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Johnson PK, Fino PC, Wilde EA, Hovenden ES, Russell HA, Velez C, Pelo R, Morris AJ, Kreter N, Read EN, Keleher F, Esopenko C, Lindsey HM, Newsome MR, Thayn D, McCabe C, Mullen CM, Davidson LE, Liebel SW, Carr L, Tate DF. The Effect of Intranasal Plus Transcranial Photobiomodulation on Neuromuscular Control in Individuals with Repetitive Head Acceleration Events. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:404-413. [PMID: 38848287 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2023.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This proof-of-concept study was to investigate the relationship between photobiomodulation (PBM) and neuromuscular control. Background: The effects of concussion and repetitive head acceleration events (RHAEs) are associated with decreased motor control and balance. Simultaneous intranasal and transcranial PBM (itPBM) is emerging as a possible treatment for cognitive and psychological sequelae of brain injury with evidence of remote effects on other body systems. Methods: In total, 43 (39 male) participants, age 18-69 years (mean, 49.5; SD, 14.45), with a self-reported history of concussive and/or RHAE and complaints of their related effects (e.g., mood dysregulation, impaired cognition, and poor sleep quality), completed baseline and posttreatment motor assessments including clinical reaction time, grip strength, grooved pegboard, and the Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (MiniBEST). In the 8-week interim, participants self-administered itPBM treatments by wearing a headset comprising four near-infrared light-emitting diodes (LED) and a near-infrared LED nasal clip. Results: Posttreatment group averages in reaction time, MiniBEST reactive control subscores, and bilateral grip strength significantly improved with effect sizes of g = 0.75, g = 0.63, g = 0.22 (dominant hand), and g = 0.34 (nondominant hand), respectively. Conclusion: This study provides a framework for more robust studies and suggests that itPBM may serve as a noninvasive solution for improved neuromuscular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula K Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Office of Research, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Peter C Fino
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Hovenden
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Hilary A Russell
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Carmen Velez
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ryan Pelo
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Amanda J Morris
- Department of Kinesiology, Sacramento State University, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Kreter
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Emma N Read
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Finian Keleher
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation & Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Hannah M Lindsey
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mary R Newsome
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dayna Thayn
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Courtney McCabe
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Christine M Mullen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lance E Davidson
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Spencer W Liebel
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lawrence Carr
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Calderone A, Cardile D, Gangemi A, De Luca R, Quartarone A, Corallo F, Calabrò RS. Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuromodulation Techniques in Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:438. [PMID: 38398040 PMCID: PMC10886871 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a condition in which an external force, usually a violent blow to the head, causes functional impairment in the brain. Neuromodulation techniques are thought to restore altered function in the brain, resulting in improved function and reduced symptoms. Brain stimulation can alter the firing of neurons, boost synaptic strength, alter neurotransmitters and excitotoxicity, and modify the connections in their neural networks. All these are potential effects on brain activity. Accordingly, this is a promising therapy for TBI. These techniques are flexible because they can target different brain areas and vary in frequency and amplitude. This review aims to investigate the recent literature about neuromodulation techniques used in the rehabilitation of TBI patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The identification of studies was made possible by conducting online searches on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus databases. Studies published between 2013 and 2023 were selected. This review has been registered on OSF (JEP3S). RESULTS We have found that neuromodulation techniques can improve the rehabilitation process for TBI patients in several ways. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) can improve cognitive functions such as recall ability, neural substrates, and overall improved performance on neuropsychological tests. Repetitive TMS has the potential to increase neural connections in many TBI patients but not in all patients, such as those with chronic diffuse axonal damage. CONCLUSIONS This review has demonstrated that neuromodulation techniques are promising instruments in the rehabilitation field, including those affected by TBI. The efficacy of neuromodulation can have a significant impact on their lives and improve functional outcomes for TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Cardile
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C. da Casazza; 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (A.G.); (R.D.L.); (A.Q.); (F.C.); (R.S.C.)
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Shalaby RA, Qureshi MM, Khan MA, Salam SMA, Kwon HS, Lee KH, Chung E, Kim YR. Photobiomodulation therapy restores olfactory function impaired by photothrombosis in mouse olfactory bulb. Exp Neurol 2023:114462. [PMID: 37295546 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An ischemic stroke typically accompanies numerous disorders ranging from somatosensory dysfunction to cognitive impairments, inflicting patients with various neurologic symptoms. Among pathologic outcomes, post-stroke olfactory dysfunctions are frequently observed. Despite the well-known prevalence, therapy options for such compromised olfaction are limited, likely due to the complexity of olfactory bulb architecture, which encompasses both the peripheral and central nervous systems. As photobiomodulation (PBM) emerged for treating ischemia-associated symptoms, the effectiveness of PBM on stroke-induced impairment of olfactory function was explored. Novel mouse models with olfactory dysfunctions were prepared using photothrombosis (PT) in the olfactory bulb on day 0. The post-PT PBM was performed daily from day 2 to day 7 by irradiating the olfactory bulb via an 808 nm laser with a fluence of 40 J/cm2 (325 mW/cm2 for 2 min per day). The buried food test (BFT) was used to score behavioral acuity in food-deprived mice to assess the olfactory function before PT, after PT, and after PBM. Histopathological examinations and cytokine assays were performed on the mouse brains harvested on day 8. The results from BFT were specific to an individual, with positive correlations between the baseline latency time measured before PT and its alteration at the ensuing stages for both the PT and PT + PBM groups. Also, the correlation analysis in both groups showed highly similar, significant positive relationships between the early and late latency time change independent of PBM, implicating a common recovery mechanism. Particularly, PBM treatment accelerated the recovery of impaired olfaction following PT by suppressing inflammatory cytokines and enhancing both glial and vascular factors (e.g., GFAP, IBA-1, and CD31). PBM therapy during the acute phase of ischemia improves the compromised olfactory function by modulating microenvironments and inflammation status of the affected tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham A Shalaby
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Qureshi
- Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Princess Margret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohd Afzal Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea
| | - S M Abdus Salam
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University, Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), South Korea
| | - Hyuk Sang Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University, Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), South Korea.
| | - Euiheon Chung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea; AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea.
