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Lemche E, Killick R, Mitchell J, Caton PW, Choudhary P, Howard JK. Molecular mechanisms linking type 2 diabetes mellitus and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 196:106485. [PMID: 38643861 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Research evidence indicating common metabolic mechanisms through which type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases risk of late-onset Alzheimer's dementia (LOAD) has accumulated over recent decades. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive review of common mechanisms, which have hitherto been discussed in separate perspectives, and to assemble and evaluate candidate loci and epigenetic modifications contributing to polygenic risk linkages between T2DM and LOAD. For the systematic review on pathophysiological mechanisms, both human and animal studies up to December 2023 are included. For the qualitative meta-analysis of genomic bases, human association studies were examined; for epigenetic mechanisms, data from human studies and animal models were accepted. Papers describing pathophysiological studies were identified in databases, and further literature gathered from cited work. For genomic and epigenomic studies, literature mining was conducted by formalised search codes using Boolean operators in search engines, and augmented by GeneRif citations in Entrez Gene, and other sources (WikiGenes, etc.). For the systematic review of pathophysiological mechanisms, 923 publications were evaluated, and 138 gene loci extracted for testing candidate risk linkages. 3 57 publications were evaluated for genomic association and descriptions of epigenomic modifications. Overall accumulated results highlight insulin signalling, inflammation and inflammasome pathways, proteolysis, gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, glycosylation, lipoprotein metabolism and oxidation, cell cycle regulation or survival, autophagic-lysosomal pathways, and energy. Documented findings suggest interplay between brain insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, insult compensatory mechanisms, and peripheral metabolic dysregulation in T2DM and LOAD linkage. The results allow for more streamlined longitudinal studies of T2DM-LOAD risk linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Lemche
- Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard Killick
- Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie Mitchell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Maurice Wohl CIinical Neurosciences Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W Caton
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Pratik Choudhary
- Diabetes Research Group, Weston Education Centre, King's College London, 10 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jane K Howard
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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2
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Cai Y, Zhang Y, Leng S, Ma Y, Jiang Q, Wen Q, Ju S, Hu J. The relationship between inflammation, impaired glymphatic system, and neurodegenerative disorders: A vicious cycle. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 192:106426. [PMID: 38331353 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The term "glymphatic" emerged roughly a decade ago, marking a pivotal point in neuroscience research. The glymphatic system, a glial-dependent perivascular network distributed throughout the brain, has since become a focal point of investigation. There is increasing evidence suggesting that impairment of the glymphatic system appears to be a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders, and this impairment exacerbates as disease progression. Nevertheless, the common factors contributing to glymphatic system dysfunction across most neurodegenerative disorders remain unclear. Inflammation, however, is suspected to play a pivotal role. Dysfunction of the glymphatic system can lead to a significant accumulation of protein and waste products, which can trigger inflammation. The interaction between the glymphatic system and inflammation appears to be cyclical and potentially synergistic. Yet, current research is limited, and there is a lack of comprehensive models explaining this association. In this perspective review, we propose a novel model suggesting that inflammation, impaired glymphatic function, and neurodegenerative disorders interconnected in a vicious cycle. By presenting experimental evidence from the existing literature, we aim to demonstrate that: (1) inflammation aggravates glymphatic system dysfunction, (2) the impaired glymphatic system exacerbated neurodegenerative disorders progression, (3) neurodegenerative disorders progression promotes inflammation. Finally, the implication of proposed model is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yangqiqi Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuo Leng
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Qiuting Wen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W.16th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5188, USA
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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3
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The potential use of tetracyclines in neurodegenerative diseases and the role of nano-based drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 175:106237. [PMID: 35710076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are still a challenge for effective treatments. The high cost of approved drugs, severity of side effects, injection site pain, and restrictions on drug delivery to the Central Nervous System (CNS) can overshadow the management of these diseases. Due to the chronic and progressive evolution of neurodegenerative disorders and since there is still no cure for them, new therapeutic strategies such as the combination of several drugs or the use of existing drugs with new therapeutic applications are valuable strategies. Tetracyclines are traditionally classified as antibiotics. However, in this class of drugs, doxycycline and minocycline exhibit also anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting microglia/macrophages. Hence, they have been studied as potential agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies confirm the effective role of these two drugs as anti-inflammatory agents in experimentally induced models of neurodegenerative diseases. In clinical studies, satisfactory results have been obtained in Multiple sclerosis (MS) but not yet in other disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), or Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In recent years, researchers have developed and evaluated nanoparticulate drug delivery systems to improve the clinical efficacy of these two tetracyclines for their potential application in neurodegenerative diseases. This study reviews the neuroprotective roles of minocycline and doxycycline in four of the main neurodegenerative disorders: AD, PD, ALS and MS. Moreover, the potential applications of nanoparticulate delivery systems developed for both tetracyclines are also reviewed.
