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Teng Z, Chen C, He Y, Pan S, Liu D, Zhu L, Liang K, Li Y, Huang L. Melatonin confers thermotolerance and antioxidant capacity in Chinese cabbage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108736. [PMID: 38797006 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Due to the damaging effect of high temperatures on plant development, global warming is predicted to increase agricultural risks. Chinese cabbage holds considerable importance as a leafy vegetable that is extensively consumed and cultivated worldwide. Its year-round production also encounters severe challenges in the face of high temperatures. In this study, melatonin (MT), a pivotal multifunctional signaling molecule that coordinates responses to diverse environmental stressors was used to mitigate the harmful effects of high temperatures on Chinese cabbage. Through the utilization of growth indices, cytological morphology, physiological and biochemical responses, and RNA-Seq analysis, alongside an examination of the influence of crucial enzymes in the endogenous MT synthesis pathway on the thermotolerance of Chinese cabbage, we revealed that MT pretreatment enhanced photosynthetic activity, maintained signaling pathways associated with endoplasmic reticulum protein processing, and preserved circadian rhythm in Chinese cabbage under high temperatures. Furthermore, pretreatment with MT resulted in increased levels of soluble sugar, vitamin C, proteins, and antioxidant enzyme activity, along with decreased levels of malondialdehyde, nitrate, flavonoids, and bitter glucosinolates, ultimately enhancing the capacity of the organism to mitigate oxidative stress. The knockdown of the tryptophan decarboxylase gene, which encodes a key enzyme responsible for MT biosynthesis, resulted in a significant decline in the ability of transgenic Chinese cabbage to alleviate oxidative damage under high temperatures, further indicating an important role of MT in establishing the thermotolerance. Taken together, these results provide a mechanism for MT to improve the antioxidant capacity of Chinese cabbage under high temperatures and suggest beneficial implications for the management of other plants subjected to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Teng
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Caizhi Chen
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Yuanrong He
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Shihui Pan
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Luyu Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kexin Liang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572024, China.
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2
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Belykh E, Yadrikhinskiy K, Golubev M, Belykh N, Velegzhaninov I, Garmash E. Localization data of the T-DNA insertion site in Arabidopsis line SALK_146824C. Data Brief 2024; 54:110309. [PMID: 38559820 PMCID: PMC10981032 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work reports on the determination of localization of T-DNA insertion in Arabidopsis thaliana SALK_146824C line. The line is characterized as deficient in GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase 1 (VTC2) gene encodes a protein involved in ascorbate biosynthesis. Primer pairs allow to distinguishing SALK_146824C from wild type plants and to the exact localization of the insertion were designed used. Sanger sequencing confirmed the location of the T-DNA insertion in the sixth exon of the gene. RT-PCR data shows nearly undetectable levels of VTC2 mRNA expression level in SALK_146824C line as compared with wild type plants of Columbia-0 line. Localization of the primer pair upstream and downstream the T-DNA insertion did not affect the expression values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Belykh
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Division RAS, Kommunisticheskaya 28, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Kirill Yadrikhinskiy
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Oktyabrsky prosp., 55, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Maksim Golubev
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Oktyabrsky prosp., 55, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Nikolay Belykh
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Oktyabrsky prosp., 55, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Ilya Velegzhaninov
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Division RAS, Kommunisticheskaya 28, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Elena Garmash
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Division RAS, Kommunisticheskaya 28, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
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Naik B, Kumar V, Rizwanuddin S, Mishra S, Kumar V, Saris PEJ, Khanduri N, Kumar A, Pandey P, Gupta AK, Khan JM, Rustagi S. Biofortification as a solution for addressing nutrient deficiencies and malnutrition. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30595. [PMID: 38726166 PMCID: PMC11079288 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition, defined as both undernutrition and overnutrition, is a major global health concern affecting millions of people. One possible way to address nutrient deficiency and combat malnutrition is through biofortification. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to explore the current state of biofortification research, including techniques, applications, effectiveness and challenges. Biofortification is a promising strategy for enhancing the nutritional condition of at-risk populations. Biofortified varieties of basic crops, including rice, wheat, maize and beans, with elevated amounts of vital micronutrients, such as iron, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin C, have been successfully developed using conventional and advanced technologies. Additionally, the ability to specifically modify crop genomes to improve their nutritional profiles has been made possible by recent developments in genetic engineering, such as CRISPR-Cas9 technology. The health conditions of people have been shown to improve and nutrient deficiencies were reduced when biofortified crops were grown. Particularly in environments with limited resources, biofortification showed considerable promise as a long-term and economical solution to nutrient shortages and malnutrition. To fully exploit the potential of biofortified crops to enhance public health and global nutrition, issues such as consumer acceptance, regulatory permitting and production and distribution scaling up need to be resolved. Collaboration among governments, researchers, non-governmental organizations and the private sector is essential to overcome these challenges and promote the widespread adoption of biofortification as a key part of global food security and nutrition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Naik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be) University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Rama Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sheikh Rizwanuddin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be) University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sadhna Mishra
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Rama Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Per Erik Joakim Saris
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00100, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Naresh Khanduri
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Rama Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Rama Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Soil and Environment Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchur, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Arun Kumar Gupta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be) University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- Department of Food Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
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Foyer CH, Kunert K. The ascorbate-glutathione cycle coming of age. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2682-2699. [PMID: 38243395 PMCID: PMC11066808 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Concepts regarding the operation of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and the associated water/water cycle in the processing of metabolically generated hydrogen peroxide and other forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well established in the literature. However, our knowledge of the functions of these cycles and their component enzymes continues to grow and evolve. Recent insights include participation in the intrinsic environmental and developmental signalling pathways that regulate plant growth, development, and defence. In addition to ROS processing, the enzymes of the two cycles not only support the functions of ascorbate and glutathione, they also have 'moonlighting' functions. They are subject to post-translational modifications and have an extensive interactome, particularly with other signalling proteins. In this assessment of current knowledge, we highlight the central position of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the network of cellular redox systems that underpin the energy-sensitive communication within the different cellular compartments and integrate plant signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Karl Kunert
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 2001, South Africa
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Mellidou I, Kanellis AK. Revisiting the role of ascorbate oxidase in plant systems. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2740-2753. [PMID: 38366668 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) plays an indispensable role in plants, serving as both an antioxidant and a master regulator of the cellular redox balance. Ascorbate oxidase (AO) is a blue copper oxidase that is responsible for the oxidation of AsA with the concomitant production of water. For many decades, AO was erroneously postulated as an enzyme without any obvious advantage, as it decreases the AsA pool size and thus is expected to weaken plant stress resistance. It was only a decade ago that this perspective shifted towards the fundamental role of AO in orchestrating both AsA and oxygen levels by influencing the overall redox balance in the extracellular matrix. Consistent with its localization in the apoplast, AO is involved in cell expansion, division, resource allocation, and overall plant yield. An increasing number of transgenic studies has demonstrated that AO can also facilitate communication between the surrounding environment and the cell, as its gene expression is highly responsive to factors such as hormonal signaling, oxidative stress, and mechanical injury. This review aims to describe the multiple functions of AO in plant growth, development, and stress resilience, and explore any additional roles the enzyme might have in fruits during the course of ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Mellidou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ELGO-DIMITRA, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angelos K Kanellis
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Maruta T, Tanaka Y, Yamamoto K, Ishida T, Hamada A, Ishikawa T. Evolutionary insights into strategy shifts for the safe and effective accumulation of ascorbate in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2664-2681. [PMID: 38452239 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Plants accumulate high concentrations of ascorbate, commonly in their leaves, as a redox buffer. While ascorbate levels have increased during plant evolution, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are unclear. Moreover, has the increase in ascorbate concentration been achieved without imposing any detrimental effects on the plants? In this review, we focus on potential transitions in two regulatory mechanisms related to ascorbate biosynthesis and the availability of cellular dehydroascorbate (DHA) during plant evolution. The first transition might be that the trigger for the transcriptional induction of VTC2, which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in ascorbate biosynthesis, has shifted from oxidative stress (in green algae) to light/photosynthesis (in land plants), probably enabling the continuous accumulation of ascorbate under illumination. This could serve as a preventive system against the unpredictable occurrence of oxidative stress. The second transition might be that DHA-degrading enzymes, which protect cells from the highly reactive DHA in green algae and mosses, have been lost in ferns or flowering plants. Instead, flowering plants may have increased glutathione concentrations to reinforce the DHA reduction capacity, possibly allowing ascorbate accumulation and avoiding the toxicity of DHA. These potential transitions may have contributed to strategies for plants' safe and effective accumulation of ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Maruta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanaka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Kojiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishida
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Akane Hamada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
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Quiñones CO, Gesto-Borroto R, Wilson RV, Hernández-Madrigal SV, Lorence A. Alternative pathways leading to ascorbate biosynthesis in plants: lessons from the last 25 years. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2644-2663. [PMID: 38488689 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
l-Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an antioxidant with important roles in plant stress physiology, growth, and development. AsA also plays an essential role in human health, preventing scurvy. Humans do not synthesize AsA, which needs to be supplied via a diet rich in fresh produce. Research efforts have provided progress in the elucidation of a complex metabolic network with at least four routes leading to AsA formation in plants. In this review, three alternative pathways, namely the d-galacturonate, the l-gulose, and the myo-inositol pathways, are presented with the supporting evidence of their operation in multiple plant species. We critically discuss feeding studies using precursors and their conversion to AsA in plant organs, and research where the expression of key genes encoding enzymes involved in the alternative pathways showed >100% AsA content increase in the transgenics and in many cases accompanied by enhanced tolerance to multiple stresses. We propose that the alternative pathways are vital in AsA production in response to stressful conditions and to compensate in cases where the flux through the d-mannose/l-galactose pathway is reduced. The genes and enzymes that have been characterized so far in these alternative pathways represent important tools that are being used to develop more climate-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherryl O Quiñones
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Reinier Gesto-Borroto
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Rachael V Wilson
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Sara V Hernández-Madrigal