| | - Young Ro Kim
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Stevens AR, Hadis M, Milward M, Ahmed Z, Belli A, Palin W, Davies DJ. Photobiomodulation in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:210-227. [PMID: 35698294 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a therapeutic modality that has gained increasing interest in neuroscience applications, including acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). Its proposed mechanisms for therapeutic effect when delivered to the injured brain include antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. This systematic review summarizes the available evidence for the value of PBM in improving outcomes in acute TBI and presents a meta-analysis of the pre-clinical evidence for neurological severity score (NSS) and lesion size in animal models of TBI. A systematic review of the literature was performed, with searches and data extraction performed independently in duplicate by two authors. Eighteen published articles were identified for inclusion: seventeen pre-clinical studies of in vivo animal models and one clinical study in human patients. The available human study supports safety and feasibility of PBM in acute moderate TBI. For pre-clinical studies, meta-analysis for NSS and lesion size were found to favor intervention versus control. Subgroup analysis based on PBM parameter variables for these outcomes was performed. Favorable parameters were identified as: wavelengths in the region of 665 nm and 810 nm; time to first administration of PBM ≤4 h; total number of daily treatments ≤3. No differences were identified between pulsed and continuous wave modes or energy delivery. Mechanistic substudies within included in vivo studies are presented and were found to support hypotheses of antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and pro-proliferative effects, and a modulation of cellular metabolism. This systematic review provides substantial meta-analysis evidence of the benefits of PBM on functional and histological outcomes of TBI in in vivo mammalian models. Study design and PBM parameters should be closely considered for future human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Robert Stevens
- Department of Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, and University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Phototherapy Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Hadis
- Phototherapy Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Milward
- Phototherapy Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Department of Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, and University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Trauma Sciences Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Belli
- Department of Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, and University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Trauma Sciences Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - William Palin
- Phototherapy Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David James Davies
- Department of Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, and University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Phototherapy Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Trauma Sciences Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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5
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Moro C, Valverde A, Dole M, Hoh Kam J, Hamilton C, Liebert A, Bicknell B, Benabid AL, Magistretti P, Mitrofanis J. The effect of photobiomodulation on the brain during wakefulness and sleep. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:942536. [PMID: 35968381 PMCID: PMC9366035 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.942536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last seventy years or so, many previous studies have shown that photobiomodulation, the use of red to near infrared light on body tissues, can improve central and peripheral neuronal function and survival in both health and in disease. These improvements are thought to arise principally from an impact of photobiomodulation on mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial mechanisms in a range of different cell types, including neurones. This impact has downstream effects on many stimulatory and protective genes. An often-neglected feature of nearly all of these improvements is that they have been induced during the state of wakefulness. Recent studies have shown that when applied during the state of sleep, photobiomodulation can also be of benefit, but in a different way, by improving the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and the clearance of toxic waste-products from the brain. In this review, we consider the potential differential effects of photobiomodulation dependent on the state of arousal. We speculate that the effects of photobiomodulation is on different cells and systems depending on whether it is applied during wakefulness or sleep, that it may follow a circadian rhythm. We speculate further that the arousal-dependent photobiomodulation effects are mediated principally through a biophoton – ultra-weak light emission – network of communication and repair across the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Moro
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Audrey Valverde
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marjorie Dole
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jaimie Hoh Kam
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Ann Liebert
- Governance and Research Department, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Bicknell
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Pierre Magistretti
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: John Mitrofanis,
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6
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Perez Garcia G, Perez GM, Otero-Pagan A, Abutarboush R, Kawoos U, De Gasperi R, Gama Sosa MA, Pryor D, Hof PR, Cook DG, Gandy S, Ahlers ST, Elder GA. Transcranial Laser Therapy Does Not Improve Cognitive and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Related Behavioral Traits in Rats Exposed to Repetitive Low-Level Blast Injury. Neurotrauma Rep 2021; 2:548-563. [PMID: 34901948 PMCID: PMC8655798 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2021.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many military veterans who experienced blast-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan suffer from chronic cognitive and mental health problems, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Transcranial laser therapy (TLT) uses low-power lasers emitting light in the far- to near-infrared ranges. Beneficial effects of TLT have been reported in neurological and mental-health-related disorders in humans and animal models, including TBI. Rats exposed to repetitive low-level blast develop chronic cognitive and PTSD-related behavioral traits. We tested whether TLT treatment could reverse these traits. Rats received a 74.5-kPa blast or sham exposures delivered one per day for 3 consecutive days. Beginning at 34 weeks after blast exposure, the following groups of rats were treated with active or sham TLT: 1) Sham-exposed rats (n = 12) were treated with sham TLT; 2) blast-exposed rats (n = 13) were treated with sham TLT; and 3) blast-exposed rats (n = 14) were treated with active TLT. Rats received 5 min of TLT five times per week for 6 weeks (wavelength, 808 nm; power of irradiance, 240 mW). At the end of treatment, rats were tested in tasks found previously to be most informative (novel object recognition, novel object localization, contextual/cued fear conditioning, elevated zero maze, and light/dark emergence). TLT did not improve blast-related effects in any of these tests, and blast-exposed rats were worse after TLT in some anxiety-related measures. Based on these findings, TLT does not appear to be a promising treatment for the chronic cognitive and mental health problems that follow blast injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Perez Garcia
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gissel M. Perez
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Alena Otero-Pagan
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Rania Abutarboush
- Department of Neurotrauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Usmah Kawoos
- Department of Neurotrauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rita De Gasperi
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Miguel A. Gama Sosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- General Medical Research Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Dylan Pryor
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David G. Cook
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Barbara and Maurice A. Deane Center for Wellness and Cognitive Health and the Mount Sinai NFL Neurological Care Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen T. Ahlers
- Department of Neurotrauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory A. Elder
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Neurology Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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Guo S, Wang R, Hu J, Sun L, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Han D, Hu S. Photobiomodulation Promotes Hippocampal CA1 NSC Differentiation Toward Neurons and Facilitates Cognitive Function Recovery Involving NLRP3 Inflammasome Mitigation Following Global Cerebral Ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:731855. [PMID: 34489645 PMCID: PMC8417562 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.731855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent study revealed that photobiomodulation (PBM) inhibits delayed neuronal death by preserving mitochondrial dynamics and function following global cerebral ischemia (GCI). In the current study, we clarified whether PBM exerts effective roles in endogenous neurogenesis and long-lasting neurological recovery after GCI. Adult male rats were treated with 808 nm PBM at 20 mW/cm2 irradiance for 2 min on cerebral cortex surface (irradiance ∼7.0 mW/cm2, fluence ∼0.8 J/cm2 on the hippocampus) beginning 3 days after GCI for five consecutive days. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze. Neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, immature neurons, and mature neurons were examined using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-, doublecortin (DCX)-, and NeuN-staining, respectively. Protein expression, such as NLRP3, cleaved IL1β, GFAP, and Iba1 was detected using immunofluorescence staining, and ultrastructure of astrocyte and microglia was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that PBM exerted a markedly neuroprotective role and improved spatial learning and memory ability at 58 days of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) but not at 7 days of reperfusion. Mechanistic studies revealed that PBM suppressed reactive astrocytes and maintained astrocyte regeneration at 7 days of reperfusion, as well as elevated neurogenesis at 58 days of reperfusion, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the fluorescence intensity of GFAP (astrocyte marker) but unchanged the number of BrdU-GFAP colabeled cells at the early timepoint, and a robust elevation in the number of DCX-NeuN colabeled cells at the later timepoint in the PBM-treated group compared to the GCI group. Notably, PBM treatment protected the ultrastructure of astrocyte and microglia cells at 58 days but not 7 days of reperfusion in the hippocampal CA1 region. Furthermore, PBM treatment significantly attenuated the GCI-induced immunofluorescence intensity of NLRP3 (an inflammasome component), cleaved IL1β (reflecting inflammasome activation) and Iba1, as well as the colocalization of NLRP3/GFAP or cleaved IL-1β/GFAP, especially in animals subjected to I/R at 58 days. Taken together, PBM treatment performed postischemia exerted a long-lasting protective effect on astrocytes and promoted endogenous neurogenesis in the hippocampal CA1 region, which might contribute to neurological recovery after GCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jiewei Hu
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Liping Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xinru Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dong Han
