1
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Song Q, Fan Y, Zhang H, Wang N. Z-DNA binding protein 1 orchestrates innate immunity and inflammatory cell death. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 77:15-29. [PMID: 38548490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Innate immunity is not only the first line of host defense against microbial infections but is also crucial for the host responses against a variety of noxious stimuli. Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) is a cytosolic nucleic acid sensor that can induce inflammatory cell death in both immune and nonimmune cells upon sensing of incursive virus-derived Z-form nucleic acids and self-nucleic acids via its Zα domain. Mechanistically, aberrantly expressed or activated ZBP1 induced by pathogens or noxious stimuli enables recruitment of TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3 to drive type I interferon (IFN-I) responses and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Meanwhile, ZBP1 promotes the assembly of ZBP1- and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)-PANoptosome, which ultimately triggers PANoptosis through caspase 3-mediated apoptosis, mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL)-mediated necroptosis, and gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis. In response to damaged mitochondrial DNA, ZBP1 can interact with cyclic GMP-AMP synthase to augment IFN-I responses but inhibits toll like receptor 9-mediated inflammatory responses. This review summarizes the structure and expression pattern of ZBP1, discusses its roles in human diseases through immune-dependent (e.g., the production of IFN-I and pro-inflammatory cytokines) and -independent (e.g., the activation of cell death) functions, and highlights the attractive prospect of manipulating ZBP1 as a promising therapeutic target in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiang Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yuhang Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China.
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2
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Oltean T, Maelfait J, Saelens X, Vandenabeele P. Need for standardization of Influenza A virus-induced cell death in vivo to improve consistency of inter-laboratory research findings. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:247. [PMID: 38778049 PMCID: PMC11111761 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01981-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of necroptosis in the control of influenza A virus (IAV) infection has been reported in multiple studies. Downstream of the nucleic acid sensor ZBP1, RIPK3 kinase activity is critically involved in the induction of necroptotic cell death by phosphorylating MLKL, while RIPK3 as a scaffold can induce apoptosis. Paradoxically, RIPK3-deficiency of mice may result in increased or decreased susceptibility to IAV infection. Here, we critically review the published reports on the involvement of RIPK3 in IAV infection susceptibility and try to identify differences in experimental settings that could explain seemingly conflicting outcomes. Analysis of the experimental reports revealed differences in the IAV challenge dose, the IAV inoculum preparation, IAV titer assessment, as well as the route of inoculation between studies. Furthermore, differences were noticed in the inclusion of littermate controls, which show high variance in viral sensitivity. Our evaluation argues for a standardized setup for IAV infection experiments including the preparation of the IAV virus, the use of different IAV infectious doses description and the proper experimental genetic controls of the mouse strains to increase inter-laboratory consistency in this field. Workflow for IAV infection studies in vivo: Viral preparation and titer assessment should be as standardized as possible with the use of a universal repository (such as BEI resources). Infection studies in genetically modified mice and littermate controls should include dose-response experimentation, following a defined infection route and inoculation volume. Data are generated by consistent analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Oltean
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Maelfait
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Kim S, Lee D, Kim SE, Overholtzer M. Entosis: the core mechanism and crosstalk with other cell death programs. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:870-876. [PMID: 38565900 PMCID: PMC11059358 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01227-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell death pathways play critical roles in organism development and homeostasis as well as in the pathogenesis of various diseases. While studies over the last decade have elucidated numerous different forms of cell death that can eliminate cells in various contexts, how certain mechanisms impact physiology is still not well understood. Moreover, recent studies have shown that multiple forms cell death can occur in a cell population, with different forms of death eliminating individual cells. Here, we aim to describe the known molecular mechanisms of entosis, a non-apoptotic cell engulfment process, and discuss signaling mechanisms that control its induction as well as its possible crosstalk with other cell death mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- L-HOPE Program for Community-Based Total Learning Health Systems, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- L-HOPE Program for Community-Based Total Learning Health Systems, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Michael Overholtzer
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA.
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Gautam A, Boyd DF, Nikhar S, Zhang T, Siokas I, Van de Velde LA, Gaevert J, Meliopoulos V, Thapa B, Rodriguez DA, Cai KQ, Yin C, Schnepf D, Beer J, DeAntoneo C, Williams RM, Shubina M, Livingston B, Zhang D, Andrake MD, Lee S, Boda R, Duddupudi AL, Crawford JC, Vogel P, Loch C, Schwemmle M, Fritz LC, Schultz-Cherry S, Green DR, Cuny GD, Thomas PG, Degterev A, Balachandran S. Necroptosis blockade prevents lung injury in severe influenza. Nature 2024; 628:835-843. [PMID: 38600381 PMCID: PMC11151938 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Severe influenza A virus (IAV) infections can result in hyper-inflammation, lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome1-5 (ARDS), for which there are no effective pharmacological therapies. Necroptosis is an attractive entry point for therapeutic intervention in ARDS and related inflammatory conditions because it drives pathogenic lung inflammation and lethality during severe IAV infection6-8 and can potentially be targeted by receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) inhibitors. Here we show that a newly developed RIPK3 inhibitor, UH15-38, potently and selectively blocked IAV-triggered necroptosis in alveolar epithelial cells in vivo. UH15-38 ameliorated lung inflammation and prevented mortality following infection with laboratory-adapted and pandemic strains of IAV, without compromising antiviral adaptive immune responses or impeding viral clearance. UH15-38 displayed robust therapeutic efficacy even when administered late in the course of infection, suggesting that RIPK3 blockade may provide clinical benefit in patients with IAV-driven ARDS and other hyper-inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishekh Gautam
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David F Boyd
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sameer Nikhar
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ioannis Siokas
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee-Ann Van de Velde
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jessica Gaevert
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Victoria Meliopoulos
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bikash Thapa
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diego A Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chaoran Yin
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julius Beer
- Institute of Virology Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carly DeAntoneo
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Riley M Williams
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Shubina
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brandi Livingston
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dingqiang Zhang
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark D Andrake
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raghavender Boda
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anantha L Duddupudi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy Chase Crawford
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gregory D Cuny
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Alexei Degterev
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Wu K, Li B, Zhang X, Fang Y, Zeng S, Hu W, Liu X, Liu X, Lu Z, Li X, Chen W, Qin Y, Zhou B, Zou L, Zhao F, Yi L, Zhao M, Fan S, Chen J. CSFV restricts necroptosis to sustain infection by inducing autophagy/mitophagy-targeted degradation of RIPK3. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0275823. [PMID: 38100396 PMCID: PMC10782971 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02758-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE CSFV infection in pigs causes persistent high fever, hemorrhagic necrotizing multi-organ inflammation, and high mortality, which seriously threatens the global swine industry. Cell death is an essential immune response of the host against pathogen invasion, and lymphopenia is the most typical clinical feature in the acute phase of CSFV infection, which affects the initial host antiviral immunity. As an "old" virus, CSFV has evolved mechanisms to evade host immune response after a long genetic evolution. Here, we show that necroptosis is a limiting host factor for CSFV infection and that CSFV-induced autophagy can subvert this host defense mechanism to promote its sustained replication. Our findings reveal a complex link between necroptosis and autophagy in the process of cell death, provide evidence supporting the important role for CSFV in counteracting host cell necrosis, and enrich our knowledge of pathogens that may subvert and evade this host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding industry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding industry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoai Zhang
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding industry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenshuo Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolun Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linke Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding industry, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding industry, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding industry, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding industry, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Mei X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Wang H, Chen R, Ma K, Yang Y, Jiang P, Feng Z, Zhang C, Zhang Z. Necroptosis in Pneumonia: Therapeutic Strategies and Future Perspectives. Viruses 2024; 16:94. [PMID: 38257794 PMCID: PMC10818625 DOI: 10.3390/v16010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia remains a major global health challenge, necessitating the development of effective therapeutic approaches. Recently, necroptosis, a regulated form of cell death, has garnered attention in the fields of pharmacology and immunology for its role in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. Characterized by cell death and inflammatory responses, necroptosis is a key mechanism contributing to tissue damage and immune dysregulation in various diseases, including pneumonia. This review comprehensively analyzes the role of necroptosis in pneumonia and explores potential pharmacological interventions targeting this cell death pathway. Moreover, we highlight the intricate interplay between necroptosis and immune responses in pneumonia, revealing a bidirectional relationship between necrotic cell death and inflammatory signaling. Importantly, we assess current therapeutic strategies modulating necroptosis, encompassing synthetic inhibitors, natural products, and other drugs targeting key components of the programmed necrosis pathway. The article also discusses challenges and future directions in targeting programmed necrosis for pneumonia treatment, proposing novel therapeutic strategies that combine antibiotics with necroptosis inhibitors. This review underscores the importance of understanding necroptosis in pneumonia and highlights the potential of pharmacological interventions to mitigate tissue damage and restore immune homeostasis in this devastating respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Mei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
