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Kuwabara M, Mitsuhara T, Teranishi M, Okazaki T, Takeda M, Ishii D, Kondo H, Shimizu K, Hosogai M, Hara T, Maeda Y, Kurose T, Kawahara Y, Yuge L, Horie N. Human cranial bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured under simulated microgravity can improve cerebral infarction in rats. Exp Neurol 2024; 382:114947. [PMID: 39265921 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of transplanting human cranial bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hcMSCs) cultured under simulated microgravity (sMG) conditions has been previously reported; however, their effect on cerebral infarction remains unknown. Here, we examined the efficacy of transplanting hcMSCs cultured in an sMG environment into rat models of cerebral infarction. For evaluating neurological function, hcMSCs cultured in either a normal gravity (1G) or an sMG environment were transplanted in rats 1 day after inducing cerebral infarction. The expression of endogenous neurotrophic, axonal, neuronal, synaptogenic, angiogenic, and apoptosis-related factors in infarcted rat brain tissue was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting 35 days after stroke induction. The RNAs of hcMSCs cultured under 1G or sMG environments were sequenced. The results showed that neurological function was significantly improved after transplantation of hcMSCs from the sMG group compared with that from the 1G group. mRNA expressions of nerve growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2, and synaptophysin were significantly higher in the sMG group than in the 1G group, whereas sortilin 1 expression was significantly lower. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that genes related to cell proliferation, angiogenesis, neurotrophy, neural and synaptic organization, and inhibition of cell differentiation were significantly upregulated in the sMG group. In contrast, genes promoting microtubule and extracellular matrix formation and cell adhesion, signaling, and differentiation were downregulated. These results demonstrate that hcMSCs cultured in the sMG environment may be a useful source of stem cells for the recovery of neurological function after cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Mitsuhara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Teranishi
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahito Okazaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daizo Ishii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kiyoharu Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosogai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuyo Maeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kurose
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Louis Yuge
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Space Bio-Laboratories Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Horie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Ho CNQ, Hoang SN, Nguyen HH, Nguyen HTM, Truong HT, Nguyen QTT, Ly CN, Le LT. The adaptation of 3T3 cells to simulated microgravity by retrieving the major cell cycle-related protein expression during long-term in vitro proliferation. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102460. [PMID: 38981184 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the effects of simulated microgravity (SMG) on 3T3 cell proliferation and the expression of cell cycle regulators. 3T3 cells were induced to SMG by Gravite® for 8 days, while the control group was treated with 1G condition. The result showed that the SMG condition causes a decrease in proliferative activity in 3T3 cells. In the SMG group, the expression of cell cycle-related proteins was lower than the control on day 3. However, these proteins were upregulated in 3T3 cells of the SMG group on day 5, suggesting that these cells were rescued from the arrest and retrieved a higher proliferation. A down-regulation of cell cycle-related proteins was observed in 3T3 cells of both SMG and control groups on day 7. In conclusion, SMG results in the attenuation of cell proliferation during the initial exposure to SMG, but the cells will adapt to this condition and retrieve normal proliferation by increasing the expression of cell cycle regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Nguyen Quynh Ho
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Son Nghia Hoang
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hanh Hong Nguyen
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Han Thai Minh Nguyen
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Biotechnology Innovation Center, University of New Hampshire, Manchester, NH 03101, USA
| | - Han Thi Truong
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Quynh Thi Truc Nguyen
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Cang Ngoc Ly
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Long Thanh Le
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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3
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Nie HY, Ge J, Liu KG, Yue Y, Li H, Lin HG, Yan HF, Zhang T, Sun HW, Yang JW, Zhou JL, Cui Y. The effects of microgravity on stem cells and the new insights it brings to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 41:1-17. [PMID: 38670635 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques may undergo modifications in the future, as life scientists have widely acknowledged the ability of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture systems to accurately simulate in vivo biology. In recent years, researchers have discovered that microgravity devices can address many challenges associated with 3D cell culture. Stem cells, being pluripotent cells, are regarded as a promising resource for regenerative medicine. Recent studies have demonstrated that 3D culture in microgravity devices can effectively guide stem cells towards differentiation and facilitate the formation of functional tissue, thereby exhibiting advantages within the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Furthermore, We delineate the impact of microgravity on the biological behavior of various types of stem cells, while elucidating the underlying mechanisms governing these alterations. These findings offer exciting prospects for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yun Nie
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kai-Ge Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Hai-Guan Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Feng Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Wu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Lian Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China.
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Arzt M, Mozneb M, Escopete S, Moses J, Sharma A. The Benefits of Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering in Low-Earth Orbit. Stem Cells Dev 2024; 33:143-147. [PMID: 38326760 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, there has been a significant shift in biomedical research toward a major focus on stem cell research. Although stem cells and their derivatives exhibit potential in modeling and mitigating human diseases, the ongoing objective is to enhance their utilization and translational potential. Stem cells are increasingly employed in both academic and commercial settings for a variety of in vitro and in vivo applications in regenerative medicine. Notably, accessibility to stem cell research in low-Earth orbit (LEO) has expanded, driven by the unique properties of space, such as microgravity, which cannot exactly be replicated on Earth. As private enterprises continue to grow and launch low-orbit payloads alongside government-funded spaceflight, space has evolved into a more viable destination for scientific exploration. This review underscores the potential benefits of microgravity on fundamental stem cell properties, highlighting the adaptability of cells to their environment and emphasizing physical stimuli as a key factor influencing cultured cells. Previous studies suggest that stimuli such as magnetic fields, shear stress, or gravity impact not only cell kinetics, including differentiation and proliferation, but also therapeutic effects such as cells with improved immunosuppressive capabilities or the ability to identify novel targets to refine disease treatments. With the rapid progress and sustained advocacy for space research, we propose that the advantageous properties of LEO create novel opportunities in biomanufacturing for regenerative medicine, spanning disease modeling, the development of stem cell-derived products, and biofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Arzt
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maedeh Mozneb
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sean Escopete
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Graduate PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jemima Moses
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- CIRM Bridges to Stem Cell Research Program, California State University, Channel Islands, California, USA
| | - Arun Sharma
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Hwang H, Rampoldi A, Forghani P, Li D, Fite J, Boland G, Maher K, Xu C. Space microgravity increases expression of genes associated with proliferation and differentiation in human cardiac spheres. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:88. [PMID: 38071377 PMCID: PMC10710480 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient generation of cardiomyocytes from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is important for their application in basic and translational studies. Space microgravity can significantly change cell activities and function. Previously, we reported upregulation of genes associated with cardiac proliferation in cardiac progenitors derived from hiPSCs that were exposed to space microgravity for 3 days. Here we investigated the effect of long-term exposure of hiPSC-cardiac progenitors to space microgravity on global gene expression. Cryopreserved 3D hiPSC-cardiac progenitors were sent to the International Space Station (ISS) and cultured for 3 weeks under ISS microgravity and ISS 1 G conditions. RNA-sequencing analyses revealed upregulation of genes associated with cardiac differentiation, proliferation, and cardiac structure/function and downregulation of genes associated with extracellular matrix regulation in the ISS microgravity cultures compared with the ISS 1 G cultures. Gene ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes mapping identified the upregulation of biological processes, molecular function, cellular components, and pathways associated with cell cycle, cardiac differentiation, and cardiac function. Taking together, these results suggest that space microgravity has a beneficial effect on the differentiation and growth of cardiac progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Antonio Rampoldi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parvin Forghani
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin Maher
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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6
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Ratushnyy AY, Buravkova LB. Microgravity Effects and Aging Physiology: Similar Changes or Common Mechanisms? BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1763-1777. [PMID: 38105197 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the use of countermeasures (including intense physical activity), cosmonauts and astronauts develop muscle atony and atrophy, cardiovascular system failure, osteopenia, etc. All these changes, reminiscent of age-related physiological changes, occur in a healthy person in microgravity quite quickly - within a few months. Adaptation to the lost of gravity leads to the symptoms of aging, which are compensated after returning to Earth. The prospect of interplanetary flights raises the question of gravity thresholds, below which the main physiological systems will decrease their functional potential, similar to aging, and affect life expectancy. An important role in the aging process belongs to the body's cellular reserve - progenitor cells, which are involved in physiological remodeling and regenerative/reparative processes of all physiological systems. With age, progenitor cell count and their regenerative potential decreases. Moreover, their paracrine profile becomes pro-inflammatory during replicative senescence, disrupting tissue homeostasis. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are mechanosensitive, and therefore deprivation of gravitational stimulus causes serious changes in their functional status. The review compares the cellular effects of microgravity and changes developing in senescent cells, including stromal precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu Ratushnyy
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123007, Russia.
