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Clayton PK, Putnick DL, Trees IR, Robinson SL, O'Connor TG, Tyris JN, Yeung EH. Age of Juice Introduction and Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Middle Childhood. J Nutr 2024; 154:2514-2523. [PMID: 38936550 PMCID: PMC11375467 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends juice introduction after 12 months of age. Juice consumption has been linked to childhood obesity and cardiometabolic risk. OBJECTIVES To examine the prospective relationship between the age of juice introduction and primary and secondary cardiometabolic outcomes in middle childhood. METHODS Parents reported the age of juice introduction on Upstate KIDS questionnaires completed between 4 and 18 months. The quantity and type of juice introduced were not measured. Anthropometry, blood pressure (BP), and arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured for 524 children (age, 8-10 y) at study visits (2017-2019). Age- and gender-adjusted z-scores were calculated using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference for anthropometrics. Plasma lipids, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in a subset of children were also measured (n = 248). Associations between age at juice introduction (categorized as <6, 6 to <12, ≥12 months), and outcomes were estimated using mean differences and odds ratios, applying generalized estimating equations to account for correlations between twins. RESULTS Approximately 18% of children were introduced to juice at <6 months, 52% between 6 and <12 months, and 30% ≥ 12 months of age. Children who were introduced to juice before 6 months had higher systolic BP (3.13 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52, 5.74), heart rate (4.46 bpm; 95% CI: 1.05, 7.87), and mean arterial pressure (2.08 mmHg; 95% CI: 0.15, 4.00) compared with those introduced ≥12 months after covariate adjustment including sociodemographic factors and maternal prepregnancy body mass index. No adjusted differences in anthropometry, lipids, HbA1c, and CRP levels were found. CONCLUSIONS Early juice introduction during infancy was associated with higher systolic BP, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure in middle childhood. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03106493 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03106493?term=upstate%20KIDS&rank=1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla K Clayton
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Diane L Putnick
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Ian R Trees
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Sonia L Robinson
- Violence Prevention Research Program, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; California Firearm Violence Research Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.
| | - Jordan N Tyris
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Edwina H Yeung
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Gutiérrez-Esparza G, Pulido T, Martínez-García M, Ramírez-delReal T, Groves-Miralrio LE, Márquez-Murillo MF, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Vargas-Alarcón G, Hernández-Lemus E. A machine learning approach to personalized predictors of dyslipidemia: a cohort study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1213926. [PMID: 37799151 PMCID: PMC10548235 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1213926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mexico ranks second in the global prevalence of obesity in the adult population, which increases the probability of developing dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia is closely related to cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death in the country. Therefore, developing tools that facilitate the prediction of dyslipidemias is essential for prevention and early treatment. Methods In this study, we utilized a dataset from a Mexico City cohort consisting of 2,621 participants, men and women aged between 20 and 50 years, with and without some type of dyslipidemia. Our primary objective was to identify potential factors associated with different types of dyslipidemia in both men and women. Machine learning algorithms were employed to achieve this goal. To facilitate feature selection, we applied the Variable Importance Measures (VIM) of Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM). Additionally, to address class imbalance, we employed Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) for dataset resampling. The dataset encompassed anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, dietary intake, family health history, and other health parameters, including smoking habits, alcohol consumption, quality of sleep, and physical activity. Results Our results revealed that the VIM algorithm of RF yielded the most optimal subset of attributes, closely followed by GBM, achieving a balanced accuracy of up to 80%. The selection of the best subset of attributes was based on the comparative performance of classifiers, evaluated through balanced accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity metrics. Discussion The top five features contributing to an increased risk of various types of dyslipidemia were identified through the machine learning technique. These features include body mass index, elevated uric acid levels, age, sleep disorders, and anxiety. The findings of this study shed light on significant factors that play a role in dyslipidemia development, aiding in the early identification, prevention, and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Esparza
- Researcher for Mexico CONAHCYT, National Council of Humanities Sciences, and Technologies, Mexico City, Mexico
- Clinical Research, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tomas Pulido
- Clinical Research, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mireya Martínez-García
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tania Ramírez-delReal
- Researcher for Mexico CONAHCYT, National Council of Humanities Sciences, and Technologies, Mexico City, Mexico
- Center for Research in Geospatial Information Sciences, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | | | - Manlio F. Márquez-Murillo
- Department of Electrocardiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis M. Amezcua-Guerra
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
- Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Li X, Han T, Sun X, Chen Y, Xu J, Ma Y, Hou W, Sun C. Association of meal timing of energy, macronutrients and foods with hypercholesterolaemia in the US adults. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:304-311. [PMID: 36597806 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522003257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Few studies examined the association of energy, macronutrients and food consumption at dinner v. breakfast with hypercholesterolaemia. A total of 27 911 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2016) were included in the cross-sectional study. Energy, macronutrients and food consumption at breakfast, dinner and the difference at dinner v. breakfast (Δratio) were calculated. Multiple logistic regression models and substitution effects of foods at dinner with breakfast were also performed. After adjustment for potential covariates, compared with the lowest quintile, participants in the highest quintile of Δratio in terms of energy had a higher risk of prevalent hypercholesterolaemia (ORΔratio of energy 1·16, 95 % CI (1·01, 1·33)) mainly due to Δratio of low-quality carbohydrates and plant protein (ORΔratio of low-quality carbohydrates 1·19; 95 % CI (1·05, 1·35)); ORΔratio of plant protein 1·13; 95 % CI (1·01, 1·28)). ΔAdded sugars and Δnuts were associated with hypercholesterolaemia (ORΔadded sugars 1·01; 95 % CI (1·00, 1·02)); ORΔnuts 1·08; 95 % CI (1·01, 1·16)). Furthermore, the substitution of added sugars, nuts and processed meat at dinner with breakfast could reduce the OR of hypercholesterolaemia. This study indicated that among US adults, overconsumption of energy, macronutrients including low-quality carbohydrates and plant protein at dinner than breakfast was significantly associated with a higher risk of prevalent hypercholesterolaemia. The replacing of added sugar, nuts and processed meat at dinner with breakfast reduced the risk of prevalent hypercholesterolaemia. This study emphasised the importance of meal timing in the prevention of hypercholesterolaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Li
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianshu Han
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyan Chen
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxu Xu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Ma
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Hou
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhao Sun
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
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Vajdi M, Karimi A, Tousi AZ, Hosseini B, Nikniaz Z, Farhangi MA. Association between plant-based diets and metabolic syndrome in obese adults from Iran: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:109. [PMID: 37193979 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common chronic disease with several complications. Given that, studies on the association of plant-based diet indices (PDIs) with risk of MetS among adults with obesity, are limited, we aimed to examine the association between PDIs (including overall PDI, healthy PDI (hPDI), unhealthy PDI (uPDI)) and MetS in Iranian adults with obesity. METHODS In Tabriz, Iran, a total of 347 adults between the ages of 20 and 50 participated in this cross-sectional research study. We created an overall PDI, hPDI, and uPDI from validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data. To investigate the association between hPDI, overall PDI, uPDI, and MetS and its components, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS The average age was 40.78 ± 9.23 years, and the average body mass index was 32.62 ± 4.80 kg/m2. There was no significant association between overall PDI (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.54-1.47), hPDI (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.48-1.40), and uPDI (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.87-2.46) with MetS, even after adjustment for confounders. Moreover, our findings showed that participants with the highest adherence to uPDI had a higher chance of hyperglycemia (OR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.13-5.52). Also, this association was significant in the first (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.04-6.04) and second (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.05-6.33) models, after controlling for covariates. However, in both adjusted and crude models, we did not find a significant association between hPDI and PDI scores and MetS components such as high triglyceride, high waist circumference, low High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, raised blood pressure, and hyperglycemia. Moreover, those in the top tertile of uPDI had higher fasting blood sugar and insulin levels when compared with those in the first tertile, and subjects in the last tertile of hPDI compared with participants in the first tertile had lower weight, waist-to-hip ratio, and fat-free mass. CONCLUSION We found a direct significant association between uPDI and odds of hyperglycemia in the whole population of study. Future large-scale, prospective studies on PDIs and the MetS are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Vajdi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arash Karimi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayda Zahiri Tousi
- Razavi Cancer Research Center, Razavi Hospital, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Babak Hosseini
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nikniaz
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Neyshabouri, Daneshgah Blv, Tabriz, Iran.
