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Chang D, Dela Cruz C, Sharma L. Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Cytokines during Influenza and COVID-19. Viruses 2024; 16:308. [PMID: 38400083 PMCID: PMC10892676 DOI: 10.3390/v16020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are signaling molecules that play a role in myriad processes, including those occurring during diseases and homeostasis. Their homeostatic function begins during embryogenesis and persists throughout life, including appropriate signaling for the cell and organism death. During viral infections, antiviral cytokines such as interferons and inflammatory cytokines are upregulated. Despite the well-known benefits of these cytokines, their levels often correlate with disease severity, linking them to unfavorable outcomes. In this review, we discuss both the beneficial and pathological functions of cytokines and the potential challenges in separating these two roles. Further, we discuss challenges in targeting these cytokines during disease and propose a new method for quantifying the cytokine effect to limit the pathological consequences while preserving their beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Chang
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China;
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Charles Dela Cruz
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
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2
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Savenkova DA, Gudymo AS, Korablev AN, Taranov OS, Bazovkina DV, Danilchenko NV, Perfilyeva ON, Ivleva EK, Moiseeva AA, Bulanovich YA, Roshchina EV, Serova IA, Battulin NR, Kulikova EA, Yudkin DV. Knockout of the Tnfa Gene Decreases Influenza Virus-Induced Histological Reactions in Laboratory Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1156. [PMID: 38256229 PMCID: PMC10816899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine that is responsible for many processes associated with immune response and inflammation. It is involved in the development of an antiviral response to many virus infections. This factor was shown to be activated in influenza A virus infection, which enhances production of other cytokines. The overexpression of these cytokines can lead to a cytokine storm. To study the role of TNF-α in the development of pathologies associated with viral infection, we generated a Tnfa knockout mouse strain. We demonstrated that these mice were characterized by a significant increase in the number of viral genomes compared to that in the parental strain, but the amount of live virus did not differ. A histopathology of the lungs in the genetically modified animals was significantly lower in terms of interalveolar septal infiltration. The generated model may be used to further study pathological processes in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya A. Savenkova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), Koltsovo 630559, Russia; (D.A.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.K.); (O.S.T.); (O.N.P.); (E.K.I.); (A.A.M.); (Y.A.B.); (E.V.R.)
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
| | - Andrey S. Gudymo
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), Koltsovo 630559, Russia; (D.A.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.K.); (O.S.T.); (O.N.P.); (E.K.I.); (A.A.M.); (Y.A.B.); (E.V.R.)
| | - Alexey N. Korablev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), Koltsovo 630559, Russia; (D.A.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.K.); (O.S.T.); (O.N.P.); (E.K.I.); (A.A.M.); (Y.A.B.); (E.V.R.)
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (D.V.B.); (I.A.S.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Oleg S. Taranov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), Koltsovo 630559, Russia; (D.A.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.K.); (O.S.T.); (O.N.P.); (E.K.I.); (A.A.M.); (Y.A.B.); (E.V.R.)
| | - Darya V. Bazovkina
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (D.V.B.); (I.A.S.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Nataliya V. Danilchenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), Koltsovo 630559, Russia; (D.A.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.K.); (O.S.T.); (O.N.P.); (E.K.I.); (A.A.M.); (Y.A.B.); (E.V.R.)
| | - Olga N. Perfilyeva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), Koltsovo 630559, Russia; (D.A.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.K.); (O.S.T.); (O.N.P.); (E.K.I.); (A.A.M.); (Y.A.B.); (E.V.R.)
| | - Elena K. Ivleva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), Koltsovo 630559, Russia; (D.A.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.K.); (O.S.T.); (O.N.P.); (E.K.I.); (A.A.M.); (Y.A.B.); (E.V.R.)
| | - Anastasiya A. Moiseeva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), Koltsovo 630559, Russia; (D.A.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.K.); (O.S.T.); (O.N.P.); (E.K.I.); (A.A.M.); (Y.A.B.); (E.V.R.)
| | - Yulia A. Bulanovich
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), Koltsovo 630559, Russia; (D.A.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.K.); (O.S.T.); (O.N.P.); (E.K.I.); (A.A.M.); (Y.A.B.); (E.V.R.)
| | - Elena V. Roshchina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), Koltsovo 630559, Russia; (D.A.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.K.); (O.S.T.); (O.N.P.); (E.K.I.); (A.A.M.); (Y.A.B.); (E.V.R.)
| | - Irina A. Serova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (D.V.B.); (I.A.S.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Nariman R. Battulin
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (D.V.B.); (I.A.S.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Kulikova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (D.V.B.); (I.A.S.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Dmitry V. Yudkin
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), Koltsovo 630559, Russia; (D.A.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.K.); (O.S.T.); (O.N.P.); (E.K.I.); (A.A.M.); (Y.A.B.); (E.V.R.)
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3
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Wu Z, Chen X, Wu S, Liu Z, Li H, Mai K, Peng Y, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Fu Z, Chen D. Transcriptome analysis reveals the impact of NETs activation on airway epithelial cell EMT and inflammation in bronchiolitis obliterans. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19226. [PMID: 37932341 PMCID: PMC10628238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a chronic airway disease that was often indicated by the pathological presentation of narrowed and irreversible airways. However, the molecular mechanisms of BO pathogenesis remain unknown. Although neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can contribute to inflammatory disorders, their involvement in BO is unclear. This study aims to identify potential signaling pathways in BO by exploring the correlations between NETs and BO. GSE52761 and GSE137169 datasets were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. A series of bioinformatics analyses such as differential expression analysis, gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed on GSE52761 and GSE137169 datasets to identify BO potential signaling pathways. Two different types of BO mouse models were constructed to verify NETs involvements in BO. Additional experiments and bioinformatics analysis using human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) were also performed to further elucidate differential genes enrichment with their respective signaling pathways in BO. Our study identified 115 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were found up-regulated in BO. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were primarily involved in inflammatory signaling processes. Besides, we found that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were formed and activated during BO. Our western blot analysis on lung tissue from BO mice further confirmed NETs activation in BO, where neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression were found significantly elevated. Transcriptomic and bioinformatics analysis of NETs treated-SAECs also revealed that NETs-DEGs were primarily associated through inflammatory and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) -related pathways. Our study provides novel clues towards the understanding of BO pathogenesis, in which NETs contribute to BO pathogenesis through the activation of inflammatory and EMT associated pathways. The completion of our study will provide the basis for potential novel therapeutic targets in BO treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongji Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangzhi Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kailin Mai
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodie Zhang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaocong Zheng
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zian Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehui Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China.
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Malireddi RKS, Sharma BR, Bynigeri RR, Wang Y, Lu J, Kanneganti TD. ZBP1 Drives IAV-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Lytic Cell Death, PANoptosis, Independent of the Necroptosis Executioner MLKL. Viruses 2023; 15:2141. [PMID: 38005819 PMCID: PMC10674287 DOI: 10.3390/v15112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) continues to pose a significant global health threat, causing severe respiratory infections that result in substantial annual morbidity and mortality. Recent research highlights the pivotal role of innate immunity, cell death, and inflammation in exacerbating the severity of respiratory viral diseases. One key molecule in this process is ZBP1, a well-recognized innate immune sensor for IAV infection. Upon activation, ZBP1 triggers the formation of a PANoptosome complex containing ASC, caspase-8, and RIPK3, among other molecules, leading to inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation for the maturation of IL-1β and IL-18. However, the role for other molecules in this process requires further evaluation. In this study, we investigated the role of MLKL in regulating IAV-induced cell death and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our data indicate IAV induced inflammatory cell death through the ZBP1-PANoptosome, where caspases and RIPKs serve as core components. However, IAV-induced lytic cell death was only partially dependent on RIPK3 at later timepoints and was fully independent of MLKL throughout all timepoints tested. Additionally, NLRP3 inflammasome activation was unaffected in MLKL-deficient cells, establishing that MLKL and MLKL-dependent necroptosis do not act upstream of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, IL-1β maturation, and lytic cell death during IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Subbarao Malireddi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Bhesh Raj Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ratnakar R Bynigeri
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yaqiu Wang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jianlin Lu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Tang J, Xu Q, Tang K, Ye X, Cao Z, Zou M, Zeng J, Guan X, Han J, Wang Y, Yang L, Lin Y, Jiang K, Chen X, Zhao Y, Tian D, Li C, Shen W, Du X. Susceptibility identification for seasonal influenza A/H3N2 based on baseline blood transcriptome. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1048774. [PMID: 36713410 PMCID: PMC9878565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1048774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Influenza susceptibility difference is a widely existing trait that has great practical significance for the accurate prevention and control of influenza. Methods Here, we focused on the human susceptibility to the seasonal influenza A/H3N2 of healthy adults at baseline level. Whole blood expression data for influenza A/H3N2 susceptibility from GEO were collected firstly (30 symptomatic and 19 asymptomatic). Then to explore the differences at baseline, a suite of systems biology approaches - the differential expression analysis, co-expression network analysis, and immune cell frequencies analysis were utilized. Results We found the baseline condition, especially immune condition between symptomatic and asymptomatic, was different. Co-expression module that is positively related to asymptomatic is also related to immune cell type of naïve B cell. Function enrichment analysis showed significantly correlation with "B cell receptor signaling pathway", "immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway" and so on. Also, modules that are positively related to symptomatic are also correlated to immune cell type of neutrophils, with function enrichment analysis showing significantly correlations with "response to bacterium", "inflammatory response", "cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex" and so on. Responses of symptomatic and asymptomatic hosts after virus exposure show differences on resisting the virus, with more effective frontline defense for asymptomatic hosts. A prediction model was also built based on only baseline transcription information to differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic population with accuracy of 0.79. Discussion The results not only improve our understanding of the immune system and influenza susceptibility, but also provide a new direction for precise and targeted prevention and therapy of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiumei Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Tang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zicheng Cao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Min Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Zeng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Guan
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinglin Han
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yishan Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiao Jiang
- Palos Verdes Peninsula High School, Rancho Palos Verdes, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dechao Tian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunwei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Xiangjun Du, ; Wei Shen,
| | - Xiangjun Du
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiangjun Du, ; Wei Shen,
