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Samanta S, Mondal P. A Comprehensive Computational Study on the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Tetrahydrobiopterin Regeneration Process. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400401. [PMID: 38861155 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
One of the most crucial enzymatic cofactors in the human body is tetrahydrobiopterin, which is acquired through biological synthesis and self-regeneration. During this regenerative process, it undergoes oxidation, deprotonation, further oxidation, and subsequent deprotonation, resulting in the formation of quinonoid-dihydrobiopterin, which then undergoes tautomerization to yield dihydrobiopterin. This study presents the thermodynamic and kinetic properties associated with each stage of the regeneration process using theoretical calculations. The redox potentials for oxidation steps and the pKa values for deprotonation steps are determined employing the Born-Haber cycle and the direct change of free energy in implicit solvent models. The redox metabolites are characterized and confirmed from their calculated absorption spectra using the time-dependent density functional theory method. For the tautomerization steps, an IRC calculation is executed, and rate constants are computed using Eyring's Transition State Theory (TST). The tunnelling probability of the H atom during the tautomerization process is incorporated using Wigner's tunnelling correction in the calculation of the rate constant. Notably, we identify the N3 atom as the most probable deprotonation site for H3B+ and predict its geometry based on our calculations. Furthermore, we elucidate the spectral properties of intermediates involved in the regeneration process, highlighting key electronic transitions responsible for their excitations. Our results indicate that each step of tautomerization occurs along vibrational bending modes. We have observed that these tautomerization processes have high activation energies by optimising transition states. Additionally, considering tunnelling correction can significantly affect the reaction rates associated with these processes. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the regeneration process of tetrahydrobiopterin, which will help in the modulation of its biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvadip Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, India
| | - Padmabati Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, India
- Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences and Technologies, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, India
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Zhazykbayeva S, Budde H, Kaçmaz M, Zemedie Y, Osman H, Hassoun R, Jaquet K, Akin I, El-Battrawy I, Herwig M, Hamdani N. Exploring PKG signaling as a therapeutic avenue for pressure overload, ischemia, and HFpEF. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39329430 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2400093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) is a complex and heterogeneous syndrome resulting from any diastolic or systolic dysfunction of the cardiac muscle. In addition to comorbid conditions, pressure overload, and myocardial ischemia are associated with cardiac remodeling which manifests as extracellular matrix (ECM) perturbations, impaired cellular responses, and subsequent ventricular dysfunction. AREAS COVERED The current review discusses the main aspects of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway (cGMP-PKG) pathway modulators and highlights the promising outcomes of its novel pharmacological boosters. EXPERT OPINION Among several signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of pressure overload, ischemia and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is cGMP-PKG pathway. This pathway plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cardiac contractility, and modulation of cGMP-PKG signaling, contributing to the development of the diseases. Ventricular cardiomyocytes of HF patients and animal models are known to exhibit reduced cGMP levels and disturbed cGMP signaling including hypophosphorylation of PKG downstream targets. However, restoration of cGMP-PKG signaling improves cardiomyocyte function and promotes cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhazykbayeva
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - H Budde
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kaçmaz
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- HCEMM-SU Cardiovascular Comorbidities Research Group, Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Intézet címe Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Y Zemedie
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - H Osman
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - R Hassoun
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - K Jaquet
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - I Akin
- Medical University Mannheim, Medical Faculty, Mannheim University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I El-Battrawy
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, UK RUB, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Herwig
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - N Hamdani
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- HCEMM-SU Cardiovascular Comorbidities Research Group, Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Intézet címe Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, UK RUB, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Zhou QF, Lu QY, Dai Y, Chen QJ, He XS, Chen S, Zhao JT, Zhang FR, Lu L, Yang F. The value of phenylalanine in predicting atrial fibrillation risk in chronic heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1392548. [PMID: 39228663 PMCID: PMC11368762 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1392548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of chronic heart failure (HF). Serum phenylalanine (Phe) levels are related to inflammation disorder. It is meaningful to study the circulating Phe with AF occurrence in HF. Methods The cross-sectional study recruited 300 patients (78.0% male; mean age, 65 ± 13 years) with HF (left ventricular ejection fraction of ≤50%, containing 70 AF patients) and 100 normal controls. Serum Phe value was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to measure the association between Phe and AF risk in HF. The association between Phe and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was assessed by simple correlation analysis. In the prospective study, the 274 HF subjects (76.6% male; mean age, 65 ± 13 years) were followed up for a mean year (10.99 ± 3.00 months). Results Serum Phe levels increased across the control, the HF without AF, and the HF with AF groups (77.60 ± 8.67 umol/L vs. 95.24 ± 28.58 umol/L vs. 102.90 ± 30.43 umol/L, ANOVA P < 0.001). Serum Phe value was the independent risk factor for predicting AF in HF [odds ratio (OR), 1.640; 95% CI: 1.150-2.339; P = 0.006]. Phe levels were correlated positively with hsCRP value in HF patients with AF (r = 0.577, P < 0.001). The elevated Phe levels were associated with a higher risk of HF endpoint events in HF patients with AF (log-rank P = 0.005). Conclusions In HF with AF subjects, elevated Phe value confers an increased risk for prediction AF and was more related to poor HF endpoint events. Phe can be a valuable index of AF in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Fen Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Ya Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Jing Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang He
- Department of Pharmacy, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Tao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Ru Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kaltsas A, Zikopoulos A, Dimitriadis F, Sheshi D, Politis M, Moustakli E, Symeonidis EN, Chrisofos M, Sofikitis N, Zachariou A. Oxidative Stress and Erectile Dysfunction: Pathophysiology, Impacts, and Potential Treatments. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8807-8834. [PMID: 39194738 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent condition affecting men's sexual health, with oxidative stress (OS) having recently been identified as a significant contributing causative factor. This narrative review aims to elucidate the role of OS in the pathophysiology of ED, focusing on impact, mechanisms, and potential therapeutic interventions. Key findings indicate that OS disrupts endothelial function and nitric oxide (NO) signaling, crucial for erectile function. Various sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their detrimental effects on penile tissue are discussed, including aging, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, psychological stress, hyperhomocysteinemia, chronic kidney disease, and sickle cell disease. Major sources of ROS, such as NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, uncoupled endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and mitochondrial electron transport, are identified. NO is scavenged by these ROS, leading to endothelial dysfunction characterized by reduced NO availability, impaired vasodilation, increased vascular tone, and inflammation. This ultimately results in ED due to decreased blood flow to penile tissue and the inability to achieve or maintain an erection. Furthermore, ROS impact the transmission of nitrergic neurotransmitters by causing the death of nitrergic neurons and reducing the signaling of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), exacerbating ED. Therapeutic approaches targeting OS, including antioxidants and lifestyle modifications, show promise in ameliorating ED symptoms. The review underscores the need for further research to develop effective treatments, emphasizing the interplay between OS and vascular health in ED. Integrating pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies could enhance clinical outcomes for ED patients, advocating for OS management in ED treatment protocols to improve patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris Kaltsas
- Third Department of Urology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Fotios Dimitriadis
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Danja Sheshi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Magdalena Politis
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Efthalia Moustakli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelos N Symeonidis
- Department of Urology II, European Interbalkan Medical Center, 55535 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Chrisofos
- Third Department of Urology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Sofikitis
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Athanasios Zachariou
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Girish A, Sutar S, Murthy TPK, Premanand SA, Garg V, Patil L, Shreyas S, Shukla R, Yadav AK, Singh TR. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of structural and functional consequences of deleterious missense mutations in the human QDPR gene. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5485-5501. [PMID: 37382215 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2226740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Quinonoid dihydropteridine reductase (QDPR) is an enzyme that regulates tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a cofactor for enzymes involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and blood pressure regulation. Reduced QDPR activity can cause dihydrobiopterin (BH2) accumulation and BH4 depletion, leading to impaired neurotransmitter synthesis, oxidative stress, and increased risk of Parkinson's disease. A total of 10,236 SNPs were identified in the QDPR gene, with 217 being missense SNPs. Over 18 different sequence-based and structure-based tools were employed to assess the protein's biological activity, with several computational tools identifying deleterious SNPs. Additionally, the article provides detailed information about the QDPR gene and protein structure and conservation analysis. The results showed that 10 mutations were harmful and linked to brain and central nervous system disorders, and were predicted to be oncogenic by Dr. Cancer and CScape. Following conservation analysis, the HOPE server was used to analyse the effect of six selected mutations (L14P, V15G, G23S, V54G, M107K, G151S) on the protein structure. Overall, the study provides insights into the biological and functional impact of nsSNPs on QDPR activity and the potential induced pathogenicity and oncogenicity. In the future, research can be conducted to systematically evaluate QDPR gene variation through clinical studies, investigate mutation prevalence across different geographical regions, and validate computational results with conclusive experiments.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Girish
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Samruddhi Sutar
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - T P Krishna Murthy
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Vrinda Garg
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lavan Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Shreyas
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rohit Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tiratha Raj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Zhou QF, Yang F, Dai Y, Chen S, Zhang FR, Lu L, Lu QY. Tyrosine to threonine ratio was related to heart failure with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:1567-1579. [PMID: 38361178 PMCID: PMC11098665 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aim to explore the associations between serum tyrosine (Tyr) to threonine (Thr) ratio and chronic heart failure (HF) with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction (EF) (HFrEF or HFmrEF). METHODS AND RESULTS The study recruited 418 subjects (77.5% males, mean age 65.2 ± 12.5 years), including 318 HF subjects (HFrEF or HFmrEF) and 100 cardiovascular subjects without acute or chronic HF [including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)] as controls. Serum levels of 21 kinds of amino acids (AAs) were measured by mass spectrometry. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to measuring the association between the AAs levels and the presence of HF. Event-free survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier curves and differences in survival were assessed using log-rank tests. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the prognostic value of AAs in HF. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to further confirm regression analysis. Along with the control, HFmrEF, and HFrEF subjects, serum tyrosine (Tyr) gradually increased (64.43 ± 15.28 μmol/L vs. 71.79 ± 18.74 μmol/L vs. 77.32 ± 25.90 μmol/L, P < 0.001) while serum threonine (Thr) decreased (165.21 ± 40.09 μmol/L vs. 144.93 ± 44.56 μmol/L vs. 135.25 ± 41.25 μmol/L, P < 0.001). Tyr/Thr ratio was the independent risk factor for the presence of HF in all subjects [odds ratio (OR), 3.510; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.445-5.040; P < 0.001]. After following up for a mean year (11.10 ± 2.80 months) in 269 HF subjects (75.1% males, mean age 65.2 ± 12.8 years), the higher Tyr/Thr ratio was associated with a higher risk of HF endpoint events in HF subjects [hazard ratio (HR), 2.901; 95% CI: 1.228-6.851; P = 0.015]. By comparing the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC), Tyr/Thr ratio was superior to Fischer's ratio (FR) in predicting HF occurrence (0.767:0.573, P < 0.001) or cardiovascular (CV) death (0.715:0.550, P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Circulating elevated Tyr/Thr ratio confer an increased risk for the presence of HF and poor prognosis. Tyr/Thr index outweighs FR index in predicting HF occurrence or CV death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fen Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Dai
- Institution of Cardiovascular DiseaseShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuai Chen
- Institution of Cardiovascular DiseaseShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Feng Ru Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institution of Cardiovascular DiseaseShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qiu Ya Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Feng Y, Feng Y, Gu L, Mo W, Wang X, Song B, Hong M, Geng F, Huang P, Yang H, Zhu W, Jiao Y, Zhang Q, Ding WQ, Cao J, Zhang S. Tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism attenuates ROS generation and radiosensitivity through LDHA S-nitrosylation: novel insight into radiogenic lung injury. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1107-1122. [PMID: 38689083 PMCID: PMC11148139 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Genotoxic therapy triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative tissue injury. S-nitrosylation is a selective and reversible posttranslational modification of protein thiols by nitric oxide (NO), and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for NO synthesis. However, the mechanism by which BH4 affects protein S-nitrosylation and ROS generation has not been determined. Here, we showed that ionizing radiation disrupted the structural integrity of BH4 and downregulated GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in BH4 biosynthesis, resulting in deficiency in overall protein S-nitrosylation. GCH1-mediated BH4 synthesis significantly reduced radiation-induced ROS production and fueled the global protein S-nitrosylation that was disrupted by radiation. Likewise, GCH1 overexpression or the administration of exogenous BH4 protected against radiation-induced oxidative injury in vitro and in vivo. Conditional pulmonary Gch1 knockout in mice (Gch1fl/fl; Sftpa1-Cre+/- mice) aggravated lung injury following irradiation, whereas Gch1 knock-in mice (Gch1lsl/lsl; Sftpa1-Cre+/- mice) exhibited attenuated radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity. Mechanistically, lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) mediated ROS generation downstream of the BH4/NO axis, as determined by iodoacetyl tandem mass tag (iodoTMT)-based protein quantification. Notably, S-nitrosylation of LDHA at Cys163 and Cys293 was regulated by BH4 availability and could restrict ROS generation. The loss of S-nitrosylation in LDHA after irradiation increased radiosensitivity. Overall, the results of the present study showed that GCH1-mediated BH4 biosynthesis played a key role in the ROS cascade and radiosensitivity through LDHA S-nitrosylation, identifying novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of radiation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, 214002, Wuxi, China
| | - Yahui Feng
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, 610051, Chengdu, China
| | - Liming Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Song
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Fenghao Geng
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, 214002, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei-Qun Ding
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Centre, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jianping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, 610051, Chengdu, China.
