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Vassilopoulou E, Comotti A, Douladiris N, Konstantinou GΝ, Zuberbier T, Alberti I, Agostoni C, Berni Canani R, Bocsan IC, Corsello A, De Cosmi V, Feketea G, Laitinen K, Mazzocchi A, Monzani NA, Papadopoulos NG, Peroni DG, Pitsios C, Roth-Walter F, Skypala I, Tsabouri S, Baldeh AK, O'Mahony L, Venter C, Milani GP. A systematic review and meta-analysis of nutritional and dietary interventions in randomized controlled trials for skin symptoms in children with atopic dermatitis and without food allergy: An EAACI task force report. Allergy 2024; 79:1708-1724. [PMID: 38783644 DOI: 10.1111/all.16160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate evidence on dietary interventions for atopic eczema/dermatitis (AD) skin symptoms in children without food allergies, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Systematic review updates were conducted in May 2022 and June 2023, focusing on randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) involving children with AD but without food allergies. Specific diets or supplements, such as vitamins, minerals, probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, or postbiotics, were explored in these trials. Exclusions comprised descriptive studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, letters, case reports, studies involving elimination diets, and those reporting on food allergens in children and adolescents. Additionally, studies assessing exacerbation of AD due to food allergy/sensitization and those evaluating elimination diets' effects on AD were excluded. Nutritional supplementation studies were eligible regardless of sensitization profile. Evaluation of their impact on AD clinical expression was performed using SCORAD scores, and a meta-analysis of SCORAD outcomes was conducted using random-effect models (CRD42022328702). The review encompassed 27 RCTs examining prebiotics, Vitamin D, evening primrose oil, and substituting cow's milk formula with partially hydrolyzed whey milk formula. A meta-analysis of 20 RCTs assessing probiotics, alone or combined with prebiotics, revealed a significant reduction in SCORAD scores, suggesting a consistent trend in alleviating AD symptoms in children without food allergies. Nonetheless, evidence for other dietary interventions remains limited, underscoring the necessity for well-designed intervention studies targeting multiple factors to understand etiological interactions and propose reliable manipulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Comotti
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Douladiris
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Ν Konstantinou
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilaria Alberti
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Ioana Corina Bocsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, "luliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Antonio Corsello
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina De Cosmi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Gavriela Feketea
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, "luliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, "Karamandaneio" Children's Hospital of Patra, Patras, Greece
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Nutrition and Food Research Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola A Monzani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Diego G Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Franziska Roth-Walter
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Skypala
- Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Inflammation & Repaid, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Sophia Tsabouri
- Child Health Department, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Abdoulie K Baldeh
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carina Venter
- Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado/University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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2
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Qu B, Zhang XE, Feng H, Yan B, Bai Y, Liu S, He Y. Microbial perspective on the skin-gut axis and atopic dermatitis. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220782. [PMID: 38623584 PMCID: PMC11017189 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a relapsing inflammatory skin condition that has become a global health issue with complex etiology and mounting prevalence. The association of AD with skin and gut microbiota has been revealed by virtue of the continuous development of sequencing technology and genomics analysis. Also, the gut-brain-skin axis and its mutual crosstalk mechanisms have been gradually verified. Accordingly, the microbiota-skin-gut axis also plays an important role in allergic skin inflammation. Herein, we reviewed the relationship between the microbiota-skin-gut axis and AD, explored the underlying signaling molecules and potential pathways, and focused on the potential mechanisms of probiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), coagulase-negative staphylococci transplantation, fecal microbiota transplantation, AMPs, and addition of essential fatty acids in alleviating AD, with the aim to provide a new perspective for targeting microbiota in the treatment of allergic skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xue-er Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 37 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Haoyue Feng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Bonan Yan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 37 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yingchun Bai
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Shanlin Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 37 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
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3
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Phongpradist R, Semmarath W, Kiattisin K, Jiaranaikulwanitch J, Chaiyana W, Chaichit S, Phimolsiripol Y, Dejkriengkraikul P, Ampasavate C. The in vitro effects of black soldier fly larvae ( Hermitia illucens) oil as a high-functional active ingredient for inhibiting hyaluronidase, anti-oxidation benefits, whitening, and UVB protection. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1243961. [PMID: 37799972 PMCID: PMC10548269 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Larvae of Hermitia illucens, or black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), have been recognized for their high lipid yield with a remarkable fatty acid profile. BSFL oil (SFO) offers the added value of a low environmental footprint and a sustainable product. In this study, the characteristics and cosmetic-related activities of SFO were investigated and compared with rice bran oil, olive oil and krill oil which are commonly used in cosmetics and supplements. Methods: The physicochemical characteristics were determined including acid value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter and water content of SFO. The fatty acid composition was determined using GC-MS equipped with TR-FAME. The in vitro antioxidant properties were determined using DPPH, FRAP and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Antihyaluronidase (anti-HAase) activity was measured by detecting enzyme activity and molecular docking of candidate compounds toward the HAase enzyme. The safety assessment towards normal human cells was determined using the MTT assay and the UVB protection upon UVB-irradiated fibroblasts was determined using the DCF-DA assay. The whitening effect of SFO was determined using melanin content inhibition. Results: SFO contains more than 60% polyunsaturated fatty acids followed by saturated fatty acids (up to 37%). The most abundant component found in SFO was linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6 cis). Multiple anti-oxidant mechanisms of SFO were discovered. In addition, SFO and krill oil prevented hyaluronic acid (HA) degradation via strong HAase inhibition comparable with the positive control, oleanolic acid. The molecular docking confirmed the binding interactions and molecular recognition of major free fatty acids toward HAase. Furthermore, SFO exhibited no cytotoxicity on primary human skin fibroblasts, HaCaT keratinocytes and PBMCs (IC50 values > 200 μg/mL). SFO possessed significant in-situ anti-oxidant activity in UVB-irradiated fibroblasts and the melanin inhibition activity as effective as well-known anti-pigmenting compounds (kojic acid and arbutin, p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study provides scientific support for various aspects of SFO. SFO can be considered an alternative oil ingredient in cosmetic products with potential implications for anti-skin aging, whitening and UVB protection properties, making it a potential candidate oil in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungsinee Phongpradist
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Warathit Semmarath
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Kiattisin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Wantida Chaiyana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siripat Chaichit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yuthana Phimolsiripol
- Division of Product Development Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pornngarm Dejkriengkraikul
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chadarat Ampasavate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Olejnik A, Gornowicz-Porowska J, Jenerowicz D, Polańska A, Dobrzyńska M, Przysławski J, Sansone A, Ferreri C. Fatty Acids Profile and the Relevance of Membranes as the Target of Nutrition-Based Strategies in Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3857. [PMID: 37686888 PMCID: PMC10489657 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis has increased drastically, especially in urban populations. This multifactorial skin disease is caused by complex interactions between various factors including genetics, environment, lifestyle, and diet. In eczema, apart from using an elimination diet, the adequate content of fatty acids from foods (saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids) plays an important role as an immunomodulatory agent. Different aspects regarding atopic dermatitis include connections between lipid metabolism in atopic dermatitis, with the importance of the MUFA levels, as well as of the omega-6/omega-3 balance that affects the formation of long-chain (C20 eicosanoic and C22 docosaenoic) fatty acids and bioactive lipids from them (such as prostaglandins). Impair/repair of the functioning of epidermal barrier is influenced by these fatty acid levels. The purpose of this review is to drive attention to membrane fatty acid composition and its involvement as the target of fatty acid supplementation. The membrane-targeted strategy indicates the future direction for dermatological research regarding the use of nutritional synergies, in particular using red blood cell fatty acid profiles as a tool for checking the effects of supplementations to reach the target and influence the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance of lipid mediators. This knowledge gives the opportunity to develop personalized strategies to create a healthy balance by nutrition with an anti-inflammatory outcome in skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olejnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
