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Abdalla MMI. Insulin resistance as the molecular link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1430-1447. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i7.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two major health concerns that have seen a rising prevalence worldwide. Recent studies have indicated a possible link between DM and an increased risk of developing AD. Insulin, while primarily known for its role in regulating blood sugar, also plays a vital role in protecting brain functions. Insulin resistance (IR), especially prevalent in type 2 diabetes, is believed to play a significant role in AD's development. When insulin signalling becomes dysfunctional, it can negatively affect various brain functions, making individuals more susceptible to AD's defining features, such as the buildup of beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles. Emerging research suggests that addressing insulin-related issues might help reduce or even reverse the brain changes linked to AD. This review aims to explore the rela-tionship between DM and AD, with a focus on the role of IR. It also explores the molecular mechanisms by which IR might lead to brain changes and assesses current treatments that target IR. Understanding IR's role in the connection between DM and AD offers new possibilities for treatments and highlights the importance of continued research in this interdisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla
- Department of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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2
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Jakubek P, Pakula B, Rossmeisl M, Pinton P, Rimessi A, Wieckowski MR. Autophagy alterations in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: the evidence from human studies. Intern Emerg Med 2024:10.1007/s11739-024-03700-w. [PMID: 38971910 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-024-03700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and its impairment has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This review synthesizes the current evidence from human studies on autophagy alterations under these metabolic conditions. In obesity, most data point to autophagy upregulation during the initiation phase of autophagosome formation, potentially in response to proinflammatory conditions in the adipose tissue. Autophagosome formation appears to be enhanced under hyperglycemic or insulin-resistant conditions in patients with T2D, possibly acting as a compensatory mechanism to eliminate damaged organelles and proteins. Other studies have proposed that prolonged hyperglycemia and disrupted insulin signaling hinder autophagic flux, resulting in the accumulation of dysfunctional cellular components that can contribute to β-cell dysfunction. Evidence from patients with MASLD supports autophagy inhibition in disease progression. Nevertheless, given the available data, it is difficult to ascertain whether autophagy is enhanced or suppressed in these conditions because the levels of autophagy markers depend on the overall metabolism of specific organs, tissues, experimental conditions, or disease duration. Owing to these constraints, determining whether the observed shifts in autophagic activity precede or result from metabolic diseases remains challenging. Additionally, autophagy-modulating strategies are shortly discussed. To conclude, more studies investigating autophagy impairment are required to gain a more comprehensive understanding of its role in the pathogenesis of obesity, T2D, and MASLD and to unveil novel therapeutic strategies for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Jakubek
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pakula
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz Roman Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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Xie X, Liu J, Gao J, Shang C, Jiang Y, Chen L, Qian Z, Liu L, Wu D, Zhang Y, Ru Z, Zhang Y. The crosstalk between cell death and pregnancy related diseases: A narrative review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116815. [PMID: 38788598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death is intricately linked to various physiological phenomena such as growth, development, and metabolism, as well as the proper function of the pancreatic β cell and the migration and invasion of trophoblast cells in the placenta during pregnancy. Traditional and recently identified programmed cell death include apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. In addition to cancer and degenerative diseases, abnormal activation of cell death has also been implicated in pregnancy related diseases like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, fetal growth restriction, and recurrent miscarriage. Excessive or insufficient cell death and pregnancy related diseases may be mutually determined, ultimately resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this review, we systematically describe the characteristics and mechanisms underlying several types of cell death and their roles in pregnancy related diseases. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies that target cell death signaling pathways for pregnancy related diseases, hoping that more meaningful treatments will be applied in clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Xie
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China; The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Jingyi Gao
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chenwei Shang
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Zhiwen Qian
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Danping Wu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China.
| | - Zhu Ru
- Anqing Medical College Clinical Research Center, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing 246003, Anhui, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China; Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China.
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Xu X, Wang J, Xia Y, Yin Y, Zhu T, Chen F, Hai C. Autophagy, a double-edged sword for oral tissue regeneration. J Adv Res 2024; 59:141-159. [PMID: 37356803 PMCID: PMC11081970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health is of fundamental importance to maintain systemic health in humans. Stem cell-based oral tissue regeneration is a promising strategy to achieve the recovery of impaired oral tissue. As a highly conserved process of lysosomal degradation, autophagy induction regulates stem cell function physiologically and pathologically. Autophagy activation can serve as a cytoprotective mechanism in stressful environments, while insufficient or over-activation may also lead to cell function dysregulation and cell death. AIM OF REVIEW This review focuses on the effects of autophagy on stem cell function and oral tissue regeneration, with particular emphasis on diverse roles of autophagy in different oral tissues, including periodontal tissue, bone tissue, dentin pulp tissue, oral mucosa, salivary gland, maxillofacial muscle, temporomandibular joint, etc. Additionally, this review introduces the molecular mechanisms involved in autophagy during the regeneration of different parts of oral tissue, and how autophagy can be regulated by small molecule drugs, biomaterials, exosomes/RNAs or other specific treatments. Finally, this review discusses new perspectives for autophagy manipulation and oral tissue regeneration. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Overall, this review emphasizes the contribution of autophagy to oral tissue regeneration and highlights the possible approaches for regulating autophagy to promote the regeneration of human oral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Tianxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Faming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
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Pirani H, Soltany A, Hossein Rezaei M, Khodabakhshi Fard A, Nikooie R, Khoramipoor K, Chamari K, Khoramipour K. Lactate-induced autophagy activation: unraveling the therapeutic impact of high-intensity interval training on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1108. [PMID: 38212600 PMCID: PMC10784291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Impaired autophagy is a hallmark of diabetes. The current study proposed to investigate if high intensity interval training (HIIT) induced lactate accumulation could stimulate autophagy in type 2 diabetic male rats. 28 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: Healthy Control (CO), Diabetes Control (T2D), Exercise (EX), and Diabetes + Exercise (T2D + EX). Diabetes was induced by feeding high-fat diet and administrating single dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). After becoming diabetic, the animals in the exercise groups (EX and T2D + EX) performed an eight-week HIIT (4-10 interval, 80-100% Vmax, 5 days per week). Serum levels of lactate, glucose and insulin as well as the levels of lactate, pyruvate, lactate transporter monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (p-MAP 1 and 2), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (p-ERK 1 and 2), mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (p-70S6k), p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (p-90RSK), autophagy related 7 (ATG7), Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B, and 2A/2B -light chain 3 levels (LC3-I), (LC3- II), (LC3I/LC3II) in soleus muscle were measured. Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and serum glucose was lower in T2D + EX compared to T2D group (P < 0.0001). While serum and soleus muscle levels of lactate was not different between T2D and T2D + Ex, the levels of Pyruvate (P < 0.01), MCT1, p-ERK1/2, p-mTOR, p70S6k, P-90RSK, ATG7, LC3-II, and LC3-II/LC3I ratios were higher in T2D + EX compared to T2D group (P < 0.0001). We concluded that eight weeks of high-intensity interval training could activated ERK/P90SRK while inhibiting mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway in lactate dependent manner. It means increased autophagy which resulted in improve insulin resistance (IR) and reduce blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Pirani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Soltany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hossein Rezaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Adeleh Khodabakhshi Fard