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Argelia Lorence
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Arkansas State University, PO Box 419, State University, AR 72467, USA
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Liao Z, Liu L, Rennenberg H, Du B. Water deprivation modifies the metabolic profile of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) leaves. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14365. [PMID: 38802725 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Lavender plantation is globally expanded due to the increasing demand of its essential oil and its popularity as an ornamental species. However, lavender plantations, and consequently essential oil industries, are threatened by more frequent and severe drought episodes in a globally changing climate. Still little is known about the changes in the general metabolome, which provides the precursors of essential oil production, by extended drought events. Prolonged drought fundamentally results in yield losses and changing essential oil composition. In the present study, the general metabolome of a main cultivated lavender species (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) in response to water deprivation (WD) and re-watering was analyzed to identify the metabolomics responses. We found prolonged WD resulted in significant accumulations of glucose, 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucose, sucrose, melezitose and raffinose, but declines of allulose, β-D-allose, altrose, fructose and D-cellobiose accompanied by decreased organic acids abundances. Amino acids and aromatic compounds of p-coumaric acid, hydrocaffeic acid and caffeic acid significantly accumulated at prolonged WD, whereas aromatics of cis-ferulic acid, taxifolin and two fatty acids (i.e., palmitic acid and stearic acid) significantly decreased. Prolonged WD also resulted in decreased abundances of polyols, particularly myo-inositol, galactinol and arabitol. The altered metabolite profiles by prolonged WD were mostly not recovered after re-watering, except for branched-chain amino acids, proline, serine and threonine. Our study illustrates the complex changes of leaf primary and secondary metabolic processes of L. angustifolia by drought events and highlights the potential impact of these precursors of essential oil production on the lavender industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiao Liao
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
- Ecological Security and Protection Key laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baoguo Du
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
- Ecological Security and Protection Key laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Sami A, Han S, Haider MZ, Khizar R, Ali Q, Shafiq M, Tabassum J, Khalid MN, Javed MA, Sajid M, Manzoor MA, Sabir IA. Genetics aspect of vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) biosynthesis and signaling pathways in fruits and vegetables crops. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:73. [PMID: 38598147 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient that plays a critical role in many physiological processes in plants and animals. In humans, vitamin C is an antioxidant, reducing agent, and cofactor in diverse chemical processes. The established role of vitamin C as an antioxidant in plants is well recognized. It neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause damage to cells. Also, it plays an important role in recycling other antioxidants, such as vitamin E, which helps maintain the overall balance of the plant's antioxidant system. However, unlike plants, humans cannot synthesize ascorbic acid or vitamin C in their bodies due to the absence of an enzyme called gulonolactone oxidase. This is why humans need to obtain vitamin C through their diet. Different fruits and vegetables contain varying levels of vitamin C. The biosynthesis of vitamin C in plants occurs primarily in the chloroplasts and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The biosynthesis of vitamin C is a complex process regulated by various factors such as light, temperature, and plant hormones. Recent research has identified several key genes that regulate vitamin C biosynthesis, including the GLDH and GLDH genes. The expression of these genes is known to be regulated by various factors such as light, temperature, and plant hormones. Recent studies highlight vitamin C's crucial role in regulating plant stress response pathways, encompassing drought, high salinity, and oxidative stress. The key enzymes in vitamin C biosynthesis are L-galactose dehydrogenase (GLDH) and L-galactono-1, 4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH). Genetic studies reveal key genes like GLDH and GLDH in Vitamin C biosynthesis, offering potential for crop improvement. Genetic variations influence nutritional content through their impact on vitamin C levels. Investigating the roles of genes in stress responses provides insights for developing resilient techniques in crop growth. Some fruits and vegetables, such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits, along with strawberries and kiwi, are rich in vitamin C. Guava. Papaya provides a boost of vitamin C and dietary fiber. At the same time, red and yellow bell peppers, broccoli, pineapple, mangoes, and kale are additional sources of this essential nutrient, promoting overall health. In this review, we will discuss a brief history of Vitamin C and its signaling and biosynthesis pathway and summarize the regulation of its content in various fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Sami
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Punjab, Lahore, P.O BOX 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shiming Han
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, 553004, China.
| | - Muhammad Zeshan Haider
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Punjab, Lahore, P.O BOX 54590, Pakistan
| | - Rameen Khizar
- Department of Food Sciences, University Of Punjab, Lahore, P.O BOX 54590, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Punjab, Lahore, P.O BOX 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Horticulture, University Of Punjab, Lahore, P.O BOX 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Javaria Tabassum
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Punjab, Lahore, P.O BOX 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nouman Khalid
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad Javed
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Punjab, Lahore, P.O BOX 54590, Pakistan
| | - Mateen Sajid
- Department of Horticulture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Manzoor
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Irfan Ali Sabir
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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10
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Du B, Haensch R, Alfarraj S, Rennenberg H. Strategies of plants to overcome abiotic and biotic stresses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38561998 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In their environment, plants are exposed to a multitude of abiotic and biotic stresses that differ in intensity, duration and severity. As sessile organisms, they cannot escape these stresses, but instead have developed strategies to overcome them or to compensate for the consequences of stress exposure. Defence can take place at different levels and the mechanisms involved are thought to differ in efficiency across these levels. To minimise metabolic constraints and to reduce the costs of stress defence, plants prioritise first-line defence strategies in the apoplastic space, involving ascorbate, defensins and small peptides, as well as secondary metabolites, before cellular processes are affected. In addition, a large number of different symplastic mechanisms also provide efficient stress defence, including chemical antioxidants, antioxidative enzymes, secondary metabolites, defensins and other peptides as well as proteins. At both the symplastic and the apoplastic level of stress defence and compensation, a number of specialised transporters are thought to be involved in exchange across membranes that still have not been identified, and information on the regeneration of different defence compounds remains ambiguous. In addition, strategies to overcome and compensate for stress exposure operate not only at the cellular, but also at the organ and whole-plant levels, including stomatal regulation, and hypersensitive and systemic responses to prevent or reduce the spread of stress impacts within the plant. Defence can also take place at the ecosystem level by root exudation of signalling molecules and the emission of volatile organic compounds, either directly or indirectly into the rhizosphere and/or the aboveground atmosphere. The mechanisms by which plants control the production of these compounds and that mediate perception of stressful conditions are still not fully understood. Here we summarise plant defence strategies from the cellular to ecosystem level, discuss their advantages and disadvantages for plant growth and development, elucidate the current state of research on the transport and regeneration capacity of defence metabolites, and outline insufficiently explored questions for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Du
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Ecological Security and Protection Key laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianxing Road West 166, Mianyang, 621000, PR China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, Freiburg, D-79110, Germany
| | - Robert Haensch
- Institute of Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstr. 1, Braunschweig, D-38106, Germany
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, Freiburg, D-79110, Germany
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
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11
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Wu P, Li B, Liu Y, Bian Z, Xiong J, Wang Y, Zhu B. Multiple Physiological and Biochemical Functions of Ascorbic Acid in Plant Growth, Development, and Abiotic Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1832. [PMID: 38339111 PMCID: PMC10855474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an important nutrient for human health and disease cures, and it is also a crucial indicator for the quality of fruit and vegetables. As a reductant, AsA plays a pivotal role in maintaining the intracellular redox balance throughout all the stages of plant growth and development, fruit ripening, and abiotic stress responses. In recent years, the de novo synthesis and regulation at the transcriptional level and post-transcriptional level of AsA in plants have been studied relatively thoroughly. However, a comprehensive and systematic summary about AsA-involved biochemical pathways, as well as AsA's physiological functions in plants, is still lacking. In this review, we summarize and discuss the multiple physiological and biochemical functions of AsA in plants, including its involvement as a cofactor, substrate, antioxidant, and pro-oxidant. This review will help to facilitate a better understanding of the multiple functions of AsA in plant cells, as well as provide information on how to utilize AsA more efficiently by using modern molecular biology methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Wu
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.B.); (J.X.)
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.B.); (J.X.)
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.B.); (J.X.)
| | - Zheng Bian
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.B.); (J.X.)
| | - Jiaxin Xiong
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.B.); (J.X.)
| | - Yunxiang Wang
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.B.); (J.X.)
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12
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Mishra S, Sharma A, Srivastava AK. Ascorbic acid: a metabolite switch for designing stress-smart crops. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38163756 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2286428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth and productivity are continually being challenged by a diverse array of abiotic stresses, including: water scarcity, extreme temperatures, heavy metal exposure, and soil salinity. A common theme in these stresses is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which disrupts cellular redox homeostasis causing oxidative damage. Ascorbic acid (AsA), commonly known as vitamin C, is an essential nutrient for humans, and also plays a crucial role in the plant kingdom. AsA is synthesized by plants through the d-mannose/l-galactose pathway that functions as a powerful antioxidant and protects plant cells from ROS generated during photosynthesis. AsA controls several key physiological processes, including: photosynthesis, respiration, and carbohydrate metabolism, either by acting as a co-factor for metabolic enzymes or by regulating cellular redox-status. AsA's multi-functionality uniquely positions it to integrate and recalibrate redox-responsive transcriptional/metabolic circuits and essential biological processes, in accordance to developmental and environmental cues. In recognition of this, we present a systematic overview of current evidence highlighting AsA as a central metabolite-switch in plants. Further, a comprehensive overview of genetic manipulation of genes involved in AsA metabolism has been provided along with the bottlenecks and future research directions, that could serve as a framework for designing "stress-smart" crops in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Mishra
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ankush Sharma
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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13
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Hamada T, Maruta T. Measurements of Ascorbate and Dehydroascorbate in Plants Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2798:131-139. [PMID: 38587739 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3826-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The current concepts emphasize the fundamental role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as signaling molecules that coordinate defense mechanisms, cell death, and the growth and development processes in plants. However, due to the inherent reactivity of ROS, achieving precise control over their levels within plant cells, both spatially and temporally, becomes important to effectively harness the potential of ROS signaling while concurrently minimizing the risk of oxidative damage. Ascorbate is an exceptional antioxidant and contributes to the antioxidant defense system in plants. Its role is further reinforced by the presence of ascorbate peroxidases and enzymes responsible for recycling ascorbate from its oxidized forms. Ascorbate metabolism plays a pivotal role in averting oxidative damage and facilitates meticulous regulation of ROS signal availability. This chapter outlines the preferred protocol for the measurement of ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamami Hamada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Takanori Maruta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan.