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7
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Meng Y, Garnish SE, Davies KA, Black KA, Leis AP, Horne CR, Hildebrand JM, Hoblos H, Fitzgibbon C, Young SN, Dite T, Dagley LF, Venkat A, Kannan N, Koide A, Koide S, Glukhova A, Czabotar PE, Murphy JM. Phosphorylation-dependent pseudokinase domain dimerization drives full-length MLKL oligomerization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6804. [PMID: 37884510 PMCID: PMC10603135 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The necroptosis pathway is a lytic, pro-inflammatory mode of cell death that is widely implicated in human disease, including renal, pulmonary, gut and skin inflammatory pathologies. The precise mechanism of the terminal steps in the pathway, where the RIPK3 kinase phosphorylates and triggers a conformation change and oligomerization of the terminal pathway effector, MLKL, are only emerging. Here, we structurally identify RIPK3-mediated phosphorylation of the human MLKL activation loop as a cue for MLKL pseudokinase domain dimerization. MLKL pseudokinase domain dimerization subsequently drives formation of elongated homotetramers. Negative stain electron microscopy and modelling support nucleation of the MLKL tetramer assembly by a central coiled coil formed by the extended, ~80 Å brace helix that connects the pseudokinase and executioner four-helix bundle domains. Mutational data assert MLKL tetramerization as an essential prerequisite step to enable the release and reorganization of four-helix bundle domains for membrane permeabilization and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Meng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah E Garnish
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katherine A Davies
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katrina A Black
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew P Leis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Hanadi Hoblos
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Toby Dite
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Laura F Dagley
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Aarya Venkat
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Akiko Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Shohei Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alisa Glukhova
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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8
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Malireddi RKS, Sharma BR, Bynigeri RR, Wang Y, Lu J, Kanneganti TD. ZBP1 Drives IAV-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Lytic Cell Death, PANoptosis, Independent of the Necroptosis Executioner MLKL. Viruses 2023; 15:2141. [PMID: 38005819 PMCID: PMC10674287 DOI: 10.3390/v15112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) continues to pose a significant global health threat, causing severe respiratory infections that result in substantial annual morbidity and mortality. Recent research highlights the pivotal role of innate immunity, cell death, and inflammation in exacerbating the severity of respiratory viral diseases. One key molecule in this process is ZBP1, a well-recognized innate immune sensor for IAV infection. Upon activation, ZBP1 triggers the formation of a PANoptosome complex containing ASC, caspase-8, and RIPK3, among other molecules, leading to inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation for the maturation of IL-1β and IL-18. However, the role for other molecules in this process requires further evaluation. In this study, we investigated the role of MLKL in regulating IAV-induced cell death and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our data indicate IAV induced inflammatory cell death through the ZBP1-PANoptosome, where caspases and RIPKs serve as core components. However, IAV-induced lytic cell death was only partially dependent on RIPK3 at later timepoints and was fully independent of MLKL throughout all timepoints tested. Additionally, NLRP3 inflammasome activation was unaffected in MLKL-deficient cells, establishing that MLKL and MLKL-dependent necroptosis do not act upstream of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, IL-1β maturation, and lytic cell death during IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Subbarao Malireddi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Bhesh Raj Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ratnakar R Bynigeri
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yaqiu Wang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jianlin Lu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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9
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Liu H, Fan W, Fan B. Necroptosis in apical periodontitis: A programmed cell death with multiple roles. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1964-1981. [PMID: 37431828 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) has been a research focus for decades and different mechanisms of cell death, such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis have been discovered. Necroptosis, a form of inflammatory PCD, has gained increasing attention in recent years due to its critical role in disease progression and development. Unlike apoptosis, which is mediated by caspases and characterized by cell shrinkage and membrane blebbing, necroptosis is mediated by mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) and characterized by cell enlargement and plasma membrane rupture. Necroptosis can be triggered by bacterial infection, which on the one hand represents a host defense mechanism against the infection, but on the other hand can facilitate bacterial escape and worsen inflammation. Despite its importance in various diseases, a comprehensive review on the involvement and roles of necroptosis in apical periodontitis is still lacking. In this review, we tried to provide an overview of recent progresses in necroptosis research, summarized the pathways involved in apical periodontitis (AP) activation, and discussed how bacterial pathogens induce and regulated necroptosis and how necroptosis would inhibit bacteria. Furthermore, the interplay between various types of cell death in AP and the potential treatment strategy for AP by targeting necroptosis were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Maelfait J, Rehwinkel J. The Z-nucleic acid sensor ZBP1 in health and disease. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221156. [PMID: 37450010 PMCID: PMC10347765 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid sensing is a central process in the immune system, with far-reaching roles in antiviral defense, autoinflammation, and cancer. Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) is a sensor for double-stranded DNA and RNA helices in the unusual left-handed Z conformation termed Z-DNA and Z-RNA. Recent research established ZBP1 as a key upstream regulator of cell death and proinflammatory signaling. Recognition of Z-DNA/RNA by ZBP1 promotes host resistance to viral infection but can also drive detrimental autoinflammation. Additionally, ZBP1 has interesting roles in cancer and other disease settings and is emerging as an attractive target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Maelfait
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Rehwinkel
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Karki R, Kanneganti TD. PANoptosome signaling and therapeutic implications in infection: central role for ZBP1 to activate the inflammasome and PANoptosis. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 83:102348. [PMID: 37267644 PMCID: PMC10524556 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune response provides the first line of defense against infection and disease. Regulated cell death (RCD) is a key component of innate immune activation, and RCD must be tightly controlled to clear pathogens while preventing excess inflammation. Recent studies have highlighted a central role for the innate immune sensor Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) as an activator of a form of inflammatory RCD called PANoptosis, which is regulated by a multifaceted cell death complex called the PANoptosome. In response to influenza A virus infection, ZBP1 activates the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which then acts as an integral component of the ZBP1-PANoptosome to drive inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis. In this context, the NLRP3 inflammasome is critical for caspase-1 activation and proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 maturation, but dispensable for cell death due to functional redundancies between PANoptosome molecules. Similarly, ZBP1 is also central to the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)-PANoptosome; this PANoptosome forms in response to Francisella novicida and herpes simplex virus 1 infection and incorporates the AIM2 inflammasome as an integral component. In this review, we will discuss the critical roles of ZBP1 in mediating innate immune responses through inflammasomes, PANoptosomes, and PANoptosis during infection. An improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of innate immunity and cell death will be essential for the development of targeted modalities that can improve patient outcomes by mitigating severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Wang E, Zhou S, Zeng D, Wang R. Molecular regulation and therapeutic implications of cell death in pulmonary hypertension. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:239. [PMID: 37438344 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a clinical and pathophysiological syndrome caused by changes in pulmonary vascular structure or function that results in increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure, and it is characterized by pulmonary endothelial dysfunction, pulmonary artery media thickening, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy, all of which are driven by an imbalance between the growth and death of pulmonary vascular cells. Programmed cell death (PCD), different from cell necrosis, is an active cellular death mechanism that is activated in response to both internal and external factors and is precisely regulated by cells. More than a dozen PCD modes have been identified, among which apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and cuproptosis have been proven to be involved in the pathophysiology of PH to varying degrees. This article provides a summary of the regulatory patterns of different PCD modes and their potential effects on PH. Additionally, it describes the current understanding of this complex and interconnected process and analyzes the therapeutic potential of targeting specific PCD modes as molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enze Wang
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Department of Occupational Disease, Hefei third clinical college of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Daxiong Zeng
- Department of pulmonary and critical care medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei, 230022, China.
