1
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Choi Y. Association of neutrophil defects with oral ulcers but undetermined role of neutrophils in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26740. [PMID: 38439826 PMCID: PMC10911260 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Recurrent oral ulcers and severe periodontal diseases in patients with quantitative or qualitative neutrophil defects highlight the important role of neutrophils in maintaining oral mucosal barrier homeostasis. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal disease affecting up to 25% of the population, yet its etiopathogenesis remains unclear, and management is unsatisfactory. This review aims to gain insight into the pathogenesis of RAS. Design This narrative review examines the characteristics of oral and blood neutrophils, the associations between neutrophil defects and the occurrence of oral ulcers, and the evidence for the involvement of neutrophils in RAS. To conduct the review, relevant literature was searched in PubMed and Google Scholar, which was then thoroughly reviewed and critically appraised. Results Neutropenia, specifically a decrease in the number of oral neutrophils, impaired extravasation, and defective ROS production appear to be associated with oral ulcers, while defects in granule enzymes or NETosis are unlikely to have a link to oral ulcers. The review of the histopathology of RAS shows that neutrophils are concentrated in the denuded area but are latecomers to the scene and early leavers. However, the evidence for the involvement of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of RAS is inconsistent, leading to the proposal of two different scenarios involving either impaired or hyperactive neutrophils in the pathogenesis of RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngnim Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Dotta L, Baresi G, Tamassia N, Calzetti F, Bianchetto-Aguilera F, Gasperini S, Gardiman E, Chiarini M, Moratto D, Martellosio G, Serana F, Micheletti M, Tregambe D, Pintabona V, Soncini E, Meini A, Girelli MF, Beghin A, Lanfranchi A, Bugatti M, Brugnoni D, Soresina A, Plebani A, Cassatella M, Vermi W, Porta F, Badolato R. Clinical and transcriptomic characteristics of a novel SMARCD2 mutation that disrupts neutrophil maturation and function. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30671. [PMID: 37712719 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel case of SMARCD2 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily D, member 2) mutation successfully treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The female patient presented delayed cord separation, chronic diarrhea, skin abscesses, skeletal dysmorphisms, and neutropenia with specific granule deficiency. Analysis of the transcriptomic profile of peripheral blood sorted mature and immature SMARCD2 neutrophils showed defective maturation process that associated with altered expression of genes related to specific, azurophilic, and gelatinase granules, such as LTF, CRISP3, PTX3, and CHI3L1. These abnormalities account for the prevalence of immature neutrophils in the peripheral blood, impaired function, and deregulated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dotta
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciencies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Baresi
- Pediatric Oncohaematology and BMT Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Tamassia
- General Pathology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Calzetti
- General Pathology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Sara Gasperini
- General Pathology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Gardiman
- General Pathology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Chiarini
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniele Moratto
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martellosio
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federico Serana
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Moira Micheletti
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Tregambe
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pintabona
- Pediatric Oncohaematology and BMT Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Soncini
- Pediatric Oncohaematology and BMT Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Meini
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Beghin
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Section of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostics Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arnalda Lanfranchi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Section of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostics Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Duilio Brugnoni
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annarosa Soresina
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Plebani
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciencies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Cassatella
- General Pathology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fulvio Porta
- Pediatric Oncohaematology and BMT Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Badolato
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciencies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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3
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Cheng S, Yang J, Wang Y, Xian L, Hu Z, Zou L. The function and regulation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ε. EUR J INFLAMM 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x231153322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, studies on the structure, function, and regulation of the C/EBPε gene have become an essential topic in the field of many diseases. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ε (C/EBPε) is the fifth member of the transcription factor CCAAT/C/EBP family of transcription factors. It plays crucial roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, immunity, energy metabolism, and hematopoiesis. C/EBPε plays essential roles in regulating the hematopoietic system, including myeloid cell development and maturation, participation in the body’s immune responses, and prevention of infections. C/EBPε function is regulated by phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and other types of genes. This review related to C/EBPε structure, function and regulation provides a theoretical basis for subsequent research in this area. C/EBPε is an emerging therapeutic target and thus provides new strategies for disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Cheng
- Department of Emergency and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Emergency and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yudie Wang
- Emergency and Trauma College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lina Xian
- Intensive Care Unit, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhihua Hu
- Intensive Care Unit, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lingyun Zou
- Center for Clinical Data Research, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
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4
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Ibrahim A, Sharathkumar A, McLaughlin H, Claassen D, Bhagavathi S. Congenital Neutropenia with Specific Granulocyte Deficiency Caused by Novel Double Heterozygous SMARCD2 Mutations. Hematol Rep 2022; 14:270-275. [PMID: 36135322 PMCID: PMC9498992 DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep14030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SMARCD2 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily D, member 2) is critical for myelopoiesis. Recently, bi-allelic SMARCD2 mutations have been reported in five children, causing autosomal recessive congenital neutropenia with specific granulocytes deficiency (CN-SGD); a syndrome resulting in G-CSF resistant neutropenia, recurrent infections, and dysplastic myelopoiesis. We report a new case with CN-SGD caused by two novel heterozygous pathogenic variants in the SMARCD2 gene (c.1081del (p.Gln361Argfs*15)), and (c.217C>T (p.Arg73*)). Treatment with the weekly dosing of thrombopoietin receptor agonist, Romiplostim, along with daily G-CSF transformed her clinical course, implying potential synergism. This report advances the understanding of CN-SGD caused by SMARCD2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abukhiran Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver School of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Anjali Sharathkumar
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver School of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +1-319356-7659
| | | | - David Claassen
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver School of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sharathkumar Bhagavathi
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver School of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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5
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Velásquez SY, Coulibaly A, Sticht C, Schulte J, Hahn B, Sturm T, Schefzik R, Thiel M, Lindner HA. Key Signature Genes of Early Terminal Granulocytic Differentiation Distinguish Sepsis From Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome on Intensive Care Unit Admission. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864835. [PMID: 35844509 PMCID: PMC9280679 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection can induce granulopoiesis. This process potentially contributes to blood gene classifiers of sepsis in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) patients. This study aimed to identify signature genes of blood granulocytes from patients with sepsis and SIRS on intensive care unit (ICU) admission. CD15+ cells encompassing all stages of terminal granulocytic differentiation were analyzed. CD15 transcriptomes from patients with sepsis and SIRS on ICU admission and presurgical controls (discovery cohort) were subjected to differential gene expression and pathway enrichment analyses. Differential gene expression was validated by bead array in independent sepsis and SIRS patients (validation cohort). Blood counts of granulocyte precursors were determined by flow cytometry in an extension of the validation cohort. Despite similar transcriptional CD15 responses in sepsis and SIRS, enrichment of canonical pathways known to decline at the metamyelocyte stage (mitochondrial, lysosome, cell cycle, and proteasome) was associated with sepsis but not SIRS. Twelve of 30 validated genes, from 100 selected for changes in response to sepsis rather than SIRS, were endo-lysosomal. Revisiting the discovery transcriptomes revealed an elevated expression of promyelocyte-restricted azurophilic granule genes in sepsis and myelocyte-restricted specific granule genes in sepsis followed by SIRS. Blood counts of promyelocytes and myelocytes were higher in sepsis than in SIRS. Sepsis-induced granulopoiesis and signature genes of early terminal granulocytic differentiation thus provide a rationale for classifiers of sepsis in patients with SIRS on ICU admission. Yet, the distinction of this process from noninfectious tissue injury-induced granulopoiesis remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Y. Velásquez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna Coulibaly