- Centre for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Gornowicz-Porowska
- Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Jenerowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-356 Poznań, Poland; (D.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Adriana Polańska
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-356 Poznań, Poland; (D.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Dobrzyńska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnica 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnica 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Anna Sansone
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
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Wang L, Wang Y, Wang XE, Chen B, Zhang L, Lu X. Causal association between atopic eczema and inflammatory bowel disease: A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study of the East Asian population. J Dermatol 2023; 50:327-336. [PMID: 36799178 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Observation studies have postulated that atopic eczema is associated with a risk of inflammatory bowel disease in the East Asian population; however, this association does not obviate the biases resulting from confounding effects and reverse causation. This study aimed to determine whether this association is causal in the East Asian population using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization design. Independent genetic variants obtained from public genome-wide association studies for atopic eczema (4296 cases, 163 807 controls) were extracted to estimate the causal effects on inflammatory bowel disease (2824 cases, 3719 controls) and its two main conditions: Crohn's disease (1690 cases, 3719 controls) and ulcerative colitis (1134 cases, 3719 controls). Atopic eczema was found to be strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.520 [1.179, 1.959]; p = 0.001), but not vice versa. Subtype analyses revealed that atopic eczema is significantly associated with Crohn's disease (1.650 [1.293, 2.106]; p = 0.000) but not with ulcerative colitis. Both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis were found to be causally related to atopic eczema; Crohn's disease could reduce the risk of atopic eczema (0.866 [0.807, 0.930]; p = 0.000) while ulcerative colitis could increase the risk of atopic eczema (1.112 [1.021, 1.212]; p = 0.015). In conclusion, this study revealed that statistically causal relationships are present between atopic eczema and inflammatory bowel disease in the East Asian population. These findings are significant for guiding the treatment of atopic eczema and inflammatory bowel disease in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Microbiome-X, National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xi E Wang
- Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Microbiome-X, National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Microbiome-X, National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xixue Lu
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Lin JY, Ma LJ, Yuan JP, Yu P, Bai BX. Causal effects of fatty acids on atopic dermatitis: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1083455. [PMID: 36908902 PMCID: PMC9996175 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1083455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Some evidence suggests abnormalities in fatty acids in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), and benefits of supplementation with these fatty acids have been reported. However, there is still substantial controversy on the correlation between fatty acids and AD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether fatty acid levels are causally related to AD using a Mendelian randomization approach. Methods We evaluated the data about the fatty acids levels and AD with various methods from Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). GWAS results were available both from European ancestry. Mendelian randomization methods were used to analysis the casual inference of fatty acids on AD. MR Egger and MR-PRESSO were used to determine pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Further analysis was conducted using instruments associated with the FADS genes to address mechanisms involved. We also used Multivariate MR (MVMR) to show the independent casual inference of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids on AD. Results Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis suggests that n-3 fatty acid levels are associated with a lower risk of AD (n-3 ORIVW: 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-0.98; p = 0.01). Moreover, docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) levels, which is a kind of long-chain, highly unsaturated omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid, and its higher level was associated with a lower risk of AD (DHA ORIVW: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.98; p = 0.02). We ran multivariable MR analysis while controlling for variables within the other types of fatty acids. The effect estimates agreed with the preliminary MR analysis indicating the effect of n-3 fatty acids levels on AD was robust. MR-egger suggest no significant pleiotropy and heterogeneity on genetic instrumental variants. Outliers-corrected MR analyses after controlling horizontal pleiotropy were still robust. The single-SNP analyses revealed that n-3 fatty acids are likely linked to a decreased risk of AD through FADS cluster, highlighting the significance of the FADS gene in the fatty acids synthesis pathway in the development of AD. Conclusion Our studies suggest that n-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of AD. Risk prediction tools based on n-3 fatty acid levels may be valuable methods for improving AD screening and primary prevention. To reduce the risk of AD, individuals could enhance n-3 fatty acids intake through supplement or diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liang-Juan Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jin-Ping Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bing-Xue Bai
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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7
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Chen B, Lu N, Lee K, Ye L, Hasegawa C, Maeda K. Application of mevalonolactone prevents deterioration of epidermal barrier function by accelerating the lamellar granule lipid transport system. Skin Res Technol 2022; 28:804-814. [PMID: 36148627 PMCID: PMC9907606 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids increase ATP-binding cassette ABC transporter A12 (ABCA12) levels via an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPAR β/δ). Promoting lipid transport to lamellar granules has been suggested to improve epidermal barrier function in patients with dry skin. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether mevalonolactone (MVL) produced by Saccharomycopsis fibuligera improves dry skin by promoting ABCA12 expression and the amount of free fatty acids in epidermal keratinocytes. METHODS We examined whether MVL increases ABCA12 mRNA and protein levels and the amount of Nile red-positive lipids in cultured epidermal keratinocytes and in a three-dimensional epidermal model by cell staining. Promotion of fatty acid production by MVL was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We also evaluated whether MVL addition increases PPAR β/δ mRNA expression in cultured keratinocytes. Based on the results, a randomized controlled trial was conducted in which milky lotions containing MVL and placebo were applied to dry facial skin of healthy female volunteers in winter. RESULTS MVL increased ABCA12 mRNA and protein levels and lamellar granule number and size. Fatty acid analysis revealed that MVL elevated myristic acid, palmitic acid, and palmitoleic acid levels as well as PPAR β/δ mRNA expression. In human tests, milky lotions containing MVL were shown to significantly improve transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in the stratum corneum compared to placebo. CONCLUSION The results suggest that MVL increases fatty acid uptake and ABCA12, promotes fatty acid transport to lamellar granules, and improves epidermal barrier function in dry skin through increased expression of PPAR β/δ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Pechoin Biotech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Lu
- Pechoin Biotech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - KeeSuh Lee
- Pechoin Biotech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Pechoin Biotech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
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8
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Ferreri C, Sansone A, Chatgilialoglu C, Ferreri R, Amézaga J, Burgos MC, Arranz S, Tueros I. Critical Review on Fatty Acid-Based Food and Nutraceuticals as Supporting Therapy in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116030. [PMID: 35682708 PMCID: PMC9181022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids have an important place in both biological and nutritional contexts and, from a clinical point of view, they have known consequences for diseases’ onset and development, including cancer. The use of fatty acid-based food and nutraceuticals to support cancer therapy is a multidisciplinary subject, involving molecular and clinical research. Knowledge regarding polyunsaturated fatty acids essentiality/oxidizability and the role of lipogenesis-desaturase pathways for cell growth, as well as oxidative reactivity in cancer cells, are discussed, since they can drive the choice of fatty acids using their multiple roles to support antitumoral drug activity. The central role of membrane fatty acid composition is highlighted for the application of membrane lipid therapy. As fatty acids are also known as biomarkers of cancer onset and progression, the personalization of the fatty acid-based therapy is also possible, taking into account other important factors such as formulation, bioavailability and the distribution of the supplementation. A holistic approach emerges combining nutra- and pharma-strategies in an appropriate manner, to develop further knowledge and applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Sansone
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Rosaria Ferreri
- Department of Integrated Medicine, Tuscany Reference Centre for Integrated Medicine in the Hospital Pathway, Pitigliano Hospital, ASL Sudest Toscana, 58017 Pitigliano, Italy;
| | - Javier Amézaga
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (J.A.); (M.C.B.); (S.A.); (I.T.)
| | - Mercedes Caro Burgos
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (J.A.); (M.C.B.); (S.A.); (I.T.)
| | - Sara Arranz
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (J.A.); (M.C.B.); (S.A.); (I.T.)
| | - Itziar Tueros
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (J.A.); (M.C.B.); (S.A.); (I.T.)