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), 621099, Mianyang, China.
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8
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Tabish TA, Crabtree MJ, Townley HE, Winyard PG, Lygate CA. Nitric Oxide Releasing Nanomaterials for Cardiovascular Applications. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:691-709. [PMID: 38984042 PMCID: PMC11228123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
A central paradigm of cardiovascular homeostasis is that impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability results in a wide array of cardiovascular dysfunction including incompetent endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, thrombosis, vascular inflammation, and proliferation of the intima. Over the course of more than a century, NO donating formulations such as organic nitrates and nitrites have remained a cornerstone of treatment for patients with cardiovascular diseases. These donors primarily produce NO in the circulation and are not targeted to specific (sub)cellular sites of action. However, safe, and therapeutic levels of NO require delivery of the right amount to a precise location at the right time. To achieve these aims, several recent strategies aimed at therapeutically generating or releasing NO in living systems have shown that polymeric and inorganic (silica, gold) nanoparticles and nanoscale metal-organic frameworks could either generate NO endogenously by the catalytic decomposition of endogenous NO substrates or can store and release therapeutically relevant amounts of NO gas. NO-releasing nanomaterials have been developed for vascular implants (such as stents and grafts) to target atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cardiac tissue engineering. In this review, we discuss the advances in design and development of novel NO-releasing nanomaterials for cardiovascular therapeutics and critically examine the therapeutic potential of these nanoplatforms to modulate cellular metabolism, to regulate vascular tone, inhibit platelet aggregation, and limit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle with minimal toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer A Tabish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Biosciences & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Townley
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Winyard
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Craig A Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Wan X, Huang H, Shen J, Wu B, Zhu L, Wu B, Liu W, Huang L, Qian K, Ma J. Ferric particle-assisted LDI-MS platform for metabolic fingerprinting of diabetic retinopathy. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:988-998. [PMID: 38018477 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the metabolic fingerprints of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in individuals with type 2 diabetes using a newly-developed laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) platform assisted by ferric particles. METHODS Metabolic fingerprinting was performed using a ferric particle-assisted LDI-MS platform. A nested population-based case-control study was performed on 216 DR cases and 216 control individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS DR cases and control individuals with type 2 diabetes were comparable for a list of clinical factors. The newly-developed LDI-MS platform allowed us to draw the blueprint of plasma metabolic fingerprints from participants with and without DR. The neural network afforded diagnostic performance with an average area under curve value of 0.928 for discovery cohort and 0.905 for validation cohort (95 % confidence interval: 0.902-0.954 and 0.845-0.965, respectively). Tandem MS and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS with ultrahigh resolution identified seven specific metabolites that were significantly associated with DR in fully adjusted models. Of these metabolites, dihydrobiopterin, phosphoserine, N-arachidonoylglycine, and 3-methylhistamine levels in plasma were first reported to show the associations. CONCLUSIONS This work advances the design of metabolic analysis for DR and holds the potential to promise as an efficient tool for clinical management of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Beirui Wu
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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10
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Feng L, Gao L. The role of neurovascular coupling dysfunction in cognitive decline of diabetes patients. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1375908. [PMID: 38576869 PMCID: PMC10991808 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1375908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is an important mechanism to ensure adequate blood supply to active neurons in the brain. NVC damage can lead to chronic impairment of neuronal function. Diabetes is characterized by high blood sugar and is considered an important risk factor for cognitive impairment. In this review, we provide fMRI evidence of NVC damage in diabetic patients with cognitive decline. Combined with the exploration of the major mechanisms and signaling pathways of NVC, we discuss the effects of chronic hyperglycemia on the cellular structure of NVC signaling, including key receptors, ion channels, and intercellular connections. Studying these diabetes-related changes in cell structure will help us understand the underlying causes behind diabetes-induced NVC damage and early cognitive decline, ultimately helping to identify the most effective drug targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Gupta P, Kumar R. Nitric oxide: A potential etiological agent for vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease. Nitric Oxide 2024; 144:40-46. [PMID: 38316197 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a vasodilator contributes to the vaso-occlusive crisis associated with the sickle cell disease (SCD). Vascular nitric oxide helps in vasodilation, controlled platelet aggregation, and preventing adhesion of sickled red blood cells to the endothelium. It decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory genes responsible for atherogenesis associated with SCD. Haemolysis and activated endothelium in SCD patients reduce the bioavailability of NO which promotes the severity of sickle cell disease mainly causes vaso-occlusive crises. Additionally, NO depletion can also contribute to the formation of thrombus, which can cause serious complications such as stroke, pulmonary embolism etc. Understanding the multifaceted role of NO provides valuable insights into its therapeutic potential for managing SCD and preventing associated complications. Various clinical trials and studies suggested the importance of artificially induced nitric oxide and its supplements in the reduction of severity. Further research on the mechanisms of NO depletion in SCD is needed to develop more effective treatment strategies and improve the management of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Gupta
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, India.
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12
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Kishi S, Nagasu H, Kidokoro K, Kashihara N. Oxidative stress and the role of redox signalling in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:101-119. [PMID: 37857763 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern, underscoring a need to identify pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are derivatives of oxygen molecules that are generated during aerobic metabolism and are involved in a variety of cellular functions that are governed by redox conditions. Low levels of ROS are required for diverse processes, including intracellular signal transduction, metabolism, immune and hypoxic responses, and transcriptional regulation. However, excess ROS can be pathological, and contribute to the development and progression of chronic diseases. Despite evidence linking elevated levels of ROS to CKD development and progression, the use of low-molecular-weight antioxidants to remove ROS has not been successful in preventing or slowing disease progression. More recent advances have enabled evaluation of the molecular interactions between specific ROS and their targets in redox signalling pathways. Such studies may pave the way for the development of sophisticated treatments that allow the selective control of specific ROS-mediated signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kishi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hajime Nagasu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kengo Kidokoro
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoki Kashihara
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
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13
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Gupta P, Kumar R. GTP cyclohydroxylase1 (GCH1): Role in neurodegenerative diseases. Gene 2023; 888:147749. [PMID: 37652170 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
GCH1 gene provides directions for the synthesis of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 which regulates the formation of Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). BH4 is a crucial cofactor for essential neurotransmitters synthesis such as dopamine, serotonin and nitric oxide synthases. Deficiency of GCH1 limits the synthesis of BH4 which is responsible for neuropsychiatric diseases such as dopa-responsive dystonia, hyperalaninemia, Parkinson's disease and depression. Few single nucleotide polymorphisms of GCH1 gene are also responsible for pain in sickle cell disease. Furthermore, GCH1 regulates NO activity which controls the blood pressure, vasodilatory functions and oxidative stress. Understanding the therapeutic implications of targeting GCH1 which holds promise for treating various diseases. Novel therapeutic strategies could involve small molecule drugs or gene therapy techniques that enhance GCH1 expression or activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Gupta
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, India.