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuqun Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Yang M, Yang Z, Wang P, Sun Z. Current application and future directions of photobiomodulation in central nervous diseases. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1177-1185. [PMID: 33269767 PMCID: PMC8224127 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation using light in the red or near-infrared region is an innovative treatment strategy for a wide range of neurological and psychological conditions. Photobiomodulation can promote neurogenesis and elicit anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative responses. Its therapeutic effects have been demonstrated in studies on neurological diseases, peripheral nerve injuries, pain relief and wound healing. We conducted a comprehensive literature review of the application of photobiomodulation in patients with central nervous system diseases in February 2019. The NCBI PubMed database, EMBASE database, Cochrane Library and ScienceDirect database were searched. We reviewed 95 papers and analyzed. Photobiomodulation has wide applicability in the treatment of stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, and other diseases. Our analysis provides preliminary evidence that PBM is an effective therapeutic tool for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. However, additional studies with adequate sample size are needed to optimize treatment parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyue Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Core Facility of West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Montazeri K, Farhadi M, Fekrazad R, Akbarnejad Z, Chaibakhsh S, Mahmoudian S. Transcranial photobiomodulation in the management of brain disorders. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 221:112207. [PMID: 34119804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is the process of delivering light photons through the skull to benefit from its modifying effect. Brain disorders are important health problems. The aim of this review was to determine the existing evidence of effectiveness, useful parameters, and safety of tPBM in the management of traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson, and Alzheimer's disease as the common brain disorders. Four online databases, including Cochrane, Pub Med, Embase, and Google scholar were searched according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. 4728 articles were obtained in the initial search. Only those articles that were published until September 2020 and designed as randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or animal-controlled studies were included. 6 RCTs, 2 related supplementary articles, and 38 controlled animal studies met the inclusion criteria of this study. No RCTs were performed in the fields of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The human RCTs and animal studies reported no adverse events resulted from the use of tPBM. Useful parameters of tPBM were identified according to the controlled animal studies. Since the investigated RCTs had no homogenous results, making an evidence-based decision for definite therapeutic application of tPBM is still unattainable. Altogether, these data support the need for large confirmatory well-designed RCTs for using tPBM as a novel, safe, and easy-to-administer treatment of brain disorders. EVIDENCE BEFORE THIS STUDY High prevalence and complications of brain disorders and also side effects of neuropsychiatric medications have encouraged researchers to find alternative therapeutic techniques which tPBM can be one of them. In present review we tried to determine the existing evidence of effectiveness, useful parameters, and safety of tPBM in the management of traumatic brain injury, stroke, Alzheimer, and Parkinson's disease as common brain disorders. Four online databases, including "Cochrane", "Pub Med", "Embase", and "Google scholar" were searched. Only those articles that were published until September 2020 and designed as RCTs or animal-controlled studies were included. Search keywords were the followings: transcranial photobiomodulation" OR "transcranial low-level laser therapy" AND "stroke" OR "traumatic brain injury" OR "Alzheimer" OR "Parkinson". Several studies have confirmed effectiveness of tPBM in treatment of different brain disorders but the level of evidence of its effectiveness remain to be determined. ADDED VALUE OF THIS STUDY In this study we systematically reviewed human RCTs to determine the existing evidence of tPBM effectiveness in management of four mentioned brain disorders. Since the outcomes of the reviewed RCTs were not homogeneous, further well-designed RCTs are required to decide more definitively on the evidence of this noninvasive and probably safe therapeutic intervention. We hypothesized that non-homogeneous outcomes could be due to inefficiency of PBM parameters. Controlled animal studies have the advantage of using objective tests to evaluate the results and compare them with the control group. We determined useful tPBM parameters based on these studies. IMPLICATIONS OF ALL THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE This research is part of our main project of tinnitus treatment using photobiomodulation (PBM). Evidence of central nervous system involvement in tinnitus led us to believe that treatment protocol of tinnitus should also include transcranial PBM. The determined useful parameters can be helpful in designing more efficient tPBM protocols in the management of brain disorders and tinnitus as a common debilitating symptom that can be associated with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Montazeri
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health eInstitute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health eInstitute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Akbarnejad
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health eInstitute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Chaibakhsh
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran; Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Mahmoudian
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health eInstitute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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10
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You J, Bragin A, Liu H, Li L. Preclinical studies of transcranial photobiomodulation in the neurological diseases. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tbio.202000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Texas Denton Texas USA
| | - Anatol Bragin
- Department of Neurology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Brain Research Institute University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Texas Denton Texas USA
- Department of Neurology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
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11
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Kiryanova VV, Molodovskaia NV, Potapchuk AA, Zharova EN. [Terahertz modulated infrared radiation in the complex treatment of patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOI FIZICHESKOI KULTURY 2021; 98:5-10. [PMID: 34223749 DOI: 10.17116/kurort2021980315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ischemic stroke (IS) is a serious medical and social problem due to the widespread prevalence, profound and long-term disability of patients. The effectiveness of pharmaceutical neuroprotection in IS remains low which necessitates the investigation of new therapeutic methods in post-stroke patients. OBJECTIVE The rationale for the use of infrared (IR) radiation with terahertz (THz) modulation in the complex treatment of patients in the acute period of IS. MATERIAL AND METHODS The results of transcranial application of IR radiation with THz modulation in 112 patients in the acute period of IS are presented. In the main group (38 patients) the infrared radiation with THz modulation was used on the projection of the IS focus in addition to basic drug therapy; in the control group (37 patients) - basic drug therapy; in the placebo group (37 patients) the physiotherapy was mimicked. The data of neurological status and neuro-functional indicators were assessed using the NIHSS, MMSE, Rankin, and Rivermid scales. Cerebral blood flow was examined using duplex scanning of brachiocephalic vessels. RESULTS The inclusion in the complex treatment of IR radiation with THz modulation on the projection of the IS focus in the acute period contributed to a significant regression of neurological deficit, a complete recovery of cognitive functions and an increase in daily activity due to the restoration of adequate blood supply on the side of the affected hemisphere. CONCLUSION A pathogenesis justified method of treating acute IS is proposed which can increase the effectiveness of early neurorehabilitation measures. An early improvement in cerebral hemoperfusion led to the creation of optimal conditions for the survival of neural structures and the preservation of their functional activity that demonstrated the neuroprotective feasibility of early inclusion of IR radiation with THz modulation in the complex treatment of patients in the acute period of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Kiryanova
- I.I. Mechnikov Northwestern State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N V Molodovskaia
- I.I. Mechnikov Northwestern State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Potapchuk
- Academician I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E N Zharova
- I.I. Mechnikov Northwestern State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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12
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Arias JL, Mendez M, Martínez JÁ, Arias N. Differential effects of photobiomodulation interval schedules on brain cytochrome c-oxidase and proto-oncogene expression. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:045011. [PMID: 33313338 PMCID: PMC7723391 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.4.045011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique capable of producing changes in the mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase (CCO) activity of neurons. Although the application of PBM in clinical practice and as a neurophysiological tool is increasing, less is known about how different treatment time intervals may result in different outcomes. Aim: We evaluated the effects of different PBM treatment intervals on brain metabolic activity through the CCO and proto-oncogene expression (c-Fos). Approach: We studied PBM effects on brain CCO and c-Fos expression in three groups of animals: Control (CN, n = 8 ), long interval PBM treatment (LI, n = 5 ), and short interval PBM treatment (SI, n = 5 ). Results: Increased CCO activity in the LI group, compared to the SI and CN groups, was found in the prefrontal cortices, dorsal and ventral striatum, and hippocampus. Regarding c-Fos expression, we found a significant increase in the SI group compared to LI and CN, whereas LI showed increased c-Fos expression compared to CN in the cingulate and infralimbic cortices. Conclusions: We show the effectiveness of different PBM interval schedules in increasing brain metabolic activity or proto-oncogene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Arias
- University of Oviedo, Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Oviedo, Spain
- INEUROPA, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta Mendez
- University of Oviedo, Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Oviedo, Spain
- INEUROPA, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Ángel Martínez
- INEUROPA, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- University of Oviedo, Escuela Politécnica de Gijón, Departamento Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica, Computadores y Sistemas, Gijón, Spain
| | - Natalia Arias