| | - Ludmila B Buravkova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123007, Russia
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7
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Alsobaie S, Alsobaie T, Alshammary AF, Abudawood M, Mantalaris A. Alginate Beads as a Promising Tool for Successful Production of Viable and Pluripotent Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in a 3D Culture System. Stem Cells Cloning 2023; 16:61-73. [PMID: 37790697 PMCID: PMC10544263 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s409139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Two-dimensional (2D)-based cell culture systems, limited by their inherent heterogeneity and scalability, are a bottleneck in the production of high-quality cells for downstream biomedical applications. Finding the optimal conditions for large-scale stem cell culture while maintaining good cellular status is challenging. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of three-dimensional (3D) culture on the viability, proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs). Patients and Methods Various culture conditions were evaluated to determine the optimal conditions to maintain the viability and proliferation of human IPSCs in a 3D environment: static versus dynamic culture, type of adhesion protein added to alginate (Matrigel™ versus gelatin), and the addition of Y-27632t on long-term 3D culture. The proliferation ability of the cells was evaluated via the MTS proliferation assay; the expression levels of the pluripotency markers Nanog and Oct3/4, PAX6 as an ectoderm marker, and laminin-5 and fibronectin as markers of extracellular matrix synthesis were assessed; and HIF1α and HIF2α levels were measured using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results Using a high-aspect-ratio vessel bioreactor with a gentle, low-sheer, and low-turbulence environment with sufficient oxygenation and effective mass transfer of nutrients and waste, we verified its ability to promote cell proliferation and self-renewal. The findings showed that human IPSCs have the ability to maintain pluripotency in a feeder-free system and by inhibiting ROCK signaling and using hypoxia to improve single-cell viability in 3D culture. Furthermore, these cells demonstrated increased self-renewal and proliferation when inoculated as single cells in 3D alginate beads by adding RI during the culture period. Conclusion Dynamic 3D culture is desirable for the large-scale expansion of undifferentiated human IPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alsobaie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamador Alsobaie
- Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amal F Alshammary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Abudawood
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Ren Z, Harriot AD, Mair DB, Chung MK, Lee PHU, Kim DH. Biomanufacturing of 3D Tissue Constructs in Microgravity and their Applications in Human Pathophysiological Studies. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300157. [PMID: 37483106 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in bioengineering in-vivo-like 3D functional tissues has led to novel approaches to the biomanufacturing process as well as expanded applications for these unique tissue constructs. Microgravity, as seen in spaceflight, is a unique environment that may be beneficial to the tissue-engineering process but cannot be completely replicated on Earth. Additionally, the expense and practical challenges of conducting human and animal research in space make bioengineered microphysiological systems an attractive research model. In this review, published research that exploits real and simulated microgravity to improve the biomanufacturing of a wide range of tissue types as well as those studies that use microphysiological systems, such as organ/tissue chips and multicellular organoids, for modeling human diseases in space are summarized. This review discusses real and simulated microgravity platforms and applications in tissue-engineered microphysiological systems across three topics: 1) application of microgravity to improve the biomanufacturing of tissue constructs, 2) use of tissue constructs fabricated in microgravity as models for human diseases on Earth, and 3) investigating the effects of microgravity on human tissues using biofabricated in vitro models. These current achievements represent important progress in understanding the physiological effects of microgravity and exploiting their advantages for tissue biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanping Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Anicca D Harriot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Devin B Mair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Peter H U Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southcoast Health, Fall River, MA, 02720, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for Microphysiological Systems, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, USA
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Cui Y, Liu W, Zhao S, Zhao Y, Dai J. Advances in Microgravity Directed Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202768. [PMID: 36893386 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to generate functional biological substitutes to repair, sustain, improve, or replace tissue function affected by disease. With the rapid development of space science, the application of simulated microgravity has become an active topic in the field of tissue engineering. There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that microgravity offers excellent advantages for tissue engineering by modulating cellular morphology, metabolism, secretion, proliferation, and stem cell differentiation. To date, there have been many achievements in constructing bioartificial spheroids, organoids, or tissue analogs with or without scaffolds in vitro under simulated microgravity conditions. Herein, the current status, recent advances, challenges, and prospects of microgravity related to tissue engineering are reviewed. Current simulated-microgravity devices and cutting-edge advances of microgravity for biomaterials-dependent or biomaterials-independent tissue engineering to offer a reference for guiding further exploration of simulated microgravity strategies to produce engineered tissues are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Shuaijing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
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10
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Alsobaie S, Alsobaie T, Alshammary A, Mantalaris S. Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into functional lung alveolar epithelial cells in 3D dynamic culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1173149. [PMID: 37388774 PMCID: PMC10303808 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1173149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Understanding lung epithelium cell development from human induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) in vitro can lead to an individualized model for lung engineering, therapy, and drug testing. Method: We developed a protocol to produce lung mature type I pneumocytes using encapsulation of human IPSCs in 1.1% (w/v) alginate solution within a rotating wall bioreactor system in only 20 days without using feeder cells. The aim was to reduce exposure to animal products and laborious interventions in the future. Results: The three-dimensional (3D) bioprocess allowed cell derivation into endoderm, and subsequently into type II alveolar epithelial cells within a very short period. Cells successfully expressed surfactant proteins C and B associated with type II alveolar epithelial cells, and the key structure of lamellar bodies and microvilli was shown by transmission electron microscopy. The survival rate was the highest under dynamic conditions, which reveal the possibility of adapting this integration for large-scale cell production of alveolar epithelial cells from human IPSCs. Discussion: We were able to develop a strategy for the culture and differentiation of human IPSCs into alveolar type II cells using an in vitro system that mimics the in vivo environment. Hydrogel beads would offer a suitable matrix for 3D cultures and that the high-aspect-ratio vessel bioreactor can be used to increase the differentiation of human IPSCs relative to the results obtained with traditional monolayer cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alsobaie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamador Alsobaie
- Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amal Alshammary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sakis Mantalaris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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11
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Teranishi M, Kurose T, Nakagawa K, Kawahara Y, Yuge L. Hypergravity enhances RBM4 expression in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and accelerates their differentiation into neurons. Regen Ther 2023; 22:109-114. [PMID: 36712961 PMCID: PMC9851867 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The regulation of stem cell differentiation is important in determining the quality of transplanted cells in regenerative medicine. Physical stimuli are involved in regulating stem cell differentiation, and in particular, research on the regulation of differentiation using gravity is an attractive choice. We have shown that microgravity is useful for maintaining undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the effects of hypergravity on the differentiation of MSCs, especially on neural differentiation related to neural regeneration, have not been elucidated. Methods We induced neural differentiation of human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hbMSCs) for 10 days under normal gravity (1G) or hypergravity (3G) conditions using a gravity controller, Gravite®. HbMSCs were collected, and cell number and viability were measured 3 and 10 days after induction. RNA was also extracted from the collected hbMSCs, and the expression of neuron-associated genes and regulator markers of neural differentiation was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, we evaluated the NF-M-positive cell rate 10 days after induction using immunofluorescent staining. Results Neural gene expression and the NF-M-positive cell rate were increased in hbMSCs under the 3G condition 10 days after induction. mRNA expression of RNA binding motif protein 4 (RBM4) and pyruvate kinase M 1 (PKM1) in the 3G condition was also higher than that in the 1G group. Conclusions Hypergravity can enhance RBM4 and PKM1, promoting the neural differentiation of hbMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Teranishi
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kurose
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kei Nakagawa
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Louis Yuge
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Space Bio-Laboratories Co. Ltd. Hiroshima, Japan,Corresponding author. Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate school of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan. Fax: +81 82 257 5344.