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14
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Roth L, Dogan S, Tuna BG, Aranyi T, Benitez S, Borrell-Pages M, Bozaykut P, De Meyer GRY, Duca L, Durmus N, Fonseca D, Fraenkel E, Gillery P, Giudici A, Jaisson S, Johansson M, Julve J, Lucas-Herald AK, Martinet W, Maurice P, McDonnell BJ, Ozbek EN, Pucci G, Pugh CJA, Rochfort KD, Roks AJM, Rotllan N, Shadiow J, Sohrabi Y, Spronck B, Szeri F, Terentes-Printzios D, Tunc Aydin E, Tura-Ceide O, Ucar E, Yetik-Anacak G. Pharmacological modulation of vascular ageing: A review from VascAgeNet. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102122. [PMID: 37956927 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Vascular ageing, characterized by structural and functional changes in blood vessels of which arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are key components, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and other age-related diseases. As the global population continues to age, understanding the underlying mechanisms and developing effective therapeutic interventions to mitigate vascular ageing becomes crucial for improving cardiovascular health outcomes. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the current knowledge on pharmacological modulation of vascular ageing, highlighting key strategies and promising therapeutic targets. Several molecular pathways have been identified as central players in vascular ageing, including oxidative stress and inflammation, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, cellular senescence, macroautophagy, extracellular matrix remodelling, calcification, and gasotransmitter-related signalling. Pharmacological and dietary interventions targeting these pathways have shown potential in ameliorating age-related vascular changes. Nevertheless, the development and application of drugs targeting vascular ageing is complicated by various inherent challenges and limitations, such as certain preclinical methodological considerations, interactions with exercise training and sex/gender-related differences, which should be taken into account. Overall, pharmacological modulation of endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness as hallmarks of vascular ageing, holds great promise for improving cardiovascular health in the ageing population. Nonetheless, further research is needed to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the efficacy and safety of these interventions for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Roth
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Soner Dogan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Bilge Guvenc Tuna
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Tamas Aranyi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sonia Benitez
- CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Borrell-Pages
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Perinur Bozaykut
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laurent Duca
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2 "Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling", Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France
| | - Nergiz Durmus
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Diogo Fonseca
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emil Fraenkel
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Philippe Gillery
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2 "Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling", Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Alessandro Giudici
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Jaisson
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2 "Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling", Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | | | - Josep Julve
- CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pascal Maurice
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2 "Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling", Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France
| | - Barry J McDonnell
- Centre for Cardiovascular Health and Ageing, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emine Nur Ozbek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Giacomo Pucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Christopher J A Pugh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Health and Ageing, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Keith D Rochfort
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy, and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anton J M Roks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Disease and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Pathophysiology of lipid-related diseases, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - James Shadiow
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Molecular Cardiology, Dept. of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Flora Szeri
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dimitrios Terentes-Printzios
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elif Tunc Aydin
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eda Ucar
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Gunay Yetik-Anacak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acıbadem Mehmet Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkiye.
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15
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Jing Z, Wang G, Li Z, Wu S, Qiu X, Huang R. Association of blood pressure variability with target organ damage in older patients with essential hypertension. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2023; 9:320-328. [PMID: 37915384 PMCID: PMC10617365 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although multiple measures of blood pressure variability (BPV) have been proposed, whether they are better than mean blood pressure in predicting target organs is unclear. We aimed to determine the relationship between short term BPV and target organ injury. Methods This study was a retrospective study, and 635 inpatients in the Department of Cardiology from 2015 to 2020 were selected. We divided participants into four groups on the basis of the quartiles of BPV. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences between the groups, and linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between BPV and target organ damage. Results The average age of 635 patients was 74.36 ± 6.50 years old. Among them, 354 of 627 patients had diminished renal function (56.5%), 221of 604 patients had associated left ventricular hypertrophy (36.6%), and 227 of 231 patients had carotid plaque formation (98.3%). The baseline data indicated significant differences in fasting glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, sex, calcium channel blocker use, and the rate of diminished renal function. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BPV was negatively correlated with renal injury (creatinine: r = 0.306, p < 0.01; estimated glomerular filtration rate: r = 0.058, p < 0.01), and BPV is positively correlated with cardiac injury (r = 0.083, p < 0.01). Elevated BPV was not found to be associated with vascular injury. Conclusion Renal function decreases with increasing BPV and left ventricular mass increases with increasing BPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zeya Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and EBM, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiang Qiu
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Fangshan First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Rongchong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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16
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Banerjee P, Rosales JE, Chau K, Nguyen MTH, Kotla S, Lin SH, Deswal A, Dantzer R, Olmsted-Davis EA, Nguyen H, Wang G, Cooke JP, Abe JI, Le NT. Possible molecular mechanisms underlying the development of atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1186679. [PMID: 37332576 PMCID: PMC10272458 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1186679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer survivors undergone treatment face an increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies have revealed that chemotherapy can drive senescent cancer cells to acquire a proliferative phenotype known as senescence-associated stemness (SAS). These SAS cells exhibit enhanced growth and resistance to cancer treatment, thereby contributing to disease progression. Endothelial cell (EC) senescence has been implicated in atherosclerosis and cancer, including among cancer survivors. Treatment modalities for cancer can induce EC senescence, leading to the development of SAS phenotype and subsequent atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Consequently, targeting senescent ECs displaying the SAS phenotype hold promise as a therapeutic approach for managing atherosclerotic CVD in this population. This review aims to provide a mechanistic understanding of SAS induction in ECs and its contribution to atherosclerosis among cancer survivors. We delve into the mechanisms underlying EC senescence in response to disturbed flow and ionizing radiation, which play pivotal role in atherosclerosis and cancer. Key pathways, including p90RSK/TERF2IP, TGFβR1/SMAD, and BH4 signaling are explored as potential targets for cancer treatment. By comprehending the similarities and distinctions between different types of senescence and the associated pathways, we can pave the way for targeted interventions aim at enhancing the cardiovascular health of this vulnerable population. The insights gained from this review may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for managing atherosclerotic CVD in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julia Enterría Rosales
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- School of Medicine, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Khanh Chau
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minh T. H. Nguyen
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Olmsted-Davis
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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17
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Chu SM, Heather LC, Chuaiphichai S, Nicol T, Wright B, Miossec M, Bendall JK, Douglas G, Crabtree MJ, Channon KM. Cardiomyocyte tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis regulates fatty acid metabolism and susceptibility to ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:874-890. [PMID: 37184360 PMCID: PMC10988529 DOI: 10.1113/ep090795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What are the physiological roles of cardiomyocyte-derived tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in cardiac metabolism and stress response? What is the main finding and its importance? Cardiomyocyte BH4 has a physiological role in cardiac metabolism. There was a shift of substrate preference from fatty acid to glucose in hearts with targeted deletion of BH4 synthesis. The changes in fatty-acid metabolic profile were associated with a protective effect in response to ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, and reduced infarct size. Manipulating fatty acid metabolism via BH4 availability could play a therapeutic role in limiting IR injury. ABSTRACT Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for nitric oxide (NO) synthases in which its production of NO is crucial for cardiac function. However, non-canonical roles of BH4 have been discovered recently and the cell-specific role of cardiomyocyte BH4 in cardiac function and metabolism remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we developed a novel mouse model of cardiomyocyte BH4 deficiency, by cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Gch1, which encodes guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I, a required enzyme for de novo BH4 synthesis. Cardiomyocyte (cm)Gch1 mRNA expression and BH4 levels from cmGch1 KO mice were significantly reduced compared to Gch1flox/flox (WT) littermates. Transcriptomic analyses and protein assays revealed downregulation of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in cmGch1 KO hearts compared with WT, accompanied by increased triacylglycerol concentration within the myocardium. Deletion of cardiomyocyte BH4 did not alter basal cardiac function. However, the recovery of left ventricle function was improved in cmGch1 KO hearts when subjected to ex vivo ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, with reduced infarct size compared to WT hearts. Metabolomic analyses of cardiac tissue after IR revealed that long-chain fatty acids were increased in cmGch1 KO hearts compared to WT, whereas at 5 min reperfusion (post-35 min ischaemia) fatty acid metabolite levels were higher in WT compared to cmGch1 KO hearts. These results indicate a new role for BH4 in cardiomyocyte fatty acid metabolism, such that reduction of cardiomyocyte BH4 confers a protective effect in response to cardiac IR injury. Manipulating cardiac metabolism via BH4 could play a therapeutic role in limiting IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy M. Chu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Lisa C. Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Surawee Chuaiphichai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Thomas Nicol
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Benjamin Wright
- Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Matthieu Miossec
- Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jennifer K. Bendall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Gillian Douglas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mark J. Crabtree
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Taibl KR, Dunlop AL, Barr DB, Li YY, Eick SM, Kannan K, Ryan PB, Schroder M, Rushing B, Fennell T, Chang CJ, Tan Y, Marsit CJ, Jones DP, Liang D. Newborn metabolomic signatures of maternal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure and reduced length of gestation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3120. [PMID: 37253729 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Marginalized populations experience disproportionate rates of preterm birth and early term birth. Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been reported to reduce length of gestation, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In the present study, we characterized the molecular signatures of prenatal PFAS exposure and gestational age at birth outcomes in the newborn dried blood spot metabolome among 267 African American dyads in Atlanta, Georgia between 2016 and 2020. Pregnant people with higher serum perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid concentrations had increased odds of an early birth. After false discovery rate correction, the effect of prenatal PFAS exposure on reduced length of gestation was associated with 8 metabolomic pathways and 52 metabolites in newborn dried blood spots, which suggested perturbed tissue neogenesis, neuroendocrine function, and redox homeostasis. These mechanisms explain how prenatal PFAS exposure gives rise to the leading cause of infant death in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin R Taibl
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie M Eick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Barry Ryan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Madison Schroder
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Blake Rushing
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy Fennell
- Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceuticals, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Che-Jung Chang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youran Tan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donghai Liang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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19