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Next Generation Sequencing Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jutta Schulte
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bianka Hahn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Timo Sturm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roman Schefzik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Thiel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Holger A. Lindner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- *Correspondence: Holger A. Lindner,
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6
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Theilgaard-Mönch K, Pundhir S, Reckzeh K, Su J, Tapia M, Furtwängler B, Jendholm J, Jakobsen JS, Hasemann MS, Knudsen KJ, Cowland JB, Fossum A, Schoof E, Schuster MB, Porse BT. Transcription factor-driven coordination of cell cycle exit and lineage-specification in vivo during granulocytic differentiation : In memoriam Professor Niels Borregaard. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3595. [PMID: 35739121 PMCID: PMC9225994 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of multipotent stem cells into mature cells is fundamental for development and homeostasis of mammalian tissues, and requires the coordinated induction of lineage-specific transcriptional programs and cell cycle withdrawal. To understand the underlying regulatory mechanisms of this fundamental process, we investigated how the tissue-specific transcription factors, CEBPA and CEBPE, coordinate cell cycle exit and lineage-specification in vivo during granulocytic differentiation. We demonstrate that CEBPA promotes lineage-specification by launching an enhancer-primed differentiation program and direct activation of CEBPE expression. Subsequently, CEBPE confers promoter-driven cell cycle exit by sequential repression of MYC target gene expression at the G1/S transition and E2F-meditated G2/M gene expression, as well as by the up-regulation of Cdk1/2/4 inhibitors. Following cell cycle exit, CEBPE unleashes the CEBPA-primed differentiation program to generate mature granulocytes. These findings highlight how tissue-specific transcription factors coordinate cell cycle exit with differentiation through the use of distinct gene regulatory elements. Here the authors show that differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells into mature blood cells is primed by cell type-specific transcription factors at the enhancer level during early differentiation, before they confere promoter-driven growth arrest, and activate post-mitotic terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Theilgaard-Mönch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sachin Pundhir
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Reckzeh
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jinyu Su
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Tapia
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Furtwängler
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Jendholm
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janus Schou Jakobsen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Sigurd Hasemann
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Jermiin Knudsen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jack Bernard Cowland
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Fossum
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erwin Schoof
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bruhn Schuster
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo T Porse
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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A Novel CEBPE Variant Causes Severe Infections and Profound Neutropenia. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:1434-1450. [PMID: 35726044 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare inborn error of immunity resulting from loss-of-function variants in CEBPE gene (encoding for transcription factor C/EBPε). Although this genetic etiology has been known for over two decades, only a few patients with CEBPE variant-proven SGD (type I) have been reported. Herein, we describe two siblings with a novel homozygous CEBPE deletion who were noted to have profound neutropenia on initial evaluation. We aimed to evaluate the immunohematological consequences of this novel variant, including profound neutropenia. METHODS Light scatter characteristics of granulocytes were examined on various automated hematology analyzers. Phagocyte immunophenotype, reactive oxygen species generation, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling were assessed using flow cytometry. Relative expression of genes encoding various granule proteins was studied using RT-PCR. Western blot analysis and luciferase reporter assay were performed to explore variant C/EBPε expression and function. RESULTS Severe infections occurred in both siblings. Analysis of granulocyte light scatter plots revealed automated hematology analyzers can provide anomalously low neutrophil counts due to abnormal neutrophil morphology. Neutrophils displayed absence/marked reduction of CD15/CD16 expression and overexpression (in a subset) of CD14/CD64. Three distinct populations of phagocytes with different oxidase activities were observed. Impaired shedding of CD62-ligand was noted on stimulation with TLR-4, TLR-2/6, and TLR-7/8 agonists. We demonstrated the variant C/EBPε to be functionally deficient. CONCLUSION Homozygous c.655_665del variant in CEBPE causes SGD. Anomalous automated neutrophil counts may be reported in patients with SGD type I. Aberrant TLR signaling might be an additional pathogenetic mechanism underlying immunodeficiency in SGD type I.
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8
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Hsu AP, Holland SM. Host genetics of innate immune system in infection. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 74:140-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Identification of discriminative gene-level and protein-level features associated with pathogenic gain-of-function and loss-of-function variants. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:2301-2318. [PMID: 34762822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying whether a given genetic mutation results in a gene product with increased (gain-of-function; GOF) or diminished (loss-of-function; LOF) activity is an important step toward understanding disease mechanisms because they may result in markedly different clinical phenotypes. Here, we generated an extensive database of documented germline GOF and LOF pathogenic variants by employing natural language processing (NLP) on the available abstracts in the Human Gene Mutation Database. We then investigated various gene- and protein-level features of GOF and LOF variants and applied machine learning and statistical analyses to identify discriminative features. We found that GOF variants were enriched in essential genes, for autosomal-dominant inheritance, and in protein binding and interaction domains, whereas LOF variants were enriched in singleton genes, for protein-truncating variants, and in protein core regions. We developed a user-friendly web-based interface that enables the extraction of selected subsets from the GOF/LOF database by a broad set of annotated features and downloading of up-to-date versions. These results improve our understanding of how variants affect gene/protein function and may ultimately guide future treatment options.
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10
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CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein ε 27 Antagonism of GATA-1 Transcriptional Activity in the Eosinophil Is Mediated by a Unique N-Terminal Repression Domain, Is Independent of Sumoylation and Does Not Require DNA Binding. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312689. [PMID: 34884493 PMCID: PMC8657826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein epsilon (C/EBPε) is required for eosinophil differentiation, lineage-specific gene transcription, and expression of C/EBPε32 and shorter 27kD and 14kD isoforms is developmentally regulated during this process. We previously defined the 27kD isoform (C/EBPε27) as an antagonist of GATA-1 transactivation of the eosinophil's major basic protein-1 (MBP1) P2-promoter, showing C/EBPε27 and GATA-1 physically interact. In the current study, we used a Tat-C/EBPε27 fusion protein for cell/nuclear transduction of an eosinophil myelocyte cell line to demonstrate that C/EBPε27 is a potent repressor of MBP1 transcription. We performed structure-function analyses of C/EBPε27 mapping its repressor domains, comparing it to C/EBPε32 and C/EBPε14, using GATA-1 co-transactivation of the MBP1-P2 promoter. Results show C/EBPε27 repression of GATA-1 is mediated by its unique 68aa N-terminus combined with previously identified RDI domain. This repressor activity does not require, but is enhanced by, DNA binding via the basic region of C/EBPε27 but independent of sumoylation of the RDI core "VKEEP" sumoylation site. These findings identify the N-terminus of C/EBPε27 as the minimum repressor domain required for antagonism of GATA-1 in the eosinophil. C/EBPε27 repression of GATA-1 occurs via a combination of both C/EBPε27-GATA-1 protein-protein interaction and C/EBPε27 binding to a C/EBP site in the MBP1 promoter. The C/EBPε27 isoform may serve to titrate and/or turn off eosinophil granule protein genes like MBP1 during eosinophil differentiation, as these genes are ultimately silenced in the mature cell. Understanding the functionality of C/EBPε27 in eosinophil development may prove promising in developing therapeutics that reduce eosinophil proliferation in allergic diseases.