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12
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Biomimetic nanofiber-enabled rapid creation of skin grafts. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818627-5.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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13
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Rampoldi A, Forghani P, Li D, Hwang H, Armand LC, Fite J, Boland G, Maxwell J, Maher K, Xu C. Space microgravity improves proliferation of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2272-2285. [PMID: 36084640 PMCID: PMC9561632 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In microgravity, cells undergo profound changes in their properties. However, how human cardiac progenitors respond to space microgravity is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of space microgravity on differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac progenitors compared with 1G cultures on the International Space Station (ISS). Cryopreserved 3D cardiac progenitors were cultured for 3 weeks on the ISS. Compared with 1G cultures, the microgravity cultures had 3-fold larger sphere sizes, 20-fold higher counts of nuclei, and increased expression of proliferation markers. Highly enriched cardiomyocytes generated in space microgravity showed improved Ca2+ handling and increased expression of contraction-associated genes. Short-term exposure (3 days) of cardiac progenitors to space microgravity upregulated genes involved in cell proliferation, survival, cardiac differentiation, and contraction, consistent with improved microgravity cultures at the late stage. These results indicate that space microgravity increased proliferation of hiPSC-cardiomyocytes, which had appropriate structure and function. Cryopreserved 3D hiPSC-cardiac progenitors differentiated efficiently in space Microgravity cultures had increased sphere sizes and cellular proliferation Beating cardiomyocytes in microgravity cultures had improved Ca2+ handling Microgravity cultures had upregulated genes in cardiac contraction
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rampoldi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parvin Forghani
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hyun Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lawrence Christian Armand
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Maher
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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14
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Fujisawa K, Nishimura Y, Sakuragi A, Duponselle J, Matsumoto T, Yamamoto N, Murata T, Sakaida I, Takami T. Evaluation of the Effects of Microgravity on Activated Primary Human Hepatic Stellate Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137429. [PMID: 35806434 PMCID: PMC9266956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research has been conducted to develop new medical treatments by simulating environments existing in space, such as zero-gravity. In this study, we evaluated the cell proliferation and gene expression of activated primary human hepatic stellate cells (HHSteCs) under simulated microgravity (SMG). Under SMG, cell proliferation was slower than in 1 G, and the evaluation of gene expression changes on day 1 of SMG by serial analysis of gene expression revealed the presence of Sirtuin, EIF2 signaling, hippo signaling, and epithelial adherence junction signaling. Moreover, reactive oxygen species were upregulated under SMG, and when N-acetyl-cystein was added, no difference in proliferation between SMG and 1 G was observed, suggesting that the oxidative stress generated by mitochondrial dysfunction caused a decrease in proliferation. Upstream regulators such as smad3, NFkB, and FN were activated, and cell-permeable inhibitors such as Ly294002 and U0126 were inhibited. Immunohistochemistry performed to evaluate cytoskeletal changes showed that more β-actin was localized in the cortical layer under SMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Fujisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.N.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (I.S.)
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yuto Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.N.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Akino Sakuragi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.N.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Jolien Duponselle
- Departement of Dermatology, University Hospital of Ghent, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.N.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Health Administration Center, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube 755-0046, Yamaguchi, Japan;
| | - Tomoaki Murata
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Science Research Center, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan;
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.N.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.N.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-836-22-2887
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15
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Nakaji-Hirabayashi T, Matsumura K, Ishihara R, Ishiguro T, Nasu H, Kanno M, Ichida S, Hatashima T. Enhanced proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in the gravity-controlled environment. Artif Organs 2022; 46:1760-1770. [PMID: 35403254 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) present a promising cell source with a potential to be used for curing various intractable diseases. And it is expected that the development of regenerative medicine employing cell-based therapy would be significantly accelerated when such methods are established. For that, powerful methods for selective growth and differentiation of hMSCs should be developed. METHODS We developed an efficient method for hMSC proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes using gravity-controlled environments. RESULTS The results indicate that the average doubling time of hMSCs cultured in a regular maintenance medium under microgravity conditions (0.001 G) was 1.5 times shorter than that of cells cultured under natural gravity conditions (1.0 G). Furthermore, 99.2% of cells grown in the microgravity environment showed the expression of hMSC markers, as indicated by flow cytometry analysis. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs expanded in the microgravity environment was enhanced under microgravity and hypergravity conditions, respectively, as evidenced by the downregulation of hMSC markers and upregulation of osteoblast and adipocyte markers, respectively. Most cells differentiated into osteoblasts in the microgravity environment after 14 days (~80%) and to adipocytes in the hypergravity environment after 12 days (~90%). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that hMSC proliferation and selective differentiation into specific cell lineages could be promoted under microgravity or hypergravity conditions, suggesting that cell culture in the gravity-controlled environment is a useful method to obtain cell preparations for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Nakaji-Hirabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Advanced Nano- and Bio-sciences, Graduate School of Innovative Life Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Frontier Research Core for Life Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Reiichi Ishihara
- New Business Project, Development Division, Kitagawa Iron Works Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishiguro
- New Business Project, Development Division, Kitagawa Iron Works Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nasu
- New Business Project, Development Division, Kitagawa Iron Works Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Kanno
- New Business Project, Development Division, Kitagawa Iron Works Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shunji Ichida
- New Business Project, Development Division, Kitagawa Iron Works Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Hatashima
- New Business Project, Development Division, Kitagawa Iron Works Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
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16
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Man J, Graham T, Squires-Donelly G, Laslett AL. The effects of microgravity on bone structure and function. NPJ Microgravity 2022; 8:9. [PMID: 35383182 PMCID: PMC8983659 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are spending an increasing amount of time in space, where exposure to conditions of microgravity causes 1-2% bone loss per month in astronauts. Through data collected from astronauts, as well as animal and cellular experiments conducted in space, it is evident that microgravity induces skeletal deconditioning in weight-bearing bones. This review identifies contentions in current literature describing the effect of microgravity on non-weight-bearing bones, different bone compartments, as well as the skeletal recovery process in human and animal spaceflight data. Experiments in space are not readily available, and experimental designs are often limited due to logistical and technical reasons. This review introduces a plethora of on-ground research that elucidate the intricate process of bone loss, utilising technology that simulates microgravity. Observations from these studies are largely congruent to data obtained from spaceflight experiments, while offering more insights behind the molecular mechanisms leading to microgravity-induced bone loss. These insights are discussed herein, as well as how that knowledge has contributed to studies of current therapeutic agents. This review also points out discrepancies in existing data, highlighting knowledge gaps in our current understanding. Further dissection of the exact mechanisms of microgravity-induced bone loss will enable the development of more effective preventative and therapeutic measures to protect against bone loss, both in space and possibly on ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Man
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- Space Technology Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
| | - Taylor Graham
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Georgina Squires-Donelly
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew L Laslett
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- Space Technology Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
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17
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Sharma A, Clemens RA, Garcia O, Taylor DL, Wagner NL, Shepard KA, Gupta A, Malany S, Grodzinsky AJ, Kearns-Jonker M, Mair DB, Kim DH, Roberts MS, Loring JF, Hu J, Warren LE, Eenmaa S, Bozada J, Paljug E, Roth M, Taylor DP, Rodrigue G, Cantini P, Smith AW, Giulianotti MA, Wagner WR. Biomanufacturing in low Earth orbit for regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 17:1-13. [PMID: 34971562 PMCID: PMC8758939 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in low Earth orbit (LEO) has become more accessible. The 2020 Biomanufacturing in Space Symposium reviewed space-based regenerative medicine research and discussed leveraging LEO to advance biomanufacturing for regenerative medicine applications. The symposium identified areas where financial investments could stimulate advancements overcoming technical barriers. Opportunities in disease modeling, stem-cell-derived products, and biofabrication were highlighted. The symposium will initiate a roadmap to a sustainable market for regenerative medicine biomanufacturing in space. This perspective summarizes the 2020 Biomanufacturing in Space Symposium, highlights key biomanufacturing opportunities in LEO, and lays the framework for a roadmap to regenerative medicine biomanufacturing in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | - Orquidea Garcia
- Johnson & Johnson 3D Printing Innovation & Customer Solutions, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute and Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Kelly A Shepard
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Siobhan Malany
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alan J Grodzinsky
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mary Kearns-Jonker
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Devin B Mair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Center for the Advancement of Science in Space, Inc, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | | | - Jianying Hu
- Center for Computational Health IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lara E Warren
- Center for the Advancement of Science in Space, Inc, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Sven Eenmaa
- Center for the Advancement of Science in Space, Inc, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Joe Bozada
- Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric Paljug
- Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Gary Rodrigue
- Center for the Advancement of Science in Space, Inc, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Patrick Cantini
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amelia W Smith
- Center for the Advancement of Science in Space, Inc, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Marc A Giulianotti
- Center for the Advancement of Science in Space, Inc, Melbourne, FL, USA.