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Cronin SJF, Andrews NA, Latremoliere A. Peripheralized sepiapterin reductase inhibition as a safe analgesic therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1173599. [PMID: 37251335 PMCID: PMC10213231 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1173599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel analgesics for chronic pain in the last 2 decades has proven virtually intractable, typically failing due to lack of efficacy and dose-limiting side effects. Identified through unbiased gene expression profiling experiments in rats and confirmed by human genome-wide association studies, the role of excessive tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in chronic pain has been validated by numerous clinical and preclinical studies. BH4 is an essential cofactor for aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, nitric oxide synthases, and alkylglycerol monooxygenase so a lack of BH4 leads to a range of symptoms in the periphery and central nervous system (CNS). An ideal therapeutic goal therefore would be to block excessive BH4 production, while preventing potential BH4 rundown. In this review, we make the case that sepiapterin reductase (SPR) inhibition restricted to the periphery (i.e., excluded from the spinal cord and brain), is an efficacious and safe target to alleviate chronic pain. First, we describe how different cell types that engage in BH4 overproduction and contribute to pain hypersensitivity, are themselves restricted to peripheral tissues and show their blockade is sufficient to alleviate pain. We discuss the likely safety profile of peripherally restricted SPR inhibition based on human genetic data, the biochemical alternate routes of BH4 production in various tissues and species, and the potential pitfalls to predictive translation when using rodents. Finally, we propose and discuss possible formulation and molecular strategies to achieve peripherally restricted, potent SPR inhibition to treat not only chronic pain but other conditions where excessive BH4 has been demonstrated to be pathological.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nick A. Andrews
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alban Latremoliere
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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20
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Chuaiphichai S, Chu SM, Carnicer R, Kelly M, Bendall JK, Simon JN, Douglas G, Crabtree MJ, Casadei B, Channon KM. Endothelial cell-specific roles for tetrahydrobiopterin in myocardial function, cardiac hypertrophy, and response to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H430-H442. [PMID: 36735402 PMCID: PMC9988535 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a critical regulator of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) function and redox signaling, with reduced BH4 implicated in multiple cardiovascular disease states. In the myocardium, augmentation of BH4 levels can impact on cardiomyocyte function, preventing hypertrophy and heart failure. However, the specific role of endothelial cell BH4 biosynthesis in the coronary circulation and its role in cardiac function and the response to ischemia has yet to be elucidated. Endothelial cell-specific Gch1 knockout mice were generated by crossing Gch1fl/fl with Tie2cre mice, generating Gch1fl/flTie2cre mice and littermate controls. GTP cyclohydrolase protein and BH4 levels were reduced in heart tissues from Gch1fl/flTie2cre mice, localized to endothelial cells, with normal cardiomyocyte BH4. Deficiency in coronary endothelial cell BH4 led to NOS uncoupling, decreased NO bioactivity, and increased superoxide and hydrogen peroxide productions in the hearts of Gch1fl/flTie2cre mice. Under physiological conditions, loss of endothelial cell-specific BH4 led to mild cardiac hypertrophy in Gch1fl/flTie2cre hearts. Endothelial cell BH4 loss was also associated with increased neuronal NOS protein, loss of endothelial NOS protein, and increased phospholamban phosphorylation at serine-17 in cardiomyocytes. Loss of cardiac endothelial cell BH4 led to coronary vascular dysfunction, reduced functional recovery, and increased myocardial infarct size following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Taken together, these studies reveal a specific role for endothelial cell Gch1/BH4 biosynthesis in cardiac function and the response to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Targeting endothelial cell Gch1 and BH4 biosynthesis may provide a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiac dysfunction and ischemia-reperfusion injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate a critical role for endothelial cell Gch1/BH4 biosynthesis in coronary vascular function and cardiac function. Loss of cardiac endothelial cell BH4 leads to coronary vascular dysfunction, reduced functional recovery, and increased myocardial infarct size following ischemia/reperfusion injury. Targeting endothelial cell Gch1 and BH4 biosynthesis may provide a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiac dysfunction, ischemia injury, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surawee Chuaiphichai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandy M Chu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Kelly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jenifer K Bendall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jillian N Simon
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gillian Douglas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Casadei
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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Miao SH, Gao SQ, Li HX, Zhuang YS, Wang X, Li T, Gao CC, Han YL, Qiu JY, Zhou ML. Increased NOX2 expression in astrocytes leads to eNOS uncoupling through dihydrofolate reductase in endothelial cells after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1121944. [PMID: 37063365 PMCID: PMC10097896 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionEndothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling plays a significant role in acute vasoconstriction during early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Astrocytes in the neurovascular unit extend their foot processes around endothelia. In our study, we tested the hypothesis that increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression in astrocytes after SAH leads to eNOS uncoupling.MethodsWe utilized laser speckle contrast imaging for monitoring cortical blood flow changes in mice, nitric oxide (NO) kits to measure the level of NO, and a co-culture system to study the effect of astrocytes on endothelial cells. Moreover, the protein levels were assessed by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. We used CCK-8 to measure the viability of astrocytes and endothelial cells, and we used the H2O2 kit to measure the H2O2 released from astrocytes. We used GSK2795039 as an inhibitor of NOX2, whereas lentivirus and adeno-associated virus were used for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) knockdown in vivo and in vitro.ResultsThe expression of NOX2 and the release of H2O2 in astrocytes are increased, which was accompanied by a decrease in endothelial DHFR 12 h after SAH. Moreover, the eNOS monomer/dimer ratio increased, leading to a decrease in NO and acute cerebral ischemia. All of the above were significantly alleviated after the administration of GSK2795039. However, after knocking down DHFR both in vivo and in vitro, the protective effect of GSK2795039 was greatly reversed.DiscussionThe increased level of NOX2 in astrocytes contributes to decreased DHFR in endothelial cells, thus aggravating eNOS uncoupling, which is an essential mechanism underlying acute vasoconstriction after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hao Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng-Qing Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Xin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-Song Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Chao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Ling Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Yin Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Liang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Meng-Liang Zhou,
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22
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Associations of Biopterins and ADMA with Vascular Function in Peripheral Microcirculation from Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065582. [PMID: 36982658 PMCID: PMC10056709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) display an altered plasma amino acid (AA) metabolomic profile that could contribute to abnormal vascular maintenance of peripheral circulation in uremia. The relationships between plasma AAs and endothelial and vascular smooth muscle function in the microcirculation of CKD patients are not well understood. The objective of this study is to investigate to what extent the levels of AAs and its metabolites are changed in CKD patients and to test their relationship with endothelial and vascular smooth muscle function. Patients with CKD stages 3 and 5 and non-CKD controls are included in this study. We report that there was a significant reduction of the biopterin (BH4/BH2) ratio, which was accompanied by increased plasma levels of BH2, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and citrulline in patients with CKD-5 vs. CKD-3 vs. controls. In vivo augmentation index measurement showed a positive association with ADMA in all participants. The contribution of nitric oxide, assessed by ex vivo assay, showed a negative association with creatinine, ADMA and citrulline in all participants. In CKD-5, BH4 negatively correlated with ADMA and ornithine levels, and the ex vivo endothelium-mediated dilatation positively correlated with phenylalanine levels. In conclusion, uremia is associated with alterations in AA metabolism that may affect endothelium-dependent dilatation and vascular stiffness in microcirculation. Interventional strategies aiming to normalize the AA metabolism could be of interest as treatment options.
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23
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Janaszak-Jasiecka A, Płoska A, Wierońska JM, Dobrucki LW, Kalinowski L. Endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS uncoupling: molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:21. [PMID: 36890458 PMCID: PMC9996905 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important molecules released by endothelial cells, and its antiatherogenic properties support cardiovascular homeostasis. Diminished NO bioavailability is a common hallmark of endothelial dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. Vascular NO is synthesized by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) from the substrate L-arginine (L-Arg), with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) as an essential cofactor. Cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, aging, or smoking increase vascular oxidative stress that strongly affects eNOS activity and leads to eNOS uncoupling. Uncoupled eNOS produces superoxide anion (O2-) instead of NO, thus becoming a source of harmful free radicals exacerbating the oxidative stress further. eNOS uncoupling is thought to be one of the major underlying causes of endothelial dysfunction observed in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Here, we discuss the main mechanisms of eNOS uncoupling, including oxidative depletion of the critical eNOS cofactor BH4, deficiency of eNOS substrate L-Arg, or accumulation of its analog asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), and eNOS S-glutathionylation. Moreover, potential therapeutic approaches that prevent eNOS uncoupling by improving cofactor availability, restoration of L-Arg/ADMA ratio, or modulation of eNOS S-glutathionylation are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janaszak-Jasiecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna M Wierońska
- Department of Neurobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lawrence W Dobrucki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Ave, MC-251, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland. .,BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
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24
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Importance of Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease - Review Article. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101646. [PMID: 36773947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Patients with myocardial infarction (MI) have both major depression as well as depressive symptoms. Therefore, due to the high prevalence of depression in post-MI patients, an assessment of its prognostic importance was put on the agenda. Patients after ACS frequently report fatigue, sleep problems, and sadness. Evaluation of these symptoms is very important because it should be clarified whether these symptoms are related only to the main disease or they indicate the presence of concomitant depression. Given a high predictive value of somatic-affective symptoms, it is recommended to assess them in post-MI patients. Further treatment of somatic and cognitive-affective symptoms of depression will improve the quality of life of patients with acute coronary events.
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25
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Münzel T, Daiber A. Vascular redox signaling, eNOS uncoupling and endothelial dysfunction in the setting of transportation noise exposure or chronic treatment with organic nitrates. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:1001-1021. [PMID: 36719770 PMCID: PMC10171967 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cardiovascular disease and drug-induced health side effects are frequently associated with - or even caused by - an imbalance between the concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and antioxidants respectively determining the metabolism of these harmful oxidants. RECENT ADVANCES According to the "kindling radical" hypothesis, initial formation of RONS may further trigger the additional activation of RONS formation under certain pathological conditions. The present review will specifically focus on a dysfunctional, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) caused by RONS in the setting of transportation noise exposure or chronic treatment with organic nitrates, especially nitroglycerin. We will further describe the various "redox switches" that are proposed to be involved in the uncoupling process of eNOS. CRITICAL ISSUES In particular, the oxidative depletion of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), and S-glutathionylation of the eNOS reductase domain will be highlighted as major pathways for eNOS uncoupling upon noise exposure or nitroglycerin treatment. In addition, oxidative disruption of the eNOS dimer, inhibitory phosphorylation of eNOS at threonine or tyrosine residues, redox-triggered accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and L-arginine deficiency will be discussed as alternative mechanisms of eNOS uncoupling. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The clinical consequences of eNOS dysfunction due to uncoupling on cardiovascular disease will be summarized also providing a template for future clinical studies on endothelial dysfunction caused by pharmacological or environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 39068, Cardiology I, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany;
| | - Andreas Daiber
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 39068, Cardiology I, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany;
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26
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Combining Phenylalanine and Leucine Levels Predicts 30-Day Mortality in Critically Ill Patients Better than Traditional Risk Factors with Multicenter Validation. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030649. [PMID: 36771356 PMCID: PMC9921772 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In critically ill patients, risk scores are used; however, they do not provide information for nutritional intervention. This study combined the levels of phenylalanine and leucine amino acids (PLA) to improve 30-day mortality prediction in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and to see whether PLA could help interpret the nutritional phases of critical illness. We recruited 676 patients with APACHE II scores ≥ 15 or intubated due to respiratory failure in ICUs, including 537 and 139 patients in the initiation and validation (multicenter) cohorts, respectively. In the initiation cohort, phenylalanine ≥ 88.5 μM (indicating metabolic disturbance) and leucine < 68.9 μM (indicating malnutrition) were associated with higher mortality rate. Based on different levels of phenylalanine and leucine, we developed PLA scores. In different models of multivariable analyses, PLA scores predicted 30-day mortality independent of traditional risk scores (p < 0.001). PLA scores were then classified into low, intermediate, high, and very-high risk categories with observed mortality rates of 9.0%, 23.8%, 45.6%, and 81.8%, respectively. These findings were validated in the multicenter cohort. PLA scores predicted 30-day mortality better than APACHE II and NUTRIC scores and provide a basis for future studies to determine whether PLA-guided nutritional intervention improves the outcomes of patients in ICUs.