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13
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Mu J, Lei L, Zheng Y, Liu J, Li J, Li D, Wang G, Liu Y. Oxidative Stress Induced by Selenium Deficiency Contributes to Inflammation, Apoptosis and Necroptosis in the Lungs of Calves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040796. [PMID: 37107171 PMCID: PMC10135166 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element for health that can only be obtained through food. However, the pathological processes of selenium deficiency in cattle have received little attention. This study investigated the effects of selenium deficiency on oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and necroptosis in the lungs of weaning calves compared with healthy calves as controls. The lung selenium content and the expression of 11 selenoproteins mRNA in selenium-deficient calves were substantially reduced compared with the controls. Pathological results showed engorged alveolar capillaries, thickened alveolar septa, and diffuse interstitial inflammation throughout the alveolar septa. The levels of GSH and T-AOC, as well as the CAT, SOD, and TrxR activities, were significantly decreased compared with healthy calves. MDA and H2O2 were significantly elevated. Meanwhile, the apoptosis activation in the Se-D group was validated. Next, in the Se-D group, several pro-inflammatory cytokines showed higher expression. Further research revealed that the lungs in the Se-D group experienced inflammation via hyperactive NF-κB and MAPK pathways. The high level of expression of c-FLIP, MLKL, RIPK1, and RIPK3 indicated that necroptosis also causes lung damage during selenium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Mu
- Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yingce Zheng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ding Li
- Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guanbo Wang
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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14
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Cable J, Balachandran S, Daley-Bauer LP, Rustagi A, Antony F, Frere JJ, Strampe J, Kedzierska K, Cannon JL, McGargill MA, Weiskopf D, Mettelman RC, Niessl J, Thomas PG, Briney B, Valkenburg SA, Bloom JD, Bjorkman PJ, Iketani S, Rappazzo CG, Crooks CM, Crofts KF, Pöhlmann S, Krammer F, Sant AJ, Nabel GJ, Schultz-Cherry S. Viral immunity: Basic mechanisms and therapeutic applications-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1521:32-45. [PMID: 36718537 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Viruses infect millions of people each year. Both endemic viruses circulating throughout the population as well as novel epidemic and pandemic viruses pose ongoing threats to global public health. Developing more effective tools to address viruses requires not only in-depth knowledge of the virus itself but also of our immune system's response to infection. On June 29 to July 2, 2022, researchers met for the Keystone symposium "Viral Immunity: Basic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications." This report presents concise summaries from several of the symposium presenters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa P Daley-Bauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arjun Rustagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ferrin Antony
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Justin J Frere
- East Harlem Health Outreach Partnership; Department of Medical Education; and Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jamie Strampe
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judy L Cannon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Maureen A McGargill
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert C Mettelman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julia Niessl
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bryan Briney
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sophie A Valkenburg
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Sho Iketani
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Chelsea M Crooks
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kali F Crofts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center and Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea J Sant
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gary J Nabel
- Modex Therapeutics Inc., an OPKO Health Company, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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15
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MLKL-Driven Inflammasome Activation and Caspase-8 Mediate Inflammatory Cell Death in Influenza A Virus Infection. mBio 2023; 14:e0011023. [PMID: 36852999 PMCID: PMC10127685 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00110-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) triggers multiple programmed cell death pathways, including MLKL-dependent necroptosis, caspase-8-dependent apoptosis, and caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in myeloid cells. All three pathways share common upstream regulators, namely, ZBP1 and RIPK3. Yet, the molecular mechanism underlying IAV-induced inflammasome activation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that MLKL promotes inflammasome activation and IL-1β processing in IAV-infected macrophages. MLKL drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation through potassium efflux. In the absence of the MLKL-inflammasome axis, caspase-8 coordinates the maturation and secretion of IL-1β. MLKL alone is dispensable for host inflammatory responses to IAV in vivo. Taken together, MLKL and caspase-8 serve as redundant mechanisms by which to drive an inflammatory form of cell death in response to an IAV infection. IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus (IAV) induces multiple types of cell death, which play important roles in the host antiviral responses but can also cause unwanted inflammation and tissue damage. In this study, we dissect the interplay of cell death pathways and demonstrate that macrophages utilize redundant mechanisms to drive an inflammatory form of cell death upon IAV infection. MLKL, the executor of necroptosis, promotes inflammasome activation and pyroptotic cell death. When the MLKL-inflammasome axis is inhibited, cells divert to caspase-8-dependent inflammatory cell death. Our findings advance the current understanding of the innate immune response to IAV infection as well as broader contexts involving multifaceted cell death.
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16
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Inflammatory cell death: how macrophages sense neighbouring cell infection and damage. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:303-313. [PMID: 36695550 PMCID: PMC9987993 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death is a critical host defence strategy during viral infection. Neighbouring cells deal with this death in distinct ways depending on how the infected cell dies. While apoptosis is considered immunologically silent, the lytic pathways of necroptosis and pyroptosis trigger inflammatory responses by releasing inflammatory host molecules. All these pathways have been implicated in influenza A virus infection. Here, we review how cells sense neighbouring infection and death and how sensing shapes ensuing inflammatory responses.
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17
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Li F, Deng J, He Q, Zhong Y. ZBP1 and heatstroke. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1091766. [PMID: 36845119 PMCID: PMC9950778 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1091766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heatstroke, which is associated with circulatory failure and multiple organ dysfunction, is a heat stress-induced life-threatening condition characterized by a raised core body temperature and central nervous system dysfunction. As global warming continues to worsen, heatstroke is expected to become the leading cause of death globally. Despite the severity of this condition, the detailed mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of heatstroke still remain largely unknown. Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), also referred to as DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors (DAI) and DLM-1, was initially identified as a tumor-associated and interferon (IFN)-inducible protein, but has recently been reported to be a Z-nucleic acid sensor that regulates cell death and inflammation; however, its biological function is not yet fully understood. In the present study, a brief review of the main regulators is presented, in which the Z-nucleic acid sensor ZBP1 was identified to be a significant factor in regulating the pathological characteristics of heatstroke through ZBP1-dependent signaling. Thus, the lethal mechanism of heatstroke is revealed, in addition to a second function of ZBP1 other than as a nucleic acid sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Li
- Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of Critical Care Medicine and Hematology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiayi Deng
- Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuli He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,*Correspondence: Qiuli He, ; Yanjun Zhong,
| | - Yanjun Zhong
- Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Qiuli He, ; Yanjun Zhong,
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18
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Selenium Deficiency-Induced Oxidative Stress Causes Myocardial Injury in Calves by Activating Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020229. [PMID: 36829789 PMCID: PMC9951920 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is essential for human and animal health, but there have been few studies on the mechanisms of injury in dairy cows with Se deficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Se deficiency on myocardial injury in weaned calves. The Se-D group had significantly lower myocardial Se concentrations than the Se-C group. Histological analysis indicated that Se deficiency induced a large area of necrosis in the myocardium, accompanied by inflammatory changes. Se deficiency significantly decreased the expression of 10 of the 21 selenoprotein genes and increased the expression of SEPHS2. Furthermore, we found that oxidative stress occurred in the Se-D group by detection of redox-related indicators. Additionally, TUNEL staining showed that Se deficiency causes severe apoptosis in the myocardium, which was characterized by activating the exogenous apoptotic pathway and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Se deficiency also induced necroptosis in the myocardium by upregulating MLKL, RIPK1, and RIPK3. Moreover, Se-deficient calves have severe inflammation in the myocardium. Se deficiency significantly reduced anti-inflammatory factor levels while increasing pro-inflammatory factor levels. We also found that the NF-κB pathway and MAPK pathway were activated in Se-deficient conditions. Our findings suggest that Se deficiency causes myocardial injury in weaned calves by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and necroptosis.