- Department on Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Rohollah Nikooie
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kimya Khoramipoor
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Karim Chamari
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, ISSEP Ksar Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Liao D, Wei S, Hu J. Inhibition of miR-542-3p augments autophagy to promote diabetic corneal wound healing. EYE AND VISION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 11:3. [PMID: 38167306 PMCID: PMC10763460 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-023-00370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy has recently been shown to be critical for protecting peripheral nerve regeneration. This study explored the impact of miR-542-3p on diabetic corneal nerve regeneration and epithelial healing through the regulation of autophagy. METHODS A type 1 diabetes model was established in male mice through streptozotocin administration. Immunofluorescence staining of β-Tubulin III and sodium fluorescein staining were performed to observe corneal nerve fiber density and corneal epithelial healing, respectively. Western blotting, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine autophagy levels. Subconjunctival injection of RAPA and 3-MA altered autophagy levels; with them, we evaluated the role of autophagy in diabetic keratopathy. miRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to identify miRNA-mRNA networks with potential autophagy-regulating roles, and miR-542-3p was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). miR-542-3p antagomir was injected subconjunctivally to assess the role in diabetic corneal neuropathy. RESULTS Our data suggest that autophagy is suppressed in the diabetic corneal nerve and that activation of autophagy promotes diabetic corneal wound healing. We identified a potential autophagy-regulating miRNA-mRNA network in the diabetic trigeminal ganglion, in which miR-542-3p expression was significantly upregulated. Inhibition of miR-542-3p significantly enhanced the level of autophagy in trigeminal ganglion by upregulating ATG4D expression, thereby accelerating diabetic corneal nerve regeneration and epithelial healing. CONCLUSIONS Dysregulated autophagy is an important contributor to delayed diabetic corneal injury healing. Inhibiting miR-542-3p promotes diabetic corneal nerve regeneration and epithelial healing through autophagy activation by ATG4D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danling Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Shijia Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jianzhang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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Guimarães JPT, Queiroz LAD, Menikdiwela KR, Pereira N, Ramalho T, Jancar S, Moustaid-Moussa N, Martins JO. The role of captopril in leukotriene deficient type 1 diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22105. [PMID: 38092813 PMCID: PMC10719306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
T1D can be associated with metabolic disorders and several impaired pathways, including insulin signaling, and development of insulin resistance through the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The main precursor of RAS is angiotensinogen (Agt) and this system is often linked to autophagy dysregulation. Dysregulated autophagy has been described in T1D and linked to impairments in both glucose metabolism, and leukotrienes (LTs) production. Here, we have investigated the role of RAS and LTs in both muscle and liver from T1D mice, and its effects on insulin and autophagy pathways. We have chemically induced T1D in 129sve and 129sve 5LO-/- mice (lacking LTs) with streptozotocin (STZ). To further inhibit ACE activity, mice were treated with captopril (Cap). In muscle of T1D mice, treatment with Cap increased the expression of RAS (angiotensinogen and angiotensin II receptor), insulin signaling, and autophagy markers, regardless of the genotype. In the liver of T1D mice, the treatment with Cap increased the expression of RAS and insulin signaling markers, mostly when LTs were absent. 5LO-/- T1D mice showed increased insulin sensitivity, and decreased NEFA, after the Cap treatment. Cap treatment impacted both insulin signaling and autophagy pathways at the mRNA levels in muscle and liver, indicating the potential role of ACE inhibition on insulin sensitivity and autophagy in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Tôrres Guimarães
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz A D Queiroz
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kalhara R Menikdiwela
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nayara Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Theresa Ramalho
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sonia Jancar
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Joilson O Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Obradovic M, Zafirovic S, Gluvic Z, Radovanovic J, Isenovic ER. Autophagy and diabetes. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2023:576-588. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2023.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The current literature findings on autophagy’s beneficial and detrimental roles in diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetes-related comorbidities were reviewed. The effects of oral hypoglycaemic medicines and autophagy in DM. Autophagy plays an important function in cellular homeostasis by promoting cell survival or initiating cell death in physiological settings was also assessed. Although autophagy protects insulin-target tissues, organelle failure caused by autophagy malfunction influences DM and other metabolic diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress enhance autophagy levels, making it easier to regulate stress-induced intracellular changes. Evidence suggests that autophagy-caused cell death can occur when autophagy is overstimulated and constitutively activated, which might prevent or develop DM. Even though the precise role of autophagy in DM complications is uncertain, deregulation of the autophagic machinery is strongly linked to beta cell destruction and the aetiology of DM. Thus, improving autophagy dysfunction is a possible therapeutic objective in treating DM and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Zafirovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Wang LH, Wang YY, Liu L, Gong Q. From Diabetes to Diabetic Complications: Role of Autophagy. Curr Med Sci 2023:10.1007/s11596-023-2727-4. [PMID: 37115396 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications reduce quality of life and are life-limiting. At present, diabetes treatment consists of hypoglycemic agents to control blood glucose and the use of insulin-sensitizing drugs to overcome insulin resistance. In diabetes, autophagy is impaired and thus there is poor intracellular environment homeostasis. Pancreatic β-cells and insulin target tissues are protected by enhancing autophagy. Autophagy decreases β-cell apoptosis, promotes β-cell proliferation, and alleviates insulin resistance. Autophagy in diabetes is regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and others. Autophagy enhancers can likely be used as a treatment for diabetes and its complications. This review examines the evidence linking autophagy to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hua Wang
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China.
| | - Quan Gong
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China.
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China.
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ZHANG YU, ZHOU XI, ZHANG CHUNYAN, LAI DENGNI, LIU DONGBO, WU YANYANG. Vitamin B3 inhibits apoptosis and promotes autophagy of islet β cells under high glucose stress. BIOCELL 2023. [DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2023.026429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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Dong Z, Richie JP, Gao X, Al-Shaar L, Nichenametla SN, Shen B, Orentreich D. Cumulative Consumption of Sulfur Amino Acids and Risk of Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Nutr 2022; 152:2419-2428. [PMID: 36774108 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies have suggested that consumption of sulfur amino acids (SAAs), including methionine and cysteine, is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans and with T2D-related biomarkers in animals. But whether higher long-term SAA intake increases the risk of T2D in humans remains unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association between long-term dietary SAA intake and risk of T2D. METHODS We analyzed data collected from 2 different cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study, a long-term, prospective, and ongoing study. The Offspring cohort (1991-2014) included participants from fifth through ninth examinations, and the Third-Generation cohort (2002-2011) included participants from first and second examinations. After excluding participants with a clinical history of diabetes, missing dietary data, or implausible total energy intake, 3222 participants in the Offspring cohort and 3205 participants in the Third-Generation cohort were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated FFQ. The relations between energy-adjusted total SAA (methionine and cysteine) intake or individual SAA intake (in quintiles) and risk of incident T2D were estimated via Cox proportional hazards models after adjusting for dietary and nondietary risk factors. Associations across the 2 cohorts were determined by direct combination and meta-analysis. RESULTS During the 23 y of follow-up, 472 participants reported a new diagnosis of T2D in the 2 cohorts. In the meta-analysis, the HRs of T2D comparing the highest with the lowest intake of total SAAs, methionine, and cysteine were 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3, 2.5), 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2, 2.3), and 1.4 (95% CI: 1.0, 2.1), respectively. The association of SAA intake with T2D was attenuated after adjusting animal protein intake in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that excess intake of SAAs is associated with higher risk of T2D. Dietary patterns that are low in SAAs could help in preventing T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc, Cold Spring, NY, USA.
