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Kim JW, Kim J, Lee SM, Rim YA, Sung YC, Nam Y, Kim HJ, Kim H, Jung SI, Lim J, Ju JH. Combination of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neuron progenitor cells with irradiated brain-derived neurotrophic factor over-expressing engineered mesenchymal stem cells enhanced restoration of axonal regeneration in a chronic spinal cord injury rat model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:173. [PMID: 38886817 PMCID: PMC11184802 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03770-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disease that causes permanent impairment of motor, sensory, and autonomic nervous system functions. Stem cell transplantation for neuron regeneration is a promising strategic treatment for SCI. However, selecting stem cell sources and cell transplantation based on experimental evidence is required. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of combination cell transplantation using the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) over-expressing engineered mesenchymal stem cell (BDNF-eMSC) and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neuron progenitor cell (iMNP) in a chronic SCI rat model. METHOD A contusive chronic SCI was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats. At 6 weeks post-injury, BDNF-eMSC and iMNP were transplanted into the lesion site via the intralesional route. At 12 weeks post-injury, differentiation and growth factors were evaluated through immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis. Motor neuron differentiation and neurite outgrowth were evaluated by co-culturing BDNF-eMSC and iMNP in vitro in 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional. RESULTS Combination cell transplantation in the chronic SCI model improved behavioral recovery more than single-cell transplantation. Additionally, combination cell transplantation enhanced mature motor neuron differentiation and axonal regeneration at the injured spinal cord. Both BDNF-eMSC and iMNP played a critical role in neurite outgrowth and motor neuron maturation via BDNF expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the combined transplantation of BDNF- eMSC and iMNP in chronic SCI results in a significant clinical recovery. The transplanted iMNP cells predominantly differentiated into mature motor neurons. Additionally, BDNF-eMSC exerts a paracrine effect on neuron regeneration through BDNF expression in the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Woon Kim
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center (CiRC), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juryun Kim
- YiPSCELL, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yeri Alice Rim
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center (CiRC), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yoojun Nam
- YiPSCELL, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyewon Kim
- YiPSCELL, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se In Jung
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center (CiRC), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lim
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center (CiRC), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center (CiRC), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
- YiPSCELL, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wang Z, Li J, Xu T, Guo B, Xie Z, Li M. The Efficacy of Different Material Scaffold-Guided Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Rats: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:43. [PMID: 38703332 PMCID: PMC11069479 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Cell transplantation is a promising treatment option for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, there is no consensus on the choice of carrier scaffolds to host the cells. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different material scaffold-mediated cell transplantation in treating SCI in rats. According to PRISMA's principle, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched, and relevant literature was referenced. Only original research on cell transplantation plus natural or synthetic scaffolds in SCI rats was included. Direct and indirect evidence for improving hind limb motor function was pooled through meta-analysis. A subgroup analysis of some factors that may affect the therapeutic effect was conducted to understand the results fully. In total, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria, in which 293 rats received sham surgery, 78 rats received synthetic material scaffolds, and 219 rats received natural materials scaffolds. The network meta-analysis demonstrated that although synthetic scaffolds were slightly inferior to natural scaffolds in terms of restoring motor function in cell transplantation of SCI rats, no statistical differences were observed between the two (MD: -0.35; 95% CI -2.6 to 1.9). Moreover, the subgroup analysis revealed that the type and number of cells may be important factors in therapeutic efficacy (P < 0.01). Natural scaffolds and synthetic scaffolds are equally effective in cell transplantation of SCI rats without significant differences. In the future, the findings need to be validated in multicenter, large-scale, randomized controlled trials in clinical practice. Trial registration: Registration ID CRD42024459674 (PROSPERO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.17, Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.17, Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, No.460, BaYi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tianqi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.17, Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, No.460, BaYi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Boyu Guo
- Department of the First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, No.460, BaYi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiping Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, No.152 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Jiangxi Hospital, Central South University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.17, Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Kim JW, Kim J, Mo H, Han H, Rim YA, Ju JH. Stepwise combined cell transplantation using mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neuron progenitor cells in spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:114. [PMID: 38650015 PMCID: PMC11036722 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an intractable neurological disease in which functions cannot be permanently restored due to nerve damage. Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy for neuroregeneration after SCI. However, experimental evidence of its therapeutic effect in SCI is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of transplanted cells using stepwise combined cell therapy with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neuron progenitor cells (iMNP) in a rat model of SCI. METHODS A contusive SCI model was developed in Sprague-Dawley rats using multicenter animal spinal cord injury study (MASCIS) impactor. Three protocols were designed and conducted as follows: (Subtopic 1) chronic SCI + iMNP, (Subtopic 2) acute SCI + multiple hMSC injections, and (Main topic) chronic SCI + stepwise combined cell therapy using multiple preemptive hMSC and iMNP. Neurite outgrowth was induced by coculturing hMSC and iPSC-derived motor neuron (iMN) on both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) spheroid platforms during mature iMN differentiation in vitro. RESULTS Stepwise combined cell therapy promoted mature motor neuron differentiation and axonal regeneration at the lesional site. In addition, stepwise combined cell therapy improved behavioral recovery and was more effective than single cell therapy alone. In vitro results showed that hMSC and iMN act synergistically and play a critical role in the induction of neurite outgrowth during iMN differentiation and maturation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that stepwise combined cell therapy can induce alterations in the microenvironment for effective cell therapy in SCI. The in vitro results suggest that co-culturing hMSC and iMN can synergistically promote induction of MN neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Woon Kim
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center (CiRC), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyunkyung Mo
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center (CiRC), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeju Han
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center (CiRC), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeri Alice Rim
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center (CiRC), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center (CiRC), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- YiPSCELL, Inc, Seoul, South Korea.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hosseini SM, Borys B, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Neural stem cell therapies for spinal cord injury repair: an update on recent preclinical and clinical advances. Brain 2024; 147:766-793. [PMID: 37975820 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a leading cause of lifelong disabilities. Permanent sensory, motor and autonomic impairments after SCI are substantially attributed to degeneration of spinal cord neurons and axons, and disintegration of neural network. To date, minimal regenerative treatments are available for SCI with an unmet need for new therapies to reconstruct the damaged spinal cord neuron-glia network and restore connectivity with the supraspinal pathways. Multipotent neural precursor cells (NPCs) have a unique capacity to generate neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Due to this capacity, NPCs have been an attractive cell source for cellular therapies for SCI. Transplantation of NPCs has been extensively tested in preclinical models of SCI in the past two decades. These studies have identified opportunities and challenges associated with NPC therapies. While NPCs have the potential to promote neuroregeneration through various mechanisms, their low long-term survival and integration within the host injured spinal cord limit the functional benefits of NPC-based therapies for SCI. To address this challenge, combinatorial strategies have been developed to optimize the outcomes of NPC therapies by enriching SCI microenvironment through biomaterials, genetic and pharmacological therapies. In this review, we will provide an in-depth discussion on recent advances in preclinical NPC-based therapies for SCI. We will discuss modes of actions and mechanism by which engrafted NPCs contribute to the repair process and functional recovery. We will also provide an update on current clinical trials and new technologies that have facilitated preparation of medical-grade human NPCs suitable for transplantation in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Manitoba Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Ben Borys
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Manitoba Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
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Aguado-Garrido M, García-Rama C, Romero-Ramírez L, Buzoianu-Anguiano V, Pérez-Rizo E, Kramer BW, Mey J. Improved Efficacy of Delayed Treatment with Human Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells Evaluated in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1548. [PMID: 38338827 PMCID: PMC10855798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) with uncultivated human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (bmSCs) prepared by negative selection has been proposed to be therapeutically superior to treatment with stem cells that were expanded in vitro. To explore their use in clinical trials, we studied the functional effects of delayed application at 7 days after SCI by testing different doses of bmSCs. Spinal cord contusion injury was induced in adult male Wistar rats at the thoracic level T9. Human bmSCs were prepared by negative selection without expansion in vitro (NeuroCellsTM). Treatment consisted of one 150 µL injection into the cisterna magna containing 0.5 or 2.5 million fresh bmSCs or 2.5 million bmSCs. The recovery of motor functions was evaluated during a surveillance period of six weeks (6 W), during which spinal cords were assessed histologically. Treatment resulted in a significant, dose-dependent therapeutic effect on the recovery of motor performance. The histological analysis revealed a lower degree of axonal degeneration and better survival of neurons and oligodendrocytes in bmSCs treated rats. Our results support delayed intrathecal application of bmSCs prepared by negative selection without expansion in vitro as a treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jörg Mey
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- EURON Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Roman A, Huntemer-Silveira A, Waldron MA, Khalid Z, Blake J, Parr AM, Low WC. Cell Transplantation for Repair of the Spinal Cord and Prospects for Generating Region-Specific Exogenic Neuronal Cells. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241241998. [PMID: 38590295 PMCID: PMC11005494 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241241998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with currently irreversible consequences in several functional components of the central nervous system. Despite the severity of injury, there remains no approved treatment to restore function. However, with a growing number of preclinical studies and clinical trials, cell transplantation has gained significant potential as a treatment for SCI. Researchers have identified several cell types as potential candidates for transplantation. To optimize successful functional outcomes after transplantation, one key factor concerns generating neuronal cells with regional and subtype specificity, thus calling on the developmental transcriptome patterning of spinal cord cells. A potential source of spinal cord cells for transplantation is the generation of exogenic neuronal progenitor cells via the emerging technologies of gene editing and blastocyst complementation. This review highlights the use of cell transplantation to treat SCI in the context of relevant developmental gene expression patterns useful for producing regionally specific exogenic spinal cells via in vitro differentiation and blastocyst complementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Roman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anne Huntemer-Silveira
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Madison A. Waldron
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zainab Khalid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey Blake
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ann M. Parr
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Walter C. Low
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Rybachuk O, Nesterenko Y, Pinet É, Medvediev V, Yaminsky Y, Tsymbaliuk V. Neuronal differentiation and inhibition of glial differentiation of murine neural stem cells by pHPMA hydrogel for the repair of injured spinal cord. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114497. [PMID: 37517459 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, several therapeutic methods of treating the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) are being considered. On the one hand, transplantation of stem cells (SCs), in particular, neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), is promising, as these cells have the potential to differentiate into nervous tissue cells, able to enhance endogenous regeneration and prevent the development of inflammatory processes. On the other hand, it is quite promising to replace the damaged nervous tissue with synthetic matrices, in particular hydrogels, which can create artificial conditions for the regenerative growth of injured nerve fibers through the spinal cord injury area, i.e. stimulate and support axonal regeneration and myelination. In this work, we combined both of these novel approaches by populating (injecting or rehydrating) a heteroporous pHPMA hydrogel (NeuroGel) with murine hippocampal NSPCs. Being inside the hydrogel (10 days of cultivation), NSPCs were more differentiated into neurons: 19.48% ± 1.71% (the NSPCs injection into the hydrogel) and 36.49% ± 4.20% (the hydrogel rehydration in the NSPCs suspension); in control cultures, the level of differentiation in neurons was only 2.40% ± 0.31%. Differentiation of NSPCs into glial cells, in particular into oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, was also observed - 8.89% ± 2.15% and 6.21% ± 0.80% for injection and rehydration variants, respectively; in control - 28.75% ± 2.08%. In the control NSPCs culture, there was a small number of astrocytes - 2.11% ± 0.43%. Inside the hydrogel, NSPCs differentiation in astrocytes was not observed. In vitro data showed that the hydrogel promotes the differentiation of NSPCs into neurons, and inhibits the differentiation into glial cells. And in vivo showed post-traumatic recovery of rat spinal cord tissue after injury followed by implantation of the hydrogel+NSPCs complex (approximately 7 months after SCI). The implant area was closely connected with the recipient tissue, and the recipient cells freely grew into the implant itself. Inside the implant, a formed dense neuronal network was visible. In summary, the results are primarily an experimental ground for further studies of implants based on pHPMA hydrogel with populated different origin SCs, and the data also indicate the feasibility and efficiency of using an integrated approach to reduce possible negative side effects and facilitate the rehabilitation process after a SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Rybachuk
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine; State Institution National Scientific Center the M.D. Strazhesko Institute of Cardiology, Clinical and Regenerative Medicine, NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine.