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Sain J, Scanarotti IG, Gerstner CD, Fariña AC, Lavandera JV, Bernal CA. Enriched functional milk fat ameliorates glucose intolerance and triacylglycerol accumulation in skeletal muscle of rats fed high-fat diets. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1535-1550. [PMID: 36708376 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the effect of a functional milk fat (FMF) on the glucose metabolism and its association with the intramuscular triacylglycerol (TAG) content in rats fed high-fat diets. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed for 60 days with S7 (soybean oil 7%), S30 (soybean oil 30%), MF30 (soybean oil 3% + milk fat 27%), or FMF30 (soybean oil 3% + FMF 27%) diets. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed. The levels of key metabolites in gastrocnemius muscle and mRNA levels of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in muscle, epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT), and serum were assessed. RESULTS The S30 diet induced glucose intolerance and led to TAG, citrate, and glucose accumulation in muscle. Moreover, we observed a downregulation of uncoupling proteins (Ucp2 and Ucp3) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (Irs1) genes, lower carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1b (CPT-1b), and phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) activities in muscle and lower expression of adiponectin (Adipoq) in EWAT. The FMF30 diet ameliorated the glucose intolerance and normalized the glucose and TAG levels in muscle, preventing the accumulation of citrate and enhancing glucose utilization by the PFK1. The beneficial effects might also be related to the higher expression of Adipoq in EWAT, its receptor in muscle (Adipor1), and the expression of Ucp2, Ucp3, and Irs1 in muscle, restoring the alterations observed with the S30 diet. CONCLUSIONS FMF30 modulated key genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, improving the glucose utilization and preventing TAG, glucose, and citrate accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Sain
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Gabriel Scanarotti
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carolina Daniela Gerstner
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana Clara Fariña
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jimena Verónica Lavandera
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio Adrián Bernal
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Lotfi M, Nouri M, Turki Jalil A, Rezaianzadeh A, Babajafari S, Ghoddusi Johari M, Faghih S. Plant-based diets could ameliorate the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in adults with chronic diseases. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1297-1308. [PMID: 36911818 PMCID: PMC10002912 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherence to plant-based diets is recommended to prevent and control chronic diseases. However, not all plant-based foods are healthy for this purpose. This study investigated the relationship between plant-based diets and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in adults with chronic diseases. This cross-sectional study was performed on 3678 males and females (age range: 40-70 years) with chronic diseases who participated in the Kharameh cohort study. A validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI). Lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood pressure, and anthropometric indices were measured. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between plant-based diets and CVDs risk factors. Higher adherence to the PDI was inversely associated with the level of FBS (odds ratio [OR] = 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33-0.53; p < .001). A significant decrease was observed for total cholesterol in those with higher adherence to hPDI (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.65-0.98; p = .035). Additionally, the score of uPDI was positively related to FBS (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.00-1.53; p = .01), total cholesterol (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01-1.49; p = .061), and low-density lipoprotein (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.13-1.71; p = .009). It was concluded that adherence to PDI and hPDI was related to a lower level of FBS and total cholesterol, respectively. Moreover, the findings suggested that regular intake of the uPDI was correlated with some risk factors for CVDs in adults with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Lotfi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food ScienceShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Students' Research CommitteeShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | | | - Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health and NutritionShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Siavash Babajafari
- Nutrition research center, Department of Clinical NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | | | - Shiva Faghih
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food ScienceShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Nutrition Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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O'Connor G, Edel L, Raquq S, Bowerman M, Szmurlo A, Simpson Z, Hardy I, Fewtrell M, Baranello G. Open-labelled study to monitor the effect of an amino acid formula on symptom management in children with spinal muscular atrophy type I: The SMAAF pilot study. Nutr Clin Pract 2022. [PMID: 36504203 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of families with children who have spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are incorporating a special amino acid diet into their child's feeding regimens. Characteristics of the diet include high-carbohydrate and low-fat content with added probiotics. However, because of insufficient evidenced-based research, clinicians are unable to prescribe or endorse this diet. Our aim was to assess the tolerability of an adapted version of the traditional amino acid diet in children with SMA type I. METHODS Children with SMA type I were recruited if they were enterally fed and experienced at least one gastrointestinal symptom (reflux, vomiting, constipation, and/or diarrhea). Children were transitioned to an amino acid formula (Neocate Syneo-Nutricia) for 8 weeks. Feeding tolerance was measured weekly by telephone consultation to monitor reflux, vomiting, stool consistency, and frequency. RESULTS Fourteen children were recruited, the mean age was 4.1 years (±1.2 SD), and 64% of participants were female. The mean resting energy expenditure determined by indirect calorimetry was 51.5 kcal/kg (±7 SD). The most common gastrointestinal complaint before switching to the amino acid formula was constipation, which was reported in 12 of 14 (85%) patients, of which 10 of the 12 (83%) children required daily stool softeners/laxatives to help regulate bowel function. After 8 weeks on the amino acid formula, 10 out of 12 (83%) children stopped or reduced constipation medication. CONCLUSION Children with SMA type I who display gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation and reflux may benefit from an amino acid formula that is fortified with probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme O'Connor
- Dietetic Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lisa Edel
- Physiotherapy Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah Raquq
- Developmental Neuroscience Research & Teaching Department, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Melissa Bowerman
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK
| | - Agnieszka Szmurlo
- Dietetic Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Zoe Simpson
- Dietetic Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Isobel Hardy
- Dietetic Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mary Fewtrell
- Population, Policy & Practice Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Baranello
- Developmental Neuroscience Research & Teaching Department, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Yang B, Glenn AJ, Liu Q, Madsen T, Allison MA, Shikany JM, Manson JE, Chan KHK, Wu WC, Li J, Liu S, Lo K. Added Sugar, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative and a Network Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:4226. [PMID: 36296910 PMCID: PMC9609206 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Much remains unknown about the role of added sugar in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the relative contributions of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) or artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) to CVD risk. Among the 109,034 women who participated in Women's Health Initiative, we assessed average intakes of added sugar, SSB and ASB, and conducted Cox regression to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals for CVD risk. The consistency of findings was compared to a network meta-analysis of all available cohorts. During an average of 17.4 years of follow-up, 11,597 cases of total CVD (nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease (CHD) death, stroke, coronary revascularization, and/or incident heart failure) were confirmed. Added sugar as % energy intake daily (%EAS) at ≥15.0% was positively associated with total CVD (HR = 1.08 [1.01, 1.15]) and CHD (HR = 1.20 [1.09, 1.32]). There was also a higher risk of total CVD associated with ≥1 serving of SSB intake per day (HR = 1.29 [1.17, 1.42]), CHD (1.35 [1.16, 1.57]), and total stroke (1.30 [1.10, 1.53]). Similarly, ASB intake was associated with an increased risk of CVD (1.14 [1.03, 1.26]) and stroke (1.24 [1.04, 1.48]). According to the network meta-analysis, there was a large amount of heterogeneity across studies, showing no consistent pattern implicating added sugar, ASB, or SSB in CVD outcomes. A diet containing %EAS ≥15.0% and consuming ≥1 serving of SSB or ASB may be associated with a higher CVD incidence. The relative contribution of added sugar, SSB, and ASB to CVD risk warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Global Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510030, China
- Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Andrea J. Glenn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Tracy Madsen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Matthew A. Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James M. Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kei Hang Katie Chan
- Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Global Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510030, China
- Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Global Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510030, China
- Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Kenneth Lo
- Global Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510030, China
- Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
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9
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Lyu Y, Liu D, Nguyen P, Peters I, Heilmann RM, Fievez V, Hemeryck LY, Hesta M. Differences in Metabolic Profiles of Healthy Dogs Fed a High-Fat vs. a High-Starch Diet. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:801863. [PMID: 35252418 PMCID: PMC8891928 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.801863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a common problem in dogs and overconsumption of energy-rich foods is a key factor. This study compared the inflammatory response and fecal metabolome of dogs fed a high-fat vs. a high-starch diet. Ten healthy lean adult beagles were equally allocated into two groups in a cross-over design. Each group received two diets in which fat (horse fat) and starch (pregelatinized corn starch) were exchanged in an isocaloric way to compare high fat vs. high starch. There was a tendency to increase the glucose and glycine concentrations and the glucose/insulin ratio in the blood in dogs fed with the high-fat diet, whereas there was a decrease in the level of Non-esterified fatty acids and a tendency to decrease the alanine level in dogs fed with the high-starch diet. Untargeted analysis of the fecal metabolome revealed 10 annotated metabolites of interest, including L-methionine, which showed a higher abundance in dogs fed the high-starch diet. Five other metabolites were upregulated in dogs fed the high-fat diet, but could not be annotated. The obtained results indicate that a high-starch diet, compared to a high-fat diet, may promote lipid metabolism, anti-oxidative effects, protein biosynthesis and catabolism, mucosal barrier function, and immunomodulation in healthy lean dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lyu
- ECAN Equine and Companion Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Daisy Liu
- ECAN Equine and Companion Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Patrick Nguyen
- Nutrition, Physiopathology and Pharmacology Unit, National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France
| | - Iain Peters
- SYNLAB VPG, Exeter Science Park, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Romy M. Heilmann
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Veerle Fievez
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieselot Y. Hemeryck
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Myriam Hesta
| | - Myriam Hesta
- ECAN Equine and Companion Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Lieselot Y. Hemeryck
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10
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Vashishth K, Singh SK, Jain A, Bhatia A, Sharma YP. Pathological involvement of apoptotic and inflammatory molecules in cardiovascular remodeling in rats on high fructose diet‐induced metabolic syndrome. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14107. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanupriya Vashishth
- Department of Cardiology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
| | - Sumit K. Singh
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - Annish Jain
- Department of Cardiology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
| | - Yash P. Sharma
- Department of Cardiology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
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11
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Ahmad A, Isherwood C, Umpleby M, Griffin B. Effects of High and Low Sugar Diets on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:S18-S24. [PMID: 33612591 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.s18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that a high sugar intake was associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and metabolic syndrome depending on the amount of carbohydrate (CHO), other nutrients in foods, and underlying metabolic disturbances. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high (HS) and low sugar (LS) diets on metabolic profiles in 25 middle-aged men at increased CVD risk in a 12-week randomised cross-over intervention study. An isocaloric dietary exchanged model consisted of HS (24% energy from sugar) and LS (6% energy from sugar) with comparable total CHO, fat and fibre composition in normal foods was used. Anthropometric, blood pressure and plasma lipid profile were measured pre- and post-intervention. Body weight, waist circumference and fat mass increased and decreased significantly after HS (by 0.7±0.3 kg, 1.4±1.0 cm and 0.5±0.3 kg) and LS (by 2.1±0.5 kg, 2.0±0.8 cm and 1.4±0.3 kg) (p<0.05), respectively. Plasma TG increased significantly after HS by 0.26±0.07 mmol/L and decreased after LS by 0.35±0.16 mmol/L. Plasma HDL decreased by 0.11±0.03 mmol/L (p<0.05) after HS, whilst, plasma TC and LDL decreased significantly by 10% after LS. There was no significant change in other parameters after either diet. This study confirmed that a diet with a greater proportion of sugar increased CVD risk via negative changes in metabolic profiles including body weight, waist circumference and lipid parameters, whereas LS produced the positive effects. A restriction of sugar intake to lower than 10% energy intake is vital to reduce CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryati Ahmad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin.,Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey
| | | | - Margot Umpleby