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9
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Garhwal R, Sangwan K, Mehra R, Kumar N, Bhardwaj A, Pal Y, Buttar HS, Kumar H. A Systematic Review of the Bioactive Components, Nutritional Qualities and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Donkey Milk. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 115:104006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Vassilopoulou E, Guibas GV, Papadopoulos NG. Mediterranean-Type Diets as a Protective Factor for Asthma and Atopy. Nutrients 2022; 14:1825. [PMID: 35565792 PMCID: PMC9105881 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We are currently riding the second wave of the allergy epidemic, which is ongoing in affluent societies, but now also affecting developing countries. This increase in the prevalence of atopy/asthma in the Western world has coincided with a rapid improvement in living conditions and radical changes in lifestyle, suggesting that this upward trend in allergic manifestations may be associated with cultural and environmental factors. Diet is a prominent environmental exposure that has undergone major changes, with a substantial increase in the consumption of processed foods, all across the globe. On this basis, the potential effects of dietary habits on atopy and asthma have been researched rigorously, but even with a considerable body of evidence, clear associations are far from established. Many factors converge to obscure the potential relationship, including methodological, pathophysiological and cultural differences. To date, the most commonly researched, and highly promising, candidate for exerting a protective effect is the so-called Mediterranean diet (MedDi). This dietary pattern has been the subject of investigation since the mid twentieth century, and the evidence regarding its beneficial health effects is overwhelming, although data on a correlation between MedDi and the incidence and severity of asthma and atopy are inconclusive. As the prevalence of asthma appears to be lower in some Mediterranean populations, it can be speculated that the MedDi dietary pattern could indeed have a place in a preventive strategy for asthma/atopy. This is a review of the current evidence of the associations between the constituents of the MedDi and asthma/atopy, with emphasis on the pathophysiological links between MedDi and disease outcomes and the research pitfalls and methodological caveats which may hinder identification of causality. MedDi, as a dietary pattern, rather than short-term supplementation or excessive focus on single nutrient effects, may be a rational option for preventive intervention against atopy and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George V. Guibas
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, UK;
- School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
- School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon and Levadias 1, 11527 Athens, Greece
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11
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Aeroterrestrial and Extremophilic Microalgae as Promising Sources for Lipids and Lipid Nanoparticles in Dermal Cosmetics. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microscopic prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae (microalgae), which can be effectively grown in mass cultures, are gaining increasing interest in cosmetics. Up to now, the main attention was on aquatic algae, while species from aeroterrestrial and extreme environments remained underestimated. In these habitats, algae accumulate high amounts of some chemical substances or develop specific compounds, which cause them to thrive in inimical conditions. Among such biologically active molecules is a large family of lipids, which are significant constituents in living organisms and valuable ingredients in cosmetic formulations. Therefore, natural sources of lipids are increasingly in demand in the modern cosmetic industry and its innovative technologies. Among novelties in skin care products is the use of lipid nanoparticles as carriers of dermatologically active ingredients, which enhance their penetration and release in the skin strata. This review is an attempt to comprehensively cover the available literature on the high-value lipids from microalgae, which inhabit aeroterrestrial and extreme habitats (AEM). Data on different compounds of 87 species, subspecies and varieties from 53 genera (represented by more than 141 strains) from five phyla are provided and, despite some gaps in the current knowledge, demonstrate the promising potential of AEM as sources of valuable lipids for novel skin care products.
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12
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Kaniuk Ł, Podborska A, Stachewicz U. Enhanced mechanical performance and wettability of PHBV fiber blends with evening primrose oil for skin patches improving hydration and comfort. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1763-1774. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02805g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The growing problem of skin diseases due to allergies causing atopic dermatitis, which is characterized by itching, burning, and redness, constantly motivates researchers to look for solutions to soothe these effects by moisturizing skin properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kaniuk
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Podborska
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
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13
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Prabhu YD, Borthakur A, A G S, Vellingiri B, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in ovary and effect of γ-linolenic acid on adipose tissue inflammation in a polycystic ovary syndrome model. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 146:103345. [PMID: 34116484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), a major endocrine disorder, affects the reproductive function of a woman, along with an association with metabolic conditions like insulin resistance and inflammation. The inflammatory nature of PCOS is much debated over, owing to numerous cases of elevation in cytokine levels. Studies have shown the beneficiary effect of Gamma-Linolenic acid (GLA) in reducing inflammation related to many conditions such as atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, arterial disease, obesity, and even PCOS. The study aims at assessing the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the ovary and Peri-ovarian adipose tissue (POAT) of the Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) induced PCOS rat model. Further, this study also evaluates the effect of γ-linolenic Acid (GLA) on these cytokines in POAT. Female Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with 60 mg/kg DHEA daily for 28 days. These PCOS-induced rats were then orally administered with 50 mg/kg GLA for 14 days. The gene expression of cytokines was assessed by Real Time-PCR. The study showed an increase in the expression of cytokines in the ovary and POAT of the DHEA group. This suggests the role of ovarian adipose in adding to the pro-inflammatory state of PCOS. Moreover, the administration of GLA to the PCOS-induced rats resulted in a reduction of cytokine expression from the POAT, indicating that the compound was successful in reducing the associated inflammation. The study throws light on the possibility of using GLA as a supplementary or naturalistic alternative in ameliorating ovarian adipose-associated inflammation that accompanies PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogamaya D Prabhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Atreyee Borthakur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Subeka A G
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 046, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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14
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Lee SY, Park YM, Yoo HJ, Suh DI, Shin YH, Kim KW, Ahn K, Hong SJ. Gut linoleic acid is associated with the severity of atopic dermatitis and sensitization to egg white/milk in infants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:382-385. [PMID: 33044002 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma and Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Mee Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma and Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Shin JA, Sun M, Jeong JM. Borage Oil Treated with Immobilized Lipase Inhibits Melanogenesis. Lipids 2020; 55:649-659. [PMID: 33128473 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrated that borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil subjected to immobilized lipase pretreatment are enriched with linoleic acid (LNA, 18:2n-6), γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6), and oleic acid (OLA, 18:1n-9). We further showed that lipase-treated borage oil (LT-BOL) regulates the activity and degradation of tyrosinase, an important enzyme implicated in the synthesis of melanin in murine melanocytes, B16F10. LT-BOL and its free fatty acid components reduced the levels of melanin and tyrosinase in melanocytes with GLA exerting similar or stronger effects compared with LNA and OLA. The brightening efficacy of LT-BOL on melanin metabolism in humans was tested by an 8-week, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, which enrolled 21 Korean female adults (mean age 48.57 ± 3.28). Visual evaluation showed that cream containing 1% LT-BOL significantly decreased (p < 0.05) melasma on the treated skin area after 6 and 8 weeks. The analysis of the skin brightness using Chromameter CR-400 confirmed that the brightness of the treated area was significantly increased (p < 0.01) after 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Together, our results suggest that LT-BOL may be suitable as a natural skin whitening cosmeceutical product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin A Shin
- Biotechnology Research Center, Ben's Lab., Co., Ltd., 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwasung-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Meixiang Sun
- Biotechnology Research Center, Ben's Lab., Co., Ltd., 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwasung-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Moon Jeong
- Department of Bioscience, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwasung-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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16
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Balić A, Vlašić D, Žužul K, Marinović B, Bukvić Mokos Z. Omega-3 Versus Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E741. [PMID: 31979308 PMCID: PMC7037798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are nowadays desirable components of oils with special dietary and functional properties. Their therapeutic and health-promoting effects have already been established in various chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases through various mechanisms, including modifications in cell membrane lipid composition, gene expression, cellular metabolism, and signal transduction. The application of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs in most common skin diseases has been examined in numerous studies, but their results and conclusions were mostly opposing and inconclusive. It seems that combined ω-6, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), and ω-3 long-chain PUFAs supplementation exhibits the highest potential in diminishing inflammatory processes, which could be beneficial for the management of inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne. Due to significant population and individually-based genetic variations that impact PUFAs metabolism and associated metabolites, gene expression, and subsequent inflammatory responses, at this point, we could not recommend strict dietary and supplementation strategies for disease prevention and treatment that will be appropriate for all. Well-balanced nutrition and additional anti-inflammatory PUFA-based supplementation should be encouraged in a targeted manner for individuals in need to provide better management of skin diseases but, most importantly, to maintain and improve overall skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Balić
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Šalata 4, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Domagoj Vlašić
- Department of Ophtalmology and Optometry, General Hospital Dubrovnik, Ulica dr. Roka Mišetića 2, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia;
| | - Kristina Žužul
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Branka Marinović
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Šalata 4, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Zrinka Bukvić Mokos
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Šalata 4, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (B.M.)
