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Bell CF, Baylis RA, Lopez NG, Ma WF, Gao H, Wang F, Bamezai S, Fu C, Kojima Y, Adkar SS, Luo L, Miller CL, Leeper NJ. BST2 induces vascular smooth muscle cell plasticity and phenotype switching during cancer progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.10.612298. [PMID: 39314286 PMCID: PMC11418980 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.10.612298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Smooth muscle cell (SMC) plasticity and phenotypic switching play prominent roles in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, but their role in tumorigenesis is unknown. We investigated whether and how SMC diversity and plasticity plays a role in tumor angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment. Methods and Results We use SMC-specific lineage-tracing mouse models and single cell RNA sequencing to observe the phenotypic diversity of SMCs participating in tumor vascularization. We find that a significant proportion of SMCs adopt a phenotype traditionally associated with macrophage-like cells. These cells are transcriptionally similar to 'resolution phase' M2b macrophages, which have been described to have a role in inflammation resolution. Computationally predicted by the ligand-receptor algorithm CellChat, signaling from BST2 on the surface of tumor cells to PIRA2 on SMCs promote this phenotypic transition; in vitro SMC assays demonstrate upregulation of macrophage transcriptional programs, and increased proliferation, migration, and phagocytic ability when exposed to BST2. Knockdown of BST2 in the tumor significantly decreases the transition towards a macrophage-like phenotype, and cells that do transition have a comparatively higher inflammatory signal typically associated with anti-tumor effect. Conclusion As BST2 is known to be a poor prognostic marker in multiple cancers where it is associated with an M2 macrophage-skewed TME, these studies suggest that phenotypically switched SMCs may have a previously unidentified role in this immunosuppressive milieu. Further translational work is needed to understand how this phenotypic switch could influence the response to anti-cancer agents and if targeted inhibition of SMC plasticity would be therapeutically beneficial.
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Ngo C, Garrec C, Tomasello E, Dalod M. The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in immunity during viral infections and beyond. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:1008-1035. [PMID: 38777879 PMCID: PMC11364676 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I and III interferons (IFNs) are essential for antiviral immunity and act through two different but complimentary pathways. First, IFNs activate intracellular antimicrobial programs by triggering the upregulation of a broad repertoire of viral restriction factors. Second, IFNs activate innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulation of IFN production can lead to severe immune system dysfunction. It is thus crucial to identify and characterize the cellular sources of IFNs, their effects, and their regulation to promote their beneficial effects and limit their detrimental effects, which can depend on the nature of the infected or diseased tissues, as we will discuss. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) can produce large amounts of all IFN subtypes during viral infection. pDCs are resistant to infection by many different viruses, thus inhibiting the immune evasion mechanisms of viruses that target IFN production or their downstream responses. Therefore, pDCs are considered essential for the control of viral infections and the establishment of protective immunity. A thorough bibliographical survey showed that, in most viral infections, despite being major IFN producers, pDCs are actually dispensable for host resistance, which is achieved by multiple IFN sources depending on the tissue. Moreover, primary innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses are only transiently affected in the absence of pDCs. More surprisingly, pDCs and their IFNs can be detrimental in some viral infections or autoimmune diseases. This makes the conservation of pDCs during vertebrate evolution an enigma and thus raises outstanding questions about their role not only in viral infections but also in other diseases and under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Ngo
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Clémence Garrec
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Elena Tomasello
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | - Marc Dalod
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
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Li Y, Chen W, Zhu X, Mei H, Steinhoff M, Buddenkotte J, Wang J, Zhang W, Li Z, Dai X, Shan C, Wang J, Meng J. Neuronal BST2: A Pruritic Mediator alongside Protease-Activated Receptor 2 in the IL-27-Driven Itch Pathway. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1829-1842.e4. [PMID: 38360199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Chronic itch is a common and complex symptom often associated with skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD). Although IL-27 is linked to AD, its role and clinical significance in itch remain undefined. We sought to investigate IL-27 function in itch using tissue-specific transgenic mice, various itch models, behavior scoring, RNA sequencing, and cytokine/kinase array. Our findings show that IL-27 receptors were overexpressed in human AD skin. Intradermal IL-27 injection failed to directly induce itch in mice but upregulated skin protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) transcripts, a key factor in itch and AD. IL-27 activated human keratinocytes, increasing PAR2 transcription and activity. Coinjection of SLIGRL (PAR2 agonist) and IL-27 in mice heightened PAR2-mediated itch. In addition, IL-27 boosted BST2 transcription in sensory neurons and keratinocytes. BST2 was upregulated in AD skin, and its injection in mice induced itch-like response. BST2 colocalized with sensory nerve branches in AD skin from both human and murine models. Sensory neurons released BST2, and mice with sensory neuron-specific BST2 knockout displayed reduced itch responses. Overall, this study provides evidence that skin IL-27/PAR2 and neuronal IL-27/BST2 axes are implicated in cutaneous inflammation and pruritus. The discovery of neuronal BST2 in pruritus shed light on BST2 in the itch cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Xingyun Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Huiyuan Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Israel Englander Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joerg Buddenkotte
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jinhai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Zhenghui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Chunxu Shan
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jiafu Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jianghui Meng
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
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4
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Monti M, Ferrari G, Gazzurelli L, Bugatti M, Facchetti F, Vermi W. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells at the forefront of anti-cancer immunity: rewiring strategies for tumor microenvironment remodeling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:196. [PMID: 39020402 PMCID: PMC11253500 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are multifaceted immune cells executing various innate immunological functions. Their first line of defence consists in type I interferons (I-IFN) production upon nucleic acids sensing through endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7- and 9-dependent signalling pathways. Type I IFNs are a class of proinflammatory cytokines that have context-dependent functions on cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting. In the last few years, different studies have reported that pDCs are also able to sense cytosolic DNA through cGAS-STING (stimulator of interferon genes) pathway eliciting a potent I-IFN production independently of TLR7/9. Human pDCs are also endowed with direct effector functions via the upregulation of TRAIL and production of granzyme B, the latter modulated by cytokines abundant in cancer tissues. pDCs have been detected in a wide variety of human malignant neoplasms, including virus-associated cancers, recruited by chemotactic stimuli. Although the role of pDCs in cancer immune surveillance is still uncompletely understood, their spontaneous activation has been rarely documented; moreover, their presence in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been associated with a tolerogenic phenotype induced by immunosuppressive cytokines or oncometabolites. Currently tested treatment options can lead to pDCs activation and disruption of the immunosuppressive TME, providing a relevant clinical benefit. On the contrary, the antibody-drug conjugates targeting BDCA-2 on immunosuppressive tumor-associated pDCs (TA-pDCs) could be proposed as novel immunomodulatory therapies to achieve disease control in patients with advance stage hematologic malignancies or solid tumors. This Review integrate recent evidence on the biology of pDCs and their pharmacological modulation, suggesting their relevant role at the forefront of cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ferrari
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Gazzurelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabio Facchetti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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5
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Kim HJ, Jang J, Na K, Lee EH, Gu HJ, Lim YH, Joo SA, Baek SE, Roh JY, Maeng HJ, Kim YH, Lee YJ, Oh BC, Jung Y. TLR7-dependent eosinophil degranulation links psoriatic skin inflammation to small intestinal inflammatory changes in mice. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1164-1177. [PMID: 38689088 PMCID: PMC11148187 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the context of psoriasis and the increased cooccurrence of inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis suggest a close relationship between skin and gut immune responses. Using a mouse model of psoriasis induced by the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 ligand imiquimod, we found that psoriatic dermatitis was accompanied by inflammatory changes in the small intestine associated with eosinophil degranulation, which impaired intestinal barrier integrity. Inflammatory responses in the skin and small intestine were increased in mice prone to eosinophil degranulation. Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells were treated with media containing eosinophil granule proteins and exhibited signs of inflammation and damage. Imiquimod-induced skin and intestinal changes were attenuated in eosinophil-deficient mice, and this attenuation was counteracted by the transfer of eosinophils. Imiquimod levels and the distribution of eosinophils were positively correlated in the intestine. TLR7-deficient mice did not exhibit intestinal eosinophil degranulation but did exhibit attenuated inflammation in the skin and small intestine following imiquimod administration. These results suggest that TLR7-dependent bidirectional skin-to-gut communication occurs in psoriatic inflammation and that inflammatory changes in the intestine can accelerate psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Joo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Gachon Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21565, Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Jinsun Jang
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Kunhee Na
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Eun-Hui Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jung Gu
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Lim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Seul-A Joo
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Baek
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Korea
| | - Joo-Young Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Gachon Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21565, Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - YunJae Jung
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea.
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea.