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey
| | - Bruce Griffin
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey
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12
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Kim H, Lee K, Rebholz CM, Kim J. Plant-based diets and incident metabolic syndrome: Results from a South Korean prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003371. [PMID: 33206633 PMCID: PMC7673569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have shown that plant-based diets are associated with lower risk of cardiovascular risk factors and incident cardiovascular disease, but risks differed by quality of plant-based diets. No prospective studies have evaluated the associations between different types of plant-based diets and incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) and components of MetS. Furthermore, limited evidence exists in Asian populations who have habitually consumed a diet rich in plant foods for a long period of time. METHODS AND FINDINGS Analyses were based on a community-based cohort of 5,646 men and women (40-69 years of age at baseline) living in Ansan and Ansung, South Korea (2001-2016) without MetS and related chronic diseases at baseline. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Using the responses in the questionnaire, we calculated 4 plant-based diet indices (overall plant-based diet index [PDI], healthful plant-based diet index [hPDI], unhealthful plant-based diet index [uPDI], and pro-vegetarian diet index). Higher PDI score represented greater consumption of all types of plant foods regardless of healthiness. Higher hPDI score represented greater consumption of healthy plant foods (whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, tea and coffee) and lower consumption of less-healthy plant foods (refined grains, potatoes, sugar-sweetened beverages, sweets, salty foods). Higher uPDI represented lower consumption of healthy plant foods and greater consumption of less-healthy plant foods. Similar to PDI, higher pro-vegetarian diet score represented greater consumption of plant foods but included only selected plant foods (grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, potatoes). Higher scores in all plant-based diet indices represented lower consumption of animal foods (animal fat, dairy, eggs, fish/seafood, meat). Over a median follow-up of 8 years, 2,583 participants developed incident MetS. Individuals in the highest versus lowest quintile of uPDI had 50% higher risk of developing incident MetS, adjusting for demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.50, 95% CI 1.31-1.71, P-trend < 0.001). When we further adjusted for body mass index (BMI), those in the highest quintile of uPDI had 24%-46% higher risk of 4 out of 5 individual components of MetS (abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein [HDL], and elevated blood pressure) (P-trend for all tests ≤ 0.001). Greater adherence to PDI was associated with lower risk of elevated fasting glucose (HR: 0.80, 95% CI 0.70-0.92, P-trend = 0.003). No consistent associations were observed for other plant-based diet indices and MetS. Limitations of the study may include potential measurement error in self-reported dietary intake, inability to classify a few plant foods as healthy and less-healthy, lack of data on vegetable oil intake, and possibility of residual confounding. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed that greater adherence to diets consisting of a high intake of refined carbohydrates, sugars, and salty foods in the framework of plant-based diets was associated with an elevated risk of MetS. These results suggest that considering the quality of plant foods is important for prevention of MetS in a population that habitually consumes plant foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kyueun Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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13
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Ebbeling CB, Feldman HA, Steltz SK, Quinn NL, Robinson LM, Ludwig DS. Effects of Sugar-Sweetened, Artificially Sweetened, and Unsweetened Beverages on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Body Composition, and Sweet Taste Preference: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015668. [PMID: 32696704 PMCID: PMC7792240 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background A 2018 American Heart Association science advisory indicated that, pending further research, artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) may be an appropriate initial replacement for sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) during transition to unsweetened beverages (USBs). Methods and Results We randomly assigned 203 adults (121 males, 82 females; 91.6% retention), who habitually consumed SSBs, to 3 groups and delivered free SSBs, ASBs, or USBs to their homes for 12 months. Outcomes included serum triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (primary), body weight, and sweet taste preference (experimental assessment, 0%–18% sucrose solutions). Change in serum triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was not different between groups. Although overall change in weight also was not different between groups, we found effect modification (P=0.006) by central adiposity. Among participants in the highest tertile of baseline trunk fat but not other tertiles, weight gain was greater (P=0.002) for the SSB (4.4±1.0 kg, estimate±SE) compared with ASB (0.5±0.9 kg) or USB (−0.2±0.9 kg) group. Both sweetness threshold (–1.0±0.2% m/v; P=0.005) and favorite concentration (–2.3±0.4% m/v; P<0.0001) decreased in the USB group; neither changed in the SSB group. In the ASB group, sweetness threshold did not change, and favorite concentration decreased (–1.1±0.5% m/v; P=0.02). Pairwise comparison between the ASB and USB groups indicated a difference in sweetness threshold (P=0.015). Conclusions Replacing SSBs with noncaloric beverages for 12 months did not affect serum triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. Among individuals with central adiposity, replacing SSBs with either ASBs or USBs lowered body weight. However, USBs may have the most favorable effect on sweet taste preference. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; unique identifier: NCT01295671.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara B Ebbeling
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA
| | - Henry A Feldman
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA
| | - Sarah K Steltz
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA
| | - Nicolle L Quinn
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA
| | | | - David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA
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14
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Aumueller N, Gruszfeld D, Gradowska K, Escribano J, Ferré N, Martin F, Poncelet P, Verduci E, ReDionigi A, Koletzko B, Grote V. Influence of total sugar intake on metabolic blood markers at 8 years of age in the Childhood Obesity Project. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:435-442. [PMID: 32377804 PMCID: PMC7867537 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to characterize the association of dietary sugar intake with blood lipids and glucose-related markers in childhood. Methods Data from the multicentric European Childhood Obesity Project Trial were used. Three-day weighed dietary records were obtained at 8 years of age along with serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose, and insulin. Total sugar intake comprised all mono- and disaccharides; different sugar sources were defined. Linear regression models were applied to investigate the cross-sectional association of total sugar intake with blood lipids and glucose-related markers with adjustment for total energy intake using the residual method. Results Data were available for 325 children. Children consumed on average 332 kcal (SD 110) and 21% (SD 6) of energy from total sugar. In an energy-adjusted model, an increase of 100 kcal from total sugar per day was significantly associated with a z score HDL-C decrease (− 0.14; 95% CI − 0.01, − 0.27; p value = 0.031). Concerning different food groups of total sugar intake, 100 kcal total sugar from sweetened beverages was negatively associated with z score HDL-C (− 1.67; 95% CI − 0.42, − 2.91; p value = 0.009), while total sugar from milk products was positively related to z score HDL-C (1.38, 95% CI 0.03, 2.72; p value = 0.045). None of the other blood lipids or glucose-related markers showed a significant relationship with total sugar intake. Conclusion Increasing dietary total sugar intake in children, especially from sweetened beverages, was associated with unfavorable effects on HDL-C, which might increase the long-term risk for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Clinical trial registry ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00338689; Registered: June 19, 2006. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00338689?term=NCT00338689&rank=1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02229-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Aumueller
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Dariusz Gruszfeld
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Gradowska
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joaquín Escribano
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Natalia Ferré
- Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | | | | | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Peadiatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice ReDionigi
- Department of Peadiatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Veit Grote
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
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15
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Carroll HA, Chen Y, Templeman IS, Wharton P, Reeves S, Trim WV, Chowdhury EA, Brunstrom JM, Rogers PJ, Thompson D, James LJ, Johnson L, Betts JA. Effect of Plain Versus Sugar-Sweetened Breakfast on Energy Balance and Metabolic Health: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:740-748. [PMID: 32108442 PMCID: PMC7154643 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of 3 weeks of high-sugar ("Sweet") versus low-sugar ("Plain") breakfast on energy balance, metabolic health, and appetite. METHODS A total of 29 healthy adults (22 women) completed this randomized crossover study. Participants had pre- and postintervention appetite, health, and body mass outcomes measured, and they recorded diet, appetite (visual analogue scales), and physical activity for 8 days during each intervention. Interventions were 3 weeks of isoenergetic Sweet (30% by weight added sugar; average 32 g of sugar) versus Plain (no added sugar; average 8 g of sugar) porridge-based breakfasts. RESULTS Pre- to postintervention changes in body mass were similar between Plain (Δ 0.1 kg; 95% CI: -0.3 to 0.5 kg) and Sweet (Δ 0.2 kg; 95% CI: -0.2 to 0.5 kg), as were pre- to postintervention changes for biomarkers of health (all P ≥ 0.101) and psychological appetite (all P ≥ 0.152). Energy, fat, and protein intake was not statistically different between conditions. Total carbohydrate intake was higher during Sweet (287 ± 82 g/d vs. 256 ± 73 g/d; P = 0.009), driven more by higher sugar intake at breakfast (116 ± 46 g/d vs. 88 ± 38 g/d; P < 0.001) than post-breakfast sugar intake (Sweet 84 ± 42 g/d vs. Plain 80 ± 37 g/d; P = 0.552). Participants reported reduced sweet desire immediately after Sweet but not Plain breakfasts (trial × time P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Energy balance, health markers, and appetite did not respond differently to 3 weeks of high- or low-sugar breakfasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet A. Carroll
- Department for HealthUniversity of BathBathUK
- Rowett InstituteUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Yung‐Chih Chen
- Department of Physical EducationNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning ScienceNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Phoebe Wharton
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Sue Reeves
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - Peter J. Rogers
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Lewis J. James
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Laura Johnson
- School for Policy StudiesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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16
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Aberrant expression of miRNA profiles in high-fat and high-sucrose fed rats. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Miaffo D, Ntchapda F, Wansi SL, Kamani Poualeu SL, Kamanyi A. Aqueous extract of Combretum molle boughs ameliorates hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidemia in sucrose-induced insulin resistant rats. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/jhp.2019.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Combretum molle R.B/G.Don (Combretaceae) is distributed especially in tropical Africa and used in treatment various diseases including diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract from C. molle boughs (CMAE) on hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in insulin resistant rats. Methods: Animals were divided into 5 groups and treated for 30 days. Control group received distilled water, sucrose group received 30% sucrose, standard group received 30% sucrose plus metformin (40 mg/kg), and others groups received 30% sucrose plus CMAE (250 and 500 mg/kg). Body weight, food and water intake were evaluated each 10 days for 30 days. Glucose tolerance test was performed on the 30th day of the experiment. Later on, animals were sacrificed and blood was collected for the determination of the concentration of glucose, lipids and insulin. Results: The body weight and food intake of the rats receiving 500 mg/kg of extract decreased significantly on the 30th day of the experiment. CMAE caused a significant reduction of insulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared to the sucrose lot. However, the extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) showed a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CMAE induced a significant decrease in postprandial glycaemia. Conclusion: CMAE improved postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in insulin resistant rats.Consequently, CMAE may be able to delay onset of insulin resistance, and reduce the risks and complications of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Miaffo
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, Far North Region, Cameroon
| | - Fidele Ntchapda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Adamaoua Region, Cameroon
| | - Sylvie Lea Wansi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, West Region, Cameroon
| | | | - Albert Kamanyi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, West Region, Cameroon
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18
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Hoyas I, Leon-Sanz M. Nutritional Challenges in Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1301. [PMID: 31450565 PMCID: PMC6780536 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a combination of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Different diagnostic criteria were proposed, but a consensus was reached in 2009 based on values of waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glycemia, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. The main underlying etiologic factor is insulin resistance. The quality and quantity of individual macronutrients have an influence on the development and resolution of this syndrome. However, the main treatment goal is weight loss and a decrease in insulin resistance. A controlled energy dietary recommendation, together with moderate levels of physical activity, may positively change the parameters of MetS. However, there is no single dietary or exercise prescription that works for all patients. Dietary patterns such as Mediterranean-style, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), low-carbohydrate, and low-fat diets can ameliorate insulin resistance and MetS. Long-term adherence to a healthy lifestyle is key in assuring that individuals significantly reduce the risk of CVD and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Hoyas
