1
|
Ulusoy Ş, İnal E, Küpeli Akkol E, Çiçek M, Kartal M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Evaluation of the anti-obesity effect of Sambucus nigra L. (elderberry) and Vitex agnus-castus L. (chasteberry) extracts in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1410854. [PMID: 39055496 PMCID: PMC11269222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1410854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of S. nigra L. and V. agnus-castus L. plants on obesity in vivo. Extracts were prepared from S. nigra leaves, flowers, fruits and from V. agnus-castus leaves, flowers, and fruits using 100% water and 70% ethanol. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of the extracts were quantified spectrophotometrically. The findings revealed that the ethanol extracts of V. agnus-castus and S. nigra flowers had the highest phenolic content, while the ethanol extracts of S. nigra flowers and V. agnus-castus leaves had the highest flavonoid content. Qualification and quantification of the phenolic contents of the extracts were carried out using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analyses. The study investigated the effects of various extracts on plasma levels of leptin, insulin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lipase enzyme in obesity-induced rats. The results showed that the ethanol extract of V. agnus-castus flowers, as well as the ethanol and water extracts of V. agnus-castus leaves, resulted in body weight reduction in rats with obesity. Additionally, these extracts were found to decrease serum levels of LDL, triglycerides, leptin, lipase, TNF-α, and IL-1β while increasing levels of HDL and adiponectin. The LC-HRMS results demonstrated that all three extracts exhibited relatively high concentrations of luteolin-7-glycoside and kaempferol, in comparison to the other extracts. The ethanol extract of V. agnus-castus flowers contained 653.04 mg/100 g of luteolin-7-glycoside and 62.63 mg/100 g of kaempferol. The ethanol extract of V. agnus-castus leaves contained 1,720.26 mg/100 g of luteolin-7-glycoside and 95.85 mg/100 g of kaempferol. The water extract of V. agnus-castus leaves contained 690.49 mg/100 g of luteolin-7-glycoside and 194.41 mg/100 g of kaempferol. The study suggests that the ethanol extract of V. agnus-castus flowers and leaves, as well as the water extract of V. agnus-castus leaves, may have potential benefits in treating obesity. However, further controlled clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical efficacy of V. agnus-castus in treating obesity and investigate the in vivo anti-obesogenic effects of luteolin-7-glycoside and kaempferol separately, both in their pure form and in combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma Ulusoy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ebrar İnal
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Mahmut Çiçek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Murat Kartal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Bezmialem Center of Education, Practice, and Research in Phytotherapy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao XY, Wang JQ, Neely GG, Shi YC, Wang QP. Natural compounds as obesity pharmacotherapies. Phytother Res 2024; 38:797-838. [PMID: 38083970 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has become a serious global public health problem, affecting over 988 million people worldwide. Nevertheless, current pharmacotherapies have proven inadequate. Natural compounds have garnered significant attention due to their potential antiobesity effects. Over the past three decades, ca. 50 natural compounds have been evaluated for the preventive and/or therapeutic effects on obesity in animals and humans. However, variations in the antiobesity efficacies among these natural compounds have been substantial, owing to differences in experimental designs, including variations in animal models, dosages, treatment durations, and administration methods. The feasibility of employing these natural compounds as pharmacotherapies for obesity remained uncertain. In this review, we systematically summarized the antiobesity efficacy and mechanisms of action of each natural compound in animal models. This comprehensive review furnishes valuable insights for the development of antiobesity medications based on natural compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ashour MM, Mabrouk M, Aboelnasr MA, Beherei HH, Tohamy KM, Das DB. Anti-Obesity Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Progress and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2635. [PMID: 38004612 PMCID: PMC10674714 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached an epidemic proportion in the last thirty years, and it is recognized as a major health issue in modern society now with the possibility of serious social and economic consequences. By the year 2030, nearly 60% of the global population may be obese or overweight, which emphasizes a need for novel obesity treatments. Various traditional approaches, such as pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery, have been utilized in clinical settings to treat obesity. However, these methods frequently show the possibility of side effects while remaining ineffective. There is, therefore, an urgent need for alternative obesity treatments with improved efficacy and specificity. Polymeric materials and chemical strategies are employed in emerging drug delivery systems (DDSs) to enhance therapy effectiveness and specificity by stabilizing and controlling the release of active molecules such as natural ingredients. Designing DDSs is currently a top priority research objective with an eye towards creating obesity treatment approaches. In reality, the most recent trends in the literature demonstrate that there are not enough in-depth reviews that emphasize the current knowledge based on the creation and design of DDSs for obesity treatment. It is also observed in the existing literature that a complex interplay of different physical and chemical parameters must be considered carefully to determine the effectiveness of the DDSs, including microneedles, for obesity treatment. Additionally, it is observed that these properties depend on how the DDS is synthesized. Although many studies are at the animal-study stage, the use of more advanced DDS techniques would significantly enhance the development of safe and efficient treatment approaches for obese people in the future. Considering these, this review provides an overview of the current anti-obesity treatment approaches as well as the conventional anti-obesity therapeutics. The article aims to conduct an in-depth discussion on the current trends in obesity treatment approaches. Filling in this knowledge gap will lead to a greater understanding of the safest ways to manage obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Ashour
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt;
| | - Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Aboelnasr
- Biophysics Branch, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.A.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Hanan H. Beherei
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Khairy M. Tohamy
- Biophysics Branch, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.A.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fallah F, Mahdavi R. Ameliorating effects of L-carnitine and synbiotic co-supplementation on anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic traits in women with obesity: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1237882. [PMID: 37929031 PMCID: PMC10622781 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1237882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity, a multifactorial disorder with pandemic dimensions, is conceded a major culprit of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating efficient therapeutic strategies. Nutraceuticals and functional foods are considered promising adjuvant/complementary approaches for weight management in individuals with obesity who have low adherence to conventional treatments. Current literature supports the weight-reducing efficacy of pro/pre/synbiotics or L-carnitine; however, the superiority of the nutraceutical joint supplementation approach over common single therapies to counter obesity and accompanying comorbidities is well documented. This study was designed to assess the effects of L-carnitine single therapy compared with L-carnitine and multistrain/multispecies synbiotic co-supplementation on anthropometric and cardiometabolic indicators in women with obesity. Methods The current placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 46 women with obesity, randomly allocated to either concomitant supplementation [L-carnitine tartrate (2 × 500 mg/day) + multistrain/multispecies synbiotic (1 capsule/day)] or monotherapy [L-carnitine tartrate (2 × 500 mg/day) + maltodextrin (1 capsule/day)] groups for 8 weeks. Participants in both groups received healthy eating dietary advice. Results Anthropometric, lipid, and glycemic indices significantly improved in both intervention groups; however, L-carnitine + synbiotic co-administration elicited a greater reduction in the anthropometric measures including body mass index (BMI), body weight, and neck, waist, and hip circumferences (p < 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, = 0.012, and =0.030, respectively) after adjusting for probable confounders. Moreover, L-carnitine + synbiotic joint supplementation resulted in a greater reduction in fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin (though marginal), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and more increment in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI; p = 0.014, 0.051, 0.024, and 0.019, respectively) compared with the L-carnitine + placebo monosupplementation. No significant intergroup changes were found for the lipid profile biomarkers, except for a greater increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations (HDL-C) in the L-carnitine + synbiotic group (p = 0.009). Conclusion L-carnitine + synbiotic co-supplementation was more beneficial in ameliorating anthropometric indices as well as some cardiometabolic parameters compared with L-carnitine single therapy, suggesting that it is a promising adjuvant approach to ameliorate obesity or associated metabolic complications through potential synergistic or complementary mechanisms. Further longer duration clinical trials in a three-group design are demanded to verify the complementary or synergistic mechanisms. Clinical trial registration www.irct.ir, Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20080904001197N13.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Fallah
