department of Infection and Immunity, The University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chilel Sanyang
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Alison M. Leese
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew I. Bell
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A. McAulay
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Yanchun
- The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heather M. Long
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Dong
- The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hilton C. Whittle
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan B. Rickinson
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Rowland-Jones
- Nuffied Department of Medicine, NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Hislop
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Katie L. Flanagan
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Commercial Road, Prahran, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Okada E, Shigeyasu H, Inaguma Y, Emi N, Sano K, Tsutsumi Y. Epstein-Barr virus-induced polyclonal lymphoproliferative disorder of lymphoplasmacytic type in an autopsy case of aplastic anemia treated twice with anti-thymocyte globulin therapy. Pathol Int 2015; 65:274-6. [PMID: 25677466 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Okada
- Medical Student, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan; Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with a range of malignancies involving B cells, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, epithelial cells, and smooth muscle. All of these are associated with the latent life cycles of EBV, but the pattern of latency-associated viral antigens expressed in tumor cells depends on the type of tumor. EBV-specific T cells (EBVSTs) have been explored as prophylaxis and therapy for EBV-associated malignancies for more than two decades. EBVSTs have been most successful as prophylaxis and therapy for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) , which expresses the full array of latent EBV antigens (type 3 latency), in hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. While less effective, clinical studies have also demonstrated their therapeutic potential for PTLD post-solid organ transplant and for EBV-associated malignancies such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) that express a limited array of latent EBV antigens (type 2 latency). Several approaches are actively being pursued to improve the antitumor activity of EBVSTs including activation and expansion of T cells specific for the EBV antigens expressed in type 2 latency, genetic approaches to render EBVSTs resistant to the immunosuppressive tumor environment, and combination approaches with other immune-modulating modalities. Given the recent advances and renewed interest in cell therapy, we hope that EBVSTs will become an integral part of our treatment armamentarium against EBV-positive malignancies in the near-future.
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Antsiferova O, Müller A, Rämer PC, Chijioke O, Chatterjee B, Raykova A, Planas R, Sospedra M, Shumilov A, Tsai MH, Delecluse HJ, Münz C. Adoptive transfer of EBV specific CD8+ T cell clones can transiently control EBV infection in humanized mice. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004333. [PMID: 25165855 PMCID: PMC4148450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection expands CD8+ T cells specific for lytic antigens to high frequencies during symptomatic primary infection, and maintains these at significant numbers during persistence. Despite this, the protective function of these lytic EBV antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that lytic EBV replication does not significantly contribute to virus-induced B cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model with reconstituted human immune system components (huNSG mice). However, we report a trend to reduction of EBV-induced lymphoproliferation outside of lymphoid organs upon diminished lytic replication. Moreover, we could demonstrate that CD8+ T cells against the lytic EBV antigen BMLF1 can eliminate lytically replicating EBV-transformed B cells from lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and in vivo, thereby transiently controlling high viremia after adoptive transfer into EBV infected huNSG mice. These findings suggest a protective function for lytic EBV antigen-specific CD8+ T cells against EBV infection and against virus-associated tumors in extra-lymphoid organs. These specificities should be explored for EBV-specific vaccine development. Epstein Barr virus persistently infects more than 90% of the human adult population. While fortunately carried as an asymptomatic chronic infection in most individuals, it causes B cell lymphomas and carcinomas in some patients. Symptomatic primary EBV infection, called infectious mononucleosis, predisposes for some of these malignancies and is characterized by massive expansions of cytotoxic T cells, which are mostly directed against lytic EBV antigens that are expressed during virus particle production. Therefore, we investigated the protective role of lytic EBV antigen specific T cells during EBV infection and the contribution of lytic EBV infection to virus-associated tumor formation. We found that lytic EBV antigen specific T cells kill B cells with lytic virus replication and might thereby transiently control EBV infection in mice with human immune system components. Furthermore, we observed that EBV associated B cell tumors outside secondary lymphoid organs may require lytic replication for efficient formation. Thus, we suggest that lytic EBV antigens should be explored for vaccination against symptomatic EBV infection and EBV associated extra-lymphoid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Antsiferova
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Müller
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick C. Rämer
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bithi Chatterjee
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Raykova
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Planas
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mireia Sospedra
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anatoliy Shumilov
- Division of Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ming-Han Tsai
- Division of Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henri-Jacques Delecluse