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11
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Schim van der Loeff I, Sprenkeler EGG, Tool ATJ, Abinun M, Grainger A, Engelhardt KR, van Houdt M, Janssen H, Kuijpers TW, Hambleton S. Defective neutrophil development and specific granule deficiency caused by a homozygous splice-site mutation in SMARCD2. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:2381-2385.e2. [PMID: 33279574 PMCID: PMC8168953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SMARCD2 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily D, member 2) has recently been shown to have a critical role in granulopoiesis in humans, mice, and zebrafish. Our patient presented with delayed cord separation, failure to thrive, and sepsis. Retrospective whole-exome sequencing confirmed a homozygous splice-site mutation in SMARCD2. OBJECTIVE We sought to provide the second description of human SMARCD2 deficiency and the first functional analysis of human primary SMARCD2-deficient cells. METHODS Heparinized venous blood and bone marrow were collected from the patient after obtaining informed consent. Patient leukocytes and CD34+ cells were then isolated, phenotyped, and assessed functionally. RESULTS Circulating neutrophils appeared phenotypically immature, lacking multilobed nuclei, and neutrophil granules lacked lactoferrin but showed normal levels of myeloperoxidase. Neutrophil oxidative burst was preserved in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Patient bone marrow-derived neutrophils and white blood cells showed a severely impaired chemotactic response. Furthermore, white blood cells showed defective in vitro killing of Staphylococcus aureus, consistent with a specific granule deficiency. Finally, patient bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells showed markedly impaired in vitro expansion and differentiation toward the neutrophil lineage. Before her molecular diagnosis, our patient underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and is well 8 years later. CONCLUSIONS This report highlights an important role for SMARCD2 in human myelopoiesis and the curative effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the hematopoietic features of SMARCD2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Schim van der Loeff
- Immunity & Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Evelien G G Sprenkeler
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton T J Tool
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Abinun
- Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Grainger
- Immunity & Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Karin R Engelhardt
- Immunity & Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michel van Houdt
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Janssen
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Immunity & Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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12
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Grieshaber-Bouyer R, Radtke FA, Cunin P, Stifano G, Levescot A, Vijaykumar B, Nelson-Maney N, Blaustein RB, Monach PA, Nigrovic PA. The neutrotime transcriptional signature defines a single continuum of neutrophils across biological compartments. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2856. [PMID: 34001893 PMCID: PMC8129206 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are implicated in multiple homeostatic and pathological processes, but whether functional diversity requires discrete neutrophil subsets is not known. Here, we apply single-cell RNA sequencing to neutrophils from normal and inflamed mouse tissues. Whereas conventional clustering yields multiple alternative organizational structures, diffusion mapping plus RNA velocity discloses a single developmental spectrum, ordered chronologically. Termed here neutrotime, this spectrum extends from immature pre-neutrophils, largely in bone marrow, to mature neutrophils predominantly in blood and spleen. The sharpest increments in neutrotime occur during the transitions from pre-neutrophils to immature neutrophils and from mature marrow neutrophils to those in blood. Human neutrophils exhibit a similar transcriptomic pattern. Neutrophils migrating into inflamed mouse lung, peritoneum and joint maintain the core mature neutrotime signature together with new transcriptional activity that varies with site and stimulus. Together, these data identify a single developmental spectrum as the dominant organizational theme of neutrophil heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Grieshaber-Bouyer
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix A Radtke
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre Cunin
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppina Stifano
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anaïs Levescot
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brinda Vijaykumar
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan Nelson-Maney
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel B Blaustein
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul A Monach
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Rheumatology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Tang Y, Tian X, Xu Z, Cai J, Liu H, Liu N, Chen Z, Chen S, Liu F. Induced lineage promiscuity undermines the efficiency of all-trans-retinoid-acid-induced differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia. iScience 2021; 24:102410. [PMID: 33997692 PMCID: PMC8099557 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) can induce terminal differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), also known as the M3 subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, non-APL types of AML respond poorly to ATRA-induced differentiation, and the mechanism underlying cell-type-specific resistance against ATRA remains unclear. Here, we use single-cell transcriptome analysis to compare the differentiation trajectories of two AML cell types during ATRA treatment. We show that in NB4 (APL/AML-M3) cells, ATRA activates canonical myeloid lineage factors—including SPI1, CEBPE, and STAT1—to direct near-normal differentiation toward mature granulocytes. By contrast, in HL60 (AML-M2) cells, ATRA-induced differentiation is incomplete and promiscuous, which is characterized by coinduction of both myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis gene expression programs, as well as transient activation of cis-regulatory elements associated with myeloid differentiation. Our study suggests that the differentiation inducing capacity of ATRA in certain subtypes of AML may be compromised by therapy-induced lineage promiscuity. Single-cell analysis of ATRA-induced differentiation in two AML cell types In AML-M3/APL cells, ATRA induces a near normal trajectory of granulopoiesis In AML-M2 cells, ATRA induces incomplete differentiation and lineage promiscuity ATRA-induced lineage promiscuity involves transient cis-regulatory reprogramming
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Junke Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Han Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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14
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Kang EM. Disease Presentation, Treatment Options, and Outcomes for Myeloid Immunodeficiencies. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:14. [PMID: 33666780 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Up-to-date review on various types of immunodeficiencies with a significant myeloid component including some more recently described congenital disorders. RECENT FINDINGS While a number of disorders have been described in the past, genetic sequencing has led to the identification of the specific disorders and clarified their pathophysiology. Advances in genetic therapies including genetic editing should provide future treatments beyond hematopoietic stem cell transplant for patients with these rare disorders. Neutrophils (or granulocytes) are a major contributor to infection surveillance and clearance, and defective neutrophils characteristically lead to pyogenic infections. Deficiency in numbers, either iatrogenic or congenital; functional defects; and/or inability to target to the sites of infection can all lead to serious morbidity and mortality; however, myeloid-based immunodeficiencies are not all the same. Having absent neutrophils, that is, neutropenia, has implications different to those of having dysfunctional neutrophils as will become evident as the various disorders are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Kang
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 6-3752, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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15
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Yang P, Liu L, Sun L, Fang P, Snyder N, Saredy J, Ji Y, Shen W, Qin X, Wu Q, Yang X, Wang H. Immunological Feature and Transcriptional Signaling of Ly6C Monocyte Subsets From Transcriptome Analysis in Control and Hyperhomocysteinemic Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:632333. [PMID: 33717169 PMCID: PMC7947624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Murine monocytes (MC) are classified into Ly6Chigh and Ly6Clow MC. Ly6Chigh MC is the pro-inflammatory subset and the counterpart of human CD14++CD16+ intermediate MC which contributes to systemic and tissue inflammation in various metabolic disorders, including hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). This study aims to explore molecule signaling mediating MC subset differentiation in HHcy and control mice. Methods RNA-seq was performed in blood Ly6Chigh and Ly6Clow MC sorted by flow cytometry from control and HHcy cystathionine β-synthase gene-deficient (Cbs-/-) mice. Transcriptome data were analyzed by comparing Ly6Chigh vs. Ly6Clow in control mice, Ly6Chigh vs. Ly6Clow in Cbs-/- mice, Cbs-/- Ly6Chigh vs. control Ly6Chigh MC and Cbs-/- Ly6Clow vs. control Ly6Clow MC by using intensive bioinformatic strategies. Significantly differentially expressed (SDE) immunological genes and transcription factor (TF) were selected for functional pathways and transcriptional signaling identification. Results A total of 7,928 SDE genes and 46 canonical pathways derived from it were identified. Ly6Chigh MC exhibited activated neutrophil degranulation, lysosome, cytokine production/receptor interaction and myeloid cell activation pathways, and Ly6Clow MC presented features of lymphocyte immunity pathways in both mice. Twenty-four potential transcriptional regulatory pathways were identified based on SDE TFs matched with their corresponding SDE immunological genes. Ly6Chigh MC presented downregulated co-stimulatory receptors (CD2, GITR, and TIM1) which direct immune cell proliferation, and upregulated co-stimulatory ligands (LIGHT and SEMA4A) which trigger antigen priming and differentiation. Ly6Chigh MC expressed higher levels of macrophage (MΦ) markers, whereas, Ly6Clow MC highly expressed lymphocyte markers in both mice. HHcy in Cbs-/- mice reinforced inflammatory features in Ly6Chigh MC by upregulating inflammatory TFs (Ets1 and Tbx21) and strengthened lymphocytes functional adaptation in Ly6Clow MC by increased expression of CD3, DR3, ICOS, and Fos. Finally, we established 3 groups of transcriptional models to describe Ly6Chigh to Ly6Clow MC subset differentiation, immune checkpoint regulation, Ly6Chigh MC to MΦ subset differentiation and Ly6Clow MC to lymphocyte functional adaptation. Conclusions Ly6Chigh MC displayed enriched inflammatory pathways and favored to be differentiated into MΦ. Ly6Clow MC manifested activated T-cell signaling pathways and potentially can adapt the function of lymphocytes. HHcy reinforced inflammatory feature in Ly6Chigh MC and strengthened lymphocytes functional adaptation in Ly6Clow MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lizhe Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pu Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nathaniel Snyder
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Saredy
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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16