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6
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Tiberio L, Laffranchi M, Zucchi G, Salvi V, Schioppa T, Sozzani S, Del Prete A, Bosisio D. Inhibitory receptors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells as possible targets for checkpoint blockade in cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360291. [PMID: 38504978 PMCID: PMC10948453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the major producers of type I interferons (IFNs), which are essential to mount antiviral and antitumoral immune responses. To avoid exaggerated levels of type I IFNs, which pave the way to immune dysregulation and autoimmunity, pDC activation is strictly regulated by a variety of inhibitory receptors (IRs). In tumors, pDCs display an exhausted phenotype and correlate with an unfavorable prognosis, which largely depends on the accumulation of immunosuppressive cytokines and oncometabolites. This review explores the hypothesis that tumor microenvironment may reduce the release of type I IFNs also by a more pDC-specific mechanism, namely the engagement of IRs. Literature shows that many cancer types express de novo, or overexpress, IR ligands (such as BST2, PCNA, CAECAM-1 and modified surface carbohydrates) which often represent a strong predictor of poor outcome and metastasis. In line with this, tumor cells expressing ligands engaging IRs such as BDCA-2, ILT7, TIM3 and CD44 block pDC activation, while this blocking is prevented when IR engagement or signaling is inhibited. Based on this evidence, we propose that the regulation of IFN secretion by IRs may be regarded as an "innate checkpoint", reminiscent of the function of "classical" adaptive immune checkpoints, like PD1 expressed in CD8+ T cells, which restrain autoimmunity and immunopathology but favor chronic infections and tumors. However, we also point out that further work is needed to fully unravel the biology of tumor-associated pDCs, the neat contribution of pDC exhaustion in tumor growth following the engagement of IRs, especially those expressed also by other leukocytes, and their therapeutic potential as targets of combined immune checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tiberio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Laffranchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur-Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zucchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur-Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Schioppa
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur-Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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7
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Yu H, Bian Q, Wang X, Wang X, Lai L, Wu Z, Zhao Z, Ban B. Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2: Tumor biology, signaling pathway and therapeutic targeting (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 51:45. [PMID: 38240088 PMCID: PMC10828922 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) is a type II transmembrane protein that serves critical roles in antiretroviral defense in the innate immune response. In addition, it has been suggested that BST2 is highly expressed in various types of human cancer and high BST2 expression is related to different clinicopathological parameters in cancer. The molecular mechanism underlying BST2 as a potential tumor biomarker in human solid tumors has been reported on; however, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no review published on the molecular mechanism of BST2 in human solid tumors. The present review focuses on human BST2 expression, structure and functions; the molecular mechanisms of BST2 in breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastrointestinal tumor and other solid tumors; the therapeutic potential of BST2; and the possibility of BST2 as a potential marker. BST2 is involved in cell membrane integrity and lipid raft formation, which can activate epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathways, providing a potential mechanistic link between BST2 and tumorigenesis. Notably, BST2 may be considered a universal tumor biomarker and a potential therapeutical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglian Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Bian
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhe Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Luhao Lai
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Zhichun Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Zhankui Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Bo Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
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8
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Long H, Steimle JD, Grisanti Canozo FJ, Kim JH, Li X, Morikawa Y, Park M, Turaga D, Adachi I, Wythe JD, Samee MAH, Martin JF. Endothelial cells adopt a pro-reparative immune responsive signature during cardiac injury. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202201870. [PMID: 38012001 PMCID: PMC10681909 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the heart's immune microenvironment is crucial for recovery after ischemic events such as myocardial infarction (MI). Endothelial cells (ECs) can have immune regulatory functions; however, interactions between ECs and the immune environment in the heart after MI remain poorly understood. We identified an EC-specific IFN responsive and immune regulatory gene signature in adult and pediatric heart failure (HF) tissues. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of murine hearts subjected to MI uncovered an EC population (IFN-ECs) with immunologic gene signatures similar to those in human HF. IFN-ECs were enriched in regenerative-stage mouse hearts and expressed genes encoding immune responsive transcription factors (Irf7, Batf2, and Stat1). Single-cell chromatin accessibility studies revealed an enrichment of these TF motifs at IFN-EC signature genes. Expression of immune regulatory ligand genes by IFN-ECs suggests bidirectional signaling between IFN-ECs and macrophages in regenerative-stage hearts. Our data suggest that ECs may adopt immune regulatory signatures after cardiac injury to accompany the reparative response. The presence of these signatures in human HF and murine MI models suggests a potential role for EC-mediated immune regulation in responding to stress induced by acute injury in MI and chronic adverse remodeling in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hali Long
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Interdepartmental Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jong Hwan Kim
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuka Morikawa
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Minjun Park
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diwakar Turaga
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iki Adachi
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Md Abul Hassan Samee
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James F Martin
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Interdepartmental Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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9
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Redondo-García S, Barritt C, Papagregoriou C, Yeboah M, Frendeus B, Cragg MS, Roghanian A. Human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1282874. [PMID: 38022598 PMCID: PMC10679719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1282874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (LILR) are a family of 11 innate immunomodulatory receptors, primarily expressed on lymphoid and myeloid cells. LILRs are either activating (LILRA) or inhibitory (LILRB) depending on their associated signalling domains (D). With the exception of the soluble LILRA3, LILRAs mediate immune activation, while LILRB1-5 primarily inhibit immune responses and mediate tolerance. Abnormal expression and function of LILRs is associated with a range of pathologies, including immune insufficiency (infection and malignancy) and overt immune responses (autoimmunity and alloresponses), suggesting LILRs may be excellent candidates for targeted immunotherapies. This review will discuss the biology and clinical relevance of this extensive family of immune receptors and will summarise the recent developments in targeting LILRs in disease settings, such as cancer, with an update on the clinical trials investigating the therapeutic targeting of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Redondo-García
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Barritt
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Lister Department of General Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Charys Papagregoriou
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Muchaala Yeboah
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Björn Frendeus
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- BioInvent International AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mark S. Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Roghanian
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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10
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Cha YJ, Kim EY, Choi YJ, Kim CY, Park MK, Chang YS. Accumulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell is associated with a treatment response to DNA-damaging treatment and favorable prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1154881. [PMID: 37435086 PMCID: PMC10330699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Favorable responses to the treatment including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been consistently reported in lung cancer with smoking history. As the tumor microenvironment (TME) may be involved in the treatment response to ICIs, we aimed to investigate the TME of lung cancer with different smoking status. Methods Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissue (Tu) and adjacent normal-appearing lung tissue (NL) from current and never smokers were investigated by single-cell RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. The clinical implications of identified biomarkers were validated using open-source datasets. Results The lungs of smokers had an increased proportion of innate immune cells in NL tissues, whereas Tu tissues had a lower proportion of these cells than those of non-smokers. Monocyte-derived macrophages (mono-Mc), CD163-LGMN macrophages, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) were significantly enriched in smokers' Tu. Among these clusters, pDCs, specifically enriched in the Tu of smokers. The expression of representative pDC markers, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A4 (LILRA4) and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), was increased in the stromal cells of LUAD in patients with a smoking history. In an animal model of lung cancer, ionizing radiation induced robust TLR9 expressing immune cells in peritumoral area. Survival analysis using a TCGA-LUAD dataset indicated that patients overexpressing pDC markers exhibited superior clinical outcomes to age-, sex-, and smoking-matched control groups. Top 25% patients with high TLR9 expression exhibited significantly higher tumor mutational burden than that of low TLR9 expression group (bottom 25% patients) (5.81 mutations/Mb vs 4.36 mutations/Mb; P = 0.0059, Welch's two-sample t-test). Conclusion There is an increased pDC in the TME of smokers' lung cancer, and the response of pDC to DNA damaging treatment would lead a conducive environment to ICIs containing regimens. These findings suggest that R&D that induces an increase in the activated pDC population is continuously required to enhance therapeutic effectiveness of ICIs-containing therapies in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Cha
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Jimenez-Leon MR, Gasca-Capote C, Tarancon-Diez L, Dominguez-Molina B, Lopez-Verdugo M, Ritraj R, Gallego I, Alvarez-Rios AI, Vitalle J, Bachiller S, Camacho-Sojo MI, Perez-Gomez A, Espinosa N, Roca-Oporto C, Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia M, Gutierrez-Valencia A, Lopez-Cortes LF, Ruiz-Mateos E. Toll-like receptor agonists enhance HIV-specific T cell response mediated by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in diverse HIV-1 disease progression phenotypes. EBioMedicine 2023; 91:104549. [PMID: 37018973 PMCID: PMC10106920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) sense viral and bacterial products through Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 and -9 and translate this sensing into Interferon-α (IFN-α) production and T-cell activation. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in pDCs stimulation may contribute to HIV-cure immunotherapeutic strategies. The objective of the present study was to characterize the immunomodulatory effects of TLR agonist stimulations in several HIV-1 disease progression phenotypes and in non HIV-1 infected donors. METHODS pDCs, CD4 and CD8 T-cells were isolated from 450 ml of whole blood from non HIV-1 infected donors, immune responders (IR), immune non responders (INR), viremic (VIR) and elite controller (EC) participants. pDCs were stimulated overnight with AT-2, CpG-A, CpG-C and GS-9620 or no stimuli. After that, pDCs were co-cultured with autologous CD4 or CD8 T-cells and with/without HIV-1 (Gag peptide pool) or SEB (Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B). Cytokine array, gene expression and deep immunophenotyping were assayed. FINDINGS pDCs showed an increase of activation markers levels, interferon related genes, HIV-1 restriction factors and cytokines levels after TLR stimulation in the different HIV-disease progression phenotypes. This pDC activation was prominent with CpG-C and GS-9620 and induced an increase of HIV-specific T-cell response even in VIR and INR comparable with EC. This HIV-1 specific T-cell response was associated with the upregulation of HIV-1 restriction factors and IFN-α production by pDC. INTERPRETATION These results shed light on the mechanisms associated with TLR-specific pDCs stimulation associated with the induction of a T-cell mediated antiviral response which is essential for HIV-1 eradication strategies. FUNDING This work was supported by Gilead fellowship program, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER, "a way to make Europe") and the Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en SIDA and by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC).