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27
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Wang L, Cha X, Zhang Z, Qian J. Discrimination of serum metabolomics profiles in infants with sepsis, based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:46. [PMID: 36690951 PMCID: PMC9872383 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-07983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the most important problems to be addressed in pediatrics, characterized by insidious onset, rapid progression, and high rates of severe infection and even mortality. Biomarkers with high sensitivity and robustness are urgently required for the early diagnosis of infant sepsis. Serum metabolomic approaches based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze the samples from 30 infants with sepsis at an early stage and 30 infants with noninfectious diseases. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to screen for differential metabolites and ROC curves were generated to find potential biomarkers. Six metabolites, including phosphatidic acid (PA (8:0/14:0)), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE (16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))), cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-CHO), sphingomyelin (SM (d18:0/16:1(9Z))), prolylhydroxyproline and phosphorylcholine (P-CHO), were identified between the two groups. ROC curve analysis showed that prolylhydroxyproline (AUC = 0.832) had potential diagnostic values for infant sepsis. The AUC value was 0.859 (CI: 0.764, 0.954) in the combined model. Prolylhydroxyproline were found to be correlated with CRP and PCT levels, while PE and CDP-CHO associated with PCT levels. Pathway analysis indicated that glycerophospholipid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and necroptosis pathways played important roles in infant sepsis. Network analysis showed that the differential metabolites were linked to ERK/ MAPK, NF-κB, AMPK, mTOR, and other classical inflammatory and metabolic signaling pathways. This study identified serum metabolite profiles and three metabolites as potential biomarkers in infants with sepsis. The findings will help improve the early diagnosis of sepsis in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.412987.10000 0004 0630 1330Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Cha
- grid.412987.10000 0004 0630 1330Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongxiao Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Qian
- grid.412987.10000 0004 0630 1330Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Pérez-Castro CC, Kormanovski A, Guevara-Balcázar G, Castillo-Hernández MDC, García-Sánchez JR, Olivares-Corichi IM, López-Sánchez P, Rubio-Gayosso I. Hyperbaric oxygenation applied before or after mild or hard stress: effects on the redox state in the muscle tissue. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 27:9-20. [PMID: 36575929 PMCID: PMC9806638 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2023.27.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism is unclear for the reported protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning against oxidative stress in tissues, and the distinct effects of hyperbaric oxygen applied after stress. The trained mice were divided into three groups: the control, hyperbaric oxygenation preconditioning, and hyperbaric oxygenation applied after mild (fasting) or hard (prolonged exercise) stress. After preconditioning, we observed a decrease in basal levels of nitric oxide, tetrahydrobiopterin, and catalase despite the drastic increase in inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthases. Moreover, the basal levels of glutathione, related enzymes, and nitrosative stress only increased in the preconditioning group. The control and preconditioning groups showed a similar mild stress response of the endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthases. At the same time, the activity of all nitric oxide synthase, glutathione (GSH) in muscle, declined in the experimental groups but increased in control during hard stress. The results suggested that hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning provoked uncoupling of nitric oxide synthases and the elevated levels of GSH in muscle during this study, while hyperbaric oxygen applied after stress showed a lower level of GSH but higher recovery post-exercise levels in the majority of antioxidant enzymes. We discuss the possible mechanisms of the redox response and the role of the nitric oxide in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carolina Pérez-Castro
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Sección de Estudio de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Alexandre Kormanovski
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Sección de Estudio de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico,Correspondence Alexandre Kormanovski, E-mail:
| | - Gustavo Guevara-Balcázar
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Sección de Estudio de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | | | - José Rubén García-Sánchez
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Sección de Estudio de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Ivonne María Olivares-Corichi
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Sección de Estudio de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Pedro López-Sánchez
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Sección de Estudio de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Iván Rubio-Gayosso
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Sección de Estudio de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
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Erectile Dysfunction: Pharmacological Pathways with Understudied Potentials. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010046. [PMID: 36672554 PMCID: PMC9855349 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a public health concern worldwide. In the past, it was perceived as a phenomenon attributed to age advancement. However, more individuals are affected every year that do not fall under that age criterion. Epidemiological research revealed that this abnormality has an association with endothelial dysfunction connected to several cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Currently, ED is interpreted as a clinical marker for future adverse events and not only as a present health issue that negatively affects the quality of life. The management of ED involves lifestyle modifications, therapeutic optimization for comorbid conditions, and pharmacological and psychosexual therapy. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are the first-line pharmacological agents to be prescribed for such a condition. Nonetheless, other pharmacological pathways and agents remain underinvestigated or were investigated at some stage. This review aimed to present to future researchers interested in this field with some pharmacological agents that showed favorable effects on a limited number of studies on human subjects or experimental models.
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Insights into Molecular Structure of Pterins Suitable for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315222. [PMID: 36499560 PMCID: PMC9737128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterins are an inseparable part of living organisms. Pterins participate in metabolic reactions mostly as tetrahydropterins. Dihydropterins are usually intermediates of these reactions, whereas oxidized pterins can be biomarkers of diseases. In this review, we analyze the available data on the quantum chemistry of unconjugated pterins as well as their photonics. This gives a comprehensive overview about the electronic structure of pterins and offers some benefits for biomedicine applications: (1) one can affect the enzymatic reactions of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, NO synthases, and alkylglycerol monooxygenase through UV irradiation of H4pterins since UV provokes electron donor reactions of H4pterins; (2) the emission properties of H2pterins and oxidized pterins can be used in fluorescence diagnostics; (3) two-photon absorption (TPA) should be used in such pterin-related infrared therapy because single-photon absorption in the UV range is inefficient and scatters in vivo; (4) one can affect pathogen organisms through TPA excitation of H4pterin cofactors, such as the molybdenum cofactor, leading to its detachment from proteins and subsequent oxidation; (5) metal nanostructures can be used for the UV-vis, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy detection of pterin biomarkers. Therefore, we investigated both the biochemistry and physical chemistry of pterins and suggested some potential prospects for pterin-related biomedicine.
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Biological Assessment of the NO-Dependent Endothelial Function. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227921. [PMID: 36432022 PMCID: PMC9698916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in numerous physiological processes, including vascular homeostasis. Reduced NO bioavailability is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, a prequel to many cardiovascular diseases. Biomarkers of an early NO-dependent endothelial dysfunction obtained from routine venous blood sampling would be of great interest but are currently lacking. The direct measurement of circulating NO remains a challenge due by its high reactivity and short half-life. The current techniques measure stable products from the NO signaling pathway or metabolic end products of NO that do not accurately represent its bioavailability and, therefore, endothelial function per se. In this review, we will concentrate on an original technique of low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy capable to directly measure the 5-α-coordinated heme nitrosyl-hemoglobin in the T (tense) state (5-α-nitrosyl-hemoglobin or HbNO) obtained from fresh venous human erythrocytes. In humans, HbNO reflects the bioavailability of NO formed in the vasculature from vascular endothelial NOS or exogenous NO donors with minor contribution from erythrocyte NOS. The HbNO signal is directly correlated with the vascular endothelial function and inversely correlated with vascular oxidative stress. Pilot studies support the validity of HbNO measurements both for the detection of endothelial dysfunction in asymptomatic subjects and for the monitoring of such dysfunction in patients with known cardiovascular disease. The impact of therapies or the severity of diseases such as COVID-19 infection involving the endothelium could also be monitored and their incumbent risk of complications better predicted through serial measurements of HbNO.
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Wang CH, Chen WS, Liu MH, Lee CY, Wang MY, Liang CY, Chu CM, Wu HP, Chen WH. Stress Hyperphenylalaninemia Is Associated With Mortality in Cardiac ICU: Clinical Factors, Genetic Variants, and Pteridines. Crit Care Med 2022; 50:1577-1587. [PMID: 35916411 PMCID: PMC9555827 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hyperphenylalaninemia predicts poor outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, the prognostic value and factors associated with stress hyperphenylalaninemia (SHP) were unknown in critical patients in the cardiac ICU. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Single-center, cardiac ICU in Taiwan. PATIENTS Patients over 20 years old with Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II scores greater than or equal to 15 and/or ventilatory support in the cardiac ICU. INTERVENTIONS We measured plasma phenylalanine levels serially during patients' stays in the ICU to investigate their prognostic value for 90-day mortality. Gene array was performed to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with SHP (phenylalanine level ≥ 11.2 μmol/dL) and to develop a Genetic Risk Score (GRS). We analyzed the associations between SHP and clinical factors and genetic variants and identified the correlation between pteridines and genetic variants. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The study enrolled 497 patients. Increased phenylalanine concentration was independently associated with increased mortality risk. Patients with SHP had a higher mortality risk compared with those without SHP (log rank = 41.13; p < 0.001). SHP was associated with hepatic and renal dysfunction and with genetic polymorphisms on the pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis (CBR1 and AKR1C3) and recycling (PCBD2). Higher GRSs were associated with lower BH4 bioavailability in response to stress ( p < 0.05). In patients without SHP at baseline, those with GRSs gretaer than or equal to 2 had a higher frequency of developing SHP during the ICU stay (31.5% vs 16.1%; p = 0.001) and a higher mortality risk ( p = 0.004) compared with those with GRSs less than 2. In patients with SHP at baseline, genetic variants did not provide additional prognostic value. CONCLUSIONS SHP in patients admitted to the ICU was associated with a worse prognosis. In patients without SHP, genetic polymorphisms associated with SHP measured using a GRS of greater than or equal to 2 was associated with the subsequent SHP and higher mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hung Wang
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Siang Chen
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Intensive Care Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Liu
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ying Wang
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Intensive Care Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Liang
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Intensive Care Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Chu
- Division of pulmonary, critical care and sleep medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Wu
- Division of pulmonary, critical care and sleep medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Chen
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Intensive Care Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
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ROS: Basic Concepts, Sources, Cellular Signaling, and its Implications in Aging Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1225578. [PMID: 36312897 PMCID: PMC9605829 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1225578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are bioproducts of cellular metabolism. There is a range of molecules with oxidizing properties known as ROS. Despite those molecules being implied negatively in aging and numerous diseases, their key role in cellular signaling is evident. ROS control several biological processes such as inflammation, proliferation, and cell death. The redox signaling underlying these cellular events is one characteristic of the new generation of scientists aimed at defining the role of ROS in the cellular environment. The control of redox potential, which includes the balance of the sources of ROS and the antioxidant system, implies an important target for understanding the cells' fate derived from redox signaling. In this review, we summarized the chemical, the redox balance, the signaling, and the implications of ROS in biological aging.