- INEUROPA, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King´s College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Chao LL, Barlow C, Karimpoor M, Lim L. Changes in Brain Function and Structure After Self-Administered Home Photobiomodulation Treatment in a Concussion Case. Front Neurol 2020; 11:952. [PMID: 33013635 PMCID: PMC7509409 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common neurological disorder among athletes. Although there are no widely accepted treatments for TBI, new investigational approaches, such as photobiomodulation (PBM), are being tested. PBM is a light therapy that uses red to near-infrared (NIR) light to stimulate, heal, and protect tissue that has been injured or is at risk of dying. Benefits following transcranial PBM treatments in animal models of acute TBI and a small number of chronic TBI patients have been reported. However, the human PBM TBI studies published to date have been based on behavioral assessments. This report describes changes in behavioral and neuroimaging measures after 8 weeks of PBM treatments. The subject was a 23-year professional hockey player with a history of concussions, presumed to have caused his symptoms of headaches, mild anxiety, and difficulty concentrating. He treated himself at home with commercially available, low-risk PBM devices that used light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit 810-nm light pulsing at 10 or 40 Hz delivered by an intranasal and four transcranial modules that targeted nodes of the default mode network (DMN) with a maximum power density of 100 mW/cm2. After 8 weeks of PBM treatments, increased brain volumes, improved functional connectivity, and increased cerebral perfusion and improvements on neuropsychological test scores were observed. Although this is a single, sport-related case with a history of concussions, these positive findings encourage replication studies that could provide further validation for this non-invasive, non-pharmacological modality as a viable treatment option for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Chao
- Departments of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,VA Advanced Imaging Research Center, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Cody Barlow
- VA Advanced Imaging Research Center, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Lew Lim
- Vielight Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Yang L, Youngblood H, Wu C, Zhang Q. Mitochondria as a target for neuroprotection: role of methylene blue and photobiomodulation. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:19. [PMID: 32475349 PMCID: PMC7262767 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the formation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which are important factors contributing to the development of brain disease. Ample evidence suggests mitochondria are a promising target for neuroprotection. Recently, methods targeting mitochondria have been considered as potential approaches for treatment of brain disease through the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative injury. This review will discuss two widely studied approaches for the improvement of brain mitochondrial respiration, methylene blue (MB) and photobiomodulation (PBM). MB is a widely studied drug with potential beneficial effects in animal models of brain disease, as well as limited human studies. Similarly, PBM is a non-invasive treatment that promotes energy production and reduces both oxidative stress and inflammation, and has garnered increasing attention in recent years. MB and PBM have similar beneficial effects on mitochondrial function, oxidative damage, inflammation, and subsequent behavioral symptoms. However, the mechanisms underlying the energy enhancing, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of MB and PBM differ. This review will focus on mitochondrial dysfunction in several different brain diseases and the pathological improvements following MB and PBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luodan Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hannah Youngblood
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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15
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Liang Z, Lei T, Wang S, Zuo X, Li K, Song J, Sun J, Zhang J, Zheng Q, Kang X, Ma Y, Hu X, Ding T, Wang Z. Photobiomodulation by diffusing optical fiber on spinal cord: A feasibility study in piglet model. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960022. [PMID: 31670897 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on spinal cord injury (SCI) have confirmed that percutaneous photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy can ameliorate immunoinflammatory responses at sites of injury, accelerate nerve regeneration, suppress glial scar formation and promote the subsequent recovery of locomotor function. The current study was performed to evaluate a large-animal model employing implanted optical fibers to accurately irradiate targeted spinal segments. The method's feasibility and irradiation parameters that do not cause phototoxic reaction were determined, and the methodology of irradiating the spinal cord with near-infrared light was investigated in detail. A diffusing optical fiber was implanted above the T9 spinal cord of Bama miniature pigs and used to transfer near-infrared light (810 nm) onto the spinal cord surface. After daily irradiation with 200, 300, 500 or 1000 mW for 14 days, both sides of the irradiated area of the spinal cord were assessed for temperature changes. The condition of the spinal cord and the position of optical fiber were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and different parameters indicating temperature increases or phototoxicity were measured on the normal spinal cord surface due to light irradiation (ie, heat shock responses, inflammatory reactions and neuronal apoptosis), and the animals' lower-limb neurological function and gait were assessed during the irradiation process. The implanted device was stable inside the freely moving animals, and light energy could be directly projected onto the spinal cord surface. The screening of different irradiation parameters preliminary showed that direct irradiation onto the spinal cord surface at 200 and 300 mW did not significantly increase the temperature, stress responses, inflammatory reactions and neural apoptosis, whereas irradiation at 500 mW slightly increased these parameters, and irradiation at 1000 mW induced a significant temperature increase, heat shock, inflammation and apoptosis responses. HE staining of spinal cord tissue sections did not reveal any significant structural changes of the tissues compared to the control group, and the neurological function and gait of all irradiated animals were normal. In this study, we established an in-vivo optical fiber implantation method, which might be safe and stable and could be used to directly project light energy onto the spinal cord surface. This study might provide a new perspective for clinical applications of PBM in acute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowen Liang
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Lei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zuo
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Li
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiwei Song
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiakai Sun
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Kang
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangguang Ma
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueyu Hu
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tan Ding
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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16
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Argibay B, Campos F, Perez-Mato M, Vieites-Prado A, Correa-Paz C, López-Arias E, Da Silva-Candal A, Moreno V, Montero C, Sobrino T, Castillo J, Iglesias-Rey R. Light-Emitting Diode Photobiomodulation After Cerebral Ischemia. Front Neurol 2019; 10:911. [PMID: 31507516 PMCID: PMC6713875 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for several pathologies, including stroke. The biological effects of PBM for the treatment of cerebral ischemia have previously been explored as a neuroprotective strategy using different light sources, wavelengths, and incident light powers. However, the capability of PBM as a novel alternative therapy to stimulate the recovery of the injured neuronal tissue after ischemic stroke has been poorly explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the low-level light irradiation therapy by using Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as potential therapeutic strategy for stroke. The LED photobiomodulation (continuous wave, 830 nm, 0.2–0.6 J/cm2) was firstly evaluated at different energy densities in C17.2 immortalized mouse neural progenitor cell lines, in order to observe if this treatment had any effect on cells, in terms of proliferation and viability. Then, the PBM-LED effect (continuous wave, 830 nm, 0.28 J/cm2 at brain cortex) on long-term recovery (12 weeks) was analyzed in ischemic animal model by means lesion reduction, behavioral deficits, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Analysis of cellular proliferation after PBM was significantly increased (1 mW) in all different exposure times used; however, this effect could not be replicated in vivo experimental conditions, as PBM did not show an infarct reduction or functional recovery. Despite the promising therapeutic effect described for PBM, further preclinical studies are necessary to optimize the therapeutic window of this novel therapy, in terms of the mechanism associated to neurorecovery and to reduce the risk of failure in futures clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Argibay
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Campos
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Perez-Mato
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Vieites-Prado
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clara Correa-Paz
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Esteban López-Arias
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrés Da Silva-Candal
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vicente Moreno
- Optics Area, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics, Universitdade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universitdade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Montero
- Optics Area, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics, Universitdade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universitdade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramón Iglesias-Rey
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Wickenheisser VA, Zywot EM, Rabjohns EM, Lee HH, Lawrence DS, Tarrant TK. Laser Light Therapy in Inflammatory, Musculoskeletal, and Autoimmune Disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2019; 19:37. [PMID: 31267251 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-019-0869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to summarize the field to date and to discuss strengths and limitations of low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) for the future investigation as a treatment of inflammatory disease. RECENT FINDINGS LLLT is a promising therapeutic, particularly for those diseases of skin and joints because they are most accessible to treatment. Indeed, the known mechanisms of LLLT support its use for anti-inflammatory purposes, as well as stimulation of tissue growth and repair. Although the standard of care for the majority of inflammatory diseases is immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids with undesirable toxicities, LLLT offers a unique approach by being non-invasive and incurring minimal side effects. It is also relatively inexpensive and accessible and even has the possibility to be patient directed at home. There is evidence that LLLT is able to modulate the immune system at the skin and joint, and it has been shown to be efficacious in humans by affecting bacterial colonization as it may pertain to chronic rhinosinusitis. However, there is variability in the methods of laser application as well as a lack of evidence for laser type, dose-ranging studies, and wavelength selection that create barriers to the implementation of LLLT without further more rigorous and standardized study. The heterogeneity makes it difficult to draw strong conclusions about the efficacy of LLLT and its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilia Marta Zywot
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Emily Mary Rabjohns
- Duke Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, DUMC 3874, 200 Trent Dr., Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hyun Ho Lee