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19
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Ferreira AC, Sacramento CQ, Pereira-Dutra FS, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, Silva PP, Mattos M, de Freitas CS, Marttorelli A, de Melo GR, Campos MM, Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Carlos AS, Emídio JV, Garcia CC, Bozza PT, Bozza FA, Souza TML. Severe influenza infection is associated with inflammatory programmed cell death in infected macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1067285. [PMID: 36875528 PMCID: PMC9980436 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1067285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Influenza A virus (IAV) is one of the leading causes of respiratory tract infections in humans, representing a major public health concern. The various types of cell death have a crucial role in IAV pathogenesis because this virus may trigger both apoptosis and necroptosis in airway epithelial cells in parallel. Macrophages play an important role in the clearance of virus particles, priming the adaptive immune response in influenza. However, the contribution of macrophage death to pathogenesis of IAV infection remains unclear. Methods In this work, we investigated IAV-induced macrophage death, along with potential therapeutic intervention. We conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to evaluate the mechanism and the contribution of macrophages death to the inflammatory response induced by IAV infection. Results We found that IAV or its surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) triggers inflammatory programmed cell death in human and murine macrophages in a Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)- and TNF-dependent manner. Anti-TNF treatment in vivo with the clinically approved drug etanercept prevented the engagement of the necroptotic loop and mouse mortality. Etanercept impaired the IAV-induced proinflammatory cytokine storm and lung injury. Conclusion In summary, we demonstrated a positive feedback loop of events that led to necroptosis and exacerbated inflammation in IAV-infected macrophages. Our results highlight an additional mechanism involved in severe influenza that could be attenuated with clinically available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q. Sacramento
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Filipe S. Pereira-Dutra
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natália Fintelman-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila P. Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mayara Mattos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline S. de Freitas
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andressa Marttorelli
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle R. de Melo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana M. Campos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Aluana S. Carlos
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Vítor Emídio
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiana C. Garcia
- Respiratory and Measles Virus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T. Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Critical Care, Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. L. Souza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fundação Oswado Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Thiago M. L. Souza,
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20
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Mocarski ES. Programmed Necrosis in Host Defense. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 442:1-40. [PMID: 37563336 DOI: 10.1007/82_2023_264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Host control over infectious disease relies on the ability of cells in multicellular organisms to detect and defend against pathogens to prevent disease. Evolution affords mammals with a wide variety of independent immune mechanisms to control or eliminate invading infectious agents. Many pathogens acquire functions to deflect these immune mechanisms and promote infection. Following successful invasion of a host, cell autonomous signaling pathways drive the production of inflammatory cytokines, deployment of restriction factors and induction of cell death. Combined, these innate immune mechanisms attract dendritic cells, neutrophils and macrophages as well as innate lymphoid cells such as natural killer cells that all help control infection. Eventually, the development of adaptive pathogen-specific immunity clears infection and provides immune memory of the encounter. For obligate intracellular pathogens such as viruses, diverse cell death pathways make a pivotal contribution to early control by eliminating host cells before progeny are produced. Pro-apoptotic caspase-8 activity (along with caspase-10 in humans) executes extrinsic apoptosis, a nonlytic form of cell death triggered by TNF family death receptors (DRs). Over the past two decades, alternate extrinsic apoptosis and necroptosis outcomes have been described. Programmed necrosis, or necroptosis, occurs when receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) activates mixed lineage kinase-like (MLKL), causing cell leakage. Thus, activation of DRs, toll-like receptors (TLRs) or pathogen sensor Z-nucleic acid binding protein 1 (ZBP1) initiates apoptosis as well as necroptosis if not blocked by virus-encoded inhibitors. Mammalian cell death pathways are blocked by herpesvirus- and poxvirus-encoded cell death suppressors. Growing evidence has revealed the importance of Z-nucleic acid sensor, ZBP1, in the cell autonomous recognition of both DNA and RNA virus infection. This volume will explore the detente between viruses and cells to manage death machinery and avoid elimination to support dissemination within the host animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S Mocarski
- Robert W. Woodruff Professor Emeritus, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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21
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ZBP1-Mediated Necroptosis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010052. [PMID: 36615244 PMCID: PMC9822119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental pathophysiological process in human disease. The discovery of necroptosis, a form of regulated necrosis that is induced by the activation of death receptors and formation of necrosome, represents a major breakthrough in the field of cell death in the past decade. Z-DNA-binding protein (ZBP1) is an interferon (IFN)-inducing protein, initially reported as a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) sensor, which induces an innate inflammatory response. Recently, ZBP1 was identified as an important sensor of necroptosis during virus infection. It connects viral nucleic acid and receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) via two domains and induces the formation of a necrosome. Recent studies have also reported that ZBP1 induces necroptosis in non-viral infections and mediates necrotic signal transduction by a unique mechanism. This review highlights the discovery of ZBP1 and its novel findings in necroptosis and provides an insight into its critical role in the crosstalk between different types of cell death, which may represent a new therapeutic option.
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22
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Liu H, Liu Y, Fan W, Fan B. Fusobacterium nucleatum triggers proinflammatory cell death via Z-DNA binding protein 1 in apical periodontitis. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:196. [PMID: 36539813 PMCID: PMC9764563 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) is a vital innate immune sensor that regulates inflammation during pathogen invasion. ZBP1 may contribute to pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis in infectious diseases. In this study, Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) infection caused periapical inflammation through proinflammatory cell death and ZBP1 was involved in regulating the inflammatory activities caused by F. nucleatum infection in apical periodontitis (AP). METHODS Human periapical tissues were tested by fluorescent in situ hybridization, immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR) and western blotting. F. nucleatum-infected and F. nucleatum extracellular vesicles (F. nucleatum-EVs)-treated RAW264.7 cells were used to detect the expression of inflammatory cytokines and different cell death mechanisms by qRT‒PCR and western blotting. ZBP1 expression in F. nucleatum-infected tissues and RAW264.7 cells was detected by qRT‒PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, the expression of ZBP1 was inhibited by siRNA and different cell death pathways, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, and inflammatory cytokines were measured in F. nucleatum-infected RAW264.7 cells. RESULTS F. nucleatum was detected in AP tissues. F. nucleatum-infected RAW264.7 cells polarized to the M1 phenotype, and this was accompanied by inflammatory cytokine production. High levels of ZBP1 and GSDME (gasdermin E)-mediated pyroptosis, caspase-3-mediated apoptosis and MLKL-mediated necroptosis (PANoptosis) were identified in F. nucleatum-infected tissues and RAW264.7 cells. ZBP1 inhibition reduced inflammatory cytokine secretion and the occurrence of PANoptosis. CONCLUSION The present study identified a previously unknown role of ZBP1 in regulating F. nucleatum-induced proinflammatory cell death and inflammatory activation. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Fan
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Fan
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, China
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23
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Shao H, Wu W, Wang P, Han T, Zhuang C. Role of Necroptosis in Central Nervous System Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3213-3229. [PMID: 36373337 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a type of precisely regulated necrotic cell death activated in caspase-deficient conditions. Multiple factors initiate the necroptotic signaling pathway, including toll-like receptor 3/4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), dsRNA viruses, and T cell receptors. Presently, TNF-induced necroptosis via the phosphorylation of three key proteins, receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein, is the best-characterized process. Necroptosis induced by Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP-1) and toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon (TRIF) plays a significant role in infectious diseases, such as influenza A virus, Zika virus, and herpesvirus infection. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the close association of necroptosis with multiple diseases, and disrupting necroptosis has been confirmed to be effective for treating (or managing) these diseases. The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits unique physiological structures and immune characteristics. Necroptosis may occur without the sequential activation of signal proteins, and the necroptosis of supporting cells has more important implications in disease development. Additionally, necroptotic signals can be activated in the absence of necroptosis. Here, we summarize the role of necroptosis and its signal proteins in CNS diseases and characterize typical necroptosis regulators to provide a basis for the further development of therapeutic strategies for treating such diseases. In the present review, relevant information has been consolidated from recent studies (from 2010 until the present), excluding the patents in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ting Han
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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24
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Mechanisms of TNF-independent RIPK3-mediated cell death. Biochem J 2022; 479:2049-2062. [PMID: 36240069 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and necroptosis regulate many aspects of organismal biology and are involved in various human diseases. TNF is well known to induce both of these forms of cell death and the underlying mechanisms have been elaborately described. However, cells can also engage apoptosis and necroptosis through TNF-independent mechanisms, involving, for example, activation of the pattern recognition receptors Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 and -4, or zDNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1). In this context, cell death signaling depends on the presence of receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 3 (RIPK3). Whereas RIPK3 is required for TNF-induced necroptosis, it mediates both apoptosis and necroptosis upon TLR3/4 and ZBP1 engagement. Here, we review the intricate mechanisms by which TNF-independent cell death is regulated by RIPK3.