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Pliasas VC, Menne Z, Aida V, Yin JH, Naskou MC, Neasham PJ, North JF, Wilson D, Horzmann KA, Jacob J, Skountzou I, Kyriakis CS. A Novel Neuraminidase Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Offers Protection Against Heterologous H3N2 Influenza Virus Infection in the Porcine Model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:915364. [PMID: 35874791 PMCID: PMC9300842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose a global health threat, contributing to hundreds of thousands of deaths and millions of hospitalizations annually. The two major surface glycoproteins of IAVs, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), are important antigens in eliciting neutralizing antibodies and protection against disease. However, NA is generally ignored in the formulation and development of influenza vaccines. In this study, we evaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy against challenge of a novel NA virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccine in the porcine model. We developed an NA2 VLP vaccine containing the NA protein from A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2) and the matrix 1 (M1) protein from A/MI/73/2015, formulated with a water-in-oil-in-water adjuvant. Responses to NA2 VLPs were compared to a commercial adjuvanted quadrivalent whole inactivated virus (QWIV) swine IAV vaccine. Animals were prime boost vaccinated 21 days apart and challenged four weeks later with an H3N2 swine IAV field isolate, A/swine/NC/KH1552516/2016. Pigs vaccinated with the commercial QWIV vaccine demonstrated high hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers but very weak anti-NA antibody titers and subsequently undetectable NA inhibition (NAI) titers. Conversely, NA2 VLP vaccinated pigs demonstrated undetectable HAI titers but high anti-NA antibody titers and NAI titers. Post-challenge, NA2 VLPs and the commercial QWIV vaccine showed similar reductions in virus replication, pulmonary neutrophilic infiltration, and lung inflammation compared to unvaccinated controls. These data suggest that anti-NA immunity following NA2 VLP vaccination offers comparable protection to QWIV swine IAV vaccines inducing primarily anti-HA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis C. Pliasas
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Emory-UGA Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zach Menne
- Emory-UGA Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Virginia Aida
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Emory-UGA Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ji-Hang Yin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Maria C. Naskou
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Peter J. Neasham
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Emory-UGA Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - J. Fletcher North
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Emory-UGA Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dylan Wilson
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Katharine A. Horzmann
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Joshy Jacob
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Emory-UGA Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Constantinos S. Kyriakis, ; Ioanna Skountzou,
| | - Constantinos S. Kyriakis
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Emory-UGA Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Constantinos S. Kyriakis, ; Ioanna Skountzou,
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7
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Bahramabadi R, Yousefi-Daredor H, Rezaeinejad S, Rezayati M, Arababadi MK. Down-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-6 serum levels in the idiopathic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 11:45-50. [PMID: 35874467 PMCID: PMC9301057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ICOPD) is a prevalent human disease. The etiology of the disease is yet to be clarified. The main aim of this project was to explore serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in the ICOPD patients in comparison to healthy controls. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β were evaluated in the 70 non-smoker ICOPD patients and 70 sex and age matched controls, using ELISA technique by the commercial kits from Karmania Pars Gene Company. Analysis of data was performed by parametric independent and Pearson correlation test. RESULTS Serum levels of IL-6 and TGF-β, but not TNF-α, were significantly decreased in the ICOPD patients in comparison to controls. Serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β were not altered in the ICOPD male in comparison to female and also in mild when compared to moderate ICOPD patients. CONCLUSIONS Down-regulation of TGF-β may be the main risk factor for deterioration of inflammation in the ICOPD patients. Decreased IL-6 may be related to the idiopathic type of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bahramabadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi-Daredor
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sahar Rezaeinejad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammadtaghi Rezayati
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjan, Iran
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8
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Sazgarnejad S, Yazdanpanah N, Rezaei N. Anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 in patients with COVID-19. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 20:373-381. [PMID: 34348067 PMCID: PMC8425436 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1964955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Understanding the pathogenesis and risk factors to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is necessary. Due to the importance of the inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 patients, evaluating the effects of anti-inflammatory medications is important. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) is awell-known glucose-lowering agent with anti-inflammatory effects. Areas covered Resources were extracted from the PubMed database, using keywords such as glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1 RA, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, inflammation, in April2021. In this review, the effects of GLP-1RA in reducing inflammation and modifying risk factors of COVID-19 severe complications are discussed. However, GLP-1 is degraded by DPP-4 with aplasma half-life of about 2–5 minutes, which makes it difficult to measure GLP-1 plasma level in clinical settings. Expert opinion Since no definitive treatment is available for COVID-19 so far, determining promising targets to design and/or repurpose effective medications is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saharnaz Sazgarnejad
- School Of Medicine, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (Niima), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (Usern), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Yazdanpanah
- School Of Medicine, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (Niima), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (Usern), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center For Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (Niima), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (Usern), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center For Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department Of Immunology, School Of Medicine, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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The Mechanism behind Influenza Virus Cytokine Storm. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071362. [PMID: 34372568 PMCID: PMC8310017 DOI: 10.3390/v13071362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are still a serious threat to human health. Cytokines are essential for cell-to-cell communication and viral clearance in the immune system, but excessive cytokines can cause serious immune pathology. Deaths caused by severe influenza are usually related to cytokine storms. The recent literature has described the mechanism behind the cytokine–storm network and how it can exacerbate host pathological damage. Biological factors such as sex, age, and obesity may cause biological differences between different individuals, which affects cytokine storms induced by the influenza virus. In this review, we summarize the mechanism behind influenza virus cytokine storms and the differences in cytokine storms of different ages and sexes, and in obesity.
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10
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Santos LD, Antunes KH, Muraro SP, de Souza GF, da Silva AG, Felipe JDS, Zanetti LC, Czepielewski RS, Magnus K, Scotta M, Mattiello R, Maito F, de Souza APD, Weinlich R, Vinolo MAR, Porto BN. TNF-mediated alveolar macrophage necroptosis drives disease pathogenesis during respiratory syncytial virus infection. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.03764-2020. [PMID: 33303545 PMCID: PMC8209485 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03764-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of acute bronchiolitis in infants under 2 years old. Necroptosis has been implicated in the outcomes of respiratory virus infections. We report that RSV infection triggers necroptosis in primary mouse macrophages and human monocytes in a RIPK1-, RIPK3- and MLKL-dependent manner. Moreover, necroptosis pathways are harmful to RSV clearance from alveolar macrophages. Additionally, Ripk3-/- mice were protected from RSV-induced weight loss and presented with reduced viral loads in the lungs.Alveolar macrophage depletion also protected mice from weight loss and decreased lung RSV virus load. Importantly, alveolar macrophage depletion abolished the upregulation of Ripk3 and Mlkl gene expression induced by RSV infection in the lung tissue.Autocrine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated RSV-triggered macrophage necroptosis and necroptosis pathways were also involved in TNF secretion even when macrophages were committed to cell death, which can worsen lung injury during RSV infection. In line, Tnfr1-/- mice had a marked decrease in Ripk3 and Mlkl gene expression and a sharp reduction in the numbers of necrotic alveolar macrophages in the lungs. Finally, we provide evidence that elevated nasal levels of TNF are associated with disease severity in infants with RSV bronchiolitis.We propose that targeting TNF and/or the necroptotic machinery may be valuable therapeutic approaches to reduce the respiratory morbidity caused by RSV infection in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Duarte Santos
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Life and Health Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Krist Helen Antunes
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Life and Health Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stéfanie Primon Muraro
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Life and Health Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Dept of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Gabriela Fabiano de Souza
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Life and Health Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Dept of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Amanda Gonzalez da Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Life and Health Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de Souza Felipe
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Dept of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Sanguinetti Czepielewski
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Life and Health Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Dept of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karen Magnus
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Life and Health Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Scotta
- Infant Center, School of Life and Health Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rita Mattiello
- Infant Center, School of Life and Health Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabio Maito
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Health Science School, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Duarte de Souza
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Life and Health Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Dept of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Nery Porto
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Life and Health Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil .,Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Clementi N, Ghosh S, De Santis M, Castelli M, Criscuolo E, Zanoni I, Clementi M, Mancini N. Viral Respiratory Pathogens and Lung Injury. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e00103-20. [PMID: 33789928 PMCID: PMC8142519 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00103-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several viruses target the human respiratory tract, causing different clinical manifestations spanning from mild upper airway involvement to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As dramatically evident in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the clinical picture is not always easily predictable due to the combined effect of direct viral and indirect patient-specific immune-mediated damage. In this review, we discuss the main RNA (orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and coronaviruses) and DNA (adenoviruses, herpesviruses, and bocaviruses) viruses with respiratory tropism and their mechanisms of direct and indirect cell damage. We analyze the thin line existing between a protective immune response, capable of limiting viral replication, and an unbalanced, dysregulated immune activation often leading to the most severe complication. Our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved is increasing and this should pave the way for the development and clinical use of new tailored immune-based antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria De Santis
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Castelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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12
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Antiviral Activity of 3D, a Butene Lactone Derivative Against Influenza A Virus In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020278. [PMID: 33670217 PMCID: PMC7916974 DOI: 10.3390/v13020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus is a highly variable and contagious respiratory pathogen that can cause annual epidemics and it poses an enormous threat to public health. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new generation of antiviral drugs to combat the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the influenza virus. A novel series of butene lactone derivatives were screened and the compound 3D was selected, as it exhibited in vitro potential antiviral activity against A/Weiss/43 H1N1 virus with low toxicity. In addition, 3D dose-dependently inhibited the viral replication, expression of viral mRNA and viral proteins. 3D exerted a suppressive effect on A/Virginia/ATCC2/2009 H1N1 and A/California/2/2014 H3N2 in vitro. The time-of-addition analysis indicated that 3D suppressed H1N1 in the early stage of its life cycle. A/Weiss/43 H1N1-induced apoptosis in A549 cells was reduced by 3D via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. 3D could decrease the production of H1N1-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines that are induced by H1N1 in vitro and in vivo. The administration of 3D reduced lung lesions and virus load in vivo. These results suggest that 3D, which is a butene lactone derivative, is a promising agent for the treatment of influenza A virus infection.