- Duke Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, DUMC 3874, 200 Trent Dr., Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - David S Lawrence
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Teresa Kathleen Tarrant
- Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, DUMC 3874, 200 Trent Dr., Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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18
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Zomorrodi R, Loheswaran G, Pushparaj A, Lim L. Pulsed Near Infrared Transcranial and Intranasal Photobiomodulation Significantly Modulates Neural Oscillations: a pilot exploratory study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6309. [PMID: 31004126 PMCID: PMC6474892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is the application of low levels of red or near-infrared (NIR) light to stimulate neural tissues. Here, we administer tPBM in the form of NIR light (810 nm wavelength) pulsed at 40 Hz to the default mode network (DMN), and examine its effects on human neural oscillations, in a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blinded trial. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we found that a single session of tPBM significantly increases the power of the higher oscillatory frequencies of alpha, beta and gamma and reduces the power of the slower frequencies of delta and theta in subjects in resting state. Furthermore, the analysis of network properties using inter-regional synchrony via weighted phase lag index (wPLI) and graph theory measures, indicate the effect of tPBM on the integration and segregation of brain networks. These changes were significantly different when compared to sham stimulation. Our preliminary findings demonstrate for the first time that tPBM can be used to non-invasively modulate neural oscillations, and encourage further confirmatory clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zomorrodi
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Vielight Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Abhiram Pushparaj
- Ironstone Product Development Inc. & Qunuba Sciences Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lew Lim
- Vielight Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Wang X, Dmochowski JP, Zeng L, Kallioniemi E, Husain M, Gonzalez-Lima F, Liu H. Transcranial photobiomodulation with 1064-nm laser modulates brain electroencephalogram rhythms. NEUROPHOTONICS 2019; 6:025013. [PMID: 31259198 PMCID: PMC6563945 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.2.025013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) with a 1064-nm laser has been reported to improve human performance on cognitive tasks as well as locally upregulate cerebral oxygen metabolism and hemodynamics. However, it is unknown whether 1064-nm tPBM also modulates electrophysiology, and specifically neural oscillations, in the human brain. The hypothesis guiding our study is that applying 1064-nm tPBM of the right prefrontal cortex enhances neurophysiological rhythms at specific frequency bands in the human brain under resting conditions. To test this hypothesis, we recorded the 64-channel scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) before, during, and after the application of 11 min of 4-cm-diameter tPBM (CW 1064-nm laser with 162 mW / cm 2 and 107 J / cm 2 ) to the right forehead of human subjects ( n = 20 ) using a within-subject, sham-controlled design. Time-resolved scalp topographies of EEG power at five frequency bands were computed to examine the tPBM-induced EEG power changes across the scalp. The results show time-dependent, significant increases of EEG spectral powers at the alpha (8 to 13 Hz) and beta (13 to 30 Hz) bands at broad scalp regions, exhibiting a front-to-back pattern. The findings provide the first sham-controlled topographic mapping that tPBM increases the strength of electrophysiological oscillations (alpha and beta bands) while also shedding light on the mechanisms of tPBM in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Wang
- University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Bioengineering, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - Jacek P. Dmochowski
- City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, United States
| | - Li Zeng
- Texas A&M University, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Elisa Kallioniemi
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Department of Psychiatry, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Mustafa Husain
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Department of Psychiatry, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - F. Gonzalez-Lima
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Hanli Liu
- University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Bioengineering, Arlington, Texas, United States
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Yao X, Liu C, Feng D, Yin J, Chen G. Transcranial Near-infrared Laser Therapy in Improving Cognitive Recovery of Function Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1320-1326. [PMID: 29564977 PMCID: PMC6251043 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180321100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has turned into a major health and socioeconomic problem affecting young people and military personnel. Numerous TBI patients experienced the sequela of brain injury called cognitive impairment, which re-duced functions in attention, working memory, motivation, and execution. In recent years, transcranial near-infrared laser therapy (tNiRLT) as a possible therapy has been gradually applied in treating cognitive impairment post-TBI. In the present review, the biological mechanisms of transcranial tNiRLT for TBI are synthesized mainly based on the photonic impact of chronic mild TBI. Various exciting molecular events possibly occur during the procedure, such as stimulation of ATP pro-duction, regional cerebral blood flow, acupoint, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, as well as a reduction in anti-inflammatory effect. Some animal experiments and clinical studies of tNiRLT for TBI are outlined. Several labs have displayed that tNiRLT is effective not only in improving neurological functions but also in increasing memory and learning capacity in ro-dent animals’ model of TBI. In a 2 patients case report and a 11-case series, cognitive functions were ameliorated. Efficacy on cognitive and emotional effects was also observed in a double-blind, controlled clinical study. Several Randomized, paral-lel, double blind, sham-controlled trials are underway, aiming to evaluate the efficacy of tLED on cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric status in participants post-TBI. Therefore, tNiRLT is a promising method applied to cognitive impairment following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Dongxia Feng
- Scott & White Clinic-Temple, 2401 S.31st Street, Temple, TX76508, United States
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taixing Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taixing 225400, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
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Hamblin MR. Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury and stroke. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:731-743. [PMID: 29131369 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a notable lack of therapeutic alternatives for what is fast becoming a global epidemic of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Photobiomodulation (PBM) employs red or near-infrared (NIR) light (600-1100nm) to stimulate healing, protect tissue from dying, increase mitochondrial function, improve blood flow, and tissue oxygenation. PBM can also act to reduce swelling, increase antioxidants, decrease inflammation, protect against apoptosis, and modulate microglial activation state. All these mechanisms of action strongly suggest that PBM delivered to the head should be beneficial in cases of both acute and chronic TBI. Most reports have used NIR light either from lasers or from light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Many studies in small animal models of acute TBI have found positive effects on neurological function, learning and memory, and reduced inflammation and cell death in the brain. There is evidence that PBM can help the brain repair itself by stimulating neurogenesis, upregulating BDNF synthesis, and encouraging synaptogenesis. In healthy human volunteers (including students and healthy elderly women), PBM has been shown to increase regional cerebral blood flow, tissue oxygenation, and improve memory, mood, and cognitive function. Clinical studies have been conducted in patients suffering from the chronic effects of TBI. There have been reports showing improvement in executive function, working memory, and sleep. Functional magnetic resonance imaging has shown modulation of activation in intrinsic brain networks likely to be damaged in TBI (default mode network and salience network).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA
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Thunshelle C, Hamblin MR. Transcranial Low-Level Laser (Light) Therapy for Brain Injury. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 34:587-598. [PMID: 28001759 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.4051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM) is a possible treatment for brain injury, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS We review the fundamental mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level and the effects on the brain are discussed. There are several contributing processes that have been proposed to lead to the beneficial effects of PBM in treating TBI such as stimulation of neurogenesis, a decrease in inflammation, and neuroprotection. Both animal and clinical trials for ischemic stroke are outlined. A number of articles have shown how transcranial LLLT (tLLLT) is effective at increasing memory, learning, and the overall neurological performance in rodent models with TBI. RESULTS Our laboratory has conducted three different studies on the effects of tLLLT on mice with TBI. The first studied pulsed against continuous laser irradiation, finding that 10 Hz pulsed was the best. The second compared four different wavelengths, discovering only 660 and 810 nm to have any effectiveness, whereas 732 and 980 nm did not. The third looked at varying regimens of daily laser treatments (1, 3, and 14 days) and found that 14 laser applications was excessive. We also review several studies of the effects of tLLLT on neuroprogenitor cells, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and synaptogenesis, immediate early response knockout mice, and tLLLT in combination therapy with metabolic inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Finally, some clinical studies in TBI patients are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Thunshelle
- 1 Harvard College , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,2 Wellman Center for Photomedicine , Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- 2 Wellman Center for Photomedicine , Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Remote tissue conditioning - An emerging approach for inducing body-wide protection against diseases of ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 37:69-78. [PMID: 28552720 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have long accepted that exercise is 'good for us'; that - put more rigorously - moderate exercise is associated with not just aerobic fitness but also reduced morbidity and reduced mortality from cardiovascular disease and even malignancies. Caloric restriction (moderate hunger) and our exposure to dietary phytochemicals are also emerging as stresses which are 'good for us' in the same sense. This review focuses on an important extension of this concept: that stress localized within the body (e.g. in a limb) can induce resilience in tissues throughout the body. We describe evidence for the efficacy of two 'remote' protective interventions - remote ischemic conditioning and remote photobiomodulation - and discuss the mechanisms underlying their protective actions. While the biological phenomenon of remote tissue conditioning is only partially understood, it holds promise for protecting critical-to-life tissues while mitigating risks and practical barriers to direct conditioning of these tissues.