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doce de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Chong CP, Shahar S, Haron H, Din NC. Habitual sugar intake and cognitive impairment among multi-ethnic Malaysian older adults. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:1331-1342. [PMID: 31413554 PMCID: PMC6662517 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s211534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sugar is widely consumed in Malaysia, and the excessive intake of sugar has been associated with cognitive functions. However, the association between sugar intake and cognitive impairment among Malaysian older adults is yet to be determined. Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between types and sources of sugar intake and cognitive functions and to identify their risk in predicting cognitive impairment (MMSE score <24). Subjects and methods: A total of 1,209 subjects aged ≥60 years were recruited through multi-stage random sampling from selected states in Malaysia. Dietary intake was derived using a 7-day dietary history questionnaire and supplemented with a quantitative food frequency questionnaire for added sugar intake. Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment as defined by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) less than 24 was 31.9%, while the prevalence of mild cognitive
impairment was 13.1%. The median (IQR) for total sugar intake was 44.60 g/day (26.21–68.81) or 8 tsp, and free sugar intake was 33.08 g/day (17.48–57.26) or 6 tsp. The higher intake of total sugars, free sugars, sucrose, lactose, sugar-sweetened beverages, sugar-sweetened cakes, and dessert was found to be significantly associated with a lower MMSE score, after adjusting for covariates. On the other hand, the consumption of cooked dishes and fruits was significantly associated with a better MMSE score. The adjusted OR for risk of cognitive impairment (MMSE score <24) was 3.30 (95% CI 2.15–5.08) for total sugars and 3.58 (95% CI 2.32–5.52) for free sugars, comparing the highest with the lowest intake percentiles. Conclusion: Excessive sugar consumption among older adults showed a notable association with poor cognitive functions, but longitudinal studies and clinical trials are further needed to clarify the direction of causality and to investigate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Chong
- Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Shahar
- Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H Haron
- Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Che Din
- Psychology Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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Rentería-Ramos R, Hurtado-Heredia R, Urdinola BP. Morbi-Mortality of the Victims of Internal Conflict and Poor Population in the Risaralda Province, Colombia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1644. [PMID: 31083523 PMCID: PMC6540234 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This work studies the health status of two populations similar in most social and environmental interactions but one: the individuals from one population are victims of an internal armed conflict. Both populations are located in the Risaralda province, Colombia and the data for this study results from a combination of administrative records from the health system, between 2011 and 2016. We implemented a methodology based on graph theory that defines the system as a set of heterogeneous social actors, including individuals as well as organizations, embedded in a biological environment. The model of analysis uses the diagnoses in medical records to detect morbidity and mortality patterns for each individual (ego-networks), and assumes that these patterns contain relevant information about the effects of the actions of social actors, in a given environment, on the status of health. The analysis of the diagnoses and causes of specific mortality, following the Social Network Analysis framework, shows similar morbidity and mortality rates for both populations. However, the diagnoses' patterns show that victims portray broader interactions between diagnoses, including mental and behavioral disorders, due to the hardships of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rentería-Ramos
- Departments of Physics and Statistics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 Bogotá, Colombia.
- School of Basic Sciences, Technologies and Engineering, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | - B Piedad Urdinola
- Department of Statistics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 Bogotá, Colombia.
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21
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Vázquez CMP, Costa JO, Bomfim LGS, Pires LV, da Silva DG, Fukutani KF, de Jesus AR, de Jesus Silva N, de Jesus Santana G, de Moura TR, Barbosa K. Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and Triggering Receptor-Expressed Myeloid Cell (TREM-1) Levels Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk in Nonobese, Clinically Healthy, and Young Adults. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7306867. [PMID: 30944697 PMCID: PMC6421781 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7306867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative and inflammatory substances play an important role in the genesis of processes related to cardiometabolic risk. High levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and of triggering receptor-expressed myeloid cells (TREM-1) are associated with cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we evaluate the association of the plasma concentrations of Ox-LDL and serum levels of circulating TREM-1 (sTREM-1) with the components of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and other associated risk parameters. Although the individuals in this study were young, nonobese, and did not have signs, symptoms, and diagnosis of diseases, they already presented components of CMR. Ox-LDL lipid fraction correlated positively with CMR-related markers: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, total cholesterol, LDL-c, VLDL-c, triglycerides, atherogenic cholesterol, and atherogenic index. Among these parameters, atherogenic cholesterol had a greater predictive effect for Ox-LDL alterations. Individuals with higher serum concentrations of sTREM-1 presented higher values for BMI, WC, triglycerides, VLDL-c, and atherogenic cholesterol. WC showed an effect on the association between the sTREM-1's inflammatory response and the components of CMR. The association of oxidative and inflammatory markers with anthropometric parameters and atherogenic cholesterol in nonobese, clinically healthy, and young individuals suggests the importance of early evaluation of these markers in order to prevent future cardiac events.
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Tasevska N, Pettinger M, Kipnis V, Midthune D, Tinker LF, Potischman N, Neuhouser ML, Beasley JM, Van Horn L, Howard BV, Liu S, Manson JE, Shikany JM, Thomson CA, Prentice RL. Associations of Biomarker-Calibrated Intake of Total Sugars With the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:2126-2135. [PMID: 29868784 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inconsistent findings from epidemiologic studies relating total sugars (TS) consumption to cardiovascular disease (CVD) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk may be partly due to measurement error in self-reported intake. Using regression calibration equations developed based on the predictive biomarker for TS and recovery biomarker for energy, we examined the association of TS with T2D and CVD risk, before and after dietary calibration, in 82,254 postmenopausal women participating in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. After up to 16 years of follow-up (1993-2010), 6,621 T2D and 5,802 CVD incident cases were identified. The hazard ratio for T2D per 20% increase in calibrated TS was 0.94 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77, 1.15) in multivariable energy substitution, and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.18) in energy partition models. Multivariable hazard ratios for total CVD were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.09) from energy substitution, and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.04) from energy partition models. Uncalibrated TS generated a statistically significant inverse association with T2D and total CVD risk in multivariable energy substitution and energy partition models. The lack of conclusive findings from our calibrated analyses may be due to the low explanatory power of the calibration equations for TS, which could have led to incomplete deattenuation of the risk estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Tasevska
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Mary Pettinger
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Victor Kipnis
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Douglas Midthune
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nancy Potischman
- Population Studies Program, National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeannette M Beasley
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovation, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Simin Liu
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Ramos-Lopez O, Panduro A, Rivera-Iñiguez I, Roman S. Dopamine D2 receptor polymorphism (C957T) is associated with sugar consumption and triglyceride levels in West Mexicans. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:532-537. [PMID: 30008437 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variations in the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) may alter dopamine signaling and modify the rewarding effects of food. This study aimed to analyze the association of the C957T DRD2 polymorphism with sugar consumption in West Mexican subjects. In a cross-sectional and analytical study, a total of 215 Mexican subjects were enrolled. DRD2 genotyping was performed by an allelic discrimination assay. Habitual dietary intake and the biochemical profile were evaluated. Genotype frequencies of the C957T DRD2 polymorphism were CC (12.1%), CT (40.9%) and TT (47.0%). Carriers of the CC genotype had a higher intake of sugar (g/day) than heterozygotes (67.4 g vs. 41.3 g, p = 0.001) and TT homozygotes (67.4 g vs. 45.2 g, p = 0.004). Also, the habitual consumption of soda (daily or at least 3 times per week) was more frequent among CC genotype carriers compared with heterozygotes (81% vs. 51%, p = 7.5 × 10-6) and TT homozygotes (81% vs. 57%, p = 2.4 × 10-4). Furthermore, the CC genotype was associated with elevated serum triglyceride levels (>150 mg/dL) than the CT genotype (OR = 2.80, 95% CI 1.08-7.24, p = 0.034). In conclusion, our results suggest a genetic background associated with sugar consumption among West Mexicans, which may contribute to increases in serum triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Arturo Panduro
- Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ingrid Rivera-Iñiguez
- Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sonia Roman
- Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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24
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MacDougall CR, Hill CE, Jahren AH, Savla J, Riebl SK, Hedrick VE, Raynor HA, Dunsmore JC, Frisard MI, Davy BM. The δ13C Value of Fingerstick Blood Is a Valid, Reliable, and Sensitive Biomarker of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake in Children and Adolescents. J Nutr 2018; 148:147-152. [PMID: 29378049 PMCID: PMC6251656 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reliance on self-reported dietary intake methods is a commonly cited research limitation, and dietary misreporting is a particular problem in children and adolescents. Objective indicators of dietary intake, such as dietary biomarkers, are needed to overcome this research limitation. The added sugar (AS) biomarker δ13C, which measures the relative abundance of 13C to 12C, has demonstrated preliminary validity in adults. Objective The purpose of this investigation was to determine the comparative validity, test-retest reliability, and sensitivity of the δ13C biomarker to detect AS and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake using fingerstick blood samples in children and adolescents. Methods Children (aged 6-11 y, n = 126, 56% male, mean ± SD age: 9 ± 2 y) and adolescents (aged 12-18 y, n = 200, 44% male, mean ± SD age: 15 ± 2 y) completed 4 testing sessions within a 3-wk period. Participants' height, weight, demographic characteristics, and health history were determined at the first session; 24-h recalls were obtained at each visit and fingerstick blood samples were collected at visits 1 and 3. Samples were analyzed for δ13C value using natural abundance stable isotope mass spectrometry. δ13C value was compared with dietary outcomes in the full sample, and in child and adolescent subgroups. t Tests and correlational analyses were used to assess biomarker validity and reliability, whereas logistic regression and area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC) were used to evaluate sensitivity. Results Reported mean ± SD AS consumption was 82.2 ± 35.8 g/d and 329 ± 143 kcal/d, and SSB consumption was 222 ± 243 mL/d and 98 ± 103 kcal/d. Mean δ13C value was -19.65 ± 0.69‰, and was lower in children than in adolescents (-19.80 ± 0.67‰ compared with -19.56 ± 0.67‰, P = 0.002). δ13C values were similar across sessions (visit 1: -19.66 ± 0.68‰; visit 3: -19.64 ± 0.68‰; r = 0.99, P < 0.001) and were associated (P < 0.001) with intake of total AS (grams, kilocalories: r = 0.29) and SSB (milliliters, kilocalories: r = 0.35). The biomarker was able to better discriminate between high and low SSB consumers than high and low AS consumers, as demonstrated by the AUC (0.75 and 0.62, respectively). Conclusions The δ13C biomarker is a promising, minimally invasive, objective biomarker of SSB intake in children and adolescents. Further evaluation using controlled feeding designs is warranted. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02455388.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly R MacDougall
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Catelyn E Hill
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | - Jyoti Savla
- Department of Human Development, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Shaun K Riebl
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Valisa E Hedrick
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Hollie A Raynor
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN
| | | | - Madlyn I Frisard
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Brenda M Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
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Jung CH, Choi KM. Impact of High-Carbohydrate Diet on Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040322. [PMID: 28338608 PMCID: PMC5409661 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), whether dietary carbohydrates have beneficial or detrimental effects on cardiometabolic risk factors has drawn attention. Although a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet and a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet have gained popularity for several decades, there is scarce review focusing on the effects of HC diet on glucose, lipids and body weight in patients with T2DM. In this review, we examined recently-published literature on the effects of HC diets on metabolic parameters in T2DM. HC diets are at least as effective as LC diets, leading to significant weight loss and a reduction in plasma glucose, HbA1c and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The major concern is that HC diets may raise serum triglyceride levels and reduce high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, these untoward effects were not a persistent consequence and may be ameliorated with the consumption of a low glycemic index (GI)/low glycemic load (GL) and high fiber. Carbohydrate intake should be individualized, and low caloric intake remains a crucial factor to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce body weight; however, an HC diet, rich in fiber and with a low GI/GL, may be recommendable in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Hee Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-Ro, Wonmi-Gu, Bucheon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 420-767, Korea.