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Turturice BA, Theorell J, Koenig MD, Tussing-Humphreys L, Gold DR, Litonjua AA, Oken E, Rifas-Shiman SL, Perkins DL, Finn PW. Perinatal granulopoiesis and risk of pediatric asthma. eLife 2021; 10:63745. [PMID: 33565964 PMCID: PMC7889076 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are perinatal characteristics, such as gestational age, reproducibly associated with the risk for pediatric asthma. Identification of biologic processes influenced by these characteristics could facilitate risk stratification or new therapeutic targets. We hypothesized that transcriptional changes associated with multiple epidemiologic risk factors would be mediators of pediatric asthma risk. Using publicly available transcriptomic data from cord blood mononuclear cells, transcription of genes involved in myeloid differentiation was observed to be inversely associated with a pediatric asthma risk stratification based on multiple perinatal risk factors. This gene signature was validated in an independent prospective cohort and was specifically associated with genes localizing to neutrophil-specific granules. Further validation demonstrated that umbilical cord blood serum concentration of PGLYRP-1, a specific granule protein, was inversely associated with mid-childhood current asthma and early-teen FEV1/FVCx100. Thus, neutrophil-specific granule abundance at birth predicts risk for pediatric asthma and pulmonary function in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Turturice
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois, Chicago, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois, Chicago, United States
| | - Juliana Theorell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois, Chicago, United States
| | - Mary Dawn Koenig
- Department of Women, Children and Family Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois, Chicago, United States
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois, Chicago, United States
| | - Diane R Gold
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Life Course, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Life Course, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, United States
| | - David L Perkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Illinois, Chicago, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, United States
| | - Patricia W Finn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois, Chicago, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois, Chicago, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, United States
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17
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Digre A, Lindskog C. The Human Protein Atlas-Spatial localization of the human proteome in health and disease. Protein Sci 2021; 30:218-233. [PMID: 33146890 PMCID: PMC7737765 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For a complete understanding of a system's processes and each protein's role in health and disease, it is essential to study protein expression with a spatial resolution, as the exact location of proteins at tissue, cellular, or subcellular levels is tightly linked to protein function. The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project is a large-scale initiative aiming at mapping the entire human proteome using antibody-based proteomics and integration of various other omics technologies. The publicly available knowledge resource www.proteinatlas.org is one of the world's most visited biological databases and has been extensively updated during the last few years. The current version is divided into six main sections, each focusing on particular aspects of the human proteome: (a) the Tissue Atlas showing the distribution of proteins across all major tissues and organs in the human body; (b) the Cell Atlas showing the subcellular localization of proteins in single cells; (c) the Pathology Atlas showing the impact of protein levels on survival of patients with cancer; (d) the Blood Atlas showing the expression profiles of blood cells and actively secreted proteins; (e) the Brain Atlas showing the distribution of proteins in human, mouse, and pig brain; and (f) the Metabolic Atlas showing the involvement of proteins in human metabolism. The HPA constitutes an important resource for further understanding of human biology, and the publicly available datasets hold much promise for integration with other emerging efforts focusing on single cell analyses, both at transcriptomic and proteomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Digre
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyRudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyRudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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18
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Novel Frameshift Autosomal Recessive Loss-of-Function Mutation in SMARCD2 Encoding a Chromatin Remodeling Factor Mediates Granulopoiesis. J Clin Immunol 2020; 41:59-65. [PMID: 33025377 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, a new form of congenital neutropenia that is caused by germline biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the SMARCD2 gene was described in four patients. Given the rarity of the condition, the clinical spectrum of the disease has remained elusive. We here report a new patient with a novel frameshift mutation and compare our patient with the previously reported SMARCD2-mutant patients, aiming to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the natural course of the disease. METHODS Clinical and laboratory findings of all reported patients were reviewed. Next-generation sequencing was performed to identify the causative genetic defect. Data on the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation including stem cell sources, conditioning regimen, engraftment, graft-versus-host disease, and infections were also collected. RESULTS An 11-year-old female patient had a variety of infections including sepsis, deep tissue abscesses, otitis, pneumonia, gingivitis, and diarrhea since infancy. A novel homozygous mutation in SMARCD2 (c.93delG, p.Ala32Argfs*80) was detected. Bone marrow examination showed hypocellularity and decreased neutrophils with diminished granules and myeloid dysplasia, but no blast excess as in previously reported patients. The neutropenia was non-responsive even to higher doses of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF); therefore, the patient was transplanted at 10 years of age from a HLA-A allele-mismatched unrelated donor using a reduced toxicity conditioning regimen and recovered successfully. Compared with the previous four cases, our patient showed longer survival before transplantation without blastic transformation. CONCLUSION Distinctive myeloid features and long-term follow-up including therapy options are presented for the newly described case of SMARCD2 deficiency. This disorder is apparent at infancy and requires early transplantation due to the unrelenting disease course despite conventional therapy.
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19
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Lehman HK, Segal BH. The role of neutrophils in host defense and disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1535-1544. [PMID: 32283205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocyte, are critical for host defense. Granulopoiesis is under the control of transcriptional factors and culminates in mature neutrophils with a broad armamentarium of antimicrobial pathways. These pathways include nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, which generates microbicidal reactive oxidants, and nonoxidant pathways that target microbes through several mechanisms. Activated neutrophils can cause or worsen tissue injury, underscoring the need for calibration of activation and resolution of inflammation when infection has been cleared. Acquired neutrophil disorders are typically caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy or immunosuppressive agents. Primary neutrophil disorders typically result from disabling mutations of individual genes that result in impaired neutrophil number or function, and provide insight into basic mechanisms of neutrophil biology. Neutrophils can also be activated by noninfectious causes, including trauma and cellular injury, and can have off-target effects in which pathways that typically defend against infection exacerbate injury and disease. These off-target effects include acute organ injury, autoimmunity, and variable effects on the tumor microenvironment that can limit or worsen tumor progression. A greater understanding of neutrophil plasticity in these conditions is likely to pave the way to new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Lehman
- Division of Allergy/Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Brahm H Segal
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
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20
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Leszcynska M, Patel B, Morrow M, Chamizo W, Tuite G, Berman DM, Potthast K, Hsu AP, Holland SM, Leiding JW. Brain Abscess as Severe Presentation of Specific Granule Deficiency. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:117. [PMID: 32391290 PMCID: PMC7188777 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe invasive infections such as brain abscess in a child should prompt an immune evaluation. Specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare morphologic neutrophil granular defect characterized by reduced granules within neutrophils, absence of granule proteins, and bilobed nuclei. Patients are susceptible to invasive bacterial infections and Candida infections. Mutations in CCAT/enhancer binding protein epsilon (C/EBP-ε) are the most commonly described cause of SGD. The dihydrorhodamine assay is a quantitative and qualitative functional test that determines the oxidative burst and killing potential of neutrophils. Herein, we describe two brothers with specific granule deficiency. The index patient had a history of cellulitis twice in the first year of life and then presented at 13 months age with fever, leukocytosis, and right sided weakness. A large space occupying brain abscess was diagnosed. He underwent surgical drainage and cultures yielded Staphylococcus aureus. This infection prompted his diagnosis. His older brother had also been healthy but too had had several episodes of cellulitis. His brother too was diagnosed with SGD when family genetic screening was performed. Evaluation of the index patient included a peripheral smear that showed absent neutrophil granule presence. Forward and side scatter of whole blood via flow cytometry revealed a loss of granularity of neutrophils. A DHR was performed to rule out functional killing defects. After stimulation with PMA, neutrophils from the index patient displayed three distinct patterns, two with abnormal oxidase production, and two with reduced function. Both patients were ultimately diagnosed with SGD and remain on lifelong anti-bacterial prophylaxis. Diagnosis of SGD relies on establishing reduced or absent granularity within neutrophils. Lifelong anti-bacterial and anti-fungal prophylaxis is indicated. Hematopoietic cell transplantation has also been curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Leszcynska
- Pediatric Residency Training Program, Johns Hopkins-All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Bhumika Patel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Matthew Morrow
- Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Wil Chamizo
- Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Gerald Tuite
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - David M Berman
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Kevin Potthast
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Amy P Hsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer W Leiding
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
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21
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Abstract
Primary disorders of neutrophil function result from impairment in neutrophil responses that are critical for host defense. This chapter summarizes inherited disorders of neutrophils that cause defects in neutrophil adhesion, migration, and oxidative killing. These include the leukocyte adhesion deficiencies, actin defects and other disorders of chemotaxis, hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome, neutrophil specific granule deficiency, chronic granulomatous disease, and myeloperoxidase deficiency. Diagnostic tests and treatment approaches are also summarized for each neutrophil disorder.