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Low-Level Laser Irradiation Improves Motor Recovery After Contusive Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:57-64. [PMID: 30603462 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-0003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the therapeutic effects of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) on the recovery of motor function and its underlying mechanisms in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). The spinal cord was contused at the T11 level using a New York University impactor. Thirty-eight rats were randomly divided into four groups: LLLI with 0.08 J, 0.4 J, 0.8 J, and sham. We transcutaneously applied at the lesion site of the spinal contusive rats 5 min after injury and then daily for 21 days. The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor scale and combined behavioral score (CBS) were used to evaluate motor function. The spinal segments of rostral and caudal from the lesion site, the epicenter, and L4-5 were collected from normal and the all groups at 7 days after SCI. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was compared across groups in all regions. In the present study, LLLI with 0.4 J and 0.8 J led to a significant improvement in motor function compared to sham LLLI, which significantly decreased TNF-α expression at the lesion epicenter and reduced iNOS expression in the caudal segment for all LLLI groups and in the L4-5 segments for the 0.4 J and 0.8 J groups when compared to sham LLLI group. Our results demonstrate that transcutaneous LLLI modulate inflammatory mediators to enhance motor function recovery after SCI. Thus, LLLI in acute phase after SCI might have therapeutic potential for neuroprotection and restoration of motor function following SCI.
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25
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Xuan W, Huang L, Hamblin MR. Repeated transcranial low-level laser therapy for traumatic brain injury in mice: biphasic dose response and long-term treatment outcome. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:1263-1272. [PMID: 26990361 PMCID: PMC5025344 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that near-infrared laser photobiomodulation (PBM) (810 nm, CW, 18 J/cm2 , 25 mW/cm2 ) delivered to the mouse daily for 3-days after a controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury (TBI) gave a significant improvement in neurological/cognitive function. However the same parameters delivered 14X daily gave significantly less benefit. This biphasic dose response intrigued us, and we decided to follow the mice that received 3X or 14X laser treatments out to 56-days post-TBI. We found the 14X group showed worse neurological function than the no-treatment TBI group at 2-weeks, but started to improve steadily during the next 6-weeks, and by 56-days were significantly better than the no-treatment TBI mice, but still worse than the 3X mice. A marker of activated glial cells (GFAP) was significantly increased in the brain regions (compared to both untreated TBI and 3X groups) at 4-weeks in the 14X group, but the GFAP had fallen to low levels in both 3X and 14X groups by 8-weeks. We conclude that an excessive number of laser-treatments delivered to mice can temporarily inhibit the process of brain repair stimulated by tPBM, but then the inhibitory effect ceases, and brain repair can resume. The mechanism may be temporary induction of reactive gliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Xuan
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ruikang Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liyi Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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26
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Rochkind S. Laser Photobiomodulation in Neuroscience: From Bench to Bedside. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 34:585-586. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Rochkind
- Division of Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction, Department of Neurosurgery, Research Center for Nerve Reconstruction, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Kline AE, Leary JB, Radabaugh HL, Cheng JP, Bondi CO. Combination therapies for neurobehavioral and cognitive recovery after experimental traumatic brain injury: Is more better? Prog Neurobiol 2016; 142:45-67. [PMID: 27166858 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant health care crisis that affects two million individuals in the United Sates alone and over ten million worldwide each year. While numerous monotherapies have been evaluated and shown to be beneficial at the bench, similar results have not translated to the clinic. One reason for the lack of successful translation may be due to the fact that TBI is a heterogeneous disease that affects multiple mechanisms, thus requiring a therapeutic approach that can act on complementary, rather than single, targets. Hence, the use of combination therapies (i.e., polytherapy) has emerged as a viable approach. Stringent criteria, such as verification of each individual treatment plus the combination, a focus on behavioral outcome, and post-injury vs. pre-injury treatments, were employed to determine which studies were appropriate for review. The selection process resulted in 37 papers that fit the specifications. The review, which is the first to comprehensively assess the effects of combination therapies on behavioral outcomes after TBI, encompasses five broad categories (inflammation, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter dysregulation, neurotrophins, and stem cells, with and without rehabilitative therapies). Overall, the findings suggest that combination therapies can be more beneficial than monotherapies as indicated by 46% of the studies exhibiting an additive or synergistic positive effect versus on 19% reporting a negative interaction. These encouraging findings serve as an impetus for continued combination studies after TBI and ultimately for the development of successful clinically relevant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Kline
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States, United States; Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Jacob B Leary
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Hannah L Radabaugh
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Jeffrey P Cheng
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Corina O Bondi
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
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28
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Traumatic Axonal Injury: Mechanisms and Translational Opportunities. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:311-324. [PMID: 27040729 PMCID: PMC5405046 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is an important pathoanatomical subgroup of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a major driver of mortality and functional impairment. Experimental models have provided insights into the effects of mechanical deformation on the neuronal cytoskeleton and the subsequent processes that drive axonal injury. There is also increasing recognition that axonal or white matter loss may progress for years post-injury and represent one mechanistic framework for progressive neurodegeneration after TBI. Previous trials of novel therapies have failed to make an impact on clinical outcome, in both TBI in general and TAI in particular. Recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of injury have the potential to translate into novel therapeutic targets. Multiple therapeutic targets are emerging that offer the potential to reduce secondary brain injury at a cellular level. These include cytoskeletal and membrane stabilisation, control of calcium flux and calpain activation, optimisation of cellular energetics, and modulation of the inflammatory response. Wallerian degeneration, as occurs following an axonal injury, is an active, cell-autonomous death pathway that involves failure of axonal transport to deliver key enzymes involved in NAD biosynthesis. Chronic microglial activation occurs following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may persist for decades afterwards. This ongoing response has been linked to long-term neurodegeneration, particularly of white matter tracts. Phagoptosis is the process whereby physiologically stressed but otherwise viable neurons are phagocytosed by microglia in response to a range of eat-me signals induced by tissue injury.
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Johnstone DM, Moro C, Stone J, Benabid AL, Mitrofanis J. Turning On Lights to Stop Neurodegeneration: The Potential of Near Infrared Light Therapy in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 9:500. [PMID: 26793049 PMCID: PMC4707222 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are the two most common neurodegenerative disorders. They develop after a progressive death of many neurons in the brain. Although therapies are available to treat the signs and symptoms of both diseases, the progression of neuronal death remains relentless, and it has proved difficult to slow or stop. Hence, there is a need to develop neuroprotective or disease-modifying treatments that stabilize this degeneration. Red to infrared light therapy (λ = 600-1070 nm), and in particular light in the near infrared (NIr) range, is emerging as a safe and effective therapy that is capable of arresting neuronal death. Previous studies have used NIr to treat tissue stressed by hypoxia, toxic insult, genetic mutation and mitochondrial dysfunction with much success. Here we propose NIr therapy as a neuroprotective or disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cécile Moro
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus Grenoble, France
| | - Jonathan Stone
- Department of Physiology, University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alim-Louis Benabid
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus Grenoble, France
| | - John Mitrofanis
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus Grenoble, France