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12
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Shang Y, Liu X, Wei L, Liang S, Zou Z, Wu M, Xia J. Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor A5 Deletion Aggravates the Pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis by Promoting Proinflammatory Cytokines. Cornea 2023; 42:607-614. [PMID: 36729030 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the role of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A5 (LILRA5) in regulating bacterial infection and corneal inflammation. METHODS The human corneal tissue microarray data set GSE58291 from Gene Expression Omnibus was downloaded. Then, the differentially expressed genes, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and the immune infiltration analysis were conducted. We constructed the Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) keratitis mice model using wild-type and LILRA5-deficient mice. The results of the bioinformatics analysis were verified by the cell in vitro and animal in vivo experiments. RESULTS This study revealed that LILRA5 is substantially expressed in human keratitis and regulates the immune response negatively. Neutrophils were identified as the core fraction of immune cells in keratitis. After P. aeruginosa infection, neutrophils lacking LILRA5 induced elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptor 4. LILRA5 deficiency exacerbated the severity of the infection and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in mice. CONCLUSIONS LILRA5 was discovered as an immunosuppressive regulator in P. aeruginosa keratitis, highlighting its significance in activated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwen Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siping Liang
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyu Zou
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Vasaikar SV, Savage AK, Gong Q, Swanson E, Talla A, Lord C, Heubeck AT, Reading J, Graybuck LT, Meijer P, Torgerson TR, Skene PJ, Bumol TF, Li XJ. A comprehensive platform for analyzing longitudinal multi-omics data. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1684. [PMID: 36973282 PMCID: PMC10041512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal bulk and single-cell omics data is increasingly generated for biological and clinical research but is challenging to analyze due to its many intrinsic types of variations. We present PALMO ( https://github.com/aifimmunology/PALMO ), a platform that contains five analytical modules to examine longitudinal bulk and single-cell multi-omics data from multiple perspectives, including decomposition of sources of variations within the data, collection of stable or variable features across timepoints and participants, identification of up- or down-regulated markers across timepoints of individual participants, and investigation on samples of same participants for possible outlier events. We have tested PALMO performance on a complex longitudinal multi-omics dataset of five data modalities on the same samples and six external datasets of diverse background. Both PALMO and our longitudinal multi-omics dataset can be valuable resources to the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam K Savage
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Qiuyu Gong
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Elliott Swanson
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aarthi Talla
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Cara Lord
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul Meijer
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | | | - Peter J Skene
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | | | - Xiao-Jun Li
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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14
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Urata S, Yamaguchi S, Nambu A, Sudo K, Nakae S, Yasuda J. The roles of BST-2 in murine B cell development and on virus propagation. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:105-113. [PMID: 36604771 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) stromal cell antigen-2 (BST-2), also known as tetherin, CD317, PDCA-1, or HM1.24, is a membrane protein overexpressed in several types of tumors and may act as a promising target for cancer treatment via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. BST-2 is also expressed in human BM stromal cells (BMSC), which support B cell development. While the activity of BST-2 as an antiviral factor has been demonstrated, the expression patterns and the role of BST-2 on B-cell development and activation have not been investigated, especially in vivo. In this study, Bst2 knockout (Bst2-/- ) mice were generated to assess the role of BST-2 on B cell development and activation. It was observed that BST-2 was not expressed in BMSC or all B cell progenitors even in wild-type mice and does not play a significant role in B cell development. In addition, the loss of BST-2 had no effect on B cell activation. Furthermore and in contrast to the well-known antiviral role of BST-2, infection of vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus to the BM cells collected from the Bst2-/- mice produced less infectious virus compared with that from the WT mice. These results suggest that murine BST-2 is different from human BST-2 in the expression pattern, physiological function, in vivo, and might possess positive role on VSV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzo Urata
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Aya Nambu
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuko Sudo
- Pre-clinical Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jiro Yasuda
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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15
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Roy G, Chakraborty A, Swami B, Pal L, Ahuja C, Basak S, Bhaskar S. Type 1 interferon mediated signaling is indispensable for eliciting anti-tumor responses by Mycobacterium indicus pranii. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1104711. [PMID: 37122749 PMCID: PMC10140407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The evolving tumor secretes various immunosuppressive factors that reprogram the tumor microenvironment (TME) to become immunologically cold. Consequently, various immunosuppressive cells like Tregs are recruited into the TME which in turn subverts the anti-tumor response of dendritic cells and T cells.Tumor immunotherapy is a popular means to rejuvenate the immunologically cold TME into hot. Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) has shown strong immunomodulatory activity in different animal and human tumor models and has been approved for treatment of lung cancer (NSCLC) patients as an adjunct therapy. Previously, MIP has shown TLR2/9 mediated activation of antigen presenting cells/Th1 cells and their enhanced infiltration in mouse melanoma but the underlying mechanism by which it is modulating these immune cells is not yet known. Results This study reports for the first time that MIP immunotherapy involves type 1 interferon (IFN) signaling as one of the major signaling pathways to mediate the antitumor responses. Further, it was observed that MIP therapy significantly influenced frequency and activation of different subsets of T cells like regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD8+ T cells in the TME. It reduces the migration of Tregs into the TME by suppressing the expression of CCL22, a Treg recruiting chemokine on DCs and this process is dependent on type 1 IFN. Simultaneously, in a type 1 IFN dependent pathway, it enhances the activation and effector function of the immunosuppressive tumor resident DCs which in turn effectively induce the proliferation and effector function of the CD8+ T cells. Conclusion This study also provides evidence that MIP induced pro-inflammatory responses including induction of effector function of conventional dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells along with reduction of intratumoral Treg frequency are essentially mediated in a type 1 IFN-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Roy
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anush Chakraborty
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharati Swami
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Pal
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Charvi Ahuja
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Soumen Basak
- Systems Immunology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Bhaskar
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Sangeeta Bhaskar,
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16
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Wang Y, Xia Y, Chen Y, Xu L, Sun X, Li J, Huang G, Li X, Xie Z, Zhou Z. Association analysis between the TLR9 gene polymorphism rs352140 and type 1 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1030736. [PMID: 37139337 PMCID: PMC10150994 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To a great extent, genetic factors contribute to the susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) development, and by triggering immune imbalance, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 is involved in the development of T1D. However, there is a lack of evidence supporting a genetic association between polymorphisms in the TLR9 gene and T1D. Methods In total, 1513 individuals, including T1D patients (n=738) and healthy control individuals (n=775), from the Han Chinese population were recruited for an association analysis of the rs352140 polymorphism of the TLR9 gene and T1D. rs352140 was genotyped by MassARRAY. The allele and genotype distributions of rs352140 in the T1D and healthy groups and those in different T1D subgroups were analyzed by the chi-squared test and binary logistic regression model. The chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were performed to explore the association between genotype and phenotype in T1D patients. Results The allele and genotype distributions of rs352140 were significantly different in T1D patients and healthy control individuals (p=0.019, p=0.035). Specifically, the T allele and TT genotype of rs352140 conferred a higher risk of T1D (OR=1.194, 95% CI=1.029-1.385, p=0.019, OR=1.535, 95% CI=1.108-2.126, p=0.010). The allele and genotype distributions of rs352140 were not significantly different between childhood-onset and adult-onset T1D and between T1D with a single islet autoantibody and T1D with multiple islet autoantibodies (p=0.603, p=0.743). rs352140 was associated with T1D susceptibility according to the recessive and additive models (p=0.015, p=0.019) but was not associated with T1D susceptibility in the dominant and overdominant models (p=0.117, p=0.928). Moreover, genotype-phenotype association analysis showed that the TT genotype of rs352140 was associated with higher fasting C-peptide levels (p=0.017). Conclusion In the Han Chinese population, the TLR9 polymorphism rs352140 is associated with T1D and is a risk factor for susceptibility to T1D.
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Sosa Cuevas E, Valladeau-Guilemond J, Mouret S, Roubinet B, de Fraipont F, Landemarre L, Charles J, Bendriss-Vermare N, Chaperot L, Aspord C. Unique CLR expression patterns on circulating and tumor-infiltrating DC subsets correlated with clinical outcome in melanoma patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1040600. [PMID: 36353633 PMCID: PMC9638162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Subversion of immunity by tumors is a crucial step for their development. Dendritic cells (DCs) are strategic immune cells that orchestrate anti-tumor immune responses but display altered functions in cancer. The bases for such DCs' hijacking are not fully understood. Tumor cells harbor unusual glycosylation patterns of surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. DCs express glycan-binding receptors, named C-type lectin receptors (CLR), allowing them to sense changes in glycan signature of their environment, and subsequently trigger a response. Recognition of tumor glycans by CLRs is crucial for DCs to shape antitumor immunity, and decisive in the orientation of the response. Yet the status of the CLR machinery on DCs in cancer, especially melanoma, remained largely unknown. We explored CLR expression patterns on circulating and tumor-infiltrating cDC1s, cDC2s, and pDCs of melanoma patients, assessed their clinical relevance, and further depicted the correlations between CLR expression profiles and DCs' features. For the first time, we highlighted that the CLR repertoire of circulating and tumor-infiltrating cDC1s, cDC2s, and pDCs was strongly perturbed in melanoma patients, with modulation of DCIR, CLEC-12α and NKp44 on circulating DCs, and perturbation of Dectin-1, CD206, DEC205, DC-SIGN and CLEC-9α on tumor-infiltrating DCs. Furthermore, melanoma tumor cells directly altered CLR expression profiles of healthy DC subsets, and this was associated with specific glycan patterns (Man, Fuc, GlcNAc) that may interact with DCs through CLR molecules. Notably, specific CLR expression profiles on DC subsets correlated with unique DCs' activation status and functionality and were associated with clinical outcome of melanoma patients. Higher proportions of DCIR-, DEC205-, CLEC-12α-expressing cDCs were linked with a better survival, whereas elevated proportions of CD206-, Dectin1-expressing cDCs and NKp44-expressing pDCs were associated with a poor outcome. Thus, melanoma tumor may shape DCs' features by exploiting the plasticity of the CLR machinery. Our study revealed that melanoma manipulates CLR pathways to hijack DC subsets and escape from immune control. It further paved the way to exploit glycan-lectin interactions for the design of innovative therapeutic strategies, which exploit DCs' potentialities while avoiding hijacking by tumor, to properly reshape anti-tumor immunity by manipulating the CLR machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Sosa Cuevas
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, R&D Laboratory, Grenoble, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling & Cancer, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jenny Valladeau-Guilemond
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stephane Mouret
- Dermatology, Allergology & Photobiology Department, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Florence de Fraipont
- Medical Unit of Molecular genetic (Hereditary Diseases and Oncology), Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Julie Charles
- Dermatology, Allergology & Photobiology Department, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, R&D Laboratory, Grenoble, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling & Cancer, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, R&D Laboratory, Grenoble, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling & Cancer, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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BST2, a Novel Inhibitory Receptor, Is Involved in NK Cell Cytotoxicity through Its Cytoplasmic Tail Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911395. [PMID: 36232695 PMCID: PMC9570199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Antigen 2 (BST2) is a type II transmembrane protein expressed on various cell types that tethers the release of viruses. Natural killer (NK) cells express low levels of BST2 under normal conditions but exhibit increased expression of BST2 upon activation. In this study, we show for the first time that murine BST2 can control the cytotoxicity of NK cells. The cytoplasmic tail of murine BST2 contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). The absence of BST2 on NK cells can enhance their cytotoxicity against tumor cells compared to wild type NK cells. NK cells isolated from NZW mice, which express ITIM-deficient BST2, also showed higher cytotoxicity than wild type NK cells. In addition, we found that galectin-8 and galectin-9 were ligands of BST2, since blocking galectin-8 or -9 with monoclonal antibodies enhanced the cytotoxicity of NK cells. These results suggested that BST2 might be a novel NK cell inhibitory receptor as it was involved in regulating NK cell cytotoxicity through its interaction with galectins.