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Laila Al-Shaar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Biyi Shen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David Orentreich
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc, Cold Spring, NY, USA
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12
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Zhang Y, Zhou XA, Liu C, Shen Q, Wu Y. Vitamin B6 Inhibits High Glucose-Induced Islet β Cell Apoptosis by Upregulating Autophagy. Metabolites 2022; 12:1048. [PMID: 36355132 PMCID: PMC9695582 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B6 may alleviate diabetes by regulating insulin secretion and increasing insulin sensitivity, but its mechanism remains to be explored. In this study, vitamin B6-mediated autophagy and high glucose-induced apoptosis were tested to investigate the mechanism by which vitamin B6 regulates insulin release. The results showed that 20 mM glucose increased the apoptosis rate from 10.39% to 22.44%. Vitamin B6 reduced the apoptosis rate of RIN-m5F cells from 22.44% to 11.31%. Our data also showed that the vitamin B6 content in processed eggs was decreased and that the hydrothermal process did not affect the bioactivity of vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 increased the number of autophagosomes and the ratio of autophagosome marker protein microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta to microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha (LC3-II/LC3-I). It also decreased the amount of sequetosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) and inhibited the phosphorylation of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) under normal and high glucose stress. Another study showed that vitamin B6 inhibited the apoptosis rate, whereas the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) blocked the protective effect of vitamin B6 against apoptosis induced by high glucose. The hydrothermal process decreased the vitamin B6 content in eggs but had no effect on the cytoprotective function of vitamin B6 in RIN-m5f cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that vitamin B6-mediated autophagy protected RIN-m5f cells from high glucose-induced apoptosis might via the mTOR-dependent pathway. Our data also suggest that low temperatures and short-term hydrothermal processes are beneficial for dietary eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xi-an Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chuxin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qingwu Shen
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yanyang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subhealth Intervention Technology, Changsha 410128, China
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13
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Parmar UM, Jalgaonkar MP, Kulkarni YA, Oza MJ. Autophagy-nutrient sensing pathways in diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106408. [PMID: 35988870 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes has been increasing in recent decades which is affecting the population of both, developed and developing countries. Diabetes is associated with micro and macrovascular complications which predominantly result from hyperglycemia and disrupted metabolic pathways. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, formation of misfolded and abnormal proteins, and disruption of normal cellular functioning. The inability to maintain metabolic homeostasis under excessive energy and nutrient input, which induces insulin resistance, is a crucial feature during the transition from obesity to diabetes. According to various study reports, redox alterations, intracellular stress and chronic inflammation responses have all been linked to dysregulated energy metabolism and insulin resistance. Autophagy has been considered a cleansing mechanism to prevent these anomalies and restore cellular homeostasis. However, disrupted autophagy has been linked to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Recent studies have reported that the regulation of autophagy has a beneficial role against these conditions. When there is plenty of food, nutrient-sensing pathways activate anabolism and storage, but the shortage of food activates homeostatic mechanisms like autophagy, which mobilises internal stockpiles. These nutrient-sensing pathways are well conserved in eukaryotes and are involved in the regulation of autophagy which includes SIRT1, mTOR and AMPK. The current review focuses on the role of SIRT1, mTOR and AMPK in regulating autophagy and suggests autophagy along with these nutrient-sensing pathways as potential therapeutic targets in reducing the progression of various diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi M Parmar
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manjiri P Jalgaonkar
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manisha J Oza
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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14
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Ge X, Wang L, Fei A, Ye S, Zhang Q. Research progress on the relationship between autophagy and chronic complications of diabetes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:956344. [PMID: 36003645 PMCID: PMC9393249 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.956344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common metabolic disease whose hyperglycemic state can induce diverse complications and even threaten human health and life security. Currently, the treatment of diabetes is restricted to drugs that regulate blood glucose and have certain accompanying side effects. Autophagy, a research hotspot, has been proven to be involved in the occurrence and progression of the chronic complications of diabetes. Autophagy, as an essential organismal defense mechanism, refers to the wrapping of cytoplasmic proteins, broken organelles or pathogens by vesicles, which are then degraded by lysosomes to maintain the stability of the intracellular environment. Here, we review the relevant aspects of autophagy and the molecular mechanisms of autophagy in diabetic chronic complications, and further analyze the impact of improving autophagy on diabetic chronic complications, which will contribute to a new direction for further prevention and treatment of diabetic chronic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Aihua Fei
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shandong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Shandong Ye, ; Qingping Zhang,
| | - Qingping Zhang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Shandong Ye, ; Qingping Zhang,
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15
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Ma X, Wang Q. Short-Chain Fatty Acids Attenuate Renal Fibrosis and Enhance Autophagy of Renal Tubular Cells in Diabetic Mice Through the HDAC2/ULK1 Axis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:432-443. [PMID: 35574586 PMCID: PMC9262686 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND This study investigated the effect of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on diabetes in a mouse model. METHODS Autophagy in Akita mice and streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice was determined by Western blots and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Western blots, IHC, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining, periodic acid-Schiff staining, and picrosirius red staining were conducted to detect whether autophagy and renal function improved in Akita mice and STZ-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice after treatment of SCFAs. Western blots, IHC, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to determine whether SCFAs affected diabetic mice via the histone deacetylase (HDAC2)/unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) axis. Diabetic mice with kidney-specific knockout of HDAC2 were constructed, and IHC, Masson staining, and Western blots were carried out to detect whether the deletion of endogenous HDAC2 contributed to the improvement of autophagy and renal fibrosis in diabetic mice. RESULTS Reduced autophagy and severe fibrosis were observed in Akita mice and STZ-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Increased autophagy and reduced renal cell fibrosis were found in SCFA-treated Akita diabetic mice and STZ-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Diabetic mice treated with SCFAs had lower HDAC2 expression and more enriched binding of ULK1 promoter sequences to H3K27Ac. Endogenous knockout of HDAC2 caused enhanced autophagy and decreased renal fibrosis in diabetic mice treated with SCFAs. CONCLUSION SCFAs enhanced autophagy of renal tubular cells and attenuated renal fibrosis in diabetic mice through the HDAC2/ULK1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kidney Disease and Hemodialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kidney Disease and Hemodialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
- Kidney Disease and Hemodialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
- Corresponding author: Qiong Wang Department of Gastroenterology, Kidney Disease and Hemodialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 256, West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710068, China Tel: +86-18709269930, Fax: +86-18709269930, E-mail:
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16
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Chen X, Wu J, Li Z, Han J, Xia P, Shen Y, Ma J, Liu X, Zhang J, Yu P. Advances in The Study of RNA-binding Proteins in Diabetic Complications. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101515. [PMID: 35597446 PMCID: PMC9168169 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that diabetes mellitus affects 435 million people globally as a primary health care problem. Despite many therapies available, many diabetes remains uncontrolled, giving rise to irreversible diabetic complications that pose significant risks to patients’ wellbeing and survival. Scope of Review In recent years, as much effort is put into elucidating the posttranscriptional gene regulation network of diabetes and diabetic complications; RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are found to be vital. RBPs regulate gene expression through various post-transcriptional mechanisms, including alternative splicing, RNA export, messenger RNA translation, RNA degradation, and RNA stabilization. Major Conclusions Here, we summarized recent studies on the roles and mechanisms of RBPs in mediating abnormal gene expression in diabetes and its complications. Moreover, we discussed the potential and theoretical basis of RBPs to treat diabetes and its complications. • Mechanisms of action of RBPs involved in diabetic complications are summarized and elucidated. • We discuss the theoretical basis and potential of RBPs for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. • We summarize the possible effective drugs for diabetes based on RBPs promoting the development of future therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiashu Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianyong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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17
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Lu L, Ma Y, Deng J, Xie J, Huang C. Lower ATG7 Levels are Associated with a Higher Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2335-2343. [PMID: 35958873 PMCID: PMC9359373 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s377041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate ATG7 levels in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and explore the potential associations between ATG7 levels and GDM. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a large tertiary hospital in Chengdu, China. The ATG7 levels in pregnant women at between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation with (n=84) and without GDM (n=649) were measured by using an ELISA kit. Glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured by an automatic biochemistry analyser. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin secretion (HOMA-β) were calculated according to published formulas. The associations of ATG7 levels with laboratory parameters, GDM, and insulin resistance were evaluated using correlation analysis or a regression model. RESULTS The ATG7 levels were significantly lower in pregnant women with GDM than in those without GDM. The correlation analyses found that ATG7 levels correlated positively with HOMA-β but correlated negatively with HOMA-IR, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose levels, TGs, and LDL-C. There were no significant correlations between ATG7 levels and HbA1c, HDL-C, or TC. After adjusting for potential confounders, lower ATG7 levels were shown to be associated with a higher risk of GDM. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analyses showed that ATG7 levels were negatively associated with insulin resistance. CONCLUSION ATG7 levels are significantly lower in pregnant women with GDM than in those without GDM, and lower ATG7 levels are associated with a higher risk of GDM. ATG7 levels were negatively associated with insulin resistance. Autophagy deficiency, which is caused by lower ATG7 levels, may be the underlying mechanism that mediates insulin resistance in the development of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lu
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqiong Xie
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaolin Huang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Chaolin Huang; Jiaqiong Xie, Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
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18
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Çakır I, Hadley CK, Pan PL, Bagchi RA, Ghamari-Langroudi M, Porter DT, Wang Q, Litt MJ, Jana S, Hagen S, Lee P, White A, Lin JD, McKinsey TA, Cone RD. Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition restores leptin sensitivity and reduces obesity. Nat Metab 2022; 4:44-59. [PMID: 35039672 PMCID: PMC8892841 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The adipose tissue-derived hormone leptin can drive decreases in food intake while increasing energy expenditure. In diet-induced obesity, circulating leptin levels rise proportionally to adiposity. Despite this hyperleptinemia, rodents and humans with obesity maintain increased adiposity and are resistant to leptin's actions. Here we show that inhibitors of the cytosolic enzyme histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) act as potent leptin sensitizers and anti-obesity agents in diet-induced obese mice. Specifically, HDAC6 inhibitors, such as tubastatin A, reduce food intake, fat mass, hepatic steatosis and improve systemic glucose homeostasis in an HDAC6-dependent manner. Mechanistically, peripheral, but not central, inhibition of HDAC6 confers central leptin sensitivity. Additionally, the anti-obesity effect of tubastatin A is attenuated in animals with a defective central leptin-melanocortin circuitry, including db/db and MC4R knockout mice. Our results suggest the existence of an HDAC6-regulated adipokine that serves as a leptin-sensitizing agent and reveals HDAC6 as a potential target for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işın Çakır
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Colleen K Hadley
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pauline Lining Pan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rushita A Bagchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and the Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Masoud Ghamari-Langroudi
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Qiuyu Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael J Litt
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Somnath Jana
- Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Susan Hagen
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pil Lee
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew White
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and the Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Roger D Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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19
