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Meadows SM, Palaguachi F, Jang MW, Licht-Murava A, Barnett D, Zimmer TS, Zhou C, McDonough SR, Orr AL, Orr AG. Hippocampal astrocytes induce sex-dimorphic effects on memory. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114278. [PMID: 38795347 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytic receptors influence cognitive function and can promote behavioral deficits in disease. These effects may vary based on variables such as biological sex, but it is not known if the effects of astrocytic receptors are dependent on sex. We leveraged in vivo gene editing and chemogenetics to examine the roles of astrocytic receptors in spatial memory and other processes. We show that reductions in metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3), the main astrocytic glutamate receptor in adults, impair memory in females but enhance memory in males. Similarly, increases in astrocytic mGluR3 levels have sex-dependent effects and enhance memory in females. mGluR3 manipulations also alter spatial search strategies during recall in a sex-specific manner. In addition, acute chemogenetic stimulation of Gi/o-coupled or Gs-coupled receptors in hippocampal astrocytes induces bidirectional and sex-dimorphic effects on memory. Thus, astrocytes are sex-dependent modulators of cognitive function and may promote sex differences in aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Meadows
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Fernando Palaguachi
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Minwoo Wendy Jang
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Avital Licht-Murava
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Daniel Barnett
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Till S Zimmer
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Constance Zhou
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Samantha R McDonough
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Adam L Orr
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Anna G Orr
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Li C, Tian H, Li R, Jia F, Wang L, Ma X, Yang L, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Yao K, Zhuo C. Molecular mechanisms of quetiapine bidirectional regulation of bipolar depression and mania based on network pharmacology and molecular docking: Evidence from computational biology. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:528-539. [PMID: 38518857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quetiapine monotherapy is recommended as the first-line option for acute mania and acute bipolar depression. However, the mechanism of action of quetiapine is unclear. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were employed to determine the molecular mechanisms of quetiapine bidirectional regulation of bipolar depression and mania. METHODS Putative target genes for quetiapine were collected from the GeneCard, SwissTargetPrediction, and DrugBank databases. Targets for bipolar depression and bipolar mania were identified from the DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was generated using the String database and imported into Cytoscape. DAVID and the Bioinformatics platform were employed to perform the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of the top 15 core targets. The drug-pathway-target-disease network was constructed using Cytoscape. Finally, molecular docking was performed to evaluate the interactions between quetiapine and potential targets. RESULTS Targets for quetiapine actions against bipolar depression (126 targets) and bipolar mania (81 targets) were identified. Based on PPI and KEGG pathway analyses, quetiapine may affect bipolar depression by targeting the MAPK and PI3K/AKT insulin signaling pathways via BDNF, INS, EGFR, IGF1, and NGF, and it may affect bipolar mania by targeting the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway via HTR1A, HTR1B, HTR2A, DRD2, and GRIN2B. Molecular docking revealed good binding affinity between quetiapine and potential targets. LIMITATIONS Pharmacological experiments should be conducted to verify and further explore these results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that quetiapine affects bipolar depression and bipolar mania through distinct biological core targets, and thus through different mechanisms. Furthermore, our results provide a theoretical basis for the clinical use of quetiapine and possible directions for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Computational Biology Centre (CBC), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China; Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PGNP_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Animal Imaging Center (AIC) of Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China
| | - Ranli Li
- Computational Biology Centre (CBC), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Feng Jia
- Computational Biology Centre (CBC), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PGNP_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PGNP_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PGNP_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PGNP_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PGNP_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Kaifang Yao
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PGNP_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Computational Biology Centre (CBC), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China; Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PGNP_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China.
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3
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Ung DC, Pietrancosta N, Badillo EB, Raux B, Tapken D, Zlatanovic A, Doridant A, Pode-Shakked B, Raas-Rothschild A, Elpeleg O, Abu-Libdeh B, Hamed N, Papon MA, Marouillat S, Thépault RA, Stevanin G, Elegheert J, Letellier M, Hollmann M, Lambolez B, Tricoire L, Toutain A, Hepp R, Laumonnier F. GRID1/GluD1 homozygous variants linked to intellectual disability and spastic paraplegia impair mGlu1/5 receptor signaling and excitatory synapses. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1205-1215. [PMID: 38418578 PMCID: PMC11176079 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02469-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The ionotropic glutamate delta receptor GluD1, encoded by the GRID1 gene, is involved in synapse formation, function, and plasticity. GluD1 does not bind glutamate, but instead cerebellin and D-serine, which allow the formation of trans-synaptic bridges, and trigger transmembrane signaling. Despite wide expression in the nervous system, pathogenic GRID1 variants have not been characterized in humans so far. We report homozygous missense GRID1 variants in five individuals from two unrelated consanguineous families presenting with intellectual disability and spastic paraplegia, without (p.Thr752Met) or with (p.Arg161His) diagnosis of glaucoma, a threefold phenotypic association whose genetic bases had not been elucidated previously. Molecular modeling and electrophysiological recordings indicated that Arg161His and Thr752Met mutations alter the hinge between GluD1 cerebellin and D-serine binding domains and the function of this latter domain, respectively. Expression, trafficking, physical interaction with metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu1, and cerebellin binding of GluD1 mutants were not conspicuously altered. Conversely, upon expression in neurons of dissociated or organotypic slice cultures, we found that both GluD1 mutants hampered metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu1/5 signaling via Ca2+ and the ERK pathway and impaired dendrite morphology and excitatory synapse density. These results show that the clinical phenotypes are distinct entities segregating in the families as an autosomal recessive trait, and caused by pathophysiological effects of GluD1 mutants involving metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling and neuronal connectivity. Our findings unravel the importance of GluD1 receptor signaling in sensory, cognitive and motor functions of the human nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dévina C Ung
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 75005, Paris, France
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Brigitt Raux
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Tapken
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andjela Zlatanovic
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Doridant
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ben Pode-Shakked
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hahsomer, 5262000, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5262000, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Annick Raas-Rothschild
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hahsomer, 5262000, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bassam Abu-Libdeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Makassed Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Nasrin Hamed
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hahsomer, 5262000, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Univ. Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287 CNRS EPHE, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Michael Hollmann
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bertrand Lambolez
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Tricoire
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Annick Toutain
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37032, Tours, France.
- Unité fonctionnelle de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37044, Tours, France.
| | - Régine Hepp
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Laumonnier
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37032, Tours, France.
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37044, Tours, France.