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Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells as a Novel Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911397. [PMID: 36232698 PMCID: PMC9570010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are multifaceted immune cells with a wide range of innate and adaptive immunological functions. They constitute the first line of defence against multiple viral infections and have also been reported to actively participate in antitumor immune responses. The clinical implication of the presence of pDCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is still ambiguous, but it is clear that pDCs possess the ability to modulate tumor-specific T cell responses and direct cytotoxic functions. Therapeutic strategies designed to exploit these qualities of pDCs to boost tumor-specific immune responses could represent an attractive alternative compared to conventional therapeutic approaches in the future, and promising antitumor effects have already been reported in phase I/II clinical trials. Here, we review the many roles of pDCs in cancer and present current advances in developing pDC-based immunotherapeutic approaches for treating cancer.
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Shahverdi M, Masoumi J, Ghorbaninezhad F, Shajari N, Hajizadeh F, Hassanian H, Alizadeh N, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. The modulatory role of dendritic cell-T cell cross-talk in breast cancer: Challenges and prospects. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:353-363. [PMID: 36116207 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antigen recognition and presentation are highlighted as the first steps in developing specialized antigen responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are outstanding professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) responsible for priming cellular immunity in pathological states, including cancer. However, the diminished or repressed function of DCs is thought to be a substantial mechanism through which tumors escape from the immune system. In this regard, DCs obtained from breast cancer (BC) patients represent a notably weakened potency to encourage specific T-cell responses. Additionally, impaired DC-T-cell cross-talk in BC facilitates the immune evade of cancer cells and is connected with tumor advancement, immune tolerance, and adverse prognosis for patients. In this review we aim to highlight the available knowledge on DC-T-cell interactions in BC aggressiveness and show its therapeutic potential in BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Shahverdi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Javad Masoumi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farid Ghorbaninezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Shajari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farnaz Hajizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Hassanian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jafarlou
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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21
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Zhao Y, Zhao K, Wang S, Du J. Multi-functional BST2/tetherin against HIV-1, other viruses and LINE-1. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:979091. [PMID: 36176574 PMCID: PMC9513188 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.979091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2), also known as CD317, HM1.24, or tetherin, is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein. Its expression is induced by IFN-I, and it initiates host immune responses by directly trapping enveloped HIV-1 particles onto the cell surface. This antagonistic mechanism toward the virus is attributable to the unique structure of BST2. In addition to its antiviral activity, BST2 restricts retrotransposon LINE-1 through a distinct mechanism. As counteractive measures, different viruses use a variety of proteins to neutralize the function or even stability of BST2. Interestingly, BST2 seems to have both a positive and a negative influence on immunomodulation and virus propagation. Here, we review the relationship between the structural and functional bases of BST2 in anti-HIV-1 and suppressing retrotransposon LINE-1 activation and focus on its dual features in immunomodulation and regulating virus propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhao
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Du
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Du,
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22
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Human Papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 Oncoproteins Alter the Abundance of Proteins Associated with DNA Damage Response, Immune Signaling and Epidermal Differentiation. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081764. [PMID: 36016386 PMCID: PMC9415472 DOI: 10.3390/v14081764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-risk human papillomaviruses are oncogenic viruses associated with almost all cases of cervical carcinomas, and increasing numbers of anal, and oral cancers. Two oncogenic HPV proteins, E6 and E7, are capable of immortalizing keratinocytes and are required for HPV associated cell transformation. Currently, the influence of these oncoproteins on the global regulation of the host proteome is not well defined. Liquid chromatography coupled with quantitative tandem mass spectrometry using isobaric-tagged peptides was used to investigate the effects of the HPV16 oncoproteins E6 and E7 on protein levels in human neonatal keratinocytes (HEKn). Pathway and gene ontology enrichment analyses revealed that the cells expressing the HPV oncoproteins have elevated levels of proteins related to interferon response, inflammation and DNA damage response, while the proteins related to cell organization and epithelial development are downregulated. This study identifies dysregulated pathways and potential biomarkers associated with HPV oncoproteins in primary keratinocytes which may have therapeutic implications. Most notably, DNA damage response pathways, DNA replication, and interferon signaling pathways were affected in cells transduced with HPV16 E6 and E7 lentiviruses. Moreover, proteins associated with cell organization and differentiation were significantly downregulated in keratinocytes expressing HPV16 E6 + E7. High-risk HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins are necessary for the HPV-associated transformation of keratinocytes. However their influence on the global dysregulation of keratinocyte proteome is not well documented. Here shotgun proteomics using TMT-labeling detected over 2500 significantly dysregulated proteins associated with E6 and E7 expression. Networks of proteins related to interferon response, inflammation and DNA damage repair pathways were altered.
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23
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Zhao R, Han W, Tang K, Shao R, Zhu P, Zhang S, Xu P, He Y. Function of normal oral mucosa revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1481-1494. [PMID: 35894175 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The functions of oral mucosa include barrier, sensation, and secretion. The barrier protection function is particularly important, which includes physical barrier and immunological barrier. Few studies have revealed the function of oral mucosa by displaying the map of normal oral mucosal cells from the perspective of single cells. Here, single-cell transcriptome sequencing was used to bring a relatively comprehensive map of the normal oral mucosal cells. In total, 26,398 cells from three cases of normal oral mucosa were analyzed by single-cell RNA-sequencing and 14 distinct cell groups were defined, 7 of which were immune cells. We performed subgroup classification and heterogeneity analysis of epithelial cells, T cells, and macrophagocytes, which found a subpopulation of epithelial cells with high expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, a subpopulation CD8+ GZMK+ T cells, and two kinds of active macrophagocytes. Meanwhile, we identified ligand-receptor pairs among the major cell types to explore the interactions and how they maintain the homeostasis of normal oral mucosa. Based on these results, the epithelial barrier function, immunological barrier function, and potential maintenance function of stromal cells in the oral mucosa were described at the single-cell level, which provides basic data resources for further studies of oral mucosal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruowen Zhao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital & School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kailin Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital & School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruru Shao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingyi Zhu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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24
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Kong Y, Xue Z, Wang H, Cui G, Chen A, Liu J, Wang J, Li X, Huang B. Identification of BST2 Contributing to the Development of Glioblastoma Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:890174. [PMID: 35865015 PMCID: PMC9294273 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.890174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigorous molecular analysis of the immune cell environment and immune response of human tumors has led to immune checkpoint inhibitors as one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of human cancer. However, in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) which develops in part by attracting immune cell types intrinsic to the human brain (microglia), standard immunotherapy has yielded inconsistent results in experimental models and patients. Here, we analyzed publicly available expression datasets to identify molecules possibly associated with immune response originating from or influencing the tumor microenvironment in primary tumor samples. Using three glioma datasets (GSE16011, Rembrandt-glioma and TCGA-glioma), we first analyzed the data to distinguish between GBMs of high and low tumor cell purity, a reflection of the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment, and second, to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these two groups using GSEA and other analyses. Tumor purity was negatively correlated with patient prognosis. The interferon gamma-related gene BST2 emerged as a DEG that was highly expressed in GBM and negatively correlated with tumor purity. BST2high tumors also tended to harbor PTEN mutations (31 vs. 9%, BST2high versus BST2low) while BST2low tumors more often had sustained TP53 mutations (8 versus 36%, BST2high versus BST2low). Prognosis of patients with BST2high tumors was also poor relative to patients with BST2low tumors. Further molecular in silico analysis demonstrated that high expression of BST2 was negatively correlated with CD8+ T cells but positively correlated with macrophages with an M2 phenotype. Further functional analysis demonstrated that BST2 was associated with multiple immune checkpoints and cytokines, and may promote tumorigenesis and progression through interferon gamma, IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling, IL2/STAT5 signaling and the TNF-α signaling via NF-kB pathway. Finally, a series of experiments confirmed that the expression of BST2 can be significantly increased by IFN induction, and knockdown of BST2 can significantly inhibit the growth and invasion of GBM cells, and may affect the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages. In conclusion, BST2 may promote the progression of GBM and may be a target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Neurological Care Unit, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhiwei Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Guangqiang Cui
- Neurological Care Unit, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Anjing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Neurological Care Unit, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Huang,
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25