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Coto-Montes A, González-Blanco L, Antuña E, Menéndez-Valle I, Bermejo-Millo JC, Caballero B, Vega-Naredo I, Potes Y. The Interactome in the Evolution From Frailty to Sarcopenic Dependence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:792825. [PMID: 34926470 PMCID: PMC8675940 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.792825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are essential tools for accurate diagnosis and effective prevention, but their validation is a pending challenge that limits their usefulness, even more so with constructs as complex as frailty. Sarcopenia shares multiple mechanisms with frailty which makes it a strong candidate to provide robust frailty biomarkers. Based on this premise, we studied the temporal evolution of cellular interactome in frailty, from independent patients to dependent ones. Overweight is a recognized cause of frailty in aging, so we studied the altered mechanisms in overweight independent elderly and evaluated their aggravation in dependent elderly. This evidence of the evolution of previously altered mechanisms would significantly support their role as real biomarkers of frailty. The results showed a preponderant role of autophagy in interactome control at both different functional points, modulating other essential mechanisms in the cell, such as mitochondrial capacity or oxidative stress. Thus, the overweight provoked in the muscle of the elderly an overload of autophagy that kept cell survival in apparently healthy individuals. This excessive and permanent autophagic effort did not seem to be able to be maintained over time. Indeed, in dependent elderly, the muscle showed a total autophagic inactivity, with devastating effects on the survival of the cell, which showed clear signs of apoptosis, and reduced functional capacity. The frail elderly are in a situation of weakness that is a precursor of dependence that can still be prevented if detection is early. Hence biomarkers are essential in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Coto-Montes
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura González-Blanco
- Área de Sistemas de Producción Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Eduardo Antuña
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Iván Menéndez-Valle
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Bermejo-Millo
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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20
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He HQ, Qu YQ, Kwan Law BY, Qiu CL, Han Y, Ricardo de Seabra Rodrigues Dias I, Liu Y, Zhang J, Wu AG, Wu CW, Fai Mok SW, Cheng X, He YZ, Wai Wong VK. AGEs-Induced Calcification and Apoptosis in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is Reversed by Inhibition of Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:692431. [PMID: 34744705 PMCID: PMC8564286 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.692431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) in macrovascular and peripheral blood vessels is one of the main factors leading to diabetes mellitus (DM) and death. Apart from the induction of vascular calcification, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have also been reported to modulate autophagy and apoptosis in DM. Autophagy plays a role in maintaining the stabilization of the external and internal microenvironment. This process is vital for regulating arteriosclerosis. However, the internal mechanisms of this pathogenic process are still unclear. Besides, the relationship among autophagy, apoptosis, and calcification in HASMCs upon AGEs exposure has not been reported in detail. In this study, we established a calcification model of SMC through the intervention of AGEs. It was found that the calcification was upregulated in AGEs treated HASMCs when autophagy and apoptosis were activated. In the country, AGEs-activated calcification and apoptosis were suppressed in Atg7 knockout cells or pretreated with wortmannin (WM), an autophagy inhibitor. These results provide new insights to conduct further investigations on the potential clinical applications for autophagy inhibitors in the treatment of diabetes-related vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Qiang He
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Qu
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Macau, China
| | - Cong-Ling Qiu
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yu Han
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ivo Ricardo de Seabra Rodrigues Dias
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medical, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Wen Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Simon Wing Fai Mok
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Ya'an Polytechnic College, Ya'an, China
| | - Yan-Zheng He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Macau, China
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21
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Wang P, Li CG, Zhou X, Ding S. Transcription factor EB enhances autophagy and ameliorates palmitate-induced insulin resistance at least partly via upregulating AMPK activity in skeletal muscle cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:302-310. [PMID: 34614219 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the role of transcription factor EB (TFEB) in protecting C2C12 myotubes against palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance (IR) and explored its mechanism associated with autophagy. PA treatment significantly decreased insulin sensitivity in myotubes and downregulated TFEB protein expression. TFEB overexpression significantly reversed the PA-suppressed glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein expression and improved intracellular glucose uptake and consumption, and also alleviated the decrease of autophagy markers induced by PA. The effect of TFEB overexpression on GLUT4 was also abolished by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. In addition, AMPKɑ2-DN inhibited or abolished the effects of TFEB overexpression on upregulation of GLUT4 and PA-induced decrease of autophagy marker expressions. Taken together, our data demonstrated that upregulation of TFEB improved PA-induced IR in C2C12 myotubes by enhancing autophagy and upregulating AMPK activity. TFEB, as a critical regulator of glucose homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells, may be a potential therapeutic target for IR and Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- School of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,School of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Li X, Wan T, Li Y. Role of FoxO1 in regulating autophagy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:707. [PMID: 34007316 PMCID: PMC8120662 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major chronic disease that is characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular recycling pathway and is involved in regulating intracellular homeostasis. Transcription factor Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) also regulates fundamental cellular processes, including cell differentiation, metabolism and apoptosis, and proliferation to cellular stress. Increasing evidence suggest that autophagy and FoxO1 are involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM, including β-cell viability, apoptosis, insulin secretion and peripheral insulin resistance. Recent studies have demonstrated that FoxO1 improves insulin resistance by regulating target tissue autophagy. The present review summarizes current literature on the role of autophagy and FoxO1 in T2DM. The participation of FoxO1 in the development and occurrence of T2DM via autophagy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiudan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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23
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Rojas M, Chávez-Castillo M, Bautista J, Ortega Á, Nava M, Salazar J, Díaz-Camargo E, Medina O, Rojas-Quintero J, Bermúdez V. Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Pathophysiologic and pharmacotherapeutics links. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:745-766. [PMID: 34168725 PMCID: PMC8192246 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i6.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two highly prevalent disorders worldwide, especially among elderly individuals. T2DM appears to be associated with cognitive dysfunction, with a higher risk of developing neurocognitive disorders, including AD. These diseases have been observed to share various pathophysiological mechanisms, including alterations in insulin signaling, defects in glucose transporters (GLUTs), and mitochondrial dysfunctions in the brain. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms implicated in the association of these pathologies as well as recent therapeutic alternatives. In this context, the hyperphosphorylation of tau and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles have been associated with the dysfunction of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in the nervous tissues as well as the decrease in the expression of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 in the different areas of the brain, increase in reactive oxygen species, and production of mitochondrial alterations that occur in T2DM. These findings have contributed to the implementation of overlapping pharmacological interventions based on the use of insulin and antidiabetic drugs, or, more recently, azeliragon, amylin, among others, which have shown possible beneficial effects in diabetic patients diagnosed with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Mervin Chávez-Castillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Jordan Bautista
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Ángel Ortega
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Edgar Díaz-Camargo
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
| | - Oscar Medina
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02155, United States
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
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24
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Bastonini E, Kovacs D, Raffa S, Delle Macchie M, Pacifico A, Iacovelli P, Torrisi MR, Picardo M. A protective role for autophagy in vitiligo. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:318. [PMID: 33767135 PMCID: PMC7994839 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of studies supports the existence of a dynamic interplay between energetic metabolism and autophagy, whose induction represents an adaptive response against several stress conditions. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and a highly orchestrated catabolic recycling process that guarantees cellular homeostasis. To date, the exact role of autophagy in vitiligo pathogenesis is still not clear. Here, we provide the first evidence that autophagy occurs in melanocytes and fibroblasts from non-lesional skin of vitiligo patients, as a result of metabolic surveillance response. More precisely, this study is the first to reveal that induction of autophagy exerts a protective role against the intrinsic metabolic stress and attempts to antagonize degenerative processes in normal appearing vitiligo skin, where melanocytes and fibroblasts are already prone to premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Bastonini
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniela Kovacs
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Raffa
- Ultrastructural Pathology Lab., Medical Genetics and Advanced Cellular Diagnostics Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital & Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Delle Macchie
- Ultrastructural Pathology Lab., Medical Genetics and Advanced Cellular Diagnostics Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital & Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Pacifico
- Clinical Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Iacovelli
- Clinical Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Ultrastructural Pathology Lab., Medical Genetics and Advanced Cellular Diagnostics Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital & Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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25
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Chen P, Yao Z, He Z. Resveratrol protects against high glucose-induced oxidative damage in human lens epithelial cells by activating autophagy. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:440. [PMID: 33747177 PMCID: PMC7967869 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract, high glucose levels induce oxidative damage in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). Resveratrol has been demonstrated to be a potent antioxidant in various disease conditions; however, limited information is available on its effects on oxidative damage associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract in HLECs. The present study aimed to determine whether resveratrol prevents high glucose-induced oxidative damage to human lens epithelial cells by activating autophagy. In the present study, HLECs treated with high glucose were used as a cellular model of diabetic cataract and treated with resveratrol for 24 h. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Autophagy marker protein levels were determined by western blotting. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to analyze in vitro microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β (LC3B) protein expression. Autophagosome formation in HLECs was observed using transmission electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that high glucose suppressed HLEC viability and proliferation rate compared with normal glucose levels (5 mM), which were significantly reversed by resveratrol treatment. High glucose also increased the ROS content compared with ROS content in normal HLECs, which was reduced following resveratrol treatment. Further experiments demonstrated that resveratrol significantly reversed the high glucose-decreased protein levels of LC3II and beclin-1 proteins and the high glucose-increased protein levels of LC3I and p62 in HLECs. In conclusion, resveratrol inhibited the high glucose-induced oxidative damage in HLECs by promoting autophagy through the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. These results provide a theoretical basis for the application of resveratrol in diabetic cataract prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028006, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Medical College, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028006, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui He
- Medical College, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028006, P.R. China
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26
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Synergistic Effects of Milk-Derived Exosomes and Galactose on α-Synuclein Pathology in Parkinson's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031059. [PMID: 33494388 PMCID: PMC7865729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies associate milk consumption with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). PD is an α-synucleinopathy associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, deficient lysosomal clearance of α-synuclein (α-syn) and aggregation of misfolded α-syn. In T2D, α-syn promotes co-aggregation with islet amyloid polypeptide in pancreatic β-cells. Prion-like vagal nerve-mediated propagation of exosomal α-syn from the gut to the brain and pancreatic islets apparently link both pathologies. Exosomes are critical transmitters of α-syn from cell to cell especially under conditions of compromised autophagy. This review provides translational evidence that milk exosomes (MEX) disturb α-syn homeostasis. MEX are taken up by intestinal epithelial cells and accumulate in the brain after oral administration to mice. The potential uptake of MEX miRNA-148a and miRNA-21 by enteroendocrine cells in the gut, dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and pancreatic β-cells may enhance miRNA-148a/DNMT1-dependent overexpression of α-syn and impair miRNA-148a/PPARGC1A- and miRNA-21/LAMP2A-dependent autophagy driving both diseases. MiRNA-148a- and galactose-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress activate c-Abl-mediated aggregation of α-syn which is exported by exosome release. Via the vagal nerve and/or systemic exosomes, toxic α-syn may spread to dopaminergic neurons and pancreatic β-cells linking the pathogenesis of PD and T2D.