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13
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NMP4 regulates the innate immune response to influenza A virus infection. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:209-218. [PMID: 32152414 PMCID: PMC7483155 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Severe influenza A virus infection typically triggers excessive and detrimental lung inflammation with massive cell infiltration and hyper-production of cytokines and chemokines. We identified a novel function for nuclear matrix protein 4 (NMP4), a zinc-finger-containing transcription factor playing roles in bone formation and spermatogenesis, in regulating antiviral immune response and immunopathology. Nmp4-deficient mice are protected from H1N1 influenza infection, losing only 5% body weight compared to a 20% weight loss in wild type mice. While having no effects on viral clearance or CD8/CD4 T cell or humoral responses, deficiency of Nmp4 in either lung structural cells or hematopoietic cells significantly reduces the recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils to the lungs. Consistent with fewer innate cells in the airways, influenza-infected Nmp4-deficient mice have significantly decreased expression of chemokine genes Ccl2, Ccl7 and Cxcl1 as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine genes Il1b and Il6. Furthermore, NMP4 binds to the promoters and/or conserved non-coding sequences of the chemokine genes and regulates their expression in mouse lung epithelial cells and macrophages. Our data suggest that NMP4 functions to promote monocyte- and neutrophil-attracting chemokine expression upon influenza A infection, resulting in exaggerated innate inflammation and lung tissue damage.
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14
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Forbester JL, Humphreys IR. Genetic influences on viral-induced cytokine responses in the lung. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:14-25. [PMID: 33184476 PMCID: PMC7658619 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection with respiratory viruses such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and coronavirus provides a difficult immunological challenge for the host, where a balance must be established between controlling viral replication and limiting damage to the delicate lung structure. Although the genetic architecture of host responses to respiratory viral infections is not yet understood, it is clear there is underlying heritability that influences pathogenesis. Immune control of virus replication is essential in respiratory infections, but overt activation can enhance inflammation and disease severity. Cytokines initiate antiviral immune responses but are implicated in viral pathogenesis. Here, we discuss how host genetic variation may influence cytokine responses to respiratory viral infections and, based on our current understanding of the role that cytokines play in viral pathogenesis, how this may influence disease severity. We also discuss how induced pluripotent stem cells may be utilised to probe the mechanistic implications of allelic variation in genes in virus-induced inflammatory responses. Ultimately, this could help to design better immune modulators, stratify high risk patients and tailor anti-inflammatory treatments, potentially expanding the ability to treat respiratory virus outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Forbester
- Division of Infection and Immunity/Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Division of Infection and Immunity/Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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15
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Ti H, Mai Z, Wang Z, Zhang W, Xiao M, Yang Z, Shaw P. Bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids from Curcuma longa L. exert anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory activities through NF-κB/MAPK and RIG-1/STAT1/2 signaling pathways. Food Funct 2021; 12:6697-6711. [PMID: 34179914 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01212f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a viral respiratory illness that causes seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. Disease severity may be contributed by influenza virus-induced cytokine dysregulation. The study was designed to investigate the isolation and identification of bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids from Curcuma longa L., their antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities against H1N1 and their potential role in regulating host immune response in vitro. A pair of new bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids, (6S,7S)-3-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbisabola-1,10-diene-9-one (18) together with seventeen known analogs (1-17), was isolated and elucidated from Curcuma longa L. Compounds 2, 11 and 14 could significantly inhibit A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) replication in MDCK cells, and compound 2 could significantly inhibit A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) replication in A549 cells. Compounds 4, 8, 9, 13 and 17 could markedly reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IP-10) production at the mRNA and protein levels in A549 cells. Compound 4 regulated the levels of steroid biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby inhibiting immune responses by proteomics analysis. Furthermore, compound 4 could inhibit the expression of p-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65, IκBα, p-p38 MAPK, p-IκBα, RIG-1, STAT-1/2 and p-STAT-1/2 in the signaling pathways. These findings indicate that bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids of C. longa could inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by the virus and regulate the activity of NF-κB/MAPK and RIG-1/STAT-1/2 signaling pathways in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ti
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
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16
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Bai Y, Lian P, Li J, Zhang Z, Qiao J. The active GLP-1 analogue liraglutide alleviates H9N2 influenza virus-induced acute lung injury in mice. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104645. [PMID: 33285220 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the major cause of death in influenza virus infected patients. Recent studies indicated that active glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) encoded by glucagon (GCG) gene exerts anti-inflammatory functions. The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of active GLP-1 in H9N2 influenza virus-induced ALI/ARDS in mice. First, we uncovered that GCG mRNA expression levels and GCG precursor protein levels were significantly increased, but total GLP-1 and active GLP-1 levels were decreased in the lungs of H9N2-infected mice. Next, liraglutide, an active GLP-1 analogue, was used to treat infected mice and to observe its effects on H9N2 virus-induced ALI. Liraglutide treatment ameliorated the declined body weight, decreased food intake and mortality observed in infected mice. It also alleviated the severity of lung injury, including lowering lung index, decreasing inflammatory cell infiltration and lowing total protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, liraglutide did not influence viral titers in infected lungs, but decreased the levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in BALF. These results indicated that liraglutide alleviated H9N2 virus-induced ALI in mice most likely due to lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengjing Lian
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihui Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Qiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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17
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Karki R, Sharma BR, Tuladhar S, Williams EP, Zalduondo L, Samir P, Zheng M, Sundaram B, Banoth B, Malireddi RKS, Schreiner P, Neale G, Vogel P, Webby R, Jonsson CB, Kanneganti TD. Synergism of TNF-α and IFN-γ Triggers Inflammatory Cell Death, Tissue Damage, and Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cytokine Shock Syndromes. Cell 2020; 184:149-168.e17. [PMID: 33278357 PMCID: PMC7674074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 204.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is characterized by excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute lung damage associated with patient mortality. While multiple inflammatory cytokines are produced by innate immune cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection, we found that only the combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ induced inflammatory cell death characterized by inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis. Mechanistically, TNF-α and IFN-γ co-treatment activated the JAK/STAT1/IRF1 axis, inducing nitric oxide production and driving caspase-8/FADD-mediated PANoptosis. TNF-α and IFN-γ caused a lethal cytokine shock in mice that mirrors the tissue damage and inflammation of COVID-19, and inhibiting PANoptosis protected mice from this pathology and death. Furthermore, treating with neutralizing antibodies against TNF-α and IFN-γ protected mice from mortality during SARS-CoV-2 infection, sepsis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and cytokine shock. Collectively, our findings suggest that blocking the cytokine-mediated inflammatory cell death signaling pathway identified here may benefit patients with COVID-19 or other infectious and autoinflammatory diseases by limiting tissue damage/inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Bhesh Raj Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shraddha Tuladhar
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Evan Peter Williams
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Lillian Zalduondo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Parimal Samir
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Balamurugan Sundaram
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Balaji Banoth
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Patrick Schreiner
- The Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Animal Resources Center and Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Colleen Beth Jonsson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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18
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Karki R, Sharma BR, Tuladhar S, Williams EP, Zalduondo L, Samir P, Zheng M, Sundaram B, Banoth B, Malireddi RKS, Schreiner P, Neale G, Vogel P, Webby R, Jonsson CB, Kanneganti TD. Synergism of TNF-α and IFN-γ triggers inflammatory cell death, tissue damage, and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infection and cytokine shock syndromes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.10.29.361048. [PMID: 33140051 PMCID: PMC7605562 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.29.361048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is a critical shortage of proven treatment options and an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis of multi-organ failure and lung damage. Cytokine storm is associated with severe inflammation and organ damage during COVID-19. However, a detailed molecular pathway defining this cytokine storm is lacking, and gaining mechanistic understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 elicits a hyperactive inflammatory response is critical to develop effective therapeutics. Of the multiple inflammatory cytokines produced by innate immune cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection, we found that the combined production of TNF-α and IFN-γ specifically induced inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, characterized by gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis, caspase-8-mediated apoptosis, and MLKL-mediated necroptosis. Deletion of pyroptosis, apoptosis, or necroptosis mediators individually was not sufficient to protect against cell death. However, cells deficient in both RIPK3 and caspase-8 or RIPK3 and FADD were resistant to this cell death. Mechanistically, the JAK/STAT1/IRF1 axis activated by TNF-α and IFN-γ co-treatment induced iNOS for the production of nitric oxide. Pharmacological and genetic deletion of this pathway inhibited pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis in macrophages. Moreover, inhibition of PANoptosis protected mice from TNF-α and IFN-γ-induced lethal cytokine shock that mirrors the pathological symptoms of COVID-19. In vivo neutralization of both TNF-α and IFN-γ in multiple disease models associated with cytokine storm showed that this treatment provided substantial protection against not only SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also sepsis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and cytokine shock models, demonstrating the broad physiological relevance of this mechanism. Collectively, our findings suggest that blocking the cytokine-mediated inflammatory cell death signaling pathway identified here may benefit patients with COVID-19 or other cytokine storm-driven syndromes by limiting inflammation and tissue damage. The findings also provide a molecular and mechanistic description for the term cytokine storm. Additionally, these results open new avenues for the treatment of other infectious and autoinflammatory diseases and cancers where TNF-α and IFN-γ synergism play key pathological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Bhesh Raj Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Shraddha Tuladhar
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Evan Peter Williams
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Lillian Zalduondo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Parimal Samir
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Balamurugan Sundaram
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Balaji Banoth
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | | | - Patrick Schreiner