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Kaufmann M, Schaupp AL, Sun R, Coscia F, Dendrou CA, Cortes A, Kaur G, Evans HG, Mollbrink A, Navarro JF, Sonner JK, Mayer C, DeLuca GC, Lundeberg J, Matthews PM, Attfield KE, Friese MA, Mann M, Fugger L. Identification of early neurodegenerative pathways in progressive multiple sclerosis. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:944-955. [PMID: 35726057 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by unrelenting neurodegeneration, which causes cumulative disability and is refractory to current treatments. Drug development to prevent disease progression is an urgent clinical need yet is constrained by an incomplete understanding of its complex pathogenesis. Using spatial transcriptomics and proteomics on fresh-frozen human MS brain tissue, we identified multicellular mechanisms of progressive MS pathogenesis and traced their origin in relation to spatially distributed stages of neurodegeneration. By resolving ligand-receptor interactions in local microenvironments, we discovered defunct trophic and anti-inflammatory intercellular communications within areas of early neuronal decline. Proteins associated with neuronal damage in patient samples showed mechanistic concordance with published in vivo knockdown and central nervous system (CNS) disease models, supporting their causal role and value as potential therapeutic targets in progressive MS. Our findings provide a new framework for drug development strategies, rooted in an understanding of the complex cellular and signaling dynamics in human diseased tissue that facilitate this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Kaufmann
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna-Lena Schaupp
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosa Sun
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fabian Coscia
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Spatial Proteomics Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Calliope A Dendrou
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian Cortes
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gurman Kaur
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hayley G Evans
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annelie Mollbrink
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - José Fernández Navarro
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jana K Sonner
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Mayer
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele C DeLuca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Paul M Matthews
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kathrine E Attfield
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lars Fugger
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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26
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Pandey K, Zafar H. Inference of cell state transitions and cell fate plasticity from single-cell with MARGARET. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:e86. [PMID: 35639499 PMCID: PMC9410915 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in inferring cellular dynamics using single-cell RNA-seq data, existing trajectory inference (TI) methods face difficulty in accurately reconstructing the cell-state manifold and cell-fate plasticity for complex topologies. Here, we present MARGARET (https://github.com/Zafar-Lab/Margaret) for inferring single-cell trajectory and fate mapping for diverse dynamic cellular processes. MARGARET reconstructs complex trajectory topologies using a deep unsupervised metric learning and a graph-partitioning approach based on a novel connectivity measure, automatically detects terminal cell states, and generalizes the quantification of fate plasticity for complex topologies. On a diverse benchmark consisting of synthetic and real datasets, MARGARET outperformed state-of-the-art methods in recovering global topology and cell pseudotime ordering. For human hematopoiesis, MARGARET accurately identified all major lineages and associated gene expression trends and helped identify transitional progenitors associated with key branching events. For embryoid body differentiation, MARGARET identified novel transitional populations that were validated by bulk sequencing and functionally characterized different precursor populations in the mesoderm lineage. For colon differentiation, MARGARET characterized the lineage for BEST4/OTOP2 cells and the heterogeneity in goblet cell lineage in the colon under normal and inflamed ulcerative colitis conditions. Finally, we demonstrated that MARGARET can scale to large scRNA-seq datasets consisting of ∼ millions of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushagra Pandey
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Hamim Zafar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.,Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.,Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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27
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Muhsin A, Rangel R, Vien L, Bover L. Monoclonal Antibodies Generation: Updates and Protocols on Hybridoma Technology. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2435:73-93. [PMID: 34993940 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2014-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Since its inception in 1975, the hybridoma technology revolutionized science and medicine, facilitating discoveries in almost any field from the laboratory to the clinic. Many technological advancements have been developed since then, to create these "magical bullets." Phage and yeast display libraries expressing the variable heavy and light domains of antibodies, single B-cell cloning from immunized animals of different species including humans or in silico approaches, all have rendered a myriad of newly developed antibodies or improved design of existing ones. However, still the majority of these antibodies or their recombinant versions are from hybridoma origin, a preferred methodology that trespass species barriers, due to the preservation of the natural functions of immune cells in producing the humoral response: antigen specific immunoglobulins. Remarkably, this methodology can be reproduced in small laboratories without the need of sophisticate equipment. In this chapter, we will describe the most recent methods utilized by our Monoclonal Antibodies Core Facility at the University of Texas-M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. During the last 10 years, the methods, techniques, and expertise implemented in our core had generated more than 350 antibodies for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Muhsin
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roberto Rangel
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Long Vien
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Bover
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA.
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28
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Singh Rawat B, Venkataraman R, Budhwar R, Tailor P. Methionine- and Choline-Deficient Diet Identifies an Essential Role for DNA Methylation in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Biology. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:881-897. [PMID: 35101891 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diet plays an important role in lifestyle disorders associated with the disturbed immune system. During the study of methionine- and choline-deficient diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, we observed a specific decrease in the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) fraction from murine spleens. While delineating the role for individual components, we identified that l-methionine supplementation correlates with representation of the pDC fraction. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a key methyl donor, and we demonstrate that supplementation of methionine-deficient medium with SAM but not homocysteine reverses the defect in pDC development. l-Methionine has been implicated in maintenance of methylation status in the cell. Based on our observed effect of SAM and zebularine on DC subset development, we sought to clarify the role of DNA methylation in pDC biology. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analysis from the splenic DC subsets identified that pDCs display differentially hypermethylated regions in comparison with classical DC (cDC) subsets, whereas cDC1 and cDC2 exhibited comparable methylated regions, serving as a control in our study. We validated differentially methylated regions in the sorted pDC, CD8α+ cDC1, and CD4+ cDC2 subsets from spleens as well as FL-BMDC cultures. Upon analysis of genes linked with differentially methylated regions, we identified that differential DNA methylation is associated with the MAPK pathway such that its inhibition guides DC development toward the pDC subtype. Overall, our study identifies an important role for methionine in pDC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramya Venkataraman
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Roli Budhwar
- Bionivid Technology Private Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; and
| | - Prafullakumar Tailor
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India;
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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29
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Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST-2) genetic variants influence expression levels and disease outcome in HIV-1 chronically infected patients. Retrovirology 2022; 19:3. [PMID: 35081977 PMCID: PMC8793201 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-022-00588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST-2) also known as Tetherin (CD317/HM1.24), is a host restriction factor that blocks the release of HIV-1 virions from infected cells. Previous studies reported that BST-2 genetic variants or single nucleotide polymorphims (SNPs) have a preventative role during HIV-1 infection. However, the influence of BST-2 SNPs on expression levels remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the influence of BST-2 SNPs on expression levels and disease outcome in HIV-1 subtype C chronically infected antiretroviral therapy naïve individuals. Results We quantified BST-2 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), determined BST-2 protein expression on the surface of CD4+ T cells using flow cytometry and genotyped two intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs919267 and rs919266 together with one SNP rs9576 located in the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of bst-2 gene using TaqMan assays from HIV-1 uninfected and infected participants. Subsequently, we determined the ability of plasma antibody levels to mediate antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) using gp120 consensus C and p24 subtype B/C protein. Fc receptor-mediated NK cell degranulation was evaluated as a surrogate for ADCC activity using plasma from HIV-1 positive participants. BST-2 mRNA expression levels in PBMCs and protein levels on CD4+ T cells were lower in HIV-1 infected compared to uninfected participants (p = 0.075 and p < 0.001, respectively). rs919267CT (p = 0.042) and rs919267TT (p = 0.045) were associated with lower BST-2 mRNA expression levels compared to rs919267CC in HIV-1 uninfected participants. In HIV-1 infected participants, rs919267CT associated with lower CD4 counts, (p = 0.003), gp120-IgG1 (p = 0.040), gp120-IgG3 (p = 0.016) levels but higher viral loads (p = 0.001) while rs919267TT was associated with lower BST-2 mRNA levels (p = 0.046), CD4 counts (p = 0.001), gp120-IgG1 levels (p = 0.033) but higher plasma viral loads (p = 0.007). Conversely, rs9576CA was associated with higher BST-2 mRNA expression levels (p = 0.027), CD4 counts (p = 0.079), gp120-IgG1 (p = 0.009), gp120-IgG3 (p = 0.039) levels but with lower viral loads (p = 0.037). Conclusion Our findings show that bst-2 SNPs mediate BST-2 expression and disease outcome, correlate with gp120-IgG1, gp120-IgG3 levels but not p24-IgG levels, ADCC and ADCP activity. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12977-022-00588-2.