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27
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Xiong Z, Xu J, Liu X. Oxymatrine exerts a protective effect in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion‑induced acute lung injury by inhibiting autophagy in diabetic rats. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:183. [PMID: 33398371 PMCID: PMC7809908 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT) is the primary active component of Sophora flavescens Ait., and is widely used for the treatment of diabetic complications. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of OMT on acute lung injury (ALI) in diabetic rats subjected to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). ALI in a myocardial I/R model was established in streptozocin‑induced diabetic rats. Enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assays were used to evaluate the levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB and lactate dehydrogenase, and the inflammatory response was assessed via leukocyte counts and the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, interleukin (IL)‑6 and IL‑8 in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to determine pathological changes to the lung tissue, and the autophagy‑related proteins LC‑3II/LC‑3I, Beclin‑1, autophagy protein 5 (Atg5) and p62 were detected by western blotting. Diabetic rats subjected to myocardial I/R showed increased levels of ALI with a higher lung injury score and WET/DRY ratio, and lower partial pressure of oxygen. This was accompanied by aberrant autophagy, indicated by an increased LC‑3II/LC‑3I ratio, decreased p62 expression levels, increased Atg5 and beclin‑1 expression levels, decreased superoxide dismutase activity and increased 15‑F2t‑isoprostane formation in lung tissues, as well as increased levels of leukocytes, TNF‑α, IL‑6 and IL‑8 in the BAL fluid. Administration of the autophagy inducer rapamycin significantly accelerated these alterations, while the autophagy inhibitor 3‑Methyladenine exerted the opposite effects. These results indicated that diabetic lungs are more vulnerable to myocardial I/R, which was associated with aberrant autophagy. Furthermore, oxymatrine was observed to reverse and alleviate ALI in diabetic rats with myocardial I/R in a concentration‑dependent manner, the mechanism of which may be associated with the inhibition of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiong
- Department of Children's Health Care, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, P.R. China
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28
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Herlea-Pana O, Eeda V, Undi RB, Lim HY, Wang W. Pharmacological Inhibition of Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1α RNase Activity Protects Pancreatic Beta Cell and Improves Diabetic Condition in Insulin Mutation-Induced Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:749879. [PMID: 34675883 PMCID: PMC8524045 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.749879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
β-cell ER stress plays an important role in β-cell dysfunction and death during the pathogenesis of diabetes. Proinsulin misfolding is regarded as one of the primary initiating factors of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation in β-cells. Here, we found that the ER stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) was activated in the Akita mice, a mouse model of mutant insulin gene-induced diabetes of youth (MIDY), a monogenic diabetes. Normalization of IRE1α RNase hyperactivity by pharmacological inhibitors significantly ameliorated the hyperglycemic conditions and increased serum insulin levels in Akita mice. These benefits were accompanied by a concomitant protection of functional β-cell mass, as shown by the suppression of β-cell apoptosis, increase in mature insulin production and reduction of proinsulin level. At the molecular level, we observed that the expression of genes associated with β-cell identity and function was significantly up-regulated and ER stress and its associated inflammation and oxidative stress were suppressed in islets from Akita mice treated with IRE1α RNase inhibitors. This study provides the evidence of the in vivo efficacy of IRE1α RNase inhibitors in Akita mice, pointing to the possibility of targeting IRE1α RNase as a therapeutic direction for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Herlea-Pana
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Venkateswararao Eeda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ram Babu Undi
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Hui-Ying Lim
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Weidong Wang, , orcid.org/0000-0003-3619-0953
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29
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Huang M, Yang X, Wang Z, Long J, Wang A, Zhang Y, Yan D. Lipophagy: A New Perspective of Natural Products in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2985-2999. [PMID: 34234495 PMCID: PMC8256822 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s310166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been reported to involve in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which protects the insulin target tissues and pancreatic β-cells. However, autophagy is inhibited when the cells are lipid overload. That, in turn, increases the accumulation of fat. Lipotoxicity caused by excessive lipid accumulation contributes to pathogenesis of T2DM. Therefore, it is undeniable to break the vicious circles between lipid excess and autophagy deficiency. Lipophagy, a selective form of autophagy, is characterized by selective breakdown of lipid droplets (LDs). The nutritional status of cells contributes to the way of autophagy (selective or non-selective), while selective autophagy helps to accurately remove excess substances. It seems that lipophagy could be an effective means to decrease abnormal lipid accumulation that leads to insulin resistance and β-cell impairment by removing ectopic LDs. Based on this process, many natural compounds have been reported to decrease lipid accumulation in tissues through autophagy-lysosomal pathway, which gradually highlights the significance of lipophagy. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that lipophagy improves T2DM and natural products that are applied to induce lipophagy. It is also suggested that natural herbs with rich contents of natural products inducing lipophagy would be potential candidates for alleviating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianglan Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, 401121, People’s Republic of China
- Yi Zhang Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, No. 1, Chunlan 2nd Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401121, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 23-86072771 Email
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dan Yan Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 10-63139318 Email
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30
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Li J, Lin FH, Zhu XM, Lv ZM. Impact of diabetic hyperglycaemia and insulin therapy on autophagy and impairment in rat epididymis. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13889. [PMID: 33125789 DOI: 10.1111/and.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood glucose dysregulation and hyperglycaemia caused by diabetes mellitus are intimately associated with male infertility. Two-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection to induce type I diabetes mellitus (DM group). The treatment group was given 1 unit/day of insulin for 16 weeks (INS group). The normal control group (NC group) was given food ad libitum. In the DM group, the histological analysis of caput and cauda epididymal ducts showed broken stereocilia and more lipid vacuolisations in the principal cells. The interstitial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in epididymal tissues. Transmission electron microscopy observation showed that the principal cells in the DM group contained more vacuoles, partly lost stereocilia, and swollen mitochondria. The autophagosomes were observed as well. Western blotting results of LC3II/I and P62 protein expression indicated that autophagy was downregulated in the DM group. The total antioxidant activity and GPx5 expression of epididymal tissues were also decreased. In the INS group, significant improvements were observed in epididymal tissues. Our study suggests that diabetic hyperglycaemia causes autophagy dysregulation in epididymal tissues, which may play a role in diabetes-induced rat epididymal injury. Insulin treatment is beneficial for diabetic-associated epididymal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan-Hong Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zheng-Mei Lv
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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31
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Yang S, Qu Y, Zhang H, Xue Z, Liu T, Yang L, Sun L, Zhou Y, Fan Y. Hypoglycemic effects of polysaccharides from Gomphidiaceae rutilus fruiting bodies and their mechanisms. Food Funct 2020; 11:424-434. [PMID: 31828269 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02283j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the main cause of type 2 diabetes, fatty liver and obesity. Our previous study found that mushroom polysaccharides improved insulin resistance in vitro, but the underlying mechanisms were still unknown. Thus, we investigate the hypoglycemic effects of polysaccharides from Gomphidiaceae rutilus fruiting bodies and their mechanisms. The total polysaccharides (AGRP) from Gomphidiaceae rutilus fruiting bodies and the neutral polysaccharide (AGRP-N) fraction both enhance insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in an autophagy-dependent manner in high glucose and fatty acid-treated hepatic cells, but not the acidic polysaccharide (AGRP-A) fraction. Further, we elucidate the oral hypoglycemic effects of polysaccharides on ob/ob mice. AGRP and AGRP-N lower blood glucose and improve insulin sensitivity. They inhibit liver lipid deposition, not only by activating AMPK to increase autophagy but also by increasing the expressions of PPARα and CPT-1a to enhance lipolysis. Our results provide a basis for the development of polysaccharides from Gomphidiaceae rutilus as a hypoglycemic healthy food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China.