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22
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Muraoka M, Akagi T, Ueda A, Wada T, Koeffler HP, Yokota T, Yachie A. C/EBPε ΔRS derived from a neutrophil-specific granule deficiency patient interacts with HDAC1 and its dysfunction is restored by trichostatin A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:293-299. [PMID: 31256937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein epsilon (C/EBPε), a myeloid-specific transcription factor, plays an important role in granulopoiesis. A loss-of-function mutation in this protein can result in an abnormal development of neutrophils and eosinophils, known as neutrophil-specific granule deficiency (SGD). The transcriptional activity of C/EBPε is regulated by interactions with other transcription factors and/or post-translational modification, including acetylation. Previously, we reported a novel SGD patient who had a homozygous mutation for two amino acids, arginine (R247) and serine (S248), which were deleted in the basic leucine zipper domain of C/EBPε (ΔRS) and exhibited loss of transcriptional activity with aberrant protein-protein interactions. In the present study, we found that a single amino acid deletion of either R247 (ΔR) or S248 (ΔS) was sufficient for the loss of C/EBPε transcriptional activity, while an amino acid substitution at S248 to alanine in C/EBPε (SA) had comparable transcriptional activity with the wild-type C/EBPε (WT). Although acetylation at lysine residues (K121 and K198) is indispensable for C/EBPε transcriptional activity, an acetylation mimic form of ΔRS (ΔRS-K121/198Q) did not exhibit the transcriptional activity. Interestingly, we discovered that ΔRS, ΔR, ΔS, and ΔRS-K121/198Q interacted with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), whereas WT and SA did not. Furthermore, the proteoglycan 2/eosinophil major basic protein induction activity of ΔRS, ΔR, and ΔS could be restored by the HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), and protein-protein interactions between ΔRS and Gata1 could also be recovered by TSA treatment. Taken together, our results show that TSA has the potential to restore the transcriptional activity of ΔRS, indicating that the inhibition of HDAC1 could be a molecularly targeted treatment for SGD with ΔRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Muraoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Akagi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Ueda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Taizo Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Takashi Yokota
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yachie
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
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23
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Rungelrath V, Kobayashi SD, DeLeo FR. Neutrophils in innate immunity and systems biology-level approaches. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 12:e1458. [PMID: 31218817 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of host defense against invading microorganisms. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs or neutrophils) are the most abundant leukocyte in humans and essential to the innate immune response against invading pathogens. Compared to the acquired immune response, which requires time to develop and is dependent on previous interaction with specific microbes, the ability of neutrophils to kill microorganisms is immediate, nonspecific, and not dependent on previous exposure to microorganisms. Historically, studies of PMN-pathogen interaction focused on the events leading to killing of microorganisms, such as recruitment/chemotaxis, transmigration, phagocytosis, and activation, whereas postphagocytosis sequelae were infrequently considered. In addition, it was widely accepted that human neutrophils possessed limited capacity for new gene transcription and thus, relatively little biosynthetic capacity. This notion has changed dramatically within the past 20 years. Further, there is now more effort directed to understand the events occurring in PMNs after killing of microbes. Herein, we give an updated review of the systems biology-level approaches that have been used to gain an enhanced view of the role of neutrophils during host-pathogen interaction and neutrophil-mediated diseases. We anticipate that these and future systems-level studies will continue to provide information important for understanding, treatment, and control of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Organismal Responses to Environment Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Biological Mechanisms > Cell Fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Rungelrath
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Scott D Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Frank R DeLeo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
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24
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Trib1 regulates eosinophil lineage commitment and identity by restraining the neutrophil program. Blood 2019; 133:2413-2426. [PMID: 30917956 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018872218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils and neutrophils are critical for host defense, yet gaps in understanding how granulocytes differentiate from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into mature effectors remain. The pseudokinase tribbles homolog 1 (Trib1) is an important regulator of granulocytes; knockout mice lack eosinophils and have increased neutrophils. However, how Trib1 regulates cellular identity and function during eosinophilopoiesis is not understood. Trib1 expression markedly increases with eosinophil-lineage commitment in eosinophil progenitors (EoPs), downstream of the granulocyte/macrophage progenitor (GMP). Using hematopoietic- and eosinophil-lineage-specific Trib1 deletion, we found that Trib1 regulates both granulocyte precursor lineage commitment and mature eosinophil identity. Conditional Trib1 deletion in HSCs reduced the size of the EoP pool and increased neutrophils, whereas deletion following eosinophil lineage commitment blunted the decrease in EoPs without increasing neutrophils. In both modes of deletion, Trib1-deficient mice expanded a stable population of Ly6G+ eosinophils with neutrophilic characteristics and functions, and had increased CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) p42. Using an ex vivo differentiation assay, we found that interleukin 5 (IL-5) supports the generation of Ly6G+ eosinophils from Trib1-deficient cells, but is not sufficient to restore normal eosinophil differentiation and development. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Trib1 loss blunted eosinophil migration and altered chemokine receptor expression, both in vivo and ex vivo. Finally, we showed that Trib1 controls eosinophil identity by modulating C/EBPα. Together, our findings provide new insights into early events in myelopoiesis, whereby Trib1 functions at 2 distinct stages to guide eosinophil lineage commitment from the GMP and suppress the neutrophil program, promoting eosinophil terminal identity and maintaining lineage fidelity.
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25
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Serwas NK, Huemer J, Dieckmann R, Mejstrikova E, Garncarz W, Litzman J, Hoeger B, Zapletal O, Janda A, Bennett KL, Kain R, Kerjaschky D, Boztug K. CEBPE-Mutant Specific Granule Deficiency Correlates With Aberrant Granule Organization and Substantial Proteome Alterations in Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2018; 9:588. [PMID: 29651288 PMCID: PMC5884887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal neutrophils evidenced by reduced granules, absence of granule proteins, and atypical bilobed nuclei. Mutations in CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-ε (CEBPE) are one molecular etiology of the disease. Although C/EBPε has been studied extensively, the impact of CEBPE mutations on neutrophil biology remains elusive. Here, we identified two SGD patients bearing a previously described heterozygous mutation (p.Val218Ala) in CEBPE. We took this rare opportunity to characterize SGD neutrophils in terms of granule distribution and protein content. Granules of patient neutrophils were clustered and polarized, suggesting that not only absence of specific granules but also defects affecting other granules contribute to the phenotype. Our analysis showed that remaining granules displayed mixed protein content and lacked several glycoepitopes. To further elucidate the impact of mutant CEBPE, we performed detailed proteomic analysis of SGD neutrophils. Beside an absence of several granule proteins in patient cells, we observed increased expression of members of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex (nesprin-2, vimentin, and lamin-B2), which control nuclear shape. This suggests that absence of these proteins in healthy individuals might be responsible for segmented shapes of neutrophilic nuclei. We further show that the heterozygous mutation p.Val218Ala in CEBPE causes SGD through prevention of nuclear localization of the protein product. In conclusion, we uncover that absence of nuclear C/EBPε impacts on spatiotemporal expression and subsequent distribution of several granule proteins and further on expression of proteins controlling nuclear shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina K Serwas
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Huemer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Régis Dieckmann
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ester Mejstrikova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Wojciech Garncarz
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiri Litzman
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Birgit Hoeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ondrej Zapletal
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ales Janda
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Kain
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dontscho Kerjaschky
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Kinderspital and Children's Cancer Research Institute, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Armed for destruction: formation, function and trafficking of neutrophil granules. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:455-471. [PMID: 29185068 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils respond nearly instantly to infection, rapidly deploying a potent enzymatic and chemical arsenal immediately upon entering an infected site. This capacity for rapid and potent responses is endowed by stores of antimicrobial proteins contained in readily mobilizable granules. These granules contain the proteins necessary to mediate the recruitment, chemotaxis, antimicrobial function and NET formation of neutrophils. Four granule types exist, and are sequentially deployed as neutrophils enter infected sites. Secretory vesicles are released first, enabling recruitment of neutrophils out of the blood. Next, specific and gelatinase granules are released to enable neutrophil migration and begin the formation of an antimicrobial environment. Finally, azurophilic granules release potent antimicrobial proteins at the site of infection and into phagosomes. The step-wise mobilization of these granules is regulated by calcium signaling, while specific trafficking regulators and membrane fusion complexes ensure the delivery of granules to the correct subcellular site. In this review, we describe neutrophil granules from their formation through to their deployment at the site of infection, focusing on recent developments in our understanding of the signaling pathways and vesicular trafficking mechanisms which mediate neutrophil degranulation.