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Bourque J, Hawiger D. Applications of Antibody-Based Antigen Delivery Targeted to Dendritic Cells In Vivo. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11010008. [PMID: 35225867 PMCID: PMC8884005 DOI: 10.3390/antib11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant immunoglobulins, derived from monoclonal antibodies recognizing the defined surface epitopes expressed on dendritic cells, have been employed for the past two decades to deliver antigens to dendritic cells in vivo, serving as critical tools for the investigation of the corresponding T cell responses. These approaches originated with the development of the recombinant chimeric antibody against a multilectin receptor, DEC-205, which is present on subsets of murine and human conventional dendritic cells. Following the widespread application of antigen targeting through DEC-205, similar approaches then utilized other epitopes as entry points for antigens delivered by specific antibodies to multiple types of dendritic cells. Overall, these antigen-delivery methodologies helped to reveal the mechanisms underlying tolerogenic and immunogenic T cell responses orchestrated by dendritic cells. Here, we discuss the relevant experimental strategies as well as their future perspectives, including their translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-314-977-8875; Fax: +1-314-977-8717
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Talker SC, Barut GT, Lischer HE, Rufener R, von Münchow L, Bruggmann R, Summerfield A. Monocyte biology conserved across species: Functional insights from cattle. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889175. [PMID: 35967310 PMCID: PMC9373011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to human monocytes, bovine monocytes can be split into CD14highCD16- classical, CD14highCD16high intermediate and CD14-/dimCD16high nonclassical monocytes (cM, intM, and ncM, respectively). Here, we present an in-depth analysis of their steady-state bulk- and single-cell transcriptomes, highlighting both pronounced functional specializations and transcriptomic relatedness. Bulk gene transcription indicates pro-inflammatory and antibacterial roles of cM, while ncM and intM appear to be specialized in regulatory/anti-inflammatory functions and tissue repair, as well as antiviral responses and T-cell immunomodulation. Notably, intM stood out by high expression of several genes associated with antigen presentation. Anti-inflammatory and antiviral functions of ncM are further supported by dominant oxidative phosphorylation and selective strong responses to TLR7/8 ligands, respectively. Moreover, single-cell RNA-seq revealed previously unappreciated heterogeneity within cM and proposes intM as a transient differentiation intermediate between cM and ncM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C. Talker
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Stephanie C. Talker,
| | - G. Tuba Barut
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heidi E.L. Lischer
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reto Rufener
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Mesenchymal stem cell treatment improves outcome of COVID-19 patients via multiple immunomodulatory mechanisms. Cell Res 2021; 31:1244-1262. [PMID: 34702946 PMCID: PMC8546390 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The infusion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) potentially improves clinical symptoms, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We conducted a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled (29 patients/group) phase II clinical trial to validate previous findings and explore the potential mechanisms. Patients treated with umbilical cord-derived MSCs exhibited a shorter hospital stay (P = 0.0198) and less time required for symptoms remission (P = 0.0194) than those who received placebo. Based on chest images, both severe and critical patients treated with MSCs showed improvement by day 7 (P = 0.0099) and day 21 (P = 0.0084). MSC-treated patients had fewer adverse events. MSC infusion reduced the levels of C-reactive protein, proinflammatory cytokines, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and promoted the maintenance of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. To explore how MSCs modulate the immune system, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on peripheral blood. Our analysis identified a novel subpopulation of VNN2+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor-like (HSPC-like) cells expressing CSF3R and PTPRE that were mobilized following MSC infusion. Genes encoding chemotaxis factors - CX3CR1 and L-selectin - were upregulated in various immune cells. MSC treatment also regulated B cell subsets and increased the expression of costimulatory CD28 in T cells in vivo and in vitro. In addition, an in vivo mouse study confirmed that MSCs suppressed NET release and reduced venous thrombosis by upregulating kindlin-3 signaling. Together, our results underscore the role of MSCs in improving COVID-19 patient outcomes via maintenance of immune homeostasis.
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Russo C, Morello G, Malaguarnera R, Piro S, Furno DL, Malaguarnera L. Candidate genes of SARS-CoV-2 gender susceptibility. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21968. [PMID: 34753980 PMCID: PMC8578384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) initiated a global viral pandemic since late 2019. Understanding that Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) disproportionately affects men than women results in great challenges. Although there is a growing body of published study on this topic, effective explanations underlying these sex differences and their effects on the infection outcome still remain uncertain. We applied a holistic bioinformatics method to investigate molecular variations of known SARS-CoV-2 interacting human proteins mainly expressed in gonadal tissues (testis and ovary), allowing for the identification of potential genetic targets for this infection. Functional enrichment and interaction network analyses were also performed to better investigate the biological differences between testicular and ovarian responses in the SARS-CoV-2 infection, paying particular attention to genes linked to immune-related pathways, reactions of host cells after intracellular infection, steroid hormone biosynthesis, receptor signaling, and the complement cascade, in order to evaluate their potential association with sexual difference in the likelihood of infection and severity of symptoms. The analysis revealed that within the testis network TMPRSS2, ADAM10, SERPING1, and CCR5 were present, while within the ovary network we found BST2, GATA1, ENPEP, TLR4, TLR7, IRF1, and IRF2. Our findings could provide potential targets for forthcoming experimental investigation related to SARS-CoV-2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanna Morello
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Catania, Italy.
| | | | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Abdallah F, Coindre S, Gardet M, Meurisse F, Naji A, Suganuma N, Abi-Rached L, Lambotte O, Favier B. Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors in Regulating the Immune Response in Infectious Diseases: A Window of Opportunity to Pathogen Persistence and a Sound Target in Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2021; 12:717998. [PMID: 34594332 PMCID: PMC8478328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoregulatory receptors are essential for orchestrating an immune response as well as appropriate inflammation in infectious and non-communicable diseases. Among them, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs) consist of activating and inhibitory receptors that play an important role in regulating immune responses modulating the course of disease progression. On the one hand, inhibitory LILRs constitute a safe-guard system that mitigates the inflammatory response, allowing a prompt return to immune homeostasis. On the other hand, because of their unique capacity to attenuate immune responses, pathogens use inhibitory LILRs to evade immune recognition, thus facilitating their persistence within the host. Conversely, the engagement of activating LILRs triggers immune responses and the production of inflammatory mediators to fight microbes. However, their heightened activation could lead to an exacerbated immune response and persistent inflammation with major consequences on disease outcome and autoimmune disorders. Here, we review the genetic organisation, structure and ligands of LILRs as well as their role in regulating the immune response and inflammation. We also discuss the LILR-based strategies that pathogens use to evade immune responses. A better understanding of the contribution of LILRs to host-pathogen interactions is essential to define appropriate treatments to counteract the severity and/or persistence of pathogens in acute and chronic infectious diseases lacking efficient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Abdallah
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sixtine Coindre
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Margaux Gardet
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Florian Meurisse
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Abderrahim Naji
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku-City, Japan
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku-City, Japan
| | - Laurent Abi-Rached
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Mediterranean Infection, SNC5039 CNRS, Marseille, France.,SNC5039 CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Public-Hospital Assistance of Paris, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Paris-Saclay University Hospital Group, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Benoit Favier
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Wilson NR, Bover L, Konopleva M, Han L, Neelapu S, Pemmaraju N. CD303 (BDCA-2) - a potential novel target for therapy in hematologic malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:19-30. [PMID: 34486917 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1975192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) serve as immunoregulatory antigen-presenting cells that play a role in various inflammatory, viral, and malignant conditions. Malignant proliferation of pDCs is implicated in the pathogenesis of certain hematologic cancers, specifically blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) and acute myelogenous leukemia with clonal expansion of pDC (pDC-AML). In recent years, BPDCN and pDC-AML have been successfully treated with targeted therapy of pDC-specific surface marker, CD123. However, relapsed and refractory BPDCN remains an elusive cancer, with limited therapeutic options. CD303 is another specific surface marker of human pDCs, centrally involved in antigen presentation and immune tolerance. Monoclonal antibodies directed against CD303 have been studied in preclinical models and have achieved disease control in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. We performed a comprehensive review of benign and malignant disorders in which CD303 have been studied, as there may be a potential future CD303-directed therapy for many of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Bover
- Departments of Genomic Medicine and Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lina Han
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sattva Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Bencze D, Fekete T, Pázmándi K. Type I Interferon Production of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells under Control. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084190. [PMID: 33919546 PMCID: PMC8072550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most powerful and multifaceted cytokines produced by immune cells are type I interferons (IFNs), the basal secretion of which contributes to the maintenance of immune homeostasis, while their activation-induced production is essential to effective immune responses. Although, each cell is capable of producing type I IFNs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) possess a unique ability to rapidly produce large amounts of them. Importantly, type I IFNs have a prominent role in the pathomechanism of various pDC-associated diseases. Deficiency in type I IFN production increases the risk of more severe viral infections and the development of certain allergic reactions, and supports tumor resistance; nevertheless, its overproduction promotes autoimmune reactions. Therefore, the tight regulation of type I IFN responses of pDCs is essential to maintain an adequate level of immune response without causing adverse effects. Here, our goal was to summarize those endogenous factors that can influence the type I IFN responses of pDCs, and thus might serve as possible therapeutic targets in pDC-associated diseases. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the current therapeutic approaches targeting the pDC-type I IFN axis in viral infections, cancer, autoimmunity, and allergy, together with their limitations defined by the Janus-faced nature of pDC-derived type I IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Bencze
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.B.); (T.F.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Fekete
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Kitti Pázmándi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.B.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +36-52-417-159
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Manouchehri N, Hussain RZ, Cravens PD, Esaulova E, Artyomov MN, Edelson BT, Wu GF, Cross AH, Doelger R, Loof N, Eagar TN, Forsthuber TG, Calvier L, Herz J, Stüve O. CD11c +CD88 +CD317 + myeloid cells are critical mediators of persistent CNS autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2014492118. [PMID: 33785592 PMCID: PMC8040603 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014492118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) against α4-integrin, reduces the number of dendritic cells (DC) in cerebral perivascular spaces in multiple sclerosis (MS). Selective deletion of α4-integrin in CD11c+ cells should curtail their migration to the central nervous system (CNS) and ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We generated CD11c.Cre+/-ITGA4fl/fl C57BL/6 mice to selectively delete α4-integrin in CD11c+ cells. Active immunization and adoptive transfer EAE models were employed and compared with WT controls. Multiparameter flow cytometry was utilized to immunophenotype leukocyte subsets. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to profile individual cells. α4-Integrin expression by CD11c+ cells was significantly reduced in primary and secondary lymphoid organs in CD11c.Cre+/-ITGA4fl/fl mice. In active EAE, a delayed disease onset was observed in CD11c.Cre+/-ITGA4fl/fl mice, during which CD11c+CD88+ cells were sequestered in the blood. Upon clinical EAE onset, CD11c+CD88+ cells appeared in the CNS and expressed CD317+ In adoptive transfer experiments, CD11c.Cre+/-ITGA4fl/fl mice had ameliorated clinical disease phenotype associated with significantly diminished numbers of CNS CD11c+CD88+CD317+ cells. In human cerebrospinal fluid from subjects with neuroinflammation, microglia-like cells display coincident expression of ITGAX (CD11c), C5AR1 (CD88), and BST2 (CD317). In mice, we show that only activated, but not naïve microglia expressed CD11c, CD88, and CD317. Finally, anti-CD317 treatment prior to clinical EAE substantially enhanced recovery in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Manouchehri