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee J, Joh Y, Choi C, Kim K, Lee YH. A Combination of Soy Isoflavone and L-Carnitine Improves Running Endurance in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3678. [PMID: 37686710 PMCID: PMC10489700 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of APIC, a mixture containing soy isoflavone and L-carnitine on running endurance. Male C57BL/6 mice were orally administered APIC for 8 weeks. The APIC group exhibited a significant increase in treadmill running time until exhaustion compared to the control group. The respiratory exchange ratio in the APIC group was lower, indicating an enhancement in fatty acid oxidative metabolism. Furthermore, APIC supplementation increased the proportion of oxidative myofibers. Biochemical parameters associated with endurance capacity were also affected by APIC, as evidenced by increased muscle ATP levels and decreased levels of muscle triglycerides and blood lactate. qPCR and immunoblot analysis of C2C12 myotubes and gastrocnemius muscles indicated that APIC treatment stimulated AMPK signaling, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fatty acid metabolism. Additionally, treatment with APIC led to an increased oxygen consumption rate in C2C12 myotubes. Collectively, these findings suggest that APIC supplementation enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, promotes a switch from glycolytic to oxidative fiber types, and improves fatty acid metabolism through the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway in murine skeletal muscle. Ultimately, these effects contribute to the enhancement of running endurance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (Y.J.); (C.C.); (K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hithamani G, Ganesan P. Polyphenols from Indian cereal grains inhibit 3T3-L1 adipogenesis through modulating early and late phase adipogenic markers. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
7
|
Liu X, Fan W, Zhang X, Zhan S, Zhong T, Guo J, Wang Y, Cao J, Li L, Zhang H, Wang L. Maternal L-carnitine supplementation promotes brown adipose tissue thermogenesis of newborn goats after cold exposure. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22461. [PMID: 35838582 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200637r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an important component of energy expenditure and necessary to maintain body temperature for newborn mammals. In the previous study, we found that L-carnitine was enriched in BAT and promoted BAT adipogenesis and thermogenesis in goat brown adipocytes. However, whether dietary L-carnitine regulates BAT heat production and energy expenditure in lambs remains unclear. In this study, maternal L-carnitine supplementation elevated the rectal temperature, as well as the expression of UCP1 and mitochondrial DNA content to promote BAT thermogenesis in newborn goats. Moreover, maternal L-carnitine supplementation increased the levels of triglycerides (TG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and lactate in plasma, as well as the content of lipid droplet and glycogen in BAT of newborn goats. Lipidomic analysis showed that maternal L-carnitine supplementation remodeled the lipid composition of BAT in newborn goats. L-carnitine significantly increased the levels of TG and diglyceride (DG) and decreased the levels of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in BAT. Further studies showed that L-carnitine promoted TG and glycogen deposition in brown adipocytes through AMPKα. Our results indicate that maternal L-carnitine supplementation promotes BAT development and thermogenesis in newborn goats and provides new evidence for newborn goats to maintain body temperature in response to cold exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Fan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xujia Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
St Aubin CR, Fisher AL, Hernandez JA, Broderick TL, Al-Nakkash L. Mitigation of MAFLD in High Fat-High Sucrose-Fructose Fed Mice by a Combination of Genistein Consumption and Exercise Training. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2157-2172. [PMID: 35911503 PMCID: PMC9329575 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s358256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is fueled by escalations in both sedentary behavior and caloric intake and is noted in obese type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. This study aimed to examine the effects of exercise and the phytoestrogen genistein in mice fed a high fat (60% fat) high sugar (55% fructose with 45% sucrose), HFHS diet. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to five groups: HFHS, HFHS with genistein (600 mg/kg diet, HFHS+Gen), HFHS with moderate exercise (HFHS+Ex), and HFHS with combined genistein and moderate exercise (HFHS-Gen+Ex). Control lean mice were fed standard chow and water. Exercise consisted of 30-minute sessions of treadmill running five days/week for the 12-week study duration. Body weight was assessed weekly. Liver, kidney, fecal pellets and serum were extracted at the end of the study and maintained at -80°C. RESULTS After 12 weeks of treatment, mice in the HFHS group had the highest hepatic lipid content. Plasma levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, cholesterol, amylin, and total fat content were significantly elevated in HFHS mice compared to control mice. HFHS feeding increased protein expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b (CPT-1b isoform) in gastrocnemius, CPT1a, glucose transporter protein 2 (GLUT2), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1 (FBP1) expression in liver. Exercise alone had minor effects on these metabolic abnormalities. Genistein alone resulted in improvements in body weight, fat content, amylin, insulin sensitivity, and liver histopathology, GR, FBP1, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Combination treatment resulted in additional metabolic improvements, including reductions in hepatic lipid content and lipid area, alanine transferase activity, CPT1b, and CPT1a. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that a HFHS diet is obesogenic, inducing metabolic perturbations consistent with T2DM and MAFLD. Genistein alone and genistein combined with moderate intensity exercise were effective in reducing MAFLD and the aberrations induced by chronic HFHS feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaheyla R St Aubin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Amy L Fisher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Jose A Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Tom L Broderick
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
- Correspondence: Layla Al-Nakkash, Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA, Tel +1 623 572 3719, Fax +1 623 572 3673, Email
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Turgut R, Kartal M, Akkol EK, Demirbolat İ, Taştan H. Development of Cholesterol-Lowering and Detox Formulations Using Bentonite and Herbal Ingredients. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:775789. [PMID: 34938189 PMCID: PMC8685422 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.775789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Detoxification enzymes involved in human metabolism works to minimize the potential xenobiotic-induced damage constantly. Studies have revealed that toxin accumulation plays an important role in the etiology of cardiovascular disease. This study has been designed to provide evidence of medicinal use of bentonite, turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed, flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), and psyllium (Plantago ovata L.) as detoxification and cholesterol-lowering agents using a hypercholesterolemic model in mice. The potential hypocholesterolemic effects and detoxification ability of these ingredients were evaluated at the same time: Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, plasma total antioxidant activity, nitric acid, leptin levels and glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase values were measured. It was determined that GBTF group (grape seed extract, bentonite, turmeric, and flaxseed), GBTP group (grape seed extract, bentonite, turmeric, and psyllium), and GBT group (grape seed extract, bentonite, and turmeric) of the tested materials decreased the serum total cholesterol concentration by 64.8, 57.5, and 48.9%, respectively, in mice fed a high cholesterol diet. In addition, it was determined that some detoxification parameters such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase were statistically significantly reversed in GBTF, GBTP, and GBT groups. Flaxseed, psyllium, and bentonite clay did not show significant effects in reducing total cholesterol; however, GBTF, GBTP, and GBT groups interventions had a significant effect in reducing total cholesterol levels. Moreover, it was observed that adding flaxseed or psyllium to the GBT group increased the cholesterol-lowering effect. Therefore, it can be thought that this significant effect is due to the synergistic effect of the raw materials. When the results obtained were evaluated, it was seen that the cholesterol-lowering and detoxification effects of the combinations were higher than from the effect of natural material used alone. As a result, combinations of some of these ingredients have a positive effect on reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Turgut
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Health Sciences Institute, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kartal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlker Demirbolat