| | - Yuliia Nesterenko
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | | | - Volodymyr Medvediev
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine; Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Yurii Yaminsky
- State Institution "Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv 04050, Ukraine
| | - Vitaliy Tsymbaliuk
- Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine; State Institution "Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv 04050, Ukraine
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Zeng CW. Advancing Spinal Cord Injury Treatment through Stem Cell Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Cell Types, Challenges, and Emerging Technologies in Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14349. [PMID: 37762654 PMCID: PMC10532158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) can lead to significant neurological deficits and lifelong disability, with far-reaching physical, psychological, and economic consequences for affected individuals and their families. Current treatments for SCIs are limited in their ability to restore function, and there is a pressing need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy to promote the regeneration and repair of damaged neural tissue following SCIs. This review article comprehensively discusses the potential of different stem cell types, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), in SCI treatment. We provide an in-depth analysis of the unique advantages and challenges associated with each stem cell type, as well as the latest advancements in the field. Furthermore, we address the critical challenges faced in stem cell therapy for SCIs, including safety concerns, ethical considerations, standardization of protocols, optimization of transplantation parameters, and the development of effective outcome measures. We also discuss the integration of novel technologies such as gene editing, biomaterials, and tissue engineering to enhance the therapeutic potential of stem cells. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of collaborative efforts among various stakeholders in the scientific community, including researchers, clinicians, bioengineers, industry partners, and patients, to overcome these challenges and realize the full potential of stem cell therapy for SCI patients. By fostering such collaborations and advancing our understanding of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, we can pave the way for the development of groundbreaking therapies that improve the lives of those affected by SCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Zeng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Ou YC, Huang CC, Kao YL, Ho PC, Tsai KJ. Stem Cell Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1691-1708. [PMID: 37115409 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that enormously affects an individual's health and quality of life. Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is one of the most important sequelae induced by SCI, causing complications including urinary tract infection, renal function deterioration, urinary incontinence, and voiding dysfunction. Current therapeutic methods for SCI-induced NLUTD mainly target on the urinary bladder, but the outcomes are still far from satisfactory. Stem cell therapy has gained increasing attention for years for its ability to rescue the injured spinal cord directly. Stem cell differentiation and their paracrine effects, including exosomes, are the proposed mechanisms to enhance the recovery from SCI. Several animal studies have demonstrated improvement in bladder function using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs). Human clinical trials also provide promising results in urodynamic parameters after MSC therapy. However, there is still uncertainty about the ideal treatment window and application protocol for stem cell therapy. Besides, data on the therapeutic effects regarding NSCs and stem cell-derived exosomes in SCI-related NLUTD are scarce. Therefore, there is a pressing need for further well-designed human clinical trials to translate the stem cell therapy into a formal therapeutic option for SCI-induced NLUTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Chien Ou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lin Kao
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital , College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Hejrati N, Wong R, Khazaei M, Fehlings MG. How can clinical safety and efficacy concerns in stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury be overcome? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:883-899. [PMID: 37545020 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2245321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to severe neurological dysfunction. Despite scientific and medical advances, clinically effective regenerative therapies including stem cells are lacking for SCI. AREAS COVERED This paper discusses translational challenges related to the safe, effective use of stem cells for SCI, with a focus on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), Schwann cells (SCs), olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We discuss approaches to enhance the efficacy of cell-based strategies by i) addressing patient heterogeneity and enhancing patient selection; ii) selecting cell type, cell source, cell developmental stage, and delivery technique; iii) enhancing graft integration and mitigating immune-mediated graft rejection; and iv) ensuring availability of cells. Additionally, we review strategies to optimize outcomes including combinatorial use of rehabilitation and discuss ways to mitigate potential risks of tumor formation associated with stem cell-based strategies. EXPERT OPINION Basic science research will drive translational advances to develop stem cell-based therapies for SCI. Genetic, serological, and imaging biomarkers may enable individualization of cell-based treatments. Moreover, combinatorial strategies will be required to enhance graft survival, migration and functional integration, to enable precision-based intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Hejrati
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery & Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Raymond Wong
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamad Khazaei
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Tian B, Liu J, Guo S, Li A, Wan JB. Macromolecule-based hydrogels nanoarchitectonics with mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative medicine: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125161. [PMID: 37270118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of regenerative medicine in clinical therapies is becoming increasingly vital. Under specific conditions, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of differentiating into mesoblastema (i.e., adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes) and other embryonic lineages. Their application in regenerative medicine has attracted a great deal of interest among researchers. To maximize the potential applications of MSCs, materials science could provide natural extracellular matrices and provide an effective means to understand the various mechanisms of differentiation for the growth of MSCs. Pharmaceutical fields are represented among the research on biomaterials by macromolecule-based hydrogel nanoarchitectonics. Various biomaterials have been used to prepare hydrogels with their unique chemical and physical properties to provide a controlled microenvironment for the culture of MSCs, laying the groundwork for future practical applications in regenerative medicine. This article currently describes and summarizes the sources, characteristics, and clinical trials of MSCs. In addition, it describes the differentiation of MSCs in various macromolecule-based hydrogel nanoarchitectonics and highlights the preclinical studies of MSCs-loaded hydrogel materials in regenerative medicine conducted over the past few years. Finally, the challenges and prospects of MSC-loaded hydrogels are discussed, and the future development of macromolecule-based hydrogel nanoarchitectonics is outlined by comparing the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingren Tian
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Jiayue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Songlin Guo
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Aiqin Li
- Department of Day-care Unit, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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12
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Huang LY, Sun X, Pan HX, Wang L, He CQ, Wei Q. Cell transplantation therapies for spinal cord injury focusing on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: Advances and challenges. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:385-399. [PMID: 37342219 PMCID: PMC10277963 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with complex pathological mechanisms that lead to sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction below the site of injury. To date, no effective therapy is available for the treatment of SCI. Recently, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have been considered to be the most promising source for cellular therapies following SCI. The objective of the present review is to summarize the most recent insights into the cellular and molecular mechanism using BMMSC therapy to treat SCI. In this work, we review the specific mechanism of BMMSCs in SCI repair mainly from the following aspects: Neuroprotection, axon sprouting and/or regeneration, myelin regeneration, inhibitory microenvironments, glial scar formation, immunomodulation, and angiogenesis. Additionally, we summarize the latest evidence on the application of BMMSCs in clinical trials and further discuss the challenges and future directions for stem cell therapy in SCI models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yi Huang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong-Xia Pan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Qi He
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Quan Wei
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan Province, China
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13
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Coyoy-Salgado A, Orozco-Barrios C, Sánchez-Torres S, Olayo MG, Cruz GJ, Morales-Corona J, Olayo R, Diaz-Ruiz A, Ríos C, Alvarez-Mejia L, Mondragón-Lozano R, Morales-Guadarrama A, Alonso-García AL, Fabela-Sánchez O, Salgado-Ceballos H. Gene expression and locomotor recovery in adult rats with spinal cord injury and plasma-synthesized polypyrrole/iodine application combined with a mixed rehabilitation scheme. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1124245. [PMID: 37288064 PMCID: PMC10243140 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1124245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause paralysis, for which effective therapeutic strategies have not been developed yet. The only accepted strategy for patients is rehabilitation (RB), although this does not allow complete recovery of lost functions, which makes it necessary to combine it with strategies such as plasma-synthesized polypyrrole/iodine (PPy/I), a biopolymer with different physicochemical properties than PPy synthesized by conventional methods. After SCI in rats, PPy/I promotes functional recovery. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to increase the beneficial effects of both strategies and identify which genes activate PPy/I when applied alone or in combination with a mixed scheme of RB by swimming and enriched environment (SW/EE) in rats with SCI. Methods Microarray analysis was performed to identify mechanisms of action underlying the effects of PPy/I and PPy/I+SW/EE on motor function recovery as evaluated by the BBB scale. Results Results showed robust upregulation by PPy/I in genes related to the developmental process, biogenesis, synapse, and synaptic vesicle trafficking. In addition, PPy/I+SW/EE increased the expression of genes related to proliferation, biogenesis, cell development, morphogenesis, cell differentiation, neurogenesis, neuron development, and synapse formation processes. Immunofluorescence analysis showed the expression of β-III tubulin in all groups, a decreased expression of caspase-3 in the PPy/I group and GFAP in the PPy/I+SW/EE group (p < 0.05). Better preservation of nerve tissue was observed in PPy/I and PPy/SW/EE groups (p < 0.05). In the BBB scale, the control group scored 1.72 ± 0.41, animals with PPy/I treatment scored 4.23 ± 0.33, and those with PPy/I+SW/EE scored 9.13 ± 0.43 1 month after follow-up. Conclusion Thus, PPy/I+SW/EE could represent a therapeutic alternative for motor function recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Coyoy-Salgado
- Researchers for Mexico CONACyT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Medical Research Unit in Neurological Diseases, Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
- Research Center of the Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Orozco-Barrios
- Researchers for Mexico CONACyT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Medical Research Unit in Neurological Diseases, Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