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan.
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14
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Bellows AC, Raj S, Pitstick E, Potteiger MR, Diemont SAW. Foraging Wild Edibles: Dietary Diversity in Expanded Food Systems. Nutrients 2023; 15:4630. [PMID: 37960283 PMCID: PMC10647252 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human food foraging in community forests offers extensive and expandable sources of food and high-quality nutrition that support chronic disease prevention and management and are underrepresented in US diets. Despite severe gaps in non-commercial "wild food" data, research in Syracuse, NY, identified substantial amounts of five key antioxidant phytochemicals in locally available, forageable foods with the potential to augment local dietary diversity and quality. Findings endorse the need for micro- and macro-nutrient research on an expanded range of forageable foods, community nutrition education on those foods, an expanded study on antioxidant phytochemical function, and the inclusion of forageables in the food system definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C. Bellows
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Falk College, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (S.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Sudha Raj
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Falk College, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (S.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Ellen Pitstick
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Falk College, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (S.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Matthew R. Potteiger
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
| | - Stewart A. W. Diemont
- Department of Environmental Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
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15
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Sanclemente MA. Got vitamin C? A metabolic GWAS analysis identified a PAS/LOV PROTEIN regulating ascorbate accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1721-1723. [PMID: 37619979 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
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16
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Liao G, Xu Q, Allan AC, Xu X. L-Ascorbic acid metabolism and regulation in fruit crops. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1684-1695. [PMID: 37073491 PMCID: PMC10315321 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
L-Ascorbic acid (AsA) is more commonly known as vitamin C and is an indispensable compound for human health. As a major antioxidant, AsA not only maintains redox balance and resists biological and abiotic stress but also regulates plant growth, induces flowering, and delays senescence through complex signal transduction networks. However, AsA content varies greatly in horticultural crops, especially in fruit crops. The AsA content of the highest species is approximately 1,800 times higher than that of the lowest species. There have been significant advancements in the understanding of AsA accumulation in the past 20 years. The most noteworthy accomplishment was the identification of the critical rate-limiting genes for the 2 major AsA synthesis pathways (L-galactose pathway and D-galacturonic acid pathway) in fruit crops. The rate-limiting genes of the former are GMP, GME, GGP, and GPP, and the rate-limiting gene of the latter is GalUR. Moreover, APX, MDHAR, and DHAR are also regarded as key genes in degradation and regeneration pathways. Interestingly, some of these key genes are sensitive to environmental factors, such as GGP being induced by light. The efficiency of enhancing AsA content is high by editing upstream open reading frames (uORF) of the key genes and constructing multi-gene expression vectors. In summary, the AsA metabolism has been well understood in fruit crops, but the transport mechanism of AsA and the synergistic improvement of AsA and other traits is less known, which will be the focus of AsA research in fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglian Liao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
- Kiwifruit Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, PR China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xiaobiao Xu
- Kiwifruit Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, PR China
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17
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Gradogna A, Lagostena L, Beltrami S, Tosato E, Picco C, Scholz-Starke J, Sparla F, Trost P, Carpaneto A. Tonoplast cytochrome b561 is a transmembrane ascorbate-dependent monodehydroascorbate reductase: functional characterization of electron currents in plant vacuoles. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1957-1971. [PMID: 36806214 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate (Asc) is a major redox buffer of plant cells, whose antioxidant activity depends on the ratio with its one-electron oxidation product monodehydroascorbate (MDHA). The cytoplasm contains millimolar concentrations of Asc and soluble enzymes that can regenerate Asc from MDHA or fully oxidized dehydroascorbate. Also, vacuoles contain Asc, but no soluble Asc-regenerating enzymes. Here, we show that vacuoles isolated from Arabidopsis mesophyll cells contain a tonoplast electron transport system that works as a reversible, Asc-dependent transmembrane MDHA oxidoreductase. Electron currents were measured by patch-clamp on isolated vacuoles and found to depend on the availability of Asc (electron donor) and ferricyanide or MDHA (electron acceptors) on opposite sides of the tonoplast. Electron currents were catalyzed by cytochrome b561 isoform A (CYB561A), a tonoplast redox protein with cytoplasmic and luminal Asc binding sites. The Km for Asc of the luminal (4.5 mM) and cytoplasmic site (51 mM) reflected the physiological Asc concentrations in these compartments. The maximal current amplitude was similar in both directions. Mutant plants with impaired CYB561A expression showed no detectable trans-tonoplast electron currents and strong accumulation of leaf anthocyanins under excessive illumination, suggesting a redox-modulation exerted by CYB561A on the typical anthocyanin response to high-light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Lagostena
- Institute of Biophysics - CNR, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Sara Beltrami
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Tosato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiana Picco
- Institute of Biophysics - CNR, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Sparla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trost
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Armando Carpaneto
- Institute of Biophysics - CNR, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132, Genova, Italy
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18
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da Fonseca-Pereira P, Monteiro-Batista RDC, Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A. Harnessing enzyme cofactors and plant metabolism: an essential partnership. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1014-1036. [PMID: 36861364 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cofactors are fundamental to the catalytic activity of enzymes. Additionally, because plants are a critical source of several cofactors (i.e., including their vitamin precursors) within the context of human nutrition, there have been several studies aiming to understand the metabolism of coenzymes and vitamins in plants in detail. For example, compelling evidence has been brought forth regarding the role of cofactors in plants; specifically, it is becoming increasingly clear that an adequate supply of cofactors in plants directly affects their development, metabolism, and stress responses. Here, we review the state-of-the-art knowledge on the significance of coenzymes and their precursors with regard to general plant physiology and discuss the emerging functions attributed to them. Furthermore, we discuss how our understanding of the complex relationship between cofactors and plant metabolism can be used for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula da Fonseca-Pereira
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Monteiro-Batista
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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19
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Chen X, Han H, Cong Y, Li X, Zhang W, Wan W, Cui J, Xu W, Diao M, Liu H. The Protective Effect of Exogenous Ascorbic Acid on Photosystem Inhibition of Tomato Seedlings Induced by Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1379. [PMID: 36987066 PMCID: PMC10052531 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of exogenous ascorbic acid (AsA, 0.5 mmol·L-1) treatment on salt-induced photosystem inhibition in tomato seedlings under salt stress (NaCl, 100 mmol·L-1) conditions with and without the AsA inhibitor lycorine. Salt stress reduced the activities of photosystem II (PSII) and PSI. AsA treatment mitigated inhibition of the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), maximal P700 changes (Pm), the effective quantum yields of PSII and I [Y(II) and Y(I)], and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) values under salt stress conditions both with and without lycorine. Moreover, AsA restored the balance of excitation energy between two photosystems (β/α-1) after disruption by salt stress, with or without lycorine. Treatment of the leaves of salt-stressed plants with AsA with or without lycorine increased the proportion of electron flux for photosynthetic carbon reduction [Je(PCR)] while decreasing the O2-dependent alternative electron flux [Ja(O2-dependent)]. AsA with or without lycorine further resulted in increases in the quantum yield of cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI [Y(CEF)] while increasing the expression of antioxidant and AsA-GSH cycle-related genes and elevating the ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Similarly, AsA treatment significantly decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species [superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] in these plants. Together, these data indicate that AsA can alleviate salt-stress-induced inhibition of PSII and PSI in tomato seedlings by restoring the excitation energy balance between the photosystems, regulating the dissipation of excess light energy by CEF and NPQ, increasing photosynthetic electron flux, and enhancing the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, thereby enabling plants to better tolerate salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Hongwei Han
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Yundan Cong
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Xuezhen Li
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Wenliang Wan
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Jinxia Cui
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Ming Diao
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Shihezi 832003, China
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20
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Yang DY, Zhuang KY, Ma NN. Overexpression of SlGGP-LIKE gene enhanced the resistance of tomato to salt stress. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:625-635. [PMID: 35947214 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) plays an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reducing photoinhibition in plants, especially under stress. The function of SlGGP which encodes the key enzyme GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase in AsA synthetic pathway is relatively clear. However, there is another gene SlGGP-LIKE that encodes this enzyme in tomato, and there are few studies on it, especially under salt stress. In this study, we explored the function of this gene in tomato salt stress response using transgenic lines overexpressing SlGGP-LIKE (OE). Under normal conditions, overexpressing SlGGP-LIKE can increase the content of reduced AsA and the ratio of AsA/ DHA (dehydroascorbic acid), as well as the level of xanthophyll cycle. Under salt stress, compared with the wild-type plants (WT), the OE lines can maintain higher levels of reduced AsA. In addition, OE lines also have higher levels of reduced GSH (glutathione) and total GSH, higher ratios of AsA/DHA and GSH/oxidative GSH (GSSR), and higher level of xanthophyll cycle. Therefore, the OE lines are more tolerant to salt stress, with higher photosynthetic activity, higher antioxidative enzyme activities, higher content of D1 protein, lower production rate of ROS, and lighter membrane damage. These results indicate that overexpressing SlGGP-LIKE can enhance tomato resistance to salt stress through promoting the synthesis of AsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yue Yang
- Shandong Academy of Grape/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Viticulture and Grape Intensive Processing, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Kun-Yang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Na-Na Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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21