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17
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Li Y, Fan Y, Shaikh AS, Wang Z, Wang D, Tan H. Dezhou donkey (Equus asinus) milk a potential treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112221. [PMID: 31494203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Donkey (Equus asinus) milk has become a medical and nutrient product since ancient times. In addition, donkey milk was regarded as a medicinal food and substitute product for infant formula in some ancient western countries. Chinese ancient medical books documented the medicinal value of donkey milk, using donkey milk to treat diabetes, cough and jaundice. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the donkey milk's components and anti-diabetic effect of donkey milk in vitro and in vivo and to study the molecular mechanism of donkey milk was an anti-diabetic medication. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the gastrointestinal digested donkey milk was simulated in vitro and its products of protein digestion were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. We then performed cell viability assay, insulin secretion assay, animal experiments and ELISA assays to study the anti-diabetic effect of donkey milk in vitro and in vivo. Donkey milk's anti-diabetic molecular mechanism and specific targets were detected by using quantitative real time PCR. RESULTS Lysozyme (LZ) and α-lactalbumin (α-La) exhibited significantly lower digestibility and higher retention than the other components of donkey milk. In vitro, 500 μg/mL of donkey milk could improve damaged β-cells viability significantly (P < 0.0001). In vivo, the blood glucose and HOMA-IR of diabetic rats treated with donkey milk were 14.23 ± 5.18 mM and 74.94 ± 23.62, respectively, whereas the diabetic group were 22.18 ± 2.23 mM and 112.16 ± 18.44, respectively (P < 0.01). The SOD value of donkey milk group was 265.87 ± 21.29 U/L, while the SOD value of diabetic group was 193.20 ± 52.07 U/L (P < 0.05). These results indicated that the blood glucose was reduced, the ability of the body to eliminate free radicals was enhanced, antioxidant levels in the body was increased, insulin resistance was improved in type 2 diabetic rats after donkey milk powder fed for 4 weeks. Furthermore, donkey milk could treat diabetes through down-regulating phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC). CONCLUSIONS Donkey milk has played an important role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and contributed to the development of the donkey milk products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, Liaocheng, 252000, China; Dong-E E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Done-E Country, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Abdul Sami Shaikh
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhendong Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, Liaocheng, 252000, China; Dong-E E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Done-E Country, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
| | - Haining Tan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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18
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Fujii M. Current Understanding of Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Atopic Dermatitis: Interactions among Skin Barrier Dysfunction, Immune Abnormalities and Pruritus. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:12-19. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Fujii
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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19
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Watanabe N, Teradu S, Ohtani M, Uemura H. Oral administration of whole dihomo-γ-linolenic acid-producing yeast suppresses allergic contact dermatitis in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:208-215. [PMID: 31532348 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1667220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, C20: 3n-6) is known to have an anti-inflammatory activity, but its range of effects was not well studied because of its limited natural sources. We addressed these issues by constructing an yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain having a complete metabolic pathway for DGLA synthesis by introducing two desaturase and one elongase genes to convert endogenous oleic acid to DGLA. Taking advantage of well-known safety of S. cerevisiae, we previously investigated the efficacy of heat-killed whole DGLA-producing yeast cells on irritant contact dermatitis, and showed that oral intake of this yeast significantly suppressed inflammatory reactions, whereas no such suppression was observed by the intake of 25 times the amount of purified DGLA. Since this method is considered to be a simple and efficient way to suppress inflammation, we examined its effectiveness against allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in this study and showed that this method was also effective against ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Watanabe
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Soichiro Teradu
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Masashi Ohtani
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uemura
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
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20
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Kumari N, Choudhary SB, Sharma HK, Singh BK, Kumar AA. Health-promoting properties of Corchorus leaves: A review. J Herb Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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Li R, Hadi S, Guttman-Yassky E. Current and emerging biologic and small molecule therapies for atopic dermatitis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:367-380. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1573422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Randall Li
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suhail Hadi
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Biomedical applications of microemulsion through dermal and transdermal route. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1477-1494. [PMID: 30372850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, transparent, colloidal drug carrier system extensively used by the scientists for effective drug delivery across the skin. It is a spontaneous isotropic mixture of lipophilic and hydrophilic substances stabilized by suitable surfactant and co-surfactant. The easy fabrication, long-term stability, enhanced solubilization, biocompatibility, skin-friendly appearance and affinity for both the hydrophilic and lipophilic drug substances make it superior for skin drug delivery over the other carrier systems. The topical administration of most of the active compounds is impaired by limited skin permeability due to the presence of skin barriers. In this sequence, the microemulsion represents a cost-effective and convenient drug carrier system which successfully delivers the drug to and across the skin. In the present review work, we compiled various attempts made in last 20 years, utilizing the microemulsion for dermal and transdermal delivery of various drugs. The review emphasizes the potency of microemulsion for topical and transdermal drug delivery and its effect on drug permeability.
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23
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Arshad Z, Rezapour-Firouzi S, Mohammadian M, Ebrahimifar. The Sources of Essential Fatty Acids for Allergic and Cancer Patients; a Connection with Insight into Mammalian Target of Rapamycin: A Narrative Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2391-2401. [PMID: 30255691 PMCID: PMC6249470 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.9.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Disturbance in essential fatty acids (EFA) metabolism plays a key role in autoimmune diseases, but EFA supplementation with sources of borage, evening primrose, hemp seed and fish oils was not effective in atopic and cancer diseases, as that seen in the case of multiple sclerosis. It seems that two complexes of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, mTORC1 and mTORC2, are congruent with the two bases of the Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) therapy, Cold and Hot nature, which are essential for the efficacy of functional oils for controlling immune responses in autoimmune diseases. Methods: We searched PubMed database, Web of Science (WOS), Google Scholar, Scopus and selected studies by predefined eligibility criteria. We then assessed their quality and extracted data. Results: The oils controlled by Cold or Hot nature may be helpful in maintaining homeostasis and preventing autoimmune diseases. In summary, studies of randomized controlled trials for allergy and cancer patients found no improvement in the signs or response to tests, despite a remarkable change in EFA fractions in the blood by supplementation with sources of borage, evening primrose, hemp seed and fish oils. In contrast, portulaca oleracea oil exhibited protective effects by anti-inflammatory properties via the PI3K/Akt/mTORC2 pathway with a deviation immune response to Th1 to treat atopic diseases and cancer. Conclusions: According to the concept of Traditional Iranian Medicine therapy, in contrast to Cold-nature oils, EFA supplementation with the sources of Hot-nature oilsis not suitable for the treatment of atopic and cancerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Arshad
- Department of Pathology of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Baku University of Medical Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan. ,
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24
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Huang TH, Wang PW, Yang SC, Chou WL, Fang JY. Cosmetic and Therapeutic Applications of Fish Oil's Fatty Acids on the Skin. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E256. [PMID: 30061538 PMCID: PMC6117694 DOI: 10.3390/md16080256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish oil has been broadly reported as a potential supplement to ameliorate the severity of some skin disorders such as photoaging, skin cancer, allergy, dermatitis, cutaneous wounds, and melanogenesis. There has been increasing interest in the relationship of fish oil with skin protection and homeostasis, especially with respect to the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The other PUFAs, such as α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), also show a beneficial effect on the skin. The major mechanisms of PUFAs for attenuating cutaneous inflammation are the competition with the inflammatory arachidonic acid and the inhibition of proinflammatory eicosanoid production. On the other hand, PUFAs in fish oil can be the regulators that affect the synthesis and activity of cytokines for promoting wound healing. A systemic review was conducted to demonstrate the association between fish oil supplementation and the benefits to the skin. The following describes the different cosmetic and therapeutic approaches using fatty acids derived from fish oil, especially ALA, LA, DHA, and EPA. This review summarizes the cutaneous application of fish oil and the related fatty acids in the cell-based, animal-based, and clinical models. The research data relating to fish oil treatment of skin disorders suggest a way forward for generating advances in cosmetic and dermatological uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan.