- The Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Animal Resources Center and Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Colleen Beth Jonsson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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Li J, Jie X, Liang X, Chen Z, Xie P, Pan X, Zhou B, Li J. Sinensetin suppresses influenza a virus-triggered inflammation through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs signalings. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:135. [PMID: 32370749 PMCID: PMC7200050 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human respiratory system infected with influenza A virus (IAV) elicited a robust pro-inflammatory response that resulted in severe illness and even death. Currently, limited immunomodulator is available to counteract IAV-associated pneumonia in the clinic. Sinensetin, a polymethoxylated flavone with five methoxy groups, has been found to possess anti-agiogenesis, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. However, the effects of sinensetin on IAV-triggered pro-inflammatory response remain unclear. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects and corresponding possible mechanism of sinensetin in IAV-infected A549 cells were subjected to investigations. Methods The cytotoxic effects of sinensetin towards A549 cells was detected by MTT and LDH assays. The antiviral activity of sinensetin against influenza A virus was assayed in A549 cells with an engineered replication-competent influenza A virus carrying Gaussia luciferase reporter gene infection. The effect of sinensetin on influenza A virus-triggered inflammatory reaction was determined by qRT-PCR, Luminex assays, ELISA and Western blot. Results Our results showed that sinensetin did not exhibit antiviral activity against A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). Meanwhile, sinensetin treatment significantly decreased IAV-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators at mRNA and protein levels, including IL-6, TNF-α, IP-10, IL-8 and MCP-1. Additionally, levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the downstream product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) up-regulated by IAV infection were dramatically suppressed by sinensetin. The mechanistic investigation revealed that sinensetin treatment suppressed the NF-κB transcriptional activity using the NF-κB reporter stable HEK293 cell line stimulated with TNF-α (20 ng/mL) or influenza H1N1 virus. Furthermore, sinensetin abrogated influenza H1N1 virus-induced activation of NF-κB, ERK1/2 MAPK and p38 MAPK signalings. Conclusion Collectively, our results indicated that sinensetin has potential capacity to attenuate IAV-triggered pro-inflammatory response via inactivation of NF-κB, ERK1/2 MAPK and p38 MAPK signalings, which implied that sinensetin may be a promising candidate drug for influenza H1N1 virus infection therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Li
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Huadu, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510800, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Jie
- Huizhou third people's hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 516002, China
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Peifang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xiping Pan
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Beixian Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, 525200, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P.R. China.
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20
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Mehrbod P, Ebrahimi SN, Fotouhi F, Eskandari F, Eloff JN, McGaw LJ, Fasina FO. Experimental validation and computational modeling of anti-influenza effects of quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside from indigenous south African medicinal plant Rapanea melanophloeos. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:346. [PMID: 31791311 PMCID: PMC6888925 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A virus (IAV) is still a major health threat. The clinical manifestations of this infection are related to immune dysregulation, which causes morbidity and mortality. The usage of traditional medication with immunomodulatory properties against influenza infection has been increased recently. Our previous study showed antiviral activity of quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (Q3R) isolated from Rapanea melanophloeos (RM) (L.) Mez (family Myrsinaceae) against H1N1 (A/PR/8/34) infection. This study aimed to confirm the wider range of immunomodulatory effect of Q3R on selective pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines against IAV in vitro, to evaluate the effect of Q3R on apoptosis pathway in combination with H1N1, also to assess the physical interaction of Q3R with virus glycoproteins and RhoA protein using computational docking. METHODS MDCK cells were exposed to Q3R and 100CCID50/100 μl of H1N1 in combined treatments (co-, pre- and post-penetration treatments). The treatments were tested for the cytokines evaluation at RNA and protein levels by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. In another set of treatment, apoptosis was examined by detecting RhoA GTPase protein and caspase-3 activity. Molecular docking was used as a tool for evaluation of the potential anti-influenza activity of Q3R. RESULTS The expressions of cytokines in both genome and protein levels were significantly affected by Q3R treatment. It was shown that Q3R was much more effective against influenza when it was applied in co-penetration treatment. Q3R in combination with H1N1 increased caspase-3 activity while decreasing RhoA activation. The molecular docking results showed strong binding ability of Q3R with M2 transmembrane, Neuraminidase of 2009 pandemic H1N1, N1 and H1 of PR/8/1934 and Human RhoA proteins, with docking energy of - 10.81, - 10.47, - 9.52, - 9.24 and - 8.78 Kcal/mol, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside from RM was significantly effective against influenza infection by immunomodulatory properties, affecting the apoptosis pathway and binding ability to viral receptors M2 transmembrane and Neuraminidase of 2009 pandemic H1N1 and human RhoA cellular protein. Further research will focus on detecting the detailed specific mechanism of Q3R in virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fotouhi
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Eskandari
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jacobus N. Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Folorunso O. Fasina
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- ECTAD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Abstract
Influenza viruses infect the upper respiratory system, causing usually a self-limited disease with mild respiratory symptoms. Acute lung injury, pulmonary microvascular leakage and cardiovascular collapse may occur in severe cases, usually in the elderly or in immunocompromised patients. Acute lung injury is a syndrome associated with pulmonary oedema, hypoxaemia and respiratory failure. Influenza virus primarily binds to the epithelium, interfering with the epithelial sodium channel function. However, the main clinical devastating effects are caused by endothelial dysfunction, thought to be the main mechanism leading to pulmonary oedema, respiratory failure and cardiovascular collapse. A significant association was found between influenza infection and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The incidence of admission due to AMI during an acute viral infection was six times as high during the 7 days after laboratory confirmation of influenza infection as during the control interval (10-fold in influenza B, 5-fold in influenza A, 3.5-fold in respiratory syncytial virus and 2.7-fold for all other viruses). Our review will focus on the mechanisms responsible for endothelial dysfunction during influenza infection leading to cardiovascular collapse and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Peretz
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tiberias, Israel
- The Research Institute, Baruch Padeh Medical Center
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
| | - M Azrad
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tiberias, Israel
- The Research Institute, Baruch Padeh Medical Center
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
| | - A Blum
- The Research Institute, Baruch Padeh Medical Center
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
- Vascular and Regenerative Research Laboratory, Bar-Ilan University, Galilee, Safed, Israel
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McKinstry KK, Alam F, Flores-Malavet V, Nagy MZ, Sell S, Cooper AM, Swain SL, Strutt TM. Memory CD4 T cell-derived IL-2 synergizes with viral infection to exacerbate lung inflammation. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007989. [PMID: 31412088 PMCID: PMC6693742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the most penetrating correlates of protective memory T cells is key for designing improved vaccines and T cell therapies. Here, we evaluate how interleukin (IL-2) production by memory CD4 T cells, a widely held indicator of their protective potential, impacts immune responses against murine influenza A virus (IAV). Unexpectedly, we show that IL-2-deficient memory CD4 T cells are more effective on a per cell basis at combating IAV than wild-type memory cells that produce IL-2. Improved outcomes orchestrated by IL-2-deficient cells include reduced weight loss and improved respiratory function that correlate with reduced levels of a broad array of inflammatory factors in the infected lung. Blocking CD70-CD27 signals to reduce CD4 T cell IL-2 production tempers the inflammation induced by wild-type memory CD4 T cells and improves the outcome of IAV infection in vaccinated mice. Finally, we show that IL-2 administration drives rapid and extremely potent lung inflammation involving NK cells, which can synergize with sublethal IAV infection to promote acute death. These results suggest that IL-2 production is not necessarily an indicator of protective CD4 T cells, and that the lung environment is particularly sensitive to IL-2-induced inflammation during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kai McKinstry
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Fahmida Alam
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Valeria Flores-Malavet
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mate Z. Nagy
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stewart Sell
- Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrea M. Cooper
- Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tara M. Strutt
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Basnet H, Tian L, Ganesh K, Huang YH, Macalinao DG, Brogi E, Finley LWS, Massagué J. Flura-seq identifies organ-specific metabolic adaptations during early metastatic colonization. eLife 2019; 8:e43627. [PMID: 30912515 PMCID: PMC6440742 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-initiating cells dynamically adapt to the distinct microenvironments of different organs, but these early adaptations are poorly understood due to the limited sensitivity of in situ transcriptomics. We developed fluorouracil-labeled RNA sequencing (Flura-seq) for in situ analysis with high sensitivity. Flura-seq utilizes cytosine deaminase (CD) to convert fluorocytosine to fluorouracil, metabolically labeling nascent RNA in rare cell populations in situ for purification and sequencing. Flura-seq revealed hundreds of unique, dynamic organ-specific gene signatures depending on the microenvironment in mouse xenograft breast cancer micrometastases. Specifically, the mitochondrial electron transport Complex I, oxidative stress and counteracting antioxidant programs were induced in pulmonary micrometastases, compared to mammary tumors or brain micrometastases. We confirmed lung metastasis-specific increase in oxidative stress and upregulation of antioxidants in clinical samples, thus validating Flura-seq's utility in identifying clinically actionable microenvironmental adaptations in early metastasis. The sensitivity, robustness and economy of Flura-seq are broadly applicable beyond cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harihar Basnet
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lin Tian
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Karuna Ganesh
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of MedicineSloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yun-Han Huang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD ProgramNew YorkUnited States
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Danilo G Macalinao
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of PathologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lydia WS Finley
- Cell Biology ProgramSloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
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Krishnakumar V, Durairajan SSK, Alagarasu K, Li M, Dash AP. Recent Updates on Mouse Models for Human Immunodeficiency, Influenza, and Dengue Viral Infections. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030252. [PMID: 30871179 PMCID: PMC6466164 DOI: 10.3390/v11030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-developed mouse models are important for understanding the pathogenesis and progression of immunological response to viral infections in humans. Moreover, to test vaccines, anti-viral drugs and therapeutic agents, mouse models are fundamental for preclinical investigations. Human viruses, however, seldom infect mice due to differences in the cellular receptors used by the viruses for entry, as well as in the innate immune responses in mice and humans. In other words, a species barrier exists when using mouse models for investigating human viral infections. Developing transgenic (Tg) mice models expressing the human genes coding for viral entry receptors and knock-out (KO) mice models devoid of components involved in the innate immune response have, to some extent, overcome this barrier. Humanized mouse models are a third approach, developed by engrafting functional human cells and tissues into immunodeficient mice. They are becoming indispensable for analyzing human viral diseases since they nearly recapitulate the human disease. These mouse models also serve to test the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral agents. This review provides an update on the Tg, KO, and humanized mouse models that are used in studies investigating the pathogenesis of three important human-specific viruses, namely human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus 1, influenza, and dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodhini Krishnakumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamilnadu, Tiruvarur 610 005, India.