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4
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Allen JP, Garber KB, Perszyk R, Khayat CT, Kell SA, Kaneko M, Quindipan C, Saitta S, Ladda RL, Hewson S, Inbar-Feigenberg M, Prasad C, Prasad AN, Olewiler L, Mu W, Rosenthal LS, Scala M, Striano P, Zara F, McCullock TW, Jauss RT, Lemke JR, MacLean DM, Zhu C, Yuan H, Myers SJ, Traynelis SF. Clinical features, functional consequences, and rescue pharmacology of missense GRID1 and GRID2 human variants. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:355-373. [PMID: 37944084 PMCID: PMC10840383 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
GRID1 and GRID2 encode the enigmatic GluD1 and GluD2 proteins, which form tetrameric receptors that play important roles in synapse organization and development of the central nervous system. Variation in these genes has been implicated in neurodevelopmental phenotypes. We evaluated GRID1 and GRID2 human variants from the literature, ClinVar, and clinical laboratories and found that many of these variants reside in intolerant domains, including the amino terminal domain of both GRID1 and GRID2. Other conserved regions, such as the M3 transmembrane domain, show different intolerance between GRID1 and GRID2. We introduced these variants into GluD1 and GluD2 cDNA and performed electrophysiological and biochemical assays to investigate the mechanisms of dysfunction of GRID1/2 variants. One variant in the GRID1 distal amino terminal domain resides at a position predicted to interact with Cbln2/Cbln4, and the variant disrupts complex formation between GluD1 and Cbln2, which could perturb its role in synapse organization. We also discovered that, like the lurcher mutation (GluD2-A654T), other rare variants in the GRID2 M3 domain create constitutively active receptors that share similar pathogenic phenotypes. We also found that the SCHEMA schizophrenia M3 variant GluD1-A650T produced constitutively active receptors. We tested a variety of compounds for their ability to inhibit constitutive currents of GluD receptor variants and found that pentamidine potently inhibited GluD2-T649A constitutive channels (IC50 50 nM). These results identify regions of intolerance to variation in the GRID genes, illustrate the functional consequences of GRID1 and GRID2 variants, and suggest how these receptors function normally and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Allen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Kathryn B Garber
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St., Atlanta GA 30322, United States
- EGL Genetics, 2460 Mountain Industrial Blvd., Tucker, GA 30084, United States
| | - Riley Perszyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Cara T Khayat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Steven A Kell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1515 Dickey Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Maki Kaneko
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States
| | - Catherine Quindipan
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States
| | - Sulagna Saitta
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics, OBGYN and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 200 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Roger L Ladda
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, 600 University Dr, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Stacy Hewson
- Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Michal Inbar-Feigenberg
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children and Pediatrics, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Chitra Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics (Section of Genetics and Metabolism), Western University and Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Children’s Hospital LHSC, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6A5W9, Canada
| | - Asuri N Prasad
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University and Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Children’s Hospital LHSC, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6A5W9, Canada
| | - Leah Olewiler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Weiyi Mu
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore MD 21287, United States
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N. Caroline St., Baltimore MD 21287, United States
| | - Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Largo Paolo Daneo, 3, 16132 Genova GE, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Pavilion 16, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 516147 Genoa GE, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Largo Paolo Daneo, 3, 16132 Genova GE, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Pavilion 16, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 516147 Genoa GE, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Pavilion 20, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 516147 Genoa GE, Italy
| | - Tyler W McCullock
- Department Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester NY, 14642, United States
| | - Robin-Tobias Jauss
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, Haus W, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, Haus W, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - David M MacLean
- Department Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester NY, 14642, United States
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Scott J Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Emory Neurodegenerative Disease Center, 615 Michael St., Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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5
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Weiss F, Caruso V, De Rosa U, Beatino MF, Barbuti M, Nicoletti F, Perugi G. The role of NMDA receptors in bipolar disorder: A systematic review. Bipolar Disord 2023; 25:624-636. [PMID: 37208966 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glutamatergic transmission and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have been implicated in the pathophysiology schizophrenic spectrum and major depressive disorders. Less is known about the role of NMDARs in bipolar disorder (BD). The present systematic review aimed to investigate the role of NMDARs in BD, along with its possible neurobiological and clinical implications. METHODS We performed a computerized literature research on PubMed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, using the following string: (("Bipolar Disorder"[Mesh]) OR (manic-depressive disorder[Mesh]) OR ("BD") OR ("MDD")) AND ((NMDA [Mesh]) OR (N-methyl-D-aspartate) OR (NMDAR[Mesh]) OR (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor)). RESULTS Genetic studies yield conflicting results, and the most studied candidate for an association with BD is the GRIN2B gene. Postmortem expression studies (in situ hybridization and autoradiographic and immunological studies) are also contradictory but suggest a reduced activity of NMDARs in the prefrontal, superior temporal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Glutamatergic transmission and NMDARs do not appear to be primarily involved in the pathophysiology of BD, but they might be linked to the severity and chronicity of the disorder. Disease progression could be associated with a long phase of enhanced glutamatergic transmission, with ensuing excitotoxicity and neuronal damage, resulting into a reduced density of functional NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Weiss
- Psychiatry 2 Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Caruso
- Psychiatry 2 Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo De Rosa
- Psychiatry 2 Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Beatino
- Psychiatry 2 Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Barbuti
- Psychiatry 2 Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giulio Perugi
- Psychiatry 2 Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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6
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Seregin AA, Smirnova LP, Dmitrieva EM, Zavialova MG, Simutkin GG, Ivanova SA. Differential Expression of Proteins Associated with Bipolar Disorder as Identified Using the PeptideShaker Software. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15250. [PMID: 37894929 PMCID: PMC10607299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of bipolar disorder (BD) in modern society is growing rapidly, but due to the lack of paraclinical criteria, its differential diagnosis with other mental disorders is somewhat challenging. In this regard, the relevance of proteomic studies is increasing due to the development of methods for processing large data arrays; this contributes to the discovery of protein patterns of pathological processes and the creation of new methods of diagnosis and treatment. It seems promising to search for proteins involved in the pathogenesis of BD in an easily accessible material-blood serum. Sera from BD patients and healthy individuals were purified via affinity chromatography to isolate 14 major proteins and separated using 1D SDS-PAGE. After trypsinolysis, the proteins in the samples were identified via HPLC/mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometric data were processed using the OMSSA and X!Tandem search algorithms using the UniProtKB database, and the results were analyzed using PeptideShaker. Differences in proteomes were assessed via an unlabeled NSAF-based analysis using a two-tailed Bonferroni-adjusted t-test. When comparing the blood serum proteomes of BD patients and healthy individuals, 10 proteins showed significant differences in NSAF values. Of these, four proteins were predominantly present in BD patients with the maximum NSAF value: 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta; ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 7; transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3; and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 protein. Further exploration of the role of these proteins in BD is warranted; conducting such studies will help develop new paraclinical criteria and discover new targets for BD drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Seregin
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634014, Russia; (A.A.S.)
| | - Liudmila P. Smirnova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634014, Russia; (A.A.S.)
| | - Elena M. Dmitrieva
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634014, Russia; (A.A.S.)
| | | | - German G. Simutkin
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634014, Russia; (A.A.S.)
| | - Svetlana A. Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634014, Russia; (A.A.S.)
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7
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Feuer KL, Peng X, Yovo CK, Avramopoulos D. DPYSL2/CRMP2 isoform B knockout in human iPSC-derived glutamatergic neurons confirms its role in mTOR signaling and neurodevelopmental disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4353-4362. [PMID: 37479784 PMCID: PMC11138811 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The DPYSL2/CRMP2 gene encodes a microtubule-stabilizing protein crucial for neurogenesis and is associated with numerous psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease. DPYSL2 generates multiple RNA and protein isoforms, but few studies have differentiated between them. We previously reported an association of a functional variant in the DPYSL2-B isoform with schizophrenia (SCZ) and demonstrated in HEK293 cells that this variant reduced the length of cellular projections and created transcriptomic changes that captured schizophrenia etiology by disrupting mTOR signaling-mediated regulation. In the present study, we follow up on these results by creating, to our knowledge, the first models of endogenous DPYSL2-B knockout in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and neurons. CRISPR/Cas9-faciliated knockout of DPYSL2-B in iPSCs followed by Ngn2-induced differentiation to glutamatergic neurons showed a reduction in DPYSL2-B/CRMP2-B RNA and protein with no observable impact on DPYSL2-A/CRMP2-A. The average length of dendrites in knockout neurons was reduced up to 58% compared to controls. Transcriptome analysis revealed disruptions in pathways highly relevant to psychiatric disease including mTOR signaling, cytoskeletal dynamics, immune function, calcium signaling, and cholesterol biosynthesis. We also observed a significant enrichment of the differentially expressed genes in SCZ-associated loci from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our findings expand our previous results to neuronal cells, clarify the functions of the human DPYSL2-B isoform and confirm its involvement in molecular pathologies shared between many psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra L Feuer
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xi Peng
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian K Yovo
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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8
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Masternak M, Koch A, Laulumaa S, Tapken D, Hollmann M, Jørgensen FS, Kastrup JS. Differences between the GluD1 and GluD2 receptors revealed by GluD1 X-ray crystallography, binding studies and molecular dynamics. FEBS J 2023; 290:3781-3801. [PMID: 36128700 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels essential for fast excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. In contrast to most other members of the iGluR family, the subfamily of delta receptors, GluD1 and GluD2, does not bind glutamate but glycine/D-serine. GluD1 is widely expressed in the brain and the inner ear, where it is required for high-frequency hearing. Furthermore, it has been associated with schizophrenia, autism and depression. X-ray structures of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of GluD2 have been published; however, no high-resolution structure is available for the ligand-binding domain of GluD1 (GluD1-LBD). Here, we report the X-ray crystal structure of the GluD1-LBD in its apo form at 2.57 Å resolution. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we show that D-serine binds to the GluD1-LBD in an exothermic manner with a Kd of 160 μm, which is approximately five-fold greater than at GluD2. Furthermore, we identify Glu822 as a critical determinant of receptor activation in GluD1 A654T. In contrast to studies on the GluD2 lurcher mutant A654T, we did not observe any effect of 1 mm D-serine on the spontaneous currents at mouse GluD1 A654T by electrophysiological recordings of Xenopus laevis oocytes as previously also reported by others. These results point towards differences in the structure and dynamics between GluD1 and GluD2. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to address this observation, suggesting that the apo structure of GluD1 is less flexible than the apo structure of GluD2 and that Pro725 in GluD1 may affect the interlobe closure of the ligand-binding domain of GluD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Masternak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angela Koch
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Saara Laulumaa
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Tapken
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Hollmann
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Flemming Steen Jørgensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Cluster on Personalised Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Cluster on Molecular Neuroprotection, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Gabriel DB, Liley AE, Franks H, Minnes GL, Tutaj M, Dwinell MR, de Jong T, Williams RW, Mulligan MK, Chen H, Simon NW. Divergent risky decision-making and impulsivity behaviors in Lewis rat substrains with low genetic difference. Behav Neurosci 2023; 137:254-267. [PMID: 37104777 PMCID: PMC10524952 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with a cluster of cognitive disturbances that engender vulnerability to ongoing drug seeking and relapse. Two of these endophenotypes-risky decision-making and impulsivity-are amplified in individuals with SUD and are augmented by repeated exposure to illicit drugs. Identifying genetic factors underlying variability in these behavioral patterns is critical for early identification, prevention, and treatment of SUD-vulnerable individuals. Here, we compared risky decision-making and different facets of impulsivity between two fully inbred substrains of Lewis rats-LEW/NCrl and LEW/NHsd. We performed whole genome sequencing of both substrains to identify almost all relevant variants. We observed substantial differences in risky decision-making and impulsive behaviors. Relative to LEW/NHsd, the LEW/NCrl substrain accepts higher risk options in a decision-making task and higher rates of premature responses in the differential reinforcement of low rates of responding task. These phenotypic differences were more pronounced in females than males. We defined a total of ∼9,000 polymorphisms between these substrains at 40× whole genome short-read coverage. Roughly half of variants are located within a single 1.5 Mb region of Chromosome 8, but none impact protein-coding regions. In contrast, other variants are widely distributed, and of these, 38 are predicted to cause protein-coding variants. In conclusion, Lewis rat substrains differ significantly in risk-taking and impulsivity and only a small number of easily mapped variants are likely to be causal. Sequencing combined with a reduced complexity cross should enable identification of one or more variants underlying multiple complex addiction-relevant behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna E. Liley
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis TN 38152
| | - Hunter Franks
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis TN 38105
| | - Grace L. Minnes
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis TN 38152
| | - Monika Tutaj
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226
| | - Melinda R. Dwinell
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226
| | - Tristan de Jong
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN 38163
| | - Robert W. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN 38163
| | - Megan K. Mulligan
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN 38163
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN 38163
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10
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Elevated Hippocampal CRMP5 Mediates Chronic Stress-Induced Cognitive Deficits by Disrupting Synaptic Plasticity, Hindering AMPAR Trafficking, and Triggering Cytokine Release. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054898. [PMID: 36902337 PMCID: PMC10003309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is a critical risk factor for developing depression, which can impair cognitive function. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in chronic stress-induced cognitive deficits remain unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric-related disorders. Thus, the study aims to examine whether CRMPs modulate chronic stress-induced cognitive impairment. We used the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm to mimic stressful life situations in C57BL/6 mice. In this study, we found that CUS-treated mice exhibited cognitive decline and increased hippocampal CRMP2 and CRMP5 expression. In contrast to CRMP2, CRMP5 levels strongly correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment. Decreasing hippocampal CRMP5 levels through shRNA injection rescued CUS-induced cognitive impairment, whereas increasing CRMP5 levels in control mice exacerbated memory decline after subthreshold stress treatment. Mechanistically, hippocampal CRMP5 suppression by regulating glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation alleviates chronic stress-induced synaptic atrophy, disruption of AMPA receptor trafficking, and cytokine storms. Our findings show that hippocampal CRMP5 accumulation through GR activation disrupts synaptic plasticity, impedes AMPAR trafficking, and triggers cytokine release, thus playing a critical role in chronic stress-induced cognitive deficits.