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Rehana Z Hussain
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Petra D Cravens
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Ekaterina Esaulova
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Gregory F Wu
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Richard Doelger
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Nicolas Loof
- The Moody Foundation Flow Cytometry Facility, Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Todd N Eagar
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Thomas G Forsthuber
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249
| | - Laurent Calvier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroanatomy, Albert-Ludwigs University, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390;
- Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216
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Gaurav R, Mikuls TR, Thiele GM, Nelson AJ, Niu M, Guda C, Eudy JD, Barry AE, Wyatt TA, Romberger DJ, Duryee MJ, England BR, Poole JA. High-throughput analysis of lung immune cells in a combined murine model of agriculture dust-triggered airway inflammation with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0240707. [PMID: 33577605 PMCID: PMC7880471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated lung disease is a leading cause of mortality in RA, yet the mechanisms linking lung disease and RA remain unknown. Using an established murine model of RA-associated lung disease combining collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) with organic dust extract (ODE)-induced airway inflammation, differences among lung immune cell populations were analyzed by single cell RNA-sequencing. Additionally, four lung myeloid-derived immune cell populations including macrophages, monocytes/macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils were isolated by fluorescence cell sorting and gene expression was determined by NanoString analysis. Unsupervised clustering revealed 14 discrete clusters among Sham, CIA, ODE, and CIA+ODE treatment groups: 3 neutrophils (inflammatory, resident/transitional, autoreactive/suppressor), 5 macrophages (airspace, differentiating/recruited, recruited, resident/interstitial, and proliferative airspace), 2 T-cells (differentiating and effector), and a single cluster each of inflammatory monocytes, dendritic cells, B-cells and natural killer cells. Inflammatory monocytes, autoreactive/suppressor neutrophils, and recruited/differentiating macrophages were predominant with arthritis induction (CIA and CIA+ODE). By specific lung cell isolation, several interferon-related and autoimmune genes were disproportionately expressed among CIA and CIA+ODE (e.g. Oasl1, Oas2, Ifit3, Gbp2, Ifi44, and Zbp1), corresponding to RA and RA-associated lung disease. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells were reduced, while complement genes (e.g. C1s1 and Cfb) were uniquely increased in CIA+ODE mice across cell populations. Recruited and inflammatory macrophages/monocytes and neutrophils expressing interferon-, autoimmune-, and complement-related genes might contribute towards pro-fibrotic inflammatory lung responses following airborne biohazard exposures in setting of autoimmune arthritis and could be predictive and/or targeted to reduce disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gaurav
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ted R. Mikuls
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey M. Thiele
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Amy J. Nelson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Meng Niu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - James D. Eudy
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Austin E. Barry
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Todd A. Wyatt
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Debra J. Romberger
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Duryee
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Bryant R. England
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Jill A. Poole
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
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Rosén A, Bergh AC, Gogok P, Evaldsson C, Myhrinder AL, Hellqvist E, Rasul A, Björkholm M, Jansson M, Mansouri L, Liu A, Teh BT, Rosenquist R, Klein E. Lymphoblastoid cell line with B1 cell characteristics established from a chronic lymphocytic leukemia clone by in vitro EBV infection. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:18-27. [PMID: 22720208 PMCID: PMC3376971 DOI: 10.4161/onci.1.1.18400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells express the receptor for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and can be infected in vitro. Infected cells do not express the growth-promoting set of EBV-encoded genes and therefore they do not yield LCLs, in most experiments. With exceptional clones, lines were obtained however. We describe a new line, HG3, established by in vitro EBV-infection from an IGHV1–2 unmutated CLL patient clone. All cells expressed EBNA-2 and LMP-1, the EBV-encoded genes pivotal for transformation. The karyotype, FISH cytogenetics and SNP-array profile of the line and the patient's ex vivo clone showed biallelic 13q14 deletions with genomic loss of DLEU7, miR15a/miR16–1, the two micro-RNAs that are deleted in 50% of CLL cases. Further features of CLL cells were: expression of CD5/CD20/CD27/CD43 and release of IgM natural antibodies reacting with oxLDL-like epitopes on apoptotic cells (cf. stereotyped subset-1). Comparison with two LCLs established from normal B cells showed 32 genes expressed at higher levels (> 2-fold). Among these were LHX2 and LILRA. These genes may play a role in the development of the disease. LHX2 expression was shown in self-renewing multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, and LILRA4 codes for a receptor for bone marrow stromal cell antigen-2 that contributes to B cell development. Twenty-four genes were expressed at lower levels, among these PARD3 that is essential for asymmetric cell division. These genes may contribute to establish precursors of CLL clones by regulation of cellular phenotype in the hematopoietic compartment. Expression of CD5/CD20/CD27/CD43 and spontaneous production of natural antibodies may identify the CLL cell as a self-renewing B1 lymphocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Rosén
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Division of Cell Biology; Linköping University; Linköping, Sweden
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40
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Sha S, Pearson JA, Peng J, Hu Y, Huang J, Xing Y, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Zhao H, Wong FS, Chen L, Wen L. TLR9 Deficiency in B Cells Promotes Immune Tolerance via Interleukin-10 in a Type 1 Diabetes Mouse Model. Diabetes 2021; 70:504-515. [PMID: 33154070 PMCID: PMC7881860 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is highly expressed in B cells, and B cells are important in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. However, the intrinsic effect of TLR9 in B cells on β-cell autoimmunity is not known. To fill this knowledge gap, we generated NOD mice with a B-cell-specific deficiency of TLR9 (TLR9fl/fl/CD19-Cre+ NOD). The B-cell-specific deletion of TLR9 resulted in near-complete protection from T1D development. Diabetes protection was accompanied by an increased proportion of interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing B cells. We also found that TLR9-deficient B cells were hyporesponsive to both innate and adaptive immune stimuli. This suggested that TLR9 in B cells modulates T1D susceptibility in NOD mice by changing the frequency and function of IL-10-producing B cells. Molecular analysis revealed a network of TLR9 with matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and CD40, all of which are interconnected with IL-10. Our study has highlighted an important connection of an innate immune molecule in B cells to the immunopathogenesis of T1D. Thus, targeting the TLR9 pathway, specifically in B cells, may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for T1D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sha
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - James A Pearson
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Jian Peng
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Youjia Hu
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Juan Huang
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Yanpeng Xing
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - F Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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Hirayasu K, Sun J, Hasegawa G, Hashikawa Y, Hosomichi K, Tajima A, Tokunaga K, Ohashi J, Hanayama R. Characterization of LILRB3 and LILRA6 allelic variants in the Japanese population. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:739-748. [PMID: 33526815 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (LILRs) are encoded by members of a human multigene family, comprising 11 protein-coding genes and two pseudogenes. Among the LILRs, LILRB3 and LILRA6 show the highest homology with each other, along with high allelic and copy number variations. Therefore, it has been difficult to discriminate between them, both genetically and functionally, precluding disease association studies of LILRB3 and LILRA6. In this study, we carefully performed variant screening of LILRB3 and LILRA6 by cDNA cloning from Japanese individuals and identified four allelic lineages showing significantly high non-synonymous-to-synonymous ratios in pairwise comparisons. Furthermore, the extracellular domains of the LILRB3*JP6 and LILRA6*JP1 alleles were identical at the DNA level, suggesting that gene conversion-like events diversified LILRB3 and LILRA6. To determine the four allelic lineages from genomic DNA, we established a lineage typing method that accurately estimated the four allelic lineages in addition to specific common alleles from genomic DNA. Analysis of LILRA6 copy number variation revealed one, two, and three copies of LILRA6 in the Japanese-in-Tokyo (JPT) population. Flow cytometric analysis showed that an anti-LILRB3 antibody did not recognize the second most common lineage in the Japanese population, indicating significant amino acid differences across the allelic lineages. Taken together, our findings indicate that our lineage typing is useful for classifying the lineage-specific functions of LILRB3 and LILRA6, serving as the basis for disease association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouyuki Hirayasu
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan. .,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Jinwen Sun
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Gen Hasegawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Hashikawa
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Ohashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rikinari Hanayama
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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42
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Cheng J, Liu Z, Deng T, Lu Z, Liu M, Lu X, Adeshakin FO, Yan D, Zhang G, Wan X. CD317 mediates immunocytolysis resistance by RICH2/cytoskeleton-dependent membrane protection. Mol Immunol 2020; 129:94-102. [PMID: 33223223 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune evasion is a common hallmark of cancers. Immunotherapies that aim at restoring or increasing the immune response against cancers have revolutionized outcomes for patients, but the mechanisms of resistance remain poorly defined. Here, we report that CD317, a surface molecule with a unique topology that is double anchored into the membrane, protects tumor cells from immunocytolysis. CD317 knockdown in tumor cells renders more severe death in response to NK or chimeric antigen receptor-modified NK cells challenge. Such effects of CD317 silencing might be the results of increasing sensitivity of tumor cells to immune killing rather than strengthening immune response, since neither effector-target cell contact nor the activation of effector cells was affected, and the enhanced cytolysis was also not counteracted by the addition of recombinant CD317 proteins. Mechanistically, CD317 might endow tumor cells with more flexibility to modulate cytoskeleton through its association with RICH2, thereby protects membrane integrity against perforin and consequently promotes survival in response to immunocytolysis. These results reveal a new mechanism of immunocytolysis resistance and suggest CD317 as an attractive target which can be exploited for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Guangdong immune cell therapy engineering and technology research center (No. 2580 [2018]), PR China
| | - Tian Deng
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Guangdong immune cell therapy engineering and technology research center (No. 2580 [2018]), PR China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Maoxuan Liu
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Guangdong immune cell therapy engineering and technology research center (No. 2580 [2018]), PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Lu
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Funmilayo Oladunni Adeshakin
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Dehong Yan
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Guangdong immune cell therapy engineering and technology research center (No. 2580 [2018]), PR China
| | - Guizhong Zhang
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Guangdong immune cell therapy engineering and technology research center (No. 2580 [2018]), PR China.