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4
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Changes in CD163+, CD11b+, and CCR2+ peripheral monocytes relate to Parkinson's disease and cognition. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:182-193. [PMID: 35026420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein pathology is associated with immune activation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. The immune activation involves not only microglia but also peripheral immune cells, such as mononuclear phagocytes found in blood and infiltrated in the brain. Understanding peripheral immune involvement is essential for developing immunomodulatory treatment. Therefore, we aimed to study circulating mononuclear phagocytes in early- and late-stage Parkinson's disease, defined by disease duration of less or more than five years, respectively, and analyze their association with clinical phenotypes. We performed a cross-sectional multi-color flow cytometry study on 78 sex-balanced individuals with sporadic Parkinson's disease, 28 controls, and longitudinal samples from seven patients and one control. Cell frequencies and surface marker expressions on natural killer cells, monocyte subtypes, and dendritic cells were compared between groups and correlated with standardized clinical scores. We found elevated frequencies and surface levels of migration- (CCR2, CD11b) and phagocytic- (CD163) markers, particularly on classical and intermediate monocytes in early Parkinson's disease. HLA-DR expression was increased in advanced stages of the disease, whereas TLR4 expression was decreased in women with Parkinson's Disease. The disease-associated immune changes of CCR2 and CD11b correlated with worse cognition. Increased TLR2 expression was related to worse motor symptoms. In conclusion, our data highlights the TLR2 relevance in the symptomatic motor presentation of the disease and a role for peripheral CD163+ and migration-competent monocytes in Parkinson's disease cognitive defects. Our study suggests that the peripheral immune system is dynamically altered in Parkinson's disease stages and directly related to both symptoms and the sex bias of the disease.
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5
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Liang Y, Xie S, He Y, Xu M, Qiao X, Zhu Y, Wu W. Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites as Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9484217. [PMID: 35096208 PMCID: PMC8791723 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9484217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that deteriorates cognitive function. Patients with AD generally exhibit neuroinflammation, elevated beta-amyloid (Aβ), tau phosphorylation (p-tau), and other pathological changes in the brain. The kynurenine pathway (KP) and several of its metabolites, especially quinolinic acid (QA), are considered to be involved in the neuropathogenesis of AD. The important metabolites and key enzymes show significant importance in neuroinflammation and AD. Meanwhile, the discovery of changed levels of KP metabolites in patients with AD suggests that KP metabolites may have a prominent role in the pathogenesis of AD. Further, some KP metabolites exhibit other effects on the brain, such as oxidative stress regulation and neurotoxicity. Both analogs of the neuroprotective and antineuroinflammation metabolites and small molecule enzyme inhibitors preventing the formation of neurotoxic and neuroinflammation compounds may have potential therapeutic significance. This review focused on the KP metabolites through the relationship of neuroinflammation in AD, significant KP metabolites, and associated molecular mechanisms as well as the utility of these metabolites as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD. The objective is to provide references to find biomarkers and therapeutic targets for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Shan Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yanyun He
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Manru Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
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6
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Thorp EB, Flanagan ME, Popko B, DeBerge M. Resolving inflammatory links between myocardial infarction and vascular dementia. Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101600. [PMID: 35227567 PMCID: PMC10234261 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is associated with increased risk for vascular dementia. In both myocardial infarction and vascular dementia, there is evidence that elevated inflammatory biomarkers are associated with worsened clinical outcomes. Myocardial infarction leads to a systemic inflammatory response, which may contribute to recruitment or activation of myeloid cells, including monocytes, microglia, and perivascular macrophages, within the central nervous system. However, our understanding of the causative roles for these cells linking cardiac injury to the development and progression of dementia is incomplete. Herein, we provide an overview of inflammatory cellular and molecular links between myocardial infarction and vascular dementia and discuss strategies to resolve inflammation after myocardial infarction to limit neurovascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States.