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Kreslavski VD, Khudyakova AY, Kosobryukhov AA, Balakhnina TI, Shirshikova GN, Alharby HF, Allakhverdiev SI. The Effect of Short-Term Heating on Photosynthetic Activity, Pigment Content, and Pro-/Antioxidant Balance of A. thaliana Phytochrome Mutants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:867. [PMID: 36840216 PMCID: PMC9963521 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of heating (40 °C, 1 and 2 h) in dark and light conditions on the photosynthetic activity (photosynthesis rate and photosystem II activity), content of photosynthetic pigments, activity of antioxidant enzymes, content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), and expression of a number of key genes of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic proteins were studied. It was shown that, in darkness, heating reduced CO2 gas exchange, photosystem II activity, and the content of photosynthetic pigments to a greater extent in the phyB mutant than in the wild type (WT). The content of TBARs increased only in the phyB mutant, which is apparently associated with a sharp increase in the total peroxidase activity in WT and its decrease in the phyB mutant, which is consistent with a noticeable decrease in photosynthetic activity and the content of photosynthetic pigments in the mutant. No differences were indicated in all heated samples under light. It is assumed that the resistance of the photosynthetic apparatus to a short-term elevated temperature depends on the content of PHYB active form and is probably determined by the effect of phytochrome on the content of low-molecular weight antioxidants and the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir D. Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexandra Y. Khudyakova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anatoly A. Kosobryukhov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Tamara I. Balakhnina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Galina N. Shirshikova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul 34353, Turkey
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22
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Zhu M, Liu Q, Liu F, Zheng L, Bing J, Zhou Y, Gao F. Gene Profiling of the Ascorbate Oxidase Family Genes under Osmotic and Cold Stress Reveals the Role of AnAO5 in Cold Adaptation in Ammopiptanthus nanus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030677. [PMID: 36771760 PMCID: PMC9920380 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau has led to a drastic change in the climate in Central Asia, from warm and rainy, to dry and less rainfall. Ammopiptanthus nanus, a rare evergreen broad-leaved shrub distributed in the temperate desert region of Central Asia, has survived the drastic climate change in Central Asia caused by the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Ascorbate oxidase (AO) regulates the redox status of the apoplast by catalyzing the oxidation of ascorbate acid to dehydroascorbic acid, and plays a key role in the adaptation of plants to environmental changes. Analyzing the evolution, environmental response, and biological functions of the AO family of A. nanus is helpful for understanding how plant genome evolution responds to climate change in Central Asia. A total of 16 AOs were identified in A. nanus, all of which contained the ascorbate oxidase domain, most of which contained transmembrane domain, and many were predicted to be localized in the apoplast. Segmental duplication and tandem duplication are the main factors driving the gene amplification of the AO gene family in A. nanus. Gene expression analysis based on transcriptome data and fluorescence quantitative PCR, as well as enzyme activity measurements, showed that the expression levels of AO genes and total enzyme activity decreased under short-term osmotic stress and low-temperature stress, but the expression of some AO genes (AnAO5, AnAO13, and AnAO16) and total enzyme activity increased under 7 days of cold stress. AnAO5 and AnAO11 are targeted by miR4415. Further functional studies on AnAO5 showed that AnAO5 protein was localized in the apoplast. The expression of AnAO5 in yeast cells and the transient expression in tobacco enhanced the tolerance of yeast and tobacco to low-temperature stress, and the overexpression of AnAO5 enhanced the tolerance of Arabidopsis seedlings to cold stress. Our research provides important data for understanding the role of AOs in plant adaptation to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fuyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lamei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Bing
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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23
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Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Anayatullah S, Irfan E, Hussain SM, Rizwan M, Sohail MI, Jafir M, Ahmad T, Usman M, Alharby HF. Nanoparticles assisted regulation of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme system in plants under salt stress: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137649. [PMID: 36587917 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The global biomass production from agricultural farmlands is facing severe constraints from abiotic stresses like soil salinization. Salinity-mediated stress triggered the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may result in oxidative burst in cell organelles and cause cell death in plants. ROS production is regulated by the redox homeostasis that helps in the readjustment of the cellular redox and energy state in plants. All these cellular redox related functions may play a decisive role in adaptation and acclimation to salinity stress in plants. The use of nanotechnology like nanoparticles (NPs) in plant physiology has become the new area of interest as they have potential to trigger the various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capabilities of plants under varying salinity levels. Moreover, NPs application under salinity is also being favored due to their unique characteristics compared to traditional phytohormones, amino acids, nutrients, and organic osmolytes. Therefore, this article emphasized the core response of plants to acclimate the challenges of salt stress through auxiliary functions of ROS, antioxidant defense system and redox homeostasis. Furthermore, the role of different types of NPs mediated changes in biochemical, proteomic, and genetic expressions of plants under salt stress have been discussed. This article also discussed the potential limitations of NPs adoption in crop production especially under environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Sidra Anayatullah
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Effa Irfan
- Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Irfan Sohail
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, 56300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jafir
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Plant Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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24
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The Functions of Chloroplastic Ascorbate in Vascular Plants and Algae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032537. [PMID: 36768860 PMCID: PMC9916717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate (Asc) is a multifunctional metabolite essential for various cellular processes in plants and animals. The best-known property of Asc is to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), in a highly regulated manner. Besides being an effective antioxidant, Asc also acts as a chaperone for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that are involved in the hormone metabolism of plants and the synthesis of various secondary metabolites. Asc also essential for the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, signaling and iron transport. Thus, Asc affects plant growth, development, and stress resistance via various mechanisms. In this review, the intricate relationship between Asc and photosynthesis in plants and algae is summarized in the following major points: (i) regulation of Asc biosynthesis by light, (ii) interaction between photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transport in relation to Asc biosynthesis, (iii) Asc acting as an alternative electron donor of photosystem II, (iv) Asc inactivating the oxygen-evolving complex, (v) the role of Asc in non-photochemical quenching, and (vi) the role of Asc in ROS management in the chloroplast. The review also discusses differences in the regulation of Asc biosynthesis and the effects of Asc on photosynthesis in algae and vascular plants.
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25
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Garmash EV. Suppression of mitochondrial alternative oxidase can result in upregulation of the ROS scavenging network: some possible mechanisms underlying the compensation effect. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:43-53. [PMID: 36245276 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial alternative oxidase is an important protein involved in maintaining cellular metabolic and energy balance, especially under stress conditions. AOX genes knockout is aimed at revealing the functions of AOX genes. Under unfavourable conditions, AOX-suppressed plants (mainly based on Arabidopsis AOX1a-knockout lines) usually experience strong oxidative stress. However, a compensation effect, which consists of the absence of AOX1a leading to an increase in defence response mechanisms, concomitant with a decrease in ROS content, has also been demonstrated. This review briefly describes the possible mechanisms underlying the compensation effect upon the suppression of AOX1a. Information about mitochondrial retrograde regulation of AOX is given. The importance of ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential in triggering the signal transmission from mitochondria in the absence of AOX or disturbance of mitochondrial electron transport chain functions is indicated. The few available data on the response of the cell to the absence of AOX at the level of changes in the hormonal balance and the reactions of chloroplasts are presented. The decrease in the relative amount of reduced ascorbate at stable ROS levels as a result of compensation in AOX1a-suppressed plants is proposed as a sign of stress development. Obtaining direct evidence on the mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in AOX modulation in the genome should facilitate a deeper understanding of the role of AOX in the integration of cellular signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Garmash
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
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26
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Desmedt W, Kudjordjie EN, Chavan SN, Desmet S, Nicolaisen M, Vanholme B, Vestergård M, Kyndt T. Distinct chemical resistance-inducing stimuli result in common transcriptional, metabolic, and nematode community signatures in rice root and rhizosphere. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7564-7581. [PMID: 36124630 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Induced resistance (IR), a phenotypic state induced by an exogenous stimulus and characterized by enhanced resistance to future (a)biotic challenge, is an important component of plant immunity. Numerous IR-inducing stimuli have been described in various plant species, but relatively little is known about 'core' systemic responses shared by these distinct IR stimuli and the effects of IR on plant-associated microbiota. In this study, rice (Oryza sativa) leaves were treated with four distinct IR stimuli (β-aminobutyric acid, acibenzolar-S-methyl, dehydroascorbic acid, and piperonylic acid) capable of inducing systemic IR against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola and evaluated their effect on the root transcriptome and exudome, and root-associated nematode communities. Our results reveal shared transcriptional responses-notably induction of jasmonic acid and phenylpropanoid metabolism-and shared alterations to the exudome that include increased amino acid, benzoate, and fatty acid exudation. In rice plants grown in soil from a rice field, IR stimuli significantly affected the composition of rhizosphere nematode communities 3 d after treatment, but by 14 d after treatment these changes had largely reverted. Notably, IR stimuli did not reduce nematode diversity, which suggests that IR might offer a sustainable option for managing plant-parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Desmedt
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Enoch Narh Kudjordjie
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Satish Namdeo Chavan
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, 500030 Hyderabad, India