- Bezmialem Center of Education, Practice, and Research in Phytotherapy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakkı Taştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aliabadi M, Zamani-Garmsiri F, Panahi G, Tehrani SS, Meshkani R. Metformin in combination with genistein ameliorates skeletal muscle inflammation in high-fat diet fed c57BL/6 mice. Cytokine 2021; 146:155638. [PMID: 34242900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the beneficial effects of metformin (MET) and genistein in ameliorating inflammation have been elucidated, their combined impacts on skeletal muscle inflammation have not been clearly understood. This study aimed to examine the possible preventive effect of MET in combination with genistein on skeletal muscle inflammation in high-fat diet (HFD) fed C57BL/6 mice. Fifty C57BL/6 male mice were fed on an HFD for 10 weeks. The mice were categorized into five groups, control, HFD, HFD + MET (0.23%), HFD + genistein (0.2%), and HFD + MET + genistein for 12 weeks. The results showed that treatment with MET and genistein, either alone or in combination, led to reduced weight gain, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, HOMA-IR levels, and Area Under the Curves (AUCs) in ipGTT. MET in combination with genistein demonstrated a decreasing effect on macrophages infiltration rate compared to genistein and MET groups alone. The expression of iNOS was reduced, whereas the expression of M2 macrophage markers was increased in combined treatment of MET and genistein. Furthermore, MET in combination with genistein reduced the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, and IL-6 and increased the expression of IL-10 in comparison with genistein and MET groups alone. Plasma and skeletal muscle triglycerides and intra-myocellular lipid deposition were reversed by treatment with MET and genistein, alone or in combination. These results imply that the combination therapy of MET and genistein may have therapeutic potential for decreasing obesity-induced skeletal muscle inflammation in the HFD-fed model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoume Aliabadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Zamani-Garmsiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghodratollah Panahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Javaid F, Mehmood MH, Shaukat B. Hydroethanolic Extract of A. officinarum Hance Ameliorates Hypertension and Causes Diuresis in Obesogenic Feed-Fed Rat Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670433. [PMID: 34305591 PMCID: PMC8299705 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpinia officinarum Hance (Zingiberaceae) has been used widely in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicines. Its folkloric uses include relieving stomach ache, treating cold, improving the circulatory system, and reducing swelling. Its effectiveness and mechanism of antihypertension in obesity-induced hypertensive rats have not been studied yet as per our knowledge. This study has been designed to provide evidence of underlying mechanisms to the medicinal use of A. officinarum as a cardiotonic using an obesity-induced hypertension model in rats. Chronic administration of A. officinarum caused a marked reduction in the body weight gain and Lee index of rats compared to the obesogenic diet-fed rats. Its administration also caused attenuation in blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean), serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and leptin, while an increase in serum HDL and adiponectin levels was noticed. The catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymatic activities were found to be remarkable in the serum of A. officinarum-treated animal groups. A. officinarum showed mild to moderate diuretic, hepatoprotective, and reno-protective effects. The A. officinarum-treated group showed less mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase while the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and mRNA expression of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase were raised in comparison to the hypertensive group of rats evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. These findings show that A. officinarum possesses antihypertensive and diuretic activities, thus providing a rationale to the medicinal use of A. officinarum in cardiovascular ailments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Javaid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Hassan Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shaukat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Zamani-Garmsiri F, Hashemnia SMR, Shabani M, Bagherieh M, Emamgholipour S, Meshkani R. Combination of metformin and genistein alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 87:108505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
14
|
Novel Function of α-Cubebenoate Derived from Schisandra chinensis as Lipogenesis Inhibitor, Lipolysis Stimulator and Inflammasome Suppressor. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214995. [PMID: 33126679 PMCID: PMC7663250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of α-cubebenoate isolated from Schisandra chinensis has been previously studied in three disease areas, namely inflammation, sepsis, and allergy, and its role in other diseases is still being explored. To identify the novel function of α-cubebenoate on lipid metabolism and related inflammatory response, alterations in fat accumulation, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and inflammasome activation were measured in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and primary adipocytes treated with α-cubebenoate. Lipid accumulation significantly decreased in MDI (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin)-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with α-cubebenoate without any significant cytotoxicity. The mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α for adipogenesis, as well as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 2 (aP2) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) for lipogenesis, were reduced after α-cubebenoate treatment, while cell cycle arrest at G2/M stage was restored in the same group. α-cubebenoate treatment induced glycerol release in primary adipocytes and enhanced expression of lipolytic proteins (HSL, perilipin, and ATGL) expression in MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Inflammasome activation and downstream cytokines expression were suppressed with α-cubebenoate treatment, but the expression of insulin receptor signaling factors was remarkably increased by α-cubebenoate treatment in MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results indicate that α-cubebenoate may play a novel role as lipogenesis inhibitor, lipolysis stimulator, and inflammasome suppressor in MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results provide the possibility that α-cubebenoate can be considered as one of the candidates for obesity management.
Collapse
|
15
|
Rufino AT, Costa VM, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. Flavonoids as antiobesity agents: A review. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:556-585. [PMID: 33084093 DOI: 10.1002/med.21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem that affects all age groups in both developing and developed countries. In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has reached pandemic levels, resulting in a dramatic increase in the incidence of various comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, consequently leading to massive health and socioeconomic burdens. Together with lifestyle changes, antiobesity pharmacotherapy is gaining momentum as an adjunctive treatment. However, the available pharmacological approaches have limited use owing to either significant adverse effects or low efficacy. Over the years, natural products have been an important source of lead compounds for drug discovery. Among these, flavonoids are associated with important biological effects and health-promoting activities. In this review, we discuss the modulatory effects of flavonoids on obesity and their potential mechanisms of action. The literature strongly suggests that most common flavonoids demonstrate a pronounced effect on obesity as shown by their ability to lower body weight, fat mass, and plasma triglycerides/cholesterol, both in in vitro and in vivo models. The impact of flavonoids on obesity can be observed through different mechanisms: reducing food intake and fat absorption, increasing energy expenditure, modulating lipid metabolism, or regulating gut microbiota profile. A better understanding of the known antiobesity mechanisms of flavonoids will enable their potential use to treat this medical condition. Therefore, this review focuses on the putative biological mechanisms through which flavonoids may prevent or treat obesity and highlights new perspectives on future pharmacological use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera M Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Wang P, Sang S. Dietary Genistein Reduces Methylglyoxal and Advanced Glycation End Product Accumulation in Obese Mice Treated with High-Fat Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7416-7424. [PMID: 32573222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has found that dietary genistein could ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and especially lower methylglyoxal (MGO) and advanced glycation end product (AGE) accumulation in healthy mice exposed to genistein and HFD. However, it is still unclear whether dietary genistein intervention has a similar beneficial effect in obese mice. In this study, the mice were induced with obesity after being fed a HFD for nine weeks before being administered with two doses of genistein, 0.1% (G 0.1) and 0.2% (G 0.2), in the HFD for additional 19 weeks. After 19 week treatment, genistein supplementation reduced body and liver weights, plasma and liver MGO levels, and kidney AGE levels in mice. Mechanistically, genistein upregulated the expressions of glyoxalase I and II and aldose reductase to detoxify MGO, and genistein and its microbial metabolites, dihydrogenistein and 6'-hydroxy-O-demethylangolensin, were able to trap endogenous MGO via formation of MGO conjugates. Taken together, our results provide novel insights into the antiobesity and antiglycation roles of dietary genistein in obese subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Zhao