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25
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Udawatte DJ, Lang DM, Currier JR, Medin CL, Rothman AL. Dengue virus downregulates TNFR1- and TLR3-stimulated NF-κB activation by targeting RIPK1. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:926036. [PMID: 36310878 PMCID: PMC9615918 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.926036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is the most prevalent arthropod-borne virus disease and is endemic in more than 100 countries. Several DENV proteins have been shown to target crucial human host proteins to evade innate immune responses and establish a productive infection. Here we report that the DENV NS3 protein targets RIPK1 (Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase I), a central mediator of inflammation and cell death, and decreases intracellular RIPK1 levels during DENV infection. The interaction of NS3 with RIPK1 results in the inhibition of NF-κB activation in response to TNFR or TLR3 stimulation. Also, we observed that the effects of NS3 on RIPK1 were independent of NS3 protease activity. Our data demonstrate a novel mechanism by which DENV suppresses normal cellular functions to evade host innate immune responses
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshika J. Udawatte
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Diane M. Lang
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Carey L. Medin
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alan L. Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
- *Correspondence: Alan L. Rothman,
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26
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The role of RHIM in necroptosis. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1197-1205. [PMID: 36040212 PMCID: PMC9444067 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) is a conserved protein domain that is approximately 18–22 amino acids in length. In humans, four proteins carrying RHIM domains have been identified: receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase (RIPK) 1, RIPK3, Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), and TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β (TRIF), which are all major players in necroptosis, a distinct form of regulated cell death. Necroptosis is mostly presumed to be a fail-safe form of cell death, occurring in cells in which apoptosis is compromised. Upon activation, RIPK1, ZBP1, and TRIF each hetero-oligomerize with RIPK3 and induce the assembly of an amyloid-like structure of RIPK3 homo-oligomers. These act as docking stations for the recruitment of the pseudokinase mixed-lineage kinase domain like (MLKL), the pore-forming executioner of necroptosis. As RHIM domain interactions are a vital component of the signaling cascade and can also be involved in apoptosis and pyroptosis activation, it is unsurprising that viral and bacterial pathogens have developed means of disrupting RHIM-mediated signaling to ensure survival. Moreover, as these mechanisms play an essential part of regulated cell death signaling, they have received much attention in recent years. Herein, we present the latest insights into the supramolecular structure of interacting RHIM proteins and their distinct signaling cascades in inflammation and infection. Their uncovering will ultimately contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies in the regulation of lytic cell death.
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27
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Sun C, Han Y, Zhang R, Liu S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Chen X, Jiang C, Wang J, Fan X, Wang J. Regulated necrosis in COVID-19: A double-edged sword. Front Immunol 2022; 13:917141. [PMID: 36090995 PMCID: PMC9452688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.917141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 can cause various systemic diseases such as acute pneumonia with cytokine storm. Constituted of necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, regulated necrosis constitutes the cell death patterns under the low apoptosis condition commonly observed in COVID-19. Regulated necrosis is involved in the release of cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1 β, and IL-6 and cell contents such as alarmins, PAMPs, and DAMPs, leading to more severe inflammation. Uncontrolled regulated necrosis may explain the poor prognosis and cytokine storm observed in COVID-19. In this review, the pathophysiology and mechanism of regulated necrosis with the double-edged sword effect in COVID-19 are thoroughly discussed in detail. Furthermore, this review also focuses on the biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets of the regulated necrosis pathway in COVID-19, providing practical guidance to judge the severity, prognosis, and clinical treatment of COVID-19 and guiding the development of clinical anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunze Han
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Simon Liu
- Medical Genomics Unit, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Wang, ; Junmin Wang, ; Xiaochong Fan,
| | - Xiaochong Fan
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Wang, ; Junmin Wang, ; Xiaochong Fan,
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Wang, ; Junmin Wang, ; Xiaochong Fan,
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28
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Zhang G, Wang J, Zhao Z, Xin T, Fan X, Shen Q, Raheem A, Lee CR, Jiang H, Ding J. Regulated necrosis, a proinflammatory cell death, potentially counteracts pathogenic infections. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:637. [PMID: 35869043 PMCID: PMC9307826 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of cell apoptosis, other gene-regulated cell deaths are gradually appreciated, including pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. Necroptosis is, so far, one of the best-characterized regulated necrosis. In response to diverse stimuli (death receptor or toll-like receptor stimulation, pathogenic infection, or other factors), necroptosis is initiated and precisely regulated by the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) with the involvement of its partners (RIPK1, TRIF, DAI, or others), ultimately leading to the activation of its downstream substrate, mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). Necroptosis plays a significant role in the host's defense against pathogenic infections. Although much has been recognized regarding modulatory mechanisms of necroptosis during pathogenic infection, the exact role of necroptosis at different stages of infectious diseases is still being unveiled, e.g., how and when pathogens utilize or evade necroptosis to facilitate their invasion and how hosts manipulate necroptosis to counteract these detrimental effects brought by pathogenic infections and further eliminate the encroaching pathogens. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent progress in the role of necroptosis during a series of viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections with zoonotic potentials, aiming to provide references and directions for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of both human and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Zhang
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- grid.508381.70000 0004 0647 272XShenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, 518000 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Zhanran Zhao
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA
| | - Ting Xin
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xuezheng Fan
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Qingchun Shen
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Abdul Raheem
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Present Address: Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chae Rhim Lee
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Present Address: University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jiabo Ding
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
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29
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Wang GQ, Gu Y, Wang C, Wang F, Hsu ACY. A Game of Infection - Song of Respiratory Viruses and Interferons. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:937460. [PMID: 35846766 PMCID: PMC9277140 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.937460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanity has experienced four major pandemics since the twentieth century, with the 1918 Spanish flu, the 2002 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the 2009 swine flu, and the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemics having the most important impact in human health. The 1918 Spanish flu caused unprecedented catastrophes in the recorded human history, with an estimated death toll between 50 – 100 million. While the 2002 SARS and 2009 swine flu pandemics caused approximately 780 and 280,000 deaths, respectively, the current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in > 6 million deaths globally at the time of writing. COVID-19, instigated by the SARS – coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes unprecedented challenges in all facets of our lives, and never before brought scientists of all fields together to focus on this singular topic. While for the past 50 years research have been heavily focused on viruses themselves, we now understand that the host immune responses are just as important in determining the pathogenesis and outcomes of infection. Research in innate immune mechanisms is crucial in understanding all aspects of host antiviral programmes and the mechanisms underpinning virus-host interactions, which can be translated to the development of effective therapeutic avenues. This review summarizes what is known and what remains to be explored in the innate immune responses to influenza viruses and SARS-CoVs, and virus-host interactions in driving disease pathogenesis. This hopefully will encourage discussions and research on the unanswered questions, new paradigms, and antiviral strategies against these emerging infectious pathogens before the next pandemic occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Qiang Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinuo Gu