| | - Sandrien Desmet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core Ghent, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Matos IF, Morales LMM, Santana DB, Silva GMC, Gomes MMDA, Ayub RA, Costa JH, de Oliveira JG. Ascorbate synthesis as an alternative electron source for mitochondrial respiration: Possible implications for the plant performance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987077. [PMID: 36507441 PMCID: PMC9727407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The molecule vitamin C, in the chemical form of ascorbic acid (AsA), is known to be essential for the metabolism of humans and animals. Humans do not produce AsA, so they depend on plants as a source of vitamin C for their food. The AsA synthesis pathway occurs partially in the cytosol, but the last oxidation step is physically linked to the respiratory chain of plant mitochondria. This oxidation step is catalyzed by l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (l-GalLDH). This enzyme is not considered a limiting step for AsA production; however, it presents a distinguishing characteristic: the l-GalLDH can introduce electrons directly into the respiratory chain through cytochrome c (Cytc) and therefore can be considered an extramitochondrial electron source that bypasses the phosphorylating Complex III. The use of Cytc as electron acceptor has been debated in terms of its need for AsA synthesis, but little has been said in relation to its impact on the functioning of the respiratory chain. This work seeks to offer a new view about the possible changes that result of the link between AsA synthesis and the mitochondrial respiration. We hypothesized that some physiological alterations related to low AsA may be not only explained by the deficiency of this molecule but also by the changes in the respiratory function. We discussed some findings showing that respiratory mutants contained changes in AsA synthesis. Besides, recent works that also indicate that the excessive electron transport via l-GalLDH enzyme may affect other respiratory pathways. We proposed that Cytc reduction by l-GalLDH may be part of an alternative respiratory pathway that is active during AsA synthesis. Also, it is proposed that possible links of this pathway with other pathways of alternative electron transport in plant mitochondria may exist. The review suggests potential implications of this relationship, particularly for situations of stress. We hypothesized that this pathway of alternative electron input would serve as a strategy for adaptation of plant respiration to changing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Faria Matos
- Plant Genetic Breeding Laboratory, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Diederson Bortolini Santana
- Plant Genetic Breeding Laboratory, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Michelle Cosme Silva
- Plant Genetic Breeding Laboratory, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mara Menezes de Assis Gomes
- Plant Genetic Breeding Laboratory, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antônio Ayub
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Fruit Growing, Department of Phytotechny and Phytosanitary, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - José Hélio Costa
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Non-Institutional Competence Focus (NICFocus) ‘Functional Cell Reprogramming and Organism Plasticity’ (FunCROP), coordinated from Foros de Vale de Figueira, Alentejo, Portugal
| | - Jurandi Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Plant Genetic Breeding Laboratory, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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28
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Cantabella D, Karpinska B, Teixidó N, Dolcet-Sanjuan R, Foyer CH. Non-volatile signals and redox mechanisms are required for the responses of Arabidopsis roots to Pseudomonas oryzihabitans. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6971-6982. [PMID: 36001048 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil bacteria promote plant growth and protect against environmental stresses, but the mechanisms involved remain poorly characterized, particularly when there is no direct contact between the roots and bacteria. Here, we explored the effects of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans PGP01 on the root system architecture (RSA) in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Significant increases in lateral root (LR) density were observed when seedlings were grown in the presence of P. oryzihabitans, as well as an increased abundance of transcripts associated with altered nutrient transport and phytohormone responses. However, no bacterial transcripts were detected on the root samples by RNAseq analysis, demonstrating that the bacteria do not colonize the roots. Separating the agar containing bacteria from the seedlings prevented the bacteria-induced changes in RSA. Bacteria-induced changes in RSA were absent from mutants defective in ethylene response factor (ERF109), glutathione synthesis (pad2-1, cad2-1, and rax1-1) and in strigolactone synthesis (max3-9 and max4-1) or signalling (max2-3). However, the P. oryzihabitans-induced changes in RSA were similar in the low ascorbate mutants (vtc2-1and vtc2-2) to the wild-type controls. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of non-volatile signals and redox mechanisms in the root architecture regulation that occurs following long-distance perception of P. oryzihabitans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cantabella
- Institute of Research and Agrofood technology (IRTA) Postharvest Program, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- IRTA, Plant In Vitro Culture Laboratory, Fruticulture Program, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Barbara Karpinska
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Neus Teixidó
- Institute of Research and Agrofood technology (IRTA) Postharvest Program, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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29
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Characteristic of the Ascorbate Oxidase Gene Family in Beta vulgaris and Analysis of the Role of AAO in Response to Salinity and Drought in Beet. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112773. [PMID: 36361565 PMCID: PMC9654295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate oxidase, which is known to play a key role in regulating the redox state in the apoplast, cell wall metabolism, cell expansion and abiotic stress response in plants, oxidizes apo-plastic ascorbic acid (AA) to dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). However, there is little information about the AAO genes and their functions in beets under abiotic stress. The term salt or drought stress refers to the treatment of plants with slow and gradual salinity/drought. Contrastingly, salt shock consists of exposing plants to high salt levels instantaneously and drought shock occurs under fast drought progression. In the present work, we have subjected plants to salinity or drought treatments to elicit either stress or shock and carried out a genome-wide analysis of ascorbate oxidase (AAO) genes in sugar beet (B. vulgaris cv. Huzar) and its halophytic ancestor (B. maritima). Here, conserved domain analyses showed the existence of twelve BvAAO gene family members in the genome of sugar beet. The BvAAO_1-12 genes are located on chromosomes 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9. The phylogenetic tree exhibited the close relationships between BvAAO_1-12 and AAO genes of Spinacia oleracea and Chenopodium quinoa. In both beet genotypes, downregulation of AAO gene expression with the duration of salt stress or drought treatment was observed. This correlated with a decrease in AAO enzyme activity under defined experimental setup. Under salinity, the key downregulated gene was BvAAO_10 in Beta maritima and under drought the BvAAO_3 gene in both beets. This phenomenon may be involved in determining the high tolerance of beet to salinity and drought.
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30
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Sosa-Zuniga V, Martínez-Barradas V, Espinoza C, Tighe-Neira R, Valenzuela ÁV, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Arce-Johnson P. Characterization of physiological and antioxidant responses in Run1Ren1 Vitis vinifera plants during Erysiphe necator attack. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:964732. [PMID: 36325565 PMCID: PMC9621084 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.964732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine is a fruit crop of major significance worldwide. Fungal attacks are one of the most relevant factors affecting grapevine yield and fruit quality, and powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator is one of the most harmful fungal diseases for this fruit-bearing species. Incorporating resistance genes such as Run1 and Ren1 in new vine selections offers a sustainable alternative to control the disease. These combined loci produce an immune response that prevents the development of the disease. However, to date studies are lacking concerning whether this response generates alterations in the physiological and antioxidant parameters of resistant plants in the presence of the fungus or if it has an associated energy cost. Therefore, the main goal of our research was to determine if Run1Ren1 plants present alterations in their physiological and biochemical parameters in the presence of the fungus. To achieve this target, a previously characterized resistant Run1Ren1 genotype and the susceptible Carménère cultivar were analyzed. We evaluated photochemical parameters (Fv'/Fm', ΦPSII and ETR), net photosynthesis (Pn), photosynthetic pigments, transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs ), oxidative stress parameters (MDA), antioxidant activity, and phenols. Our results show that the physiological parameters of Run1Ren1 plants were not negatively affected by the fungus at 10 days post-inoculation, contrasting with alterations observed in the susceptible plants. Therefore, we propose that the resistance response triggered by Run1Ren1 is physiologically and biochemically advantageous to grapevines by preventing the development of powdery mildew infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Sosa-Zuniga
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vera Martínez-Barradas
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Espinoza
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Tighe-Neira
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Álvaro Vidal Valenzuela
- Research and Innovation Centre. Biotechnology vegetal Unit, Foundation Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, (TN), Italy
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricio Arce-Johnson
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Agrijohnson Ltda., Plant Biotechnology Department, Miraflores, Curacavií, Chile
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31
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Corpas FJ, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Muñoz-Vargas MA, González-Gordo S, Reiter RJ, Palma JM. Interactions of melatonin, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide during fruit ripening: an update and prospective view. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5947-5960. [PMID: 35325926 PMCID: PMC9523826 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a physiological process that involves a complex network of signaling molecules that act as switches to activate or deactivate certain metabolic pathways at different levels, not only by regulating gene and protein expression but also through post-translational modifications of the involved proteins. Ethylene is the distinctive molecule that regulates the ripening of fruits, which can be classified as climacteric or non-climacteric according to whether or not, respectively, they are dependent on this phytohormone. However, in recent years it has been found that other molecules with signaling potential also exert regulatory roles, not only individually but also as a result of interactions among them. These observations imply the existence of mutual and hierarchical regulations that sometimes make it difficult to identify the initial triggering event. Among these 'new' molecules, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and melatonin have been highlighted as prominent. This review provides a comprehensive outline of the relevance of these molecules in the fruit ripening process and the complex network of the known interactions among them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - María A Muñoz-Vargas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Foyer CH, Hanke G. ROS production and signalling in chloroplasts: cornerstones and evolving concepts. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:642-661. [PMID: 35665548 PMCID: PMC9545066 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide (O2●- ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) are the markers of living cells. Oxygenic photosynthesis produces ROS in abundance, which act as a readout of a functional electron transport system and metabolism. The concept that photosynthetic ROS production is a major driving force in chloroplast to nucleus retrograde signalling is embedded in the literature, as is the role of chloroplasts as environmental sensors. The different complexes and components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) regulate O2●- production in relation to light energy availability and the redox state of the stromal Cys-based redox systems. All of the ROS generated in chloroplasts have the potential to act as signals and there are many sulphhydryl-containing proteins and peptides in chloroplasts that have the potential to act as H2 O2 sensors and function in signal transduction. While ROS may directly move out of the chloroplasts to other cellular compartments, ROS signalling pathways can only be triggered if appropriate ROS-sensing proteins are present at or near the site of ROS production. Chloroplast antioxidant systems serve either to propagate these signals or to remove excess ROS that cannot effectively be harnessed in signalling. The key challenge is to understand how regulated ROS delivery from the PETC to the Cys-based redox machinery is organised to transmit redox signals from the environment to the nucleus. Redox changes associated with stromal carbohydrate metabolism also play a key role in chloroplast signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonB15 2TTUK