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Pei Wang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Atakisi O, Dalginli KY, Gulmez C, Kaya R, Ozden O, Kart A, Atakisi E. Boric acid and Borax Supplementation Reduces Weight Gain in Overweight Rats and Alter L-Carnitine and IGF-I Levels. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 90:221-227. [DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of boric acid (BA) and borax (BX) on live weight and obesity associated molecules including leptin, L-carnitine, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), and heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) in rats fed with high-fat diet. A total of 60 rats were equally allocated as ND (normal diet), HF (high-fat diet), HF+BA, HF+BX, ND+BX, ND+BA. Body weight increases in HF+BA (85 g) and HF+BX (86 g) were significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to HF group (126 g). Boron treatment decreased serum L-carnitine level in high-fat diet (HF+BA 11.12 mg/L, HF+BX 10.51 mg/L, p<0.05) compared to HF group (15.57 mg/L), while no change was observed in groups ND+BA (7.55 mg/L) and ND+BX (7.57 mg/L) compared to group ND (8.29 mg/L). Neither BA nor BX supplementation in ND and HF groups altered the serum levels of HSP70 and leptin. BA and BX supplementation in rats fed HF resulted in a significant reduction in live weight. Boron compounds altered L-carnitine and IGF-1 levels in rats. These results indicate that boron compounds are beneficial in the treatment of obesity as well as in the prevention of high-fat diet-induced weight increase. Alterations in serum L-carnitine and IGF-1 levels in boron treated rats also indicate possible role of boron compounds in energy metabolism in response to high fat diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onur Atakisi
- Departments of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Letter, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Kezban Yildiz Dalginli
- Departments of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Letter, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Canan Gulmez
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Tuzluca Vocational High School, Igdır University, Igdır-Turkey
| | - Ruya Kaya
- Ibrahim Cecen Univ Agri, Cent Res & Applicat Lab, TR-04100 Agri, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Ozden
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Asim Kart
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Emine Atakisi
- Departments of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pasavei AG, Mohebbati R, Boroumand N, Ghorbani A, Hosseini A, Jamshidi ST, Soukhtanloo M. Anti-Hypolipidemic and Anti-Oxidative Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Origanum majorana on the Hepatosteatosis Induced with High-Fat Diet in Rats. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:57-69. [PMID: 32158345 PMCID: PMC7053549 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the current study is to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and anti-oxidative effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of marjoram (HAEM) in rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods In the experimental study, the rats were randomly divided into four groups of five rats in each and fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks as follows: One group (normal diet group) was fed with a standard diet, one group was fed with HFD, and two groups were fed with HFD and orally fed with 150 and 450 mg/kg/day HAEM. The serum samples and liver tissues were used for measuring the biochemical and oxidative parameters and histopathological studies. HFD induced hepatosteatosis in rats as evidenced by the altered liver enzymes activity, serum lipid profile and oxidative status. Results Serum lipid profile (triglyceride, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein) in rats fed with HFD + HAEM (150 and 450 mg/kg/day) was significantly decreased. Furthermore, the evaluation of oxidative stress showed a reduction of the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and an increase in ferric-reducing anti-oxidant power. Meanwhile, liver enzyme activities declined in response to HAEM. Conclusion Using the HAEM could be a future therapeutic agent in treating hepatosteatosis and reducing oxidative damages of HFD in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolmomen Ghaeni Pasavei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nadia Boroumand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shirin Taraz Jamshidi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xin X, Chen C, Hu YY, Feng Q. Protective effect of genistein on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109047. [PMID: 31176163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAFLD is a vital health problem worldwide; however, no effective treatment is currently available for NAFLD. Intensive studies have indicated the efficacy of genistein (GE), a bioactive isoflavone extracted from soy, in treating NAFLD. In addition to its oestrogen-like effects, GE is known to have multiple molecular effects, for instance, lipid and glucose metabolism-promoting effects and activities against lipid peroxidation, inflammation, fibrosis, and NAFLD-related tumours. Here, this review summarizes the potential role of GE in the treatment and prevention of NAFLD and some of the currently known targets and signalling pathways of GE in NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xin
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Yang Hu
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li W, Lu Y. Hepatoprotective Effects of Sophoricoside against Fructose-Induced Liver Injury via
Regulating Lipid Metabolism, Oxidation, and Inflammation in Mice. J Food Sci 2018; 83:552-558. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Yangtze Normal Univ.; Chongqing 408100 China
| | - Yalong Lu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science; Shaanxi Normal Univ.; Xi'an 710062 China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marraudino M, Bonaldo B, Farinetti A, Panzica G, Ponti G, Gotti S. Metabolism Disrupting Chemicals and Alteration of Neuroendocrine Circuits Controlling Food Intake and Energy Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:766. [PMID: 30687229 PMCID: PMC6333703 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) are molecules (largely belonging to the category of endocrine disrupting chemicals, EDCs) that can cause important diseases as the metabolic syndrome, obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus or fatty liver. MDCs act on fat tissue and liver, may regulate gut functions (influencing absorption), but they may also alter the hypothalamic peptidergic circuits that control food intake and energy metabolism. These circuits are normally regulated by several factors, including estrogens, therefore those EDCs that are able to bind estrogen receptors may promote metabolic changes through their action on the same hypothalamic circuits. Here, we discuss data showing how the exposure to some MDCs can alter the expression of neuropeptides within the hypothalamic circuits involved in food intake and energy metabolism. In particular, in this review we have described the effects at hypothalamic level of three known EDCs: Genistein, an isoflavone (phytoestrogen) abundant in soy-based food (a possible new not-synthetic MDC), Bisphenol A (compound involved in the manufacturing of many consumer plastic products), and Tributyltin chloride (one of the most dangerous and toxic endocrine disruptor, used in antifouling paint for boats).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Marraudino
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Brigitta Bonaldo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alice Farinetti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - GianCarlo Panzica
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: GianCarlo Panzica
| | - Giovanna Ponti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Gotti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bhandari U, Kumar V, Kumar P, Tripathi CD, Khanna G. Protective effect of pioglitazone on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in low-dose streptozotocin & high-fat diet-induced type-2 diabetes in rats. Indian J Med Res 2016; 142:598-605. [PMID: 26658596 PMCID: PMC4743348 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.171290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is one of the pathologic phenomena associated with diabetes and related conditions including obesity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia. In the present study, the protective effects of pioglitazone on cardiomyocyte apoptosis was evaluated in experimental diabetes induced by low dose of streptozoticin (STZ) combined with high fat diet (HFD) in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were injected with low-dose STZ (45 mg/kg, i.v., single dose) and orally fed with a HFD (20 g/day/rat) for a period of 28 days and simultaneously treated with pioglitazone (20 mg/kg/p.o.) for a period of 21 days (from 8 th day to 28 th day). On 29 th day blood was collected, serum separated and used for biochemical parameters. Heart tissue was used for cardiomyocyte apoptosis measurement and also for histopathological examination. RESULTS Pioglitazone treatment resulted in a decrease in cardiomyocyte apoptosis as revealed by a decrease in cardiac caspase-3, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and DNA fragmentation, and an increase in Na+K+ATPase levels in diabetic rats. Cardiac histology of diabetic control rats showed dense focal fatty infiltration in the myocardial cells whereas normal architecture with regular morphology and well preserved cytoplasm was observed with pioglitazone treatment. Pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced the heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and levels of serum glucose, leptin, insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TGs), apoliproprotein-B glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and atherogenic index, and increased the levels of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiac antioxidant enzymes. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS The present study results suggest that pioglitazone possesses cardiac anti-apoptotic potential in diabetic rat model and can be further explored for its use for treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uma Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Suk M, Shin Y. Effect of high-intensity exercise and high-fat diet on lipid metabolism in the liver of rats. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 19:289-95. [PMID: 27274461 PMCID: PMC4886838 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2015.15122303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of high-intensity exercise (Ex) and high dietary fat intake on lipid metabolism in the liver of rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the four groups (n=10 per group) that were maintained on a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) consisting of 30% fat (w/w), with or without exercise on a treadmill at 30 m/min and 8% grade) for 4 weeks (i.e., ND, ND+Ex, HFD, and HFD+Ex groups). RESULTS Body weight (p<.001), total plasma cholesterol (TC) (p<.001), triglyceride (TG) (p<.05), and liver TG levels (p<.05) were increased in the HFD group relative to the ND groups, and serum glucose (p<.05), insulin (p<.05), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p<.01), and liver TG levels (p<.01) were also higher in the HFD group compared to the ND+Ex group. Plasma free fatty acid was elevated in the HFD+Ex group compared to the HFD group (p<.01). With the exception of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver was altered in the Ex groups compared to the control group (p<.05), with genes involved in lipolysis specifically up regulated in the HFD+Ex group compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION Vigorous exercise may increase glucose utilization and fat oxidation by activating genes in the liver that are associated with lipid metabolism compared to that in animals consuming a HFD without exercise. Therefore, high intensity exercise can be considered to counter the adverse effects of high dietary fat intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MinHwa Suk
- College of Sports Science, Department of exercise prescription and rehabilitation, Dankook University, Cheonan Republic of Korea
| | - YunA Shin
- College of Sports Science, Department of exercise prescription and rehabilitation, Dankook University, Cheonan Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Effects of amino acid derivatives on physical, mental, and physiological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1793-807. [PMID: 24279396 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.708368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional ergogenic aids have been in use for a long time to enhance exercise and sports performance. Dietary components that exhibit ergogenic activity are numerous and their consumption is common and popular among athletes. They often come under scrutiny by legal authorities for their claimed benefits and safety concerns. Amino acid derivatives are propagated as being effective aids to enhance physical and mental performance in many ways, even though studies have pointed out that individuals who are deficient are more likely to benefit from dietary supplementation of amino acid derivatives than normal humans. In this review, some of the most common and widely used amino acids derivatives in sports and athletics namely creatine, tyrosine, carnitine, HMB, and taurine have been discussed for their effects on exercise performance, mental activity as well as body strength and composition. Creatine, carnitine, HMB, and taurine are reported to delay the onset of fatigue, improve exercise performance, and body strength. HMB helps in increasing fat-free mass and reduce exercise induced muscle injury. Taurine has been found to reduce oxidative stress during exercise and also act as an antihypertensive agent. Although, studies have not been able to find any favorable effect of tyrosine administration on exercise performance, it has been proved to be very effective in fighting stress, improving mood and cognitive performance particularly in sleep-deprived subjects. While available data from published studies and findings are equivocal about the efficacy of creatine, tyrosine, and HMB, more comprehensive researches on carnitine and taurine are necessary to provide evidence for the theoretical basis of their ergogenic role in nutritional modification and supplementation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Balaji M, Ganjayi MS, Hanuma Kumar GEN, Parim BN, Mopuri R, Dasari S. A review on possible therapeutic targets to contain obesity: The role of phytochemicals. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 10:363-80. [PMID: 26740473 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of obesity has increased markedly in recent decades making it a global public health concern. Since obesity is a potential risk factor in the development of hypertension, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, infertility, etc., it is no more viewed as a cosmetic issue. Currently, only a few FDA-approved anti-obesity drugs like Orlistat, Lorcaserin and Phentermine-topiramate are available in the market, but they have considerable side effects. On the other hand, bariatric surgery as an alternative is associated with high risk and expensive. In view of these there is a growing trend towards natural product-based drug intervention as one of the crucial strategies for management of obesity and related ailments. In Asian traditional medicine and Ayurvedic literature a good number of plant species have been used and quoted for possible lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effects; however, many of them have not been evaluated rigorously for a definite recommendation and also lack adequate scientific validation. This review explores and updates on various plant species, their used parts, bioactive components and focuses multiple targets/pathways to contain obesity which may pave the way to develop novel and effective drugs. We also summarised different drugs in use to treat obesity and their current status. Nature is future promise of our wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meriga Balaji
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Muni Swamy Ganjayi
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gali E N Hanuma Kumar
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Brahma Naidu Parim
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramgopal Mopuri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sreenivasulu Dasari
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Müller DR, Basso F, Kurrat A, Soukup ST, Niehoff A, Kulling SE, Diel P. Dose-dependent effects of isoflavone exposure during early lifetime on development and androgen sensitivity in male Wistar rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:325-36. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R. Müller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
| | - Fabian Basso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
| | - Anne Kurrat
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
| | - Sebastian T. Soukup
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables; Max Rubner-Institut (MRI); Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Anja Niehoff
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
- Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics; Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Sabine E. Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables; Max Rubner-Institut (MRI); Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Patrick Diel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mopuri R, Ganjayi M, Banavathy KS, Parim BN, Meriga B. Evaluation of anti-obesity activities of ethanolic extract of Terminalia paniculata bark on high fat diet-induced obese rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:76. [PMID: 25887331 PMCID: PMC4396074 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and severity of obesity and associated co-morbidities are rapidly increasing across the world. Natural products-based drug intervention has been proposed as one of the crucial strategies for management of obesity ailments. This study was designed to investigate the anti-obesity activities of ethanolic extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (TPEE) on high fat diet-induced obese rats. METHODS LC-MS/MS analysis was done for ethanolic extract of T. paniculata bark. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups of six each, normal diet fed (NC), high fat diet-fed (HFD), HFD+ orlistat (standard drug control) administered, and remaining three groups were fed with HFD + TPEE in different doses (100,150 and 200 mg/kg b. wt). For induction of obesity rats were initially fed with HFD for 9 weeks, then, (TPEE) was supplemented along with HFD for 42 days. Changes in body weight, body composition, blood glucose, insulin, tissue and serum lipid profiles, atherogenic index, liver markers, and expression of adipogenesis-related genes such as leptin, adiponectin, FAS, PPARgamma, AMPK-1alpha and SREBP-1c, were studied in experimental rats. Also, histopathological examination of adipose tissue was carried out. RESULTS Supplementation of TPEE reduced significantly (P < 0.05) body weight, total fat, fat percentage, atherogenic index, blood glucose, insulin, lipid profiles and liver markers in HFD-fed groups, in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of adipogenesis-related genes such as Leptin, FAS, PPARgamma, and SREBP-1c were down regulated while Adiponectin and AMPK-1alpha were up regulated in TPEE + HFD-fed rats. Furthermore, histopathological examination of adipose tissue revealed the alleviating effect of TPEE which is evident by reduced size of adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Together, the biochemical, histological and molecular studies unambiguously demonstrate the potential anti adipogenic and anti obesity activities of TPEE promoting it as a formidable candidate to develop anti obesity drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramgopal Mopuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517502, India.
| | - Muniswamy Ganjayi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517502, India.
| | - Kruthika S Banavathy
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Brahma Naidu Parim
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517502, India.