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Rocha M, Apostolova N, Diaz-Rua R, Muntane J, Victor VM. Mitochondria and T2D: Role of Autophagy, ER Stress, and Inflammasome. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:725-741. [PMID: 32265079 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the main current threats to human health. Both T2D and its numerous clinical complications are related to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Over the past decade, great progress has been made in extending our knowledge about the signaling events regulated by mitochondria. However, the links among mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and activation of the inflammasome still need to be clarified. In light of this deficit, we aim to provide a review of the existing literature concerning the complicated crosstalk between mitochondrial impairment, autophagy, ER stress, and the inflammasome in the molecular pathogenesis of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Ruben Diaz-Rua
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntane
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital 'Virgen del Rocío'/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Department of General Surgery, University Hospital 'Virgen del Rocío'/CSIC/University of Seville/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Dysregulated Autophagy Mediates Sarcopenic Obesity and Its Complications via AMPK and PGC1α Signaling Pathways: Potential Involvement of Gut Dysbiosis as a Pathological Link. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186887. [PMID: 32961822 PMCID: PMC7555990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SOB), which is closely related to being elderly as a feature of aging, is recently gaining attention because it is associated with many other age-related diseases that present as altered intercellular communication, dysregulated nutrient sensing, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Along with insulin resistance and inflammation as the core pathogenesis of SOB, autophagy has recently gained attention as a significant mechanism of muscle aging in SOB. Known as important cellular metabolic regulators, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathways play an important role in autophagy, inflammation, and insulin resistance, as well as mutual communication between skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver. Furthermore, AMPK and PGC-1α signaling pathways are implicated in the gut microbiome-muscle axis. In this review, we describe the pathological link between SOB and its associated complications such as metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver disease, falls and fractures, osteoarthritis, pulmonary disease, and mental health via dysregulated autophagy controlled by AMPK and/or PGC-1α signaling pathways. Here, we propose potential treatments for SOB by modulating autophagy activity and gut dysbiosis based on plausible pathological links.
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Yuan MJ, Wang T. The new mechanism of Ghrelin/GHSR-1a on autophagy regulation. Peptides 2020; 126:170264. [PMID: 31981593 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is associated with several diseases. In recent years, accumulating evidence has suggested that ghrelin pathway exerts a protective effect by regulating autophagy. This review aims to assess the potential role and use of ghrelin as a new treatment for obesity, cardiovascular diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NFALD), neurodegenerative diseases, and tissue damage associated with autophagy. Ghrelin reduces the basal expression of autophagy-related genes in obesity-associated type 2 diabetes and ghrelin level changes in obesity, heart failure, and NFALD as well as altered autophagy. Ghrelin and its receptor GHSR-1 activation induce the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the induction of PI-3 kinase (PI3 K) and phosphorylation of Akt. In the myocardium and hypothalamic NPY/AgRP neurons, ghrelin increases levels of the intracellular energy sensor AMPK and enhances autophagy, protecting cardiac ischemia and inducing neural stem cells. Nonetheless, ghrelin activates the PI3 K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway and inhibits the activation of autophagy, such as tissues injured by sepsis or doxorubicin. In conclusion, endogenous ghrelin system could be considered as a new target or treatment for metabolism disorders, cardiac diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and tissue injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Jiefang Road 238, Wuchang, 430060 Wuhan, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Tuohetaerbaike B, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Zhang NN, Kang J, Mao X, Zhang Y, Li X. Pancreas protective effects of Urolithin A on type 2 diabetic mice induced by high fat and streptozotocin via regulating autophagy and AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112479. [PMID: 31846746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Urolithin A (UroA), the main intestinal microflora metabolite of ellagic acid of berries, pomegranate,and some other traditional chinese herbals such as emblica officinalis,etc,has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-tumor and pro-autophagy effects. AIM OF THE STUDY This study evaluated the anti-diabetic and pancreas-protective effects of UroA using a mice model of type 2 diabetes and preliminarily explored its effect on autophagy as well as the mechanism involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Type 2 diabetes model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD; 60% energy as fat) and low-dose streptozotocin (85 mg/kg) injection. Mice were administered with UroA (50 mg/kg/d) alone or UroA-chloroquine (autophagy inhibitor) combination for 8 weeks. RESULTS UroA improved symptoms of diabetic mice such as high water intake volume, high urine volume, significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG), after-glucose-loading glucose, glycated hemoglobin (GHb) levels, plasma C-peptide, malondialdehyde (MDA) and interleukin-1 β level, increased reduced glutathione (GSH), interleukin-10 content, and glucose tolerance. UroA also improved pancreatic function indexes such as HOMA-β as evidenced by improved pathological and ultrastructural features of the pancreas assessed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Accordingly, UroA decreased mitochondrial swelling and myelin-like cytoplasmic inclusions. UroA significantly upregulated the protein levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3II) and beclin1, downregulated sequestosome 1 (p62) accompanied by decreased expression of apoptotic protein cleaved caspase3 in pancreas of diabetic mice. In addition, it increased the phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (p-Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR). Most of these effects of UroA were reversed by treatment with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the pancreas protective effects of UroA against diabetes were partially mediated by its regulation of autophagy and AKT/mTOR signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahetibieke Tuohetaerbaike
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Military General Hospital, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Yali Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, PR China
| | - Nan Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, PR China
| | - Jinsen Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, PR China
| | - Xinmin Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, PR China
| | - Yanzhi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, PR China.