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States; Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Brian Popko
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Matthew DeBerge
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States.
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7
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de Oliveira J, Kucharska E, Garcez ML, Rodrigues MS, Quevedo J, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Budni J. Inflammatory Cascade in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: A Review of Experimental Findings. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102581. [PMID: 34685563 PMCID: PMC8533897 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Most AD patients develop the disease in late life, named late onset AD (LOAD). Currently, the most recognized explanation for AD pathology is the amyloid cascade hypothesis. It is assumed that amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation and deposition are critical pathogenic processes in AD, leading to the formation of amyloid plaques, as well as neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal cell death, synaptic degeneration, and dementia. In LOAD, the causes of Aβ accumulation and neuronal loss are not completely clear. Importantly, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption seems to present an essential role in the induction of neuroinflammation and consequent AD development. In addition, we propose that the systemic inflammation triggered by conditions like metabolic diseases or infections are causative factors of BBB disruption, coexistent inflammatory cascade and, ultimately, the neurodegeneration observed in AD. In this regard, the use of anti-inflammatory molecules could be an interesting strategy to treat, delay or even halt AD onset and progression. Herein, we review the inflammatory cascade and underlying mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis and revise the anti-inflammatory effects of compounds as emerging therapeutic drugs against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-000, Brazil; (J.d.O.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Ewa Kucharska
- Faculty of Education, Institute of Educational Sciences, Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Michelle Lima Garcez
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil;
| | - Matheus Scarpatto Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-000, Brazil; (J.d.O.); (M.S.R.)
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth, The University of Texas Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, IBIMA, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Josiane Budni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma 88806-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-48431-2539
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8
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Mohammadnejad A, Li W, Lund JB, Li S, Larsen MJ, Mengel-From J, Michel TM, Christiansen L, Christensen K, Hjelmborg J, Baumbach J, Tan Q. Global Gene Expression Profiling and Transcription Factor Network Analysis of Cognitive Aging in Monozygotic Twins. Front Genet 2021; 12:675587. [PMID: 34194475 PMCID: PMC8236849 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.675587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive aging is one of the major problems worldwide, especially as people get older. This study aimed to perform global gene expression profiling of cognitive function to identify associated genes and pathways and a novel transcriptional regulatory network analysis to identify important regulons. We performed single transcript analysis on 400 monozygotic twins using an assumption-free generalized correlation coefficient (GCC), linear mixed-effect model (LME) and kinship model and identified six probes (one significant at the standard FDR < 0.05 while the other results were suggestive with 0.18 ≤ FDR ≤ 0.28). We combined the GCC and linear model results to cover diverse patterns of relationships, and meaningful and novel genes like APOBEC3G, H6PD, SLC45A1, GRIN3B, and PDE4D were detected. Our exploratory study showed the downregulation of all these genes with increasing cognitive function or vice versa except the SLC45A1 gene, which was upregulated with increasing cognitive function. Linear models found only H6PD and SLC45A1, the other genes were captured by GCC. Significant functional pathways (FDR < 3.95e-10) such as focal adhesion, ribosome, cysteine and methionine metabolism, Huntington's disease, eukaryotic translation elongation, nervous system development, influenza infection, metabolism of RNA, and cell cycle were identified. A total of five regulons (FDR< 1.3e-4) were enriched in a transcriptional regulatory analysis in which CTCF and REST were activated and SP3, SRF, and XBP1 were repressed regulons. The genome-wide transcription analysis using both assumption-free GCC and linear models identified important genes and biological pathways implicated in cognitive performance, cognitive aging, and neurological diseases. Also, the regulatory network analysis revealed significant activated and repressed regulons on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Mohammadnejad
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Weilong Li
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesper Beltoft Lund
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Digital Health & Machine Learning Research Group, Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Shuxia Li
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin J Larsen
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tanja Maria Michel
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Psychiatry in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacob Hjelmborg
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Computational Biomedicine, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Chair of Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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9
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Soerensen M, Hozakowska-Roszkowska DM, Nygaard M, Larsen MJ, Schwämmle V, Christensen K, Christiansen L, Tan Q. A Genome-Wide Integrative Association Study of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Data and Later Life Cognitive Functioning in Monozygotic Twins. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:233. [PMID: 32327964 PMCID: PMC7160301 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Monozygotic twins are genetically identical but rarely phenotypically identical. Epigenetic and transcriptional variation could influence this phenotypic discordance. Investigation of intra-pair differences in molecular markers and a given phenotype in monozygotic twins controls most of the genetic contribution, enabling studies of the molecular features of the phenotype. This study aimed to identify genes associated with cognition in later life using integrated enrichment analyses of the results of blood-derived intra-pair epigenome-wide and transcriptome-wide association analyses of cognition in 452 middle-aged and old-aged monozygotic twins (56–80 years). Integrated analyses were performed with an unsupervised approach using KeyPathwayMiner, and a supervised approach using the KEGG and Reactome databases. The supervised approach identified several enriched gene sets, including “neuroactive ligand receptor interaction” (p-value = 1.62∗10-2), “Neurotrophin signaling” (p-value = 2.52∗10-3), “Alzheimer’s disease” (p-value = 1.20∗10-2), and “long-term depression” (p-value = 1.62∗10-2). The unsupervised approach resulted in a 238 gene network, including the Alzheimer’s disease gene APP (Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein) as an exception node, and several novel candidate genes. The strength of the unsupervised method is that it can reveal previously uncharacterized sub-pathways and detect interplay between biological processes, which remain undetected by the current supervised methods. In conclusion, this study identified several previously reported cognition genes and pathways and, additionally, puts forward novel candidates for further verification and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Soerensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dominika Marzena Hozakowska-Roszkowska
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin J Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Veit Schwämmle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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10
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Nygaard M, Larsen MJ, Thomassen M, McGue M, Christensen K, Tan Q, Christiansen L. Global expression profiling of cognitive level and decline in middle-aged monozygotic twins. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:141-147. [PMID: 31585296 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Only few studies have investigated the genomewide transcriptome of normative cognitive aging. We therefore aimed at investigating blood gene expression patterns associated with cognitive aging using a population-based sample of 235 middle-aged monozygotic twin pairs with longitudinal data on cognitive function. This unique setup enabled examination of gene expression differences associated with individual and intrapair differences in cognitive level and change while controlling for underlying genetic variation and shared early environment. Overall, increased expression of several gene sets was found to strongly correlate with a lower cognitive level and cognitive decline. The most significantly correlated gene sets were related to protein metabolism, translation, RNA metabolism, infectious disease, and the immune system, which are all processes previously linked to transcription signatures of pathological and normal brain aging, and aging in blood. The results of our study thus suggest that gene expression patterns of cognitive level and decline in our sample mirror those seen in cognitively impaired individuals, which could point toward a more generic response to cognitive aging and aging in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Twin Registry and The Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Martin J Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Human Genetics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Human Genetics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Matt McGue
- The Danish Twin Registry and The Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry and The Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- The Danish Twin Registry and The Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Twin Registry and The Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
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11
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Microbiota Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease: Involvement of the Kynurenine Pathway and Inflammation. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:424-436. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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The Involvement of NLRP3 on the Effects of Minocycline in an AD-Like Pathology Induced by β-Amyloid Oligomers Administered to Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2606-2617. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Garcez ML, Mina F, Bellettini-Santos T, Carneiro FG, Luz AP, Schiavo GL, Andrighetti MS, Scheid MG, Bolfe RP, Budni J. Minocycline reduces inflammatory parameters in the brain structures and serum and reverses memory impairment caused by the administration of amyloid β (1-42) in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 77:23-31. [PMID: 28336494 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common type of age-related dementia. Cognitive decline, beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation are the main pathophysiological characteristics of AD. Minocycline is a tetracycline derivative with anti-inflammatory properties that has a neuroprotective effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of minocycline on memory, neurotrophins and neuroinflammation in an animal model of AD induced by the administration of Aβ (1-42) oligomer. Male BALB/c mice were treated with minocycline (50mg/kg) via the oral route for a total of 17days, 24h after intracerebroventricular administration of Aβ (1-42) oligomer. At the end of this period, was performed the radial maze test, and 24h after the last minocycline administration, serum was collected and the cortex and hippocampus were dissected for biochemical analysis. The administration of minocycline reversed the memory impairment caused by Aβ (1-42). In the hippocampus, minocycline reversed the increases in the levels of interleukin (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha (TNF-α) and, IL-10 caused by Aβ (1-42). In the cortex, AD-like model increase the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and, IL-4. Minocycline treatment reversed this. In the serum, Aβ (1-42) increased the levels of IL-1β and IL-4, and minocycline was able to reverse this action, but not to reverse the decrease of IL-10 levels. Minocycline also reversed the increase in the levels of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus caused by Aβ (1-42), and reduced Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) increases in the total cortex. Therefore, our results indicate that minocycline causes improvements in the spatial memory, and cytokine levels were correlated with this effect in the brain it. Besides this, minocycline reduced BDNF and NGF levels, highlighting the promising effects of minocycline in treating AD-like dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Lima Garcez
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Francielle Mina
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Bellettini-Santos
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Franciellen Gonçalves Carneiro
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline Pereira Luz
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Luis Schiavo
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Matheus Scopel Andrighetti
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maylton Grégori Scheid
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Renan Pereira Bolfe
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Josiane Budni
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil..