| | - Balaji Meriga
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517502, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Wu T, Guo A, Shu Q, Qi Y, Kong Y, Sun Z, Sun S, Fu Z. L-Carnitine intake prevents irregular feeding-induced obesity and lipid metabolism disorder. Gene 2014; 554:148-54. [PMID: 25445284 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
L-Carnitine supplementation has been used to reduce obesity caused by high-fat diet, which is beneficial for lowering blood and hepatic lipid levels, and for ameliorating fatty liver. However, whether l-carnitine may affect irregular feeding-induced obesity and lipid metabolism disorder is still largely unknown. In the present study, we developed a time-delayed pattern of eating, and investigated the effects of l-carnitine on the irregular eating induced adiposity in mice. After an experimental period of 8 weeks with l-carnitine supplementation, l-carnitine significantly inhibited body weight increase and epididymal fat weight gain induced by the time-delayed feeding. In addition, l-carnitine administration decreased levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (GPT), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and triglyceride (TG), which were significantly elevated by the irregular feeding. Moreover, mice supplemented with l-carnitine did not display glucose intolerance-associated hallmarks, which were found in the irregular feeding-induced obesity. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that l-carnitine counteracted the negative alterations of lipid metabolic gene expression (fatty acid synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase) in the liver and fat of mice caused by the irregular feeding. Therefore, our results suggest that the time-delayed pattern of eating can induce adiposity and lipid metabolic disorders, while l-carnitine supplementation might prevent these negative symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Anqi Guo
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Qingyu Shu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Yangjian Qi
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Ying Kong
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Zhiping Sun
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Shumin Sun
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zidan Y, Bouderbala S, Djellouli F, Lacaille-Dubois MA, Bouchenak M. Portulaca oleracea reduces triglyceridemia, cholesterolemia, and improves lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in rats fed enriched-cholesterol diet. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1504-1508. [PMID: 25442258 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of Portulaca oleracea (Po) lyophilized aqueous extract were determined on the serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL2 and HDL3) amounts and composition, as well as on lecithin: cholesterol acyltansferase (LCAT) activity. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 12) were fed on 1% cholesterol-enriched diet for 10 days. After this phase, hypercholesterolemic rats (HC) were divided into two groups fed the same diet supplemented or not with Portulaca oleracea (Po-HC) (0.5%) for four weeks. RESULTS Serum total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglycerols (TG), and liver TG values were respectively 1.6-, 1.8-, and 1.6-fold lower in Po-HC than in HC group. Cholesterol concentrations in LDL-HDL1, HDL2, and HDL3 were respectively 1.8, 1.4-, and 2.4-fold decreased in Po-HC group. HDL2 and HDL3 amounts, which were the sum of apolipoproteins (apos), TG, cholesteryl esters (CE), unesterified cholesterol (UC), and phospholipids (PL) contents, were respectively 4.5-fold higher and 1.2-fold lower with Po treatment. Indeed, enhanced LCAT activity (1.2-fold), its cofactor-activator apo A-I (2-fold) and its reaction product HDL2-CE (2.1-fold) were observed, whereas HDL3-PL (enzyme substrate) and HDL3-UC (acyl group acceptor) were 1.2- and 2.4-fold lower. CONCLUSION Portulaca oleracea reduces triglyceridemia, cholesterolemia, and improves reverse cholesterol transport in rat fed enriched-cholesterol diet, contributing to anti-atherogenic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zidan
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Clinique et Métabolique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université d'Oran, BP 1534 El M'Naouer, 31000 Oran, Algeria
| | - S Bouderbala
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Clinique et Métabolique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université d'Oran, BP 1534 El M'Naouer, 31000 Oran, Algeria
| | - F Djellouli
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Clinique et Métabolique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université d'Oran, BP 1534 El M'Naouer, 31000 Oran, Algeria
| | - M A Lacaille-Dubois
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4267, FDE/UFC, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - M Bouchenak
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Clinique et Métabolique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université d'Oran, BP 1534 El M'Naouer, 31000 Oran, Algeria.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cha YS, Park Y, Lee M, Chae SW, Park K, Kim Y, Lee HS. Doenjang, a Korean fermented soy food, exerts antiobesity and antioxidative activities in overweight subjects with the PPAR-γ2 C1431T polymorphism: 12-week, double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Med Food 2014; 17:119-27. [PMID: 24456362 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the antiobesity and antioxidant effects of supplementation with doenjang, a fermented soybean paste, in overweight Koreans with the PPAR-γ2 C1431T polymorphism. Sixty overweight subjects were randomly assigned to consume either 9.8 g/day of doenjang or placebo for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, anthropometric and metabolic parameters, along with abdominal fat distribution and PPAR-γ2 polymorphisms, were measured. Fifty-one subjects completed the study, doenjang (n=26) and placebo (n=25) groups. Relative frequencies of the PPAR-γ2 genotypes CC, TC, and TT were 70% (n=41), 25.9% (15), and 3.4% (2), whereas those of the PPAR-γ2 alleles C and T were 81.6% and 18.4%. Visceral fat area (VFA) was significantly decreased by doenjang supplementation in subjects with a mutant T allele of PPAR-γ2 compared to those with a C allele after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. Plasma free fatty acid, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were also significantly increased in the doenjang group. Doenjang pills significantly activated radical clearance capacity (ORAC and DNA tail length) in subjects with the C allele. The catalase (CAT) activity was increased twofold in the doenjang-treated group with the C allele, but this phenomenon was reversed in those with the T allele. Doenjang-treated subjects tended to have low dietary carbohydrate and sodium intakes compared with those given placebo. We found that doenjang supplementation decreased visceral fat accumulation and aging most effectively in subjects with PPAR-γ polymorphisms. This study suggests that doenjang has antiobesity and antioxidative effects in overweight individuals with mutant alleles of PPAR-γ2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Soo Cha
- 1 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Soy Saponins Meditate the Progression of Colon Cancer in Rats by Inhibiting the Activity of β -Glucuronidase and the Number of Aberrant Crypt Foci but Not Cyclooxygenase-2 Activity. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2013; 2013:645817. [PMID: 24224098 PMCID: PMC3808719 DOI: 10.1155/2013/645817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The effect of extracted crude soybean saponins on preneoplastic lesions, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), and the related mechanism were investigated.
Research Methods and Procedures. Rats were assigned into five groups according to different doses of extracted crude soybean saponins and received 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) injection in week 5. In week 15, all rats were sacrificed. The number of ACFs, the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression, the level of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2), and the activity of β-glucuronidase were examined.
Results. Results revealed that the consumption of extracted crude soybean saponins decreased the number of ACFs and the activity of β-glucuronidase in rats, while the expression of COX-2 protein and PGE2 level were not affected.
Conclusions. Soybean saponins were effective in inhibiting colon cancer by downregulating the activity of β-glucuronidase in colonic mucosa but not the COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 level.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim MJ, Yang HJ, Kim JH, Ahn CW, Lee JH, Kim KS, Kwon DY. Obesity-related metabolomic analysis of human subjects in black soybean peptide intervention study by ultraperformance liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Obes 2013; 2013:874981. [PMID: 23862058 PMCID: PMC3686146 DOI: 10.1155/2013/874981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify key metabolites related to weight reduction in humans by studying the metabolic profiles of sera obtained from 34 participants who underwent dietary intervention with black soybean peptides (BSP) for 12 weeks. This research is a sequel to our previous work in which the effects of BSP on BMI and blood composition of lipid were investigated. Sera of the study were subjected to ultra performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), and the data were analyzed using partial least-squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) score plots. Body mass index and percent body fat of the test group were reduced. Levels of betaine, benzoic acid, pyroglutamic acid, pipecolic acid, N-phenylacetamide, uric acid, l-aspartyl-l-phenylalanine, and lysophosphatidyl cholines (lysoPCs) (C18:1, C18:2, C20:1, and C20:4) showed significant increases. Levels of l-proline, valine, l-leucine/isoleucine, hypoxanthine, glutamine, l-methionine, phenylpyruvic acid, several carnitine derivatives, and lysoPCs (C14:0, PC16:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:1, C18:0, and C22:0) were significantly decreased. In particular, lysoPC 16:0 with a VIP value of 12.02 is esteemed to be the most important metabolite for evaluating the differences between the 2 serum samples. Our result confirmed weight-lowering effects of BSP, accompanied by favorable changes in metabolites in the subjects' blood. Therefore, this research enables us to better understand obesity and increases the predictability of the obesity-related risk by studying metabolites present in the blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- Department of Food Metabolism and Nutrition, Korea Food Research Institute, 516 Paekhyon-dong, Pundang-ku, Songnam, Kyongki-do 463-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Department of Food Metabolism and Nutrition, Korea Food Research Institute, 516 Paekhyon-dong, Pundang-ku, Songnam, Kyongki-do 463-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Food Metabolism and Nutrition, Korea Food Research Institute, 516 Paekhyon-dong, Pundang-ku, Songnam, Kyongki-do 463-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Ahn
- Research and Development Center, Nong Shim Co., Ltd., Seoul 156-709, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Sung Kim
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Yongin University, Kyongki-do, 134 Samka-dong, Chuin-ku, Yongin, Kyongki-do 449-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Kwon
- Department of Food Metabolism and Nutrition, Korea Food Research Institute, 516 Paekhyon-dong, Pundang-ku, Songnam, Kyongki-do 463-747, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
2-heptyl-formononetin increases cholesterol and induces hepatic steatosis in mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:926942. [PMID: 23738334 PMCID: PMC3657407 DOI: 10.1155/2013/926942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of isoflavones may prevent adiposity, hepatic steatosis, and dyslipidaemia. However, studies in the area are few and primarily with genistein. This study investigated the effects of formononetin and its synthetic analogue, 2-heptyl-formononetin (C7F), on lipid and cholesterol metabolism in C57BL/6J mice. The mice were fed a cholesterol-enriched diet for five weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia and were then fed either the cholesterol-enriched diet or the cholesterol-enriched diet-supplemented formononetin or C7F for three weeks. Body weight and composition, glucose homeostasis, and plasma lipids were compared. In another experiment, mice were fed the above diets for five weeks, and hepatic triglyceride accumulation and gene expression and histology of adipose tissue and liver were examined. Supplementation with C7F increased plasma HDL-cholesterol thereby increasing the plasma level of total cholesterol. Supplementation with formononetin did not affect plasma cholesterol but increased plasma triglycerides levels. Supplementation with formononetin and C7F induced hepatic steatosis. However, formononetin decreased markers of inflammation and liver injury. The development of hepatic steatosis was associated with deregulated expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. In conclusion, supplementation with formononetin and C7F to a cholesterol-enriched diet adversely affected lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in C57BL/6J mice.