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11
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Suzuki H, Li S, Tokutomi T, Takeuchi C, Takahashi M, Yamada M, Okuno H, Miya F, Takenouchi T, Numabe H, Kosaki K, Ohshima T. De novo non-synonymous DPYSL2 (CRMP2) variants in two patients with intellectual disabilities and documentation of functional relevance through zebrafish rescue and cellular transfection experiments. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:4173-4182. [PMID: 35861646 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (Crmp2) is an evolutionarily well-conserved tubulin-binding cytosolic protein that plays critical roles in the formation of neural circuitry in model organisms including zebrafish and rodents. No clinical evidence that CRMP2 variants are responsible for monogenic neurogenic disorders in humans presently exists. Here, we describe two patients with de novo non-synonymous variants (S14R and R565C) of CRMP2 and intellectual disability associated with hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. We further performed various functional assays of CRMP2 variants using zebrafish and zebrafish Crmp2 (abbreviated as z-CRMP2 hereafter) and an antisense morpholino oligonucleotide [AMO]-based experimental system in which crmp2-morphant zebrafish exhibit the ectopic positioning of caudal primary (CaP) motor neurons. Whereas the co-injection of wild-type z-CRMP2 mRNA suppressed the ectopic positioning of CaP motor neurons in Crmp2-morphant zebrafish, the co-injection of R566C or S15R, z-CRMP2, which corresponds to R565C and S14R of human CRMP2, failed to rescue the ectopic positioning. Transfection experiments of zebrafish or rat Crmp2 using plasmid vectors in HeLa cells, with or without a proteasome inhibitor, demonstrated that the expression levels of mutant Crmp2 protein encoded by R565C and S14R CRMP2 variants were decreased, presumably because of increased degradation by proteasomes. When we compared CRMP2-tubulin interactions using co-immunoprecipitation and cellular localization studies, the R565C and S14R mutations weakened the interactions. These results collectively suggest that the CRMP2 variants detected in the present study consistently led to the loss-of-function of CRMP2 protein and support the notion that pathogenic variants in CRMP2 can cause intellectual disabilities in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Suzuki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Simo Li
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Tokutomi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Chisen Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Kita Medical and Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Takahashi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamiko Yamada
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Okuno
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Miya
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironao Numabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Kita Medical and Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Sahin S, Sudutan T, Kavla Y, Durcan E, Özogul YY, Poyraz BC, Sayitoglu M, Ozkaya HM, Kadioglu P. A Genetic Assessment of Dopamine Agonist-Induced Impulse Control Disorder in Patients with Prolactinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108:e275-e282. [PMID: 36494095 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dopamine agonist-induced (DA-induced) impulse control disorder (ICD) represents a group of behavioral disorders that are increasingly recognized in patients with prolactinoma. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the genetic component of the underlying mechanism of DA-induced ICD. METHODS Prolactinoma patients receiving dopamine agonist (cabergoline) treatment were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups: patients who developed ICD due to DA and patients who did not. Patients were evaluated for polymorphisms of the DRD1, DRD3, COMT, DDC, GRIN2B, TPH2, OPRK1, OPRM1, SLC6A4, SLC6A3, HTR2A genes. RESULTS Of the 72 prolactinoma patients using cabergoline, 20 were diagnosed with ICD. When patients with and without ICD were compared according to genotype frequencies; OPRK1/rs702764, DRD3/rs6280, HTR2A/rs6313, SLC6A4/rs7224199, GRIN2B/rs7301328, TPH2/rs7305115, COMT/rs4680, DRD1/rs4532 polymorphisms significantly increased in patients with DA-induced ICD. CONCLUSION Our results show that multiple neurotransmission systems affect DA-induced ICD in patients with prolactinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Sahin
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Sudutan
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasin Kavla
- Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Durcan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Yagiz Özogul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burc Cagri Poyraz
- Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muge Sayitoglu
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Mefkure Ozkaya
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Kadioglu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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YWHAH Genetic Variants are Associated with Increased Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Egyptian Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:1986-1999. [PMID: 35190930 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 Eta (14-3-3 η) biomarker platform is a relatively recent discovery with the potential to significantly address the diagnosis and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been implicated in inflammatory mechanisms in RA. We hypothesized a molecular association of the coding YWHAH gene and its expressed protein 14-3-3 η with hypoxia and angiogenesis in RA. One hundred healthy subjects and 100 RA patients were enrolled in the study. YWHAH gene expression was determined using quantitative PCR, and its gene polymorphism rs2858750 was assessed by Taqman genotyping assay. Serum levels of 14-3-3 η, HIF-1α, and VEGF were measured using the ELISA technique, and clinical parameters were routinely examined. In RA patients, significant positive correlations were found between 14-3-3 η, HIF-1α (r = 0.84), and VEGF (r = 0.85). YWHAH gene expression was upregulated 10.8 fold (CI 95% 10.1-11.5) in RA patients and significantly correlated with all disease activity parameters, ACPA, and levels of 14-3-3 η, HIF-1α, and VEGF. RA patients showed a higher frequency of YWHAH rs2858750 A allele than healthy subjects (p = 0.02). The risk A allele carriers showed higher disease activity parameters, ACPA, YWHAH gene expression, and increased serum levels of 14-3-3 η (p < 0.001), HIF-1α (p = 0.002), and VEGF (p = 0.001) than the G allele. Serum 14-3-3 η and its rs2858750 genetic variant are associated with increased hypoxia and angiogenesis in RA and activity, and severity of the disease.