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 80 Guro-Dong, Guro-Gu, Seoul 152-050, Korea.
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26
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Rippe JM, Sievenpiper JL, Lê KA, White JS, Clemens R, Angelopoulos TJ. What is the appropriate upper limit for added sugars consumption? Nutr Rev 2017; 75:18-36. [PMID: 27974597 PMCID: PMC5916235 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dramatic increases in obesity and diabetes have occurred worldwide over the past 30 years. Some investigators have suggested that these increases may be due, in part, to increased added sugars consumption. Several scientific organizations, including the World Health Organization, the Scientific Advisory Council on Nutrition, the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee 2015, and the American Heart Association, have recommended significant restrictions on upper limits of sugars consumption. In this review, the scientific evidence related to sugars consumption and its putative link to various chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and the metabolic syndrome is examined. While it appears prudent to avoid excessive calories from sugars, the scientific basis for restrictive guidelines is far from settled.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Rippe
- J.M. Rippe is with the Rippe Lifestyle Institute, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA; and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA. J.L. Sievenpiper is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital; the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital; the Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St Michael's Hospital; and the Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. K.-A. Lê is with Nestec Ltd, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland. J.S. White is with White Technical Research, Argenta, Illinois, USA. R. Clemens is with the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California; and the International Center for Regulatory Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. T.J. Angelopoulos is with the School of Health Sciences, Emory and Henry College, Emory, Virginia, USA.
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- J.M. Rippe is with the Rippe Lifestyle Institute, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA; and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA. J.L. Sievenpiper is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital; the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital; the Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St Michael's Hospital; and the Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. K.-A. Lê is with Nestec Ltd, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland. J.S. White is with White Technical Research, Argenta, Illinois, USA. R. Clemens is with the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California; and the International Center for Regulatory Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. T.J. Angelopoulos is with the School of Health Sciences, Emory and Henry College, Emory, Virginia, USA
| | - Kim-Anne Lê
- J.M. Rippe is with the Rippe Lifestyle Institute, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA; and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA. J.L. Sievenpiper is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital; the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital; the Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St Michael's Hospital; and the Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. K.-A. Lê is with Nestec Ltd, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland. J.S. White is with White Technical Research, Argenta, Illinois, USA. R. Clemens is with the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California; and the International Center for Regulatory Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. T.J. Angelopoulos is with the School of Health Sciences, Emory and Henry College, Emory, Virginia, USA
| | - John S White
- J.M. Rippe is with the Rippe Lifestyle Institute, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA; and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA. J.L. Sievenpiper is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital; the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital; the Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St Michael's Hospital; and the Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. K.-A. Lê is with Nestec Ltd, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland. J.S. White is with White Technical Research, Argenta, Illinois, USA. R. Clemens is with the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California; and the International Center for Regulatory Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. T.J. Angelopoulos is with the School of Health Sciences, Emory and Henry College, Emory, Virginia, USA
| | - Roger Clemens
- J.M. Rippe is with the Rippe Lifestyle Institute, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA; and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA. J.L. Sievenpiper is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital; the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital; the Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St Michael's Hospital; and the Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. K.-A. Lê is with Nestec Ltd, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland. J.S. White is with White Technical Research, Argenta, Illinois, USA. R. Clemens is with the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California; and the International Center for Regulatory Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. T.J. Angelopoulos is with the School of Health Sciences, Emory and Henry College, Emory, Virginia, USA
| | - Theodore J Angelopoulos
- J.M. Rippe is with the Rippe Lifestyle Institute, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA; and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA. J.L. Sievenpiper is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital; the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital; the Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St Michael's Hospital; and the Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. K.-A. Lê is with Nestec Ltd, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland. J.S. White is with White Technical Research, Argenta, Illinois, USA. R. Clemens is with the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California; and the International Center for Regulatory Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. T.J. Angelopoulos is with the School of Health Sciences, Emory and Henry College, Emory, Virginia, USA
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Abstract
Diet influences many modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Considering this, moderation of total dietary fat, particularly trans and saturated fats, as well as cholesterol is recommended. Dietary fats should come mainly from plants and fatty fish, providing monounsaturated and polyunsaturated (including omega-3) fatty acids. Carbohydrate sources to emphasize include whole grains, legumes, vegetables, fruits, and other fiber-rich sources, rather than sugars. Although vitamins such as E, C, and some B vitamins are associated with reduced CVD risk, data do not support the use of supplements, but foods rich in these nutrients are advocated. Dietary minerals such as potassium, magnesium, and calcium may be beneficial to heart health, while reduction of dietary sodium decreases risk of hypertension. A large variety of phytonutrients are also associated with reduced CVD risk. Other dietary factors receiving research attention regarding CVD risk. Other dietary factors receiving research attention regarding CVD risk include caffeine, alcobol, and meal frequency, although more work is needed in these areas. In contrast, data are quite robust to support the importance of healthy body weight management in cardiovascular health. In general, diets based on a variety of less processed foods, mainly of plant origin, in the context of an active lifestyle, are conducive to heart health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J. Melanson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston,
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28
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Velasquez-Mieyer P, Neira CP, Nieto R, Cowan PA. Review: Obesity and cardiometabolic syndrome in children. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 1:61-81. [DOI: 10.1177/1753944707082800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiometabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among overweight youth. The risk of developing the cardiometabolic syndrome is likely triggered or exacerbated by concurrent obesity, unhealthy lifestyle/eating habits, and hormonal changes (puberty). Current screening recommendations include measurement of blood pressure, fasting insulin and glucose, and total cholesterol. However, limiting assessments to these measures underestimates cardiometabolic risk in overweight youth, particularly minorities. Early identification of cardiometabolic risk in its incipient stages may justify early and more aggressive intervention to prevent progression and complications. This review provides rationale for additional assessments to determine cardiometabolic risk in overweight youth and recommends treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Velasquez-Mieyer
- Dept. of Pediatrics LeBonheur Children's Medical Center 50 North Dunlap Memphis, TN 38103
| | | | - Ramfis Nieto
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Centro-Occidental “Lisandro Alvarado” (UCLA). Barquisimeto, Venezuela
| | - Patricia A. Cowan
- Department of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
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29
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Andrade SCD, Previdelli ÁN, Cesar CLG, Marchioni DML, Fisberg RM. Trends in diet quality among adolescents, adults and older adults: A population-based study. Prev Med Rep 2016; 4:391-6. [PMID: 27547722 PMCID: PMC4990660 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to monitor diet quality and associated factors in adolescents, adults and older adults from the city of São Paulo, Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study involving 2376 individuals surveyed in 2003, and 1662 individuals in 2008 (Health Survey of São Paulo, ISA-Capital). Participants were of both sexes and aged 12 to 19 years old (adolescents), 20 to 59 years old (adults) and 60 years old or over (older adults). Food intake was assessed using the 24-h dietary recall method while diet quality was determined by the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index (BHEI-R). The prevalence of descriptive variables for 2003 and 2008 was compared adopting a confidence interval of 95%. The means of total BHEI-R score and its components for 2003 and 2008 were compared for each age group. Associations between the BHEI-R and independent variables were evaluated for each survey year using multiple linear regression analysis. Results showed that the mean BHEI-R increased (54.9 vs. 56.4 points) over the five-year period. However, the age group evaluation showed a deterioration in diet quality of adolescents, influenced by a decrease in scores for dark-green and orange vegetables and legumes, total grains, oils and SoFAAS (solid fat, alcohol and added sugar) components. In the 2008 survey, adults had a higher BHEI-R score, by 6.1 points on average, compared to adolescents. Compared to older adults, this difference was 10.7 points. The diet quality remains a concern, especially among adolescents, that had the worst results compared to the other age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Regina Mara Fisberg
- Departament of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Abstract
Recent studies indicate that dietary interventions have the potential to prevent and even treat cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death. Many of these studies have focused on various animal models that are able to recreate one or more conditions or elevate risk factors that characterize the disease. Here, we highlight macronutrient-focused interventions in both mammalian model organisms and humans with emphasis on some of the most relevant and well-established diets known to be associated with cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. We also discuss more recent dietary interventions in rodents, monkeys, and humans, which affect atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases with focus on those that also delay aging.