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Guangdong immune cell therapy engineering and technology research center (No. 2580 [2018]), PR China; Shenzhen BinDeBioTech Co., Ltd., Floor 5, Building 6, Tongfuyu Industrial City, Xili, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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43
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Xi Y, Upham JW. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and asthma: a review of current knowledge. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:1095-1106. [PMID: 32726181 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1803741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While medications are available to treat asthma symptoms and control inflammation, no treatments can cure asthma, and efforts to develop primary prevention strategies or improved exacerbation management are limited by incomplete knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for asthma development and progression. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are involved in anti-viral host defense and immune regulation, and increasing evidence suggests a role for pDC in asthma pathogenesis. AREAS COVERED We undertook a literature search using PubMed for articles including the phrase 'plasmacytoid dendritic cells and asthma' published from 2015 to 2020. We reviewed the remarkable progress made over the past 5 years in understanding the role of pDC in asthma pathogenesis and how pDC regulate anti-viral immune function. This review highlights key recent findings in asthma pathogenesis and virus-triggered asthma exacerbations; pDC biology and functionality; how pDC regulate the immune response; and pDC function in asthma. EXPERT OPTION A deeper understanding of pDC function provides an important foundation for future pDC-targeted therapies that might prevent and treat asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xi
- The Lung and Allergy Research Centre, the University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John W Upham
- The Lung and Allergy Research Centre, the University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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44
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Dendritic cell therapy in cancer treatment; the state-of-the-art. Life Sci 2020; 254:117580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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45
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Monti M, Vescovi R, Consoli F, Farina D, Moratto D, Berruti A, Specchia C, Vermi W. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Impairment in Metastatic Melanoma by Lactic Acidosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082085. [PMID: 32731406 PMCID: PMC7463681 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of targeted therapies and immunotherapies has significantly improved the outcome of metastatic melanoma (MM) patients. These approaches rely on immune functions for their anti-melanoma response. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) exhibit anti-tumor function by production of effector molecules, type I interferons (I-IFNs), and cytokines. Tissue and blood pDCs result compromised in MM, although these findings are still partially conflicting. This study reports that blood pDCs were dramatically depleted in MM, particularly in patients with high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and high tumor burden; the reduced pDC frequency was associated with poor overall survival. Circulating pDCs resulted also in significant impairment in interferon alpha (IFN-α) and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) production in response to toll-like receptor (TLR)-7/8 agonists; on the contrary, the response to TLR-9 agonist remained intact. In the BRAFV600+ subgroup, no recovery of pDC frequency could be obtained by BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi; MEKi), whereas their function was partially rescued. Mechanistically, in vitro exposure to lactic acidosis impaired both pDC viability and function. In conclusion, pDCs from MM patients were found to be severely impaired, with a potential role for lactic acidosis. Short-term responses to treatments were not associated with pDC recovery, suggesting long-lasting effects on their compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Raffaella Vescovi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Francesca Consoli
- Oncology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Davide Farina
- Radiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Daniele Moratto
- Laboratory of Genetic Disorders of Childhood, Angelo Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Oncology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Claudia Specchia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (C.S.)
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (C.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63101, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-399-8425
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Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. An unbalanced immune response, characterized by a weak production of type I interferons (IFN-Is) and an exacerbated release of proinflammatory cytokines, contributes to the severe forms of the disease. SARS-CoV-2 is genetically related to SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which caused outbreaks in 2003 and 2013, respectively. Although IFN treatment gave some encouraging results against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in animal models, its potential as a therapeutic against COVID-19 awaits validation. Here, we describe our current knowledge of the complex interplay between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the IFN system, highlighting some of the gaps that need to be filled for a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition to the conserved IFN evasion strategies that are likely shared with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, novel counteraction mechanisms are being discovered in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Since the last coronavirus epidemic, we have made considerable progress in understanding the IFN-I response, including its spatiotemporal regulation and the prominent role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which are the main IFN-I-producing cells. While awaiting the results of the many clinical trials that are evaluating the efficacy of IFN-I alone or in combination with antiviral molecules, we discuss the potential benefits of a well-timed IFN-I treatment and propose strategies to boost pDC-mediated IFN responses during the early stages of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Sa Ribero
- CIRI, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Marlène Dreux
- CIRI, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Nisole
- IRIM, CNRS UMR9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Lewis Marffy AL, McCarthy AJ. Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (LILRs) on Human Neutrophils: Modulators of Infection and Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:857. [PMID: 32477348 PMCID: PMC7237751 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have a crucial role in defense against microbes. Immune receptors allow neutrophils to sense their environment, with many receptors functioning to recognize signs of infection and to promote antimicrobial effector functions. However, the neutrophil response must be tightly regulated to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue damage, and regulation is achieved by expression of inhibitory receptors that can raise activation thresholds. The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) family contain activating and inhibitory members that can up- or down-regulate immune cell activity. New ligands and functions for LILR continue to emerge. Understanding the role of LILR in neutrophil biology is of general interest as they can activate and suppress antimicrobial responses of neutrophils and because several human pathogens exploit these receptors for immune evasion. This review focuses on the role of LILR in neutrophil biology. We focus on the current knowledge of LILR expression on neutrophils, the known functions of LILR on neutrophils, and how these receptors may contribute to shaping neutrophil responses during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Lewis Marffy
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex J McCarthy
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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48
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Monti M, Consoli F, Vescovi R, Bugatti M, Vermi W. Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Cutaneous Melanoma. Cells 2020; 9:E417. [PMID: 32054102 PMCID: PMC7072514 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of metastatic melanoma (MM) patients has remained poor for a long time. However, the recent introduction of effective target therapies (BRAF and MEK inhibitors for BRAFV600-mutated MM) and immunotherapies (anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1) has significantly improved the survival of MM patients. Notably, all these responses are highly dependent on the fitness of the host immune system, including the innate compartment. Among immune cells involved in cancer immunity, properly activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) exert an important role, bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses and directly eliminating cancer cells. A distinctive feature of pDCs is the production of high amount of type I Interferon (I-IFN), through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and 9 signaling pathway activation. However, published data indicate that melanoma-associated escape mechanisms are in place to hijack pDC functions. We have recently reported that pDC recruitment is recurrent in the early phases of melanoma, but the entire pDC compartment collapses over melanoma progression. Here, we summarize recent advances on pDC biology and function within the context of melanoma immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Francesca Consoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia at ASST-Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Vescovi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Dewald HK, Hurley HJ, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P. Regulation of Transcription Factor E2-2 in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells by Monocyte-Derived TNFα. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020162. [PMID: 32023836 PMCID: PMC7077321 DOI: 10.3390/v12020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are innate immune cells and potent producers of interferon alpha (IFNα). Regulation of pDCs is crucial for prevention of aberrant IFN production. Transcription factor E2-2 (TCF4) regulates pDC development and function, but mechanisms of E2-2 control have not been investigated. We used freshly-isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with toll-like receptor 7, 9, and 4 agonists to determine which factors regulate E2-2. After activation, pDCs decreased E2-2 expression. E2-2 downregulation occurred during the upregulation of costimulatory markers, after maximal IFN production. In congruence with previous reports in mice, we found that primary human pDCs that maintained high E2-2 levels produced more IFN, and had less expression of costimulatory markers. Stimulation of purified pDCs did not lead to E2-2 downregulation; therefore, we investigated if cytokine signaling regulates E2-2 expression. We found that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) produced by monocytes caused decreased E2-2 expression. All together, we established that primary human pDCs decrease E2-2 in response to TNFα and E2-2 low pDCs produce less IFN but exhibit more costimulatory molecules. Altered expression of E2-2 may represent a mechanism to attenuate IFN production and increase activation of the adaptive immune compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K. Dewald
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (H.K.D.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Harry J. Hurley
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (H.K.D.); (H.J.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Patricia Fitzgerald-Bocarsly
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (H.K.D.); (H.J.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-973-972-5233
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50
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Kohli K, Pillarisetty VG. Dendritic Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1273:29-38. [PMID: 33119874 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49270-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system. They capture foreign antigens and can present them to lymphocytes, that is, T cells and B cells, to activate them. DCs are the most potent of all immune cells at inducing the adaptive immune system. Thus, the presence of DCs at the anatomical site of the immune challenge is imperative for the immune system to mount an effective immune response. From the anatomical site of the immune challenge, DCs cargo antigens to the draining lymph nodes, specialized immune organs where adaptive immunity is generated. DCs are heterogeneous as a type of immune cell, and various subsets of DCs have been reported and their functions described. In this chapter, we discuss various aspects of DC development and function. We further discuss how various tumor microenvironments can affect DC development, function, and migration, thus evading a strong adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Kohli
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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