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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Zhu Y, Qian X, Li J, Lin X, Luo J, Huang J, Jin Z. Astragaloside-IV protects H9C2(2-1) cardiomyocytes from high glucose-induced injury via miR-34a-mediated autophagy pathway. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:4172-4181. [PMID: 31713440 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1687492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cardiac disorder in patients with diabetes. High glucose (HG) levels lead to inflammation of cardiomyocytes, oxidative stress, and long-term activation of autophagy, resulting in myocardial fibrosis and remodelling. Astragaloside-IV (AS-IV) has a wide range of pharmacological effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AS-IV on injury induced by HG in rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2(2-1)) and the involvement of the miR-34a-mediated autophagy pathway. An AS-IV concentration of 100 μM was selected based on H9C2(2-1) cell viability using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). We found that 33 mM HG induced a morphologic change in cells and caused excessive oxidative stress, whereas AS-IV inhibited lipid peroxidation and increased superoxide dismutase activity. In terms of mRNA expression, HG increased miR-34a and inhibited Bcl2 and Sirt1, whereas AS-IV and miR-34a-inhibitor reversed the above effects. Further, LC3-GFP adenovirus infection and western blotting showed that HG increased autophagy, which was reversed synergistically by AS-IV and miR-34a-inhibitor. Bcl2 and pAKT/AKT protein expressions in the HG group was significantly lower than that in controls, but AS-IV and miR-34a-inhibitor antagonized the process. Thus, AS-IV inhibits HG-induced oxidative stress and autophagy and protects cardiomyocytes from injury via the miR-34a/Bcl2/(LC3II/LC3I) and pAKT/Bcl2/(LC3II/LC3I) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaobin Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Qian
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xing Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiewei Luo
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
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Sun X, Wang D, Zhang T, Lu X, Duan F, Ju L, Zhuang X, Jiang X. Eugenol Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Enhancing Autophagy via AMPK-mTOR-P70S6K Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:84. [PMID: 32153404 PMCID: PMC7047211 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eugenol, as an active compound isolated from Acorus gramineus, has been shown to protect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Nonetheless, the detailed neuroprotective mechanisms of eugenol in cerebral I/R injury have not been elaborated. In the present study, cerebral I/R injury model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. HT22 cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to mimic cerebral I/R injury in vitro. The results showed that eugenol pre-treatment relieved cerebral I/R injury as evidenced by improving neurological deficits and reducing infarct volume. Autophagy was induced by MCAO, which was further promoted by eugenol administration. Moreover, rapamycin, an activator of autophagy, promoted eugenol-induced decreases in neurological score, infarct volume, brain water content, and apoptosis. However, pretreatment with 3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagy, led to the opposite results. Similarly, eugenol pretreatment increased the viability and restrained apoptosis of OGD/R-challenged HT22 cells. OGD/R-induced autophagy was strengthened by eugenol. Mechanically, eugenol promoted autophagy through regulating AMPK/mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, pretreatment with eugenol attenuated cerebral I/R injury by inducing autophagy via AMPK/mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejian Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine Clinical Foundation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Fangfang Duan
- Department of Chinese Medicine Clinical Foundation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Ju
- Department of Chinese Medicine Clinical Foundation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhuang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Clinical Foundation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xicheng Jiang
- Department of Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Flavonoids and type 2 diabetes: Evidence of efficacy in clinical and animal studies and delivery strategies to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104629. [PMID: 31918019 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder develops due to the overproduction of free radicals where oxidative stress could contribute it. Possible factors are defective insulin signals, glucose oxidation, and degradation of glycated proteins as well as alteration in glutathione metabolism which induced hyperglycemia. Previous studies revealed a link between T2DM with oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance which are assumed to be regulated by numerous cellular networks such as NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, GSK3 and PPARγ. Flavonoids are ubiquitously present in the nature and classified according to their chemical structures for example, flavonols, flavones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, flavanones, and isoflavones. Flavonoids indicate poor bioavailability which could be improved by employing various nano-delivery systems against the occurrences of T2DM. These bioactive compounds exert versatile anti-diabetic activities via modulating targeted cellular signaling networks, thereby, improving glucose metabolism, α -glycosidase, and glucose transport or aldose reductase by carbohydrate metabolic pathway in pancreatic β-cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes and skeletal myofibres. Moreover, anti-diabetic properties of flavonoids also encounter diabetic related complications. This review article has designed to shed light on the anti-diabetic potential of flavonoids, contribution of oxidative stress, evidence of efficacy in clinical, cellular and animal studies and nano-delivery approaches to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. This article might give some new insights for therapeutic intervention against T2DM in near future.
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Ala M, Jafari RM, Dehpour AR. Diabetes Mellitus and Osteoporosis Correlation: Challenges and Hopes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:984-1001. [PMID: 32208120 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200324152517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and osteoporosis are two common diseases with different complications. Despite different therapeutic strategies, managing these diseases and reducing their burden have not been satisfactory, especially when they appear one after the other. In this review, we aimed to clarify the similarity, common etiology and possible common adjunctive therapies of these two major diseases and designate the known molecular pattern observed in them. Based on different experimental findings, we want to illuminate that interestingly similar pathways lead to diabetes and osteoporosis. Meanwhile, there are a few drugs involved in the treatment of both diseases, which most of the time act in the same line but sometimes with opposing results. Considering the correlation between diabetes and osteoporosis, more efficient management of both diseases, in conditions of concomitant incidence or cause and effect condition, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
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Fu H, Liu S, Bastacky SI, Wang X, Tian XJ, Zhou D. Diabetic kidney diseases revisited: A new perspective for a new era. Mol Metab 2019; 30:250-263. [PMID: 31767176 PMCID: PMC6838932 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. As the most common microvascular complication of diabetes, DKD is a thorny, clinical problem in terms of its diagnosis and management. Intensive glucose control in DKD could slow down but not significantly halt disease progression. Revisiting the tremendous advances that have occurred in the field would enhance recognition of DKD pathogenesis as well as improve our understanding of translational science in DKD in this new era. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize advances in the understanding of the local microenvironmental changes in diabetic kidneys and discuss the involvement of genetic and epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of DKD. We also review DKD prevalence changes and analyze the challenges in optimizing the diagnostic approaches and management strategies for DKD in the clinic. As we enter the era of 'big data', we also explore the possibility of linking systems biology with translational medicine in DKD in the current healthcare system. MAJOR CONCLUSION Newer understanding of the structural changes of diabetic kidneys and mechanisms of DKD pathogenesis, as well as emergent research technologies will shed light on new methods of dealing with the existing clinical challenges of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sheldon I Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiao-Jun Tian
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Ye X, Shen Y, Ni C, Ye J, Xin Y, Zhang W, Ren Y. Irisin reverses insulin resistance in C2C12 cells via the p38-MAPK-PGC-1α pathway. Peptides 2019; 119:170120. [PMID: 31351089 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a fundamental pathogenic factor shared by a myriad of metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of IR is usually accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. Irisin has been proposed to act as a hormone in the regulation of energy homeostasis and metabolism. However, the effects of irisin on IR and mitochondrial function have not yet been fully investigated. Here, our research shows that irisin increases glucose uptake in C2C12 myoblast cells via the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-PGC-1α pathway. Irisin can also enhance mitochondrial function and mitochondrial respiration. Moreover, irisin stimulates autophagy via PGC-1α. Collectively, these data provide basic evidence to support the therapeutic potential of irisin for IR, which may rely on p38-MAPK-PGC-1α pathway activation and enhance mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - YiMin Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yubo Xin
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - YueZhong Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Li D, Liu GQ, Lu PR. High glucose: activating autophagy and affecting the biological behavior of human lens epithelial cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1061-1066. [PMID: 31341793 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.07.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To clarify the effect of autophagy on human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) under high glucose conditions. METHODS HLECs were cultured with different concentrations of glucose and 3-methyladenine (3-MA); the expression of autophagy-related protein LC3B was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence histochemistry. The migration of HLECs was quantified by scratch wound assay and the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Compared with 5 mmol/L normal glucose treatment, 40 mmol/L glucose treatment can significantly increase the generation of autophagosome in HLECs, which could be inhibited by 0.375 mmol/L 3-MA treatment. The migration of HLECs and the expression of TGF-β in HLECs induced by high glucose were significantly suppressed by 0.375 mmol/L 3-MA treatment. CONCLUSION Autophagy promotes HLECs cell migration and increases the expression of TGF-β after exposed to high glucose, which may relate to the development of diabetic cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gao-Qin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pei-Rong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
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Ashrafizadeh M, Yaribeygi H, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A. Effects of newly introduced antidiabetic drugs on autophagy. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2445-2449. [PMID: 31405658 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that has a complex molecular and cellular pathophysiology, resulting in its dynamic progression and that may show differing responses to therapy. The incidence of diabetes mellitus increases with age and requires additive therapeutic agents for its management. SGLT2i and DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are newly introduced antidiabetic drugs that work through differing mechanisms; DPP-4 inhibitors maintain the endogenous level of GLP1; GLP-1RA result in pharmacological levels of GLP1, whilst SGLT2i act on the proximal tubules of the kidney. They have shown efficacy in the management of diabetes and in contrast to other antidiabetic drugs, do not inherently cause hypoglycemia in therapeutic doses. Autophagy as a highly conserved mechanism to maintain cell survival and homeostasis by degradation of damaged or aged organelles and components, and recognised to be increasingly important in diabetes. In the present review, we discuss the modulatory effects of these newly introduced antidiabetic drugs on the autophagy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Guo T, Liu T, Sun Y, Liu X, Xiong R, Li H, Li Z, Zhang Z, Tian Z, Tian Y. Sonodynamic therapy inhibits palmitate-induced beta cell dysfunction via PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:457. [PMID: 31186419 PMCID: PMC6560035 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the overload of glucose and lipids can promote oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and contribute to the failure of beta cells. However, therapies that can modulate the function of beta cells and thus prevent their failure have not been well explored. In this study, beta cell injury model was established with palmitic acid (PA) to simulate the lipotoxicity (high-fat diet) found in T2DM. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a novel physicochemical treatment, was applied to treat injured beta cells. We found that SDT had specific effects on mitochondria and induced transient large amount of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in beta cells. SDT also improved the morphology and function of abnormal mitochondria, inhibited inflammatory response and reduced beta cell dysfunction. The improvement of mitochondria was mediated by PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Additionally, SDT rescued the transcription of PINK1 mRNA which was blocked by PA treatment, thus providing abundant PINK1 for mitophagy. Moreover, SDT also increased insulin secretion from beta cells. The protective effects of SDT were abrogated when mitophagy was inhibited by cyclosporin A (CsA). In summary, SDT potently inhibits lipotoxicity-induced beta cell failure via PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy, providing theoretical guidance for T2DM treatment in aspects of islet protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Tianyang Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xianna Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Rongguo Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Laboratory of Photo- and Sono-theranostic Technologies and Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Key Laboratory of Acoustic Photoelectric Magnetic Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Key Laboratory of Acoustic Photoelectric Magnetic Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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45
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Endothelial cell-derived small extracellular vesicles suppress cutaneous wound healing through regulating fibroblasts autophagy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:CS20190008. [PMID: 30988132 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer is a life-threatening clinical problem in diabetic patients. Endothelial cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication in the pathogenesis of several diseases. However, the exact mechanisms of wound healing mediated by endothelial cell-derived sEVs remain unclear. sEVs were isolated from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) pretreated with or without advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The roles of HUVEC-derived sEVs on the biological characteristics of skin fibroblasts were investigated both in vitro and in vivo We demonstrate that sEVs derived from AGEs-pretreated HUVECs (AGEs-sEVs) could inhibit collagen synthesis by activating autophagy of human skin fibroblasts. Additionally, treatment with AGEs-sEVs could delay the wound healing process in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Further analysis indicated that miR-106b-5p was up-regulated in AGEs-sEVs and importantly, in exudate-derived sEVs from patients with diabetic foot ulcer. Consequently, sEV-mediated uptake of miR-106b-5p in recipient fibroblasts reduces expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), resulting in fibroblasts autophagy activation and subsequent collagen degradation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that miR-106b-5p could be enriched in AGEs-sEVs, then decreases collagen synthesis and delays cutaneous wound healing by triggering fibroblasts autophagy through reducing ERK1/2 expression.