| | | | - Kalichamy Alagarasu
- Dengue/Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India.
| | - Min Li
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.
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SOCS4 expressed by recombinant HSV protects against cytokine storm in a mouse model. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:1509-1520. [PMID: 30569160 PMCID: PMC6365695 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are genetically engineered viruses designed for the treatment of solid tumors, and are often coupled with the antitumor immunity of the host. The challenge of using oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) as an efficacious oncolytic agent is the potential host tissue damage caused by the production of a range of cytokines following intratumoral oHSV injection. An HSV-suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 (SOCS4) recombinant virus was created to investigate whether it inhibits cytokine storm. Recombinant HSV-SOCS4 and HSV-1(F) were used to infect mice, and levels of several representative cytokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 and interferon γ, in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of infected mice were determined, and immune cells in BALF and spleen were enumerated. Lung damage, virus titers in the lung, body weight and survival rates of infected mice were also determined and compared between the two groups. The cytokine concentration of HSV-SOCS4-infected mice was significantly decreased compared with that of HSV-1(F)-infected mice in BALF and serum, and a smaller number of cluster of differentiation (CD)11b+ cells of BALF, and CD8+CD62L+ T cells and CD4+CD62L+ T cells of the spleen were also identified in HSV-SOCS4-infected mice. HSV-SOCS4-infected mice exhibited slight lung damage, a decrease in body weight loss and a 100% survival rate. The results of the present study indicated that SOCS4 protein may be a useful regulator to inhibit cytokine overproduction, and that HSV-SOCS4 may provide a possible solution to control cytokine storm and its consequences following induction by oncolytic virus treatment.
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26
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Deng W, McLaughlin SL, Klinke DJ. Quantifying spontaneous metastasis in a syngeneic mouse melanoma model using real time PCR. Analyst 2018; 142:2945-2953. [PMID: 28725894 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00623c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Modeling metastasis in vivo with animals is a priority for both revealing mechanisms of tumor dissemination and developing therapeutic methods. While conventional intravenous injection of tumor cells provides an efficient and consistent system for studying tumor cell extravasation and colonization, studying spontaneous metastasis derived from orthotopic tumor sites has the advantage of modeling more aspects of the metastatic cascade, but is challenging as it is difficult to detect small numbers of metastatic cells. In this work, we developed an approach for quantifying spontaneous metastasis in the syngeneic mouse B16 system using real time PCR. We first transduced B16 cells with lentivirus expressing firefly luciferase Luc2 gene for bioluminescence imaging. Next, we developed a real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) method for the detection of luciferase-expressing, metastatic tumor cells in mouse lungs and other organs. To illustrate the approach, we quantified lung metastasis in both spontaneous and experimental scenarios using B16F0 and B16F10 cells in C57BL/6Ncrl and NOD-Scid Gamma (NSG) mice. We tracked B16 melanoma metastasis with both bioluminescence imaging and qPCR, which were found to be self-consistent. Using this assay, we can quantitatively detect one Luc2 positive tumor cell out of 104 tissue cells, which corresponds to a metastatic burden of 1.8 × 104 metastatic cells per whole mouse lung. More importantly, the qPCR method was at least a factor of 10 more sensitive in detecting metastatic cell dissemination and should be combined with bioluminescence imaging as a high-resolution, end-point method for final metastatic cell quantitation. Given the rapid growth of primary tumors in many mouse models, assays with improved sensitivity can provide better insight into biological mechanisms that underpin tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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Huo C, Xiao K, Zhang S, Tang Y, Wang M, Qi P, Xiao J, Tian H, Hu Y. H5N1 Influenza a Virus Replicates Productively in Pancreatic Cells and Induces Apoptosis and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:386. [PMID: 30460207 PMCID: PMC6232254 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response and apoptosis have been proved to have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the influenza A virus (IAV). Previous studies indicated that while IAV commonly causes pancreatitis and pancreatic damage in naturally and experimentally infected animals, the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of IAV infection are less reported. In the present study, we showed for the first time that both avian-like (α-2,3-linked) and human-like (α-2,6-linked) sialic acid (SA) receptors were expressed by the mouse pancreatic cancer cell line PAN02 and the human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1. Using growth kinetics experiments, we also showed that PAN02 and PANC-1 cells supported the productive replication of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza while exhibited the limited replication of IAV subtypes H1N1 and H7N2 in vitro. The in vivo infection of H5N1 in pancreatic cells was confirmed by the histopathological and immunohistochemical staining of pancreas tissue from mice. Other than H1N1 and H7N2, severe damage and extensive positive signals were observed in pancreas of H5N1 infected mice. All three virus subtypes induced apoptosis but also triggered the infected PAN02 and PANC-1 cells to release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6. Notably, the subtypes of H5N1 could significantly upregulate these cytokines and chemokines in both two cells when compared with H1N1 and H7N2. The present data provide further understanding of the pathogenesis of H5N1 IAV in pancreatic cells derived from humans and mammals and may also benefit the development of new treatment against H5N1 influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shouping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Peng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Vermillion MS, Ursin RL, Attreed SE, Klein SL. Estriol Reduces Pulmonary Immune Cell Recruitment and Inflammation to Protect Female Mice From Severe Influenza. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3306-3320. [PMID: 30032246 PMCID: PMC6109301 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Estriol (E3) is an endogenous estrogen in females with broad biological activity within diverse tissue types. In the context of certain T-cell-mediated autoimmune inflammatory diseases, E3 can ameliorate disease severity through immunomodulatory mechanisms that decrease tissue inflammation. Severe disease caused by influenza A virus (IAV) infection is also characterized by aberrant inflammation and immunopathology. How E3 might affect the pathogenesis of IAV infection, however, has not been explored. Gonadally intact female C57BL/6 mice that were treated with exogenous E3 during infection with mouse-adapted 2009 H1N1 had reduced total pulmonary inflammation and improved disease outcomes compared with females that received no hormone. Furthermore, compared with no hormone treatment, E3 treatment reduced the induction of genes associated with proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses in the lungs, which preceded clinical disease, reductions in innate immune cell recruitment, altered pulmonary T-cell skewing, and reduced antibody titers during IAV infection. Although E3 treatment was associated with reduced local and systemic anti-influenza adaptive immune responses, there was no effect of E3 on viral replication or clearance. Together, these data suggest that exogenous E3 confers protection during IAV infection through immunomodulatory mechanisms and that E3 may have broad therapeutic potential in the context of both infectious and noninfectious inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan S Vermillion
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rebecca L Ursin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah E Attreed
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence: Sabra L. Klein, PhD, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205. E-mail:
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Wein AN, Dunbar PR, McMaster SR, Li ZRT, Denning TL, Kohlmeier JE. IL-36γ Protects against Severe Influenza Infection by Promoting Lung Alveolar Macrophage Survival and Limiting Viral Replication. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:573-582. [PMID: 29848754 PMCID: PMC6089355 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although influenza virus infection remains a concerning disease for public health, the roles of individual cytokines during the immune response to influenza infection are not fully understood. We have identified IL-36γ as a key mediator of immune protection during both high- and low-pathogenesis influenza infection. Il36g mRNA is upregulated in the lung following influenza infection, and mice lacking IL-36γ have greatly increased morbidity and mortality upon infection with either H1N1 or H3N2 influenza. The increased severity of influenza infection in IL-36γ-knockout (KO) mice is associated with increased viral titers, higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines early in infection, and more diffuse pathologic conditions late in the disease course. Interestingly, the increased severity of disease in IL-36γ-KO mice correlates with a rapid loss of alveolar macrophages following infection. We find that the alveolar macrophages from naive IL-36γ-KO mice have higher expression of M2-like surface markers compared with wild-type (WT) mice and show increased apoptosis within 24 h of infection. Finally, transfer of WT alveolar macrophages to IL-36γ-KO mice restores protection against lethal influenza challenge to levels observed in WT mice. Together, these data identify a critical role for IL-36γ in immunity against influenza virus and demonstrate the importance of IL-36γ signaling for alveolar macrophage survival during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Wein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Paul R Dunbar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Sean R McMaster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Zheng-Rong Tiger Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Timothy L Denning
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Jacob E Kohlmeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
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Song N, Li P, Jiang Y, Sun H, Cui J, Zhao G, Li D, Guo Y, Chen Y, Gao J, Sun S, Zhou Y. C5a receptor1 inhibition alleviates influenza virus-induced acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Genome-wide profiling of microRNAs reveals novel insights into the interactions between H9N2 avian influenza virus and avian dendritic cells. Oncogene 2018; 37:4562-4580. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Baicalin Downregulates RLRs Signaling Pathway to Control Influenza A Virus Infection and Improve the Prognosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:4923062. [PMID: 29681974 PMCID: PMC5846362 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4923062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of baicalin on controlling the pulmonary infection and improving the prognosis in influenza A virus (IAV) infection. PCR and western blot were used to measure the changes of some key factors in RLRs signaling pathway. MSD electrochemiluminescence was used to measure the expression of pulmonary inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, and KC/GRO. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg. The results showed that IAV infection led to low body weight and high viral load and high expression of RIG-I, IRF3, IRF7, and NF-κB mRNA, as well as RIG-I and NF-κB p65 protein. However, baicalin reduced the rate of body weight loss, inhibited virus replication, and downregulated the key factors of the RLRs signaling pathway. Besides, baicalin reduced the high expression inflammatory cytokines in lung and decreased the ratios of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg to arouse a brief but not overviolent inflammatory response. Therefore, baicalin activated a balanced host inflammatory response to limit immunopathologic injury, which was helpful to the improvement of clinical and survival outcomes.