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31
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Sumiyoshi M, Kimura Y. Effects of a High-Fat or High-Sucrose Diet on Ultraviolet B Irradiation-Induced Carcinogenesis and Tumor Growth in Melanin-Possessing Hairless Mice. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:791-803. [PMID: 27046042 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1159703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We herein compared the effects of the chronic feeding of high-fat (HF), high-sucrose (HS), and low-fat/low-sucrose (control) diets on carcinogenesis following chronic ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation in hairless mice. UVB irradiation-induced carcinogenesis was more prominent in HF diet-fed group than in control diet- and HS diet-fed groups. The HS diet group, as well as the HF diet one, showed tumor development and growth, increased skin matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and blood plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels, and decreased blood leptin and adiponectin levels after long-term UVB irradiation. These changes were smaller in the HS diet group than in the HF diet group. In addition, no difference was noted in the above changes between the control and HS diet groups. The increase induced in adipose tissue weight by the HF diet was markedly reduced by UVB irradiation. This result suggests that the abundant availability of lipids in hypertrophic adipose tissue may be related to tumor incidence and growth through increases in blood PAI-1 and skin MMP-9 expression levels and decreases in blood adiponectin levels by UVB irradiation. In conclusion, HF diet-induced hypertrophic adipose tissue is an important cancer risk factor that promotes UV irradiation-induced carcinogenesis and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Sumiyoshi
- a Division of Biochemical Pharmacology , Department of Basic Medical Research, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine , Shitsukawa, Toon City , Ehime , Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kimura
- a Division of Biochemical Pharmacology , Department of Basic Medical Research, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine , Shitsukawa, Toon City , Ehime , Japan
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Castro C, Corraze G, Basto A, Larroquet L, Panserat S, Oliva-Teles A. Dietary Lipid and Carbohydrate Interactions: Implications on Lipid and Glucose Absorption, Transport in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles. Lipids 2016; 51:743-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Angelopoulos TJ, Lowndes J, Sinnett S, Rippe JM. Fructose Containing Sugars at Normal Levels of Consumption Do Not Effect Adversely Components of the Metabolic Syndrome and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2016; 8:179. [PMID: 27023594 PMCID: PMC4848648 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to explore our hypothesis that average consumption of fructose and fructose containing sugars would not increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). A randomized, double blind, parallel group study was conducted where 267 individuals with BMI between 23 and 35 kg/m2 consumed low fat sugar sweetened milk, daily for ten weeks as part of usual weight-maintenance diet. One group consumed 18% of calories from high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), another group consumed 18% of calories from sucrose, a third group consumed 9% of calories from fructose, and the fourth group consumed 9% of calories from glucose. There was a small change in waist circumference (80.9 ± 9.5 vs. 81.5 ± 9.5 cm) in the entire cohort, as well as in total cholesterol (4.6 ± 1.0 vs. 4.7 ± 1.0 mmol/L, p < 0.01), triglycerides (TGs) (11.5 ± 6.4 vs. 12.6 ± 8.9 mmol/L, p < 0.01), and systolic (109.2 ± 10.2 vs. 106.1 ± 10.4 mmHg, p < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (69.8 ± 8.7 vs. 68.1 ± 9.7 mmHg, p < 0.01). The effects of commonly consumed sugars on components of the MetS and CVD risk factors are minimal, mixed and not clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J Angelopoulos
- Obesity Research Center, School of Health Sciences, Emory & Henry College, 601 Radio Hill Rd, Marion, VA 24354, USA.
| | - Joshua Lowndes
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute of Florida, 215 Celebration Place, Celebration, FL 34747, USA.
| | - Stephanie Sinnett
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute of Florida, 215 Celebration Place, Celebration, FL 34747, USA.
| | - James M Rippe
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute of Florida, 215 Celebration Place, Celebration, FL 34747, USA.
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute, 21 North Quinsigamond Avenue, Shrewsbury, MA 01545, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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Sweet Taste Receptor TAS1R2 Polymorphism (Val191Val) Is Associated with a Higher Carbohydrate Intake and Hypertriglyceridemia among the Population of West Mexico. Nutrients 2016; 8:101. [PMID: 26907331 PMCID: PMC4772063 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Some high-carbohydrate diets may lead to obesity and multiple metabolic disorders, including hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). This lipid abnormality is considered an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The sweet taste receptor TAS1R2 polymorphism (Ile191Val) has been reported to be associated with carbohydrate intake. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of the TAS1R2 gene polymorphism with carbohydrate intake and HTG among the population of West Mexico. In a cross-sectional study, 441 unrelated subjects were analyzed for TAS1R2 genotypes (Ile/Ile, Ile/Val and Val/Val) by an allelic discrimination assay. Biochemical tests and a three-day food record were assessed. The Val/Val genotype carriers had a higher intake of total carbohydrates, fiber and servings of cereals and vegetables than the other genotype carriers. The Val/Val genotype conferred a higher risk for HTG than the Ile/Val and Ile/Ile genotypes (OR = 3.26, 95%CI 1.35–7.86, p = 0.006 and OR = 2.61, 95%CI 1.12–6.07, p = 0.02, respectively). Furthermore, the Val/Val genotype was associated with approximately 30% higher triglycerides compared with Ile/Val and Ile/Ile genotypes (β = 44.09, 95%CI 9.94–78.25, p = 0.01 and β = 45.7, 95%CI 10.85–80.54, p = 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, the Val/Val genotype of TAS1R2 was associated with a higher carbohydrate intake and HTG.
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Wong B, Ooi TC, Keely E. Severe gestational hypertriglyceridemia: A practical approach for clinicians. Obstet Med 2015; 8:158-67. [PMID: 27512474 PMCID: PMC4935053 DOI: 10.1177/1753495x15594082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe gestational hypertriglyceridemia is a potentially life threatening and complex condition to manage, requiring attention to a delicate balance between maternal and fetal needs. During pregnancy, significant alterations to lipid homeostasis occur to ensure transfer of nutrients to the fetus. In women with an underlying genetic predisposition or a secondary exacerbating factor, severe gestational hypertriglyceridemia can arise, leading to devastating complications, including acute pancreatitis. Multidisciplinary care, implementation of a low-fat diet with nutritional support, and institution of a hierarchical therapeutic approach are all crucial to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity. To avoid maternal pancreatitis, close surveillance of triglycerides throughout pregnancy with elective hospitalization for refractory cases is recommended. Careful dietary planning is required to prevent neural and retinal complications from fetal essential fatty acid deficiency. Questions remain about the safety of fibrates and plasmapheresis in pregnancy as well as the optimal timing for induction and delivery of these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertha Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teik C Ooi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin Keely
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Raatz SK, Johnson LK, Picklo MJ. Consumption of Honey, Sucrose, and High-Fructose Corn Syrup Produces Similar Metabolic Effects in Glucose-Tolerant and -Intolerant Individuals. J Nutr 2015; 145:2265-72. [PMID: 26338891 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.218016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health recommendations call for a reduction in added sugars; however, controversy exists over whether all nutritive sweeteners produce similar metabolic effects. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the effects of the chronic consumption of 3 nutritive sweeteners [honey, sucrose, and high-fructose corn syrup containing 55% fructose (HFCS55)] on circulating glucose, insulin, lipids, and inflammatory markers; body weight; and blood pressure in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (GT) and those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). METHODS In a crossover design, participants consumed daily, in random order, 50 g carbohydrate from assigned sweeteners for 2 wk with a 2- to 4-wk washout period between treatments. Participants included 28 GT and 27 IGT volunteers with a mean age of 38.9 ± 3.6 y and 52.1 ± 2.7 y, respectively, and a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 26 ± 0.8 and 31.5 ± 1.0, respectively. Body weight, blood pressure (BP), serum inflammatory markers, lipids, fasting glucose and insulin, and oral-glucose-tolerance tests (OGTTs) were completed pre- and post-treatment. The OGTT incremental areas under the curve (iAUCs) for glucose and insulin were determined and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores were calculated. RESULTS Body weight and serum glucose, insulin, inflammatory markers, and total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the IGT group than in the GT group at baseline. Glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and the OGTT iAUC for glucose or insulin did not differ by treatment, but all responses were significantly higher in the IGT group compared with the GT group. Body weight was unchanged by treatment. Systolic BP was unchanged, whereas diastolic BP was significantly lower in response to sugar intake across all treatments. An increase in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was observed in the IGT group in response to all sugars. No treatment effect was observed for interleukin 6. HDL cholesterol did not differ as a result of status or treatment. Triglyceride (TG) concentrations increased significantly from pre- to post-treatment in response to all sugars tested. CONCLUSIONS Daily intake of 50 g carbohydrate from honey, sucrose, or HFCS55 for 14 d resulted in similar effects on measures of glycemia, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. All 3 increased TG concentrations in both GT and IGT individuals and elevated glycemic and inflammatory responses in the latter. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01371266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Raatz
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND; and Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - LuAnn K Johnson
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND; and
| | - Matthew J Picklo
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND; and
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Williamson K, Kilner K, Clibbens N. A comparison of the nutrient intake of a community-dwelling first-episode psychosis cohort, aged 19-64 years, with data from the UK population. J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e28. [PMID: 26495120 PMCID: PMC4611081 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosis increases the risk of CVD, obesity and type 2 diabetes and reduces life expectancy. There are limited data comparing the dietary habits of community-dwelling first-episode psychosis sufferers - with autonomy over diet - and the general population. The data represent the retrospective evaluation of nutritional data collected between 2007 and 2013 from 143 individuals from the UK population receiving treatment for first-episode psychosis. Differences in mean nutrient intakes between the study cohort and the national sample were tested for statistical significance using independent t tests, incorporating Satterthwaite's correction where required. Mean total energy intake was lower for males (P = 0·049) and higher for females (P = 0·016) in the cohort than in the corresponding subgroups of the national sample. Females in the study cohort consumed 12·9 (95 % CI 4·3, 21·5) g more total fat per d, whilst males consumed 7·7 (95 % CI 0·5, 14·9) g less protein per d than the national sample. Males in the study also showed significantly lower mean intakes than nationally of folate, Fe, Se, vitamin D and Zn, but not vitamin C. The proportion of individuals not meeting the lower reference nutrient intakes, particularly for Se (males 54·0 % and females 57·1 %) and for Fe amongst females (29·6 %), is cause for concern regarding potentially severe deficiencies. Further exploration of dietary habits within first-episode psychosis is warranted to assess whether individuals make beneficial dietary changes for their physical and mental health and wellbeing following dietary change intervention. It would also be pertinent to assess any correlation between diet and mental health symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Williamson
- Rotherham Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Rotherham Doncaster and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust, 144A Aughton Road, Swallownest Court, Swallownest, Sheffield S26 4TH, UK
| | - Karen Kilner