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Cha YS, Kim SR, Yang JA, Back HI, Kim MG, Jung SJ, Song WO, Chae SW. Kochujang, fermented soybean-based red pepper paste, decreases visceral fat and improves blood lipid profiles in overweight adults. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2013; 10:24. [PMID: 23442518 PMCID: PMC3599636 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Health benefits of Kochujang (KCJ) and its bioactive compounds have been reported in several in vitro and animal studies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of KCJ supplementation on body composition and blood lipid profiles in overweight adults. METHODS Sixty overweight men and women with BMI ≥23 kg/m2 and waist-hip-ratio (WHR) ≥0.90 for men and ≥0.85 for women were randomly assigned to a KCJ supplement (n=30, 32 g/day) or placebo (n=30, 32 g/day) group for a 12-week, double-blind, placebo controlled study. We measured anthropometric parameters, serum lipid profiles, abdominal fat distribution by computerized tomography and calculated the atherosclerosis indices in 53 subjects (n=26 in KCJ group, n=27 in placebo group) who completed the study. RESULTS After 12 weeks, the KCJ group showed a significant reduction in visceral fat (cm2) (p<0.05), although body weight (kg) and WHR did not change. Serum concentration of triglycerides and ApoB were decreased when compared to those of the placebo group. CONCLUSION KCJ supplementation (32 g/day) for 12 weeks in overweight adults showed anti-atherosclerotic and anti-obesogenic effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trials.gov Identifier: NCT01532375.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Obesity Research Center, 664-14 Dukjin-Dong 1-Ga, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lee SI, Lee YK, Kim SD, Lee JE, Choi J, Bak JP, Lim JH, Suh JW, Lee IA. Effect of fermented soybean curd residue (FSCR; SCR-meju) byaspergillus oryzaeon the anti-obesity and lipids improvement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4163/jnh.2013.46.6.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Culinary Arts, Keimyung College, Daegu 704-703, Korea
| | - Ye-Kyung Lee
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| | - Soon-Dong Kim
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| | - Ji-Ean Lee
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| | - Jongkeun Choi
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chungwoon University, Hongseong 350-701, Korea
| | - Jong-Phil Bak
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Lim
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| | - In-Ae Lee
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cha YS, Yang JA, Back HI, Kim SR, Kim MG, Jung SJ, Song WO, Chae SW. Visceral fat and body weight are reduced in overweight adults by the supplementation of Doenjang, a fermented soybean paste. Nutr Res Pract 2012; 6:520-6. [PMID: 23346302 PMCID: PMC3542442 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2012.6.6.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Various forms of fermented soybean products are well documented for their health benefits. The efficacy of anti-obesogenic effect of Doenjang, one of the most commonly used seasonings in Korean cuisine, has been reported only in animal models; thus, an evaluation of Doenjang needs to be conducted in human studies. We aimed to test the hypothesis that Doenjang supplementation reduces body weight and changes body composition in overweight adults. A total of 51 overweight adults participated in this study. A group of males with BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 and waist to hip ratio (WHR) ≥ 0.90, and a group of females with BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 and WHR ≥ 0.85 were randomly assigned to either a Doenjang supplement (9.9 g dry/day) group or a placebo group for a 12-week randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study. Anthropometric parameters, abdominal fat distribution by computerized tomography (CT) and blood components were measured before and after the intervention period. After the 12-week study, the Doenjang supplementation group had significant reductions in body weight (kg), body fat mass (kg) and body fat (%) compared to the placebo group, the supplementation of Doenjang resulted in a significant reduction in visceral fat (cm2), although no changes were observed in total and subcutaneous fat are as (cm2), serum lipid profiles and dietary intakes. The present study demonstrated that daily supplementation of 9.9 g dry/day of Doenjang for 12 weeks reduces body weight and visceral fat in overweight adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 664-1, 1-ga, Dukjin-dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea. ; Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, 634-18, Geumam-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-172, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Weigt C, Hertrampf T, Zoth N, Fritzemeier KH, Diel P. Impact of estradiol, ER subtype specific agonists and genistein on energy homeostasis in a rat model of nutrition induced obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 351:227-38. [PMID: 22230815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are known to be involved in the control of energy homeostasis. Here we investigated the role of ER alpha and ER beta in a model of nutrition induced obesity. Ovariectomized Wistar rats were fed a high fat diet and received either vehicle, E2, ER subtype selective agonists (Alpha and Beta) or genistein. After 10 weeks, body weight, visceral fat, serum leptin, blood lipids, and in the soleus muscle anabolic markers were determined. Treatment with E2 and Alpha decreased body weight, total cholesterol and VLDL. Visceral fat mass, adipocyte size, and serum leptin were reduced by E2, Alpha and Beta. In the soleus muscle, treatment with E2 and Beta modulated Igf1 and Pax7 gene expression and resulted in larger muscle fibers. Our data indicate that blood lipids are affected via ER alpha, whereas activation of ER beta results in an increase of soleus muscle mass. Adipose tissue homeostasis seems to be affected via both ERs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Weigt
- German Sports University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Supplementation of Korean fermented soy paste doenjang reduces visceral fat in overweight subjects with mutant uncoupling protein-1 allele. Nutr Res 2012; 32:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Effects of Lycium barbarum aqueous and ethanol extracts on high-fat-diet induced oxidative stress in rat liver tissue. Molecules 2011; 16:9116-28. [PMID: 22045040 PMCID: PMC6264384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16119116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the protective effects of aqueous extract of Lycium barbarum (LBAE) and ethanol extract of Lycium barbarum (LBEE) on blood lipid levels, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and liver tissue antioxidant enzyme activities in rats fed a high fat diet (HF). The rats were randomly divided into seven groups of ten rats each and fed a different diet for eight weeks as follows: One group (NC group) was fed a standard diet, one group was fed a high-fat diet (HF group), one group was fed a high-fat diet and orally fed with 20 mg/kg b.w. simvastatin (HF + simvastatin group), and the other group was fed the high fat diet and orally fed with 50 mg/kg b.w. or 100 mg/kg b.w. LBAE (HF + LBAE), or 50 mg/kg b.w. or 100 mg/kg b.w. LBEE (HF + LBEE), respectively. After eight weeks, the HF diet caused deleterious metabolic effects. Rats fed the HF diet alone showed increased hepatocellular enzyme activities in plasma, a significant decline in antioxidant enzyme activities, and elevated liver lipid peroxidation indices. LBAE and LBEE administration significantly reduced liver damage and oxidative changes, and brought back the antioxidants and lipids towards normal levels. These data suggest that these antioxidants protect against toxicity parameters in HF rats.