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Guo XZJ, Thomas PG. New fronts emerge in the influenza cytokine storm. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:541-550. [PMID: 28555383 PMCID: PMC5580809 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus is a significant pathogen in humans and animals with the ability to cause extensive morbidity and mortality. Exuberant immune responses induced following infection have been described as a "cytokine storm," associated with excessive levels of proinflammatory cytokines and widespread tissue damage. Recent studies have painted a more complex picture of cytokine networks and their contributions to clinical outcomes. While many cytokines clearly inflict immunopathology, others have non-pathological delimited roles in sending alarm signals, facilitating viral clearance, and promoting tissue repair, such as the IL-33-amphiregulin axis, which plays a key role in resolving some types of lung damage. Recent literature suggests that type 2 cytokines, traditionally thought of as not involved in anti-influenza immunity, may play an important regulatory role. Here, we discuss the diverse roles played by cytokines after influenza infection and highlight new, serene features of the cytokine storm, while highlighting the specific functions of relevant cytokines that perform unique immune functions and may have applications for influenza therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Zhi J Guo
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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Camp JV, Jonsson CB. A Role for Neutrophils in Viral Respiratory Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:550. [PMID: 28553293 PMCID: PMC5427094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are immune cells that are well known to be present during many types of lung diseases associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may contribute to acute lung injury. Neutrophils are poorly studied with respect to viral infection, and specifically to respiratory viral disease. Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is the cause of a respiratory disease that poses a significant global public health concern. Influenza disease presents as a relatively mild and self-limiting although highly pathogenic forms exist. Neutrophils increase in the respiratory tract during infection with mild seasonal IAV, moderate and severe epidemic IAV infection, and emerging highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). During severe influenza pneumonia and HPAI infection, the number of neutrophils in the lower respiratory tract is correlated with disease severity. Thus, comparative analyses of the relationship between IAV infection and neutrophils provide insights into the relative contribution of host and viral factors that contribute to disease severity. Herein, we review the contribution of neutrophils to IAV disease pathogenesis and to other respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy V Camp
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine at Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Colleen B Jonsson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Meng D, Huo C, Wang M, Xiao J, Liu B, Wei T, Dong H, Zhang G, Hu Y, Sun L. Influenza A Viruses Replicate Productively in Mouse Mastocytoma Cells (P815) and Trigger Pro-inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Production through TLR3 Signaling Pathway. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2130. [PMID: 28127293 PMCID: PMC5226950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause acute respiratory infection in both humans and animals. As a member of the initial lines of host defense system, the role of mast cells during IAV infection has been poorly understood. Here, we characterized for the first time that both avian-like (α-2, 3-linked) and human-like (α-2, 6- linked) sialic acid (SA) receptors were expressed by the mouse mastocytoma cell line (P815). The P815 cells did support the productive replication of H1N1 (A/WSN/33), H5N1 (A/chicken/ Henan/1/04) and H7N2 (A/chicken/Hebei/2/02) in vitro while the in vivo infection of H5N1 in mast cells was confirmed by the specific staining of nasal mucosa and lung tissue from mice. All the three viruses triggered the infected P815 cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CCL-2, CCL-5, and IP-10, but not the antiviral type I interferon. It was further confirmed that TLR3 pathway was involved in P815 cell response to IAV-infection. Our findings highlight the remarkable tropism and infectivity of IAV to P815 cells, indicating that mast cells may be unneglectable player in the development of IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Caiyun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., LtdBeijing, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., LtdBeijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Tangting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Hong Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture Beijing, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
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Tavares LP, Teixeira MM, Garcia CC. The inflammatory response triggered by Influenza virus: a two edged sword. Inflamm Res 2016; 66:283-302. [PMID: 27744631 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a relevant respiratory tract pathogen leading to a great number of deaths and hospitalizations worldwide. Secondary bacterial infections are a very common cause of IAV associated morbidity and mortality. The robust inflammatory response that follows infection is important for the control of virus proliferation but is also associated with lung damage, morbidity and death. The role of the different components of immune response underlying protection or disease during IAV infection is not completely elucidated. Overall, in the context of IAV infection, inflammation is a 'double edge sword' necessary to control infection but causing disease. Therefore, a growing number of studies suggest that immunomodulatory strategies may improve disease outcome without affecting the ability of the host to deal with infection. This review summarizes recent aspects of the inflammatory responses triggered by IAV that are preferentially involved in causing severe pulmonary disease and the anti-inflammatory strategies that have been suggested to treat influenza induced immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P Tavares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristiana C Garcia
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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37
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Peng MH, Dai WP, Liu SJ, Yu LW, Wu YN, Liu R, Chen XL, Lai XP, Li X, Zhao ZX, Li G. Bioactive glycosides from the roots of Ilex asprella. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2127-34. [PMID: 26957139 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1146779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Context The roots of Ilex asprella (Hook. et Arn.) Champ. ex Benth. (Aquifoliaceae) are widely used in Chinese medicine to treat influenza, amygdalitis, pertussis, etc. Their mechanism of action is still unknown, which raises the need to identify new bioactive compounds in this plant. Objective In this study, we isolated a novel saponin containing sulphonic groups, namely, asprellcoside A (1) and a known phenolic glycoside compound (2) from the roots of Ilex asprella and evaluated their bioactivities. Materials and methods Molecular structures were elucidated by analysing their spectral and chemical properties. The viability of A549 cells was tested using a MTT assay. Ability of the compounds to inhibit viruses was determined using the neuraminidase activity assay. Their anti-inflammatory effects were tested using the IP-10 activity assay using various concentrations (compound 1: 0.6, 0.2, 0.6, 1.70, 5.00 and 15.00 μM; compound 2: 0.4, 1.2, 3.6, 11.0, 33.0 and 100 μM). Their inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in rabbit plasma was determined at 60 and 80 μM. Results Both compounds inhibit influenza virus strain A/PuertoRico/8/1934 (H1N1) strongly with EC50 values of 4.1 and 1.7 μM, respectively. Both compounds inhibit the secretion of IP-10 with EC50 values of 6.6 and 2.5 μM, respectively. Compound 1 alone inhibited platelet aggregation significantly, with the rate of suppression being 47 ± 8 and 38 ± 3%, at 60 and 80 μM, respectively. Conclusions The results suggest that both compounds may be valid therapeutics against influenza virus infection and that compound 1 may be a novel agent for treating thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hua Peng
- a Department of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei-Ping Dai
- a Department of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Si-Jun Liu
- a Department of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Liang-Wen Yu
- a Department of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yi-Na Wu
- a Department of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Rui Liu
- b Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , China
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- b Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiao-Ping Lai
- a Department of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiong Li
- c The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhong-Xiang Zhao
- a Department of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Geng Li
- a Department of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
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Damera G, Pham TH, Zhang J, Ward CK, Newbold P, Ranade K, Sethi S. A Sputum Proteomic Signature That Associates with Increased IL-1β Levels and Bacterial Exacerbations of COPD. Lung 2016; 194:363-9. [PMID: 27083436 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-016-9877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activation of the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling pathway has been implicated in COPD, but the proportion of COPD subjects whose disease is principally driven by activation of this pathway is poorly understood. In this study, we sought to differentiate an IL-1β-associated sputum signature from other inflammation-associated COPD phenotypes. METHODS Luminex-multiplex assays were used to study IL-1β-mediated signature proteins within airway epithelium, smooth muscle, and vascular endothelial cell cultures. The IL-1β-mediated signature was tested in a longitudinal study comprising of 35 paired stable-COPD and acute exacerbation (AECOPD) sputum samples. The presence of respiratory pathogens (H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa) was evaluated by sputum cultures. RESULTS Five proteins namely TNF-α, GCSF, IL-6, CD-40L, and MIP-1β were found to be IL-1β-regulated across all donors and cell types. All five of these IL-1β-mediated proteins were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in sputum corresponding to AECOPD events showing at least a twofold increase in IL-1β (IL-1β(+) events, 18 of 35 total events), relative to preceding stable-COPD state. Sputum IL-1β levels showed no significant association (p > 0.05, spearman) with known markers of other major COPD inflammation phenotypes. In addition, there was a significant association with bacterial presence in sputum culture with an odds ratio of 9 (95 % CI 1.56, 51.9) in IL-1β(+) events versus IL-1β(-) events. CONCLUSION Our findings provide insights into potential markers of IL-1β-associated AECOPD, and reaffirm association between IL-1β pathway activation and airway bacterial infection in COPD. Taken together, our findings could help identify COPD patient subsets who may benefit from therapies targeting IL-1β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Damera
- Translational Medicine - Respiratory, Inflammation, Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
| | - Tuyet-Hang Pham
- Translational Medicine - Respiratory, Inflammation, Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Jianchun Zhang
- Nonclinical Statistics, MedImmune LLC, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Christine K Ward
- Translational Medicine - Respiratory, Inflammation, Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Paul Newbold
- Translational Medicine - Respiratory, Inflammation, Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Koustubh Ranade
- Translational Medicine - Respiratory, Inflammation, Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Sanjay Sethi
- VA WNY Healthcare System and University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Unique Loss of the PYHIN Gene Family in Bats Amongst Mammals: Implications for Inflammasome Sensing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21722. [PMID: 26906452 PMCID: PMC4764838 DOI: 10.1038/srep21722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genomic analysis of two bat species (Pteropus alecto and Myotis davidii) revealed the absence of the PYHIN gene family. This family is recognized as important immune sensors of intracellular self and foreign DNA and activators of the inflammasome and/or interferon pathways. Further assessment of a wider range of bat genomes was necessary to determine if this is a universal pattern for this large mammalian group. Here we expanded genomic analysis of this gene family to include ten bat species. We confirmed the complete loss of this gene family, with only a truncated AIM2 remaining in one species (Pteronotus parnellii). Divergence of the PYHIN gene loci between the bat lineages infers different loss-of-function histories during bat evolution. While all other major groups of placental mammals have at least one gene member, only bats have lost the entire family. This removal of inflammasome DNA sensors may indicate an important adaptation that is flight-induced and related, at least in part, to pathogen-host co-existence.