- Division of Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Draborg AH, Jacobsen S, Westergaard M, Mortensen S, Larsen JL, Houen G, Duus K. Reduced response to Epstein-Barr virus antigens by T-cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus Sci Med 2014; 1:e000015. [PMID: 25396062 PMCID: PMC4225738 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2014-000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has for long been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we investigated the levels of latent and lytic antigen EBV-specific T-cells and antibodies in SLE patients. Methods T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and antibodies were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results SLE patients showed a significantly reduced number of activated (CD69) T-cells upon ex vivo stimulation with EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) 1 or EBV early antigen diffuse (EBV-EA/D) in whole blood samples compared with healthy controls. Also, a reduced number of T-cells from SLE patients were found to produce interferon-γ upon stimulation with these antigens. Importantly, responses to a superantigen were normal in SLE patients. Compared with healthy controls, SLE patients had fewer EBV-specific T-cells but higher titres of antibodies against EBV. Furthermore, an inverse correlation was revealed between the number of lytic antigen EBV-specific T-cells and disease activity of the SLE patients, with high-activity SLE patients having fewer T-cells than low-activity SLE patients. Conclusions These results indicate a limited or a defective EBV-specific T-cell response in SLE patients, which may suggest poor control of EBV infection in SLE with an immune reaction shift towards a humoral response in an attempt to control viral reactivation. A role for decreased control of EBV as a contributing agent in the development or exacerbation of SLE is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Holck Draborg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Søren Jacobsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Marie Westergaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Shila Mortensen
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Virology , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Janni Lisander Larsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Karen Duus
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Aligo J, Walker M, Bugelski P, Weinstock D. Is murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV-68) a suitable immunotoxicological model for examining immunomodulatory drug-associated viral recrudescence? J Immunotoxicol 2014; 12:1-15. [PMID: 24512328 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2014.882996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive agents are used for treatment of a variety of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), and psoriasis, as well as for prevention of tissue rejection after organ transplantation. Recrudescence of herpesvirus infections, and increased risk of carcinogenesis from herpesvirus-associated tumors are related with immunosuppressive therapy in humans. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), a condition characterized by development of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-associated B-lymphocyte lymphoma, and Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), a dermal tumor associated with Kaposi Sarcoma-associated virus (KSHV), may develop in solid organ transplant patients. KS also occurs in immunosuppressed Acquired Immunodeficiency (AIDS) patients. Kaposi Sarcoma-associated virus (KSHV) is a herpes virus genetically related to EBV. Murine gammaherpes-virus-68 (MHV-68) is proposed as a mouse model of gammaherpesvirus infection and recrudescence and may potentially have relevance for herpesvirus-associated neoplasia. The pathogenesis of MHV-68 infection in mice mimics EBV/KSHV infection in humans with acute lytic viral replication followed by dissemination and establishment of persistent latency. MHV-68-infected mice may develop lymphoproliferative disease that is accelerated by disruption of the immune system. This manuscript first presents an overview of gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis and immunology as well as factors involved in viral recrudescence. A description of different types of immunodeficiency then follows, with particular focus on viral association with lymphomagenesis after immunosuppression. Finally, this review discusses different gammaherpesvirus animal models and describes a proposed MHV-68 model to further examine the interplay of immunomodulatory agents and gammaherpesvirus-associated neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Aligo
- Biologics Toxicology, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Spring House, PA , USA
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47
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Abbott RJM, Quinn LL, Leese AM, Scholes HM, Pachnio A, Rickinson AB. CD8+ T cell responses to lytic EBV infection: late antigen specificities as subdominant components of the total response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:5398-409. [PMID: 24146041 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
EBV elicits primary CD8(+) T cell responses that, by T cell cloning from infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients, appear skewed toward immediate early (IE) and some early (E) lytic cycle proteins, with late (L) proteins rarely targeted. However, L Ag-specific responses have been detected regularly in polyclonal T cell cultures from long-term virus carriers. To resolve this apparent difference between responses to primary and persistent infection, 13 long-term carriers were screened in ex vivo IFN-γ ELISPOT assays using peptides spanning the two IE, six representative E, and seven representative L proteins. This revealed memory CD8 responses to 44 new lytic cycle epitopes that straddle all three protein classes but, in terms of both frequency and size, maintain the IE > E > L hierarchy of immunodominance. Having identified the HLA restriction of 10 (including 7 L) new epitopes using memory CD8(+) T cell clones, we looked in HLA-matched IM patients and found such reactivities but typically at low levels, explaining why they had gone undetected in the original IM clonal screens. Wherever tested, all CD8(+) T cell clones against these novel lytic cycle epitopes recognized lytically infected cells naturally expressing their target Ag. Surprisingly, however, clones against the most frequently recognized L Ag, the BNRF1 tegument protein, also recognized latently infected, growth-transformed cells. We infer that BNRF1 is also a latent Ag that could be targeted in T cell therapy of EBV-driven B-lymphoproliferative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J M Abbott