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27
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Leiding JW. Neutrophil Evolution and Their Diseases in Humans. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1009. [PMID: 28894446 PMCID: PMC5581313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocytes have been preserved and have evolved across species, developing into cells that provide one of the first lines of host defense against pathogens. In humans, neutrophils are involved in early recognition and killing of infectious pathogens. Disruption in neutrophil production, emigration, chemotaxis, and function cause a spectrum of primary immune defects characterized by host susceptibility to invasive infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Leiding
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
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28
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Monticelli S, Natoli G. Transcriptional determination and functional specificity of myeloid cells: making sense of diversity. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:595-607. [DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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29
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30
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Witzel M, Petersheim D, Fan Y, Bahrami E, Racek T, Rohlfs M, Puchałka J, Mertes C, Gagneur J, Ziegenhain C, Enard W, Stray-Pedersen A, Arkwright PD, Abboud MR, Pazhakh V, Lieschke GJ, Krawitz PM, Dahlhoff M, Schneider MR, Wolf E, Horny HP, Schmidt H, Schäffer AA, Klein C. Chromatin-remodeling factor SMARCD2 regulates transcriptional networks controlling differentiation of neutrophil granulocytes. Nat Genet 2017; 49:742-752. [PMID: 28369036 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We identify SMARCD2 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily D, member 2), also known as BAF60b (BRG1/Brahma-associated factor 60b), as a critical regulator of myeloid differentiation in humans, mice, and zebrafish. Studying patients from three unrelated pedigrees characterized by neutropenia, specific granule deficiency, myelodysplasia with excess of blast cells, and various developmental aberrations, we identified three homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SMARCD2. Using mice and zebrafish as model systems, we showed that SMARCD2 controls early steps in the differentiation of myeloid-erythroid progenitor cells. In vitro, SMARCD2 interacts with the transcription factor CEBPɛ and controls expression of neutrophil proteins stored in specific granules. Defective expression of SMARCD2 leads to transcriptional and chromatin changes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) human promyelocytic cells. In summary, SMARCD2 is a key factor controlling myelopoiesis and is a potential tumor suppressor in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Witzel
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Petersheim
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yanxin Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ehsan Bahrami
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tomas Racek
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Meino Rohlfs
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacek Puchałka
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Mertes
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julien Gagneur
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Ziegenhain
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Department of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Department of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Peter D Arkwright
- Department of Paediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Manchester, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Miguel R Abboud
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Vahid Pazhakh
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham J Lieschke
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter M Krawitz
- Medical Genetics and Human Genetic, Charite University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Pathology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Heinrich Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alejandro A Schäffer
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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31
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A late-lineage murine neutrophil precursor population exhibits dynamic changes during demand-adapted granulopoiesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39804. [PMID: 28059162 PMCID: PMC5216372 DOI: 10.1038/srep39804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of neutrophils—the blood cells that respond first to infection and tissue injury—is critical for the regulation of immune responses and regulated through granulopoiesis, a multi-stage process by which neutrophils differentiate from hematopoietic stem cells. Granulopoiesis is a highly dynamic process and altered in certain clinical conditions, such as pathologic and iatrogenic neutropenia, described as demand-adapted granulopoiesis. The regulation of granulopoiesis under stress is not completely understood because studies of granulopoiesis dynamics have been hampered by technical limitations in defining neutrophil precursors. Here, we define a population of neutrophil precursor cells in the bone marrow with unprecedented purity, characterized by the lineage−CD11b+Ly6GloLy6BintCD115−, which we call NeuPs (Neutrophil Precursors). We demonstrated that NeuPs differentiate into mature and functional neutrophils both in vitro and in vivo. By analyzing the gene expression profiles of NeuPs, we also identified NeuP stage-specific genes and characterized patterns of gene regulation throughout granulopoiesis. Importantly, we found that NeuPs have the potential to proliferate, but the proliferation decreased in multiple different hematopoietic stress settings, indicating that proliferating NeuPs are poised at a critical step to regulate granulopoiesis. Our findings will facilitate understanding how the hematopoietic system maintains homeostasis and copes with the demands of granulopoiesis.
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32
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c-Myb acts in parallel and cooperatively with Cebp1 to regulate neutrophil maturation in zebrafish. Blood 2016; 128:415-26. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-12-686147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
c-Myb is essential for neutrophil terminal differentiation by targeting granule gene expression. c-Myb and Cebp1 act cooperatively to regulate neutrophil maturation in zebrafish.
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33
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Madan V, Shyamsunder P, Han L, Mayakonda A, Nagata Y, Sundaresan J, Kanojia D, Yoshida K, Ganesan S, Hattori N, Fulton N, Tan KT, Alpermann T, Kuo MC, Rostami S, Matthews J, Sanada M, Liu LZ, Shiraishi Y, Miyano S, Chendamarai E, Hou HA, Malnassy G, Ma T, Garg M, Ding LW, Sun QY, Chien W, Ikezoe T, Lill M, Biondi A, Larson RA, Powell BL, Lübbert M, Chng WJ, Tien HF, Heuser M, Ganser A, Koren-Michowitz M, Kornblau SM, Kantarjian HM, Nowak D, Hofmann WK, Yang H, Stock W, Ghavamzadeh A, Alimoghaddam K, Haferlach T, Ogawa S, Shih LY, Mathews V, Koeffler HP. Comprehensive mutational analysis of primary and relapse acute promyelocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 30:1672-81. [PMID: 27063598 PMCID: PMC4972641 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of myeloid leukemia characterized by differentiation block at the promyelocyte stage. Besides the presence of chromosomal rearrangement t(15;17), leading to the formation of PML-RARA (promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha) fusion, other genetic alterations have also been implicated in APL. Here, we performed comprehensive mutational analysis of primary and relapse APL to identify somatic alterations, which cooperate with PML-RARA in the pathogenesis of APL. We explored the mutational landscape using whole-exome (n=12) and subsequent targeted sequencing of 398 genes in 153 primary and 69 relapse APL. Both primary and relapse APL harbored an average of eight non-silent somatic mutations per exome. We observed recurrent alterations of FLT3, WT1, NRAS and KRAS in the newly diagnosed APL, whereas mutations in other genes commonly mutated in myeloid leukemia were rarely detected. The molecular signature of APL relapse was characterized by emergence of frequent mutations in PML and RARA genes. Our sequencing data also demonstrates incidence of loss-of-function mutations in previously unidentified genes, ARID1B and ARID1A, both of which encode for key components of the SWI/SNF complex. We show that knockdown of ARID1B in APL cell line, NB4, results in large-scale activation of gene expression and reduced in vitro differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Madan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P Shyamsunder
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L Han
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Mayakonda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y Nagata
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - J Sundaresan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D Kanojia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Ganesan
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - N Hattori
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - N Fulton
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K-T Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Alpermann
- Munich Leukemia Laboratory (MLL), Munich, Germany
| | - M-C Kuo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - S Rostami
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J Matthews
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Sanada
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - L-Z Liu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y Shiraishi
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Chendamarai
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - H-A Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Medical College and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - G Malnassy
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T Ma
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Garg
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L-W Ding
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Q-Y Sun
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W Chien
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Ikezoe
- Department of Hematology and Respiratory Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - M Lill
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Biondi
- Paediatric Haematology-Oncology Department and 'Tettamanti' Research Centre, Milano-Bicocca University, 'Fondazione MBBM', San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - R A Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B L Powell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - M Lübbert
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - W J Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - H-F Tien
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Medical College and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Koren-Michowitz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - S M Kornblau
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H M Kantarjian
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - W-K Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - H Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W Stock
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Ghavamzadeh
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Alimoghaddam
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - T Haferlach
- Munich Leukemia Laboratory (MLL), Munich, Germany
| | - S Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - L-Y Shih
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - V Mathews
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - H P Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
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Bartels M, Murphy K, Rieter E, Bruin M. Understanding chronic neutropenia: life is short. Br J Haematol 2015; 172:157-69. [PMID: 26456767 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying chronic neutropenia are extensive, varying from haematopoietic stem cell disorders resulting in defective neutrophil production, to accelerated apoptosis of neutrophil progenitors or circulating mature neutrophils. While the knowledge concerning genetic defects associated with congenital neutropenia or bone marrow failure is increasing rapidly, the functional role and consequences of these genetic alterations is often not well understood. In addition, there is a large group of diseases, including primary immunodeficiencies and metabolic diseases, in which chronic neutropenia is one of the symptoms, while there is no clear bone marrow pathology or haematopoietic stem cell dysfunction. Altogether, these disease entities illustrate the complexity of normal neutrophil development, the functional role of the (bone marrow) microenvironment and the increased propensity to undergo apoptosis, which is typical for neutrophils. The large variety of disorders associated with chronic neutropenia makes classification almost impossible and possibly not desirable, based on the clinical phenotypes. However, a better understanding of the regulation of normal myeloid differentiation and neutrophil development is of great importance in the diagnostic evaluation of unexplained chronic neutropenia. In this review we propose insights in the pathophysiology of chronic neutropenia in the context of the functional role of key players during normal neutrophil development, neutrophil release and neutrophil survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Bartels