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14
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Bi Y, Chen S, Shen Q, Guo Z, Ren D, Yuan F, Niu W, Ji L, Liu L, Han K, Yu T, Yang F, Wu X, Wang L, Li X, Yu S, Xu Y, He L, Shi Y, Zhang J, Li W, He G. Upregulation of DGCR8, a Candidate Predisposing to Schizophrenia in Han Chinese, Contributes to Phenotypic Deficits and Neuronal Migration Delay. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:873873. [PMID: 35492695 PMCID: PMC9051063 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.873873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
DiGeorge Syndrome Critical Region Gene 8 (DGCR8) is a key component of the microprocessor complex governing the maturation of most microRNAs, some of which participate in schizophrenia and neural development. Previous studies have found that the 22q11.2 locus, containing DGCR8, confers a risk of schizophrenia. However, the role of DGCR8 in schizophrenia and the early stage of neural development has remained unknown. In the present study, we try to identify the role of DGCR8 in schizophrenia from human samples and animal models. We found that the G allele and GG genotype of rs3757 in DGCR8 conferred a higher risk of schizophrenia, which likely resulted from higher expression of DGCR8 according to our test of dual-luciferase reporter system. Employed overexpression model in utero and adult mice, we also revealed that the aberrant increase of Dgcr8 delayed neuronal migration during embryological development and consequently triggered abnormal behaviors in adult mice. Together, these results demonstrate that DGCR8 may play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia through regulating neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqing Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenming Guo
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Decheng Ren
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yuan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibo Niu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangjie Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Han
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengping Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Sanders AR, Beecham GW, Guo S, Dawood K, Rieger G, Krishnappa RS, Kolundzija AB, Bailey JM, Martin ER. Genome-Wide Linkage and Association Study of Childhood Gender Nonconformity in Males. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:3377-3383. [PMID: 34518958 PMCID: PMC8604823 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Male sexual orientation is influenced by environmental and complex genetic factors. Childhood gender nonconformity (CGN) is one of the strongest correlates of homosexuality with substantial familiality. We studied brothers in families with two or more homosexual brothers (409 concordant sibling pairs in 384 families, as well as their heterosexual brothers), who self-recalled their CGN. To map loci for CGN, we conducted a genome-wide linkage scan (GWLS) using SNP genotypes. The strongest linkage peaks, each with significant or suggestive two-point LOD scores and multipoint LOD score support, were on chromosomes 5q31 (maximum two-point LOD = 4.45), 6q12 (maximum two-point LOD = 3.64), 7q33 (maximum two-point LOD = 3.09), and 8q24 (maximum two-point LOD = 3.67), with the latter not overlapping with previously reported strongest linkage region for male sexual orientation on pericentromeric chromosome 8. Family-based association analyses were used to identify associated variants in the linkage regions, with a cluster of SNPs (minimum association p = 1.3 × 10-8) found at the 5q31 linkage peak. Genome-wide, clusters of multiple SNPs in the 10-6 to 10-8 p-value range were found at chromosomes 5p13, 5q31, 7q32, 8p22, and 10q23, highlighting glutamate-related genes. This is the first reported GWLS and genome-wide association study on CGN. Further increasing genetic knowledge about CGN and its relationships to male sexual orientation should help advance our understanding of the biology of these associated traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shengru Guo
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Khytam Dawood
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Gerulf Rieger
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Ritesha S Krishnappa
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst, NY, USA
| | | | - J Michael Bailey
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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16
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Motz CT, Kabat V, Saxena T, Bellamkonda RV, Zhu C. Neuromechanobiology: An Expanding Field Driven by the Force of Greater Focus. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100102. [PMID: 34342167 PMCID: PMC8497434 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain processes information by transmitting signals through highly connected and dynamic networks of neurons. Neurons use specific cellular structures, including axons, dendrites and synapses, and specific molecules, including cell adhesion molecules, ion channels and chemical receptors to form, maintain and communicate among cells in the networks. These cellular and molecular processes take place in environments rich of mechanical cues, thus offering ample opportunities for mechanical regulation of neural development and function. Recent studies have suggested the importance of mechanical cues and their potential regulatory roles in the development and maintenance of these neuronal structures. Also suggested are the importance of mechanical cues and their potential regulatory roles in the interaction and function of molecules mediating the interneuronal communications. In this review, the current understanding is integrated and promising future directions of neuromechanobiology are suggested at the cellular and molecular levels. Several neuronal processes where mechanics likely plays a role are examined and how forces affect ligand binding, conformational change, and signal induction of molecules key to these neuronal processes are indicated, especially at the synapse. The disease relevance of neuromechanobiology as well as therapies and engineering solutions to neurological disorders stemmed from this emergent field of study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara T Motz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
| | - Victoria Kabat
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
| | - Tarun Saxena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ravi V Bellamkonda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
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17
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Hansen KB, Wollmuth LP, Bowie D, Furukawa H, Menniti FS, Sobolevsky AI, Swanson GT, Swanger SA, Greger IH, Nakagawa T, McBain CJ, Jayaraman V, Low CM, Dell'Acqua ML, Diamond JS, Camp CR, Perszyk RE, Yuan H, Traynelis SF. Structure, Function, and Pharmacology of Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:298-487. [PMID: 34753794 PMCID: PMC8626789 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). These ligand-gated ion channels are critical to brain function and are centrally implicated in numerous psychiatric and neurologic disorders. There are different classes of iGluRs with a variety of receptor subtypes in each class that play distinct roles in neuronal functions. The diversity in iGluR subtypes, with their unique functional properties and physiologic roles, has motivated a large number of studies. Our understanding of receptor subtypes has advanced considerably since the first iGluR subunit gene was cloned in 1989, and the research focus has expanded to encompass facets of biology that have been recently discovered and to exploit experimental paradigms made possible by technological advances. Here, we review insights from more than 3 decades of iGluR studies with an emphasis on the progress that has occurred in the past decade. We cover structure, function, pharmacology, roles in neurophysiology, and therapeutic implications for all classes of receptors assembled from the subunits encoded by the 18 ionotropic glutamate receptor genes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Glutamate receptors play important roles in virtually all aspects of brain function and are either involved in mediating some clinical features of neurological disease or represent a therapeutic target for treatment. Therefore, understanding the structure, function, and pharmacology of this class of receptors will advance our understanding of many aspects of brain function at molecular, cellular, and system levels and provide new opportunities to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Hansen
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Derek Bowie
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Frank S Menniti
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Geoffrey T Swanson
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Sharon A Swanger
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Ingo H Greger
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Terunaga Nakagawa
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chris J McBain
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Vasanthi Jayaraman
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chian-Ming Low
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Jeffrey S Diamond
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chad R Camp
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Riley E Perszyk
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
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18
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Izumi R, Hino M, Nagaoka A, Shishido R, Kakita A, Hoshino M, Kunii Y, Yabe H. Dysregulation of DPYSL2 expression by mTOR signaling in schizophrenia: Multi-level study of postmortem brain. Neurosci Res 2021; 175:73-81. [PMID: 34543692 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-signaling and dihydropyrimidinase-like 2 (DPYSL2), which are increasingly gaining attention as potential therapeutic targets for schizophrenia, are connected via Cap-dependent translation of the 5'TOP motif. We quantified the expression of molecules constituting the mTOR-signaling and DPYSL2 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) of postmortem brain tissue samples from 24 patients with schizophrenia and 32 control individuals and conducted association analysis to examine abnormal regulation of DPYSL2 expression by the mTOR-signaling in schizophrenia. The average ribosomal protein S6 (S6) levels in the PFC and STG were lower in patients with schizophrenia (p < 0.01). DPYSL2 expression showed a significant positive correlation with phospho-S6 expression levels, which were effectors of mTOR translational regulation, and the correlation slope between phospho-S6 and DPYSL2 expressions differed between cases and controls. Association analyses of these mTOR-signaling and DPYSL2 alterations with genetic polymorphisms and the clinical profile suggested that certain genetic variants of DPYSL2 require high mTOR-signaling activity. Thus, the findings confirmed decreased S6 expression levels in schizophrenia and supported the relationship between the mTOR-signaling and DPYSL2 via 5'TOP Cap-dependent translation, thus providing insights connecting the two major schizophrenia treatment strategies associated with the mTOR-signaling and DPYSL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Izumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Psychology, Takeda General Hospital, Aizuwakamatu, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Risa Shishido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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19
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Goes FS, Pirooznia M, Tehan M, Zandi PP, McGrath J, Wolyniec P, Nestadt G, Pulver AE. De novo variation in bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4127-4136. [PMID: 31776463 PMCID: PMC10754065 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common, highly heritable disorder that affects 1-2% of the world's population. To date, most genetic studies of BD have focused on common gene variation, and while robustly associated loci have been identified, a substantial proportion of the heritability remains missing and could be partially attributable to rare variation. In this study, we apply a de novo paradigm in BD to identify newly arisen variants that have yet to undergo natural selection and may represent highly pathogenic variants. We performed whole genome sequencing of 97 trios of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, selecting "simplex" families with no family history of BD and an early age of onset. We found a total of 6882 de novo variants (an average of 70.9 ± 12.9 S.D. variants per trio), including 107 variants within protein-coding genes. We combined our exonic variations with the results of 79 previously published BD trios, identifying 20 loss-of-function (LoF) and 77 missense damaging de novo variants in BD. These variants showed significant enrichment for constrained genes and for genes located to the postsynaptic density (PSD) (all Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05). Pathway analyses showed enrichment in several pathways, including "Phosphoinositides (PI) and their downstream targets" (Bonferroni p = 4.2 × 10-6), a pathway prominently featured in lithium's hypothesized mechanism of action. In addition, while we found overall evidence for transmission of common variant polygenic risk of BD in our full sample (pTDT p = 2.21 × 10-4), specific trios with LoF variants showed no evidence of polygenic transmission. In sum, our findings support the de novo paradigm as a contributor to the genetic architecture of BD and provide evidence that constrained genes, as well as genes within the PSD and PI pathway harbor rare variation associated with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando S Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 202, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 202, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Martin Tehan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 202, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 202, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - John McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 202, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Paula Wolyniec
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 202, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 202, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ann E Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 202, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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20
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Gawande DY, Shelkar GP, Liu J, Ayala AD, Pavuluri R, Choi D, Smith Y, Dravid SM. Glutamate Delta-1 Receptor Regulates Inhibitory Neurotransmission in the Nucleus Accumbens Core and Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4787-4801. [PMID: 34173171 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate delta-1 receptor (GluD1) is a member of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family expressed at excitatory synapses and functions as a synaptogenic protein by interacting with presynaptic neurexin. We have previously shown that GluD1 plays a role in the maintenance of excitatory synapses in a region-specific manner. Loss of GluD1 leads to reduced excitatory neurotransmission in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the dorsal striatum, but not in the ventral striatum (both core and shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAc)). Here, we found that GluD1 loss leads to reduced inhibitory neurotransmission in MSNs of the NAc core as evidenced by a reduction in the miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current frequency and amplitude. Presynaptic effect of GluD1 loss was further supported by an increase in paired pulse ratio of evoked inhibitory responses indicating reduced release probability. Furthermore, analysis of GAD67 puncta indicated a reduction in the number of putative inhibitory terminals. The changes in mIPSC were independent of cannabinoid or dopamine signaling. A role of feed-forward inhibition was tested by selective ablation of GluD1 from PV neurons which produced modest reduction in mIPSCs. Behaviorally, local ablation of GluD1 from NAc led to hypolocomotion and affected anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. When GluD1 was ablated from the dorsal striatum, several behavioral phenotypes were altered in opposite manner compared to GluD1 ablation from NAc. Our findings demonstrate that GluD1 regulates inhibitory neurotransmission in the NAc by a combination of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms which is critical for motor control and behaviors relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Y Gawande
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Gajanan P Shelkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jinxu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Anna D Ayala
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ratnamala Pavuluri
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Diane Choi
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- UDALL Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- UDALL Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Shashank M Dravid
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA.