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14
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Rezazadeh M, Khorrami A, Yeghaneh T, Talebi M, Kiani SJ, Heshmati Y, Gharesouran J. Genetic Factors Affecting Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Susceptibility. Neuromolecular Med 2015; 18:37-49. [PMID: 26553058 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-015-8376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is considered a progressive brain disease in the older population. Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) as a multifactorial dementia has a polygenic inheritance. Age, environment, and lifestyle along with a growing number of genetic factors have been reported as risk factors for LOAD. Our aim was to present results of LOAD association studies that have been done in northwestern Iran, and we also explored possible interactions with apolipoprotein E (APOE) status. We re-evaluated the association of these markers in dominant, recessive, and additive models. In all, 160 LOAD and 163 healthy control subjects of Azeri Turkish ethnicity were studied. The Chi-square test with Yates' correction and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis. A Bonferroni-corrected p value, based on the number of statistical tests, was considered significant. Our results confirmed that chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α), APOE, bridging integrator 1 (BIN1), and phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) are LOAD susceptibility loci in Azeri Turk ancestry populations. Among them, variants of CCR2, ESR1, TNF α, and APOE revealed associations in three different genetic models. After adjusting for APOE, the association (both allelic and genotypic) with CCR2, BIN1, and ESRα (PvuII) was evident only among subjects without the APOE ε4, whereas the association with CCR5, without Bonferroni correction, was significant only among subjects carrying the APOE ε4 allele. This result is an evidence of a synergistic and antagonistic effect of APOE on variant associations with LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezazadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aziz Khorrami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tarlan Yeghaneh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Talebi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Kiani
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Heshmati
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, H7, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jalal Gharesouran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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15
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Lunnon K, Smith RG, Cooper I, Greenbaum L, Mill J, Beeri MS. Blood methylomic signatures of presymptomatic dementia in elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:1600.e1-4. [PMID: 25585531 PMCID: PMC5747361 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to an aging population, the incidence of dementia is steadily rising. The ability to identify early markers in blood, which appear before the onset of clinical symptoms is of considerable interest to allow early intervention, particularly in "high risk" groups such as those with type 2 diabetes. Here, we present a longitudinal study of genome-wide DNA methylation in whole blood from 18 elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes who developed presymptomatic dementia within an 18-month period following baseline assessment and 18 age-, sex-, and education-matched controls who maintained normal cognitive function. We identified a significant overlap in methylomic differences between groups at baseline and follow-up, with 8 CpG sites being consistently differentially methylated above our nominal significance threshold before symptoms at baseline and at 18 months follow up, after a diagnosis of presymptomatic dementia. Finally, we report a significant overlap between DNA methylation differences identified in converters, only after they develop symptoms of dementia, with differences at the same loci in blood samples from patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease compared with unaffected control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Lunnon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, UK.
