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Luick M, Bandy LK, Harrington R, Vijayan J, Adams J, Cummins S, Rayner M, Rogers N, Rutter H, Smith R, White M, Scarborough P. The impact of the UK soft drink industry levy on the soft drink marketplace, 2017-2020: An interrupted time series analysis with comparator series. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301890. [PMID: 38843248 PMCID: PMC11156274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In April 2018, the UK government implemented a levy on soft drinks importers and manufacturers, tiered according to the amount of sugar in drinks. The stated aim was to encourage manufacturers to reduce sugar and portion sizes. Previous evidence suggests that the policy has been successful in reducing sugar in drinks in the short-term since implementation, but their sustained effects have not been explored. This study aimed to assess the impact of the soft drink industry levy (SDIL) on sugar levels, price, portion size and use of non-sugar sweeteners in the medium-term. METHODS AND FINDINGS Product data from 30 November 2017 to 14 March 2020 from one major UK retail supermarket were analysed (112,452 observations, 126 weekly time points). We used interrupted time series analysis, to assess the impact of the soft-drink industry levy (SDIL) on levy-eligible soft drinks, with exempt drinks (i.e. 100% fruit juices, milks, flavoured milks) acting as a comparator series. At the point of implementation of the SDIL (April 2018) there was a step change in the proportion of eligible drinks with sugar content below the SDIL levy threshold (5g per 100ml) (+0.08, 95%CI: +0.04, +0.12), with a similar sized decrease in the proportion in the highest levy category (> = 8g sugar per 100ml) (-0.06, 95%CI: -0.10, -0.03). Between April 2018 and March 2020, the proportion of eligible drinks below the SDIL levy threshold continued to gradually increase (p = 0.003), while those in the highest levy category decreased (p = 0.007). There was a step change in price of eligible drinks in the higher levy category at the point of implementation of +£0.049 (95%CI: +£0.034, +£0.065) per 100mL (for comparison, the levy is set at £0.024 per 100mL for this group). Trends in price for the high levy category were not altered by the SDIL. In the no levy category, there was a step change in price at the implementation (+£0.012 per 100mL, 95%CI: +£0.008, +£0.023), followed by a second step change in October 2018 (-£0.018p per 100mL, 95%CI: -£0.033, -£0.001p). The volume of products in the higher levy group decreased at the time of the implementation (-305mL on average including multipacks, 95%CI: -511, -99). The change in trend for the product volume of drinks in the higher levy group between April 2018 and March 2020 was in the increasing direction (+704mL per year, 95%CI: -95, 1504), but it did not meet our threshold for statistical significance (p = 0.084). There were no changes observed in the volume of lower levy drinks or no levy drinks. There was a step change in the proportion of drinks with non-sugar sweeteners at the implementation of the SDIL (+0.04, 95%CI: +0.02, +0.06). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the SDIL was successful in [1] producing reductions in sugar levels that were maintained over the medium term up to March 2020 and [2] a reduction in product volume for higher tier drinks that may be diminishing over time. Our results also show that the SDIL was associated with a maintained price differential between high and low sugar drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Luick
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren K. Bandy
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Harrington
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jayalakshmi Vijayan
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Adams
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Cummins
- Population Health Innovation Lab, Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Rayner
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Rogers
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Rutter
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Smith
- Vice Chancellor’s Office, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Martin White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Scarborough
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Wada H, Matsumoto H, Takagiwa M, Sato H, Ishiguchi K, Inoue A, Goto TK. Differences in time-intensity sensory profiles of sweet taste intensity of glucose between older and young adults. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1273055. [PMID: 38606019 PMCID: PMC11006984 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1273055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To understand age-related changes in sweet taste perception in daily life, it is important to understand taste intensity at the suprathreshold level. Previous studies have attempted to characterize the temporal aspects of human taste perception in terms of time-intensity evaluations. The perception of dynamic taste intensity in older adults increases slowly for salty taste; however, there have been no previous studies on time-intensity sensory evaluation of sweet taste in older adults. We hypothesized that older adults perceive sweet taste intensity more slowly than young adults. Methods Fifty young and 40 older adults participated in the study and glucose solutions of 0.6 M and 1.5 M were used as stimuli. The study comprised two experiments: (1) a cup tasting test (static taste perception in the mouth), and (2) a time-intensity sensory evaluation, in which the solutions were presented using a custom-made delivery system. The intra-oral device was made to fit each participant's dentition. Further, the level of gag reflex was taken into consideration for each participant in the design of the intra-oral device. A suction tube was placed across the posterior tongue near the throat to remove solution and saliva. The solution delivery system was controlled by an original computer program. Results Older adults presented significantly different maximum intensity timing and slope for both concentrations compared with young adults (slope for 1.5 M, p < 0.01; others, p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the older and young adults for reaction timing and maximum intensity. Conclusion We conclude that older adults perceived sweetness more slowly than young adults, and ultimately perceived almost the same intensity as young adults. This is the first reported characterization of the time-intensity profile of sweet taste intensity of glucose in older adults. Using a standardized system enabled us to assess and compare feedback on taste intensities among different age groups in real-time. Based on this, we recommend older adults "savor" to perceive sweet tastes at the same level experienced by young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Wada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Matsumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Takagiwa
- Laboratory of Mathematics, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ishiguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Inoue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tazuko K. Goto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Eshaghian N, Zare MJ, Mohammadian MK, Gozidehkar Z, Ahansaz A, Askari G, Asadi M, Milajerdi A, Sadeghi O. Sugar sweetened beverages, natural fruit juices, and cancer: what we know and what still needs to be assessed. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1301335. [PMID: 38178975 PMCID: PMC10764622 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1301335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is known as one of the leading causes of death in the world. In addition to early mortality, cancer is associated with disability in affected patients. Among environmental risk factors, special attention has been paid to the role of dietary factors. In recent decades, the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and natural fruit juices has increased. Several studies have assessed the effects of these beverages on human health and found that a higher intake of SSBs is associated with a greater risk of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, current evidence for cancer incidence and mortality is not conclusive. In the current review, we concluded that SSBs intake might be positively associated with cancer incidence/mortality through their increasing effects on obesity, inflammatory biomarkers, serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and advanced glycation end-products. Such a positive association was also seen for natural fruit juices. However, types of natural fruit juices were not considered in most previous studies. In addition, some types of cancer including brain, lung, and renal cancers were not assessed in relation to SSBs and natural fruit juices. Therefore, further studies are needed in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Eshaghian