- Research Center of the Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stephanie Sánchez-Torres
- Research Center of the Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Medical Research Unit in Neurological Diseases, Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Olayo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Department of Physics, Axapusco, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Jesus Cruz
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Department of Physics, Axapusco, Mexico
| | - Juan Morales-Corona
- Department of Physics, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Olayo
- Department of Physics, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Diaz-Ruiz
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez S.S.A., Department of Neurochemistry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Camilo Ríos
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez S.S.A., Department of Neurochemistry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Alvarez-Mejia
- Research Center of the Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Medical Research Unit in Neurological Diseases, Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Mondragón-Lozano
- Researchers for Mexico CONACyT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Medical Research Unit in Neurological Diseases, Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
- Research Center of the Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Axayacatl Morales-Guadarrama
- Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
- National Center for Research in Imaging and Medical Instrumentation, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Omar Fabela-Sánchez
- Researchers for Mexico CONACyT-Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Department of Chemistry Macromolecules and Nanomaterials, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - Hermelinda Salgado-Ceballos
- Research Center of the Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Medical Research Unit in Neurological Diseases, Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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David BT, Curtin JJ, Brown JL, Scorpio K, Kandaswamy V, Coutts DJC, Vivinetto A, Bianchimano P, Karuppagounder SS, Metcalfe M, Cave JW, Hill CE. Temporary induction of hypoxic adaptations by preconditioning fails to enhance Schwann cell transplant survival after spinal cord injury. Glia 2023; 71:648-666. [PMID: 36565279 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning is protective in multiple models of injury and disease, but whether it is beneficial for cells transplanted into sites of spinal cord injury (SCI) is largely unexplored. In this study, we analyzed whether hypoxia-related preconditioning protected Schwann cells (SCs) transplanted into the contused thoracic rat spinal cord. Hypoxic preconditioning was induced in SCs prior to transplantation by exposure to either low oxygen (1% O2 ) or pharmacological agents (deferoxamine or adaptaquin). All preconditioning approaches induced hypoxic adaptations, including increased expression of HIF-1α and its target genes. These adaptations, however, were transient and resolved within 24 h of transplantation. Pharmacological preconditioning attenuated spinal cord oxidative stress and enhanced transplant vascularization, but it did not improve either transplanted cell survival or recovery of sensory or motor function. Together, these experiments show that hypoxia-related preconditioning is ineffective at augmenting either cell survival or the functional outcomes of SC-SCI transplants. They also reveal that the benefits of hypoxia-related adaptations induced by preconditioning for cell transplant therapies are not universal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T David
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Jessica J Curtin
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer L Brown
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Kerri Scorpio
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Veena Kandaswamy
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - David J C Coutts
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ana Vivinetto
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Paola Bianchimano
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Saravanan S Karuppagounder
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Mariajose Metcalfe
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - John W Cave
- InVitro Cell Research, LLC, Englewood, New Jersey, USA
| | - Caitlin E Hill
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.,Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, New York, USA
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15
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Smaling A, Romero-Ramírez L, Mey J. Is TGR5 a therapeutic target for the treatment of spinal cord injury? J Neurochem 2023; 164:454-467. [PMID: 36409000 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids, which are synthesized in liver and colon, facilitate the digestion of dietary lipids. In addition to this metabolic function, they also act as molecular signals with activities in the nervous system. These are mediated primarily by a G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor (known as TGR5). Preceded by a long tradition in Chinese medicine, bile acids are now being investigated as therapeutic options in several neuropathologies. Specifically, one bile acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), which passes the blood-brain barrier and shows anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, has been tested in animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI). In this review, we discuss the evidence for a therapeutic benefit in these preclinical experiments. At the time of writing, 12 studies with TGR5 agonists have been published that report functional outcomes with rodent models of SCI. Most investigations found cytoprotective effects and benefits regarding the recovery of sensorimotor function in the subacute phase. When TUDCA was applied in a hydrogel into the lesion site, a significant improvement was obtained at 2 weeks after SCI. However, no lasting improvements with TUDCA treatment were found, when animals were assessed in later, chronic stages. A combination of TUDCA with stem cell injection failed to improve the effect of the cellular treatment. We conclude that the evidence does not support the use of TUDCA as a treatment of SCI. Nevertheless, cytoprotective effects suggest that different modes of application or combinatorial therapies might still be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Smaling
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience and EURON Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jörg Mey
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience and EURON Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
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16
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Rybachuk O, Savytska N, Pinet É, Yaminsky Y, Medvediev V. Heterogeneous pHPMA hydrogel promotes neuronal differentiation of bone marrow derived stromal cells in vitroand in vivo. Biomed Mater 2023; 18. [PMID: 36542861 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acadc3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic hydrogels composed of polymer pore frames are commonly used in medicine, from pharmacologically targeted drug delivery to the creation of bioengineering constructions used in implantation surgery. Among various possible materials, the most common are poly-[N(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] (pHPMA) derivatives. One of the pHPMA derivatives is biocompatible hydrogel, NeuroGel. Upon contact with nervous tissue, the NeuroGel's structure can support the chemical and physiological conditions of the tissue necessary for the growth of native cells. Owing to the different pore diameters in the hydrogel, not only macromolecules, but also cells can migrate. This study evaluated the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into neurons, as well as the effectiveness of using this biofabricated system in spinal cord injuryin vivo. The hydrogel was populated with BMSCs by injection or rehydration. After cultivation, these fragments (hydrogel + BMSCs) were implanted into the injured rat spinal cord. Fragments were immunostained before implantation and seven months after implantation. During cultivation with the hydrogel, both variants (injection/rehydration) of the BMSCs culture retained their viability and demonstrated a significant number of Ki-67-positive cells, indicating the preservation of their proliferative activity. In hydrogel fragments, BMSCs also maintained their viability during the period of cocultivation and were Ki-67-positive, but in significantly fewer numbers than in the cell culture. In addition, in fragments of hydrogel with grafted BMSCs, both by the injection or rehydration versions, we observed a significant number up to 57%-63.5% of NeuN-positive cells. These results suggest that the heterogeneous pHPMA hydrogel promotes neuronal differentiation of bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Furthermore, these data demonstrate the possible use of NeuroGel implants with grafted BMSCs for implantation into damaged areas of the spinal cord, with subsequent nerve fiber germination, nerve cell regeneration, and damaged segment restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Rybachuk
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, M. D. Strazhesko National Scientific Center of Cardiology, Clinical and Regenerative Medicine, NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Savytska
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Yurii Yaminsky
- State Institution 'Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute, NAMS of Ukraine', Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Medvediev
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
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17
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Kim DH, Cho HJ, Park CY, Cho MS, Kim DW. Transplantation of PSA-NCAM-Positive Neural Precursors from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Promotes Functional Recovery in an Animal Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:1349-1358. [PMID: 36036887 PMCID: PMC9679075 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in permanent impairment of motor and sensory functions at and below the lesion site. There is no therapeutic option to the functional recovery of SCI involving diverse injury responses of different cell types in the lesion that limit endogenous nerve regeneration. In this regard, cell replacement therapy utilizing stem cells or their derivatives has become a highly promising approach to promote locomotor recovery. For this reason, the demand for a safe and efficient multipotent cell source that can differentiate into various neural cells is increasing. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of human polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM)-positive neural precursor cells (hNPCsPSA-NCAM+) as a treatment for SCI. METHODS One hundred thousand hNPCsPSA-NCAM+ isolated from human embryonic stem cell-derived NPCs were transplanted into the lesion site by microinjection 7 days after contusive SCI at the thoracic level. We examined the histological characteristics of the graft and behavioral improvement in the SCI rats 10 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS Locomotor activity improvement was estimated by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale. Behavioral tests revealed that the transplantation of the hNPCsPSA-NCAM+ into the injured spinal cords of rats significantly improved locomotor function. Histological examination showed that hNPCsPSA-NCAM+ had differentiated into neural cells and successfully integrated into the host tissue with no evidence of tumor formation. We investigated cytokine expressions, which led to the early therapeutic effect of hNPCsPSA-NCAM+, and found that some undifferentiated NPCs still expressed midkine, a well-known neurotrophic factor involved in neural development and inflammatory responses, 10 weeks after transplantation. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that hNPCsPSA-NCAM+ serve as a safe and efficient cell source which has the potential to improve impaired motor function following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Program for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd, 2nd Floor, 28 Seongsui-ro 26-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04797, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd, 2nd Floor, 28 Seongsui-ro 26-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04797, South Korea
| | - Chul-Yong Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd, 2nd Floor, 28 Seongsui-ro 26-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04797, South Korea
| | - Myung Soo Cho
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd, 2nd Floor, 28 Seongsui-ro 26-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04797, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Program for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd, 2nd Floor, 28 Seongsui-ro 26-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04797, South Korea.