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- Signature Research Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke - National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Viruses, Infections/Immunity, Vaccines and Asthma, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Price DR, Benedetti E, Hoffman KL, Gomez-Escobar L, Alvarez-Mulett S, Capili A, Sarwath H, Parkhurst CN, Lafond E, Weidman K, Ravishankar A, Cheong JG, Batra R, Büyüközkan M, Chetnik K, Easthausen I, Schenck EJ, Racanelli AC, Outtz Reed H, Laurence J, Josefowicz SZ, Lief L, Choi ME, Schmidt F, Borczuk AC, Choi AMK, Krumsiek J, Rafii S. Angiopoietin 2 Is Associated with Vascular Necroptosis Induction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1001-1015. [PMID: 35469796 PMCID: PMC9027298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular injury is a well-established, disease-modifying factor in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pathogenesis. Recently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced injury to the vascular compartment has been linked to complement activation, microvascular thrombosis, and dysregulated immune responses. This study sought to assess whether aberrant vascular activation in this prothrombotic context was associated with the induction of necroptotic vascular cell death. To achieve this, proteomic analysis was performed on blood samples from COVID-19 subjects at distinct time points during ARDS pathogenesis (hospitalized at risk, N = 59; ARDS, N = 31; and recovery, N = 12). Assessment of circulating vascular markers in the at-risk cohort revealed a signature of low vascular protein abundance that tracked with low platelet levels and increased mortality. This signature was replicated in the ARDS cohort and correlated with increased plasma angiopoietin 2 levels. COVID-19 ARDS lung autopsy immunostaining confirmed a link between vascular injury (angiopoietin 2) and platelet-rich microthrombi (CD61) and induction of necrotic cell death [phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like (pMLKL)]. Among recovery subjects, the vascular signature identified patients with poor functional outcomes. Taken together, this vascular injury signature was associated with low platelet levels and increased mortality and can be used to identify ARDS patients most likely to benefit from vascular targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Price
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisa Benedetti
- Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Katherine L Hoffman
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Luis Gomez-Escobar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sergio Alvarez-Mulett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Allyson Capili
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Hina Sarwath
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Christopher N Parkhurst
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Elyse Lafond
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Karissa Weidman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Arjun Ravishankar
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Immunity, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jin Gyu Cheong
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Immunity, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Richa Batra
- Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mustafa Büyüközkan
- Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kelsey Chetnik
- Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Imaani Easthausen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Edward J Schenck
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexandra C Racanelli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hasina Outtz Reed
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey Laurence
- Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Steven Z Josefowicz
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Immunity, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lindsay Lief
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mary E Choi
- Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Frank Schmidt
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alain C Borczuk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York; Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
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Rex DAB, Keshava Prasad TS, Kandasamy RK. Revisiting Regulated Cell Death Responses in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137023. [PMID: 35806033 PMCID: PMC9266763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of a viral infection in the host begins with various types of cellular responses, such as abortive, productive, latent, and destructive infections. Apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis are the three major types of regulated cell death mechanisms that play critical roles in viral infection response. Cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, bleb formation, and retained membrane integrity are all signs of osmotic imbalance-driven cytoplasmic swelling and early membrane damage in necroptosis and pyroptosis. Caspase-driven apoptotic cell demise is considered in many circumstances as an anti-inflammatory, and some pathogens hijack the cell death signaling routes to initiate a targeted attack against the host. In this review, the selected mechanisms by which viruses interfere with cell death were discussed in-depth and were illustrated by compiling the general principles and cellular signaling mechanisms of virus–host-specific molecule interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
- Correspondence: (T.S.K.P.); (R.K.K.)
| | - Richard K. Kandasamy
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (T.S.K.P.); (R.K.K.)
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DeAntoneo C, Danthi P, Balachandran S. Reovirus Activated Cell Death Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111757. [PMID: 35681452 PMCID: PMC9179526 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian orthoreoviruses (ReoV) are non-enveloped viruses with segmented double-stranded RNA genomes. In humans, ReoV are generally considered non-pathogenic, although members of this family have been proven to cause mild gastroenteritis in young children and may contribute to the development of inflammatory conditions, including Celiac disease. Because of its low pathogenic potential and its ability to efficiently infect and kill transformed cells, the ReoV strain Type 3 Dearing (T3D) is clinical trials as an oncolytic agent. ReoV manifests its oncolytic effects in large part by infecting tumor cells and activating programmed cell death pathways (PCDs). It was previously believed that apoptosis was the dominant PCD pathway triggered by ReoV infection. However, new studies suggest that ReoV also activates other PCD pathways, such as autophagy, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. Necroptosis is a caspase-independent form of PCD reliant on receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and its substrate, the pseudokinase mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). As necroptosis is highly inflammatory, ReoV-induced necroptosis may contribute to the oncolytic potential of this virus, not only by promoting necrotic lysis of the infected cell, but also by inflaming the surrounding tumor microenvironment and provoking beneficial anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the ReoV replication cycle, the known and potential mechanisms by which ReoV induces PCD, and discuss the consequences of non-apoptotic cell death—particularly necroptosis—to ReoV pathogenesis and oncolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly DeAntoneo
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA;
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Pranav Danthi
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Influenza viruses cause respiratory tract infections, which lead to human disease outbreaks and pandemics. Influenza A virus (IAV) circulates in diverse animal species, predominantly aquatic birds. This often results in the emergence of novel viral strains causing severe human disease upon zoonotic transmission. Innate immune sensing of the IAV infection promotes host cell death and inflammatory responses to confer antiviral host defense. Dysregulated respiratory epithelial cell death and excessive proinflammatory responses drive immunopathology in highly pathogenic influenza infections. Here, we discuss the critical mechanisms regulating IAV-induced cell death and proinflammatory responses. We further describe the essential role of the Z-form nucleic acid sensor ZBP1/DAI and RIPK3 in triggering apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis during IAV infection and their impact on host defense and pathogenicity in vivo. We also discuss the functional importance of ZBP1-RIPK3 signaling in recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other viral infections. Understanding these mechanisms of RNA virus-induced cytopathic and pathogenic inflammatory responses is crucial for targeting pathogenic lung infections and human respiratory illness.
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Heib M, Weiß J, Saggau C, Hoyer J, Fuchslocher Chico J, Voigt S, Adam D. Ars moriendi: Proteases as sculptors of cellular suicide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119191. [PMID: 34973300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Ars moriendi, which translates to "The Art of Dying," encompasses two Latin texts that gave advice on how to die well and without fear according to the Christian precepts of the late Middle Ages. Given that ten to hundred billion cells die in our bodies every day, it is obvious that the concept of a well and orderly ("regulated") death is also paramount at the cellular level. In apoptosis, as the most well-studied form of regulated cell death, proteases of the caspase family are the central mediators. However, caspases are not the only proteases that act as sculptors of cellular suicide, and therefore, we here provide an overview of the impact of proteases in apoptosis and other forms of regulated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Heib
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas Weiß
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Carina Saggau
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Justus Hoyer
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Susann Voigt
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Herbert A, Fedorov A, Poptsova M. Mono a Mano: ZBP1’s Love–Hate Relationship with the Kissing Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063079. [PMID: 35328502 PMCID: PMC8955656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Z-DNA binding protein (ZBP1) very much represents the nuclear option. By initiating inflammatory cell death (ICD), ZBP1 activates host defenses to destroy infectious threats. ZBP1 is also able to induce noninflammatory regulated cell death via apoptosis (RCD). ZBP1 senses the presence of left-handed Z-DNA and Z-RNA (ZNA), including that formed by expression of endogenous retroelements. Viruses such as the Epstein–Barr “kissing virus” inhibit ICD, RCD and other cell death signaling pathways to produce persistent infection. EBV undergoes lytic replication in plasma cells, which maintain detectable levels of basal ZBP1 expression, leading us to suggest a new role for ZBP1 in maintaining EBV latency, one of benefit for both host and virus. We provide an overview of the pathways that are involved in establishing latent infection, including those regulated by MYC and NF-κB. We describe and provide a synthesis of the evidence supporting a role for ZNA in these pathways, highlighting the positive and negative selection of ZNA forming sequences in the EBV genome that underscores the coadaptation of host and virus. Instead of a fight to the death, a state of détente now exists where persistent infection by the virus is tolerated by the host, while disease outcomes such as death, autoimmunity and cancer are minimized. Based on these new insights, we propose actionable therapeutic approaches to unhost EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Herbert
- InsideOutBio, 42 8th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 11 Pokrovsky Bulvar, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.F.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandr Fedorov
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 11 Pokrovsky Bulvar, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Poptsova
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 11 Pokrovsky Bulvar, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.F.); (M.P.)