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chun Yang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ling Chou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
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Chung BY, Park SY, Jung MJ, Kim HO, Park CW. Effect of Evening Primrose Oil on Korean Patients With Mild Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study. Ann Dermatol 2018; 30:409-416. [PMID: 30065580 PMCID: PMC6029968 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2018.30.4.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is related to a deficiency of delta-6-desaturase, an enzyme responsible for converting linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). Evening primrose oil (EPO) as a source of GLA has been of interest in the management of AD. Objective The aim of this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EPO in Korean patients with AD. Methods Fifty mild AD patients with an Eczema Area Severity Index (EASI) score of 10 or less were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. The first group received an oval unmarked capsule containing 450 mg of EPO (40 mg of GLA) per capsule, while placebo capsules identical in appearance and containing 450 mg of soybean oil were given to the other group. Treatment continued for a period of four months. EASI scores, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and skin hydration were evaluated in all the AD patients at the baseline, and in months 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the study. Results At the end of month 4, the patients of the EPO group showed a significant improvement in the EASI score (p=0.040), whereas the patients of the placebo group did not. There was a significant difference in the EASI score between the EPO and placebo groups (p=0.010). Although not statistically significant, the TEWL and skin hydration also slightly improved in the EPO patients group. Conclusion We suggest that EPO is a safe and effective medicine for Korean patients with mild AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Young Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Je Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye One Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Wook Park
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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26
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New therapies for atopic dermatitis: Additional treatment classes. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 78:S76-S83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Morse NL, Reid AJ, St-Onge M. An open-label clinical trial assessing the efficacy and safety of Bend Skincare Anti-Aging Formula on minimal erythema dose in skin. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2017; 34:152-161. [PMID: 28884844 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Sunburn and other health risks associated with excess sun exposure place huge economic burdens on societies, and create discomfort and disease within susceptible individuals. Oral supplements that reduce sunburn may be advantageous. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of Bend Skincare Anti-Aging Formula to ameliorate sunburn induced with a solar simulator. METHODS Subjects (n = 28) with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes I, II, or III took 4 capsules daily of the supplement providing 1400 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 120 mg of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), 5 mg of lutein, 2.5 mg of zeaxanthin, and 1000 IU of vitamin D3 for 8 weeks. Skin on each subject's back was exposed to a progressive sequence of timed ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure doses at baseline, and after 4- and 8-week treatment to determine their minimal erythema dose (MED). Results were compared before and after treatment using 3 paired t tests and subsequently 3 linear mixed models. RESULTS Treatment significantly improved tolerance to UV exposure as evidenced by increased MED at 4 and 8 weeks compared with baseline (P < .001). This protection increased with prolonged use of Bend Skincare Anti-Aging Formula as demonstrated by progressively increased MED between baseline and 4 weeks, and again between 4 and 8 weeks (P < .001). Nearly 86% of patients responded to treatment within 4 weeks and 100% of patients responded by the end of the study, resulting in a 39% mean increase in MED at 4 weeks, and an 84% mean increase in MED at 8 weeks compared with baseline. Treatment was well tolerated with no product associated adverse events (AE) and only a few mild and expected side effects. CONCLUSION Bend Skincare Anti-Aging Formula safely and effectively provides significant skin photoprotection that increases with continued use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Morse
- Independent Scientific Consultant, Berwick, NS, Canada
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De Santi F, Zoppini G, Locatelli F, Finocchio E, Cappa V, Dauriz M, Verlato G. Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms as compared to the general population. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:101. [PMID: 28716044 PMCID: PMC5513377 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To estimate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in individuals with type 2 diabetes, as compared to the general population. Methods Between 2007 and 2010 the screening questionnaire of GEIRD (Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases) study was administered to two samples of Verona general population, aged respectively 45-64 years and 65-84 years, and to a convenience sample of individuals with type 2 diabetes, consequently recruited at the local Diabetes Centre. Ninety-four and 165 people with type 2 diabetes, aged respectively 45-64 and 65-84 years, were compared with 676 and 591 subjects in the same age range from the general population. The influence of type 2 diabetes on respiratory symptoms was evaluated by logistic regression models, controlling for sex, age (45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75-84 years), education level, smoking habits and heavy vehicle traffic exposure and adjusting standard errors of ORs for intra-sample correlation. Results Compared to the general population, dyspnoea limiting walking pace on level ground (grade 2 dyspnoea) was more frequently reported by people with type 2 diabetes, irrespective of age (p < 0.001), while self-reported chronic cough/phlegm was more common in those aged 45-64 years (p = 0.02). These results were confirmed by multivariable analysis: compared to their counterparts from the general population, people with type 2 diabetes aged 45-54 years showed an increased risk of reporting grade 2 dyspnoea (OR = 3.92, 95% CI 3.28-4.68) or chronic cough/phlegm (OR = 1.69, 1.60-1.78). Similar figures held significant at older ages (75-84 years), although partially blunted (dyspnoea: OR = 1.79, 1.68-1.91; chough/phlegm: OR = 1.09, 1.03-1.16). As such, the interaction between age class and type 2 diabetes was significant for both respiratory disorders. The proportion of self-reported dyspnoea among individuals with type 2 diabetes significantly increased across incremental body-mass index (BMI), from 15.4 to 25.4% and further to 41.3% respectively in normoweight, overweight and obese patients (p = 0.048). Conclusions People with type 2 diabetes more frequently reported grade 2 dyspnoea and chronic cough/phlegm than the general population of the same age, although presenting similar smoking habits. Diabetes appears to anticipate the lung ageing process, recorded in the general population. The increased occurrence of dyspnoea at incremental BMI among individuals with type 2 diabetes may reflect both cardiovascular and respiratory impairment in this high-risk patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Santi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Zoppini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - F Locatelli
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8 -, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - E Finocchio
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8 -, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - V Cappa
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8 -, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - M Dauriz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Verlato
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8 -, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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Dahms I, Bailey-Hall E, Salem N. Kinetics of docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester accumulation in dog plasma and brain. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 113:1-8. [PMID: 27720035 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study explores dog plasma and brain fatty acid composition achieved after long-term supplementation at high DHA doses. A 90% concentrate of DHA Ethyl Ester (DHA-EE) administered by oral gavage to Beagle dogs at doses of 100, 500, 1000, and 2000mg/kg bw/day for 8 weeks resulted in DHA increases in both plasma and brain. In a subsequent 9-month study, DHA-EE was administered at 150, 1000 and 2000mg/kg bw/day. Plasma DHA increased between 150 and 1000mg/kg bw/day but not between 1000 and 2000mg/kg bw/day and there were increases from Day 1to 92 but not between days 92 and 273. Doses >500mg/kg bw/day in the 8-week and all doses in the 9-month study resulted in DHA increases in the brain. The dose of 150mg/k gbw/day is sufficient to achieve maximal brain concentrations if DHA is administered chronically. For shorter than 6 months of supplementation, higher doses are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Dahms
- DSM Nutritional Products, 6480 Dobbin Rd., Columbia, MD 21045, USA.