| | - Guy Hanke
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
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Nakamura-Gouvea N, Alves-Lima C, Benites LF, Iha C, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Aliaga-Tobar V, Araujo Amaral Carneiro M, Yokoya NS, Marinho-Soriano E, Graminha MAS, Collén J, Oliveira MC, Setubal JC, Colepicolo P. Insights into agar and secondary metabolite pathways from the genome of the red alga Gracilaria domingensis (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:406-423. [PMID: 35090189 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gracilariales is a clade of florideophycean red macroalgae known for being the main source of agar. We present a de novo genome assembly and annotation of Gracilaria domingensis, an agarophyte alga with flattened thallus widely distributed along Central and South American Atlantic intertidal zones. In addition to structural analysis, an organizational comparison was done with other Rhodophyta genomes. The nuclear genome has 78 Mbp, with 11,437 predicted coding genes, 4,075 of which did not have hits in sequence databases. We also predicted 1,567 noncoding RNAs, distributed in 14 classes. The plastid and mitochondrion genome structures were also obtained. Genes related to agar synthesis were identified. Genes for type II galactose sulfurylases could not be found. Genes related to ascorbate synthesis were found. These results suggest an intricate connection of cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and the redox systems through the use of L-galactose in Rhodophyta. The genome of G. domingensis should be valuable to phycological and aquacultural research, as it is the first tropical and Western Atlantic red macroalgal genome to be sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nakamura-Gouvea
- Laboratory of Algal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu, Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cicero Alves-Lima
- Laboratory of Algal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu, Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Benites
- CNRS, UMR 7232 Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Sorbonne Université, Observatoire Océanologique - F-66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Cintia Iha
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R Matão 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile - Independencia, Santiago, 8380492, Chile
| | - Victor Aliaga-Tobar
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile - Independencia, Santiago, 8380492, Chile
| | - Marcella Araujo Amaral Carneiro
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - Via Costeira, Praia de Mãe Luiza, s/n, Natal, RN, 59014-002, Brazil
| | - Nair S Yokoya
- Phycology Research Center, Institute of Botany, Secretary of Infrastructure and Environment of São Paulo State, Brazil - Av. Miguel Estefano, 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil
| | - Eliane Marinho-Soriano
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - Via Costeira, Praia de Mãe Luiza, s/n, Natal, RN, 59014-002, Brazil
| | - Marcia A S Graminha
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Campus Ville, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Jonas Collén
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models - CS 90074, Roscoff cedex, 29688, France
| | - Mariana C Oliveira
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R Matão 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Joao C Setubal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Pio Colepicolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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Zhang C, Zhao S, Li YS, He C, Wang X, Liu L. Crystal Structures of Arabidopsis thaliana GDP-D-Mannose Pyrophosphorylase VITAMIN C DEFECTIVE 1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:899738. [PMID: 35677252 PMCID: PMC9168903 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.899738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMPase) catalyzes a committed step in ascorbic acid biosynthesis pathway. Arabidopsis thaliana VTC1 is the first genetically characterized plant GMPase and has unique properties when compared with bacterial and animal homologs. Here we present the crystal structures of VTC1 in the unliganded and product-bound states at resolutions of 2.8 and 3.0 Å, respectively. VTC1 dimerizes in a same way like other known GMPases, but dodecamerizes in a previously unobserved arrangement. The interactions to GDP-D-mannose and inorganic pyrophosphate are revealed by the product-bound VTC1 structure. An in vitro GMPase activity assay confirms the regulatory role of the C-terminal left-handed β-helix domain, and structural analyses suggest the models of VTC1 hetero-complex with its interacting proteins. The structural information advances our insights into the different mechanisms involved in VTC1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Shun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Shuai Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao He
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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Del-Saz NF, Iglesias-Sanchez A, Alonso-Forn D, López-Gómez M, Palma F, Clemente-Moreno MJ, Fernie AR, Ribas-Carbo M, Florez-Sarasa I. The Lack of Alternative Oxidase 1a Restricts in vivo Respiratory Activity and Stress-Related Metabolism for Leaf Osmoprotection and Redox Balancing Under Sudden Acute Water and Salt Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:833113. [PMID: 35656009 PMCID: PMC9152546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.833113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In plants salt and water stress result in an induction of respiration and accumulation of stress-related metabolites (SRMs) with osmoregulation and osmoprotection functions that benefit photosynthesis. The synthesis of SRMs may depend on an active respiratory metabolism, which can be restricted under stress by the inhibition of the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP), thus causing an increase in the reduction level of the ubiquinone pool. However, the activity of the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) is thought to prevent this from occurring while at the same time, dissipates excess of reducing power from the chloroplast and thereby improves photosynthetic performance. The present research is based on the hypothesis that the accumulation of SRMs under osmotic stress will be affected by changes in folial AOP activity. To test this, the oxygen isotope-fractionation technique was used to study the in vivo respiratory activities of COP and AOP in leaves of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana plants and of aox1a mutants under sudden acute stress conditions induced by mannitol and salt treatments. Levels of leaf primary metabolites and transcripts of respiratory-related proteins were also determined in parallel to photosynthetic analyses. The lack of in vivo AOP response in the aox1a mutants coincided with a lower leaf relative water content and a decreased accumulation of crucial osmoregulators. Additionally, levels of oxidative stress-related metabolites and transcripts encoding alternative respiratory components were increased. Coordinated changes in metabolite levels, respiratory activities and photosynthetic performance highlight the contribution of the AOP in providing flexibility to carbon metabolism for the accumulation of SRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor F. Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - David Alonso-Forn
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Palma
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María José Clemente-Moreno
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Edifici CRAG, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhu M, Wang X, Zhou Y, Tan J, Zhou Y, Gao F. Small RNA Sequencing Revealed that miR4415, a Legume-Specific miRNA, was Involved in the Cold Acclimation of Ammopiptanthus nanus by Targeting an L-Ascorbate Oxidase Gene and Regulating the Redox State of Apoplast. Front Genet 2022; 13:870446. [PMID: 35444684 PMCID: PMC9013972 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.870446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous single-stranded RNAs that regulate plant growth, development, and environmental stress response posttranscriptionally. Ammopiptanthus nanus, a rare evergreen broad-leaved shrub in the temperate area of Central Asia, can tolerate freezing stress as low as -30 degrees centigrade in winter, and miRNA might be involved in the cold acclimation which enables A. nanus to obtain tolerance to freezing stress. Systematic identification and functional analysis of the miRNAs involved in the cold acclimation in A. nanus may promote understanding of the miRNA-mediated gene regulation network underlying cold acclimation. Here, based on small RNA and degradome sequencing, 256 miRNAs and 1,808 miRNA-target pairs were identified in A. nanus. A total of 39 cold-responsive miRNAs were identified, of which 29 were upregulated and ten were downregulated. These cold-responsive miRNAs may participate in the cold acclimation by regulating redox homeostasis (miR398, miR4415, and miR408), calcium signaling (miR5225 and miR5211), growth and development (miR159 and miR390), and small RNA-mediated gene silencing (miR168 and miR1515). We found that miR4415, a legume-specific miRNA, is involved in the cold acclimation of A. nanus by targeting an L-ascorbate oxidase gene and then regulating the redox state of the apoplast. Our study provides important data for understanding the regulatory role of miRNA in the cold acclimation of A. nanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Tan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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37
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Kádár CB, Păucean A, Simon E, Vodnar DC, Ranga F, Rusu IE, Vișan VG, Man S, Chiș MS, Drețcanu G. Dynamics of Bioactive Compounds during Spontaneous Fermentation of Paste Obtained from Capsicum ssp.-Stage towards a Product with Technological Application. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1080. [PMID: 35448807 PMCID: PMC9025496 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Six cultivars of chili (Cherry, Bulgarian Chilli, Cayenne, Fatalii, Habanero, and Carolina Reaper) from two species (Capsicum annuum and Capsicum chinense) have been studied. Anaerobic, spontaneous fermentation of pure chili paste was conducted for 21 days at 20 °C. The unfermented (UCP) and fermented chili pastes (FCP) were both subjected to physicochemical and microbiological characterization consisting of capsaicinoid, ascorbic acid, short-chain organic acids, phenolic compounds, and simple sugars analysis. Cell viability for Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and Leuconostoc was determined before and after fermentation. Results indicate that capsaicinoids are very stable compounds, as notable differences between unfermented and fermented samples could not be seen. Carolina Reaper and Fatalii cultivars were amongst the most pungent, whereas Cherry, Cayenne, and Bulgarian types were low to moderate in pungency. Average loss of total ascorbic acid was 19.01%. Total phenolic compounds ranged between 36.89−195.43 mg/100 g for the fresh fruits and 35.60−180.40 mg/100 g for the fermented product. Losses through fermentation were not significant (p < 0.05). Plate counts indicated low initial numbers for LAB in the fresh samples, values ranging between 50−3700 CFU/g (colony-forming units). After fermentation, day 21, concentration of LAB (3.8 × 106−6.2 × 108 CFU/g) was high in all samples. Fermented chilies paste with enhanced biochemical and bacterial properties might further be used in the technology of vegetable (brining) or meat (curing) products, processes that generally involve the fermenting activity of different microorganisms, especially (LAB). Thus, the purpose of this research was the investigation of biochemical and microbial transformations that naturally occur in fermented chilies with a future perspective towards technological applications in cured meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Balázs Kádár
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.K.); (I.E.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Adriana Păucean
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.K.); (I.E.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Elemér Simon
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.S.); (D.C.V.); (F.R.); (G.D.)