| | - William R Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Surgery, Bioengineering, Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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18
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Nishimura Y, Wang PC. Possibility of culturing the early developing kidney cells by utilizing simulated microgravity environment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 573:9-12. [PMID: 34375766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the successful construction of tissues derived from established iPSCs has been disclosed, but it has been reported that the constructed tissues encounter problems of internal necrosis when their size increases. To solve this problem, a simulated microgravity device is used. However, the culture of early developing kidney cells using this device has not yet been reported. This study investigated whether developing kidney cells cultured in a simulated microgravity environment can differentiate into glomerular cells and renal epithelial cells. The results showed that both mouse developing kidney cells cultured in simulated microgravity and static environment formed kidney spheroids. In static culture, ureteric bud and glomerular structures were not found. While ureteric buds, podocytes, PECAM-1 positive cell aggregates, and primordial vascular plexus were formed in the kidney spheroids in simulated microgravity culture. Moreover, the expression level of the PECAM-1 gene was significant in simulated microgravity culture as compared to that of static culture. These results indicate that simulated microgravity is effective for the differentiation of developing kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nishimura
- Course of Clinical Engineering, Kitasato Junior College of Health Hygienic Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Pi-Chao Wang
- Division of Bioindustrial Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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19
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Swaminathan V, Bechtel G, Tchantchaleishvili V. Artificial tissue creation under microgravity conditions: Considerations and future applications. Artif Organs 2021; 45:1446-1455. [PMID: 34223657 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional tissue engineering methods often fail to promote robust cell growth and differentiation, limiting the development of functioning tissues. However, the microgravity conditions created by rotating wall vessel bioreactors minimize shear stress and unload the gravitational force usually placed on cells. In a microgravity environment, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and the 3D organization of cells are altered, potentially encouraging the formation of more biosimilar artificial tissues for certain cell types. Additionally, cells in these engineered tissues display lowered immunogenicity, pointing to the transplantation potential of tissues engineered in microgravity conditions. However, these benefits are not consistent across all cell types, and the long-term impact of microgravity on tissue development and stability remains an unanswered question. Even so, there is potential that with further research, microgravity tissue engineering will have productive clinical applications for medical and pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Swaminathan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Han Y, Zeger L, Tripathi R, Egli M, Ille F, Lockowandt C, Florin G, Atic E, Redwan IN, Fredriksson R, Kozlova EN. Molecular genetic analysis of neural stem cells after space flight and simulated microgravity on earth. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3832-3846. [PMID: 34125436 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how stem cells adapt to space flight conditions is fundamental for human space missions and extraterrestrial settlement. We analyzed gene expression in boundary cap neural crest stem cells (BCs), which are attractive for regenerative medicine by their ability to promote proliferation and survival of cocultured and co-implanted cells. BCs were launched to space (space exposed cells) (SEC), onboard sounding rocket MASER 14 as free-floating neurospheres or in a bioprinted scaffold. For comparison, BCs were placed in a random positioning machine (RPM) to simulate microgravity on earth (RPM cells) or were cultured under control conditions in the laboratory. Using next-generation RNA sequencing and data post-processing, we discovered that SEC upregulated genes related to proliferation and survival, whereas RPM cells upregulated genes associated with differentiation and inflammation. Thus, (i) space flight provides unique conditions with distinctly different effects on the properties of BC compared to earth controls, and (ii) the space flight exposure induces postflight properties that reinforce the utility of BC for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Regenerative Neurobiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lukas Zeger
- Department of Neuroscience, Regenerative Neurobiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rekha Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Molecular Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcel Egli
- Luzerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Institute of Medical Engineering (IMT), Luzerne, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Ille
- Luzerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Institute of Medical Engineering (IMT), Luzerne, Switzerland
| | | | - Gunnar Florin
- Swedish Space Corporation, Science Service Division, Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | - Robert Fredriksson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Molecular Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena N Kozlova
- Department of Neuroscience, Regenerative Neurobiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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A Protective Strategy to Counteract the Oxidative Stress Induced by Simulated Microgravity on H9C2 Cardiomyocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9951113. [PMID: 33986919 PMCID: PMC8079188 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9951113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microgravity affects human cardiovascular function inducing heart rhythm disturbances and even cardiac atrophy. The mechanisms triggered by microgravity and the search for protection strategies are difficult to be investigated in vivo. This study is aimed at investigating the effects induced by simulated microgravity on a cardiomyocyte-like phenotype. The Random Positioning Machine (RPM), set in a CO2 incubator, was used to simulate microgravity, and H9C2 cell line was used as the cardiomyocyte-like model. H9C2 cells were exposed to simulated microgravity up to 96 h, showing a slower cell proliferation rate and lower metabolic activity in comparison to cell grown at earth gravity. In exposed cells, these effects were accompanied by increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytosolic Ca2+, and mitochondrial superoxide anion. Protein carbonyls, markers of protein oxidation, were significantly increased after the first 48 h of exposition in the RPM. In these conditions, the presence of an antioxidant, the N-acetylcysteine (NAC), counteracted the effects induced by the simulated microgravity. In conclusion, these data suggest that simulated microgravity triggers a concomitant increase of intracellular ROS and Ca2+ levels and affects cell metabolic activity which in turn could be responsible for the slower proliferative rate. Nevertheless, the very low number of detectable dead cells and, more interestingly, the protective effect of NA, demonstrate that simulated microgravity does not have “an irreversible toxic effect” but, affecting the oxidative balance, results in a transient slowdown of proliferation.
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22
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Zamarioli A, Campbell ZR, Maupin KA, Childress PJ, Ximenez JPB, Adam G, Chakraborty N, Gautam A, Hammamieh R, Kacena MA. Analysis of the effects of spaceflight and local administration of thrombopoietin to a femoral defect injury on distal skeletal sites. NPJ Microgravity 2021; 7:12. [PMID: 33772025 PMCID: PMC7997973 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-021-00140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With increased human presence in space, bone loss and fractures will occur. Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a recently patented bone healing agent. Here, we investigated the systemic effects of TPO on mice subjected to spaceflight and sustaining a bone fracture. Forty, 9-week-old, male, C57BL/6 J were divided into 4 groups: (1) Saline+Earth; (2) TPO + Earth; (3) Saline+Flight; and (4) TPO + Flight (n = 10/group). Saline- and TPO-treated mice underwent a femoral defect surgery, and 20 mice were housed in space ("Flight") and 20 mice on Earth for approximately 4 weeks. With the exception of the calvarium and incisor, positive changes were observed in TPO-treated, spaceflight bones, suggesting TPO may improve osteogenesis in the absence of mechanical loading. Thus, TPO, may serve as a new bone healing agent, and may also improve some skeletal properties of astronauts, which might be extrapolated for patients on Earth with restraint mobilization and/or are incapable of bearing weight on their bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Zamarioli
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,Department of Orthopaedics and Anaesthesiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Zachery R. Campbell
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Kevin A. Maupin
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Paul J. Childress
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Joao P. B. Ximenez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Medical School, Ribeirão Pre, SP Brazil
| | - Gremah Adam
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Nabarun Chakraborty
- grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD USA ,grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166Geneva Foundation, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Aarti Gautam
- grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.280828.80000 0000 9681 3540Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN USA
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Selective Proliferation of Highly Functional Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Microgravity Culture with Stirred Microspheres. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030560. [PMID: 33806638 PMCID: PMC7998608 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic effects of adult stem-cell transplantations are limited by poor cell-retention in target organs, and a reduced potential for optimal cell differentiation compared to embryonic stem cells. However, contemporary studies have indicated heterogeneity within adult stem-cell pools, and a novel culturing technique may address these limitations by selecting those for cell proliferation which are highly functional. Here, we report the preservation of stemness in human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) by using microgravity conditions combined with microspheres in a stirred suspension. The cells were bound to microspheres (100-300 μm) and cultured using a wave-stirring shaker. One-week cultures using polystyrene and collagen microspheres increased the proportions of SSEA-3(+) hASCs 4.4- and 4.3-fold (2.7- and 2.9-fold increases in their numbers), respectively, compared to normal culture conditions. These cultured hASCs expressed higher levels of pluripotent markers (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, MYC, and KLF), and had improved abilities for proliferation, colony formation, network formation, and multiple-mesenchymal differentiation. We believe that this novel culturing method may further enhance regenerative therapies using hASCs.