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18
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Liu G, Zhao Z, Wang H, Hao C, Wang W, Zhang C, Wang T, Li X, Xi J, Li S, Long H, Mi Y, Miao L, Chen Y, Xu L, Zheng L, Wang H, Ding N, Zhu F, Ge Q, Liu Y. Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Different Delivery Route and Dosages in Rat Models of Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221139734. [PMID: 36448598 PMCID: PMC9716590 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221139734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) may be a promising strategy for treating spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) with different administration routes and dosages on SCI rats. Following T10-spinal cord contusion in Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 60), three different dosages of hUC-MSCs were intrathecally injected into rats (SCI-ITH) after 24 h. Intravenous injection of hUC-MSCs (SCI-i.v.) and methylprednisolone reagent (SCI-PC) were used as positive controls (N = 10/group). A SCI control group without treatment and a sham operation group were injected with Multiple Electrolyte Injection solution. The locomotor function was assessed by Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) rating score, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histopathology, and immunofluorescence. ELISA was conducted to further analyze the nerve injury and inflammation in the rat SCI model. Following SCI, BBB scores were significantly lower in the SCI groups compared with the sham operation group, but all the treated groups showed the recovery of hind-limb motor function, and rats receiving the high-dose intrathecal injection of hUC-MSCs (SCI-ITH-H) showed improved outcomes compared with rats in hUC-MSCs i.v. and positive control groups. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant edema and spinal cord lesion in the SCI groups, and significant recovery was observed in the medium and high-dose hUC-MSCs ITH groups. Histopathological staining showed that the necrotic area in spinal cord tissue was significantly reduced in the hUC-MSCs ITH-H group, and the immunofluorescence staining confirmed the neuroprotection effect of hUC-MSCs infused on SCI rats. The increase of inflammatory cytokines was repressed in hUC-MSCs ITH-H group. Our results confirmed that hUC-MSC administered via intrathecal injection has dose-dependent neuroprotection effect in SCI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyang Liu
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institution, Beijing Yi-Chuang Institute of Bio-Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiling Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Herui Wang
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institution, Beijing Yi-Chuang Institute of Bio-Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhua Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenliang Zhang
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institution, Beijing Yi-Chuang Institute of Bio-Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Tiehua Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institution, Beijing Yi-Chuang Institute of Bio-Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Xi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyun Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haomiao Long
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institution, Beijing Yi-Chuang Institute of Bio-Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Mi
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institution, Beijing Yi-Chuang Institute of Bio-Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Li Miao
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institution, Beijing Yi-Chuang Institute of Bio-Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Chen
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institution, Beijing Yi-Chuang Institute of Bio-Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Liqiang Xu
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institution, Beijing Yi-Chuang Institute of Bio-Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Libo Zheng
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institution, Beijing Yi-Chuang Institute of Bio-Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institution, Beijing Yi-Chuang Institute of Bio-Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institution, Beijing Yi-Chuang Institute of Bio-Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Zhu
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institution, Beijing Yi-Chuang Institute of Bio-Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Qinggang Ge
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institution, Beijing Yi-Chuang Institute of Bio-Industry, Beijing, China,Yongjun Liu, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institution, Beijing Yi-Chuang Institute of Bio-Industry, Beijing 100176, China.
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19
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Wang S, Qian W, Chen S, Xian S, Jin M, Liu Y, Zhang H, Qin H, Zhang X, Zhu J, Yue X, Shi C, Yan P, Huang R, Huang Z. Bibliometric analysis of research on gene expression in spinal cord injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1023692. [PMID: 36385766 PMCID: PMC9661966 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1023692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe disease with motor and sensory function being destroyed, which leads to a poor prognosis and a serious financial burden. It is urgent to figure out the molecular and pathological mechanisms of SCI to develop feasible therapeutic strategies. This article aims to review documents focused on gene expression in SCI and summarize research hotspots and the development process in this field. Methods Publications of SCI-related studies from 2000 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Biblioshiny was used to evaluate the research performance, core authors, journals and contributed countries, together with trend topics, hotspots in the field, and keyword co-occurrence analysis. Visualized images were obtained to help comprehension. Results Among 351 documents, it was found that the number of annual publications increased in general. The most productive country was China, followed by the United States with the highest influence and the most international cooperation. Plos One was the journal of the maximum publications, while Journal of Neuroscience was the most influential one. According to keyword co-occurrence and trend topics analysis, these articles mainly focused on molecular and pathological mechanisms as well as novel therapies for SCI. Neuropathic pain, axonal regeneration and messenger RNA are significant and promising research areas. Conclusion As the first bibliometric study focused on gene expression in SCI, we demonstrated the evolution of the field and provided future research directions like mechanisms and treatments of SCI with great innovativeness and clinical value. Further studies are recommended to develop more viable therapeutic methods for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijin Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaofeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengwei Qin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinkun Zhang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwen Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Penghui Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongqiang Huang, ; Runzhi Huang, ; Penghui Yan,
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zongqiang Huang, ; Runzhi Huang, ; Penghui Yan,
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongqiang Huang, ; Runzhi Huang, ; Penghui Yan,
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20
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Amatachaya S, Khuna L, Thaweewannakij T. Responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference of the five times sit-to-stand test in ambulatory individuals with spinal cord injury: A six-month prospective cohort study. Clin Rehabil 2022; 37:109-118. [PMID: 36046885 DOI: 10.1177/02692155221122672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the responsiveness and minimal clinically important differences of the five times sit-to-stand test in ambulatory individuals with spinal cord injury. METHODS This six-month prospective cohort study was conducted in 109 individuals with spinal cord injury who could walk with or without a walking device for at least 10 meters. Participants were assessed for the five times sit-to-stand test in the four arm-placement conditions and standard measures to determine responsiveness of the test, at baseline, and one, three, and six months. At six months, participants were also interviewed for the global rating of change to estimate the minimal clinically important differences of the five times sit-to-stand test. RESULTS The five times sit-to-stand test showed large internal responsiveness (standardized response means>0.83), with moderate external responsiveness as compared to the 10-meter walk test (ρ = -0.28 to -0.48, p < 0.005). The changes in the outcomes >2.27 and >2 s could be used to indicate a level of minimal clinically important change for participants who executed the test with and without hands, respectively. CONCLUSION The five times sit-to-stand test is a responsiveness measure for ambulatory individuals with spinal cord injury. The levels of minimal clinically important differences found in this study (>2.27 and >2 s) can be applied as a useful benchmark for the decision of clinically relevant changes over time for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugalya Amatachaya
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, 26684Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Improvement of Physical Performance and Quality of Life (IPQ) Research Group, 26684Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Lalita Khuna
- Improvement of Physical Performance and Quality of Life (IPQ) Research Group, 26684Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, 26686Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Thiwabhorn Thaweewannakij
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, 26684Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Improvement of Physical Performance and Quality of Life (IPQ) Research Group, 26684Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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21
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Liu X, Song S, Chen Z, Gao C, Li Y, Luo Y, Huang J, Zhang Z. Release of O-GlcNAc transferase inhibitor promotes neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells in 3D bioprinted supramolecular hydrogel scaffold for spinal cord injury repair. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:148-162. [PMID: 36002129 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Precise fabrication of biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) structure and effective neuronal differentiation under the pathological environment are the key to neural stem cell (NSC)-based spinal cord injury (SCI) therapy. In this study, we have developed a spinal cord-like bioprinted scaffold loading with OSMI-4, a small molecule O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) inhibitor, to induce and guide the neuron differentiation of NSCs for efficient SCI repair. To achieve this, we developed a supramolecular bioink (SM bioink) consisting of methacrylated gelatin and acrylated β-cyclodextrins to load NSCs and OSMI-4. This bioink showed fast gelation and stable mechanical properties, facilitating bioprinting of functional neural scaffolds. Moreover, the weak host-guest cross-linking of the SM scaffolds significantly improved the cell-matrix interaction for the infiltration and migration of NSCs. What's more, the sustained delivery of OSMI-4 remarkably enhanced the intrinsic neuronal differentiation of the encapsulated NSCs in vitro by inhibiting Notch signaling pathway. In vivo experiment further revealed that the functional bioprinted scaffolds promoted the neuronal regeneration and axonal growth, leading to significant locomotor recovery of the SCI model rats. Together, the NSC-laden bioprinted SM scaffolds in combination with sustained release of the therapeutic agent OSMI-4 largely induced neuronal differentiation of NSCs and thus leading to efficient SCI repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Efficient neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) under the complex pathological microenvironment of spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major challenge of neural regeneration. By the use of a supramolecular bioink, we bioprinted a spinal cord-like scaffold loaded with NSCs and a small molecule drug OSMI-4 to significantly induce neuronal differentiation of NSCs for efficient SCI repair in vivo. The scaffolds with spinal cord-like structure can support the interaction and neuronal differentiation of NSCs by providing a dynamic matrix and a source of molecular release of OSMI-4. The influences of OSMI-4 on NSCs and its molecular mechanism were investigated for the first time in this study. Altogether, three-dimensional bioprinting fabrication of NSC- and small molecule drug-laden biomimetic construct may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shaoshuai Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhongjin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chen Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Non-coding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jie Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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22
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Hu R, Shi M, Xu H, Wu X, He K, Chen Y, Wu L, Ma R. Integrated bioinformatics analysis identifies the effects of Sema3A/NRP1 signaling in oligodendrocytes after spinal cord injury in rats. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13856. [PMID: 35990904 PMCID: PMC9390322 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of Sema3A/NRP1 signaling in oligodendrocytes (OLs) after spinal cord injury. Methods Three analysis strategies, namely differential expression gene analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, were applied. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING website to explore the correlation between Sema3A/NRP1 and oligodendrocytes. Then, the T10 spinal cord segment of rats was injured by the Allen method to establish a spinal cord injury (SCI) model. Real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, Nissl staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the effect of Sema3A/NRP1 signaling on oligodendrocytes in vivo. Results After the SCI model was established, significantly fewer oligodendrocytes were observed. At the same time, R software was used to analyze the expression of related genes, and NRP1 expression was increased. PCR also demonstrated similar results, and NRP1 ligand Sema3A was also upregulated. KEGG and GO functional enrichment analysis indicated that the SCI model was mainly related to cytokine interaction, cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation. Interestingly, we found that NRP1 was involved in semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway neuronal projection guidance and axon guidance, mediating cell growth and migration. Moreover, Sema3A/NRP1 signaling was closely associated with platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) in the PPI network. When Sema3A/NRP1 signaling was specifically blocked at early stages, PDGFRα expression was effectively inhibited, and the expression of OLs was promoted. Furthermore, inhibition of Sema3A/NRP1 signaling increased the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score of lower limb motor function in SCI rats and promoted the survival of motor neurons in the ventral horn of the injured spinal cord. Conclusion Our data suggest that Sema3A/NRP1 signaling may regulate the development of OPCs and OLs after SCI, thereby affecting functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), HangZhou, China
| | - Mengting Shi
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), HangZhou, China
| | - Haipeng Xu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), HangZhou, China
| | - Xingying Wu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), HangZhou, China
| | - Kelin He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), HangZhou, China,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhongshan Hospital of Zhejiang Province), HangZhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), HangZhou, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhongshan Hospital of Zhejiang Province), HangZhou, China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), HangZhou, China,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhongshan Hospital of Zhejiang Province), HangZhou, China
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23
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Shi M, Chu F, Jin T, Zhu J. Progress in treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD): Novel insights into therapeutic possibilities in NMOSD. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:981-991. [PMID: 35426485 PMCID: PMC9160456 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which is a severely disabling disorder leading to devastating sequelae or even death. Repeated acute attacks and the presence of aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) antibody are the typical characteristics of NMOSD. Recently, the phase III trials of the newly developed biologicals therapies have shown their effectiveness and good tolerance to a certain extent when compared with the traditional therapy with the first- and second-line drugs. However, there is still a lack of large sample, double-blind, randomized, clinical studies to confirm their efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Especially, these drugs have no clear effect on NMOSD patients without AQP4-IgG and refractory patients. Therefore, it is of strong demand to further conduct large sample, double-blind, randomized, clinical trials, and novel therapeutic possibilities in NMOSD are discussed briefly here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Shi
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fengna Chu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Reduces Neuroinflammation but Does Not Support Long Term Functional Recovery of Rats with Spinal Cord Injury. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071501. [PMID: 35884805 PMCID: PMC9313003 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bile acid tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) reduces cell death under oxidative stress and inflammation. Implants of bone marrow-derived stromal cells (bmSC) are currently under investigation in clinical trials of spinal cord injury (SCI). Since cell death of injected bmSC limits the efficacy of this treatment, the cytoprotective effect of TUDCA may enhance its benefit. We therefore studied the therapeutic effect of TUDCA and its use as a combinatorial treatment with human bmSC in a rat model of SCI. A spinal cord contusion injury was induced at thoracic level T9. Treatment consisted of i.p. injections of TUDCA alone or in combination with one injection of human bmSC into the cisterna magna. The recovery of motor functions was assessed during a surveillance period of six weeks. Biochemical and histological analysis of spinal cord tissue confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of TUDCA. Treatment improved the recovery of autonomic bladder control and had a positive effect on motor functions in the subacute phase, however, benefits were only transient, such that no significant differences between vehicle and TUDCA-treated animals were observed 1–6 weeks after the lesion. Combinatorial treatment with TUDCA and bmSC failed to have an additional effect compared to treatment with bmSC only. Our data do not support the use of TUDCA as a treatment of SCI.