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46
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Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor Agonist C21 Ameliorates the High-Fat Diet-Induced Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction Partially by Activation of Antiapoptosis and Autophagy. Pancreas 2019; 48:250-256. [PMID: 30629032 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to investigate whether C21, a selective angiotensin type 2 receptor agonist, can exert protective effects on pancreatic β-cells through activation of antiapoptosis and autophagy. METHODS The high-fat diet-induced obese rats (HFDs) were under C21 treatment for 4 weeks. RESULTS C21 treatment decreased the fasting glucose levels and improved β-cell insulin secretory function in the HFD group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and electron microscopy indicated that the islet morphology was improved in the C21-treated obese rats, which was associated with increased levels of the key transcription factor PDX1, glucose sensing, and uptaking protein GCK and GLUT2, respectively. C21 treatment exerted antiapoptotic effects through decreasing the levels of apoptotic marker Caspase-3 while increasing the levels of antiapoptotic markers AKT, p-AKT, and BCL2. C21 treatment also induced autophagosome formation in the mitochondria of the β-cells in the HFD group accompanied by increased levels of autophagy markers, LC-3B and Beclin-1. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested C21 treatment decreased the fasting glucose level and protected β-cell function in the HFD-induced obese rat model, which in part through activation of antiapoptotic and autophagy processes. This study provided preclinical evidence for the utilization of C21 in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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47
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Li L, Xue J, Wan J, Zhou Q, Wang S, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Wang X. LRP6 Knockdown Ameliorates Insulin Resistance via Modulation of Autophagy by Regulating GSK3β Signaling in Human LO2 Hepatocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:73. [PMID: 30809197 PMCID: PMC6379257 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that autophagy is highly involved in insulin resistance (IR). Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway induces autophagy activation. Additionally, depletion of LRP6 has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity but its mechanism is still not clear. We hypothesized that LRP6 contributes to IR by regulating mTOR mediated autophagy through GSK3β in hepatocytes. LO2 hepatocytes were treated with palmitate (PA) and insulin to induced IR. Levels of LRP6 mRNA and protein expression were measured by real time-PCR and western blot analysis. LRP6 knock down was achieved by adenovirus mediated Si-LRP6 expression and its roles in IR, glucose, GSK3β, mTOR signaling, and autophagy were explored. Finally, GSK3β was overexpressed and its involvement in autophagy and IR was examined. We found that PA treatment led to a reduced glucose uptake and IR in hepatocytes, which was accompanied by an upregulation of LRP6 expression. Knocking down of LRP6 enhanced glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in PA treated cells, probably through increasing GSK3b activity. Overexpression of GSK3b mimicked LRP6 reduction by enhancing autophagy and ameliorating IR. Our study revealed a significant molecular mechanism connecting LRP6 to insulin sensitivity through GSK3β-mTOR mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jipeng Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Heyong Zhao
- Maternal and Child Health Care of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Heyong Zhao
| | - Xietong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Maternal and Child Health Care of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Jinan, China
- Xietong Wang
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Yin J, Ren W, Chen S, Li Y, Han H, Gao J, Liu G, Wu X, Li T, Woo Kim S, Yin Y. Metabolic Regulation of Methionine Restriction in Diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700951. [PMID: 29603632 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the effects of dietary methionine restriction have been investigated in the physiology of aging and diseases related to oxidative stress, the relationship between methionine restriction (MR) and the development of metabolic disorders has not been explored extensively. This review summarizes studies of the possible involvement of dietary methionine restriction in improving insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and inflammation, with an emphasis on the fibroblast growth factor 21 and protein phosphatase 2A signals and autophagy in diabetes. Diets deficient in methionine may be a useful nutritional strategy in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product, Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Hui Han
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, PR, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, PR, China
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, PR, China
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Abstract
Sepsis was known to ancient Greeks since the time of great physician Hippocrates (460-377 BC) without exact information regarding its pathogenesis. With time and medical advances, it is now considered as a condition associated with organ dysfunction occurring in the presence of systemic infection as a result of dysregulation of the immune response. Still with this advancement, we are struggling for the development of target-based therapeutic approach for the management of sepsis. The advancement in understanding the immune system and its working has led to novel discoveries in the last 50 years, including different pattern recognition receptors. Inflammasomes are also part of these novel discoveries in the field of immunology which are <20 years old in terms of their first identification. They serve as important cytosolic pattern recognition receptors required for recognizing cytosolic pathogens, and their pathogen-associated molecular patterns play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. The activation of both canonical and non-canonical inflammasome signaling pathways is involved in mounting a proinflammatory immune response via regulating the generation of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33 cytokines and pyroptosis. In addition to pathogens and their pathogen-associated molecular patterns, death/damage-associated molecular patterns and other proinflammatory molecules involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis affect inflammasomes and vice versa. Thus, the present review is mainly focused on the inflammasomes, their role in the regulation of immune response associated with sepsis, and their targeting as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,
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50
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Yang X, Xue P, Liu X, Xu X, Chen Z. HMGB1/autophagy pathway mediates the atrophic effect of TGF-β1 in denervated skeletal muscle. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:97. [PMID: 30526602 PMCID: PMC6286536 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a classical modulator of skeletal muscle and regulates several processes, such as myogenesis, regeneration and muscle function in skeletal muscle diseases. Skeletal muscle atrophy, characterized by the loss of muscle strength and mass, is one of the pathological conditions regulated by TGF-β1, but the underlying mechanism involved in the atrophic effects of TGF-β1 is not fully understood. Methods Mice sciatic nerve transection model was created and gastrocnemius were analysed by western blot, immunofluorescence staining and fibre diameter quantification after 2 weeks. Exogenous TGF-β1 was administrated and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), autophagy were blocked by siRNA and chloroquine (CQ) respectively to explore the mechanism of the atrophic effect of TGF-β1 in denervated muscle. Similar methods were performed in C2C12 cells. Results We found that TGF-β1 was induced in denervated muscle and it could promote atrophy of skeletal muscle both in vivo and in vitro, up-regulated HMGB1 and increased autophagy activity were also detected in denervated muscle and were further promoted by exogenous TGF-β1. The atrophic effect of TGF-β1 could be inhibited when HMGB1/autophagy pathway was blocked. Conclusions Thus, our data revealed that TGF-β1 is a vital regulatory factor in denervated skeletal muscle in which HMGB1/ autophagy pathway mediates the atrophic effect of TGF-β1. Our findings confirmed a new pathway in denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and it may be a novel therapeutic target for patients with muscle atrophy after peripheral nerve injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0310-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Pingping Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People's Hospital of Hanchuan, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hanchuan, 432300, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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