Collapse
|
43
|
Kang JS, Lee WK, Lee CW, Yoon WK, Kim N, Park SK, Lee HS, Park HK, Han SB, Yun J, Lee K, Lee KH, Park SK, Kim HM. Improvement of high-fat diet-induced obesity by a mixture of red grape extract, soy isoflavone and L-carnitine: implications in cardiovascular and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2453-8. [PMID: 21745528 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effect of a mixture of dietary components, including red grape extract, soy isoflavone and L-carnitine (RISC), on obesity. RISC substantially inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)-induced increase in body weight in a dose-dependent manner in C57BL/6 mice. The amount of subcutaneous and mesenteric fat was also significantly decreased by RISC treatment in HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice, whereas epididymal fat was not affected. Moreover, HFD-induced plasma leptin levels were down-regulated by RISC treatment. In these mice, RISC treatment significantly increased the plasma level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol without affecting the level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. In addition, HFD-induced increase in liver weight and lipid accumulation in liver was significantly suppressed by RISC treatment in C57BL/6mice. Plasma level of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase was also inhibited by RISC treatment. These results demonstrate that RISC suppresses HFD-induced obesity and suggest that RISC supplementation might be a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of obesity and its complications, such as cardiovascular and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soon Kang
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kang JS, Lee WK, Yoon WK, Kim N, Park SK, Park HK, Ly SY, Han SB, Yun J, Lee CW, Lee K, Lee KH, Park SK, Kim HM. A combination of grape extract, green tea extract and L-carnitine improves high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1789-95. [PMID: 21480410 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To develop a therapeutic agent for obesity-related metabolic disorders, a mixture of dietary components was prepared, including grape extract, green tea extract and l-carnitine (RGTC), and its effects on obesity, hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease examined. The RGTC dramatically inhibited the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced increase in body weight and fat in C57BL/6 mice, whereas food consumption was not affected by RGTC treatment. The RGTC also concentration-dependently suppressed the HFD-induced increase in plasma lipids, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. In addition, increases in liver weight and liver steatosis were returned to normal by RGTC treatment in HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice. The plasma levels of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were also significantly down-regulated by RGTC treatment. These results suggest that RGTC suppressed HFD-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, suggesting that RGTC supplementation might be a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of these metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soon Kang
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hepatic gene expression profiles are altered by dietary unsalted korean fermented soybean (chongkukjang) consumption in mice with diet-induced obesity. J Nutr Metab 2011; 2011:260214. [PMID: 21437188 PMCID: PMC3062107 DOI: 10.1155/2011/260214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that Chongkukjang, traditional unsalted fermented soybean, has an antiobesity effect in mice with diet-induced obesity and examined the changes in hepatic transcriptional profiles using cDNA microarray. High-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: normal-diet control group (NDcon, 10% of total energy from fat), high-fat diet control group (HDcon, 45% of total energy from fat), and HDcon plus 40% Chongkukjang (HDC) and were fed for 9 weeks. The HDC group mice were pair-fed (isocalorie) with mice in the HDcon group. Final body weight, epididymal fat accumulation, serum total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were improved in HDC group. The cDNA microarray analyses revealed marked alterations in the expression of about 800 genes. Several genes involved in fatty acid catabolism (Acaa2, Mgll, Phyh, Slc27a2, and Slc27a5) were normalized by Chongkukjang consumption. This study showed beneficial effects of Chongkukjang consumption in preventing diet-induced obesity and related metabolic abnormalities.
Collapse
|
46
|
Neonatal exposure to genistein ameliorates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:105-13. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510005799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is becoming a prevalent disease in developing countries with no effective therapy. Isoflavones such as genistein have been shown to prevent NASH in a rat model, but the effects of neonatal exposure to genistein on lipid metabolism have been rarely studied. In the present study, three doses of genistein (30, 300 or 1200 μg/rat per d) were injected (subcutaneously) into neonatal male Sprague–Dawley rats at postnatal days 1–5. After weaning, these rats were allowed free access to a high-fat diet for 6 weeks. The results demonstrate that NASH was induced by high fat feeding in the control rats, whereas genistein-treated rats displayed smaller body weight, and lower hepatic inflammation and steatosis. The mid dose of genistein was most effective. Neonatal exposure to genistein also resulted in a lower incidence of apoptotic cells in the liver. Additionally, neonatal genistein-treated rats showed lower hepatic expression of fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, but higher expression of PPARα, indicative of lower rates of lipid synthesis and higher rates of β-oxidation. These results indicate that neonatal treatment with genistein has a prolonged effect on hepatic lipid metabolism that is maintained post-weaning, offering a potential approach for the prevention of hepatic steatosis and NASH.
Collapse
|
47
|
Che JH, Kwon E, Kim SH, You JR, Kim BH, Lee SJ, Chung JH, Kang BC. Acute and subchronic toxicity of FCD, a soybean extract combined with L-carnitine, in Sprague-Dawley rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 59:285-92. [PMID: 21078356 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Soy products are primarily composed of proteins, phytochemicals such as isoflavones, soy lipids, and carbohydrates. Recently, soy isoflavones with L-carnitine were reported to exhibit anti-obesity effects in mice. FCD, a combination of soybean extract and L-carnitine, is a newly developed food substance. As a part of its safety assessment, acute and 13-week subchronic toxicity studies were performed in a total of 100 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In the acute study, a single limit dose of 2000 mg/kg was orally administered to five male and five female rats. No adverse effects or mortality was observed during a 14-day period or upon gross pathological examination. In the subchronic study, FCD was orally administered in daily doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg for 13 weeks, resulting in no mortality, and no changes in hematological and serum biochemistry parameters, gross pathology or histopathology. However, body weights of females were significantly decreased 10 weeks after treatment at an average of 2000 mg/kg. In addition, a slight decrease in mean food and water consumption was observed at the same dose level for 13 weeks. Therefore, the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of FCD was considered to be 2000 mg/kg for male and 1000 mg/kg for female SD rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwan Che
- Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kim EJ, Kim E, Kwon EY, Jang HS, Hur CG, Choi MS. Network analysis of hepatic genes responded to high-fat diet in C57BL/6J mice: nutrigenomics data mining from recent research findings. J Med Food 2010; 13:743-56. [PMID: 20553184 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated complications, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and some cancers, have been a global health problem with a rapid increase of the obese population. In this study, we selected 31 obesity candidate genes in the liver of high-fat-induced obese C57BL/6J mice through investigation of literature search and analyzed functional protein-protein interaction of the genes using the STRING database. Most of the obesity candidate genes were closely connected through lipid metabolism, and in particular acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 appeared to be a core obesity gene. Overall, genes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation, fatty acid synthesis, and gluconeogenesis were up-regulated, and genes involved in sterol biosynthesis, insulin signaling, and oxidative stress defense system were down-regulated with a high-fat diet. Future identification of core obesity genes and their functional targets is expected to provide a new way to prevent obesity by phytochemicals or functional foods on the basis of food and nutritional genomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Food and Nutritional Genomics Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Xia DZ, Yu XF, Wang HM, Ren QY, Chen BM. Anti-Obesity and Hypolipidemic Effects of Ethanolic Extract fromAlpinia officinarumHance (Zingiberaceae) in Rats Fed High-Fat Diet. J Med Food 2010; 13:785-91. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Zong Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Fen Yu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ming Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Ya Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Mei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Avci G, Küçükkurt I, Küpeli Akkol E, Yeşilada E. Effects of escin mixture from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum on obesity in mice fed a high fat diet. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:247-252. [PMID: 20645808 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903085466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Escins, a triterpene glycoside mixture obtained from the ethanol extract of Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Hippocastanaceae) seed, was evaluated for its in vivo effects on the plasma levels of some hormones (leptin, insulin, FT(3), FT(4)) and biochemical parameters (glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C concentrations) in mice fed with a high fat diet for 5 weeks. A high fat diet induced a remarkable increment in the plasma leptin (p <0.01), total cholesterol (p <0.01) and LDL-C (p <0.001) concentrations compared to control group animals. Combined administration of a high-fat diet with escins decreased leptin (31.6%) (p<0.05) and FT(4) (36.0%) (p<0.05) levels, increased HDL-C concentration (17.0%), while remained ineffective on LDL-C concentration in mice. Results have shown that escins may have beneficial effects in the understanding of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülcan Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|