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25
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Liu S, Yang H, Chen D, Xie Y, Tai C, Wang L, Wang P, Wang B. Three-dimensional bioprinting sodium alginate/gelatin scaffold combined with neural stem cells and oligodendrocytes markedly promoting nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac038. [PMID: 35801010 PMCID: PMC9255276 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating research has indicated that the transplantation of combined stem cells and scaffolds is an effective method for spinal cord injury (SCI). The development of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology can make the 3D scaffolds combined with cells more accurate and effective for SCI treatment. However, unmyelinated newborn nerve fibers have no nerve signaling conduction, hampering recovery of motor function. In this study, we designed and printed a type of sodium alginate/gelatin scaffold loaded with neural stem cells and oligodendrocytes, which were involved in the formation of the myelin sheaths of neural cell axons. In order to observe the effectiveness of this 3D bioprinting scaffold, we transplanted it into the completely transected rat spinal cord, and then immunofluorescence staining, hematoxylin–eosin staining and behavioral assessment were performed. The results showed that this 3D bioprinting scaffold markedly improved the hindlimb motor function and promoted nerve regeneration. These findings suggested that this novel 3D bioprinting scaffold was a good carrier for cells transplantation, thereby enhancing spinal cord repair following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Clinical Stem Cell Center, , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Clinical Stem Cell Center, , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Clinical Stem Cell Center, , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Clinical Stem Cell Center, , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - ChenXu Tai
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Clinical Stem Cell Center, , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liudi Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Clinical Stem Cell Center, , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Clinical Stem Cell Center, , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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26
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Feng Y, Li Y, Shen PP, Wang B. Gene-Modified Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury: a Promising Better Alternative Therapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2662-2682. [PMID: 35587330 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds great promise for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI), which can reverse neurodegeneration and promote tissue regeneration via its pluripotency and ability to secrete neurotrophic factors. Although various stem cell-based approaches have shown certain therapeutic effects when applied to the treatment of SCI, their clinical efficacies have been disappointing. Thus, it is an urgent need to further enhance the neurological benefits of stem cells through bioengineering strategies including genetic engineering. In this review, we summarize the progress of stem cell therapy for SCI and the prospect of genetically modified stem cells, focusing on the genome editing tools and functional molecules involved in SCI repair, trying to provide a deeper understanding of genetically modified stem cell therapy and more applicable clinical strategies for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Feng
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Li
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping-Ping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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27
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Cell-based and stem-cell-based treatments for spinal cord injury: evidence from clinical trials. Lancet Neurol 2022; 21:659-670. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Zhu D, Cao Z, Pang X, Jiang W, Li C, Zhang X, Tian X, Tu H, Wu P, Nie H. Derivation of Stem Cell-like Cells From Spherical Culture of Astrocytes for Enhanced Neural Repair After Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:875514. [PMID: 35445000 PMCID: PMC9013960 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.875514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural precursor cells (NPCs) tend to aggregate and develop into three-dimensional (3D) spheres, which in turn help maintain the stemness of the cells. This close relationship between spherical environments and cell stemness direct us to assume that 3D spheres of astrocytes (ASTs) may facilitate the acquisition of stem cell-like features and generate sufficient seed cells for the regeneration of neurons. In vitro results confirmed that mouse ASTs cultured on agarose surfaces spontaneously formed cell spheres and exhibited molecular features similar to stem cells, particularly capable of further differentiating into neurons and forming functional synaptic networks with synchronous burst activities. RNA-sequencing results revealed the similarity between AST-derived stem cells (A-iSCs) and NPCs in global gene expression profiles. The potency of A-iSCs in repairing neural injuries was evaluated in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. It was observed that the transplanted A-iSCs expressed a series of markers related to neural differentiation, such as NeuN, Tuj1, and Map2, indicating the conversion of the transplanted A-iSCs into neurons in the scenario. We also found that the injured mice injected with A-iSCs exhibited significant improvements in sensorimotor functions after 8 weeks compared with the sham and control mice. Taken together, mouse ASTs form cell spheres on agarose surfaces and acquire stem cell-associated features; meanwhile, the derived A-iSCs possess the capacity to differentiate into neurons and facilitate the regeneration of damaged nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheming Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Chihao Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xibin Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Haijun Tu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hemin Nie, ; Panfeng Wu, ; Haijun Tu,
| | - Panfeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hemin Nie, ; Panfeng Wu, ; Haijun Tu,
| | - Hemin Nie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hemin Nie, ; Panfeng Wu, ; Haijun Tu,
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Xu GY, Xu S, Zhang YX, Yu ZY, Zou F, Ma XS, Xia XL, Zhang WJ, Jiang JY, Song J. Cell-Free Extracts from Human Fat Tissue with a Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogel Attenuate Inflammation in a Spinal Cord Injury Model through M2 Microglia/Microphage Polarization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107838. [PMID: 35333441 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Treatment for spinal cord injuries (SCIs) is often ineffective because SCIs result in a loss of nerve tissue, glial scar formation, local ischemia and secondary inflammation. The current promising strategy for SCI is the combination of bioactive materials and cytokines. Bioactive materials support the injured spinal cord, stabilize the morphology, and avoid excessive inflammatory responses. Fat extract (FE) is a cell-free liquid component containing a variety of cytokines extracted from human fat tissue using mechanical methods. In this research, a biocompatible HAMC (hyaluronan and methylcellulose) loaded with FE is used to treat a model of spinal cord contusion in mice. The composite not only inhibits death of neuro- and vascular cells and leads to the preservation of neural and vascular structure, but also modulates the inflammatory phenotype of macrophages in the locally injured region. Specifically, FE promotes the polarization of macrophages from an inflammatory M1 phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. During the screening of the involved pathways, it is corroborated that activation of the STAT6/Arg-1 signaling pathway is involved in macrophage M2 polarization. In summary, FE is a promising treatment for SCI, as it is easy to obtain, nonimmunogenic, and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yu Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shun Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zi-You Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xin-Lei Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jian-Yuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
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Yan Y, Wang X, Zhu G. Endometrium Derived Stem Cells as Potential Candidates in Nervous System Repair. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:485-498. [PMID: 35235077 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Limited cell division and lack of endogenous repair mechanisms in the central nervous system, hampers tissue repair following neurodegenerative diseases or tissue injuries. Unlike central nervous system; peripheral nervous system has some capacity to repair after injury, but in case of critical sized defects the use of supporting cells in the neural guidance channels seems inevitable to obtain a satisfactory functional recovery. Stem cell therapies have provided new frontiers in the repair of nervous system largely through paracrine secretion mechanisms. The therapeutic potential of stem cells differs according to their tissue of origin, mode of isolation, administration route, and passage number. During the past decades, studies have been focused on stem cells harvested from disposable tissues such as menstrual blood or biopsies from endometrium. These cells are characterized by their high differentiation and proliferation potential, ease of harvest, and lack of ethical concerns. In the current review, we will discuss the prospects and challenges of endometrial stem cells' application in nervous system repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifen Yan
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Maojian District, No. 39, Chaoyang Zhong Road, Shiyan City, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Maojian District, No. 39, Chaoyang Zhong Road, Shiyan City, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guijuan Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Maojian District, No. 39, Chaoyang Zhong Road, Shiyan City, 442000, Hubei Province, China.