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kate Murphy
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ester Rieter
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marrie Bruin
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Wada T, Akagi T, Muraoka M, Toma T, Kaji K, Agematsu K, Koeffler HP, Yokota T, Yachie A. A Novel In-Frame Deletion in the Leucine Zipper Domain of C/EBPε Leads to Neutrophil-Specific Granule Deficiency. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:80-6. [PMID: 26019275 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by neutrophil dysfunction, bilobed neutrophil nuclei and lack of neutrophil-specific granules. Defects in a myeloid-specific transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-ε (C/EBPε), have been identified in two cases in which homozygous frameshift mutations led to loss of the leucine zipper domain. In this study, we report a 55-y-old woman affected with SGD caused by a novel homozygous 2-aa deletion (ΔRS) in the leucine zipper domain of the C/EBPε gene. The patient showed characteristic neutrophil abnormalities and recurrent skin infections; however, there was no history of deep organ infections. Biochemical analysis revealed that, in contrast to the two frameshift mutations, the ΔRS mutant maintained normal cellular localization, DNA-binding activity, and dimerization, and all three mutants exhibited marked reduction in transcriptional activity. The ΔRS mutant was defective in its association with Gata1 and PU.1, as well as aberrant cooperative transcriptional activation of eosinophil major basic protein. Thus, the ΔRS likely impairs protein-protein interaction with other transcription factors, resulting in a loss of transcriptional activation. These results further support the importance of the leucine zipper domain of C/EBPε for its essential function, and indicate that multiple molecular mechanisms lead to SGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizo Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan;
| | - Tadayuki Akagi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Masahiro Muraoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toma
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kenzo Kaji
- Department of Dermatology, Komatsu Municipal Hospital, Komatsu 923-0961, Japan
| | - Kazunaga Agematsu
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Takashi Yokota
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yachie
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
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Friedman AD. C/EBPα in normal and malignant myelopoiesis. Int J Hematol 2015; 101:330-41. [PMID: 25753223 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-015-1764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) dimerizes via its leucine zipper (LZ) domain to bind DNA via its basic region and activate transcription via N-terminal trans-activation domains. The activity of C/EBPα is modulated by several serine/threonine kinases and via sumoylation, its gene is activated by RUNX1 and additional transcription factors, its mRNA stability is modified by miRNAs, and its mRNA is subject to translation control that affects AUG selection. In addition to inducing differentiation, C/EBPα inhibits cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Within hematopoiesis, C/EBPα levels increase as long-term stem cells progress to granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMP). Absence of C/EBPα prevents GMP formation, and higher levels are required for granulopoiesis compared to monopoiesis. C/EBPα interacts with AP-1 proteins to bind hybrid DNA elements during monopoiesis, and induction of Gfi-1, C/EBPε, KLF5, and miR-223 by C/EBPα enables granulopoiesis. The CEBPA ORF is mutated in approximately 10 % of acute myeloid leukemias (AML), leading to expression of N-terminally truncated C/EBPαp30 and C-terminal, in-frame C/EBPαLZ variants, which inhibit C/EBPα activities but also play additional roles during myeloid transformation. RUNX1 mutation, CEBPA promoter methylation, Trib1 or Trib2-mediated C/EBPαp42 degradation, and signaling pathways leading to C/EBPα serine 21 phosphorylation reduce C/EBPα expression or activity in additional AML cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Cancer Research Building I, Room 253, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA,
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37
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Schönheit J, Leutz A, Rosenbauer F. Chromatin Dynamics during Differentiation of Myeloid Cells. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:670-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
C/EBPε, a member of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors, is exclusively expressed in myeloid cells and regulates transition from the promyelocytic stage to the myelocytic stage of neutrophil development, being indispensable for secondary and tertiary granule formation. Knowledge concerning the functional role of C/EBPε posttranslational modifications is limited to studies concerning phosphorylation and sumoylation. In the current study, using ectopic expression and ex vivo differentiation of CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells, we demonstrate that C/EBPε is acetylated, which was confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis, identifying 4 acetylated lysines in 3 distinct functional domains. Regulation of C/EBPε acetylation levels by the p300 acetyltransferase and the sirtuin 1 deacetylase controls transcriptional activity, which can at least in part be explained by modulation of DNA binding. During neutrophil development, acetylation of lysines 121 and 198 were found to be crucial for terminal neutrophil differentiation and the expression of neutrophil-specific granule proteins, including lactoferrin and collagenase. Taken together, our data illustrate a critical role for acetylation in the functional regulation of C/EBPε activity during terminal neutrophil development.
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Casanova JL, Conley ME, Seligman SJ, Abel L, Notarangelo LD. Guidelines for genetic studies in single patients: lessons from primary immunodeficiencies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2137-49. [PMID: 25311508 PMCID: PMC4203950 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Casanova and colleagues discuss the importance of single-patient genetic studies in the discovery of novel primary immunodeficiencies and offer insight into the standards and criteria that should accompany these studies. Can genetic and clinical findings made in a single patient be considered sufficient to establish a causal relationship between genotype and phenotype? We report that up to 49 of the 232 monogenic etiologies (21%) of human primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) were initially reported in single patients. The ability to incriminate single-gene inborn errors in immunodeficient patients results from the relative ease in validating the disease-causing role of the genotype by in-depth mechanistic studies demonstrating the structural and functional consequences of the mutations using blood samples. The candidate genotype can be causally connected to a clinical phenotype using cellular (leukocytes) or molecular (plasma) substrates. The recent advent of next generation sequencing (NGS), with whole exome and whole genome sequencing, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, and gene editing technologies—including in particular the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology—offer new and exciting possibilities for the genetic exploration of single patients not only in hematology and immunology but also in other fields. We propose three criteria for deciding if the clinical and experimental data suffice to establish a causal relationship based on only one case. The patient’s candidate genotype must not occur in individuals without the clinical phenotype. Experimental studies must indicate that the genetic variant impairs, destroys, or alters the expression or function of the gene product (or two genetic variants for compound heterozygosity). The causal relationship between the candidate genotype and the clinical phenotype must be confirmed via a relevant cellular phenotype, or by default via a relevant animal phenotype. When supported by satisfaction of rigorous criteria, the report of single patient–based discovery of Mendelian disorders should be encouraged, as it can provide the first step in the understanding of a group of human diseases, thereby revealing crucial pathways underlying physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mary Ellen Conley
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Stephen J Seligman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Shigemura T, Yamazaki T, Shiohara M, Kobayashi N, Naganuma K, Koike K, Agematsu K. Clinical course in a patient with neutrophil-specific granule deficiency and rapid detection of neutrophil granules as a screening test. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34:780-3. [PMID: 25081842 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare, congenital disorder characterized by atypical neutrophil structure and function that results in frequent and severe bacterial infections. However, the clinical course of patients with SGD have not been described in detail because of the scarcity of the disease. We present the clinical course of an adult patient with SGD and propose a method for making an early diagnosis of SGD. PATIENT AND METHODS A32-year-old Japanese woman with SGD had a small impetigo lesion on her face and experienced the rapid spread of a facial abscess to a pulmonary abscess via the blood stream. We also analyzed the expression of neutrophil granule proteins in our patient compared with a healthy control by flow cytometry. RESULTS We confirmed defects of several neutrophil granule proteins in our patient by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION Severe bacterial infections sometimes occur and spread rapidly in SGD. Detection of neutrophil granules by flow cytometry is useful for a rapid diagnosis and a screening of SGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Shigemura
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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Human α-defensin expression is not dependent on CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-ε in a murine model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92471. [PMID: 24658030 PMCID: PMC3962403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by recurrent infections. The disease is caused by inactivating mutations of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-ε (C/EBP-ε) gene. As a consequence, specific and gelatinase granules lack most matrix proteins. Furthermore, azurophil granules contain diminished amounts of their most abundant proteins, α-defensins, also known as human neutrophil peptides (HNPs). In accordance with this, in vitro models have demonstrated induction of HNPs by C/EBP-ε. Since mice do not express myeloid defensins, they cannot per se be used to characterize the role of C/EBP-ε in controlling HNP expression in vivo. We therefore crossed a transgenic HNP-1-expressing mouse with the Cebpe-/- mouse to study the in vivo significance of C/EBP-ε for HNP-1 transcription and expression. Surprisingly, neither expression nor processing of HNP-1 was affected by lack of C/EBP-ε in these mice. Transduction of C/EBP-ε into primary bone marrow cells from HNP-1 mice induced some HNP-1 expression, but not to levels comparable to expression human cells. Taken together, our data infer that the HNP-1 of the transgenic mouse does not show an expression pattern equivalent to endogenous secondary granule proteins. This limits the use of these transgenic mice as a model for human conditions.
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Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-ε (C/EBP-ε) is considered a master transcription factor regulating terminal neutrophil maturation. It is essential for expression of secondary granule proteins, but it also regulates proliferation, cell cycle, and maturation during granulopoiesis. Cebpe(-/-) mice have incomplete granulocytic differentiation and increased sensitivity toward bacterial infections. The amount of C/EBP-ε messenger RNA (mRNA) increases with maturation from myeloblasts with peak level in myelocytes (MC)/metamyelocytes (MM), when the cells stop proliferating followed by a decline in more mature cells. In contrast, C/EBP-ε protein is virtually detectable only in the MC/MM population, indicating that expression in more immature cells could be inhibited by microRNAs (miRNAs). We found that miRNA-130a (miR-130a) regulates C/EBP-ε protein expression in both murine and human granulocytic precursors. Overexpression of miR-130a in a murine cell line downregulated C/EBP-ε protein and lactoferrin (Ltf), cathelicidin antimicrobial protein (Camp), and lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) mRNA expression giving rise to cells with a more immature phenotype, as seen in the Cebpe(-/-) mouse. Introduction of a C/EBP-ε mRNA without target site for miR-130a restored both C/EBP-ε production, expression of Camp and Lcn2, and resulted in the cells having a more mature phenotype. We conclude that miR-130a is important for the regulation of the timed expression of C/EBP-ε during granulopoiesis.