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Osteopontin aggravates acute lung injury in influenza virus infection by promoting macrophages necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:97. [PMID: 35246529 PMCID: PMC8897470 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with influenza A virus (IAV) can trigger pulmonary inflammation and lung damage. Osteopontin (OPN) is an essential regulator of cell death and immunity. However, the role and underlying mechanism of OPN in cell death in IAV-induced pulmonary injury remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that OPN-deficient (OPN-/-) mice were insensitive to IAV, exhibiting decreased viral loads and attenuated lung injury after IAV infection compared to those in wild-type (WT) mice. Moreover, macrophage necroptosis was significantly reduced in OPN-/- mice infected with IAV compared to that in infected WT mice. OPN increased the expression of necroptosis-related genes and exacerbated macrophage necroptosis in IAV-infected THP1 cells. Notably, adoptive transfer of WT bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) or OPN-/- BMDMs into mice restored resistance to influenza infection, and the rescue effect of OPN-/- BMDMs was better than that of WT BMDMs. Collectively, these results suggest that OPN deficiency in macrophages reduces necroptosis, which leads to a decrease in viral titers and protects against IAV infection. Therefore, OPN is a potential target for the treatment of IAV infection.
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Reduced protection of RIPK3-deficient mice against influenza by matrix protein 2 ectodomain targeted active and passive vaccination strategies. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:280. [PMID: 35351865 PMCID: PMC8961492 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRIPK3 partially protects against disease caused by influenza A virus (IAV) infection in the mouse model. Here, we compared the immune protection of active vaccination with a universal influenza A vaccine candidate based on the matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) and of passive immunization with anti-M2e IgG antibodies in wild type and Ripk3−/− mice. We observed that the protection against IAV after active vaccination with M2e viral antigen is lost in Ripk3−/− mice. Interestingly, M2e-specific serum IgG levels induced by M2e vaccination were not significantly different between wild type and Ripk3−/− vaccinated mice demonstrating that the at least the humoral immune response was not affected by the absence of RIPK3 during active vaccination. Moreover, following IAV challenge, lungs of M2e vaccinated Ripk3−/− mice revealed a decreased number of immune cell infiltrates and an increased accumulation of dead cells, suggesting that phagocytosis could be reduced in Ripk3−/− mice. However, neither efferocytosis nor antibody-dependent phagocytosis were affected in macrophages isolated from Ripk3−/− mice. Likewise following IAV infection of Ripk3−/− mice, active vaccination and infection resulted in decreased presence of CD8+ T-cells in the lung. However, it is unclear whether this reflects a deficiency in vaccination or an inability following infection. Finally, passively transferred anti-M2e monoclonal antibodies at higher dose than littermate wild type mice completely protected Ripk3−/− mice against an otherwise lethal IAV infection, demonstrating that the increased sensitivity of Ripk3−/− mice could be overcome by increased antibodies. Therefore we conclude that passive immunization strategies with monoclonal antibody could be useful for individuals with reduced IAV vaccine efficacy or increased IAV sensitivity, such as may be expected in patients treated with future anti-inflammatory therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases such as RIPK inhibitors.
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Rothan HA, Kumari P, Stone S, Natekar JP, Arora K, Auroni TT, Kumar M. SARS-CoV-2 Infects Primary Neurons from Human ACE2 Expressing Mice and Upregulates Genes Involved in the Inflammatory and Necroptotic Pathways. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020257. [PMID: 35215199 PMCID: PMC8876293 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 under the cytokeratin 18 promoter (K18-hACE2) have been extensively used to investigate the pathogenesis and tissue tropism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Neuroinvasion and the replication of SARS-CoV-2 within the central nervous system (CNS) of K18-hACE2 mice is associated with increased mortality; although, the mechanisms by which this occurs remain unclear. In this study, we generated primary neuronal cultures from K18-hACE2 mice to investigate the effects of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also evaluated the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the CNS of K18-hACE2 mice and mouse neuronal cultures. Our data show that neuronal cultures obtained from K18-hACE2 mice are permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection and support productive virus replication. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection upregulated the expression of genes involved in innate immunity and inflammation, including IFN-α, ISG-15, CXCL10, CCL2, IL-6 and TNF-α, in the neurons and mouse brains. In addition, we found that SARS-CoV-2 infection of neurons and mouse brains activates the ZBP1/pMLKL-regulated necroptosis pathway. Together, our data provide insights into the neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in K18-hACE2 mice.
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Tummers B, Green DR. The evolution of regulated cell death pathways in animals and their evasion by pathogens. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:411-454. [PMID: 34898294 PMCID: PMC8676434 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The coevolution of host-pathogen interactions underlies many human physiological traits associated with protection from or susceptibility to infections. Among the mechanisms that animals utilize to control infections are the regulated cell death pathways of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Over the course of evolution these pathways have become intricate and complex, coevolving with microbes that infect animal hosts. Microbes, in turn, have evolved strategies to interfere with the pathways of regulated cell death to avoid eradication by the host. Here, we present an overview of the mechanisms of regulated cell death in Animalia and the strategies devised by pathogens to interfere with these processes. We review the molecular pathways of regulated cell death, their roles in infection, and how they are perturbed by viruses and bacteria, providing insights into the coevolution of host-pathogen interactions and cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Tummers
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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40
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Viral manipulation of host cell necroptosis and pyroptosis. Trends Microbiol 2021; 30:593-605. [PMID: 34933805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell death forms an essential component of the antiviral immune response. Viral infection elicits different forms of host cell death, including the lytic and inflammatory cell death modes necroptosis or pyroptosis. The induction of both types of cell death not only eliminates virus-infected cells but also contributes to the development of innate and adaptive immunity through the release of inflammatory mediators. The importance of necroptosis and pyroptosis in host defence is evident from the numerous viral evasion mechanisms that suppress these cell death pathways. Here, we review the emerging principles by which viruses antagonise host cell necroptosis and pyroptosis to promote their spread and block host immunity.
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41
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Overholtzer M. Cell death leaves a new TRAIL. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212699. [PMID: 34643655 PMCID: PMC8563292 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202109018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death involves numerous mechanisms that can be cross-regulated through a complex signaling network. In this issue, Bozkurt et al. (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202010030) identify a new connection in the network: signaling from TRAIL, a canonical inducer of apoptosis, can also induce a form of cell death called entosis, which has implications for cancer progression.
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Balachandran S, Mocarski ES. Viral Z-RNA triggers ZBP1-dependent cell death. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 51:134-140. [PMID: 34688984 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Z-DNA Binding protein 1 (ZBP1) activates Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 3 (RIPK3) -dependent cell death during lytic infection by members of the orthomyxovirus, herpesvirus and poxvirus families. ZBP1 possesses two Zα domains capable of selective binding to Z-DNA, as well as to Z-RNA. We have now unveiled Z-RNA as the ligand that activates ZBP1 in cells infected with orthomyxoviruses (influenza A and B viruses) and the poxvirus vaccinia virus (VACV). Orthomyxovirus Z-RNA is sensed by ZBP1 in the nucleus of infected cells, resulting in nuclear activation of RIPK3, consequent rupture of the nucleus, and hyper-inflammatory 'nuclear necroptosis'. VACV-generated Z-RNA accumulates in the cytoplasm, where it is sequestered from ZBP1 by E3, the viral E3L gene product. In viruses where the E3 Zα domain has been mutated, ZBP1 senses Z-RNA and triggers RIPK3-dependent necroptosis in the cytoplasm. Z-RNA is thus a new viral pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
| | - Edward S Mocarski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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From pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis to PANoptosis: A mechanistic compendium of programmed cell death pathways. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4641-4657. [PMID: 34504660 PMCID: PMC8405902 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis are the most genetically well-defined programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, and they are intricately involved in both homeostasis and disease. Although the identification of key initiators, effectors and executioners in each of these three PCD pathways has historically delineated them as distinct, growing evidence has highlighted extensive crosstalk among them. These observations have led to the establishment of the concept of PANoptosis, defined as an inflammatory PCD pathway regulated by the PANoptosome complex with key features of pyroptosis, apoptosis and/or necroptosis that cannot be accounted for by any of these PCD pathways alone. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the research history of pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis. We then examine the intricate crosstalk among these PCD pathways to discuss the current evidence for PANoptosis. We also detail the molecular evidence for the assembly of the PANoptosome complex, a molecular scaffold for contemporaneous engagement of key molecules from pyroptosis, apoptosis, and/or necroptosis. PANoptosis is now known to be critically involved in many diseases, including infection, sterile inflammation and cancer, and future discovery of novel PANoptotic components will continue to broaden our understanding of the fundamental processes of cell death and inform the development of new therapeutics.