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31
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Fu H, Hu D, Chen J, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Qi C, Yu T. Repair of the Injured Spinal Cord by Schwann Cell Transplantation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:800513. [PMID: 35250447 PMCID: PMC8891437 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.800513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in sensorimotor impairments or disability. Studies of the cellular response to SCI have increased our understanding of nerve regenerative failure following spinal cord trauma. Biological, engineering and rehabilitation strategies for repairing the injured spinal cord have shown impressive results in SCI models of both rodents and non-human primates. Cell transplantation, in particular, is becoming a highly promising approach due to the cells’ capacity to provide multiple benefits at the molecular, cellular, and circuit levels. While various cell types have been investigated, we focus on the use of Schwann cells (SCs) to promote SCI repair in this review. Transplantation of SCs promotes functional recovery in animal models and is safe for use in humans with subacute SCI. The rationales for the therapeutic use of SCs for SCI include enhancement of axon regeneration, remyelination of newborn or sparing axons, regulation of the inflammatory response, and maintenance of the survival of damaged tissue. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which transplanted SCs exert a reparative effect on SCI. Moreover, SC-based therapeutic strategies face considerable challenges in preclinical studies. These issues must be clarified to make SC transplantation a feasible clinical option. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in SC transplantation for SCI, and highlight proposed mechanisms and challenges of SC-mediated therapy. The sparse information available on SC clinical application in patients with SCI is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Fu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Die Hu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinli Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qizun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Department of Trauma Emergency Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Orthopaedics Research Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Qi,
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Tengbo Yu,
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Suzuki H, Imajo Y, Funaba M, Nishida N, Sakamoto T, Sakai T. Current Concepts of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Therapy for Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:794692. [PMID: 35185471 PMCID: PMC8850278 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.794692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that results in major neurological deficits and social burden. It continues to be managed symptomatically, and no real therapeutic strategies have been devised for its treatment. Neural stem/neural progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) being used for the treatment of chronic SCI in experimental SCI models can not only replace the lost cells and remyelinate axons in the injury site but also support their growth and provide neuroprotective factors. Currently, several clinical studies using NSCs/NPCs are underway worldwide. NSCs/NPCs also have the potential to differentiate into all three neuroglial lineages to regenerate neural circuits, demyelinate denuded axons, and provide trophic support to endogenous cells. This article explains the challenging pathophysiology of chronic SCI and discusses key NSC/NPC-based techniques having the greatest potential for translation over the next decade.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Human Spinal Cord Injury: The Effect on Individual Values of pNF-H, GFAP, S100 Proteins and Selected Growth Factors, Cytokines and Chemokines. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:578-596. [PMID: 35723326 PMCID: PMC8929137 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, there is no effective way to treat the consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI leads to the death of neural and glial cells and widespread neuroinflammation with persisting for several weeks after the injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy is one of the most promising approaches in the treatment of this injury. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression profile of multiple cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and so-called neuromarkers in the serum of an SCI patient treated with autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). SCI resulted in a significant increase in the levels of neuromarkers and proteins involved in the inflammatory process. BM-MSCs administration resulted in significant changes in the levels of neuromarkers (S100, GFAP, and pNF-H) as well as changes in the expression of proteins and growth factors involved in the inflammatory response following SCI in the serum of a patient with traumatic SCI. Our preliminary results encouraged that BM-MSCs with their neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects could affect the repair process after injury.
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Kaplan B, Levenberg S. The Role of Biomaterials in Peripheral Nerve and Spinal Cord Injury: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031244. [PMID: 35163168 PMCID: PMC8835501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve and spinal cord injuries are potentially devastating traumatic conditions with major consequences for patients’ lives. Severe cases of these conditions are currently incurable. In both the peripheral nerves and the spinal cord, disruption and degeneration of axons is the main cause of neurological deficits. Biomaterials offer experimental solutions to improve these conditions. They can be engineered as scaffolds that mimic the nerve tissue extracellular matrix and, upon implantation, encourage axonal regeneration. Furthermore, biomaterial scaffolds can be designed to deliver therapeutic agents to the lesion site. This article presents the principles and recent advances in the use of biomaterials for axonal regeneration and nervous system repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Kaplan
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
- Bruce Rapaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
- Correspondence:
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35
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Miah M, Ferretti P, Choi D. Considering the Cellular Composition of Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplants for Spinal Cord Injury Repair: A Review of the Literature. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:781489. [PMID: 34867207 PMCID: PMC8635789 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.781489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are specialized glia cells of the olfactory system that support the continual regeneration of olfactory neurons throughout adulthood. Owing to their pro-regenerative properties, OECs have been transplanted in animal models of spinal cord injuries (SCI) and trialed in clinical studies on SCI patients. Although these studies have provided convincing evidence to support the continued development of OEC transplantation as a treatment option for the repair of SCI, discrepancies in the reported outcome has shown that OEC transplantation requires further improvement. Much of the variability in the reparative potential of OEC transplants is due to the variations in the cell composition of transplants between studies. As a result, the optimal cell preparation is currently a subject of debate. Here we review, the characterization as well as the effect of the cell composition of olfactory cell transplantation on therapeutic outcome in SCI. Firstly, we summarize and review the cell composition of olfactory cell preparations across the different species studied prior to transplantation. Since the purity of cells in olfactory transplants might affect the study outcome we also examine the effect of the proportions of OECs and the different cell types identified in the transplant on neuroregeneration. Finally, we consider the effect of the yield of cells on neuroregeneration by assessing the cell dose of transplants on therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahjabeen Miah
- Spinal Repair Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrizia Ferretti
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Choi
- Spinal Repair Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Martín-López M, González-Muñoz E, Gómez-González E, Sánchez-Pernaute R, Márquez-Rivas J, Fernández-Muñoz B. Modeling chronic cervical spinal cord injury in aged rats for cell therapy studies. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 94:76-85. [PMID: 34863466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With an expanding elderly population, an increasing number of older adults will experience spinal cord injury (SCI) and might be candidates for cell-based therapies, yet there is a paucity of research in this age group. The objective of the present study was to analyze how aged rats tolerate behavioral testing, surgical procedures, post-operative complications, intra-spinal cell transplantation and immunosuppression, and to examine the effectiveness of human iPSC-derived Neural Progenitor Cells (IMR90-hiPSC-NPCs) in a model of SCI. We performed behavioral tests in rats before and after inducing cervical hemi-contusions at C4 level with a fourth-generation Ohio State University Injury Device. Four weeks later, we injected IMR90-hiPSC-NPCs in animals that were immunosuppressed by daily cyclosporine injection. Four weeks after injection we analyzed locomotor behavior and mortality, and histologically assessed the survival of transplanted human NPCs. As rats aged, their success at completing behavioral tests decreased. In addition, we observed high mortality rates during behavioral training (41.2%), after cervical injury (63.2%) and after cell injection (50%). Histological analysis revealed that injected cells survived and remained at and around the grafted site and did not cause tumors. No locomotor improvement was observed in animals four weeks after IMR90-hiPSC-NPC transplantation. Our results show that elderly rats are highly vulnerable to interventions, and thus large groups of animals must be initially established to study the potential efficacy of cell-based therapies in age-related chronic myelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martín-López
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación celular (UPRC), Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RAdytTA), 41092 Sevilla, Spain; Grupo de Neurociencia Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Sevilla (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Programa de Doctorado en Biología Molecular, Biomedicina e Investigación Clínica, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Elena González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Emilio Gómez-González
- Grupo de Neurociencia Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Sevilla (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Grupo de Física Interdisciplinar, Departamento de Física Aplicada III, ETS Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Rosario Sánchez-Pernaute
- Unidad de Coordinación, Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RAdytTA), 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Javier Márquez-Rivas
- Grupo de Neurociencia Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Sevilla (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Muñoz
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación celular (UPRC), Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RAdytTA), 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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37
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Long-Term Effects of Neural Precursor Cell Transplantation on Secondary Injury Processes and Functional Recovery after Severe Cervical Contusion-Compression Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313106. [PMID: 34884911 PMCID: PMC8658203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a devastating event without adequate treatment options despite decades of research. In this context, the usefulness of common preclinical SCI models has been criticized. We, therefore, aimed to use a clinically relevant animal model of severe cervical SCI to assess the long-term effects of neural precursor cell (NPC) transplantation on secondary injury processes and functional recovery. To this end, we performed a clip contusion-compression injury at the C6 level in 40 female Wistar rats and a sham surgery in 10 female Wistar rats. NPCs, isolated from the subventricular zone of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing transgenic rat embryos, were transplanted ten days after the injury. Functional recovery was assessed weekly, and FluoroGold (FG) retrograde fiber-labeling, as well as manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI), were performed prior to the sacrifice of the animals eight weeks after SCI. After cryosectioning of the spinal cords, immunofluorescence staining was conducted. Results were compared between the treatment groups (NPC, Vehicle, Sham) and statistically analyzed (p < 0.05 was considered significant). Despite the severity of the injury, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality during the experiment, long-term survival of the engrafted NPCs with a predominant differentiation into oligodendrocytes could be observed after eight weeks. While myelination of the injured spinal cord was not significantly improved, NPC treated animals showed a significant increase of intact perilesional motor neurons and preserved spinal tracts compared to untreated Vehicle animals. These findings were associated with enhanced preservation of intact spinal cord tissue. However, reactive astrogliosis and inflammation where not significantly reduced by the NPC-treatment. While differences in the Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) score and the Gridwalk test remained insignificant, animals in the NPC group performed significantly better in the more objective CatWalk XT gait analysis, suggesting some beneficial effects of the engrafted NPCs on the functional recovery after severe cervical SCI.