- School of Cancer Sciences and Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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48
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Angelini DF, Serafini B, Piras E, Severa M, Coccia EM, Rosicarelli B, Ruggieri S, Gasperini C, Buttari F, Centonze D, Mechelli R, Salvetti M, Borsellino G, Aloisi F, Battistini L. Increased CD8+ T cell response to Epstein-Barr virus lytic antigens in the active phase of multiple sclerosis. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003220. [PMID: 23592979 PMCID: PMC3623710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with an increased Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) seroprevalence and high immune reactivity to EBV and that infectious mononucleosis increases MS risk. This evidence led to postulate that EBV infection plays a role in MS etiopathogenesis, although the mechanisms are debated. This study was designed to assess the prevalence and magnitude of CD8+ T-cell responses to EBV latent (EBNA-3A, LMP-2A) and lytic (BZLF-1, BMLF-1) antigens in relapsing-remitting MS patients (n = 113) and healthy donors (HD) (n = 43) and to investigate whether the EBV-specific CD8+ T cell response correlates with disease activity, as defined by clinical evaluation and gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Using HLA class I pentamers, lytic antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses were detected in fewer untreated inactive MS patients than in active MS patients and HD while the frequency of CD8+ T cells specific for EBV lytic and latent antigens was higher in active and inactive MS patients, respectively. In contrast, the CD8+ T cell response to cytomegalovirus did not differ between HD and MS patients, irrespective of the disease phase. Marked differences in the prevalence of EBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses were observed in patients treated with interferon-β and natalizumab, two licensed drugs for relapsing-remitting MS. Longitudinal studies revealed expansion of CD8+ T cells specific for EBV lytic antigens during active disease in untreated MS patients but not in relapse-free, natalizumab-treated patients. Analysis of post-mortem MS brain samples showed expression of the EBV lytic protein BZLF-1 and interactions between cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and EBV lytically infected plasma cells in inflammatory white matter lesions and meninges. We therefore propose that inability to control EBV infection during inactive MS could set the stage for intracerebral viral reactivation and disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Serafini
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piras
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia, (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Severa
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Eliana M. Coccia
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Rosicarelli
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Ruggieri
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Gasperini
- Department of Neurosciences, S Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Department of Neurosciences, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Department of Neurosciences, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Aloisi
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia, (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
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Knowlton ER, Lepone LM, Li J, Rappocciolo G, Jenkins FJ, Rinaldo CR. Professional antigen presenting cells in human herpesvirus 8 infection. Front Immunol 2013; 3:427. [PMID: 23346088 PMCID: PMC3549500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Professional antigen presenting cells (APC), i.e., dendritic cells (DC), monocytes/macrophages, and B lymphocytes, are critically important in the recognition of an invading pathogen and presentation of antigens to the T cell-mediated arm of immunity. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is one of the few human viruses that primarily targets these APC for infection, altering their cytokine profiles, manipulating their surface expression of MHC molecules, and altering their ability to activate HHV-8-specific T cells. This could be why T cell responses to HHV-8 antigens are not very robust. Of these APC, only B cells support complete, lytic HHV-8 infection. However, both complete and abortive virus replication cycles in APC could directly affect viral pathogenesis and progression to Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and HHV-8-associated B cell cancers. In this review, we discuss the effects of HHV-8 infection on professional APC and their relationship to the development of KS and B cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilee R Knowlton
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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50
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Epstein-Barr virus and systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:370516. [PMID: 22811739 PMCID: PMC3395176 DOI: 10.1155/2012/370516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of SLE is not fully established. SLE is a disease with periods of waning disease activity and intermittent flares. This fits well in theory to a latent virus infection, which occasionally switches to lytic cycle, and EBV infection has for long been suspected to be involved. This paper reviews EBV immunobiology and how this is related to SLE pathogenesis by illustrating uncontrolled reactivation of EBV as a disease mechanism for SLE. Studies on EBV in SLE patients show enlarged viral load, abnormal expression of viral lytic genes, impaired EBV-specific T-cell response, and increased levels of EBV-directed antibodies. These results suggest a role for reactivation of EBV infection in SLE. The increased level of EBV antibodies especially comprises an elevated titre of IgA antibodies, and the total number of EBV-reacting antibody isotypes is also enlarged. As EBV is known to be controlled by cell-mediated immunity, the reduced EBV-specific T-cell response in SLE patients may result in defective control of EBV causing frequent reactivation and expression of lytic cycle antigens. This gives rise to enhanced apoptosis and amplified cellular waste load resulting in activation of an immune response and development of EBV-directed antibodies and autoantibodies to cellular antigens.
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