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21
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Andrews PC, Dravid SM. An emerging map of glutamate delta 1 receptors in the forebrain. Neuropharmacology 2021; 192:108587. [PMID: 33992669 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate delta 1 (GluD1) and glutamate delta 2 (GluD2) form the delta family of ionotropic glutamate receptors; these proteins plays widespread roles in synaptic architecture, motor behavior, and cognitive function. Though the role of GluD2 at cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses is well established, attention now turns to the function of GluD receptors in the forebrain. GluD1 regulates synaptic assembly and modulation in multiple higher brain regions, acting as a postsynaptic cell adhesion molecule with effects on both excitatory and inhibitory transmission. Furthermore, variations and mutations in the GRID1 gene, which codes for GluD1, and in genes which code for proteins functionally linked to GluD1, are associated with mental disorders including autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. Cerebellin (Cbln) family proteins, the primary binding partners of delta receptors, are secreted C1q-like proteins which also bind presynaptic neurexins (NRXNs), forming a tripartite synaptic bridge. Published research explores this bridge's function in regions including the striatum, hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum. In this review, we summarize region- and circuit-specific functions and expression patterns for GluD1 and its related proteins, and their implications for behavior and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Andrews
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shashank M Dravid
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA.
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22
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Lin YF, Chen KC, Yang YK, Hsiao YH. Collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) modulates susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress in mice. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3175-3186. [PMID: 33638112 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5), a member of the CRMP family, is expressed in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus, an area of the brain that can modulate stress responses. Social stress has a well-known detrimental effect on health and can lead to depression, but not all individuals are equally sensitive to stress. To date, researchers have not conclusively determined how social stress increases the susceptibility of the brain to depression. Here, we used the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model and observed higher hippocampal CRMP5 expression in stress-susceptible (SS) mice than in control and stress-resilient (RES) mice. A negative correlation was observed between the expression levels of CRMP5 and the social interaction (SI) ratio. Reduced hippocampal CRMP5 expression increased the SI ratio in SS mice, whereas CRMP5 overexpression was sufficient to induce social avoidance behaviors in control mice following exposure to subthreshold social stress induced by lentivirus-based overexpression and inducible tetracycline-on strategies to upregulate CRMP5. Interestingly, increased CRMP5 expression in SS and lenti-CRMP5-treated mice also caused serum corticosterone concentrations to increase. These findings improve our understanding of the potential mechanism by which CRMP5 triggers susceptibility to social stress, and they support the further development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of stress disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kao Chin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsin Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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23
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Ou GY, Lin WW, Zhao WJ. Neuregulins in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:662474. [PMID: 33897409 PMCID: PMC8064692 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.662474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are typically characterized by progressive neuronal loss and neurological dysfunctions in the nervous system, affecting both memory and motor functions. Neuregulins (NRGs) belong to the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like family of extracellular ligands and they play an important role in the development, maintenance, and repair of both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) through the ErbB signaling pathway. They also regulate multiple intercellular signal transduction and participate in a wide range of biological processes, such as differentiation, migration, and myelination. In this review article, we summarized research on the changes and roles of NRGs in neurodegenerative diseases, especially in AD. We elaborated on the structural features of each NRG subtype and roles of NRG/ErbB signaling networks in neurodegenerative diseases. We also discussed the therapeutic potential of NRGs in the symptom remission of neurodegenerative diseases, which may offer hope for advancing related treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-yong Ou
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wen-wen Lin
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wei-jiang Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Cell Biology Department, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-jiang Zhao
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Burada AP, Vinnakota R, Bharti P, Dutta P, Dubey N, Kumar J. Emerging insights into the structure and function of ionotropic glutamate delta receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:3612-3627. [DOI: 10.1111/bph.15313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ananth Prasad Burada
- Laboratory of Membrane Protein Biology National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University Pune India
| | - Rajesh Vinnakota
- Laboratory of Membrane Protein Biology National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University Pune India
| | - Pratibha Bharti
- Laboratory of Membrane Protein Biology National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University Pune India
| | - Priyanka Dutta
- Laboratory of Membrane Protein Biology National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University Pune India
| | - Neelima Dubey
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Lab Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth Tathawade Pune 411033 India
| | - Janesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Membrane Protein Biology National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University Pune India
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Trifu SC, Kohn B, Vlasie A, Patrichi BE. Genetics of schizophrenia (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3462-3468. [PMID: 32905096 PMCID: PMC7465115 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the body of genetic studies on schizophrenia seems even more daunting than the battle a psychiatrist wages daily in the office with her archenemy of a thousand faces. The following article reunites some genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors of schizophrenia from revered and vast studies in a chronological and progressive fashion. Twin studies set the basics of heritability and a particular study by Davis and Phelps considers the widely ignored influence of prenatal environment in the development of schizophrenia. Mostly ignited by linkage studies, candidate gene studies explore further by fine-mapping the hypothesized variants [mostly in the forms single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and less but with greater impact copy number variations (CNVs)] associated with the disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) increase considerably the sample sizes and thus the validity of the results, while the next-generation sequencing (NGS) attain the highest yet unreplicated level of validity results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Corina Trifu
- Department of Neurosciences, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bianca Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry, 'Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia' Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Vlasie
- Department of Psychiatry, 'Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia' Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Eduard Patrichi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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26
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Gantz SC, Moussawi K, Hake HS. Delta glutamate receptor conductance drives excitation of mouse dorsal raphe neurons. eLife 2020; 9:e56054. [PMID: 32234214 PMCID: PMC7180053 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus is the predominant source of central serotonin, where neuronal activity regulates complex emotional behaviors. Action potential firing of serotonin dorsal raphe neurons is driven via α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-AR) activation. Despite this crucial role, the ion channels responsible for α1-AR-mediated depolarization are unknown. Here, we show in mouse brain slices that α1-AR-mediated excitatory synaptic transmission is mediated by the ionotropic glutamate receptor homolog cation channel, delta glutamate receptor 1 (GluD1). GluD1R-channels are constitutively active under basal conditions carrying tonic inward current and synaptic activation of α1-ARs augments tonic GluD1R-channel current. Further, loss of dorsal raphe GluD1R-channels produces an anxiogenic phenotype. Thus, GluD1R-channels are responsible for α1-AR-dependent induction of persistent pacemaker-type firing of dorsal raphe neurons and regulate dorsal raphe-related behavior. Given the widespread distribution of these channels, ion channel function of GluD1R as a regulator of neuronal excitability is proposed to be widespread in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Gantz
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, Neurology DepartmentBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Holly S Hake
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
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27
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Genetic Factors of Nitric Oxide's System in Psychoneurologic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051604. [PMID: 32111088 PMCID: PMC7084194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the recent data, nitric oxide (NO) is a chemical messenger that mediates functions such as vasodilation and neurotransmission, as well as displaying antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. NO has been implicated in the neurotoxicity associated with stroke and neurodegenerative diseases; neural regulation of smooth muscle, including peristalsis; and penile erections. We searched for full-text English publications from the past 15 years in Pubmed and SNPedia databases using keywords and combined word searches (nitric oxide, single nucleotide variants, single nucleotide polymorphisms, genes). In addition, earlier publications of historical interest were included in the review. In our review, we have summarized information regarding all NOS1, NOS2, NOS3, and NOS1AP single nucleotide variants (SNVs) involved in the development of mental disorders and neurological diseases/conditions. The results of the studies we have discussed in this review are contradictory, which might be due to different designs of the studies, small sample sizes in some of them, and different social and geographical characteristics. However, the contribution of genetic and environmental factors has been understudied, which makes this issue increasingly important for researchers as the understanding of these mechanisms can support a search for new approaches to pathogenetic and disease-modifying treatment.