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Gonçalves ED, Souza PS, Lieberknecht V, Fidelis GSP, Barbosa RI, Silveira PCL, de Pinho RA, Dutra RC. Low-level laser therapy ameliorates disease progression in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Autoimmunity 2015; 49:132-42. [PMID: 26703077 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1124425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent episodes of T cell-mediated immune attack on central nervous system (CNS) myelin, leading to axon damage and progressive disability. The existing therapies for MS are only partially effective and are associated with undesirable side effects. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been clinically used to treat inflammation, and to induce tissue healing and repair processes. However, there are no reports about the effects and mechanisms of LLLT in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an established model of MS. Here, we report the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of LLLT (AlGaInP, 660 nm and GaAs, 904 nm) irradiated on the spinal cord during EAE development. EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with MOG35-55 peptide emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Our results showed that LLLT consistently reduced the clinical score of EAE and delayed the disease onset, and also prevented weight loss induced by immunization. Furthermore, these beneficial effects of LLLT seem to be associated with the down-regulation of NO levels in the CNS, although the treatment with LLLT failed to inhibit lipid peroxidation and restore antioxidant defense during EAE. Finally, histological analysis showed that LLLT blocked neuroinflammation through a reduction of inflammatory cells in the CNS, especially lymphocytes, as well as preventing demyelination in the spinal cord after EAE induction. Together, our results suggest the use of LLLT as a therapeutic application during autoimmune neuroinflammatory responses, such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine D Gonçalves
- a Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil .,b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and
| | - Priscila S Souza
- b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and
| | - Vicente Lieberknecht
- a Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil
| | - Giulia S P Fidelis
- b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and
| | - Rafael I Barbosa
- c Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of Locomotor System , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil
| | - Paulo C L Silveira
- b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and
| | - Ricardo A de Pinho
- b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and
| | - Rafael C Dutra
- a Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil .,b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and.,c Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of Locomotor System , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil
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31
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Lapchak PA, Boitano PD, Butte PV, Fisher DJ, Hölscher T, Ley EJ, Nuño M, Voie AH, Rajput PS. Transcranial Near-Infrared Laser Transmission (NILT) Profiles (800 nm): Systematic Comparison in Four Common Research Species. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127580. [PMID: 26039354 PMCID: PMC4454538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Transcranial near-infrared laser therapy (TLT) is a promising and novel method to promote neuroprotection and clinical improvement in both acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as acute ischemic stroke (AIS), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients based upon efficacy in translational animal models. However, there is limited information in the peer-reviewed literature pertaining to transcranial near-infrared laser transmission (NILT) profiles in various species. Thus, in the present study we systematically evaluated NILT characteristics through the skull of 4 different species: mouse, rat, rabbit and human. Results Using dehydrated skulls from 3 animal species, using a wavelength of 800nm and a surface power density of 700 mW/cm2, NILT decreased from 40.10% (mouse) to 21.24% (rat) to 11.36% (rabbit) as skull thickness measured at bregma increased from 0.44 mm in mouse to 0.83 mm in rat and then 2.11 mm in rabbit. NILT also significantly increased (p<0.05) when animal skulls were hydrated (i.e. compared to dehydrated); but there was no measurable change in thickness due to hydration. In human calvaria, where mean thickness ranged from 7.19 mm at bregma to 5.91 mm in the parietal skull, only 4.18% and 4.24% of applied near-infrared light was transmitted through the skull. There was a slight (9.2-13.4%), but insignificant effect of hydration state on NILT transmission of human skulls, but there was a significant positive correlation between NILT and thickness at bregma and parietal skull, in both hydrated and dehydrated states. Conclusion This is the first systematic study to demonstrate differential NILT through the skulls of 4 different species; with an inverse relationship between NILT and skull thickness. With animal skulls, transmission profiles are dependent upon the hydration state of the skull, with significantly greater penetration through hydrated skulls compared to dehydrated skulls. Using human skulls, we demonstrate a significant correlation between thickness and penetration, but there was no correlation with skull density. The results suggest that TLT should be optimized in animals using novel approaches incorporating human skull characteristics, because of significant variance of NILT profiles directly related to skull thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Lapchak
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul D. Boitano
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Pramod V. Butte
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David J. Fisher
- BURL Concepts Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Thilo Hölscher
- BURL Concepts Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Ley
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Miriam Nuño
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Arne H. Voie
- BURL Concepts Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Padmesh S. Rajput
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Chaieb L, Antal A, Masurat F, Paulus W. Neuroplastic effects of transcranial near-infrared stimulation (tNIRS) on the motor cortex. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:147. [PMID: 26082699 PMCID: PMC4451368 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared light stimulation of the brain has been claimed to improve deficits caused by traumatic brain injury and stroke. Here, we exploit the effect of transcranial near-infrared stimulation (tNIRS) as a tool to modulate cortical excitability in the healthy human brain. tNIRS was applied at a wavelength of 810 nm for 10 min over the hand area of the primary motor cortex (M1). Both single-pulse and paired-pulse measures of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were used to assess levels of cortical excitability in the corticospinal pathway and intracortical circuits. The serial reaction time task (SRTT) was used to investigate the possible effect of tNIRS on implicit learning. By evaluating the mean amplitude of single-pulse TMS elicited motor-evoked-potentials (MEPs) a significant decrease of the amplitude was observed up to 30 min post-stimulation, compared to baseline. Furthermore, the short interval cortical inhibition (SICI) was increased and facilitation (ICF) decreased significantly after tNIRS. The results from the SRTT experiment show that there was no net effect of stimulation on the performance of the participants. Results of a study questionnaire demonstrated that tNIRS did not induce serious side effects apart from light headache and fatigue. Nevertheless, 66% were able to detect the difference between active and sham stimulation conditions. In this study we provide further evidence that tNIRS is suitable as a tool for influencing cortical excitability and activity in the healthy human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Chaieb
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany ; Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Antal
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florentin Masurat
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany
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Xuan W, Agrawal T, Huang L, Gupta GK, Hamblin MR. Low-level laser therapy for traumatic brain injury in mice increases brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptogenesis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:502-11. [PMID: 25196192 PMCID: PMC5379854 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) is a new non-invasive approach to treating a range of brain disorders including traumatic brain injury (TBI). We (and others) have shown that applying near-infrared light to the head of animals that have suffered TBI produces improvement in neurological functioning, lessens the size of the brain lesion, reduces neuroinflammation, and stimulates the formation of new neurons. In the present study we used a controlled cortical impact TBI in mice and treated the mice either once (4 h post-TBI, 1-laser), or three daily applications (3-laser) with 810 nm CW laser 36 J/cm(2) at 50 mW/cm(2). Similar to previous studies, the neurological severity score improved in laser-treated mice compared to untreated TBI mice at day 14 and continued to further improve at days 21 and 28 with 3-laser being better than 1-laser. Mice were sacrificed at days 7 and 28 and brains removed for immunofluorescence analysis. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was significantly upregulated by laser treatment in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG) and the subventricular zone (SVZ) but not in the perilesional cortex (lesion) at day 7 but not at day 28. Synapsin-1 (a marker for synaptogenesis, the formation of new connections between existing neurons) was significantly upregulated in lesion and SVZ but not DG, at 28 days but not 7 days. The data suggest that the benefit of LLLT to the brain is partly mediated by stimulation of BDNF production, which may in turn encourage synaptogenesis. Moreover the pleiotropic benefits of BDNF in the brain suggest LLLT may have wider applications to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Neurological Severity Score (NSS) for TBI mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Xuan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Traditional Chinese Medical University of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Tanupriya Agrawal
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Traditional Chinese Medical University of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Liyi Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Traditional Chinese Medical University of Guangxi, Nanning, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated College & Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Gaurav K Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Traditional Chinese Medical University of Guangxi, Nanning, China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Traditional Chinese Medical University of Guangxi, Nanning, China.