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24
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Shimoto T, Teshima C, Watanabe T, Zhang XY, Ishikawa A, Higaki H, Nakayama A. Study on Pipetting Motion Optimization of Automatic Spheroid Culture System for Spheroid Formation. JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS AND MECHATRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.20965/jrm.2021.p0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This research group has established a technology for producing a three-dimensional cell constructed using only the cell itself. This technology uses a property in which the spheroids fuse with each other. We developed a system that automates the spheroid production process to obtain reproducible spheroids and suppress variation factors that occur from human operation. However, it has become clear that the dispersion occurs in the diameter depending on the number of cells of the spheroid even if the cells are handled in the same manner. The purpose of this research is to examine an appropriate pipetting motion in accordance with the number of cells of the spheroid to be produced. Rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) are used as the objects. The number of cells was set to 2×104, 3×104, and 4×104 cells/well, and the passage number as 7. The appearance of spheroids cultured using the motion programmed in accordance with each number of cells was observed every 24 hours for 5 days after seeding. The results of the analysis indicate that the optimum motion in each number of cells has been successfully specified, and reproducible spheroids have been successfully produced.
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25
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Willey JS, Britten RA, Blaber E, Tahimic CG, Chancellor J, Mortreux M, Sanford LD, Kubik AJ, Delp MD, Mao XW. The individual and combined effects of spaceflight radiation and microgravity on biologic systems and functional outcomes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2021; 39:129-179. [PMID: 33902391 PMCID: PMC8274610 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2021.1885283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Both microgravity and radiation exposure in the spaceflight environment have been identified as hazards to astronaut health and performance. Substantial study has been focused on understanding the biology and risks associated with prolonged exposure to microgravity, and the hazards presented by radiation from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events (SPEs) outside of low earth orbit (LEO). To date, the majority of the ground-based analogues (e.g., rodent or cell culture studies) that investigate the biology of and risks associated with spaceflight hazards will focus on an individual hazard in isolation. However, astronauts will face these challenges simultaneously Combined hazard studies are necessary for understanding the risks astronauts face as they travel outside of LEO, and are also critical for countermeasure development. The focus of this review is to describe biologic and functional outcomes from ground-based analogue models for microgravity and radiation, specifically highlighting the combined effects of radiation and reduced weight-bearing from rodent ground-based tail suspension via hind limb unloading (HLU) and partial weight-bearing (PWB) models, although in vitro and spaceflight results are discussed as appropriate. The review focuses on the skeletal, ocular, central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular, and stem cells responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Blaber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
| | | | | | - Marie Mortreux
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Larry D. Sanford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Angela J. Kubik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
| | - Michael D. Delp
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University
| | - Xiao Wen Mao
- Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University
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26
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Tissue Engineering of Cartilage Using a Random Positioning Machine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249596. [PMID: 33339388 PMCID: PMC7765923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a skeletal tissue of avascular nature and limited self-repair capacity. Cartilage-degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA), are difficult to treat and often necessitate joint replacement surgery. Cartilage is a tough but flexible material and relatively easy to damage. It is, therefore, of high interest to develop methods allowing chondrocytes to recolonize, to rebuild the cartilage and to restore joint functionality. Here we studied the in vitro production of cartilage-like tissue using human articular chondrocytes exposed to the Random Positioning Machine (RPM), a device to simulate certain aspects of microgravity on Earth. To screen early adoption reactions of chondrocytes exposed to the RPM, we performed quantitative real-time PCR analyses after 24 h on chondrocytes cultured in DMEM/F-12. A significant up-regulation in the gene expression of IL6, RUNX2, RUNX3, SPP1, SOX6, SOX9, and MMP13 was detected, while the levels of IL8, ACAN, PRG4, ITGB1, TGFB1, COL1A1, COL2A1, COL10A1, SOD3, SOX5, MMP1, and MMP2 mRNAs remained unchanged. The STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins) analysis demonstrated among others the importance of these differentially regulated genes for cartilage formation. Chondrocytes grown in DMEM/F-12 medium produced three-dimensional (3D) spheroids after five days without the addition of scaffolds. On day 28, the produced tissue constructs reached up to 2 mm in diameter. Using specific chondrocyte growth medium, similar results were achieved within 14 days. Spheroids from both types of culture media showed the typical cartilage morphology with aggrecan positivity. Intermediate filaments form clusters under RPM conditions as detected by vimentin staining after 7 d and 14 d. Larger meshes appear in the network in 28-day samples. Furthermore, they were able to form a confluent chondrocyte monolayer after being transferred back into cell culture flasks in 1 g conditions showing their suitability for transplantation into joints. Our results demonstrate that the cultivation medium has a direct influence on the velocity of tissue formation and tissue composition. The spheroids show properties that make them interesting candidates for cellular cartilage regeneration approaches in trauma and OA therapy.
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27
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Elkhenany H, Elkodous MA, Newby SD, El-Derby AM, Dhar M, El-Badri N. Tissue Engineering Modalities and Nanotechnology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55359-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Scalable Microgravity Simulator Used for Long-Term Musculoskeletal Cells and Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238908. [PMID: 33255352 PMCID: PMC7727824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce a new benchtop microgravity simulator (MGS) that is scalable and easy to use. Its working principle is similar to that of random positioning machines (RPM), commonly used in research laboratories and regarded as one of the gold standards for simulating microgravity. The improvement of the MGS concerns mainly the algorithms controlling the movements of the samples and the design that, for the first time, guarantees equal treatment of all the culture flasks undergoing simulated microgravity. Qualification and validation tests of the new device were conducted with human bone marrow stem cells (bMSC) and mouse skeletal muscle myoblasts (C2C12). bMSC were cultured for 4 days on the MGS and the RPM in parallel. In the presence of osteogenic medium, an overexpression of osteogenic markers was detected in the samples from both devices. Similarly, C2C12 cells were maintained for 4 days on the MGS and the rotating wall vessel (RWV) device, another widely used microgravity simulator. Significant downregulation of myogenesis markers was observed in gravitationally unloaded cells. Therefore, similar results can be obtained regardless of the used simulated microgravity devices, namely MGS, RPM, or RWV. The newly developed MGS device thus offers easy and reliable long-term cell culture possibilities under simulated microgravity conditions. Currently, upgrades are in progress to allow real-time monitoring of the culture media and liquids exchange while running. This is of particular interest for long-term cultivation, needed for tissue engineering applications. Tissue grown under real or simulated microgravity has specific features, such as growth in three-dimensions (3D). Growth in weightlessness conditions fosters mechanical, structural, and chemical interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix in any direction.
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29
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Khan AU, Qu R, Fan T, Ouyang J, Dai J. A glance on the role of actin in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:283. [PMID: 32678016 PMCID: PMC7364498 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages including osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. An increasing number of studies have indicated that lineage commitment by MSCs is influenced by actin remodeling. Moreover, actin has roles in determining cell shape, nuclear shape, cell spreading, and cell stiffness, which eventually affect cell differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation is promoted in MSCs that exhibit a large spreading area, increased matrix stiffness, higher levels of actin polymerization, and higher density of stress fibers, whereas adipogenic differentiation is prevalent in MSCs with disrupted actin networks. In addition, the mechanical properties of F-actin empower cells to sense and transduce mechanical stimuli, which are also reported to influence differentiation. Various biomaterials, mechanical, and chemical interventions along with pathogen-induced actin alteration in the form of polymerization and depolymerization in MSC differentiation were studied recently. This review will cover the role of actin and its modifications through the use of different methods in inducing osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongmei Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Exploration of space to achieve scientific breakthroughs. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107572. [PMID: 32540473 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms adapt to changing environments using their amazing flexibility to remodel themselves by a process called evolution. Environmental stress causes selective pressure and is associated with genetic and phenotypic shifts for better modifications, maintenance, and functioning of organismal systems. The natural evolution process can be used in complement to rational strain engineering for the development of desired traits or phenotypes as well as for the production of novel biomaterials through the imposition of one or more selective pressures. Space provides a unique environment of stressors (e.g., weightlessness and high radiation) that organisms have never experienced on Earth. Cells in the outer space reorganize and develop or activate a range of molecular responses that lead to changes in cellular properties. Exposure of cells to the outer space will lead to the development of novel variants more efficiently than on Earth. For instance, natural crop varieties can be generated with higher nutrition value, yield, and improved features, such as resistance against high and low temperatures, salt stress, and microbial and pest attacks. The review summarizes the literature on the parameters of outer space that affect the growth and behavior of cells and organisms as well as complex colloidal systems. We illustrate an understanding of gravity-related basic biological mechanisms and enlighten the possibility to explore the outer space environment for application-oriented aspects. This will stimulate biological research in the pursuit of innovative approaches for the future of agriculture and health on Earth.