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38
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Martin-Lopez M, Fernandez-Muñoz B, Canovas S. Pluripotent Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury Repair. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123334. [PMID: 34943842 PMCID: PMC8699436 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition of the central nervous system that strongly reduces the patient’s quality of life and has large financial costs for the healthcare system. Cell therapy has shown considerable therapeutic potential for SCI treatment in different animal models. Although many different cell types have been investigated with the goal of promoting repair and recovery from injury, stem cells appear to be the most promising. Here, we review the experimental approaches that have been carried out with pluripotent stem cells, a cell type that, due to its inherent plasticity, self-renewal, and differentiation potential, represents an attractive source for the development of new cell therapies for SCI. We will focus on several key observations that illustrate the potential of cell therapy for SCI, and we will attempt to draw some conclusions from the studies performed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Martin-Lopez
- Cellular Reprogramming and Production Unit, Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.M.-L.); (S.C.)
| | - Beatriz Fernandez-Muñoz
- Cellular Reprogramming and Production Unit, Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Sebastian Canovas
- Physiology of Reproduction Group, Physiology Department, Mare Nostrum Campus, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.-L.); (S.C.)
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Nicaise AM, D'Angelo A, Ionescu RB, Krzak G, Willis CM, Pluchino S. The role of neural stem cells in regulating glial scar formation and repair. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:399-414. [PMID: 34820704 PMCID: PMC8975756 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glial scars are a common pathological occurrence in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and injuries. They are caused after severe damage and consist of reactive glia that form a barrier around the damaged tissue that leads to a non-permissive microenvironment which prevents proper endogenous regeneration. While there are a number of therapies that are able to address some components of disease, there are none that provide regenerative properties. Within the past decade, neural stem cells (NSCs) have been heavily studied due to their potent anti-inflammatory and reparative capabilities in disease and injury. Exogenously applied NSCs have been found to aid in glial scar healing by reducing inflammation and providing cell replacement. However, endogenous NSCs have also been found to contribute to the reactive environment by different means. Further understanding how NSCs can be leveraged to aid in the resolution of the glial scar is imperative in the use of these cells as regenerative therapies. To do so, humanised 3D model systems have been developed to study the development and maintenance of the glial scar. Herein, we explore the current work on endogenous and exogenous NSCs in the glial scar as well as the novel 3D stem cell–based technologies being used to model this pathology in a dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Nicaise
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Andrea D'Angelo
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosana-Bristena Ionescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grzegorz Krzak
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cory M Willis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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40
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Stem Cell Secretome for Spinal Cord Repair: Is It More than Just a Random Baseline Set of Factors? Cells 2021; 10:cells10113214. [PMID: 34831436 PMCID: PMC8625005 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of thousands of people suffer spinal cord injuries each year. The experimental application of stem cells following spinal cord injury has opened a new era to promote neuroprotection and neuroregeneration of damaged tissue. Currently, there is great interest in the intravenous administration of the secretome produced by mesenchymal stem cells in acute or subacute spinal cord injuries. However, it is important to highlight that undifferentiated neural stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are able to adapt to the damaged environment and produce the so-called lesion-induced secretome. This review article focuses on current research related to the secretome and the lesion-induced secretome and their roles in modulating spinal cord injury symptoms and functional recovery, emphasizing different compositions of the lesion-induced secretome in various models of spinal cord injury.
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41
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Hodgetts SI, Lovett SJ, Baron-Heeris D, Fogliani A, Sturm M, Van den Heuvel C, Harvey AR. Effects of amyloid precursor protein peptide APP96-110, alone or with human mesenchymal stromal cells, on recovery after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1376-1386. [PMID: 34782585 PMCID: PMC8643048 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of a peptide (APP96-110), derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP), has been shown to elicit neuroprotective effects following cerebral stroke and traumatic brain injury. In this study, the effect of APP96-110 or a mutant version of this peptide (mAPP96-110) was assessed following moderate (200 kdyn, (2 N)) thoracic contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult Nude rats. Animals received a single tail vein injection of APP96-110 or mAPP96-110 at 30 minutes post-SCI and were then assessed for functional improvements over the next 8 weeks. A cohort of animals also received transplants of either viable or non-viable human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) into the SC lesion site at one week post-injury to assess the effect of combining intravenous APP96-110 delivery with hMSC treatment. Rats were perfused 8 weeks post-SCI and longitudinal sections of spinal cord analyzed for a number of factors including hMSC viability, cyst size, axonal regrowth, glial reactivity and macrophage activation. Analysis of sensorimotor function revealed occasional significant differences between groups using Ladderwalk or Ratwalk tests, however there were no consistent improvements in functional outcome after any of the treatments. mAPP96-110 alone, and APP96-110 in combination with both viable and non-viable hMSCs significantly reduced cyst size compared to SCI alone. Combined treatments with donor hMSCs also significantly increased βIII tubulin+, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP+) and laminin+ expression, and decreased ED1+ expression in tissues. This preliminary study demonstrates that intravenous delivery of APP96-110 peptide has selective, modest neuroprotective effects following SCI, which may be enhanced when combined with hMSC transplantation. However, the effects are less pronounced and less consistent compared to the protective morphological and cognitive impact that this same peptide has on neuronal survival and behaviour after stroke and traumatic brain injury. Thus while the efficacy of a particular therapeutic approach in one CNS injury model may provide justification for its use in other neurotrauma models, similar outcomes may not necessarily occur and more targeted approaches suited to location and severity are required. All animal experiments were approved by The University of Western Australia Animal Ethics Committee (RA3/100/1460) on April 12, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart I Hodgetts
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA); Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sarah J Lovett
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - D Baron-Heeris
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - A Fogliani
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marian Sturm
- Cell and Tissue Therapies WA (CTTWA), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - C Van den Heuvel
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alan R Harvey
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA); Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
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42
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Assunção Silva RC, Pinto L, Salgado AJ. Cell transplantation and secretome based approaches in spinal cord injury regenerative medicine. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:850-896. [PMID: 34783046 DOI: 10.1002/med.21865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The axonal growth-restrictive character of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) makes finding a therapeutic strategy a very demanding task, due to the postinjury events impeditive to spontaneous axonal outgrowth and regeneration. Considering SCI pathophysiology complexity, it has been suggested that an effective therapy should tackle all the SCI-related aspects and provide sensory and motor improvement to SCI patients. Thus, the current aim of any therapeutic approach for SCI relies in providing neuroprotection and support neuroregeneration. Acknowledging the current SCI treatment paradigm, cell transplantation is one of the most explored approaches for SCI with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) being in the forefront of many of these. Studies showing the beneficial effects of MSC transplantation after SCI have been proposing a paracrine action of these cells on the injured tissues, through the secretion of protective and trophic factors, rather than attributing it to the action of cells itself. This manuscript provides detailed information on the most recent data regarding the neuroregenerative effect of the secretome of MSCs as a cell-free based therapy for SCI. The main challenge of any strategy proposed for SCI treatment relies in obtaining robust preclinical evidence from in vitro and in vivo models, before moving to the clinics, so we have specifically focused on the available vertebrate and mammal models of SCI currently used in research and how can SCI field benefit from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Assunção Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's e PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,BnML, Behavioral and Molecular Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's e PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,BnML, Behavioral and Molecular Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's e PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Shinozaki M, Nagoshi N, Nakamura M, Okano H. Mechanisms of Stem Cell Therapy in Spinal Cord Injuries. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102676. [PMID: 34685655 PMCID: PMC8534136 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, 0.93 million people worldwide suffer from spinal cord injury (SCI) with irretrievable sequelae. Rehabilitation, currently the only available treatment, does not restore damaged tissues; therefore, the functional recovery of patients remains limited. The pathophysiology of spinal cord injuries is heterogeneous, implying that potential therapeutic targets differ depending on the time of injury onset, the degree of injury, or the spinal level of injury. In recent years, despite a significant number of clinical trials based on various types of stem cells, these aspects of injury have not been effectively considered, resulting in difficult outcomes of trials. In a specialty such as cancerology, precision medicine based on a patient’s characteristics has brought indisputable therapeutic advances. The objective of the present review is to promote the development of precision medicine in the field of SCI. Here, we first describe the multifaceted pathophysiology of SCI, with the temporal changes after injury, the characteristics of the chronic phase, and the subtypes of complete injury. We then detail the appropriate targets and related mechanisms of the different types of stem cell therapy for each pathological condition. Finally, we highlight the great potential of stem cell therapy in cervical SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehisa Shinozaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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44
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Khan A, Diaz A, Brooks AE, Burks SS, Athauda G, Wood P, Lee YS, Silvera R, Donaldson M, Pressman Y, Anderson KD, Bunge MB, Pearse DD, Dietrich WD, Guest JD, Levi AD. Scalable culture techniques to generate large numbers of purified human Schwann cells for clinical trials in human spinal cord and peripheral nerve injuries. J Neurosurg Spine 2021; 36:135-144. [PMID: 34479193 DOI: 10.3171/2020.11.spine201433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schwann cells (SCs) have been shown to play an essential role in axon regeneration in both peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) and spinal cord injuries (SCIs). The transplantation of SCs as an adjunctive therapy is currently under investigation in human clinical trials due to their regenerative capacity. Therefore, a reliable method for procuring large quantities of SCs from peripheral nerves is necessary. This paper presents a well-developed, validated, and optimized manufacturing protocol for clinical-grade SCs that are compliant with Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs). METHODS The authors evaluated the SC culture manufacturing data from 18 clinical trial participants who were recruited for autologous SC transplantation due to subacute SCI (n = 7), chronic SCI (n = 8), or PNIs (n = 3). To initiate autologous SC cultures, a mean nerve length of 11.8 ± 3.7 cm was harvested either from the sural nerve alone (n = 17) or with the sciatic nerve (n = 1). The nerves were digested with enzymes and SCs were isolated and further expanded in multiple passages to meet the dose requirements for transplantation. RESULTS An average yield of 87.2 ± 89.2 million cells at P2 and 150.9 ± 129.9 million cells at P3 with high viability and purity was produced. Cell counts and rates of expansion increased with each subsequent passage from P0 to P3, with the largest rate of expansion between P2 and P3. Larger harvest nerve lengths correlated significantly with greater yields at P0 and P1 (p < 0.05). In addition, a viability and purity above 90% was sustained throughout all passages in nearly all cell products. CONCLUSIONS This study presents reliable CGMP-compliant manufacturing methods for autologous SC products that are suitable for regenerative treatment of patients with SCI, PNI, or other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Khan
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,3Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, and Departments of
| | - Anthony Diaz
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,2Department of Neurological Surgery
| | - Adriana E Brooks
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,3Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, and Departments of
| | - S Shelby Burks