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Gonzalez-Lima F, Auchter A. Protection against neurodegeneration with low-dose methylene blue and near-infrared light. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:179. [PMID: 26029050 PMCID: PMC4428125 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX, USA
| | - Allison Auchter
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX, USA
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Li S, Zaninotto AL, Neville IS, Paiva WS, Nunn D, Fregni F. Clinical utility of brain stimulation modalities following traumatic brain injury: current evidence. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:1573-86. [PMID: 26170670 PMCID: PMC4494620 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s65816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains the main cause of disability and a major public health problem worldwide. This review focuses on the neurophysiology of TBI, and the rationale and current state of evidence of clinical application of brain stimulation to promote TBI recovery, particularly on consciousness, cognitive function, motor impairments, and psychiatric conditions. We discuss the mechanisms of different brain stimulation techniques including major noninvasive and invasive stimulations. Thus far, most noninvasive brain stimulation interventions have been nontargeted and focused on the chronic phase of recovery after TBI. In the acute stages, there is limited available evidence of the efficacy and safety of brain stimulation to improve functional outcomes. Comparing the studies across different techniques, transcranial direct current stimulation is the intervention that currently has the higher number of properly designed clinical trials, though total number is still small. We recognize the need for larger studies with target neuroplasticity modulation to fully explore the benefits of brain stimulation to effect TBI recovery during different stages of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China ; Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Luiza Zaninotto
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Division of Psychology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iuri Santana Neville
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wellingson Silva Paiva
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danuza Nunn
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Xuan W, Vatansever F, Huang L, Hamblin MR. Transcranial low-level laser therapy enhances learning, memory, and neuroprogenitor cells after traumatic brain injury in mice. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:108003. [PMID: 25292167 PMCID: PMC4189010 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.10.108003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of transcranial low-level laser (light) therapy (tLLLT) to treat stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) is attracting increasing attention. We previously showed that LLLT using an 810-nm laser 4 h after controlled cortical impact (CCI)-TBI in mice could significantly improve the neurological severity score, decrease lesion volume, and reduce Fluoro-Jade staining for degenerating neurons. We obtained some evidence for neurogenesis in the region of the lesion. We now tested the hypothesis that tLLLT can improve performance on the Morris water maze (MWM, learning, and memory) and increase neurogenesis in the hippocampus and subventricular zone (SVZ) after CCI-TBI in mice. One and (to a greater extent) three daily laser treatments commencing 4-h post-TBI improved neurological performance as measured by wire grip and motion test especially at 3 and 4 weeks post-TBI. Improvements in visible and hidden platform latency and probe tests in MWM were seen at 4 weeks. Caspase-3 expression was lower in the lesion region at 4 days post-TBI. Double-stained BrdU-NeuN (neuroprogenitor cells) was increased in the dentate gyrus and SVZ. Increases in double-cortin (DCX) and TUJ-1 were also seen. Our study results suggest that tLLLT may improve TBI both by reducing cell death in the lesion and by stimulating neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Xuan
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Nanning 530021, China
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Fatma Vatansever
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Liyi Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Guangxi Medical University, First Affiliated College and Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Michael R. Hamblin E-mail:
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Neurological and psychological applications of transcranial lasers and LEDs. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:447-57. [PMID: 23806754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial brain stimulation with low-level light/laser therapy (LLLT) is the use of directional low-power and high-fluency monochromatic or quasimonochromatic light from lasers or LEDs in the red-to-near-infrared wavelengths to modulate a neurobiological function or induce a neurotherapeutic effect in a nondestructive and non-thermal manner. The mechanism of action of LLLT is based on photon energy absorption by cytochrome oxidase, the terminal enzyme in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Cytochrome oxidase has a key role in neuronal physiology, as it serves as an interface between oxidative energy metabolism and cell survival signaling pathways. Cytochrome oxidase is an ideal target for cognitive enhancement, as its expression reflects the changes in metabolic capacity underlying higher-order brain functions. This review provides an update on new findings on the neurotherapeutic applications of LLLT. The photochemical mechanisms supporting its cognitive-enhancing and brain-stimulatory effects in animal models and humans are discussed. LLLT is a potential non-invasive treatment for cognitive impairment and other deficits associated with chronic neurological conditions, such as large vessel and lacunar hypoperfusion or neurodegeneration. Brain photobiomodulation with LLLT is paralleled by pharmacological effects of low-dose USP methylene blue, a non-photic electron donor with the ability to stimulate cytochrome oxidase activity, redox and free radical processes. Both interventions provide neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement by facilitating mitochondrial respiration, with hormetic dose-response effects and brain region activational specificity. This evidence supports enhancement of mitochondrial respiratory function as a generalizable therapeutic principle relevant to highly adaptable systems that are exquisitely sensitive to energy availability such as the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mester
- National Laser Therapy Centre, Peterfy Sandor Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
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Xuan W, Vatansever F, Huang L, Wu Q, Xuan Y, Dai T, Ando T, Xu T, Huang YY, Hamblin MR. Transcranial low-level laser therapy improves neurological performance in traumatic brain injury in mice: effect of treatment repetition regimen. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53454. [PMID: 23308226 PMCID: PMC3538543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) has been clinically applied around the world for a spectrum of disorders requiring healing, regeneration and prevention of tissue death. One area that is attracting growing interest in this scope is the use of transcranial LLLT to treat stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). We developed a mouse model of severe TBI induced by controlled cortical impact and explored the effect of different treatment schedules. Adult male BALB/c mice were divided into 3 broad groups (a) sham-TBI sham-treatment, (b) real-TBI sham-treatment, and (c) real-TBI active-treatment. Mice received active-treatment (transcranial LLLT by continuous wave 810 nm laser, 25 mW/cm2, 18 J/cm2, spot diameter 1 cm) while sham-treatment was immobilization only, delivered either as a single treatment at 4 hours post TBI, as 3 daily treatments commencing at 4 hours post TBI or as 14 daily treatments. Mice were sacrificed at 0, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days post-TBI for histology or histomorphometry, and injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at days 21–27 to allow identification of proliferating cells. Mice with severe TBI treated with 1-laser Tx (and to a greater extent 3-laser Tx) had significant improvements in neurological severity score (NSS), and wire-grip and motion test (WGMT). However 14-laser Tx provided no benefit over TBI-sham control. Mice receiving 1- and 3-laser Tx had smaller lesion size at 28-days (although the size increased over 4 weeks in all TBI-groups) and less Fluoro-Jade staining for degenerating neurons (at 14 days) than in TBI control and 14-laser Tx groups. There were more BrdU-positive cells in the lesion in 1- and 3-laser groups suggesting LLLT may increase neurogenesis. Transcranial NIR laser may provide benefit in cases of acute TBI provided the optimum treatment regimen is employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Xuan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology, Traditional Chinese Medical University of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Fatma Vatansever
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Liyi Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated College & Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuhe Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Burn, Jinan Center Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Xuan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Takahiro Ando
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tao Xu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Aesthetic and Plastic Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Huang YY, Gupta A, Vecchio D, Bil de Arce VJ, Huang SF, Xuan W, Hamblin MR. Transcranial low level laser (light) therapy for traumatic brain injury. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2012; 5:827-37. [PMID: 22807422 PMCID: PMC5379852 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We review the use of transcranial low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) as a possible treatment for traumatic-brain injury (TBI). The basic mechanisms of LLLT at the cellular and molecular level and its effects on the brain are outlined. Many interacting processes may contribute to the beneficial effects in TBI including neuroprotection, reduction of inflammation and stimulation of neurogenesis. Animal studies and clinical trials of transcranial-LLLT for ischemic stroke are summarized. Several laboratories have shown that LLLT is effective in increasing neurological performance and memory and learning in mouse models of TBI. There have been case report papers that show beneficial effects of transcranial-LLLT in a total of three patients with chronic TBI. Our laboratory has conducted three studies on LLLT and TBI in mice. One looked at pulsed-vs-continuous wave laser-irradiation and found 10 Hz to be superior. The second looked at four different laser-wavelengths (660, 730, 810, and 980 nm); only 660 and 810 nm were effective. The last looked at different treatment repetition regimens (1, 3 and 14-daily laser-treatments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Aesthetic and Plastic Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Asheesh Gupta
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi-110 054, India
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vida J. Bil de Arce
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shih-Fong Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan 112
| | - Weijun Xuan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Traditional Chinese Medical University of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Quirk BJ, Torbey M, Buchmann E, Verma S, Whelan HT. Near-infrared photobiomodulation in an animal model of traumatic brain injury: improvements at the behavioral and biochemical levels. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:523-9. [PMID: 22793787 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of near-infrared (NIR) light using an in-vivo rodent model of traumatic brain injury (TBI), controlled cortical impact (CCI), and to characterize changes at the behavioral and biochemical levels. BACKGROUND DATA NIR upregulates mitochondrial function, and decreases oxidative stress. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis are important in TBI. NIR enhanced cell viability and mitochondrial function in previous in-vitro TBI models, supporting potential NIR in-vivo benefits. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: severe TBI, sham surgery, and anesthetization only (behavioral response only). Cohorts in each group were administered either no NIR or NIR. They received two 670 nm LED treatments (5 min, 50 mW/cm(2), 15 J/cm(2)) per day for 72 h (chemical analysis) or 10 days (behavioral). During the recovery period, animals were tested for locomotor and behavioral activities using a TruScan device. Frozen brain tissue was obtained at 72 h and evaluated for apoptotic markers and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. RESULTS Significant differences were seen in the TBI plus and minus NIR (TBI+/-) and sham plus and minus NIR (S+/-) comparisons for some of the TruScan nose poke parameters. A statistically significant decrease was found in the Bax pro-apoptotic marker attributable to NIR exposure, along with lesser increases in Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic marker and GSH levels. CONCLUSIONS These results show statistically significant, preclinical outcomes that support the use of NIR treatment after TBI in effecting changes at the behavioral, cellular, and chemical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Quirk
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Sommer AP. A novel approach for addressing Alzheimer's disease: The chemo-optical synergism. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:1297-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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