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Nakamoto C, Kawamura M, Nakatsukasa E, Natsume R, Takao K, Watanabe M, Abe M, Takeuchi T, Sakimura K. GluD1 knockout mice with a pure C57BL/6N background show impaired fear memory, social interaction, and enhanced depressive-like behavior. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229288. [PMID: 32078638 PMCID: PMC7032715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The GluD1 gene is associated with susceptibility for schizophrenia, autism, depression, and bipolar disorder. However, the function of GluD1 and how it is involved in these conditions remain elusive. In this study, we generated a Grid1 gene-knockout (GluD1-KO) mouse line with a pure C57BL/6N genetic background and performed several behavioral analyses. Compared to a control group, GluD1-KO mice showed no significant anxiety-related behavioral differences, evaluated using behavior in an open field, elevated plus maze, a light-dark transition test, the resident-intruder test of aggression and sensorimotor gating evaluated by the prepulse inhibition test. However, GluD1-KO mice showed (1) higher locomotor activity in the open field, (2) decreased sociability and social novelty preference in the three-chambered social interaction test, (3) impaired memory in contextual, but not cued fear conditioning tests, and (4) enhanced depressive-like behavior in a forced swim test. Pharmacological studies revealed that enhanced depressive-like behavior in GluD1-KO mice was restored by the serotonin reuptake inhibitors imipramine and fluoxetine, but not the norepinephrine transporter inhibitor desipramine. In addition, biochemical analysis revealed no significant difference in protein expression levels, such as other glutamate receptors in the synaptosome and postsynaptic densities prepared from the frontal cortex and the hippocampus. These results suggest that GluD1 plays critical roles in fear memory, sociability, and depressive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Nakamoto
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience–DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Meiko Kawamura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ena Nakatsukasa
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Rie Natsume
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- * E-mail: (TT); (MA)
| | - Tomonori Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience–DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail: (TT); (MA)
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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29
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Proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) gene polymorphisms and the risk of schizophrenia in Iranian populations. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To better understand the shared basis of language and mental health, this review examines the behavioral and neurobiological features of aberrant language in five major neuropsychiatric conditions. Special attention is paid to genes implicated in both language and neuropsychiatric disorders, as they reveal biological domains likely to underpin the processes controlling both. RECENT FINDINGS Abnormal language and communication are common manifestations of neuropsychiatric conditions, and children with impaired language are more likely to develop psychiatric disorders than their peers. Major themes in the genetics of both language and psychiatry include master transcriptional regulators, like FOXP2; key developmental regulators, like AUTS2; and mediators of neurotransmission, like GRIN2A and CACNA1C.
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31
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Liu J, Shelkar GP, Gandhi PJ, Gawande DY, Hoover A, Villalba RM, Pavuluri R, Smith Y, Dravid SM. Striatal glutamate delta-1 receptor regulates behavioral flexibility and thalamostriatal connectivity. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 137:104746. [PMID: 31945419 PMCID: PMC7204410 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired behavioral flexibility and repetitive behavior is a common phenotype in autism and other neuropsychiatric disorders, but the underlying synaptic mechanisms are poorly understood. The trans-synaptic glutamate delta (GluD)-Cerebellin 1-Neurexin complex, critical for synapse formation/maintenance, represents a vulnerable axis for neuropsychiatric diseases. We have previously found that GluD1 deletion results in reversal learning deficit and repetitive behavior. In this study, we show that selective ablation of GluD1 from the dorsal striatum impairs behavioral flexibility in a water T-maze task. We further found that striatal GluD1 is preferentially found in dendritic shafts, and more frequently associated with thalamic than cortical glutamatergic terminals suggesting localization to projections from the thalamic parafascicular nucleus (Pf). Conditional deletion of GluD1 from the striatum led to a selective loss of thalamic, but not cortical, terminals, and reduced glutamatergic neurotransmission. Optogenetic studies demonstrated functional changes at thalamostriatal synapses from the Pf, but no effect on the corticostriatal system, upon ablation of GluD1 in the dorsal striatum. These studies suggest a novel molecular mechanism by which genetic variations associated with neuropsychiatric disorders may impair behavioral flexibility, and reveal a unique principle by which GluD1 subunit regulates forebrain circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Gajanan P Shelkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Pauravi J Gandhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Dinesh Y Gawande
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Andrew Hoover
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; UDALL Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Rosa M Villalba
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; UDALL Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Ratnamala Pavuluri
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; UDALL Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Dept. Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shashank M Dravid
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
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32
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Yoshino Y, Dwivedi Y. Non-Coding RNAs in Psychiatric Disorders and Suicidal Behavior. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:543893. [PMID: 33101077 PMCID: PMC7522197 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.543893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that only a small proportion of the human genome code for proteins; the rest belong to the family of RNAs that do not code for protein and are known as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs are further divided into two subclasses based on size: 1) long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs; >200 nucleotides) and 2) small RNAs (<200 nucleotides). Small RNAs contain various family members that include microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). The roles of ncRNAs, especially lncRNAs and miRNAs, are well documented in brain development, homeostasis, stress responses, and neural plasticity. It has also been reported that ncRNAs can influence the development of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder. More recently, their roles are being investigated in suicidal behavior. In this article, we have comprehensively reviewed the findings of lncRNA and miRNA expression changes and their functions in various psychiatric disorders including suicidal behavior. We primarily focused on studies that have been done in postmortem human brain. In addition, we have briefly reviewed the role of other small RNAs (e.g. piwiRNA, siRNA, snRNA, and snoRNAs) and their expression changes in psychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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33
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Li Z, Liu L, Lin W, Zhou Y, Zhang G, Du X, Li Y, Tang W, Zhang X. NRG3 contributes to cognitive deficits in chronic patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 215:134-139. [PMID: 31753594 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficit is a fundamental trait of schizophrenia, but its mecwhanisms remain unknown. The neuregulin 3 (NRG3) gene, involving in neuronal function, has been considered to be associated with schizophrenia and cognition. However, no study has investigated the effects of NRG3 polymorphism on cognitive deficits in a large sample of the patients with schizophrenia. METHODS A total of 1112 schizophrenia patients and 423 controls were recruited and genotyped with NRG3 rs10748842. Among them, 864 patients and 403 controls were assessed for cognition through the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). SHEsis was applied and followed by logistic regression analysis. The models of analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were constructed to examine the effects of NRG3 rs10748842 on cognitive deficits. RESULTS No differences in NRG3 rs10748842 allele and genotype were found between patients and controls (both p > 0.05). With the exception of Visuospatial/construction, the other RBANS scores were significantly lower in patients compared to controls after adjusting for gender and education (all p < 0.001). Interestingly, we found that NRG3 rs10748842 was associated with cognitive deficit in schizophrenia, showing that patients carrying C allele had lower attention and total scores than those with TT genotype (both p < 0.05). CONCLUSION NRG3 rs10748842 may not confer susceptibility to schizophrenia, but may be more closely associated with cognitive deficit, especially attention performance in chronic schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangya Zhang
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Du
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Tang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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34
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Sun R, Xia X, Chong KC, Zee BCY, Wu WKK, Wang MH. wtest: an integrated R package for genetic epistasis testing. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:180. [PMID: 31874630 PMCID: PMC6929460 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing amount of high-throughput genomic sequencing data, there is a growing demand for a robust and flexible tool to perform interaction analysis. The identification of SNP-SNP, SNP-CpG, and higher order interactions helps explain the genetic etiology of human diseases, yet genome-wide analysis for interactions has been very challenging, due to the computational burden and a lack of statistical power in most datasets. RESULTS The wtest R package performs association testing for main effects, pairwise and high order interactions in genome-wide association study data, and cis-regulation of SNP and CpG sites in genome-wide and epigenome-wide data. The software includes a number of post-test diagnostic and analysis functions and offers an integrated toolset for genetic epistasis testing. CONCLUSIONS The wtest is an efficient and powerful statistical tool for integrated genetic epistasis testing. The package is available in CRAN: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=wtest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Division of Biostatistics and Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics(CCRB), JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xia
- Division of Biostatistics and Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics(CCRB), JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ka Chun Chong
- Division of Biostatistics and Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics(CCRB), JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Benny Chung-Ying Zee
- Division of Biostatistics and Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics(CCRB), JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Anesthesia, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maggie Haitian Wang
- Division of Biostatistics and Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics(CCRB), JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Centre for Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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35