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Liang D, Shu R, Jiang S, Xu M, Cai Y, Qin H, Zhang D, Feng M, Gao J, Meng Y. Exploring the Mystery of the Tetrahydrobiopterin Synthetic Defect Lethal Mutant leml from Birth to Death in the Silkworm Bombyx mori. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012083. [PMID: 36292934 PMCID: PMC9603568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a vital coenzyme for several enzymes involved in diverse enzymatic reactions in animals, and BH4 deficiency can lead to metabolic and neurological disorders due to dysfunction in its metabolism. In the silkworm natural homozygous mutant leml, the key enzyme sepiapterin reductase (BmSPR) in the de novo synthesis pathway of BH4 is inactivated, resulting in severe deficiency of BH4 synthesis. However, it is not known why the leml larvae can survive to the second-instar stage and which pathways lead to their death when BH4 is deficient. Here, we quantified BH4 and found that the fertilized eggs contained large amounts of BH4 transferred from the mother to the offspring, maintaining its normal development in the embryo and the first instar. Subsequently, we investigated the multiple pathways in which BH4 is involved as a cofactor. The results showed that BH4 deficiency in silkworms blocked the melanin synthesis pathway, caused an insufficient degree of epidermal sclerosis, disordered tyrosine metabolism, and damaged mitochondria. On the other hand, BH4 deficiency led to the uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase (BmNOS), a reduced NO production, and a significantly reduced fat in fat body catalyzation by phospholipase A2, resulting in an impaired immune system. Meanwhile, the uncoupling of BmNOS increased the O2− content, damaged the DNA, and caused the apoptosis of the body cells. Taken together, BH4 is critical for the life and death of leml mutants. This study lays a foundation for the further exploration of lepidopteran insects and provides an important basis for the treatment of human BH4 deficiency-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rui Shu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Institute of Sericulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 15 Huoshan Road, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Song Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengjun Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yangyang Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hongwei Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Daobo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengwei Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Junshan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Y.M.); Tel./Fax: +86-551-65786967 (Y.M.)
| | - Yan Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Y.M.); Tel./Fax: +86-551-65786967 (Y.M.)
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Madokoro Y, Kamikokuryo C, Niiyama S, Ito T, Hara S, Ichinose H, Kakihana Y. Early ascorbic acid administration prevents vascular endothelial cell damage in septic mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:929448. [PMID: 36278212 PMCID: PMC9582851 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.929448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of BH4, a cofactor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) through uncoupling of NOS and affects vascular endothelial dysfunction. Ascorbic acid (AsA) inhibits the oxidation of BH4 and reduces ROS. However, the kinetic changes of BH4 in sepsis and its effect on the kinetic changes in AsA administration therapy, as well as the appropriate timing of AsA administration for AsA therapy to be effective, are unclear. Mice with sepsis, induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), were examined for the effect of AsA administration (200 mg/kg) on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction at two administration timings: early group (AsA administered immediately after CLP) and late group (AsA administered 12 h after CLP). Survival rates were compared between the early and late administration groups, and vascular endothelial cell damage, indicated by the dihydrobiopterin/tetrahydrobiopterin ratio, serum syndecan-1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, as well as liver damage, were examined. The early group showed significantly improved survival compared to the non-treatment group (p < 0.05), while the late group showed no improved survival compared to the non-treatment group. Compared to the non-treated group, the early AsA group showed less oxidation of BH4 in sepsis. Syndecan1, a marker of vascular endothelial cell damage, was less elevated and organ damage was reduced in the early AsA-treated group. In septic mice, early AsA administration immediately after CLP may protect vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting BH4 oxidation, thereby reducing organ dysfunction and improving survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Madokoro
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Kamikokuryo
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuhei Niiyama
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kakihana
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yasuyuki Kakihana,
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Schmithorst VJ, Adams PS, Badaly D, Lee VK, Wallace J, Beluk N, Votava-Smith JK, Weinberg JG, Beers SR, Detterich J, Wood JC, Lo CW, Panigrahy A. Impaired Neurovascular Function Underlies Poor Neurocognitive Outcomes and Is Associated with Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Congenital Heart Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090882. [PMID: 36144286 PMCID: PMC9504090 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We use a non-invasive MRI proxy of neurovascular function (pnvf) to assess the ability of the vasculature to supply baseline metabolic demand, to compare pediatric and young adult congenital heart disease (CHD) patients to normal referents and relate the proxy to neurocognitive outcomes and nitric oxide bioavailability. In a prospective single-center study, resting-state blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI scans were successfully obtained from 24 CHD patients (age = 15.4 ± 4.06 years) and 63 normal referents (age = 14.1 ± 3.49) years. Pnvf was computed on a voxelwise basis as the negative of the ratio of functional connectivity strength (FCS) estimated from the resting-state BOLD acquisition to regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as estimated from the ASL acquisition. Pnvf was used to predict end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) levels and compared to those estimated from the BOLD data. Nitric oxide availability was obtained via nasal measurements (nNO). Pnvf was compared on a voxelwise basis between CHD patients and normal referents and correlated with nitric oxide availability and neurocognitive outcomes as assessed via the NIH Toolbox. Pnvf was shown as highly predictive of PETCO2 using theoretical modeling. Pnvf was found to be significantly reduced in CHD patients in default mode network (DMN, comprising the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate/precuneus), salience network (SN, comprising the insula and dorsal anterior cingulate), and central executive network (CEN, comprising posterior parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) regions with similar findings noted in single cardiac ventricle patients. Positive correlations of Pnvf in these brain regions, as well as the hippocampus, were found with neurocognitive outcomes. Similarly, positive correlations between Pnvf and nitric oxide availability were found in frontal DMN and CEN regions, with particularly strong correlations in subcortical regions (putamen). Reduced Pnvf in CHD patients was found to be mediated by nNO. Mediation analyses further supported that reduced Pnvf in these regions underlies worse neurocognitive outcome in CHD patients and is associated with nitric oxide bioavailability. Impaired neuro-vascular function, which may be non-invasively estimated via combined arterial-spin label and BOLD MR imaging, is a nitric oxide bioavailability dependent factor implicated in adverse neurocognitive outcomes in pediatric and young adult CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillip S. Adams
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, UPMC Children’s Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Daryaneh Badaly
- Learning and Development Center, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Vincent K. Lee
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, UPMC Children’s Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Julia Wallace
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, UPMC Children’s Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Nancy Beluk
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, UPMC Children’s Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | | | | | - Sue R. Beers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jon Detterich
- Heart Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - John C. Wood
- Heart Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Cecilia W. Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, UPMC Children’s Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-692-5510; Fax: +1-412-692-6929
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Alhajji E, Boulghobra A, Bonose M, Berthias F, Moussa F, Maître P. Multianalytical Approach for Deciphering the Specific MS/MS Transition and Overcoming the Challenge of the Separation of a Transient Intermediate, Quinonoid Dihydrobiopterin. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12578-12585. [PMID: 36074025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent technological developments in analytical chemistry, separation and direct characterization of transient intermediates remain an analytical challenge. Among these, separation and direct characterization of quinonoid dihydrobiopterin (qH2Bip), a transient intermediate of tetrahydrobiopterin (H4Bip)-dependent hydroxylation reactions, essential in living organisms, with important and varied human pathophysiological impacts, are a clear illustration. H4Bip regeneration may be impaired by competitive nonenzymatic autoxidation reactions, such as isomerization of qH2Bip into a more stable 7,8-H2Bip (H2Bip) isomer, and subsequent nonenzymatic oxidation reactions. The quinonoid qH2Bip intermediate thus plays a key role in H4Bip-dependent hydroxylation reactions. However, only a few experimental results have indirectly confirmed this finding while revealing the difficulty of isolating qH2Bip from H4Bip-containing solutions. As a result, no current H4Bip assay method allows this isomer to be quantified even by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Here, we report isolation, structural characterization, and abundance of qH2Bip formed upon H4Bip autoxidation using three methods integrated into MS/MS. First, we characterized the structure of the two observed H2B isomers using IR photodissociation spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations. Then, we used differential ion mobility spectrometry to fully separate all oxidized forms of H4Bip including qH2Bip. These data are consistent and show that qH2Bip can also be unambiguously identified thanks to its specific MS/MS transition. This finding paves the way for the quantification of qH2Bip with MS/MS methods. Most importantly, the half-life value of this intermediate is nearly equivalent to that of H4Bip (tens of minutes), suggesting that an accurate method of H4Bip analysis should include the quantification of qH2Bip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskander Alhajji
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Ayoub Boulghobra
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Myriam Bonose
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Francis Berthias
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Fathi Moussa
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Maître
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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John RV, Devasia T, N M, Lukose J, Chidangil S. Micro-Raman spectroscopy study of blood samples from myocardial infarction patients. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3451-3460. [PMID: 35821543 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is found to be a major causative factor for global mortality and morbidity. This situation demands necessity of developing efficient and rapid diagnostic tools to detect acute MI. Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive optical diagnostic technique, which has high potential in probing biochemical changes in clinical samples during initiation and progress of diseases. In this work, blood was taken as the sample to examine inflammation in acute MI patients using Raman spectroscopy. Ratio of Raman peak intensities that corresponds to phenylalanine (1000 cm-1) and tyrosine (825 cm-1) can facilitate indirect information about tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) availability, which can indicate inflammatory status in patients. This ratio obtained was higher for MI patients in comparison with control subjects. The decrease in phenylalanine and tyrosine ratio (Phe-Tyr ratio) is attributed to the prognosis of standard of care (medications like antiplatelets including aspirin, statin and revascularisation) leading to inflammation reduction. Phe-Tyr ratio estimated from the Raman spectra of blood can be exploited as a reliable method to probe inflammation due to MI. The method is highly objective, require only microliters of sample and minimal sample preparation, signifying its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena V John
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Tom Devasia
- Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mithun N
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Jijo Lukose
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Poznyak AV, Sadykhov NK, Kartuesov AG, Borisov EE, Sukhorukov VN, Orekhov AN. Aging of Vascular System Is a Complex Process: The Cornerstone Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136926. [PMID: 35805936 PMCID: PMC9266404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the most intriguing processes of human ontogenesis. It is associated with the development of a wide variety of diseases affecting all organs and their systems. The victory over aging is the most desired goal of scientists; however, it is hardly achievable in the foreseeable future due to the complexity and ambiguity of the process itself. All body systems age, lose their performance, and structural disorders accumulate. The cardiovascular system is no exception. And it is cardiovascular diseases that occupy a leading position as a cause of death, especially among the elderly. The aging of the cardiovascular system is well described from a mechanical point of view. Moreover, it is known that at the cellular level, a huge number of mechanisms are involved in this process, from mitochondrial dysfunction to inflammation. It is on these mechanisms, as well as the potential for taking control of the aging of the cardiovascular system, that we focused on in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Nikolay K. Sadykhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.S.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Andrey G. Kartuesov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.S.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Evgeny E. Borisov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 2, Abrikosovsky Lane, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 2, Abrikosovsky Lane, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.S.); (A.G.K.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 2, Abrikosovsky Lane, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
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Measurement of Tetrahydrobiopterin in Animal Tissue Samples by HPLC with Electrochemical Detection-Protocol Optimization and Pitfalls. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061182. [PMID: 35740082 PMCID: PMC9228106 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor of all nitric oxide synthase isoforms, thus determination of BH4 levels can provide important mechanistic insight into diseases. We established a protocol for high-performance liquid chromatography/electrochemical detection (HPLC/ECD)-based determination of BH4 in tissue samples. We first determined the optimal storage and work-up conditions for authentic BH4 and its oxidation product dihydrobiopterin (BH2) under various conditions (pH, temperature, presence of antioxidants, metal chelators, and storage time). We then applied optimized protocols for detection of BH4 in tissues of septic (induced by lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) rats. BH4 standards in HCl are stabilized by addition of 1,4-dithioerythritol (DTE) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), while HCl was sufficient for BH2 standard stabilization. Overnight storage of BH4 standard solutions at room temperature in HCl without antioxidants caused complete loss of BH4 and the formation of BH2. We further optimized the protocol to separate ascorbate and the BH4 tissue sample and found a significant increase in BH4 in the heart and kidney as well as higher BH4 levels by trend in the brain of septic rats compared to control rats. These findings correspond to reports on augmented nitric oxide and BH4 levels in both animals and patients with septic shock.