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Zhuang J, Gao P, Pollock Z, Harrod KS, Xu F. Depressed Hypoxic and Hypercapnic Ventilatory Responses at Early Stage of Lethal Avian Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147522. [PMID: 26808681 PMCID: PMC4725683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
H5N1 virus infection results in ~60% mortality in patients primarily due to respiratory failure, but the underlying causes of mortality are unclear. The goal of this study is to reveal respiratory disorders occurring at the early stage of infection that may be responsible for subsequent respiratory failure and death. BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with one of two H5N1 virus strains: HK483 (lethal) or HK486 (non-lethal) virus. Pulmonary ventilation and the responses to hypoxia (HVR; 7% O2 for 3 min) and hypercapnia (HCVR; 7% CO2 for 5 min) were measured daily at 2 days prior and 1, 2, and 3 days postinfection (dpi) and compared to mortality typically by 8 dpi. At 1, 2, and 3 dpi, immunoreactivities (IR) of substance P (SP-IR) in the nodose ganglion or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH-IR) in the carotid body coupled with the nucleoprotein of influenza A (NP-IR) was examined in some mice, while arterial blood was collected in others. Our results showed that at 2 and 3 dpi: 1) both viral infections failed to alter body temperature and weight, V˙CO2, or induce viremia while producing similarly high lung viral titers; 2) HK483, but not HK486, virus induced tachypnea and depressed HVR and HCVR without changes in arterial blood pH and gases; and 3) only HK483 virus led to NP-IR in vagal SP-IR neurons, but not in the carotid body, and increased density of vagal SP-IR neurons. In addition, all HK483, rather than HK486, mice died at 6 to 8 dpi and the earlier death was correlated with more severe depression of HVR and HCVR. Our data suggest that tachypnea and depressed HVR/HCVR occur at the early stage of lethal H5N1 viral infection associated with viral replication and increased SP-IR density in vagal neurons, which may contribute to the respiratory failure and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhuang
- Pathophysiology Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, United States of America
| | - Peng Gao
- Pathophysiology Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, United States of America
| | - Zemmie Pollock
- Pathophysiology Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, United States of America
| | - Kevin S. Harrod
- Pathophysiology Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, United States of America
| | - Fadi Xu
- Pathophysiology Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Li J, Zhou B, Li C, Chen Q, Wang Y, Li Z, Chen T, Yang C, Jiang Z, Zhong N, Yang Z, Chen R. Lariciresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from the root of Isatis indigotica inhibits influenza A virus-induced pro-inflammatory response. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:379-86. [PMID: 26320688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Isatis indigotica is a traditional Chinese medicine. Its dried roots named "ban lan gen" in Chinese, are used for clinical treatment of virus infection, tumor, inflammation with a long history. However, its anti-influenza active ingredient and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, the anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory effects of a lignan glycoside: lariciresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside isolated from the root of I. indigotica on human alveolar epithelial cell line A549 infected with influenza A virus were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical and spectroscopic methods were employed to identify the structure of the lignan glycoside. Cytotoxicity of the lignan glycoside was analyzed using methylthiazolyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. The inhibitory activity against influenza virus of the lignan was determined by CPE inhibition assay. HEK-293 cells stably co-transfected with NF-κB responsive firefly luciferase and constitutively expressing GFP were employed for monitoring the effect of the lignan on NF-κB signal pathway activation. Nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes was monitored by indirect immunofluorescence. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to quantify the expression profiling of cytokines and chemokines after infection with influenza virus. RESULTS We showed that the lignan glycoside treatment was effective against the influenza A virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in MDCK cells. Further study demonstrated the lignan glycoside attenuated virus-induced NF-κB activation, but did not affect export of viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes from the nucleus in late stages of infection. We revealed that the lignan glycoside suppressed influenza A virus (H1N1)-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory molecules IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, MCP-1, IP-10 and IFN-α. Moreover, the cytokines and chemokines profiles induced by H9N2 virus resembled those of influenza virus H1N1, but the lignan glycoside reduced the expression of IP-10 and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the lignan glycoside is a bioactive component of I. indigotica which may contribute an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Beixian Zhou
- Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau S.A.R
| | - Chufang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - QiaoYan Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Zhengtu Li
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | | | - Zhihong Jiang
- Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau S.A.R
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China; Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau S.A.R
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China; Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau S.A.R..
| | - Rongchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China.
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The Flavonoid Isoliquiritigenin Reduces Lung Inflammation and Mouse Morbidity during Influenza Virus Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:6317-27. [PMID: 26248373 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01098-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The host response to influenza virus infection is characterized by an acute lung inflammatory response in which intense inflammatory cell recruitment, hypercytokinemia, and a high level of oxidative stress are present. The sum of these events contributes to the virus-induced lung damage that leads to high a level of morbidity and mortality in susceptible infected patients. In this context, we identified compounds that can simultaneously reduce the excessive inflammatory response and the viral replication as a strategy to treat influenza virus infection. We investigated the anti-inflammatory and antiviral potential activities of isoliquiritigenin (ILG). Interestingly, we demonstrated that ILG is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus replication in human bronchial epithelial cells (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 24.7 μM). In addition, our results showed that this molecule inhibits the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced after the infection of cells with influenza virus. We demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory activity of ILG in the context of influenza virus infection is dependent on the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma pathway. Interestingly, ILG phosphate (ILG-p)-treated mice displayed decreased lung inflammation as depicted by reduced cytokine gene expression and inflammatory cell recruitment. We also demonstrated that influenza virus-specific CD8(+) effector T cell recruitment was reduced up to 60% in the lungs of mice treated with ILG-p (10 mg/kg) compared to that in saline-treated mice. Finally, we showed that administration of ILG-p reduced lung viral titers and morbidity of mice infected with the PR8/H1N1 virus.
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The role of C5a in acute lung injury induced by highly pathogenic viral infections. Emerg Microbes Infect 2015; 4:e28. [PMID: 26060601 PMCID: PMC4451266 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complement system, an important part of innate immunity, plays a critical role in pathogen clearance. Unregulated complement activation is likely to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by highly pathogenic virus including influenza A viruses H5N1, H7N9, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus. In highly pathogenic virus-induced acute lung diseases, high levels of chemotactic and anaphylatoxic C5a were produced as a result of excessive complement activaiton. Overproduced C5a displays powerful biological activities in activation of phagocytic cells, generation of oxidants, and inflammatory sequelae named "cytokine storm", and so on. Blockade of C5a signaling have been implicated in the treatment of ALI induced by highly pathogenic virus. Herein, we review the literature that links C5a and ALI, and review our understanding of the mechanisms by which C5a affects ALI during highly pathogenic viral infection. In particular, we discuss the potential of the blockade of C5a signaling to treat ALI induced by highly pathogenic viruses.