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Fossati M, Assendorp N, Gemin O, Colasse S, Dingli F, Arras G, Loew D, Charrier C. Trans-Synaptic Signaling through the Glutamate Receptor Delta-1 Mediates Inhibitory Synapse Formation in Cortical Pyramidal Neurons. Neuron 2019; 104:1081-1094.e7. [PMID: 31704028 PMCID: PMC6926483 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fine orchestration of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic development is required for normal brain function, and alterations may cause neurodevelopmental disorders. Using sparse molecular manipulations in intact brain circuits, we show that the glutamate receptor delta-1 (GluD1), a member of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), is a postsynaptic organizer of inhibitory synapses in cortical pyramidal neurons. GluD1 is selectively required for the formation of inhibitory synapses and regulates GABAergic synaptic transmission accordingly. At inhibitory synapses, GluD1 interacts with cerebellin-4, an extracellular scaffolding protein secreted by somatostatin-expressing interneurons, which bridges postsynaptic GluD1 and presynaptic neurexins. When binding to its agonist glycine or D-serine, GluD1 elicits non-ionotropic postsynaptic signaling involving the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF12 and the regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 PPP1R12A. Thus, GluD1 defines a trans-synaptic interaction regulating postsynaptic signaling pathways for the proper establishment of cortical inhibitory connectivity and challenges the dichotomy between iGluRs and inhibitory synaptic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fossati
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nora Assendorp
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Gemin
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Colasse
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Guillaume Arras
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Cécile Charrier
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
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36
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Zhang C, Rong H. Genetic Advance in Depressive Disorder. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1180:19-57. [PMID: 31784956 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9271-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are both chronic, severe mood disorder with high misdiagnosis rate, leading to substantial health and economic burdens to patients around the world. There is a high misdiagnosis rate of bipolar depression (BD) just based on symptomology in depressed patients whose previous manic or mixed episodes have not been well recognized. Therefore, it is important for psychiatrists to identify these two major psychiatric disorders. Recently, with the accumulation of clinical sample sizes and the advances of methodology and technology, certain progress in the genetics of major depression and bipolar disorder has been made. This article reviews the candidate genes for MDD and BD, genetic variation loci, chromosome structural variation, new technologies, and new methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Han Rong
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Grubman A, Chew G, Ouyang JF, Sun G, Choo XY, McLean C, Simmons RK, Buckberry S, Vargas-Landin DB, Poppe D, Pflueger J, Lister R, Rackham OJL, Petretto E, Polo JM. A single-cell atlas of entorhinal cortex from individuals with Alzheimer's disease reveals cell-type-specific gene expression regulation. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:2087-2097. [PMID: 31768052 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is currently little information available about how individual cell types contribute to Alzheimer's disease. Here we applied single-nucleus RNA sequencing to entorhinal cortex samples from control and Alzheimer's disease brains (n = 6 per group), yielding a total of 13,214 high-quality nuclei. We detail cell-type-specific gene expression patterns, unveiling how transcriptional changes in specific cell subpopulations are associated with Alzheimer's disease. We report that the Alzheimer's disease risk gene APOE is specifically repressed in Alzheimer's disease oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and astrocyte subpopulations and upregulated in an Alzheimer's disease-specific microglial subopulation. Integrating transcription factor regulatory modules with Alzheimer's disease risk loci revealed drivers of cell-type-specific state transitions towards Alzheimer's disease. For example, transcription factor EB, a master regulator of lysosomal function, regulates multiple disease genes in a specific Alzheimer's disease astrocyte subpopulation. These results provide insights into the coordinated control of Alzheimer's disease risk genes and their cell-type-specific contribution to disease susceptibility. These results are available at http://adsn.ddnetbio.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabriel Chew
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John F Ouyang
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xin Yi Choo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Victorian Brain Bank, Florey Institute of Neurosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca K Simmons
- ARC Center of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sam Buckberry
- ARC Center of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dulce B Vargas-Landin
- ARC Center of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Poppe
- ARC Center of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jahnvi Pflueger
- ARC Center of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan Lister
- ARC Center of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Nakamoto C, Konno K, Miyazaki T, Nakatsukasa E, Natsume R, Abe M, Kawamura M, Fukazawa Y, Shigemoto R, Yamasaki M, Sakimura K, Watanabe M. Expression mapping, quantification, and complex formation of GluD1 and GluD2 glutamate receptors in adult mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:1003-1027. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Nakamoto
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Kohtarou Konno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Taisuke Miyazaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Faculty of Health Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Ena Nakatsukasa
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Rie Natsume
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Meiko Kawamura
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Yugo Fukazawa
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Life Science Advancement Program, Faculty of Medical Science University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Ryuichi Shigemoto
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria) Klosterneuburg Austria
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
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Toyoshima M, Jiang X, Ogawa T, Ohnishi T, Yoshihara S, Balan S, Yoshikawa T, Hirokawa N. Enhanced carbonyl stress induces irreversible multimerization of CRMP2 in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/5/e201900478. [PMID: 31591136 PMCID: PMC6781483 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced carbonyl stress results in neurodevelopmental deficits by affecting microtubule function through the formation of irreversible dysfunctional multimer of carbonylated CRMP2. Enhanced carbonyl stress underlies a subset of schizophrenia, but its causal effects remain elusive. Here, we elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of carbonyl stress in iPS cells in which the gene encoding zinc metalloenzyme glyoxalase I (GLO1), a crucial enzyme for the clearance of carbonyl stress, was disrupted. The iPS cells exhibited significant cellular and developmental deficits, and hyper-carbonylation of collapsing response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). Structural and biochemical analyses revealed an array of multiple carbonylation sites in the functional motifs of CRMP2, particularly D-hook (for dimerization) and T-site (for tetramerization), which are critical for the activity of the CRMP2 tetramer. Interestingly, carbonylated CRMP2 was stacked in the multimer conformation by irreversible cross-linking, resulting in loss of its unique function to bundle microtubules. Thus, the present study revealed that the enhanced carbonyl stress stemmed from the genetic aberrations results in neurodevelopmental deficits through the formation of irreversible dysfunctional multimer of carbonylated CRMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Xuguang Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Ogawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Shogo Yoshihara
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hirokawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan .,Center of Excellence in Genome Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Glutamate receptor metabotropic 7 (GRM7) gene polymorphisms in mood disorders and attention deficit hyperactive disorder. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) of the delta family (GluD1 and GluD2) and synaptogenesis. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Kim W, Won SY, Yoon BJ. CRMP2 mediates GSK3β actions in the striatum on regulating neuronal structure and mania-like behavior. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:1079-1088. [PMID: 30699850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and physiological studies have implicated the striatum in bipolar disorder (BD). Although Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) has been suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of BD since it is inhibited by lithium, it remains unknown how GSK3β activity might be involved. Therefore we examined the functional roles of GSK3β and one of its substrates, CRMP2, within the striatum. METHODS Using CRISPR-Cas9 system, we specifically ablated GSK3β in the striatal neurons in vivo and in vitro. Sholl analysis was performed for the structural studies of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion was measured to investigate the effects of gene ablations on the mania-like symptom of BD. RESULTS GSK3β deficiency in cultured neurons and in neurons of adult mouse brain caused opposite patterns of neurite changes. Furthermore, specific knockout of GSK3β in the MSNs of the indirect pathway significantly suppressed amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion. We demonstrated that these phenotypes of GSK3β ablation were mediated by CRMP2, a major substrate of GSK3β. LIMITATIONS Amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion only partially recapitulate the symptoms of BD. It requires further study to examine whether abnormality in GSK3β or CRMP2 is also involved in depression phase of BD. Additionally, we could not confirm whether the behavioral changes observed in GSK3β-ablated mice were indeed caused by the cellular structural changes observed in the striatal neurons. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that GSK3β and its substrate CRMP2 critically regulate the neurite structure of MSNs and their functions specifically within the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia network play a critical role in manifesting mania-like behavior of BD. Moreover, our data also suggest lithium may exert its effect on BD through a GSK3β-independent mechanism, in addition to the GSK3β inhibition-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonju Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Yeon Won
- Division of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-June Yoon
- Division of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Dysbindin-1 contributes to prefrontal cortical dendritic arbor pathology in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 201:270-277. [PMID: 29759351 PMCID: PMC6230503 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Deep layer III pyramidal cells in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder previously were shown to exhibit dendritic arbor pathology. This study sought to determine whether MARCKS, its regulatory protein dysbindin-1, and two proteins, identified using microarray data, CDC42BPA and ARHGEF6, were associated with dendritic arbor pathology in the DLPFC from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder subjects. Using western blotting, relative protein expression was assessed in the DLPFC (BA 46) grey matter from subjects with schizophrenia (n = 19), bipolar disorder (n = 17) and unaffected control subjects (n = 19). Protein expression data were then correlated with dendritic parameter data obtained previously. MARCKS and dysbindin-1a expression levels did not differ among the three groups. Dysbindin-1b expression was 26% higher in schizophrenia subjects (p = 0.01) and correlated inversely with basilar dendrite length (r = -0.31, p = 0.048) and the number of spines per basilar dendrite (r = -0.31, p = 0.048), but not with dendritic spine density (r = -0.16, p = 0.32). The protein expression of CDC42BPA was 33% higher in schizophrenia subjects (p = 0.03) but, did not correlate with any dendritic parameter (p > 0.05). ARHGEF6 87 kDa isoform expression did not differ among the groups. CDC42BPA expression was not altered in frontal cortex from rats chronically administered haloperidol or clozapine. Dysbindin-1b appears to play a role in dendritic arbor pathology observed previously in the DLPFC in schizophrenia.