| | - Rebecca G Smith
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, London, UK
| | - Itzik Cooper
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jonathan Mill
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, London, UK
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Holly AC, Grellscheid S, van de Walle P, Dolan D, Pilling LC, Daniels DJ, von Zglinicki T, Ferrucci L, Melzer D, Harries LW. Comparison of senescence-associated miRNAs in primary skin and lung fibroblasts. Biogerontology 2015; 16:423-34. [PMID: 25700689 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs with roles in many cellular processes. Tissue-specific miRNA profiles associated with senescence have been described for several cell and tissue types. We aimed to characterise miRNAs involved in core, rather than tissue-specific, senescence pathways by assessment of common miRNA expression differences in two different cell types, with follow-up of predicted targets in human peripheral blood. MicroRNAs were profiled in early and late passage primary lung and skin fibroblasts to identify commonly-deregulated miRNAs. Expression changes of their bioinformatically-predicted mRNA targets were then assessed in both cell types and in human peripheral blood from elderly participants in the InCHIANTI study. 57/178 and 26/492 microRNAs were altered in late passage skin and lung cells respectively. Three miRNAs (miR-92a, miR-15b and miR-125a-3p) were altered in both tissues. 14 mRNA targets of the common miRNAs were expressed in lung and skin fibroblasts, of which two demonstrated up-regulation in late passage skin and lung cells (LYST; p = 0.02 [skin] and 0.02 [lung] INMT; p = 0.03 [skin] and 0.04 [lung]). ZMPSTE24 and LHFPL2 demonstrated altered expression in late passage skin cells only (p = 0.01 and 0.05 respectively). LHFPL2 was also positively correlated with age in peripheral blood (p value = 6.6 × 10(-5)). We find that the majority of senescence-associated miRNAs demonstrate tissue-specific effects. However, miRNAs showing common effects across tissue types may represent those associated with core, rather than tissue-specific senescence processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Holly
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 2LU, UK
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17
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Liu C, Cui G, Zhu M, Kang X, Guo H. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: chemokines produced by astrocytes and chemokine receptors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:8342-8355. [PMID: 25674199 PMCID: PMC4314046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines secreted by astrocytes play multiple roles in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease, a chronic inflammation disorder of central nervous system. The level of chemokines in serum, cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue and their receptors both significantly changed in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we briefly summarized the involvement of astrocytes and chemokines in Alzheimer's disease, and the role of chemokine/chemokine receptors in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease. Clarification of the involvement of chemokines and their receptors, such as MCP-1/CCR2, fractalkine/CX3CR1, SDF-1α/CXCR4, MIP-1α/CCR5, IP-10/CXCR3, IL-8/CXCR1, CXCR2, and RANTES/CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, will provide a new strategy and more specific targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Guohong Cui
- Department of Neurology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Meiping Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Xiangping Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Haidong Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
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18
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MCP-1 and CCR2 gene polymorphisms in Parkinson’s disease in a Han Chinese cohort. Neurol Sci 2014; 36:571-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Lunnon K, Smith RG, Cooper I, Greenbaum L, Mill J, Beeri MS. TEMPORARY REMOVAL: Blood methylomic signatures of presymptomatic dementia in elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Neurobiol Aging 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Chemokines and chemokine receptors in mood disorders, schizophrenia, and cognitive impairment: a systematic review of biomarker studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 42:93-115. [PMID: 24513303 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The search for immune biomarkers in psychiatric disorders has primarily focused on pro-inflammatory cytokines. Other immune proteins including chemokines have been relatively neglected in such studies. Recent evidence has implicated chemokines in many neurobiological processes potentially relevant to psychiatric disorders, beyond their classical chemotactic functions. These may include neuromodulator effects, neurotransmitter-like effects, and direct/indirect regulation of neurogenesis. This systematic review presents the existing early evidence which supports an association of many chemokines with the psychiatric disorders: depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. The non-specific association of chemokines including CXCL8 (IL-8), CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL3 (MIP-1α) and CCL5 (RANTES) with these disorders across diagnostic categories implies a generalised involvement of many chemokine systemic with psychiatric disease. Additional chemokines with great mechanistic relevance including CXCL12 (SDF-1) and CX3CL1 (fractalkine) have been rarely reported in the existing human literature and should be included in future clinical studies. The potential utility of these proteins as pathologically relevant biomarkers or therapeutic targets should be considered by future clinical and translational research.