| | | | - Norman Salem
- DSM Nutritional Products, 6480 Dobbin Rd., Columbia, MD 21045, USA
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Schlichte MJ, Vandersall A, Katta R. Diet and eczema: a review of dietary supplements for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Dermatol Pract Concept 2016. [PMID: 27648380 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0603a06.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of increasing popularity of "natural" alternatives to conventional medicine, several dietary supplements have gained the attention of researchers and consumers alike in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Readily available without a prescription and frequently perceived to have fewer side effects than traditional medications, these "natural" remedies may be featured in discussions with patients, and clinicians should therefore be familiar with their efficacy and safety. Based on trials to date, no dietary supplements can be recommended for routine use in the treatment of AD. However, some promising results have been noted from the use of probiotics and prebiotics taken in combination. Given significant differences in study design to date, however, further studies would be needed to clarify dose and strains of probiotics. Studies of vitamin D have been limited and have produced conflicting results, although further trials in selected subsets of patients may be indicated. Very limited data is available on fish oil supplements, while future studies on Chinese herbal medicine would require evaluation of comparable herbs and formulations. Finally, multiple trials of evening primrose oil and borage seed oil have shown improvement similar to placebo, and neither is currently recommended in eczema therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Schlichte
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abbey Vandersall
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rajani Katta
- Division of Dermatology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Mikkelsen A, Galli C, Eiben G, Ahrens W, Iacoviello L, Molnár D, Pala V, Risé P, Rodriguez G, Russo P, Tornaritis M, Veidebaum T, Vyncke K, Wolters M, Mehlig K. Blood fatty acid composition in relation to allergy in children aged 2-9 years: results from the European IDEFICS study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:39-44. [PMID: 27650873 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Blood polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are involved in allergy development, but the etiological role of n-6 and n-3 PUFA is still controversial. A European multicenter study of children (IDEFICS) provided the opportunity to explore the cross-sectional association between fatty acids (FA) and allergy. SUBJECTS/METHODS Blood FA levels were measured in 2600 children aged 2-9 years and were recorded as the percentage of weight of all FA detected. Logistic regression of allergy status on FA components was adjusted for age, sex, country, body mass index, family history of allergic disease, breast-feeding, and number of siblings. The results were given as odds ratios (OR) for current vs no allergy ever and an increase in FA by 1 s.d. RESULTS Overall, higher proportions of n-6 PUFA were associated with higher odds of allergy (OR=1.21 (1.05, 1.40)). Monounsaturated FA (MUFA) were associated with reduced risk for allergy (OR=0.75 (0.65, 0.87)), whereas saturated FA did not differ by allergy status. The strongest associations were observed in children <4 years old, with ORs of allergy given as 1.62 (1.15, 2.29) for n-3 PUFA and 0.63 (0.42, 0.95) for MUFA. With regard to individual FA, these associations were independently observed for docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3) and oleic acid (18:1 n-9). CONCLUSIONS Both PUFA subtypes were positively associated with allergy in an age-dependent manner, whereas MUFA was associated with less allergy. The observation of high proportions of n-3 PUFA in allergic children younger than 4 years might help to understand the nature of early onset of atopic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mikkelsen
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Närhälsan, Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - C Galli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Eiben
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - W Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - L Iacoviello
- Laboratory of Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - D Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - V Pala
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - P Risé
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Rodriguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Aragón, Spain
| | - P Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy
| | - M Tornaritis
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - T Veidebaum
- National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - K Vyncke
- Department of Public Health, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Wolters
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - K Mehlig
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sergeant S, Rahbar E, Chilton FH. Gamma-linolenic acid, Dihommo-gamma linolenic, Eicosanoids and Inflammatory Processes. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 785:77-86. [PMID: 27083549 PMCID: PMC4975646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in human milk and several botanical seed oils and is typically consumed as part of a dietary supplement. While there have been numerous in vitro and in vivo animal models which illustrate that GLA-supplemented diets attenuate inflammatory responses, clinical studies utilizing GLA or GLA in combination with omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs have been much less conclusive. A central premise of this review is that there are critical metabolic and genetic factors that affect the conversion of GLA to dihommo-gamma linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3n-6) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), which consequently affects the balance of DGLA- and AA- derived metabolites. As a result, these factors impact the clinical effectiveness of GLA or GLA/(n-3) PUFA supplementations in treating inflammatory conditions. Specifically, these factors include: 1) the capacity for different human cells and tissues to convert GLA to DGLA and AA and to metabolize DGLA and AA to bioactive metabolites; 2) the opposing effects of DGLA and AA metabolites on inflammatory processes and diseases; and 3) the impact of genetic variations within the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster, in particular, on AA/DGLA ratios and bioactive metabolites. We postulate that these factors influence the heterogeneity of results observed in GLA supplement-based clinical trials and suggest that "one-size fits all" approaches utilizing PUFA-based supplements may no longer be appropriate for the prevention and treatment of complex human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Sergeant
- Department of Biochemistry; Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Elaheh Rahbar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Floyd H Chilton
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Schlichte MJ, Vandersall A, Katta R. Diet and eczema: a review of dietary supplements for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Dermatol Pract Concept 2016; 6:23-9. [PMID: 27648380 PMCID: PMC5006549 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0603a06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of increasing popularity of "natural" alternatives to conventional medicine, several dietary supplements have gained the attention of researchers and consumers alike in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Readily available without a prescription and frequently perceived to have fewer side effects than traditional medications, these "natural" remedies may be featured in discussions with patients, and clinicians should therefore be familiar with their efficacy and safety. Based on trials to date, no dietary supplements can be recommended for routine use in the treatment of AD. However, some promising results have been noted from the use of probiotics and prebiotics taken in combination. Given significant differences in study design to date, however, further studies would be needed to clarify dose and strains of probiotics. Studies of vitamin D have been limited and have produced conflicting results, although further trials in selected subsets of patients may be indicated. Very limited data is available on fish oil supplements, while future studies on Chinese herbal medicine would require evaluation of comparable herbs and formulations. Finally, multiple trials of evening primrose oil and borage seed oil have shown improvement similar to placebo, and neither is currently recommended in eczema therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Schlichte
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abbey Vandersall
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rajani Katta
- Division of Dermatology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Nishimura K, Aoyanagi N, Uchino E, Itabashi Y. Influence of Hot Spring Water on Fatty Acid Composition of Skin Surface Lipids in Hairless Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1718-1722. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: The Way Forward in Times of Mixed Evidence. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:143109. [PMID: 26301240 PMCID: PMC4537707 DOI: 10.1155/2015/143109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Almost forty years ago, it was first hypothesized that an increased dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from fish fat could exert protective effects against several pathologies. Decades of intense preclinical investigation have supported this hypothesis in a variety of model systems. Several clinical cardiovascular studies demonstrated the beneficial health effects of omega-3 PUFA, leading medical institutions worldwide to publish recommendations for their increased intake. However, particularly in recent years, contradictory results have been obtained in human studies focusing on cardiovascular disease and the clinical evidence in other diseases, particularly chronic inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, was never established to a degree that led to clear approval of treatment with omega-3 PUFA. Recent data not in line with the previous findings have sparked a debate on the health efficacy of omega-3 PUFA and the usefulness of increasing their intake for the prevention of a number of pathologies. In this review, we aim to examine the controversies on the possible use of these fatty acids as preventive/curative tools against the development of cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases, as well as several kinds of cancer.