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31
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Abstract
The impact of spaceflight on the immune system has been investigated extensively during spaceflight missions and in model experiments conducted on Earth. Data suggest that the spaceflight environment may affect the development of acquired immunity, and immune responses. Herein we summarize and discuss the influence of the spaceflight environment on acquired immunity. Bone marrow and the thymus, two major primary lymphoid organs, are evidently affected by gravitational change during spaceflight. Changes in the microenvironments of these organs impair lymphopoiesis, and thereby may indirectly impinge on acquired immunity. Acquired immune responses may also be disturbed by gravitational fluctuation, stressors, and space radiation both directly and in a stress hormone-dependent manner. These changes may affect acquired immune responses to pathogens, allergens, and tumors.
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32
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Grimm D, Wehland M, Corydon TJ, Richter P, Prasad B, Bauer J, Egli M, Kopp S, Lebert M, Krüger M. The effects of microgravity on differentiation and cell growth in stem cells and cancer stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:882-894. [PMID: 32352658 PMCID: PMC7381804 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A spaceflight has enormous influence on the health of space voyagers due to the combined effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation. Known effects of microgravity (μg) on cells are changes in differentiation and growth. Considering the commercialization of spaceflight, future space exploration, and long-term manned flights, research focusing on differentiation and growth of stem cells and cancer cells exposed to real (r-) and simulated (s-) μg is of high interest for regenerative medicine and cancer research. In this review, we focus on platforms to study r- and s-μg as well as the impact of μg on cancer stem cells in the field of gastrointestinal cancer, lung cancer, and osteosarcoma. Moreover, we review the current knowledge of different types of stem cells exposed to μg conditions with regard to differentiation and engineering of cartilage, bone, vasculature, heart, skin, and liver constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Richter
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Binod Prasad
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johann Bauer
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Marcel Egli
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Space Biology Group, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hergiswil, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lebert
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Space Biology Unlimited SAS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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33
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Stem Cell Culture Under Simulated Microgravity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1298:105-132. [PMID: 32424490 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Challenging environment of space causes several pivotal alterations in living systems, especially due to microgravity. The possibility of simulating microgravity by ground-based systems provides research opportunities that may lead to the understanding of in vitro biological effects of microgravity by eliminating the challenges inherent to spaceflight experiments. Stem cells are one of the most prominent cell types, due to their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. Research on stem cells under simulated microgravity has generated many important findings, enlightening the impact of microgravity on molecular and cellular processes of stem cells with varying potencies. Simulation techniques including clinostat, random positioning machine, rotating wall vessel and magnetic levitation-based systems have improved our knowledge on the effects of microgravity on morphology, migration, proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Clarification of the mechanisms underlying such changes offers exciting potential for various applications such as identification of putative therapeutic targets to modulate stem cell function and stem cell based regenerative medicine.
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34
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Kurose T, Takahashi S, Otsuka T, Nakagawa K, Imura T, Sueda T, Yuge L. Simulated microgravity-cultured mesenchymal stem cells improve recovery following spinal cord ischemia in rats. Stem Cell Res 2019; 41:101601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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35
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Amselem S. Remote Controlled Autonomous Microgravity Lab Platforms for Drug Research in Space. Pharm Res 2019; 36:183. [PMID: 31741058 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Research conducted in microgravity conditions has the potential to yield new therapeutics, as advances can be achieved in the absence of phenomena such as sedimentation, hydrostatic pressure and thermally-induced convection. The outcomes of such studies can significantly contribute to many scientific and technological fields, including drug discovery. This article reviews the existing traditional microgravity platforms as well as emerging ideas for enabling microgravity research focusing on SpacePharma's innovative autonomous remote-controlled microgravity labs that can be launched to space aboard nanosatellites to perform drug research in orbit. The scientific literature is reviewed and examples of life science fields that have benefited from studies in microgravity conditions are given. These include the use of microgravity environment for chemical applications (protein crystallization, drug polymorphism, self-assembly of biomolecules), pharmaceutical studies (microencapsulation, drug delivery systems, behavior and stability of colloidal formulations, antibiotic drug resistance), and biological research, including accelerated models for aging, investigation of bacterial virulence , tissue engineering using organ-on-chips in space, enhanced stem cells proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Amselem
- SpacePharma R&D Israel LTD, 1st Aba Even Av, 4672519, Herzliya Pituach, Israel. .,SpacePharma SA, Rue l'Armeratte 3, 2950, Courgenay, Switzerland.
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36
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Expression Profile of Cell Cycle-Related Genes in Human Fibroblasts Exposed Simultaneously to Radiation and Simulated Microgravity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194791. [PMID: 31561588 PMCID: PMC6801845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple unique environmental factors such as space radiation and microgravity (μG) pose a serious threat to human gene stability during space travel. Recently, we reported that simultaneous exposure of human fibroblasts to simulated μG and radiation results in more chromosomal aberrations than in cells exposed to radiation alone. However, the mechanisms behind this remain unknown. The purpose of this study was thus to obtain comprehensive data on gene expression using a three-dimensional clinostat synchronized to a carbon (C)-ion or X-ray irradiation system. Human fibroblasts (1BR-hTERT) were maintained under standing or rotating conditions for 3 or 24 h after synchronized C-ion or X-ray irradiation at 1 Gy as part of a total culture time of 2 days. Among 57,773 genes analyzed with RNA sequencing, we focused particularly on the expression of 82 cell cycle-related genes after exposure to the radiation and simulated μG. The expression of cell cycle-suppressing genes (ABL1 and CDKN1A) decreased and that of cell cycle-promoting genes (CCNB1, CCND1, KPNA2, MCM4, MKI67, and STMN1) increased after C-ion irradiation under μG. The cell may pass through the G1/S and G2 checkpoints with DNA damage due to the combined effects of C-ions and μG, suggesting that increased genomic instability might occur in space.
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37
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Camberos V, Baio J, Bailey L, Hasaniya N, Lopez LV, Kearns-Jonker M. Effects of Spaceflight and Simulated Microgravity on YAP1 Expression in Cardiovascular Progenitors: Implications for Cell-Based Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2742. [PMID: 31167392 PMCID: PMC6600678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight alters many processes of the human body including cardiac function and cardiac progenitor cell behavior. The mechanism behind these changes remains largely unknown; however, simulated microgravity devices are making it easier for researchers to study the effects of microgravity. To study the changes that take place in cardiac progenitor cells in microgravity environments, adult cardiac progenitor cells were cultured aboard the International Space Station (ISS) as well as on a clinostat and examined for changes in Hippo signaling, a pathway known to regulate cardiac development. Cells cultured under microgravity conditions, spaceflight-induced or simulated, displayed upregulation of downstream genes involved in the Hippo pathway such as YAP1 and SOD2. YAP1 is known to play a role in cardiac regeneration which led us to investigate YAP1 expression in a sheep model of cardiovascular repair. Additionally, to mimic the effects of microgravity, drug treatment was used to induce Hippo related genes as well as a regulator of the Hippo pathway, miRNA-302a. These studies provide insight into the changes that occur in space and how the effects of these changes relate to cardiac regeneration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Camberos
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Jonathan Baio
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Leonard Bailey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Nahidh Hasaniya
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Larry V Lopez
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Mary Kearns-Jonker
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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38
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Imura T, Otsuka T, Kawahara Y, Yuge L. "Microgravity" as a unique and useful stem cell culture environment for cell-based therapy. Regen Ther 2019; 12:2-5. [PMID: 31890760 PMCID: PMC6933149 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells or pluripotent stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells has seen dramatic progress in recent years. Part of cell-based therapy are already covered by public medical insurance. Recently, researchers have attempted to improve therapeutic effects toward various diseases by cell transplantation. Culture environment is considered to be one of the most important factors affecting therapeutic effects, in particular factors such as physical stimuli, because cells have the potential to adapt to their surrounding environment. In this review, we provide an overview of the research on the effects of gravity alteration on cell kinetics such as proliferation or differentiation and on potential therapeutic effects, and we also summarize the remarkable possibilities of the use of microgravity culture in cell-based therapy for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Imura
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Otsuka
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Louis Yuge
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Space Bio-Laboratories Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
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39