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Abstract
Primary disorders of neutrophil function result from impairment in neutrophil responses that are critical for host defense. This chapter summarizes inherited disorders of neutrophils that cause defects in neutrophil adhesion, migration, and oxidative killing. These include the leukocyte adhesion deficiencies, actin defects, and other disorders of chemotaxis, hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, neutrophil-specific granule deficiency, chronic granulomatous disease, and myeloperoxidase deficiency. Diagnostic tests and treatment approaches are also summarized for each neutrophil disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Dinauer
- Departments of Pediatrics (Hematology/Oncology) and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Wang Y, Chen J, Li J, Deng J, Rui Y, Lu Q, Wang M, Tong N, Zhang Z, Fang Y. Association of three polymorphisms in ARID5B, IKZF1 and CEBPE with the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a Chinese population. Gene 2013; 524:203-7. [PMID: 23608171 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that focus on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common malignancy in children younger than 15 years old, have found evidence that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IKZF1 (7p12.2), ARID5B (10q21.2) and CEBPE (14q11.2) are strongly related to the risk of childhood ALL. These polymorphisms may lead to abnormal expression and dysfunction of the corresponding transcription factors and are likely to increase the risk of ALL. To validate the relationship between these SNPs and the risk of childhood ALL in Chinese population, we conducted a case-control study of 570 ALL cases and 673 controls. We determined that the SNP rs10821936 in ARID5B was statistically significantly associated with the risk of childhood ALL (P<0.0001). The results were also significant for the subgroup analysis of high-risk, medium-risk and low-risk ALL as well as B-lineage ALL. Statistically significant differences were not found in the SNPs for IKZF1 and CEBPE. In conclusion, ARID5B rs10821936 could serve as a potential biomarker for assessing the risk of childhood ALL in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Clancy N, Onwuneme C, Carroll A, McCarthy R, McKenna MJ, Murphy N, Molloy EJ. Vitamin D and neonatal immune function. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 26:639-46. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.746304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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46
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Alberich-Jordà M, Wouters B, Balastik M, Shapiro-Koss C, Zhang H, Di Ruscio A, DiRuscio A, Radomska HS, Ebralidze AK, Amabile G, Ye M, Zhang J, Lowers I, Avellino R, Melnick A, Figueroa ME, Valk PJM, Delwel R, Tenen DG. C/EBPγ deregulation results in differentiation arrest in acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:4490-504. [PMID: 23160200 DOI: 10.1172/jci65102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
C/EBPs are a family of transcription factors that regulate growth control and differentiation of various tissues. We found that C/EBPγ is highly upregulated in a subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples characterized by C/EBPα hypermethylation/silencing. Similarly, C/EBPγ was upregulated in murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells lacking C/EBPα, as C/EBPα mediates C/EBPγ suppression. Studies in myeloid cells demonstrated that CEBPG overexpression blocked neutrophilic differentiation. Further, downregulation of Cebpg in murine Cebpa-deficient stem/progenitor cells or in human CEBPA-silenced AML samples restored granulocytic differentiation. In addition, treatment of these leukemias with demethylating agents restored the C/EBPα-C/EBPγ balance and upregulated the expression of myeloid differentiation markers. Our results indicate that C/EBPγ mediates the myeloid differentiation arrest induced by C/EBPα deficiency and that targeting the C/EBPα-C/EBPγ axis rescues neutrophilic differentiation in this unique subset of AMLs.
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Kyme P, Thoennissen NH, Tseng CW, Thoennissen GB, Wolf AJ, Shimada K, Krug UO, Lee K, Müller-Tidow C, Berdel WE, Hardy WD, Gombart AF, Koeffler HP, Liu GY. C/EBPε mediates nicotinamide-enhanced clearance of Staphylococcus aureus in mice. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:3316-29. [PMID: 22922257 DOI: 10.1172/jci62070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The myeloid-specific transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ε (C/EBPε) is a critical mediator of myelopoiesis. Mutation of this gene is responsible for neutrophil-specific granule deficiency in humans, a condition that confers susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus infection. We found that C/EBPε-deficient mice are severely affected by infection with S. aureus, and C/EBPε deficiency in neutrophils contributes to the infectious phenotype. Conversely, exposure to the epigenetic modulator nicotinamide (vitamin B3) increased expression of C/EBPε in WT myeloid cells. Further, nicotinamide increased the activity of C/EBPε and select downstream antimicrobial targets, particularly in neutrophils. In a systemic murine infection model as well as in murine and human peripheral blood, nicotinamide enhanced killing of S. aureus by up to 1,000 fold but had no effect when administered to either C/EBPε-deficient mice or mice depleted of neutrophils. Nicotinamide was efficacious in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Our findings suggest that C/EBPε is an important target to boost killing of bacteria by the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Kyme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Alexander DB, Iigo M, Yamauchi K, Suzui M, Tsuda H. Lactoferrin: an alternative view of its role in human biological fluids. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:279-306. [PMID: 22553915 DOI: 10.1139/o2012-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a major component of biologically important mucosal fluids and of the specific granules of neutrophils. Understanding its biological function is essential for understanding neutrophil- and mucosal-mediated immunity. In this review, we reevaluate the in vivo functions of human lactoferrin (hLF) emphasizing in vivo studies and in vitro studies performed in biologically relevant fluids. We discuss the evidence in the literature that supports (or does not support) proposed roles for hLF in mucosal immunity and in neutrophil function. We argue that the current literature supports a microbiostatic role, but not a microbicidal role, for hLF in vivo. The literature also supports a role for hLF in inhibiting colonization and infection of epithelial surfaces by microorganisms and in protecting tissues from neutrophil-mediated damage. Using this information, we briefly discuss hLF in the context of the complex biological fluids in which it is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Alexander
- Laboratory of Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
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Fiedler K, Brunner C. The role of transcription factors in the guidance of granulopoiesis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BLOOD RESEARCH 2012; 2:57-65. [PMID: 22432088 PMCID: PMC3301437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the prospective isolation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells has identified the hierarchical structure of hematopoietic development and lineage-commitment. Moreover, these isolated cell populations allowed the elucitation of the molecular mechansims associated with lineage choice and revealed the indispensable functions of transcription factors as lineage determinants. This review summarizes current concepts regarding adult murine granulopoiesis and illustrates the importance of the transcription factors C/EBPα, PU.1 and GATA-2 for the development of neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil granulocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Fiedler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Ulm Germany
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MicroRNA-130a-mediated down-regulation of Smad4 contributes to reduced sensitivity to TGF-β1 stimulation in granulocytic precursors. Blood 2011; 118:6649-59. [PMID: 22028478 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-03-339978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Smad4 is important in the TGF-β pathway and required for transcriptional activation and inhibition of cell growth after TGF-β1 stimulation. We demonstrate that miR-130a is differentially expressed during granulopoiesis and targets Smad4 mRNA. The transcript for Smad4 is present throughout neutrophil maturation, but Smad4 protein is undetectable in the most immature cells, where miR-130a is highly expressed. Two miR-130a binding sites were identified in the 3'-untranslated region of the Smad4 mRNA. Overexpression of miR-130a in HEK293, A549, and 32Dcl3 cells repressed synthesis of Smad4 protein without affecting Smad4 mRNA level. Repression of Smad4 synthesis in a granulocytic cell line by miR-130a reduced its sensitivity to TGF-β1-induced growth inhibition. This effect was reversed by inhibiting the activity of miR-130a with an antisense probe or by expressing a Smad4 mRNA lacking miR-130a binding sites. High endogenous miR-130a and Smad4 mRNA levels and low expression of Smad4 protein were found in the t(8;21)(q22;q22) acute myelogenous leukemia-derived cell line Kasumi-1. When miR-130a was inhibited by an antisense RNA, the amount of Smad4 protein increased in Kasumi-1 cells and rendered it susceptible for TGF-β1-mediated cell growth inhibition. Our data indicate that miR-130a is involved in cell cycle regulation of granulocytic cells through engagement of Smad4 in the TGF-β pathway.
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