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21
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Naert G, Rivest S. A deficiency in CCR2+ monocytes: the hidden side of Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Cell Biol 2013; 5:284-93. [PMID: 23892208 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjt028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangle formation and extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. To date, microglia seem to act as double-edged swords, being either beneficial (e.g. clearance of Aβ) or detrimental (e.g. secretion of neurotoxic factors) in AD. Following a rather intense debate on the question, a consensus has emerged that microglia can renew themselves via proliferation of already differentiated microglia as well as via the de novo recruitment of monocytes of mouse models of AD. However, recent advances suggest distinct function for resident and bone marrow-derived microglia (BMDM), and have emphasized the neuroprotective functions of BMDM. BMDM is the only subset of cells that restrict cerebral amyloidosis in the AD brain, which has been recently attributed to CCR2(+) monocytes. Moreover, an impaired recruitment of CCR2(+) monocytes has been reported in AD patients, as seen from the CCR2(+) monocytopenia found in the bloodstream and BM. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the roles and dysfunctions of CCR2(+) monocytes in AD and their potential as key therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Naert
- Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
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22
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Harries LW, Pilling LC, Lampron A, Rivest S, Melzer D. Alzheimer’s pathology: should peripheral monocytes and CCR2 take center stage? Neurodegener Dis Manag 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt.12.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna W Harries
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Luke C Pilling
- Epidemiology & Public Health, Medical School, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Antoine Lampron
- Laboratory of Endocrinology & Genomics, Centre Hospitalier Université Laval Research Center & Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Rivest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology & Genomics, Centre Hospitalier Université Laval Research Center & Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - David Melzer
- Epidemiology & Public Health, Medical School, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
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23
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Naert G, Rivest S. Age-related changes in synaptic markers and monocyte subsets link the cognitive decline of APP(Swe)/PS1 mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2012; 6:51. [PMID: 23125823 PMCID: PMC3485573 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2012.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive memory decline and numerous pathological abnormalities, including amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain and synaptic dysfunction. Here we wanted to study whether these brain changes were associated with alteration in the population of monocyte subsets since accumulating evidence supports the concept that the innate immune system plays a role in the etiology of this disease. We then determined the immune profile together with expression of genes encoding synaptic proteins and neurotrophins in APPSwe/PS1 mice and their age-matched wild-type (WT) littermates. We found that the progressive cognitive decline and the dramatic decrease in the expression of numerous synaptic markers and neurotrophins correlated with a major defect in the subset of circulating inflammatory monocytes. Indeed the number of CX3CR1lowLy6-ChighCCR2+Gr1+ monocytes remained essentially similar between 5 weeks and 6 months of age in APPSwe/PS1 mice, while these cells significantly increased in 6-month-old WT littermates. Of great interest is that the onset of cognitive decline was closely associated with the accumulation of soluble Aβ, disruption of synaptic activity, alteration in the BDNF system, and a defective production in the subset of CX3CR1lowLy6-ChighCCR2+Gr1+ monocytes. However, these memory impairments can be prevented or restored by boosting the monocytic production, using a short treatment of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). In conclusion, low CCR2+ monocyte production by the hematopoietic system may be a direct biomarker of the cognitive decline in a context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Naert
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Genomics, CHUQ Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University Québec City, QC, Canada
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24
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Crimmins EM, Finch CE. The genetics of age-related health outcomes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:467-9. [PMID: 22454370 PMCID: PMC3326245 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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25
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Pilling LC, Harries LW, Powell J, Llewellyn DJ, Ferrucci L, Melzer D. Genomics and successful aging: grounds for renewed optimism? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:511-9. [PMID: 22454374 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful aging depends in part on delaying age-related disease onsets until later in life. Conditions including coronary artery disease, Alzheimer's disease, prostate cancer, and type 2 diabetes are moderately heritable. Genome-wide association studies have identified many risk associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms for these conditions, but much heritability remains unaccounted for. Nevertheless, a great deal is being learned. METHODS Here, we review age-related disease associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms and identify key underlying pathways including lipid handling, specific immune processes, early tissue development, and cell cycle control. RESULTS Most age-related disease associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms do not affect coding regions of genes or protein makeup but instead influence regulation of gene expression. Recent evidence indicates that evolution of gene regulatory sites is fundamental to interspecies differences. Animal models relevant to human aging may therefore need to focus more on gene regulation rather than testing major disruptions to fundamental pathway genes. Recent larger scale human studies of in vivo genome-wide expression (notably from the InCHIANTI aging study) have identified changes in splicing, the "fine tuning" of protein sequences, as a potentially important factor in decline of cellular function with age. Studies of expression with muscle strength and cognition have shown striking concordance with certain mice models of muscle repair and beta-amyloid phagocytosis respectively. CONCLUSIONS The emerging clearer picture of the genetic architecture of age-related diseases in humans is providing new insights into the underlying pathophysiological pathways involved. Translation of genomics into new approaches to prevention, tests and treatments to extend successful aging is therefore likely in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Pilling
- Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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