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Grigoryan EN, Radugina EA. Behavior of Stem-Like Cells, Precursors for Tissue Regeneration in Urodela, Under Conditions of Microgravity. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:423-437. [PMID: 30696352 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We summarize data from our experiments on stem-like cell-dependent regeneration in amphibians in microgravity. Considering its deleterious effect on many tissues, we asked whether microgravity is compatible with reparative processes, specifically activation and proliferation of source cells. Experiments were conducted using tailed amphibians, which combine profound regenerative capabilities with high robustness, allowing an in vivo study of lens, retina, limb, and tail regeneration in challenging settings of spaceflight. Microgravity promoted stem-like cell proliferation to a varying extent (up to 2-fold), and it seemed to speed up source cell dedifferentiation, as well as sequential differentiation in retina, lens, and limb, leading to formation of bigger and more developed regenerates than in 1g controls. It also promoted proliferation and hypertrophy of Müller glial cells, eliciting a response similar to reactive gliosis. A significant increase in stem-like cell proliferation was mostly beneficial for regeneration and only in rare cases caused moderate tissue growth abnormalities. It is important that microgravity yielded a lasting effect even if applied before operations. We hypothesize on the potential mechanisms of gravity-dependent changes in stem-like cell behavior, including fibroblast growth factor 2 signaling pathway and heat shock proteins, which were affected in our experimental settings. Taken together, our data indicate that microgravity does not disturb the natural regenerative potential of newt stem-like cells, and, depending on the system, even stimulates their dedifferentiation, proliferation, and differentiation. We discuss these data along with publications on mammalian stem cell behavior in vitro and invertebrate regeneration in vivo in microgravity. In vivo data are very scarce and require further research using contemporary methods of cell behavior analysis to elucidate mechanisms of stem cell response to altered gravity. They are relevant for both practical applications, such as managing human reparative responses in spaceflight, and fundamental understanding of stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora N Grigoryan
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Radugina
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Effectiveness of endothelial progenitor cell culture under microgravity for improved angiogenic potential. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14239. [PMID: 30250055 PMCID: PMC6155294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) transplantation is beneficial for ischemic diseases such as critical limb ischemia and ischemic heart disease. The scarcity of functional EPCs in adults is a limiting factor for EPC transplantation therapy. The quality and quantity culture (QQc) system is an effective ex vivo method for enhancing the number and angiogenic potential of EPCs. Further, microgravity environments have been shown to enhance the functional potential of stem cells. We therefore hypothesized that cells cultured with QQc under microgravity may have enhanced functionality. We cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using QQc under normal (E), microgravity (MG), or microgravity followed by normal (ME) conditions and found that ME resulted in the most significant increase in CD34+ and double positive Dil-Ac-LDL-FITC-Ulex-Lectin cells, both EPC markers. Furthermore, angiogenic potential was determined by an EPC-colony forming assay. While numbers of primitive EPC-colony forming units (pEPC-CFU) did not change, numbers of definitive EPC-CFU colonies increased most under ME conditions. Gene-expression profiling also identified increases in angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor, under MG and ME conditions. Thus, QQc along with ME conditions could be an efficient system for significantly enhancing the number and angiogenic potential of EPCs.
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Otsuka T, Imura T, Nakagawa K, Shrestha L, Takahashi S, Kawahara Y, Sueda T, Kurisu K, Yuge L. Simulated Microgravity Culture Enhances the Neuroprotective Effects of Human Cranial Bone-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Traumatic Brain Injury. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1287-1297. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Otsuka
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imura
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kei Nakagawa
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Looniva Shrestha
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Taijiro Sueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kurisu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Louis Yuge
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Space Bio-Laboratories Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
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Stem Cell Culture in Microgravity and Its Application in Cell-Based Therapy. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1298-1302. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Baio J, Martinez AF, Silva I, Hoehn CV, Countryman S, Bailey L, Hasaniya N, Pecaut MJ, Kearns-Jonker M. Cardiovascular progenitor cells cultured aboard the International Space Station exhibit altered developmental and functional properties. NPJ Microgravity 2018; 4:13. [PMID: 30062101 PMCID: PMC6062551 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-018-0048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart and its cellular components are profoundly altered by missions to space and injury on Earth. Further research, however, is needed to characterize and address the molecular substrates of such changes. For this reason, neonatal and adult human cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) were cultured aboard the International Space Station. Upon return to Earth, we measured changes in the expression of microRNAs and of genes related to mechanotransduction, cardiogenesis, cell cycling, DNA repair, and paracrine signaling. We additionally assessed endothelial-like tube formation, cell cycling, and migratory capacity of CPCs. Changes in microRNA expression were predicted to target extracellular matrix interactions and Hippo signaling in both neonatal and adult CPCs. Genes related to mechanotransduction (YAP1, RHOA) were downregulated, while the expression of cytoskeletal genes (VIM, NES, DES, LMNB2, LMNA), non-canonical Wnt ligands (WNT5A, WNT9A), and Wnt/calcium signaling molecules (PLCG1, PRKCA) was significantly elevated in neonatal CPCs. Increased mesendodermal gene expression along with decreased expression of mesodermal derivative markers (TNNT2, VWF, and RUNX2), reduced readiness to form endothelial-like tubes, and elevated expression of Bmp and Tbx genes, were observed in neonatal CPCs. Both neonatal and adult CPCs exhibited increased expression of DNA repair genes and paracrine factors, which was supported by enhanced migration. While spaceflight affects cytoskeletal organization and migration in neonatal and adult CPCs, only neonatal CPCs experienced increased expression of early developmental markers and an enhanced proliferative potential. Efforts to recapitulate the effects of spaceflight on Earth by regulating processes described herein may be a promising avenue for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Baio
- 1Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Aida F Martinez
- 1Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Ivan Silva
- 1Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Carla V Hoehn
- 2BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | | | - Leonard Bailey
- 3Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Nahidh Hasaniya
- 3Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Michael J Pecaut
- 4Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Mary Kearns-Jonker
- 1Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
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Lei X, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Qian J, Zhao Q, Liu F, Zhang T, Zhou J, Gu Y, Xia G, Duan E. Effect of microgravity on proliferation and differentiation of embryonic stem cells in an automated culturing system during the TZ-1 space mission. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12466. [PMID: 29999554 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite a great number of studies analysing the effects of microgravity on stem cell proliferation and differentiation, few of them have focused on real-time imaging estimates in space. Herein, we utilized the TZ-1 cargo spacecraft, automatic cell culture equipment and live cell imaging techniques to examine the effects of real microgravity on the proliferation and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Oct4-GFP, Brachyury-GFP mESC and Oct4-GFP mESC-derived EBs were used as experimental samples in the TZ-1 spaceflight mission. These samples were seeded into chambers, cultured in an automatic cell culture device and were transported into space during the TZ-1 mission. Over 15 days of spaceflight, bright field and fluorescent images of cell growth were taken in micrography, and the medium was changed every day. Real-time image data were transferred to the ground for analysis. RESULTS Space microgravity maintains stemness and long-term survival of mESCs, promising 3D aggregate formation. Although microgravity did not significantly prevent the migration of EBs on the ECM substrate, it did prevent terminal differentiation of cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that space microgravity might play a potential role in supporting 3D cell growth and maintenance of stemness in embryonic stem cells, while it may negatively affect terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangwu Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Central Sterile Supply Department, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Acharya A, Brungs S, Henry M, Rotshteyn T, Singh Yaduvanshi N, Wegener L, Jentzsch S, Hescheler J, Hemmersbach R, Boeuf H, Sachinidis A. Modulation of Differentiation Processes in Murine Embryonic Stem Cells Exposed to Parabolic Flight-Induced Acute Hypergravity and Microgravity. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:838-847. [PMID: 29630478 PMCID: PMC5995265 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic developmental studies under microgravity conditions in space are very limited. To study the effects of short-term altered gravity on embryonic development processes, we exposed mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to phases of hypergravity and microgravity and studied the differentiation potential of the cells using wide-genome microarray analysis. During the 64th European Space Agency's parabolic flight campaign, mESCs were exposed to 31 parabolas. Each parabola comprised phases lasting 22 s of hypergravity, microgravity, and a repeat of hypergravity. On different parabolas, RNA was isolated for microarray analysis. After exposure to 31 parabolas, mESCs (P31 mESCs) were further differentiated under normal gravity (1 g) conditions for 12 days, producing P31 12-day embryoid bodies (EBs). After analysis of the microarrays, the differentially expressed genes were analyzed using different bioinformatic tools to identify developmental and nondevelopmental biological processes affected by conditions on the parabolic flight experiment. Our results demonstrated that several genes belonging to GOs associated with cell cycle and proliferation were downregulated in undifferentiated mESCs exposed to gravity changes. However, several genes belonging to developmental processes, such as vasculature development, kidney development, skin development, and to the TGF-β signaling pathway, were upregulated. Interestingly, similar enriched and suppressed GOs were obtained in P31 12-day EBs compared with ground control 12-day EBs. Our results show that undifferentiated mESCs exposed to alternate hypergravity and microgravity phases expressed several genes associated with developmental/differentiation and cell cycle processes, suggesting a transition from the undifferentiated pluripotent to a more differentiated stage of mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviseka Acharya
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sonja Brungs