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Tian JJ, Levy M, Zhang X, Sinnott R, Maddela R. Counteracting Health Risks by Modulating Homeostatic Signaling. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106281. [PMID: 35661711 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis was initially conceptualized by Bernard and Cannon around a century ago as a steady state of physiological parameters that vary within a certain range, such as blood pH, body temperature, and heart rate1,2. The underlying mechanisms that maintain homeostasis are explained by negative feedbacks that are executed by the neuronal, endocrine, and immune systems. At the cellular level, homeostasis, such as that of redox and energy steady state, also exists and is regulated by various cell signaling pathways. The induction of homeostatic mechanism is critical for human to adapt to various disruptive insults (stressors); while on the other hand, adaptation occurs at the expense of other physiological processes and thus runs the risk of collateral damages, particularly under conditions of chronic stress. Conceivably, anti-stress protection can be achieved by stressor-mimicking medicinals that elicit adaptive responses prior to an insult and thereby serve as health risk countermeasures; and in situations where maladaptation may occur, downregulating medicinals could be used to suppress the responses and prevent subsequent pathogenesis. Both strategies are preemptive interventions particularly suited for individuals who carry certain lifestyle, environmental, or genetic risk factors. In this article, we will define and characterize a new modality of prophylactic intervention that forestalls diseases via modulating homeostatic signaling. Moreover, we will provide evidence from the literature that support this concept and distinguish it from other homeostasis-related interventions such as adaptogen, hormesis, and xenohormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang J Tian
- USANA Health Science, Inc., 3838 Parkway Blvd, Salt Lake City, UT 84121, USA.
| | - Mark Levy
- USANA Health Science, Inc., 3838 Parkway Blvd, Salt Lake City, UT 84121, USA
| | - Xuekai Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing100029, China; US Center for Chinese Medicine, 14801 Physicians lane, 171 A 2nd Floor, #281, Rockville MD 20850, USA
| | - Robert Sinnott
- USANA Health Science, Inc., 3838 Parkway Blvd, Salt Lake City, UT 84121, USA
| | - Rolando Maddela
- USANA Health Science, Inc., 3838 Parkway Blvd, Salt Lake City, UT 84121, USA
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Soares JPM, Gonçalves DA, de Sousa RX, Mouro MG, Higa EMS, Sperandio LP, Vitoriano CM, Rosa EBS, dos Santos FO, de Queiroz GN, Yamaguchi RSS, Pereira G, Icimoto MY, de Melo FHM. Disruption of Redox Homeostasis by Alterations in Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity and Tetrahydrobiopterin along with Melanoma Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5979. [PMID: 35682659 PMCID: PMC9181279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma emerges from the malignant transformation of melanocytes and is the most aggressive type of skin cancer. The progression can occur in different stages: radial growth phase (RGP), vertical growth phase (VGP), and metastasis. Reactive oxygen species contribute to all phases of melanomagenesis through the modulation of oncogenic signaling pathways. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an important cofactor for NOS coupling, and an uncoupled enzyme is a source of superoxide anion (O2•-) rather than nitric oxide (NO), altering the redox homeostasis and contributing to melanoma progression. In the present work, we showed that the BH4 amount varies between different cell lines corresponding to distinct stages of melanoma progression; however, they all presented higher O2•- levels and lower NO levels compared to melanocytes. Our results showed increased NOS expression in melanoma cells, contributing to NOS uncoupling. BH4 supplementation of RGP cells, and the DAHP treatment of metastatic melanoma cells reduced cell growth. Finally, Western blot analysis indicated that both treatments act on the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways of these melanoma cells in different ways. Disruption of cellular redox homeostasis by the altered BH4 concentration can be explored as a therapeutic strategy according to the stage of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Pereira Moura Soares
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo 01224-001, Brazil; (J.P.M.S.); (R.X.d.S.); (R.S.S.Y.)
| | - Diego Assis Gonçalves
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil;
- Micro-Imuno-Parasitology Department, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Xisto de Sousa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo 01224-001, Brazil; (J.P.M.S.); (R.X.d.S.); (R.S.S.Y.)
| | - Margareth Gori Mouro
- Nefrology Discipline, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (E.M.S.H.)
| | - Elisa M. S. Higa
- Nefrology Discipline, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (E.M.S.H.)
| | - Letícia Paulino Sperandio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.P.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Carolina Moraes Vitoriano
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05505-000, Brazil; (C.M.V.); (E.B.S.R.); (F.O.d.S.); (G.N.d.Q.)
| | - Elisa Bachir Santa Rosa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05505-000, Brazil; (C.M.V.); (E.B.S.R.); (F.O.d.S.); (G.N.d.Q.)
| | - Fernanda Oliveira dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05505-000, Brazil; (C.M.V.); (E.B.S.R.); (F.O.d.S.); (G.N.d.Q.)
| | - Gustavo Nery de Queiroz
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05505-000, Brazil; (C.M.V.); (E.B.S.R.); (F.O.d.S.); (G.N.d.Q.)
| | - Roberta Sessa Stilhano Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo 01224-001, Brazil; (J.P.M.S.); (R.X.d.S.); (R.S.S.Y.)
| | - Gustavo Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.P.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Marcelo Yudi Icimoto
- Biophysics Department, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil;
| | - Fabiana Henriques Machado de Melo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05505-000, Brazil; (C.M.V.); (E.B.S.R.); (F.O.d.S.); (G.N.d.Q.)
- Institute of Medical Assistance to Public Servants of the State (IAMSPE), São Paulo 04039-000, Brazil
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Raman S, Waskitho A, Raju R, Iwasa T, Ikutame D, Okura K, Oshima M, Matsuka Y. Analgesic Effect of Tranilast in an Animal Model of Neuropathic Pain and Its Role in the Regulation of Tetrahydrobiopterin Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5878. [PMID: 35682555 PMCID: PMC9180260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia is unilateral, lancinating, episodic pain that can be provoked by routine activities. Anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine, are the drugs of choice; however, these possess side-effects. Microvascular decompression is the most effective surgical technique with a higher success rate, although occasionally causes adverse effects. The potential treatment for this type of pain remains unmet. Increased tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) levels have been reported in association with axonal injury. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tranilast on relieving neuropathic pain in animal models and analyze the changes in BH4 synthesis. Neuropathic pain was induced via infraorbital nerve constriction. Tranilast, carbamazepine, or saline was injected intraperitoneally to assess the rat's post-intervention pain response. In the von Frey's test, the tranilast and carbamazepine groups showed significant changes in the head withdrawal threshold in the ipsilateral whisker pad area. The motor coordination test showed no changes in the tranilast group, whereas the carbamazepine group showed decreased performance, indicating impaired motor coordination. Trigeminal ganglion tissues were used for the PCR array analysis of genes that regulate the BH4 pathway. Downregulation of the sepiapterin reductase (Spr) and aldoketo reductase (Akr) genes after tranilast injection was observed compared to the pain model. These findings suggest that tranilast effectively treats neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnalakshmi Raman
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (S.R.); (A.W.); (T.I.); (D.I.); (K.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Arief Waskitho
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (S.R.); (A.W.); (T.I.); (D.I.); (K.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Resmi Raju
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Takuma Iwasa
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (S.R.); (A.W.); (T.I.); (D.I.); (K.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Daisuke Ikutame
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (S.R.); (A.W.); (T.I.); (D.I.); (K.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Kazuo Okura
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (S.R.); (A.W.); (T.I.); (D.I.); (K.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Masamitsu Oshima
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (S.R.); (A.W.); (T.I.); (D.I.); (K.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Yoshizo Matsuka
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (S.R.); (A.W.); (T.I.); (D.I.); (K.O.); (M.O.)
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Protective effects of trehalose preconditioning on cardiac and coronary endothelial function through eNOS signaling pathway in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2403-2414. [PMID: 35578066 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Coronary endothelial dysfunction is a major cause of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Trehalose, a natural disaccharide, has been reported to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction during aging by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS); however, its role in I/R injury is unknown. This study evaluated the effects of trehalose preconditioning on cardiac and coronary endothelial function after I/R. Langendorff-perfused rat hearts underwent 30 min of global ischemia followed by 80 min of reperfusion with or without trehalose preconditioning. Rate pressure product (RPP) and coronary flow (CF) were measured during reperfusion. Perivascular edema was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Myocardial oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining, respectively. eNOS dimerization was determined by western blotting. An eNOS inhibitor was used to examine the role of eNOS. Trehalose preconditioning showed a higher recovery rate after I/R as indicated by high RPP (control vs. trehalose, 28 ± 6% vs. 46 ± 9%; P = 0.017, Cohen's d = 2.3) and CF values (35 ± 10% vs. 55 ± 9%; P = 0.025, d = 1.7). Furthermore, trehalose preconditioning reduced perivascular edema, myocardial oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The eNOS dimerization ratio was increased by trehalose (1.2 ± 0.2 vs. 1.6 ± 0.2; P = 0.023, d = 2.1), which was associated with the recovery of RPP and CF. These effects of trehalose were abolished by the eNOS inhibitor. Trehalose preconditioning showed protective effects on cardiac and coronary endothelial function after I/R through the eNOS signaling pathway.
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Physical-Exercise-Induced Antioxidant Effects on the Brain and Skeletal Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050826. [PMID: 35624690 PMCID: PMC9138070 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythroid-related nuclear factor 2 (NRF2) and the antioxidant-responsive-elements (ARE) signaling pathway are the master regulators of cell antioxidant defenses, playing a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, a scenario in which proper mitochondrial function is essential. Increasing evidence indicates that the regular practice of physical exercise increases cellular antioxidant defenses by activating NRF2 signaling. This manuscript reviewed classic and ongoing research on the beneficial effects of exercise on the antioxidant system in both the brain and skeletal muscle.