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A comprehensive analysis of the nutritional quality of edible mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju grown in deproteinized whey medium. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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37
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Raja R, Hemaiswarya S, Ganesan V, Carvalho IS. Recent developments in therapeutic applications of Cyanobacteria. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:394-405. [PMID: 25629310 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2014.957640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are photosynthetic prokaryotes having applications in human health with numerous biological activities and as a dietary supplement. It is used as a food supplement because of its richness in nutrients and digestibility. Many cyanobacteria (Microcystis sp, Anabaena sp, Nostoc sp, Oscillatoria sp., etc.) produce a great variety of secondary metabolites with potent biological activities. Cyanobacteria produce biologically active and chemically diverse compounds belonging to cyclic peptides, lipopeptides, fatty acid amides, alkaloids and saccharides. More than 50% of the marine cyanobacteria are potentially exploitable for extracting bioactive substances which are effective in killing cancer cells by inducing apoptotic death. Their role as anti-viral, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, anti-HIV and a food additive have also been well established. However, such products are at different stages of clinical trials and only a few compounds have reached to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathinam Raja
- a Food Science Lab, Meditbio, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal and
| | - Shanmugam Hemaiswarya
- a Food Science Lab, Meditbio, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal and
| | | | - Isabel S Carvalho
- a Food Science Lab, Meditbio, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal and
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Concentration of selected fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins and β-carotene in late lactation mares' milk. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Watanabe N, Masubuchi D, Itoh M, Teradu S, Yazawa H, Uemura H. Oral administration of whole dihomo-γ-linolenic acid-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae suppresses cutaneous inflammatory responses induced by croton oil application in mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8697-706. [PMID: 25070596 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids have been attracting considerable interest because of their many biological activities and important roles in human health and nutrition. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA; C20: 3n-6) is known to have an anti-inflammatory activity, but its range of effects was not well studied because of its limited natural sources. Taking advantage of genetic tractability and increasing wealth of accessible data of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have previously constructed a DGLA-producing yeast strain by introducing two types of desaturase and one elongase genes to convert endogenous oleic acid (C18:1n-9) to DGLA. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of oral intake of heat-killed whole DGLA-producing yeast cells in the absence of lipid purification on cutaneous inflammation. Topical application of croton oil to mouse ears induces ear swelling in parallel with the increased production of chemokines and accumulation of infiltrating cells into the skin sites. These inflammatory reactions were significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by oral intake of the DGLA-producing yeast cells for only 7 days. This suppression was not observed by the intake of the γ-linolenic acid-producing (C18:3n-6, an immediate precursor of DGLA) yeast, indicating DGLA itself suppressed the inflammation. Further analysis demonstrated that DGLA exerted an anti-inflammatory effect via prostaglandin E1 formation because naproxen, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, attenuated the suppression. Since 25-fold of purified DGLA compared with that provided as a form of yeast was not effective, oral administration of the whole DGLA-producing yeast is considered to be a simple but efficient method to suppress inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Watanabe
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan,
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Barcelos RCS, Vey LT, Segat HJ, Roversi K, Roversi K, Dias VT, Trevizol F, Kuhn FT, Dolci GS, Pase CS, Piccolo J, Veit JC, Emanuelli T, Luz SCA, Bürger ME. Cross-generational trans fat intake exacerbates UV radiation-induced damage in rat skin. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:38-45. [PMID: 24694906 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the influence of dietary fats on ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced oxidative damage in skin of rats. Animals from two consecutive generations born of dams supplemented with fats during pregnancy and breastfeeding were maintained in the same supplementation: soybean-oil (SO, rich in n-6 FA, control group), fish-oil (FO, rich in n-3 FA) or hydrogenated-vegetable-fat (HVF, rich in TFA). At 90 days of age, half the animals from the 2nd generation were exposed to UVR (0.25 J/cm(2)) 3×/week for 12 weeks. The FO group presented higher incorporation of n-3 FA in dorsal skin, while the HVF group incorporated TFA. Biochemical changes per se were observed in skin of the HVF group: greater generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lower mitochondrial integrity and increased Na(+)K(+)-ATPase activity. UVR exposure increased skin wrinkles scores and ROS generation and decreased mitochondrial integrity and reduced-glutathione levels in the HVF group. In FO, UVR exposure was associated with smaller skin thickness and reduced levels of protein-carbonyl, together with increased catalase activity and preserved Na(+)K(+)-ATPase function. In conclusion, while FO may be protective, trans fat may be harmful to skin health by making it more vulnerable to UVR injury and thus more prone to develop photoaging and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C S Barcelos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - L T Vey
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, RS, Brazil
| | - H J Segat
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, RS, Brazil
| | - K Roversi
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, RS, Brazil
| | - Kr Roversi
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, RS, Brazil
| | - V T Dias
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, RS, Brazil
| | - F Trevizol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - F T Kuhn
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - G S Dolci
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - C S Pase
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - J Piccolo
- Departamento de Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Tecnologia dos Alimentos, UFSM, RS, Brazil
| | - J C Veit
- Departamento de Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Tecnologia dos Alimentos, UFSM, RS, Brazil
| | - T Emanuelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Departamento de Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Tecnologia dos Alimentos, UFSM, RS, Brazil
| | - S C A Luz
- Departamento de Patologia, UFSM, RS, Brazil
| | - M E Bürger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, RS, Brazil.
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Gamma-linolenic acid levels correlate with clinical efficacy of evening primrose oil in patients with atopic dermatitis. Adv Ther 2014; 31:180-8. [PMID: 24435467 PMCID: PMC3930832 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-014-0093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Atopic dermatitis (AD) has been related to a deficiency of delta-6-desaturase, an enzyme responsible for the conversion of linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). Evening primrose oil (EPO) contains high amounts of GLA. Therefore, this study investigated whether EPO supplementation results in an increase in plasma GLA and its metabolite dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) correlating with clinical improvement of AD, assessed by the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Methods The open study included 21 patients with AD. EPO (4–6 g) was administered daily for 12 weeks. Before treatment, and 4 and 12 weeks after initiation of EPO supplementation, objective SCORAD was assessed and plasma concentrations of GLA and DGLA were determined by gas chromatography. Results A significant increase in plasma GLA and DGLA levels and a decrease in the objective SCORAD were observed 4 and 12 weeks after initiation of EPO treatment. In the per-protocol population (n = 14), a significant inverse correlation between the changes in plasma GLA levels and SCORAD was found (P = 0.008). Conclusion The clinical disease activity under EPO treatment correlates with the individual increase in plasma GLA levels. Thus, the results of this pilot study indicate that an increase in plasma GLA might be used as predictive parameter for responsiveness of AD to EPO therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12325-014-0093-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Chung BY, Kim JH, Cho SI, Ahn IS, Kim HO, Park CW, Lee CH. Dose-dependent effects of evening primrose oil in children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis. Ann Dermatol 2013; 25:285-91. [PMID: 24003269 PMCID: PMC3756191 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2013.25.3.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous clinical trials with evening primrose oil in atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment have shown different results. In addition, the optimal dose and duration of treatment with evening primrose oil have not yet been determined. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the dose-response treatment effects of evening primrose oil on clinical symptoms of AD and serum concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Methods Forty AD patients were enrolled for the study and randomly divided into 2 groups: those who received evening primrose oil 160 mg daily for 8 weeks and those who received 320 mg of evening primrose oil twice daily for 8 weeks. We evaluated the Eczema Area Severity Index (EASI) scores of all AD patients at weeks 0, 2, 4 and 8. In addition, we measured the levels of serum fatty acids, including C16 : 0 (palmitic), C18 : 2n (linoleic), C18 : 3n (linolenic) and C20 : 4 (arachidonic acid) using gas chromatography. Results The serum fatty acid levels C18 : 3n and C20 : 4 were higher in the 320 mg group than in the 160 mg group, with statistical significance. After evening primrose oil treatment, EASI scores were reduced in the 2 groups. The improvement in EASI scores was greater in the 320 mg group than in the 160 mg group. There were no side effects seen in either group during the study in the 2 groups. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the 320 mg and 160 mg groups may be equally effective in treating AD patients and show dose-dependent effects on serum fatty acid levels and EASI scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Young Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee HS, Barraza-Villarreal A, Hernandez-Vargas H, Sly PD, Biessy C, Ramakrishnan U, Romieu I, Herceg Z. Modulation of DNA methylation states and infant immune system by dietary supplementation with ω-3 PUFA during pregnancy in an intervention study. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:480-7. [PMID: 23761484 PMCID: PMC3712555 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.052241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life exposures to tobacco smoke and some dietary factors have been identified to induce epigenetic changes in genes involved in allergy and asthma development. Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake during pregnancy could modulate key cytokines and T helper (Th) cell maturation; however, little is known about the mechanism by which ω-3 PUFA could have a beneficial effect in preventing inflammatory disorders. OBJECTIVE We sought to test whether prenatal dietary supplementation with ω-3 PUFA during pregnancy may modulate epigenetic states in the infant immune system. DESIGN This study was based on a randomized intervention trial conducted in Mexican pregnant women supplemented daily with 400 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or a placebo from 18 to 22 wk of gestation to parturition. We applied quantitative profiling of DNA methylation states in Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T-relevant genes as well as LINE1 repetitive elements of cord blood mononuclear cells (n = 261). RESULTS No significant difference in promoter methylation levels was shown between ω-3 PUFA-supplemented and control groups for the genes analyzed; however, ω-3 PUFA supplementation was associated with changes in methylation levels in LINE1 repetitive elements (P = 0.03) in infants of mothers who smoked during pregnancy. Furthermore, an association between the promoter methylation levels of IFNγ and IL13 was modulated by ω-3 PUFA supplementation (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that maternal supplementation with ω-3 PUFA during pregnancy may modulate global methylation levels and the Th1/Th2 balance in infants. Therefore, the epigenetic mechanisms could provide attractive targets for prenatal modulation and prevention of inflammatory disorders and potentially other related diseases in childhood and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sun Lee