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Margit Henry
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamara Rotshteyn
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nirmala Singh Yaduvanshi
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucia Wegener
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Jentzsch
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Hemmersbach
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Helene Boeuf
- INSERM-U1026, BioTis, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Grimm D, Egli M, Krüger M, Riwaldt S, Corydon TJ, Kopp S, Wehland M, Wise P, Infanger M, Mann V, Sundaresan A. Tissue Engineering Under Microgravity Conditions-Use of Stem Cells and Specialized Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:787-804. [PMID: 29596037 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental cell research studying three-dimensional (3D) tissues in space and on Earth using new techniques to simulate microgravity is currently a hot topic in Gravitational Biology and Biomedicine. This review will focus on the current knowledge of the use of stem cells and specialized cells for tissue engineering under simulated microgravity conditions. We will report on recent advancements in the ability to construct 3D aggregates from various cell types using devices originally created to prepare for spaceflights such as the random positioning machine (RPM), the clinostat, or the NASA-developed rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor, to engineer various tissues such as preliminary vessels, eye tissue, bone, cartilage, multicellular cancer spheroids, and others from different cells. In addition, stem cells had been investigated under microgravity for the purpose to engineer adipose tissue, cartilage, or bone. Recent publications have discussed different changes of stem cells when exposed to microgravity and the relevant pathways involved in these biological processes. Tissue engineering in microgravity is a new technique to produce organoids, spheroids, or tissues with and without scaffolds. These 3D aggregates can be used for drug testing studies or for coculture models. Multicellular tumor spheroids may be interesting for radiation experiments in the future and to reduce the need for in vivo experiments. Current achievements using cells from patients engineered on the RWV or on the RPM represent an important step in the advancement of techniques that may be applied in translational Regenerative Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grimm
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark .,2 Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Egli
- 3 Institute of Medical Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts , Hergiswil, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Krüger
- 2 Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Riwaldt
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark .,4 Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sascha Kopp
- 2 Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wehland
- 2 Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Petra Wise
- 5 Hematology/Oncology, University of Southern California , Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Manfred Infanger
- 2 Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Vivek Mann
- 6 Department of Biology, Texas Southern University , Houston, Texas
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Baio J, Martinez AF, Bailey L, Hasaniya N, Pecaut MJ, Kearns-Jonker M. Spaceflight Activates Protein Kinase C Alpha Signaling and Modifies the Developmental Stage of Human Neonatal Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:805-818. [PMID: 29320953 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight impacts cardiovascular function in astronauts; however, its impact on cardiac development and the stem cells that form the basis for cardiac repair is unknown. Accordingly, further research is needed to uncover the potential relevance of such changes to human health. Using simulated microgravity (SMG) generated by two-dimensional clinorotation and culture aboard the International Space Station (ISS), we assessed the effects of mechanical unloading on human neonatal cardiovascular progenitor cell (CPC) developmental properties and signaling. Following 6-7 days of SMG and 12 days of ISS culture, we analyzed changes in gene expression. Both environments induced the expression of genes that are typically associated with an earlier state of cardiovascular development. To understand the mechanism by which such changes occurred, we assessed the expression of mechanosensitive small RhoGTPases in SMG-cultured CPCs and observed decreased levels of RHOA and CDC42. Given the effect of these molecules on intracellular calcium levels, we evaluated changes in noncanonical Wnt/calcium signaling. After 6-7 days under SMG, CPCs exhibited elevated levels of WNT5A and PRKCA. Similarly, ISS-cultured CPCs exhibited elevated levels of calcium handling and signaling genes, which corresponded to protein kinase C alpha (PKCα), a calcium-dependent protein kinase, activation after 30 days. Akt was activated, whereas phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase levels were unchanged. To explore the effect of calcium induction in neonatal CPCs, we activated PKCα using hWnt5a treatment on Earth. Subsequently, early cardiovascular developmental marker levels were elevated. Transcripts induced by SMG and hWnt5a-treatment are expressed within the sinoatrial node, which may represent embryonic myocardium maintained in its primitive state. Calcium signaling is sensitive to mechanical unloading and directs CPC developmental properties. Further research both in space and on Earth may help refine the use of CPCs in stem cell-based therapies and highlight the molecular events of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Baio
- 1 Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California
| | - Aida F Martinez
- 1 Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California
| | - Leonard Bailey
- 2 Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California
| | - Nahidh Hasaniya
- 2 Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California
| | - Michael J Pecaut
- 3 Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California
| | - Mary Kearns-Jonker
- 1 Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California
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Cui Y, Han J, Xiao Z, Qi Y, Zhao Y, Chen B, Fang Y, Liu S, Wu X, Dai J. Systematic Analysis of mRNA and miRNA Expression of 3D-Cultured Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) in Spaceflight. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 11:434. [PMID: 29375320 PMCID: PMC5768636 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, with the development of the space program there are growing concerns about the influence of spaceflight on tissue engineering. The purpose of this study was thus to determine the variations of neural stem cells (NSCs) during spaceflight. RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) based transcriptomic profiling of NSCs identified many differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs between space and earth groups. Subsequently, those genes with differential expression were subjected to bioinformatic evaluation using gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) and miRNA-mRNA network analyses. The results showed that NSCs maintain greater stemness ability during spaceflight although the growth rate of NSCs was slowed down. Furthermore, the results indicated that NSCs tended to differentiate into neuron in outer space conditions. Detailed genomic analyses of NSCs during spaceflight will help us to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind their differentiation and proliferation when they are in outer space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiduo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Nordberg RC, Bodle JC, Loboa EG. Mechanical Stimulation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Functional Tissue Engineering of the Musculoskeletal System via Cyclic Hydrostatic Pressure, Simulated Microgravity, and Cyclic Tensile Strain. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1773:215-230. [PMID: 29687393 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7799-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is critical that human adipose stem cell (hASC) tissue-engineering therapies possess appropriate mechanical properties in order to restore function of the load bearing tissues of the musculoskeletal system. In an effort to elucidate the hASC response to mechanical stimulation and develop mechanically robust tissue engineered constructs, recent research has utilized a variety of mechanical loading paradigms including cyclic tensile strain, cyclic hydrostatic pressure, and mechanical unloading in simulated microgravity. This chapter describes methods for applying these mechanical stimuli to hASC to direct differentiation for functional tissue engineering of the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Nordberg
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Josie C Bodle
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- College of Engineering, University of Missouri, W1024 Thomas & Nell Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO, USA.
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50
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Tascher G, Brioche T, Maes P, Chopard A, O'Gorman D, Gauquelin-Koch G, Blanc S, Bertile F. Proteome-wide Adaptations of Mouse Skeletal Muscles during a Full Month in Space. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2623-2638. [PMID: 28590761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The safety of space flight is challenged by a severe loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and endurance that may compromise the health and performance of astronauts. The molecular mechanisms underpinning muscle atrophy and decreased performance have been studied mostly after short duration flights and are still not fully elucidated. By deciphering the muscle proteome changes elicited in mice after a full month aboard the BION-M1 biosatellite, we observed that the antigravity soleus incurred the greatest changes compared with locomotor muscles. Proteomics data notably suggested mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic and fiber type switching toward glycolytic type II fibers, structural alterations, and calcium signaling-related defects to be the main causes for decreased muscle performance in flown mice. Alterations of the protein balance, mTOR pathway, myogenesis, and apoptosis were expected to contribute to muscle atrophy. Moreover, several signs reflecting alteration of telomere maintenance, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance were found as possible additional deleterious effects. Finally, 8 days of recovery post flight were not sufficient to restore completely flight-induced changes. Thus in-depth proteomics analysis unraveled the complex and multifactorial remodeling of skeletal muscle structure and function during long-term space flight, which should help define combined sets of countermeasures before, during, and after the flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Tascher
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-670000 Strasbourg, France.,Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES , 75039 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Brioche
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier F-34060, France
| | - Pauline Maes
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-670000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Angèle Chopard
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier F-34060, France
| | - Donal O'Gorman
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology and the School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - Stéphane Blanc
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-670000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Bertile
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-670000 Strasbourg, France
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