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Chen R, Ram A, Albeck JG, Overholtzer M. Entosis is induced by ultraviolet radiation. iScience 2021; 24:102902. [PMID: 34401679 PMCID: PMC8353511 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Entosis is a cell death mechanism that is executed through neighbor cell ingestion and killing that occurs in cancer tissues and during development. Here, we identify JNK and p38 stress-activated kinase signaling as an inducer of entosis in cells exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Cells with high levels of stress signaling are ingested and killed by those with low levels, a result of heterogeneity arising within cell populations over time. In stressed cells, entosis occurs as part of mixed-cell death response with parallel induction of apoptosis and necrosis, and we find that inhibition of one form of cell death leads to increased rates of another. Together, these findings identify stress-activated kinase signaling as a new inducer of entosis and demonstrate cross talk between different forms of cell death that can occur in parallel in response to UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyao Chen
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Abhineet Ram
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John G. Albeck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael Overholtzer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Abstract
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) has emerged as a key upstream regulator of cell death and inflammation. RIPK1-mediated signaling governs the outcome of signaling pathways initiated by tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), TLR4, retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I)/melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA-5), and Z-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) by signaling for NF-κB activation, mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) and interferon regulatory factor 3/7 (IRF3/7) phosphorylation, and cell death via apoptosis and necroptosis. Both cell death and inflammatory responses play a major role in controlling virus infections. Therefore, viruses have evolved multifaceted mechanisms to exploit host immune responses by targeting RIPK1. This review focuses on the current understanding of RIPK1-mediated inflammatory and cell death pathways and multiple mechanisms by which viruses manipulate these pathways by targeting RIPK1. We also discuss gaps in our knowledge regarding RIPK1-mediated signaling pathways and highlight potential avenues for future research.
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Mortaz E, Bezemer G, Alipoor SD, Varahram M, Mumby S, Folkerts G, Garssen J, Adcock IM. Nutritional Impact and Its Potential Consequences on COVID-19 Severity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:698617. [PMID: 34291074 PMCID: PMC8287001 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.698617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During late 2019 a viral disease due to a novel coronavirus was reported in Wuhan, China, which rapidly developed into an exploding pandemic and poses a severe threat to human health all over the world. Until now (May 2021), there are insufficient treatment options for the management of this global disease and shortage of vaccines. Important aspects that help to defeat coronavirus infection seems to be having a healthy, strong, and resilient immune system. Nutrition and metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes play a crucial role on the community health situation in general and especially during this new pandemic. There seems to be an enormous impact of lifestyle, metabolic disorders, and immune status on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and recovery. For this reason, it is important to consider the impact of lifestyle and the consumption of well-defined healthy diets during the pandemic. Aims: In this review, we summarise recent findings on the effect of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and disease severity and treatment. Understanding how specific dietary features might help to improve the public health strategies to reduce the rate and severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gillina Bezemer
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Impact Station, Hilversum, Netherlands
| | - Shamila D. Alipoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Airways Disease Section, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center of Excellence Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Flerlage T, Boyd DF, Meliopoulos V, Thomas PG, Schultz-Cherry S. Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2: pathogenesis and host responses in the respiratory tract. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:425-441. [PMID: 33824495 PMCID: PMC8023351 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics of respiratory tract infections that produce a wide spectrum of clinical disease severity in humans. The novel betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 and has since caused a pandemic. Both viral and host factors determine the extent and severity of virus-induced lung damage. The host's response to viral infection is necessary for viral clearance but may be deleterious and contribute to severe disease phenotypes. Similarly, tissue repair mechanisms are required for recovery from infection across the spectrum of disease severity; however, dysregulated repair responses may lead to chronic lung dysfunction. Understanding of the mechanisms of immunopathology and tissue repair following viral lower respiratory tract infection may broaden treatment options. In this Review, we discuss the pathogenesis, the contribution of the host response to severe clinical phenotypes and highlight early and late epithelial repair mechanisms following influenza virus infection, each of which has been well characterized. Although we are still learning about SARS-CoV-2 and its disease manifestations in humans, throughout the Review we discuss what is known about SARS-CoV-2 in the context of this broad knowledge of influenza virus, highlighting the similarities and differences between the respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Flerlage
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David F Boyd
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Victoria Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Koehler H, Cotsmire S, Zhang T, Balachandran S, Upton JW, Langland J, Kalman D, Jacobs BL, Mocarski ES. Vaccinia virus E3 prevents sensing of Z-RNA to block ZBP1-dependent necroptosis. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1266-1276.e5. [PMID: 34192517 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis mediated by Z-nucleic-acid-binding protein (ZBP)1 (also called DAI or DLM1) contributes to innate host defense against viruses by triggering cell death to eliminate infected cells. During infection, vaccinia virus (VACV) protein E3 prevents death signaling by competing for Z-form RNA through an N-terminal Zα domain. In the absence of this E3 domain, Z-form RNA accumulates during the early phase of VACV infection, triggering ZBP1 to recruit receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK)3 and execute necroptosis. The C-terminal E3 double-strand RNA-binding domain must be retained to observe accumulation of Z-form RNA and induction of necroptosis. Substitutions of Zα from either ZBP1 or the RNA-editing enzyme double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase (ADAR)1 yields fully functional E3 capable of suppressing virus-induced necroptosis. Overall, our evidence reveals the importance of Z-form RNA generated during VACV infection as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) unleashing ZBP1/RIPK3/MLKL-dependent necroptosis unless suppressed by viral E3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Koehler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Samantha Cotsmire
- Arizona State University, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jason W Upton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jeffery Langland
- Arizona State University, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Daniel Kalman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bertram L Jacobs
- Arizona State University, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Edward S Mocarski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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The Role of the Key Effector of Necroptotic Cell Death, MLKL, in Mouse Models of Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060803. [PMID: 34071602 PMCID: PMC8227991 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is an inflammatory form of lytic programmed cell death that is thought to have evolved to defend against pathogens. Genetic deletion of the terminal effector protein—MLKL—shows no overt phenotype in the C57BL/6 mouse strain under conventional laboratory housing conditions. Small molecules that inhibit necroptosis by targeting the kinase activity of RIPK1, one of the main upstream conduits to MLKL activation, have shown promise in several murine models of non-infectious disease and in phase II human clinical trials. This has triggered in excess of one billion dollars (USD) in investment into the emerging class of necroptosis blocking drugs, and the potential utility of targeting the terminal effector is being closely scrutinised. Here we review murine models of disease, both genetic deletion and mutation, that investigate the role of MLKL. We summarize a series of examples from several broad disease categories including ischemia reperfusion injury, sterile inflammation, pathogen infection and hematological stress. Elucidating MLKL’s contribution to mouse models of disease is an important first step to identify human indications that stand to benefit most from MLKL-targeted drug therapies.
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Viral dosing of influenza A infection reveals involvement of RIPK3 and FADD, but not MLKL. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:471. [PMID: 33976111 PMCID: PMC8113499 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RIPK3 was reported to play an important role in the protection against influenza A virus (IAV) in vivo. Here we show that the requirement of RIPK3 for protection against IAV infection in vivo is only apparent within a limited dose range of IAV challenge. We found that this protective outcome is independent from RIPK3 kinase activity and from MLKL. This shows that platform function of RIPK3 rather than its kinase activity is required for protection, suggesting that a RIPK3 function independent of necroptosis is implicated. In line with this finding, we show that FADD-dependent apoptosis has a crucial additional effect in protection against IAV infection. Altogether, we show that RIPK3 contributes to protection against IAV in a narrow challenge dose range by a mechanism that is independent of its kinase activity and its capacity to induce necroptosis.
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