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.S.); (D.C.V.); (F.R.); (G.D.)
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Floricuța Ranga
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.S.); (D.C.V.); (F.R.); (G.D.)
| | - Iulian Eugen Rusu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.K.); (I.E.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Vasile-Gheorghe Vișan
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Simona Man
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.K.); (I.E.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Maria Simona Chiș
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.K.); (I.E.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Georgiana Drețcanu
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.S.); (D.C.V.); (F.R.); (G.D.)
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Zulfiqar F, Ashraf M. Antioxidants as modulators of arsenic-induced oxidative stress tolerance in plants: An overview. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:127891. [PMID: 34848065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic contaminant in the environment. Although both inorganic and organic types of arsenic exist in the environment, the most common inorganic forms of As that adversely affect plants are arsenite (As III) and arsenate (As V). Despite no evidence for As being essential for plant growth, exposure of roots to this element can cause its uptake primarily via transporters responsible for the transport of essential mineral nutrients. Arsenic exposure even at low concentrations disturbs the plant normal functioning via excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, a condition known as oxidative stress leading to an imbalance in the redox system of the plant. This is associated with considerable damage to the cell components thereby impairing normal cellular functions and activation of several cell survival and cell death pathways. To counteract this oxidative disorder, plants possess natural defense mechanisms such as chemical species and enzymatic antioxidants. This review considers how different types of antioxidants participate in the oxidative defense mechanism to alleviate As stress in plants. Since the underlying phenomena of oxidative stress tolerance are not yet fully elucidated, the potential for "Omics" technologies to uncover molecular mechanisms are discussed. Various strategies to improve As-induced oxidative tolerance in plants such as exogenous supplementation of effective growth regulators, protectant chemicals, transgenic approaches, and genome editing are also discussed thoroughly in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Nahar L, Aycan M, Hanamata S, Baslam M, Mitsui T. Impact of Single and Combined Salinity and High-Temperature Stresses on Agro-Physiological, Biochemical, and Transcriptional Responses in Rice and Stress-Release. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040501. [PMID: 35214835 PMCID: PMC8876766 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, for the first time, we aimed to identify in rice the key mechanisms and processes underlying tolerance to high-temperature (HT) or salt stress (SS) alone, the co-occurrence of both stresses, and recovery using physiological and biochemical measurements and gene expression analysis. We also investigated whether recovery from the two stressors depended on the relative intensities/relief of each stressor. Wild type ('Yukinkomai') rice plants were found to be more susceptible to salinity or heat applied individually. SS leads to a depletion of cellular water content, higher accumulation of Na+, and alterations in photosynthetic pigments. The stress-tolerant cultivar 'YNU31-2-4' (YNU) displayed a lower Na+/K+ ratio, higher water content in cells and improved photosynthetic traits, antioxidant system, and expression of defence genes. Strikingly, the SS + HT combination provided a significant level of protection to rice plants from the effects of SS alone. The expression pattern of a selected set of genes showed a specific response and dedicated pathways in plants subjected to each of the different stresses, while other genes were explicitly activated when the stresses were combined. Aquaporin genes were activated by SS, while stress-related (P5CS, MSD1, HSPs, and ions transporters) genes were shaped by HT. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analyses showed that several traits exhibited a gradually aggravating effect as plants were exposed to the combined stresses and identified heat as a mitigating factor, clearly separating heat + salt-stressed from salt-non-heat-stressed plants. Furthermore, seedling recovery was far more dependent on the relative intensities of stressors and cultivars, demonstrating the influence of one stressor over another upon stress-release. Taken together, our data show the uniqueness and complexity of the physiological and molecular network modules used by rice plants to respond to single and combined stresses and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfun Nahar
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Murat Aycan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Shigeru Hanamata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (M.A.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (T.M.); Tel.: +81-25-262-6641 (T.M.)
| | - Toshiaki Mitsui
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (M.A.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (T.M.); Tel.: +81-25-262-6641 (T.M.)
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40
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How to Cope with the Challenges of Environmental Stresses in the Era of Global Climate Change: An Update on ROS Stave off in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041995. [PMID: 35216108 PMCID: PMC8879091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of human civilization and anthropogenic activities in the shade of urbanization and global climate change, plants are exposed to a complex set of abiotic stresses. These stresses affect plants’ growth, development, and yield and cause enormous crop losses worldwide. In this alarming scenario of global climate conditions, plants respond to such stresses through a highly balanced and finely tuned interaction between signaling molecules. The abiotic stresses initiate the quick release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as toxic by-products of altered aerobic metabolism during different stress conditions at the cellular level. ROS includes both free oxygen radicals {superoxide (O2•−) and hydroxyl (OH−)} as well as non-radicals [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and singlet oxygen (1O2)]. ROS can be generated and scavenged in different cell organelles and cytoplasm depending on the type of stimulus. At high concentrations, ROS cause lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein oxidation, and necrosis, but at low to moderate concentrations, they play a crucial role as secondary messengers in intracellular signaling cascades. Because of their concentration-dependent dual role, a huge number of molecules tightly control the level of ROS in cells. The plants have evolved antioxidants and scavenging machinery equipped with different enzymes to maintain the equilibrium between the production and detoxification of ROS generated during stress. In this present article, we have focused on current insights on generation and scavenging of ROS during abiotic stresses. Moreover, the article will act as a knowledge base for new and pivotal studies on ROS generation and scavenging.
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Kerchev PI, Van Breusegem F. Improving oxidative stress resilience in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:359-372. [PMID: 34519111 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Originally conceived as harmful metabolic byproducts, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are now recognized as an integral part of numerous cellular programs. Thanks to their diverse physicochemical properties, compartmentalized production, and tight control exerted by the antioxidant machinery they activate signaling pathways that govern plant growth, development, and defense. Excessive ROS levels are often driven by adverse changes in environmental conditions, ultimately causing oxidative stress. The associated negative impact on cellular constituents have been a major focus of decade-long research efforts to improve the oxidative stress resilience by boosting the antioxidant machinery in model and crop species. We highlight the role of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants as integral factors of multiple signaling cascades beyond their mere function to prevent oxidative damage under adverse abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel I Kerchev
- Phytophthora Research Centre, Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Gent, Belgium
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Habibi G. Changes in crassulacean acid metabolism expression, chloroplast ultrastructure, photochemical and antioxidant activity in the Aloe vera during acclimation to combined drought and salt stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 49:40-53. [PMID: 34780703 DOI: 10.1071/fp21008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We determined time course changes of photochemical and antioxidant activity during the induction of strong crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in Aloe vera L. plants grown under salt and drought stress. We found that the strong CAM was induced during 25-30days of drought alone treatment. After 25-30days, we showed the withdrawal of strong CAM back to constitutive CAM background under the combination of simultaneous drought and salt stress, which coincided with the accumulation of malondialdehyde, and the decrease in the contents of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and non-enzymatic antioxidants. At the same time, the chloroplast ultrastructure was damaged with a parallel accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and the whole photosynthetic electron transport flux was impaired by combined stress treatment. In conclusion, the changes in CAM expression parameters was attended by a similar pattern of antioxidant and photochemical change in Aloe plants subjected to only drought or combined stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghader Habibi
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University (PNU), PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, Iran
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Medeiros DB, Aarabi F, Martinez Rivas FJ, Fernie AR. The knowns and unknowns of intracellular partitioning of carbon and nitrogen, with focus on the organic acid-mediated interplay between mitochondrion and chloroplast. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 266:153521. [PMID: 34537467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of specialized cellular compartments in higher plants express an extraordinary degree of intracellular organization, which provides efficient mechanisms to avoid misbalancing of the metabolism. This offers the flexibility by which plants can quickly acclimate to fluctuating environmental conditions. For that, a fine temporal and spatial regulation of metabolic pathways is required and involves several players e.g. organic acids. In this review we discuss different facets of the organic acid metabolism within plant cells with special focus to those related to the interactions between organic acids compartmentalization and the partitioning of carbon and nitrogen. The connections between organic acids and CO2 assimilation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, amino acids metabolism, and redox status are highlighted. Moreover, the key enzymes and transporters as well as their function on the coordination of interorganellar metabolic exchanges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Medeiros
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Fayezeh Aarabi
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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Shahzad R, Jamil S, Ahmad S, Nisar A, Khan S, Amina Z, Kanwal S, Aslam HMU, Gill RA, Zhou W. Biofortification of Cereals and Pulses Using New Breeding Techniques: Current and Future Perspectives. Front Nutr 2021; 8:721728. [PMID: 34692743 PMCID: PMC8528959 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.721728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereals and pulses are consumed as a staple food in low-income countries for the fulfillment of daily dietary requirements and as a source of micronutrients. However, they are failing to offer balanced nutrition due to deficiencies of some essential compounds, macronutrients, and micronutrients, i.e., cereals are deficient in iron, zinc, some essential amino acids, and quality proteins. Meanwhile, the pulses are rich in anti-nutrient compounds that restrict the bioavailability of micronutrients. As a result, the population is suffering from malnutrition and resultantly different diseases, i.e., anemia, beriberi, pellagra, night blindness, rickets, and scurvy are common in the society. These facts highlight the need for the biofortification of cereals and pulses for the provision of balanced diets to masses and reduction of malnutrition. Biofortification of crops may be achieved through conventional approaches or new breeding techniques (NBTs). Conventional approaches for biofortification cover mineral fertilization through foliar or soil application, microbe-mediated enhanced uptake of nutrients, and conventional crossing of plants to obtain the desired combination of genes for balanced nutrient uptake and bioavailability. Whereas, NBTs rely on gene silencing, gene editing, overexpression, and gene transfer from other species for the acquisition of balanced nutritional profiles in mutant plants. Thus, we have highlighted the significance of conventional and NBTs for the biofortification of cereals and pulses. Current and future perspectives and opportunities are also discussed. Further, the regulatory aspects of newly developed biofortified transgenic and/or non-transgenic crop varieties via NBTs are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Shahzad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakra Jamil