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Bhan U, Podsiad AB, Kovach MA, Ballinger MN, Keshamouni V, Standiford TJ. Linezolid has unique immunomodulatory effects in post-influenza community acquired MRSA pneumonia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114574. [PMID: 25635685 PMCID: PMC4312022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Post influenza pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, with mortality rates approaching 60% when bacterial infections are secondary to multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus, in particular community acquired MRSA (cMRSA), has emerged as a leading cause of post influenza pneumonia. Hypothesis Linezolid (LZD) prevents acute lung injury in murine model of post influenza bacterial pneumonia Methods Mice were infected with HINI strain of influenza and then challenged with cMRSA at day 7, treated with antibiotics (LZD or Vanco) or vehicle 6 hours post bacterial challenge and lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) harvested at 24 hours for bacterial clearance, inflammatory cell influx, cytokine/chemokine analysis and assessment of lung injury. Results Mice treated with LZD or Vanco had lower bacterial burden in the lung and no systemic dissemination, as compared to the control (no antibiotic) group at 24 hours post bacterial challenge. As compared to animals receiving Vanco, LZD group had significantly lower numbers of neutrophils in the BAL (9×103 vs. 2.3×104, p < 0.01), which was associated with reduced levels of chemotactic chemokines and inflammatory cytokines KC, MIP-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β in the BAL. Interestingly, LZD treatment also protected mice from lung injury, as assessed by albumin concentration in the BAL post treatment with H1N1 and cMRSA when compared to vanco treatment. Moreover, treatment with LZD was associated with significantly lower levels of PVL toxin in lungs. Conclusion Linezolid has unique immunomodulatory effects on host inflammatory response and lung injury in a murine model of post-viral cMRSA pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi Bhan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Amy B. Podsiad
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Kovach
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Megan N. Ballinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Venkateshwar Keshamouni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Theodore J. Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Giles JA, Greenhalgh AD, Davies CL, Denes A, Shaw T, Coutts G, Rothwell NJ, McColl BW, Allan SM. Requirement for interleukin-1 to drive brain inflammation reveals tissue-specific mechanisms of innate immunity. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:525-30. [PMID: 25367678 PMCID: PMC4357393 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is implicated in a wide range of disorders affecting the brain and is, therefore, an attractive target for therapy. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a potent regulator of the innate immune system important for host defense but is also associated with injury and disease in the brain. Here, we show that IL-1 is a key mediator driving an innate immune response to inflammatory challenge in the mouse brain but is dispensable in extracerebral tissues including the lung and peritoneum. We also demonstrate that IL-1α is an important ligand contributing to the CNS dependence on IL-1 and that IL-1 derived from the CNS compartment (most likely microglia) is the major source driving this effect. These data reveal previously unknown tissue-specific requirements for IL-1 in driving innate immunity and suggest that IL-1-mediated inflammation in the brain could be selectively targeted without compromising systemic innate immune responses that are important for resistance to infection. This property could be exploited to mitigate injury- and disease-associated inflammation in the brain without increasing susceptibility to systemic infection, an important complication in several neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Giles
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Kim HM, Park EH, Yum J, Kim HS, Seo SH. Greater virulence of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in cats than in dogs. Arch Virol 2014; 160:305-13. [PMID: 25416494 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus continues to infect animals and humans. We compared the infectivity and pathogenesis of H5N1 virus in domestic cats and dogs to find out which animal is more susceptible to H5N1 influenza virus. When cats and dogs were infected with the H5N1 virus, cats suffered from severe outcomes including death, whereas dogs did not show any mortality. Viruses were shed in the nose and rectum of cats and in the nose of dogs. Viruses were detected in brain, lung, kidney, intestine, liver, and serum in the infected cats, but only in the lung in the infected dogs. Genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, Toll-like receptors, and apoptotic factors were more highly expressed in the lungs of cats than in those of dogs. Our results suggest that the intensive monitoring of dogs is necessary to prevent human infection by H5N1 influenza virus, since infected dogs may not show clear clinical signs, in contrast to infected cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heui Man Kim
- Laboratory of Influenza Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung Dong, Yuseong Gu, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
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The pathological effects of CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes are amplified by an IFNAR1-triggered chemokine feedback loop in highly pathogenic influenza infection. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:99. [PMID: 25407417 PMCID: PMC4243311 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly pathogenic influenza viruses cause high levels of morbidity, including excessive infiltration of leukocytes into the lungs, high viral loads and a cytokine storm. However, the details of how these pathological features unfold in severe influenza infections remain unclear. Accumulation of Gr1 + CD11b + myeloid cells has been observed in highly pathogenic influenza infections but it is not clear how and why they accumulate in the severely inflamed lung. In this study, we selected this cell population as a target to investigate the extreme inflammatory response during severe influenza infection. RESULTS We established H1N1 IAV-infected mouse models using three viruses of varying pathogenicity and noted the accumulation of a defined Gr1 + CD11b + myeloid population correlating with the pathogenicity. Herein, we reported that CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes are the major cell compartments in this population. Of note, impaired clearance of the high pathogenicity virus prolonged IFN expression, leading to CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes amplifying their own recruitment via an interferon-α/β receptor 1 (IFNAR1)-triggered chemokine loop. Blockage of IFNAR1-triggered signaling or inhibition of viral replication by Oseltamivir significantly suppresses the expression of CCR2 ligands and reduced the influx of CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes. Furthermore, trafficking of CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes from the bone marrow to the lung was evidenced by a CCR2-dependent chemotaxis. Importantly, leukocyte infiltration, cytokine storm and expression of iNOS were significantly reduced in CCR2-/- mice lacking infiltrating CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes, enhancing the survival of the infected mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that uncontrolled viral replication leads to excessive production of inflammatory innate immune responses by accumulating CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes, which contribute to the fatal outcomes of high pathogenicity virus infections.
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Leung YHC, Nicholls JM, Ho CK, Sia SF, Mok CKP, Valkenburg SA, Cheung P, Hui KPY, Chan RWY, Guan Y, Akira S, Peiris JSM. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 and pandemic H1N1 virus infections have different phenotypes in Toll-like receptor 3 knockout mice. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:1870-1879. [PMID: 24878639 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.066258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in innate immunity to virus infections. We investigated the role of TLR3 in the pathogenesis of H5N1 and pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza virus infections in mice. Wild-type mice and those defective in TLR3 were infected with influenza A/HK/486/97 (H5N1) or A/HK/415742/09 (pH1N1) virus. For comparison, mice defective in the gene for myeloid differential factor 88 (MyD88) were also infected with the viruses, because MyD88 signals through a TLR pathway different from TLR3. Survival and body weight loss were monitored for 14 days, and lung pathology, the lung immune-cell profile, viral load and cytokine responses were studied. H5N1-infected TLR3(-/-) mice had better survival than H5N1-infected WT mice, evident by significantly faster regain of body weight, lower viral titre in the lung and fewer pathological changes in the lung. However, this improved survival was not seen upon pH1N1 infection of TLR3(-/-) mice. In contrast, MyD88(-/-) mice had an increased viral titre and decreased leukocyte infiltration in the lungs after infection with H5N1 virus and poorer survival after pH1N1 infection. In conclusion, TLR3 worsens the pathogenesis of H5N1 infection but not of pH1N1 infection, highlighting the differences in the pathogenesis of these two viruses and the different roles of TLR3 in their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Connie Leung
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - John M Nicholls
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Chuk Kwan Ho
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Sin Fun Sia
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Chris K P Mok
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Sophie A Valkenburg
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Peter Cheung
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kenrie P Y Hui
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Renee W Y Chan
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Y Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - S Akira
- Department of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan
| | - J S Malik Peiris
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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Mok CKP, Kang SSR, Chan RWY, Yue PYK, Mak NK, Poon LLM, Wong RNS, Peiris JSM, Chan MCW. Anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects of indirubin derivatives in influenza A (H5N1) virus infected primary human peripheral blood-derived macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. Antiviral Res 2014; 106:95-104. [PMID: 24717263 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Human disease caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) (H5N1) is associated with fulminant viral pneumonia and mortality rates in excess of 60%. Acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) has been found to be the most severe form of acute lung injury caused by H5N1 virus infection while cytokine dysregulation and viral replication are thought to contribute to its pathogenesis. In this study, the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of two indirubin derivatives: indirubin-3'-oxime (IM) and E804 on primary human peripherial blood-derived macrophages and type-I like pneumocytes (human alveolar epithelial cells) during influenza A (H5N1) virus infection were investigated. We found that both of the indirubin derivatives strongly suppress the pro-inflammatory cytokines including IP-10 (CXCL10), one of the key factors which contribute to the lung inflammation during H5N1 virus infection. In addition, we also demonstrated that the indirubin derivative delays the virus replication in the primary cell culture models. Our results showed that indirubin derivatives have a potential to be used as an adjunct to antiviral therapy for the treatment of severe human H5N1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris K P Mok
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; The HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Sara S R Kang
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Renee W Y Chan
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Patrick Y K Yue
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Nai K Mak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Leo L M Poon
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ricky N S Wong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - J S Malik Peiris
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; The HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Michael C W Chan
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Zimmerman
- School of Biological Sciences; Julian Hall 210, Campus Box 4120, Illinois State University; Normal Illinois 61790-4120 USA
| | - Rachel M. Bowden
- School of Biological Sciences; Julian Hall 210, Campus Box 4120, Illinois State University; Normal Illinois 61790-4120 USA
| | - Laura A. Vogel
- School of Biological Sciences; Julian Hall 210, Campus Box 4120, Illinois State University; Normal Illinois 61790-4120 USA
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