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Barcelos RCS, Segat HJ, Benvegnú DM, Trevizol F, Roversi K, Dolci GS, Dias VT, Piccolo J, Veit JC, Emanuelli T, Bürger ME. Trans Fat Supplementation Increases UV-Radiation-Induced Oxidative Damage on Skin of Mice. Lipids 2013; 48:977-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bamford JTM, Ray S, Musekiwa A, van Gool C, Humphreys R, Ernst E. Oral evening primrose oil and borage oil for eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 2013:CD004416. [PMID: 23633319 PMCID: PMC8105655 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004416.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin condition, which usually develops in early childhood. Many children outgrow this disorder as they reach secondary school age, and although It may improve with age, there is no cure. Constant itch makes life uncomfortable for those with this condition, no matter what age they are, so it may have a significant effect on a person's quality of life. Its prevalence seems to be increasing as populations move from rural locations to cities. Some people, who do not see an adequate improvement or fear side-effects of conventional medical products, try complementary alternatives to conventional treatment. This is a review of evening primrose oil (EPO) and borage oil (BO) taken orally (by mouth); these have been thought to be beneficial because of their gamma-linolenic acid content. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of oral evening primrose oil or borage oil for treating the symptoms of atopic eczema. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases up to August 2012: Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (from 1946), EMBASE (from 1974), AMED (from 1985), and LILACS (from 1982). We also searched online trials registers and checked the bibliographies of included studies for further references to relevant trials. We corresponded with trial investigators and pharmaceutical companies to try to identify unpublished and ongoing trials. We performed a separate search for adverse effects of evening primrose oil and borage oil in November 2011. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled, parallel, or cross-over trials investigating oral intake of evening primrose oil or borage oil for eczema. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently applied eligibility criteria, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data. We pooled dichotomous outcomes using risk ratios (RR), and continuous outcomes using the mean difference (MD). Where possible, we pooled study results using random-effects meta-analysis and tested statistical heterogeneity using both the Chi(²) test and the I(²) statistic test. We presented results using forest plots with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS A total of 27 studies (1596 participants) met the inclusion criteria: 19 studies assessed evening primrose oil, and 8 studies assessed borage oil. For EPO, a meta-analysis of results from 7 studies showed that EPO failed to significantly increase improvement in global eczema symptoms as reported by participants on a visual analogue scale of 0 to 100 (MD -2.22, 95% CI -10.48 to 6.04, 176 participants, 7 trials) and a visual analogue scale of 0 to 100 for medical doctors (MD -3.26, 95% CI -6.96 to 0.45, 289 participants, 8 trials) compared to the placebo group.Treatment with BO also failed to significantly improve global eczema symptoms compared to placebo treatment as reported by both participants and medical doctors, although we could not conduct a meta-analysis as studies reported results in different ways. With regard to the risk of bias, the majority of studies were of low risk of bias; we judged 67% of the included studies as having low risk of bias for random sequence generation; 44%, for allocation concealment; 59%, for blinding; and 37%, for other biases. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Oral borage oil and evening primrose oil lack effect on eczema; improvement was similar to respective placebos used in trials. Oral BO and EPO are not effective treatments for eczema.In these studies, along with the placebos, EPO and BO have the same, fairly common, mild, transient adverse effects, which are mainly gastrointestinal.The short-term studies included here do not examine possible adverse effects of long-term use of EPO or BO. A case report warned that if EPO is taken for a prolonged period of time (more than one year), there is a potential risk of inflammation, thrombosis, and immunosuppression; another study found that EPO may increase bleeding for people on Coumadin® (warfarin) medication. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Noting that the confidence intervals between active and placebo treatment are narrow, to exclude the possibility of any clinically useful difference, we concluded that further studies on EPO or BO for eczema would be hard to justify.This review does not provide information about long-term use of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T M Bamford
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
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Supplementation with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in treatment of atopic dermatitis in children. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2013; 30:103-7. [PMID: 24278056 PMCID: PMC3834680 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2013.34160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some recent studies indicate that unsaturated fatty acids, components of cellular membranes and precursors of immunomodulators, play a significant role in the pathogenesis of some symptoms of atopic dermatitis. Since they cannot be synthesized by the human body, they must be provided with nutrition as the so called exogenous fatty acids: linoleic (a precursor of arachidonic acid) and α-linolenic acid (a precursor of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)). Their deficiency facilitates the development of some disorders, e.g. of the cardiovascular system or of the nervous system, or becomes the cause of intensification of ailments in their course e.g. pruritus and dryness in atopic dermatitis. Though clinical examinations to date confirm the efficacy of fatty acid supplementation in treatment of atopic dermatitis, their results are not explicit.
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Fujii M, Nakashima H, Tomozawa J, Shimazaki Y, Ohyanagi C, Kawaguchi N, Ohya S, Kohno S, Nabe T. Deficiency of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is mainly responsible for atopic dermatitis-like pruritic skin inflammation in special diet-fed hairless mice. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:272-7. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Fujii
- Department of Pharmacology; Division of Pathological Sciences; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto; Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology; Division of Pathological Sciences; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto; Japan
| | - Junko Tomozawa
- Department of Pharmacology; Division of Pathological Sciences; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto; Japan
| | - Yuki Shimazaki
- Department of Pharmacology; Division of Pathological Sciences; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto; Japan
| | - Chie Ohyanagi
- Department of Pharmacology; Division of Pathological Sciences; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto; Japan
| | - Naomi Kawaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology; Division of Pathological Sciences; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto; Japan
| | - Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology; Division of Pathological Sciences; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto; Japan
| | - Shigekatsu Kohno
- Department of Pharmacology; Division of Pathological Sciences; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto; Japan
| | - Takeshi Nabe
- Department of Pharmacology; Division of Pathological Sciences; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto; Japan
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Lee LW, Yan AC. Skin manifestations of nutritional deficiency disease in children: modern day contexts. Int J Dermatol 2012; 51:1407-18. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Martemucci G, D'Alessandro AG. Fat content, energy value and fatty acid profile of donkey milk during lactation and implications for human nutrition. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:113. [PMID: 22963037 PMCID: PMC3545721 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Milk contains numerous nutrients. The content of n-3 fatty acids, the n-6/n-3 ratio, and short- and medium-chain fatty acids may promote positive health effects. In Western societies, cow’s milk fat is perceived as a risk factor for health because it is a source of a high fraction of saturated fatty acids. Recently, there has been increasing interest in donkey’s milk. In this work, the fat and energetic value and acidic composition of donkey’s milk, with reference to human nutrition, and their variations during lactation, were investigated. We also discuss the implications of the acidic profile of donkey’s milk on human nutrition. Methods Individual milk samples from lactating jennies were collected 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210days after foaling, for the analysis of fat, proteins and lactose, which was achieved using an infrared milk analyser, and fatty acids composition by gas chromatography. Results The donkey’s milk was characterised by low fat and energetic (1719.2kJ·kg-1) values, a high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content of mainly α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), a low n-6 to n-3 FA ratio or LA/ALA ratio, and advantageous values of atherogenic and thrombogenic indices. Among the minor PUFA, docosahesaenoic (DHA), eicosapentanoic (EPA), and arachidonic (AA) acids were present in very small amounts (<1%). In addition, the AA/EPA ratio was low (0.18). The fat and energetic values decreased (P < 0.01) during lactation. The fatty acid patterns were affected by the lactation stage and showed a decrease (P < 0.01) in saturated fatty acids content and an increase (P < 0.01) in the unsaturated fatty acids content. The n-6 to n-3 ratio and the LA/ALA ratio were approximately 2:1, with values <1 during the last period of lactation, suggesting the more optimal use of milk during this period. Conclusions The high level of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids and PUFA-n3 content and the low n-6/n-3 ratio suggest the use of donkey’s milk as a functional food for human nutrition and its potential utilisation for infant nutrition as well as adult diets, particular for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Martemucci
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari, Via G, Amendola, 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
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Synthesis and production of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in yeast: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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