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,2Department of Neurological Surgery
| | - Gagani Athauda
- 7Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida; and
| | - Patrick Wood
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,2Department of Neurological Surgery
| | - Yee-Shuan Lee
- 3Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, and Departments of
| | - Risset Silvera
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,3Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, and Departments of
| | - Maxwell Donaldson
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,3Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, and Departments of
| | | | - Kim D Anderson
- 8Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, MetroHealth Medical Center, Institute for Functional Restoration, Case Western Reserve University School, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mary Bartlett Bunge
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,2Department of Neurological Surgery.,4Cell Biology and
| | - Damien D Pearse
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,2Department of Neurological Surgery.,3Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, and Departments of.,6Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,2Department of Neurological Surgery.,4Cell Biology and.,5Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami
| | - James D Guest
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,2Department of Neurological Surgery
| | - Allan D Levi
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,2Department of Neurological Surgery
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45
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McCreedy DA, Jalufka FL, Platt ME, Min SW, Kirchhoff MA, Pritchard AL, Reid SK, Manlapaz R, Mihaly E, Butts JC, Iyer NR, Sakiyama-Elbert SE, Crone SA, McDevitt TC. Passive Clearing and 3D Lightsheet Imaging of the Intact and Injured Spinal Cord in Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:684792. [PMID: 34408627 PMCID: PMC8366232 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.684792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord contains a diverse array of sensory and motor circuits that are essential for normal function. Spinal cord injury (SCI) permanently disrupts neural circuits through initial mechanical damage, as well as a cascade of secondary injury events that further expand the spinal cord lesion, resulting in permanent paralysis. Tissue clearing and 3D imaging have recently emerged as promising techniques to improve our understanding of the complex neural circuitry of the spinal cord and the changes that result from damage due to SCI. However, the application of this technology for studying the intact and injured spinal cord remains limited. Here, we optimized the passive CLARITY technique (PACT) to obtain gentle and efficient clearing of the murine spinal cord without the need for specialized equipment. We demonstrate that PACT clearing enables 3D imaging of multiple fluorescent labels in the spinal cord to assess molecularly defined neuronal populations, acute inflammation, long-term tissue damage, and cell transplantation. Collectively, these procedures provide a framework for expanding the utility of tissue clearing to enhance the study of spinal cord neural circuits, as well as cellular- and tissue-level changes that occur following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A. McCreedy
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Frank L. Jalufka
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Madison E. Platt
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sun Won Min
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Megan A. Kirchhoff
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Anna L. Pritchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Shelby K. Reid
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Eszter Mihaly
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Nisha R. Iyer
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Steven A. Crone
- Division of Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Todd C. McDevitt
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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46
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Dietz V. Restoration of motor function after CNS damage: is there a potential beyond spontaneous recovery? Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab171. [PMID: 34396118 PMCID: PMC8361425 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
What determines the effectiveness of neurorehabilitation approaches on the outcome of function in stroke or spinal cord injured subjects? Many studies claim that an improvement of function is based on the intensity of training, while some actual studies indicate no additional gain in function by a more intensive training after a stroke. Inherent factors seem to determine outcome, such as damage of specific tracts in stroke and level of lesion in spinal cord injured subjects, while the improvement of function achieved by an intensive training is small in relation to the spontaneous recovery. It is argued that an individual capacity of recovery exists depending on such factors. This capacity can be exploited by a repetitive execution of functional movements (supported as far as required), irrespective of the intensity and technology applied. Elderly subjects have difficulties to translate the recovery of motor deficit into function. Alternative, non-training approaches to restore motor function, such as epidural or deep brain stimulation as well as CNS repair are still in an early clinical or in a translational stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Dietz
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, University Hospital Balgrist, Zürich, Switzerland
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47
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Zeraatpisheh Z, Mirzaei E, Nami M, Alipour H, Mahdavipour M, Sarkoohi P, Torabi S, Azari H, Aligholi H. Local delivery of fingolimod through PLGA nanoparticles and PuraMatrix-embedded neural precursor cells promote motor function recovery and tissue repair in spinal cord injury. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5620-5637. [PMID: 34251711 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating clinical problem that can lead to permanent motor dysfunction. Fingolimod (FTY720) is a sphingosine structural analogue, and recently, its therapeutic benefits in SCI have been reported. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of fingolimod-incorporated poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (nanofingolimod) delivered locally together with neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) transplantation in a mouse model of contusive acute SCI. Fingolimod was encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles by the emulsion-evaporation method. Mouse NS/PCs were harvested and cultured from embryonic Day 14 (E14) ganglionic eminences. Induction of SCI was followed by the intrathecal delivery of nanofingolimod with and without intralesional transplantation of PuraMatrix-encapsulated NS/PCs. Functional recovery, injury size and the fate of the transplanted cells were evaluated after 28 days. The nanofingolimod particles represented spherical morphology. The entrapment efficiency determined by UV-visible spectroscopy was approximately 90%, and the drug content of fingolimod loaded nanoparticles was 13%. About 68% of encapsulated fingolimod was slowly released within 10 days. Local delivery of nanofingolimod in combination with NS/PCs transplantation led to a stronger improvement in neurological functions and minimized tissue damage. Furthermore, co-administration of nanofingolimod and NS/PCs not only increased the survival of transplanted cells but also promoted their fate towards more oligodendrocytic phenotype. Our data suggest that local release of nanofingolimod in combination with three-dimensional (3D) transplantation of NS/PCs in the acute phase of SCI could be a promising approach to restore the damaged tissues and improve neurological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zeraatpisheh
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Neuroscience Laboratory (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Neuroscience Laboratory (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Alipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mahdavipour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Sarkoohi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Torabi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Azari
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hadi Aligholi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Neuroscience Laboratory (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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48
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Monje PV, Deng L, Xu XM. Human Schwann Cell Transplantation for Spinal Cord Injury: Prospects and Challenges in Translational Medicine. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:690894. [PMID: 34220455 PMCID: PMC8249939 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.690894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of transplanting cultured Schwann cells (SCs) for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) have been systematically investigated in experimental animals since the early 1990s. Importantly, human SC (hSC) transplantation for SCI has advanced to clinical testing and safety has been established via clinical trials conducted in the USA and abroad. However, multiple barriers must be overcome to enable accessible and effective treatments for SCI patients. This review presents available information on hSC transplantation for SCI with the intention to uncover gaps in our knowledge and discuss areas for future development. To this end, we introduce the historical progression of the work that supports existing and prospective clinical initiatives and explain the reasons for the choice of hSCs while also addressing their limitations as cell therapy products. A search of the relevant literature revealed that rat SCs have served as a preclinical model of reference since the onset of investigations, and that hSC transplants are relatively understudied, possibly due to the sophisticated resources and expertise needed for the traditional processing of hSC cultures from human nerves. In turn, we reason that additional experimentation and a reexamination of the available data are needed to understand the therapeutic value of hSC transplants taking into consideration that the manufacturing of the hSCs themselves may require further development for extended uses in basic research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula V Monje
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lingxiao Deng
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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49
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Tejeda G, Ciciriello AJ, Dumont CM. Biomaterial Strategies to Bolster Neural Stem Cell-Mediated Repair of the Central Nervous System. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:655-669. [PMID: 34120118 DOI: 10.1159/000515351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies have the potential to not only repair, but to regenerate tissue of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies demonstrate that transplanted stem cells can differentiate into neurons and integrate with the intact circuitry after traumatic injury. Unfortunately, the positive findings described in rodent models have not been replicated in clinical trials, where the burden to maintain the cell viability necessary for tissue repair becomes more challenging. Low transplant survival remains the greatest barrier to stem cell-mediated repair of the CNS, often with fewer than 1-2% of the transplanted cells remaining after 1 week. Strategic transplantation parameters, such as injection location, cell concentration, and transplant timing achieve only modest improvements in stem cell transplant survival and appear inconsistent across studies. Biomaterials provide researchers with a means to significantly improve stem cell transplant survival through two mechanisms: (1) a vehicle to deliver and protect the stem cells and (2) a substrate to control the cytotoxic injury environment. These biomaterial strategies can alleviate cell death associated with delivery to the injury and can be used to limit cell death after transplantation by limiting cell exposure to cytotoxic signals. Moreover, it is likely that control of the injury environment with biomaterials will lead to a more reliable support for transplanted cell populations. This review will highlight the challenges associated with cell delivery in the CNS and the advances in biomaterial development and deployment for stem cell therapies necessary to bolster stem cell-mediated repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Tejeda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew J Ciciriello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Courtney M Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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50
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Abdallah AN, Shamaa AA, El-Tookhy OS, Bahr MM. Effect of combined intrathecal/intravenous injection of bone marrow derived stromal cells in platelet-rich plasma on spinal cord injury in companion animals. Open Vet J 2021; 11:270-276. [PMID: 34307083 PMCID: PMC8288736 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Companion animals are prone to spinal cord injuries commonly associated with severe locomotor and sensory complications, which can escalate to a state of irreversible paralysis. Stem cell therapies propose a hope for treating spinal cord injuries via differentiation into neurons and associated glial cells, halting the immune attacks, inhibiting apoptosis and necrosis, and secretion of neurotrophic factors that stimulate the regeneration process. Aim: The study aims to evaluate the use of autologous bone marrow derived stromal cells in platelet-rich plasma carrier for selected clinical cases having chronic spinal cord injuries in dogs and cats via a one-time combined intrathecal/intravenous injection. Methods: Cells were injected in five dogs and three cats suffering from disc protrusion leading to spinal cord injury and in thosewho did not respond to conventional treatment during a clinical trial. Results: Results indicated that the transplanted cells led to the restoration of the weight bearing locomotor function and spinal reflexes in a period less than 90 days with physical rehabilitation. The treatment showed minor changes in the magnetic resonance images of extruded discs. Conclusion: This study concluded that the combined intrathecal/intravenous injection of bone marrow stromal cells is a safe and promising procedure for treating chronic spinal cord injuries in companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed N Abdallah
- Pathology department, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Shamaa
- Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omar S El-Tookhy
- Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Bahr
- Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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