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Maize Research Station, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amina Nisar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sipper Khan
- Tropics and Subtropics Group, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zarmaha Amina
- Tropics and Subtropics Group, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Shamsa Kanwal
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Singh RR, Pajar JA, Audenaert K, Kyndt T. Induced Resistance by Ascorbate Oxidation Involves Potentiating of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Improved Rice Tolerance to Parasitic Nematodes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:713870. [PMID: 34456953 PMCID: PMC8386471 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.713870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Anticipating an increased ecological awareness, scientists have been exploring new strategies to reduce the use of chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases. Triggering the intrinsic plant defense system is one of the promising strategies to reduce yield loss by pathogenic organisms, such as nematodes. Ascorbate oxidase (AO) enzyme plays an important role in plant defense by regulating the apoplastic ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (DHA) ratio via the ascorbate oxidation process. Ascorbate oxidation is known to induce systemic resistance in rice against parasitic root-knot nematodes (RKN). Here, we sought to evaluate if AO- or DHA-induced resistance (IR) against RKN M. graminicola involves activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and whether this IR phenotype has potential effects on growth of rice seedlings under stressed and unstressed conditions. Our results show that AO/DHA-IR against these parasitic nematodes is dependent on activation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). However, application of reduced ascorbic acid (AA) did not induce this response. Gene expression analysis via qRT-PCR showed that OsPAL2 and OsPAL4 are highly expressed in AO/DHA-sprayed nematode-infected roots and PAL-activity measurements confirmed that AO/DHA spraying triggers the plants for primed activation of this enzyme upon nematode infection. AO/DHA-IR is not effective in plants sprayed with a chemical PAL inhibitor confirming that AO/DHA-induced resistance is dependent on PAL activity. Improved plant growth and low nematode infection in AO/DHA-sprayed plants was found to be correlated with an increase in shoot chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll index (ChlIdx), and modified anthocyanin reflection index which were proven to be good above-ground parameters for nematode infestation. A detailed growth analysis confirmed the improved growth of AO/DHA-treated plants under nematode-infected conditions. Taken together, our results indicate that ascorbate oxidation enhances the phenylpropanoid-based response to nematode infection and leads to a tolerance phenotype in treated rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Raj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jessil Ann Pajar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Bulley SM, Cooney JM, Laing W. Elevating Ascorbate in Arabidopsis Stimulates the Production of Abscisic Acid, Phaseic Acid, and to a Lesser Extent Auxin (IAA) and Jasmonates, Resulting in Increased Expression of DHAR1 and Multiple Transcription Factors Associated with Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [PMID: 34201662 DOI: 10.3990/ijms22136743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression and phytohormone contents were measured in response to elevating ascorbate in the absence of other confounding stimuli such as high light and abiotic stresses. Young Arabidopsis plants were treated with 25 mM solutions of l-galactose pathway intermediates l-galactose (l-gal) or l-galactono-1,4-lactone (l-galL), as well as L-ascorbic acid (AsA), with 25 mM glucose used as control. Feeding increased rosette AsA 2- to 4-fold but there was little change in AsA biosynthetic gene transcripts. Of the ascorbate recycling genes, only Dehydroascorbate reductase 1 expression was increased. Some known regulatory genes displayed increased expression and included ANAC019, ANAC072, ATHB12, ZAT10 and ZAT12. Investigation of the ANAC019/ANAC072/ATHB12 gene regulatory network revealed a high proportion of ABA regulated genes. Measurement of a subset of jasmonate, ABA, auxin (IAA) and salicylic acid compounds revealed consistent increases in ABA (up to 4.2-fold) and phaseic acid (PA; up to 5-fold), and less consistently certain jasmonates, IAA, but no change in salicylic acid levels. Increased ABA is likely due to increased transcripts for the ABA biosynthetic gene NCED3. There were also smaller increases in transcripts for transcription factors ATHB7, ERD1, and ABF3. These results provide insights into how increasing AsA content can mediate increased abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bulley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Te Puke 3182, New Zealand
| | - Janine M Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - William Laing
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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Bulley SM, Cooney JM, Laing W. Elevating Ascorbate in Arabidopsis Stimulates the Production of Abscisic Acid, Phaseic Acid, and to a Lesser Extent Auxin (IAA) and Jasmonates, Resulting in Increased Expression of DHAR1 and Multiple Transcription Factors Associated with Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136743. [PMID: 34201662 PMCID: PMC8269344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression and phytohormone contents were measured in response to elevating ascorbate in the absence of other confounding stimuli such as high light and abiotic stresses. Young Arabidopsis plants were treated with 25 mM solutions of l-galactose pathway intermediates l-galactose (l-gal) or l-galactono-1,4-lactone (l-galL), as well as L-ascorbic acid (AsA), with 25 mM glucose used as control. Feeding increased rosette AsA 2- to 4-fold but there was little change in AsA biosynthetic gene transcripts. Of the ascorbate recycling genes, only Dehydroascorbate reductase 1 expression was increased. Some known regulatory genes displayed increased expression and included ANAC019, ANAC072, ATHB12, ZAT10 and ZAT12. Investigation of the ANAC019/ANAC072/ATHB12 gene regulatory network revealed a high proportion of ABA regulated genes. Measurement of a subset of jasmonate, ABA, auxin (IAA) and salicylic acid compounds revealed consistent increases in ABA (up to 4.2-fold) and phaseic acid (PA; up to 5-fold), and less consistently certain jasmonates, IAA, but no change in salicylic acid levels. Increased ABA is likely due to increased transcripts for the ABA biosynthetic gene NCED3. There were also smaller increases in transcripts for transcription factors ATHB7, ERD1, and ABF3. These results provide insights into how increasing AsA content can mediate increased abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Bulley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Te Puke 3182, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-7-928-9796
| | - Janine M. Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand;
| | - William Laing
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
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Rahayu S, Annisa R, Anzila I, Christina YI, Soewondo A, Marhendra APW, Djati MS. Marsilea crenata ethanol extract prevents monosodium glutamate adverse effects on the serum levels of reproductive hormones, sperm quality, and testis histology in male rats. Vet World 2021; 14:1529-1536. [PMID: 34316200 PMCID: PMC8304425 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1529-1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Marsilea crenata is an aquatic plant that contains high antioxidants level and could prevent cell damages caused by free radicals. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of M. crenata ethanol extract on luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone levels, sperm quality, and testis histology of adult male rats induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study randomly divided 48 male rats into eight groups (n=6): control group; MSG group (4 mg/g body weight [b.w.] for 30 days); MS1, MS2, and MS3 groups (4 mg/g b.w. MSG and M. crenata ethanol extract at dose 0.216, 0.432, and 0.648 mg/g b.w., respectively, for 30 days); and S1, S2, and S3 groups (M. crenata ethanol extract at dose of 0.216, 0.432, and 0.648 mg/g b.w., respectively, for 30 days). The blood sample was collected on days 0 and 30 to determine the LH and testosterone levels. The animals were dissected on day 30, and the testes were isolated for morphometric, histology (spermatogenic cell number), and malondialdehyde (MDA) examination. Moreover, semen was collected to determine the sperm quality parameter. RESULTS The LH and testosterone levels significantly increased (p<0.05) after M. crenata administration at all doses. The higher dose of M. crenata ethanol extract demonstrated a high decrease in MDA level in MSG-treated rat testis; increase of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and Leydig cells number; and increase of seminiferous tubular diameter and germinal epithelium thickness. CONCLUSION The ethanol extract of M. crenata can improve the levels of LH, testosterone, sperm quality, number of testis morphometric, spermatogenic, and Leydig cells in MSG-treated male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Rahayu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Riska Annisa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ivakhul Anzila
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yuyun Ika Christina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Aries Soewondo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Agung Pramana Warih Marhendra
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Sasmito Djati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
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Tripathi DK, Rai P, Guerriero G, Sharma S, Corpas FJ, Singh VP. Silicon induces adventitious root formation in rice under arsenate stress with involvement of nitric oxide and indole-3-acetic acid. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4457-4471. [PMID: 33095869 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) negatively affects plant development. This study evaluates how the application of silicon (Si) can favor the formation of adventitious roots in rice under arsenate stress (AsV) as a mechanism to mitigate its negative effects. The simultaneous application of AsV and Si up-regulated the expression of genes involved in nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, cell cycle progression, auxin (IAA, indole-3-acetic acid) biosynthesis and transport, and Si uptake which accompanied adventitious root formation. Furthermore, Si triggered the expression and activity of enzymes involved in ascorbate recycling. Treatment with L-NAME (NG-nitro L-arginine methyl ester), an inhibitor of NO generation, significantly suppressed adventitious root formation, even in the presence of Si; however, supplying NO in the growth media rescued its effects. Our data suggest that both NO and IAA are essential for Si-mediated adventitious root formation under AsV stress. Interestingly, TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid), a polar auxin transport inhibitor, suppressed adventitious root formation even in the presence of Si and SNP (sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor), suggesting that Si is involved in a mechanism whereby a cellular signal is triggered and that first requires NO formation, followed by IAA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture (AIOA), Amity University, Noida, Noida, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Padmaja Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, PrayagrajIndia
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, PrayagrajIndia
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, Spain
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
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Bleau JR, Spoel SH. Selective redox signaling shapes plant-pathogen interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:53-65. [PMID: 33793940 PMCID: PMC8154045 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A review of recent progress in understanding the mechanisms whereby plants utilize selective and reversible redox signaling to establish immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade R Bleau
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Steven H Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
- Author for communication:
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