- Sheffield Hallam University, P102 Montgomery House, 32 Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK
| | - Nicola Clibbens
- Sheffield Hallam University, 36 Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK
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Tappy L, Lê KA. Health effects of fructose and fructose-containing caloric sweeteners: where do we stand 10 years after the initial whistle blowings? Curr Diab Rep 2015; 15:54. [PMID: 26104800 PMCID: PMC4477723 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-015-0627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Suspicion that fructose-containing caloric sweeteners (FCCS) may play a causal role in the development of metabolic diseases has elicited intense basic and clinical research over the past 10 years. Prospective cohort studies converge to indicate that FCCS, and more specifically sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), consumption is associated with weight gain over time. Intervention studies in which FCCS or SSB consumption is altered while food intake is otherwise left ad libitum indicate that increased FCCS generally increases total energy intake and body weight, while FCCS reduction decreases body weight gain. Clinical trials assessing the effects of SSB reduction as a sole intervention however fail to observe clinically significant weight loss. Many mechanistic studies indicate that excess FCCS can cause potential adverse metabolic effects. Whether this is associated with a long-term risk remains unknown. Scientific evidence that excess FCCS intake causes more deleterious effects to health than excess of other macronutrients is presently lacking. However, the large consumption of FCCS in the population makes it one out of several targets for the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland,
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single largest cause of mortality in the United States and worldwide. Numerous risk factors have been identified for CVD, including a number of nutritional factors. Recently, attention has been focused on fructose-containing sugars and their putative link to risk factors for CVD. In this review, we focus on recent studies related to sugar consumption and cardiovascular risk factors including lipids, blood pressure, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. We then examine the scientific basis for competing recommendations for sugar intake. We conclude that although it appears prudent to avoid excessive consumption of fructose-containing sugars, levels within the normal range of human consumption are not uniquely related to CVD risk factors with the exception of triglycerides, which may rise when simple sugars exceed 20% of energy per day, particularly in hypercaloric settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Rippe
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute, Shrewsbury, MA; Rippe Lifestyle Research Institute of Florida, Celebration, FL; and Department of Biomedical Sciences and
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40
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Fakhoury-Sayegh N, Trak-Smayra V, Khazzaka A, Esseily F, Obeid O, Lahoud-Zouein M, Younes H. Characteristics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced in wistar rats following four different diets. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:350-7. [PMID: 26244072 PMCID: PMC4523477 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.4.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased worldwide in parallel with overnutrition characterized by high-fat and high-carbohydrate intake. Our objective was to establish, in 16 weeks, a model of NAFLD in Wistar pathogen-free rats following four dietary types. MATERIALS/METHODS Forty (6 weeks old) healthy Wistar male rats, weighing an average of 150 g were randomly divided into four groups of ten and assigned a diet with the same quantity (15 g/rat/day), but with different composition. The moderate-fat (MF) group was fed a moderate-fat diet (31.5% fat and 50% carbohydrates), the high-fat (HF) group was fed a fat-rich diet (51% fat), the high-sucrose (HS) group and the high-fructose (HFr) group were fed a carbohydrate-rich diet (61%). The carbohydrate contents of the HS group was composed of 60.3% sucrose while that of the HFr group was composed of 59.3% fructose. RESULTS At week 16, the HF group had the highest percentage of cells enriched in fat (40%) and the highest weight and liver weight (P < 0.05). The HFr group showed significantly higher levels of serum triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase and adiponectin at week 16 as compared to week 1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The 15 g/rat/day diet composed of 51% fat or 61% carbohydrates enriched mainly in fructose may induce characteristics of NAFLD in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Fakhoury-Sayegh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Damascus Road, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Viviane Trak-Smayra
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aline Khazzaka
- Department of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fady Esseily
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Public Health II, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Omar Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - May Lahoud-Zouein
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Public Health II, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Younes
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, 19, rue Pierre Waguet, France
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Meissen JK, Hirahatake KM, Adams SH, Fiehn O. Temporal metabolomic responses of cultured HepG2 liver cells to high fructose and high glucose exposures. Metabolomics 2015; 11:707-721. [PMID: 26190955 PMCID: PMC4504739 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-014-0729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
High fructose consumption has been implicated with deleterious effects on human health, including hyperlipidemia elicited through de novo lipogenesis. However, more global effects of fructose on cellular metabolism have not been elucidated. In order to explore the metabolic impact of fructose-containing nutrients, we applied both GC-TOF and HILIC-QTOF mass spectrometry metabolomic strategies using extracts from cultured HepG2 cells exposed to fructose, glucose, or fructose + glucose. Cellular responses were analyzed in a time-dependent manner, incubated in media containing 5.5 mM glucose + 5.0 mM fructose in comparison to controls incubated in media containing either 5.5 mM glucose or 10.5 mM glucose. Mass spectrometry identified 156 unique known metabolites and a large number of unknown compounds, which revealed metabolite changes due to both utilization of fructose and high-carbohydrate loads independent of hexose structure. Fructose was shown to be partially converted to sorbitol, and generated higher levels of fructose-1-phosphate as a precursor for glycolytic intermediates. Differentially regulated ratios of 3-phosphoglycerate to serine pathway intermediates in high fructose media indicated a diversion of carbon backbones away from energy metabolism. Additionally, high fructose conditions changed levels of complex lipids toward phosphatidylethanolamines. Patterns of acylcarnitines in response to high hexose exposure (10.5 mM glucose or glucose/fructose combination) suggested a reduction in mitochondrial beta-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K. Meissen
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kristin M. Hirahatake
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 W. Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 W. Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Oliver Fiehn, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, Tel: +1-530-754-8258, Fax: +1-530-754-9658,
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Zhang Z, Gillespie C, Welsh JA, Hu FB, Yang Q. Usual intake of added sugars and lipid profiles among the U.S. adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2010. J Adolesc Health 2015; 56:352-9. [PMID: 25703323 PMCID: PMC4494648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although studies suggest that higher consumption of added sugars is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents, none have adjusted for measurement errors or examined its association with the risk of dyslipidemia. METHODS We analyzed data of 4,047 adolescents aged 12-19 years from the 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey. We estimated the usual percentage of calories (%kcal) from added sugars using up to two 24-hour dietary recalls and the National Cancer Institute method to account for measurement error. RESULTS The average usual %kcal from added sugars was 16.0%. Most adolescents (88.0%) had usual intake of ≥10% of total energy, and 5.5% had usual intake of ≥25% of total energy. After adjustment for potential confounders, usual %kcal from added sugars was inversely associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and positively associated with triglycerides (TGs), TG-to-HDL ratio, and total cholesterol (TC) to HDL ratio. Comparing the lowest and highest quintiles of intake, HDLs were 49.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.4-51.6) and 46.4 mg/dL (95% CI, 45.2-47.6; p = .009), TGs were 85.6 (95% CI, 75.5-95.6) and 101.2 mg/dL (95% CI, 88.7-113.8; p = .037), TG to HDL ratios were 2.28 (95% CI, 1.84-2.70) and 2.73 (95% CI, 2.11-3.32; p = .017), and TC to HDL ratios were 3.41 (95% CI, 3.03-3.79) and 3.70 (95% CI, 3.24-4.15; p = .028), respectively. Comparing the highest and lowest quintiles of intake, adjusted odds ratio of dyslipidemia was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.01-1.95). The patterns were consistent across sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index subgroups. No association was found for TC, low-density lipoprotein, and non-HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Most U.S. adolescents consumed more added sugars than recommended for heart health. Usual intake of added sugars was significantly associated with several measures of lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhang
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Cathleen Gillespie
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jean A. Welsh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,Wellness Department, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Quanhe Yang
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Ibrahim SM, El- Denshary ES, Abdallah DM. Geraniol, alone and in combination with pioglitazone, ameliorates fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats via the modulation of both inflammatory and oxidative stress status. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117516. [PMID: 25679220 PMCID: PMC4332632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Geraniol (GO) potent antitumor and chemopreventive effects are attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the current study, the potential efficacy of GO (250 mg/kg) in ameliorating metabolic syndrome (MetS) induced by fructose in drinking water was elucidated. Moreover, the effect of pioglitazone (5 and 10 mg/kg; PIO) and the possible interaction of the co-treatment of GO with PIO5 were studied in the MetS model. After 4 weeks of treatment, GO and/or PIO reduced the fasting blood glucose and the glycemic excursion in the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. GO and PIO5/10 restrained visceral adiposity and partly the body weight gain. The decreased level of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-γ transcriptional activity in the visceral adipose tissue of MetS rats was increased by single treatment regimens. Though GO did not affect MetS-induced hyperinsulinemia, PIO5/10 lowered it. Additionally, GO and PIO5/10 suppressed glycated hemoglobin and the receptor for advanced glycated end products (RAGE). These single regimens also ameliorated hyperuricemia, the disrupted lipid profile, and the elevated systolic blood pressure evoked by MetS. The rise in serum transaminases, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as hepatic lipid peroxides and nitric oxide (NO) was lowered by the single treatments to different extents. Moreover, hepatic non-protein thiols, as well as serum NO and adiponectin were enhanced by single regimens. Similar effects were reached by the combination of GO with PIO5; however, a potentiative interaction was noted on fasting serum insulin level, while synergistic effects were reflected as improved insulin sensitivity, as well as reduced RAGE and triglycerides. Therefore, GO via the transcriptional activation of PPAR-γ reduces inflammation and free radical injury produced by MetS. Thereby, these effects provide novel mechanistic insights on GO management of MetS associated critical risk factors. Moreover, the co-administration of GO to PIO5 exalted the antidiabetic drug anti-MetS efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherehan M. Ibrahim
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Dalaal M. Abdallah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Americans consume 22.3 teaspoons of added caloric sweeteners a day. Sweeteners range from 180 to 13,000 times sweeter than sugar. In summer 2014, 20 people from Kaiser Permanente California facilities cut out all added sugars and artificial sweeteners for 2 weeks: 95% of participants found that sweet foods and drinks tasted sweeter or too sweet, 75% found that other foods tasted sweeter, and 95% said moving forward they would use less or even no sugar. Additionally, 86.6% of participants stopped craving sugar after 6 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Bartolotto
- Senior Consultant for Regional Health Education for the Southern California Permanente Medical Group.