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Villaume WA. Marginal BH4 Deficiencies, iNOS, and Self-perpetuating Oxidative Stress in Post-acute Sequelae of Covid-19. Med Hypotheses 2022; 163:110842. [PMID: 35431403 PMCID: PMC9006446 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of post-acute sequelae of Covid-19 (PASC) has been informed primarily by symptomatic parallels with other chronic inflammatory syndromes. This manuscript takes a more systemic approach by examining how a marginal deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) resulting from mutations of the GCH1 (GTP cyclohydrolase 1) gene may result in the uncoupling of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) early in the initial response of the innate immune system to SARS-CoV-2. The resulting production of superoxide instead of nitric oxide leads to a self-perpetuating cycle of oxidative stress with the potential to impair numerous metabolic processes and damage multiple organ systems. This marginal deficiency of BH4 may be exhibited by 30% or more of the patient population that have heterozygous or homozygous mutations of GCH1. As the cycle of oxidative stress continues, there is less BH4 available for other metabolic needs such as 1) resisting increased ferroptosis with its damage to organs, and 2) regulating the deactivation of the hyperinflammatory state. Finally, possible steps are proposed for clinical treatment of the hypothesized oxidative stress involved with PASC.
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Zhang H, Lai Y, Zhou H, Zou L, Xu Y, Yin Y. Prednisone Ameliorates Atrial Inflammation and Fibrosis in Atrial Tachypacing Dogs. Int Heart J 2022; 63:347-355. [PMID: 35296611 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.21-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Atrial inflammation and fibrosis have long been considered culprits in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Prior clinical studies showed that corticosteroid therapy is beneficial in patients with AF. Here we sought to determine whether prednisone treatment prevents atrial tachypacing (ATP) induced atrial fibrosis.Dogs were randomized into the sham, ATP, ATP + low-dose prednisone (ALP), and ATP + high-dose prednisone (AHP) groups. After 6 days of recovery from surgery, dogs were subjected to ATP at 400 beats per minute for 4 weeks while being treated with prednisone (15 or 40 mg/day) or a placebo. Pacemakers were not activated in the sham group.Compared with the ATP group, the expression of collagen I, collagen III, α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-β1 and connective tissue growth factor were significantly reduced in the ALP and AHP groups. Fluorescence assays showed that reactive oxygen species formation in the right atrium was suppressed in the ALP and AHP groups compared with the ATP group. The protein level of NADPH oxidase 2 was reduced in the ALP and AHP groups' versus ATP group, while NOX4 and NOX5 were unchanged. ATP-induced downregulation of BH4 and eNOS uncoupling in the atria was partially restored in the prednisone-treated groups.Our study demonstrated that atrial fibrosis induced by ATP were suppressed by prednisone. Low-dose prednisone was also effective in suppressing the development of atrial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Yinchuan Lai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Lili Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Yanping Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Yuehui Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
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Bisconti AV, Garten RS, Broxterman RM, Jarrett CL, Park SH, Shields KL, Clifton HL, Ratchford SM, Reese V, Zhao J, Wray DW, Richardson RS. No effect of acute tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4) supplementation on vascular dysfunction in the old. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:773-784. [PMID: 35112931 PMCID: PMC8917921 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00711.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a deficiency in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a cofactor for endothelial nitric oxide synthase, has been implicated in the age-related decline in vascular function, this study aimed to determine the impact of acute BH4 supplementation on flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in old adults. Two approaches were used: 1) A multiday, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design measuring, FMD [ΔFMD (mm), %FMD (%)] and shear rate area under the curve (SR AUC) in nine old subjects (73 ± 8 yr) with either placebo (placebo) or BH4 (≈10 mg/kg, post), and 2) a single experimental day measuring FMD in an additional 13 old subjects (74 ± 7 yr) prior to (pre) and 4.5 h after ingesting BH4 (≈10 mg/kg). With the first experimental approach, acute BH4 intake did not significantly alter FMD (ΔFMD: 0.17 ± 0.03 vs. 0.13 ± 0.02 mm; %FMD: 3.3 ± 0.61 vs. 2.9 ± 0.4%) or SR AUC (30,280 ± 4,428 vs. 37,877 ± 9,241 s-1) compared with placebo. Similarly, with the second approach, BH4 did not significantly alter FMD (ΔFMD: 0.09 ± 0.02 vs. 0.12 ± 0.03 mm; %FMD: 2.2 ± 0.6 vs. 2.9 ± 0.6%) or SR AUC (37,588 ± 6,753 vs. 28,996 ± 3,735 s-1) compared with pre. Moreover, when the two data sets were combined, resulting in a greater sample size, there was still no evidence of an effect of BH4 on vascular function in these old subjects. Importantly, both plasma BH4 and 7,8-dihydrobiopterin (BH2), the oxidized form of BH4, increased significantly with acute BH4 supplementation. Consequently, the ratio of BH4/BH2, recognized to impact vascular function, was unchanged. Thus, acute BH4 supplementation does not correct vascular dysfunction in the old.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Despite two different experimental approaches, acute BH4 supplementation did not affect vascular function in older adults, as measured by flow-mediated vasodilation. Plasma levels of both BH4 and BH2, the BH4 oxidized form, significantly increased after acute BH4 supplementation, resulting in an unchanged ratio of BH4/BH2, a key determining factor for endothelial nitric oxide synthase coupling. Therefore, likely due to the elevated oxidative stress with advancing age, acute BH4 supplementation does not correct vascular dysfunction in the old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela V Bisconti
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ryan M Broxterman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Catherine L Jarrett
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Soung Hun Park
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Katherine L Shields
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Heather L Clifton
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Stephen M Ratchford
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Van Reese
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - D Walter Wray
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Jayaram R, Jones M, Reilly S, Crabtree MJ, Pal N, Goodfellow N, Nahar K, Simon J, Carnicer R, DeSilva R, Ratnatunga C, Petrou M, Sayeed R, Roalfe A, Channon KM, Bashir Y, Betts T, Hill M, Casadei B. Atrial nitroso-redox balance and refractoriness following on-pump cardiac surgery: a randomized trial of atorvastatin. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:184-195. [PMID: 33098411 PMCID: PMC8752359 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Systemic inflammation and increased activity of atrial NOX2-containing NADPH oxidases have been associated with the new onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardiac surgery. In addition to lowering LDL-cholesterol, statins exert rapid anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, the clinical significance of which remains controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS We first assessed the impact of cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on atrial nitroso-redox balance by measuring NO synthase (NOS) and GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (GCH-1) activity, biopterin content, and superoxide production in paired samples of the right atrial appendage obtained before (PRE) and after CPB and reperfusion (POST) in 116 patients. The effect of perioperative treatment with atorvastatin (80 mg once daily) on these parameters, blood biomarkers, and the post-operative atrial effective refractory period (AERP) was then evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 80 patients undergoing cardiac surgery on CPB. CPB and reperfusion led to a significant increase in atrial superoxide production (74% CI 71-76%, n = 46 paired samples, P < 0.0001) and a reduction in atrial tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) (34% CI 33-35%, n = 36 paired samples, P < 0.01), and in GCH-1 (56% CI 55-58%, n = 26 paired samples, P < 0.001) and NOS activity (58% CI 52-67%, n = 20 paired samples, P < 0.001). Perioperative atorvastatin treatment prevented the effect of CPB and reperfusion on all parameters but had no significant effect on the postoperative right AERP, troponin release, or NT-proBNP after cardiac surgery. CONCLUSION Perioperative statin therapy prevents post-reperfusion atrial nitroso-redox imbalance in patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery but has no significant impact on postoperative atrial refractoriness, perioperative myocardial injury, or markers of postoperative LV function. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01780740.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Jayaram
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, L6, West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michael Jones
- Cardiology, Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Svetlana Reilly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, L6, West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, L6, West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nikhil Pal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, L6, West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nicola Goodfellow
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, L6, West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Keshav Nahar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, L6, West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jillian Simon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, L6, West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, L6, West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ravi DeSilva
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Chandana Ratnatunga
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Mario Petrou
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Rana Sayeed
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Roalfe
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Keith M Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, L6, West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yaver Bashir
- Cardiology, Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy Betts
- Cardiology, Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Hill
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Casadei
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, L6, West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Bouly M, Bourguignon MP, Roesch S, Rigouin P, Gosgnach W, Bossard E, Royere E, Diguet N, Sansilvestri-Morel P, Bonnin A, Xuereb L, Berson P, Komajda M, Bernhardt P, Tyl B. Aging increases circulating BH 2 without modifying BH 4 levels and impairs peripheral vascular function in healthy adults. Transl Res 2021; 238:36-48. [PMID: 34332154 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms of aging on vascular beds and its relationship with tetra and di-hydrobiopterin (BH4 and BH2) levels. This observational clinical study analyzed the impact of aging on plasma and platelet biopterins, cutaneous blood flow (CBF), and coronary flow reserve (CFR) in healthy adults. The study enrolled healthy adults in 3 age groups: 18-30, 50-59, and 60-70 years (n = 25/group). Biopterins were assessed by LC-MS/MS using newly defined pre-analytical conditions limiting BH4 oxidation and improving long-term stability. CBF was measured by Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging coupled with acetylcholine-iontophoresis and CFR by adenosine stress cardiac magnetic resonance. In healthy adults, aging (60-70 years vs 18-30 years) significantly increased platelet BH2 (+75%, P = 0.033) and BH2 + BH4 (+31%, P = 0.033), and to a lesser extent plasma BH2 (+29%, P = 0.009) without affecting BH4 and BH4/BH2. Simultaneously, CBF was decreased (-23%, P = 0.004) but not CFR, CBF being inversely correlated with platelet BH2 (r = -0.42, P = 0.001) and BH2 + BH4 (r = -0.41, P = 0.002). The proportion of adults with abnormal platelet BH2 increased with age (+28% in 60-70y). These abnormal BH2 levels were significantly associated with reduced CBF and CFR (-16%, P = 0.03 and -26%, P = 0.02). In conclusion, our study showed that age-related peripheral endothelial dysfunction was associated with an increase in circulating BH2 without decreasing BH4, the effect being more marked in platelets, the most relevant blood compartment to assess biopterin bioavailability. Peripheral but not coronary vascular function is progressively impaired with aging in healthy adults. All these findings support biopterins as therapeutic targets to improve vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Bouly
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Bourguignon
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Susanne Roesch
- Centre of Excellence Clinical Operations, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Pascal Rigouin
- Biostatistics Department, Keyrus Life Science, Nantes, France
| | - Willy Gosgnach
- Centre of Excellence Biotechnology, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy, France
| | | | - Emilie Royere
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Nicolas Diguet
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Patricia Sansilvestri-Morel
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Ariane Bonnin
- Drug Safety & Pharmacokinetics Centre of Excellence, Biologie Servier, Gidy, France
| | - Laura Xuereb
- Centre of Excellence Methodology and Valorisation of Data, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Pascal Berson
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Michel Komajda
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Saint Joseph, France/Paris Sorbonne Université France, Paris, France
| | | | - Benoit Tyl
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
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