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Glutamate delta-1 receptor regulates cocaine-induced plasticity in the nucleus accumbens. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:219. [PMID: 30315226 PMCID: PMC6185950 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine exposure induces plasticity of glutamatergic synapses of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which has been proposed to contribute to its addictive behavior. The mechanisms underlying cocaine-induced plasticity are not fully understood. The orphan glutamate delta-1 (GluD1) receptor is a member of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family but does not function as a typical ligand-gated ion channel. Instead it serves a synaptogenic function by interacting with presynaptic Neurexin protein. Recent neuroanatomical studies have demonstrated enriched expression of GluD1 in the NAc but its role in reward behavior, MSN function, and drug-induced plasticity remains unknown. Using a combination of constitutive and conditional GluD1 KO models, we evaluated the effect of GluD1 ablation on cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP) and cocaine-induced structural and functional plasticity. GluD1 KO mice showed higher cocaine CPP. Selective ablation of GluD1 from striatal neurons but not cortico-limbic excitatory neurons reproduced higher CPP. Higher cocaine preference in GluD1 KO correlated with an increase in spine density, greater maturation of dendritic spines, and basally upregulated spine-regulating active cofilin. GluD1 loss did not affect basal excitatory neurotransmission or plasticity but masked the generation of cocaine-induced silent synapses. Finally, loss of GluD1 increased the GluN2B subunit contribution to NMDA receptor currents in MSNs and a partial agonist of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors normalized the higher active cofilin and cocaine preference in GluD1 KO mice. Together, these findings demonstrate a critical role of GluD1 in controlling susceptibility to cocaine preference and cocaine-induced plasticity by modulating NMDA receptor subunit contribution.
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Yu T, Xia L, Bi D, Wang Y, Shang Q, Zhu D, Song J, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhu C, Xing Q. Association of NOS1 gene polymorphisms with cerebral palsy in a Han Chinese population: a case-control study. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:56. [PMID: 29940959 PMCID: PMC6019815 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is the leading cause of motor disability in children; however, its pathogenesis is unknown in most cases. Growing evidence suggests that Nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) is involved in neural development and neurologic diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether genetic variants of NOS1 contribute to CP susceptibility in a Han Chinese population. Methods A case-control study involving 652 CP patients and 636 healthy controls was conducted. Six SNPs in the NOS1 gene (rs3782219, rs6490121, rs2293054, rs10774909, rs3741475, and rs2682826) were selected, and the MassARRAY typing technique was applied for genotyping. Data analysis was conducted using SHEsis online software, and multiple test corrections were performed using SNPSpD online software. Results There were no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies between patients and controls for the SNPs except rs6490121, which deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and was excluded from further analyses. Subgroup analysis revealed differences in genotype frequencies between the CP with neonatal encephalopathy group (CP + NE) and control group for rs10774909, rs3741475, and rs2682826 (after SNPSpD correction, p = 0.004, 0.012, and 0.002, respectively). The T allele of NOS1 SNP rs3782219 was negatively associated with spastic quadriplegia (OR = 0.742, 95% CI = 0.600–0.918, after SNPSpD correction, p = 0.023). There were no differences in allele or genotype frequencies between CP subgroups and controls for the other genetic polymorphisms. Conclusions NOS1 is associated with CP + NE and spastic quadriplegia, suggesting that NOS1 is likely involved in the pathogenesis of CP and that it is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of cerebral injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-018-0374-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Wanyuan Road 399, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Kangfuqian Street 7, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Dan Bi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Kangfuqian Street 7, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yangong Wang
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Wanyuan Road 399, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Qing Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450053, China
| | - Dengna Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Kangfuqian Street 7, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Juan Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Kangfuqian Street 7, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Kangfuqian Street 7, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Kangfuqian Street 7, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Perinatal Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Kangfuqian Street 7, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden.
| | - Qinghe Xing
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Wanyuan Road 399, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China. .,Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Avramopoulos D. Recent Advances in the Genetics of Schizophrenia. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2018; 4:35-51. [PMID: 29998117 PMCID: PMC6032037 DOI: 10.1159/000488679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The last decade brought tremendous progress in the field of schizophrenia genetics. As a result of extensive collaborations and multiple technological advances, we now recognize many types of genetic variants that increase the risk. These include large copy number variants, rare coding inherited and de novο variants, and over 100 loci harboring common risk variants. While the type and contribution to the risk vary among genetic variants, there is concordance in the functions of genes they implicate, such as those whose RNA binds the fragile X-related protein FMRP and members of the activity-regulated cytoskeletal complex involved in learning and memory. Gene expression studies add important information on the biology of the disease and recapitulate the same functional gene groups. Studies of alternative phenotypes help us widen our understanding of the genetic architecture of mental function and dysfunction, how diseases overlap not only with each other but also with non-disease phenotypes. The challenge is to apply this new knowledge to prevention and treatment and help patients. The data generated so far and emerging technologies, including new methods in cell engineering, offer significant promise that in the next decade we will unlock the translational potential of these significant discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Liu J, Su B. Integrated analysis supports ATXN1 as a schizophrenia risk gene. Schizophr Res 2018; 195:298-305. [PMID: 29055568 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interaction (PPI) is informative in identifying hidden disease risk genes that tend to interact with known risk genes usually working together in the same disease module. With the use of an integrated approach combining PPI information with pathway and expression analysis as well as genome-wide association study (GWAS), we intended to find new risk genes for schizophrenia (SCZ). We showed that ATXN1 was the only direct PPI partner of the know SCZ risk gene ZNF804A, and it also had direct PPIs with other 18 known SCZ risk genes. ATXN1 serves as one of the hub genes in the PPI network containing many known SCZ risk genes, and this network is significantly enriched for the MAPK signaling pathway. Further gene expression analysis indicated that ATXN1 is highly expressed in prefrontal cortex, and SCZ patients had significantly decreased expression compared with healthy controls. Finally, the published GWAS data supports an association of ATXN1 with SCZ as well as other psychiatric disorders though not reaching genome-wide significance. These convergent evidences support ATXN1 as a promising risk gene for SCZ, and the integrated approach serves as a useful tool for dissecting the genetic basis of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China.
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Avramopoulos D. Neuregulin 3 and its roles in schizophrenia risk and presentation. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:257-266. [PMID: 28556469 PMCID: PMC5735014 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulins, a four-member family of epidermal growth factor-like signaling molecules, have been studied for over two decades. They were first implicated in schizophrenia in 2002 with the detection of linkage and association at the NRG1 locus followed after a few years by NRG3. However, the associations with disease have not been very consistently observed. In contrast, association of NGR3 variants with disease presentation, specifically the presence of delusions, has been more consistent. This appears to be mediated by quantitative changes in the alternative splicing of the gene, which has also been consistently observed. Additional diseases and phenotypes, psychiatric or not, have also been connected with NRG3. These results demonstrate two important aspects of behavioral genetics research. The first is that if we only consider simple risk and fail to examine the details of each patient's individual phenotype, we will miss important insights on the disease biology. This is an important aspect of the goals of precision medicine. The second is that the functional consequences of variants are often more complex than simple alterations in levels of transcription of a particular gene, including, among others, regulation of alternative splicing. To accurately model and understand the biological consequences of phenotype-associated genetic variants, we need to study the biological consequences of each specific variant. Simply studying the consequences of a null allele of the orthologous gene in a model system, runs the risk of missing the many nuances of hypomorphic and/or gain of function variants in the genome of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Johns Hopkins University, Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 733 North Broadway - MRB room 507, Baltimore MD 21205
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Schwarz E. A gene-based review of RGS4 as a putative risk gene for psychiatric illness. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:267-273. [PMID: 28544755 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Considerable efforts have been made to characterize RGS4 as a potential candidate gene for schizophrenia. Investigations span across numerous modalities and include explorations of genetic risk associations, mRNA and protein levels in the brain, and functionally relevant interactions with other candidate genes as well as links to schizophrenia relevant neural phenotypes. While these lines of investigations have yielded partially inconsistent findings, they provide a perspective on RGS4 as an important part of a larger biological system contributing to schizophrenia risk. This gene-based review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of published data from different experimental modalities and discusses the current knowledge of RGS4's systems-biological impact on the schizophrenia pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Schwarz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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