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Sharma N, Li L, Ecelbarger CM. Sex differences in renal and metabolic responses to a high-fructose diet in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F400-10. [PMID: 25537743 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00403.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High fructose intake has been associated with increased incidences of renal disease and hypertension, among other pathologies. Most fructose is cleared by the portal system and metabolized in the liver; however, systemic levels of fructose can rise with increased consumption. We tested whether there were sex differences in the renal responses to a high-fructose diet in mice. Two-month-old male and female C57BL6/129/SV mice (n = 6 mice per sex per treatment) were randomized to receive control or high-fructose (65% by weight) diets as pelleted chow ad libitum for 3 mo. Fructose feeding did not significantly affect body weight but led to a 19% and 10% increase in kidney weight in male and female mice, respectively. In male mice, fructose increased the expression (∼50%) of renal cortical proteins involved in metabolism, including glucose transporter 5 (facilitative fructose transporter), ketohexokinase, and the insulin receptor (β-subunit). Female mice had lower basal levels of glucose transporter 5, which were unresponsive to fructose. However, female mice had increased urine volume and plasma K(+) and decreased plasma Na(+) with fructose, whereas male mice were less affected. Likewise, female mice showed a two- to threefold reduction in the expression Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter 2 in the thick ascending limb and aquaporin-2 in the collecting duct with fructose relative to female control mice, whereas male mice had no change. Overall, our results support greater proximal metabolism of fructose in male animals and greater distal tubule/collecting duct (electrolyte homeostasis) alterations in female animals. These sex differences may be important determinants of the specific nature of pathologies that develop in association with high fructose consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; and
| | - Lijun Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; and Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging, and Disease, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - C M Ecelbarger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; and Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging, and Disease, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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Dzeufiet PDD, Mogueo A, Bilanda DC, Aboubakar BFO, Tédong L, Dimo T, Kamtchouing P. Antihypertensive potential of the aqueous extract which combine leaf of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae), stems and leaf of Cymbopogon citratus (D.C) Stapf. (Poaceae), fruits of Citrus medical L. (Rutaceae) as well as honey in ethanol and sucrose experimental model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:507. [PMID: 25519078 PMCID: PMC4301628 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of the aqueous extract obtained from the mixture of fresh leaf of Persea americana, stems and fresh leaf of Cymbopogon citratus, fruits of Citrus medica and honey on ethanol and sucrose induced hypertension in rats. METHODS Rats were divided into eight groups of 6 rats each and daily treated for 5 weeks. The control group received distilled water (1 mL/kg) while rats of groups 2, 3 and 4 received ethanol 40 degrees (3 g/kg/day), 10% sucrose as drinking water and the two substances respectively. The remaining groups received in addition to sucrose and ethanol, the aqueous extract (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) or nifedipine (10 mg/kg) respectively. Many parameters including hemodynamic, biochemical and histopathological were assessed at the end of the study. RESULTS The concomitant consumption of ethanol and sucrose significantly (p < 0.001) increased the blood pressure and the heart rate compared to distilled water treated-rats. The levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, atherogenic index, glucose, proteins, AST, ALT, creatinin, potassium, sodium and albumin increased while the HDL-cholesterol decreased under ethanol and sucrose feeding. Chronic ethanol and sucrose intake significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitrites whereas elevated the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Histological analysis revealed among other vascular congestion, inflammation, tubular clarification and thickening of the vessel wall in rats treated with alcohol and sucrose. Administration of the aqueous extract or nifedipine prevented the hemodynamic, biochemical, oxidative and histological impairments induced chronic ethanol and sucrose consumption. CONCLUSION Current results suggest that the aqueous extract used in this study possess antihypertensive activity against ethanol and sucrose induced hypertension in rats by the improvement of biochemical and oxidative status, and by protecting liver, kidney and vascular endothelium against damages induced by chronic consumption of ethanol and sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet
- />Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Amélie Mogueo
- />Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Danielle Claude Bilanda
- />Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Bibi-Farouck Oumarou Aboubakar
- />Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Léonard Tédong
- />Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
- />Department of Physiology, High Institute of Health, “Université des Montagnes”, P.O Box 208, Bangangte, Cameroon
| | - Théophile Dimo
- />Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Kamtchouing
- />Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Prasad K, Dhar I. Oxidative stress as a mechanism of added sugar-induced cardiovascular disease. Int J Angiol 2014; 23:217-26. [PMID: 25484552 PMCID: PMC4244242 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1387169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Added sugars comprising of table sugar, brown sugar, corn syrup, maple syrup, honey, molasses, and other sweeteners in the prepared processed foods and beverages have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. This article deals with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a mechanism of sugar-induced cardiovascular diseases. There is an association between the consumption of high levels of serum glucose with cardiovascular diseases. Various sources of sugar-induced generation of ROS, including mitochondria, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase, advanced glycation end products, insulin, and uric acid have been discussed. The mechanism by which ROS induce the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias have been discussed in detail. In conclusion, the data suggest that added sugars induce atherosclerosis, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias and that these effects of added sugars are mediated through ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Indu Dhar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Sugar-sweetened beverages, vascular risk factors and events: a systematic literature review. Public Health Nutr 2014; 18:1145-54. [PMID: 25321082 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014002122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) has been linked to weight gain, obesity and type 2 diabetes; however, the influence on CVD risk remains unclear. Therefore, our objective was to summarize current evidence for an association between SSB consumption and cardiovascular risk factors and events. DESIGN The article search was performed in August 2013. Two independent researchers performed the article search and selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Eligible studies reported the intake of SSB and one of the following outcomes: change in blood pressure, blood lipid or blood sugar, or CVD events such as stroke or myocardial infarction. Only intervention and longitudinal studies were included. SUBJECTS Only studies in adults (aged 18+ years old) were considered. RESULTS Two of four prospective studies found clear direct associations between SSB consumption and CHD, while two of three studies, including both men and women, found direct associations between SSB consumption and stroke; however, the association was significant among women only. All included studies examining vascular risk factors found direct associations between SSB consumption and change in blood pressure, blood lipid or blood sugar. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed studies generally showed that SSB intake was related to vascular risk factors, whereas associations with vascular events were less consistent. Due to a limited number of published papers, especially regarding vascular events, the strength of the evidence is still limited and hence more studies are needed before firm conclusions can be made.
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50
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Lowndes J, Sinnett S, Pardo S, Nguyen VT, Melanson KJ, Yu Z, Lowther BE, Rippe JM. The effect of normally consumed amounts of sucrose or high fructose corn syrup on lipid profiles, body composition and related parameters in overweight/obese subjects. Nutrients 2014; 6:1128-44. [PMID: 24642950 PMCID: PMC3967182 DOI: 10.3390/nu6031128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The American Heart Association (AHA) has advocated that women and men not consume more than 100 and 150 kcal/day, respectively, from added sugars. These levels are currently exceeded by over 90% of the adult population in the United States. Few data exist on longer-term metabolic effects when sucrose and High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS), the principal sources of added dietary sugars, are consumed at levels typical of the general population. Sixty five overweight and obese individuals were placed on a eucaloric (weight stable) diet for 10-weeks, which incorporated sucrose- or HFCS-sweetened, low-fat milk at 10% or 20% of calories in a randomized, double-blinded study. All groups responded similarly (interaction p > 0.05). There was no change in body weight in any of the groups over the 10-week study, or in systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Likewise, there were no changes in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or apolipoprotein B (Apo B). We conclude that (1) when consumed as part of a eucaloric diet fructose--when given with glucose (as normally consumed) does not promote weight gain or an atherogenic lipid profile even when consumed at two to four times the level recently recommended by the AHA. (2) There were no differences between HFCS and sucrose on these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lowndes
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute, 215 Celebration Place, Suite 300, Celebration, FL 34747, USA.
| | - Stephanie Sinnett
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute, 215 Celebration Place, Suite 300, Celebration, FL 34747, USA.
| | - Sabrina Pardo
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute, 215 Celebration Place, Suite 300, Celebration, FL 34747, USA.
| | - Von T Nguyen
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute, 215 Celebration Place, Suite 300, Celebration, FL 34747, USA.
| | - Kathleen J Melanson
- Energy Balance Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Zhiping Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32256, USA.
| | - Britte E Lowther
- Britte Lowther, 4302 39th Street West, Apt # 11, Bradenton, FL 34015 , USA.
| | - James M Rippe
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute, 215 Celebration Place, Suite 300, Celebration, FL 34747, USA.
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