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zare
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Zohre Gozidehkar
- Department of Public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Ahansaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Asadi
- Department of Operating Room Nursing, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Wolińska IA, Kraik K, Poręba R, Gać P, Poręba M. Environmental factors of obesity before and after COVID-19 pandemic: a review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1213033. [PMID: 38186688 PMCID: PMC10766782 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1213033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In past decades the prevalence of overweight and obesity had grown rapidly. There are numerous factors contributing to this unfavorable change in people's health. This review article investigates the environmental factors which may play a role in the prevalence of overweight and obesity and additionally the novel factors which appeared after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused the increase in BMI during the lockdown period. Most of the studies reveal that the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown contributed to the growth of BMI in numerous countries and, eventually the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased. Studies suggest that the physical activity was decreased while sleep time and screen time were increased and the amount of food consumed increased, additionally more processed food with long shelf life was consumed. The diverse environmental factors may have an impact on obesity and overweight development taking into account policy and local school policy issues, socioeconomic status, lifestyle including physical activity, diet habits, and amongst others, more trivial causes such as uninteresting neighborhoods, lack of sense of security outside the place of residence or a long distance from shops. Still, this is the object of debate if air pollution is an environmental risk factor influencing the unfavorable trends towards increasing body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Anna Wolińska
- Divison of Pathophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kraik
- Students’ Scientific Association of Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Poręba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Gać
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Department of Population Health, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Poręba
- Department of Paralympic Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Bertrand-Protat S, Chen J, Jonquoy A, Frayon S, Thu Win Tin S, Ravuvu A, Caillaud C, Galy O. Prevalence, causes and contexts of childhood overweight and obesity in the Pacific region: a scoping review. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2023; 3:52. [PMID: 38031554 PMCID: PMC10685071 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.15361.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major threat to health and development and account for 75% of deaths in the Pacific Islands Countries and Territories (PICTs). Childhood obesity has been identified as a main risk factor for NCDs later in life. This review compiled overweight and obesity (OWOB) prevalence (anthropometric data) for children aged six to 12 years old living in the Pacific region and identified possible related causes. Methods We conducted a systematic search using PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect for articles published between January 1980 and August 2022. We also searched for technical reports from Ministries of Health. Guided by the eligibility criteria, two authors independently read the selected articles and reports to extract and summarise relevant information related to overweight and obesity. Results We selected 25 articles, two worldwide analyses of population-based studies and four national reports. Information revealed that childhood OWOB prevalence reached 55% in some PICTs. This review also indicated that age, gender and ethnicity were linked to children's weight status, while dietary practices, sleep time and level of physical activity played a role in OWOB development, as well as the living environment (socio-economic status and food availability), parenting practices and education level. Conclusion This review highlighted that anthropometric data are limited and that comparisons are difficult due to the paucity of surveys and non-standardized methodology. Main causes of overweight and obesity are attributed to individual characteristics of children and behavioural patterns, children's socio-economic environment, parenting practices and educational level. Reinforcement of surveillance with standardised tools and metrics adapted to the Pacific region is crucial and further research is warranted to better understand root causes of childhood OWOB in the Pacific islands. More robust and standardized anthropometric data would enable improvements in national strategies, multisectoral responses and innovative interventions to prevent and control NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solene Bertrand-Protat
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Research in Education, EA 7483, University of New Caledonia, Noumea, New Caledonia
- Pacific Community, 95 Promenade Roger Laroque, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Juliana Chen
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aurélie Jonquoy
- Pacific Community, 95 Promenade Roger Laroque, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Stéphane Frayon
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Research in Education, EA 7483, University of New Caledonia, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Si Thu Win Tin
- Pacific Community, 95 Promenade Roger Laroque, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Amerita Ravuvu
- Pacific Community, 95 Promenade Roger Laroque, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Corinne Caillaud
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivier Galy
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Research in Education, EA 7483, University of New Caledonia, Noumea, New Caledonia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Purohit BM, Dawar A, Bansal K, Nilima, Malhotra S, Mathur VP, Duggal R. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and socioeconomic status: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Health 2023; 29:465-477. [PMID: 36384341 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221139588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are an independent risk factor for obesity and other non-communicable diseases. Socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the key drivers for the purchase and consumption of SSBs among children and adults; however, there is a lack of strong evidence. This study aims to determine the association between SES and consumption patterns of SSBs across populations. RESULTS The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane, and CINHAL databases were searched for relevant articles until 2022. Participants included children, adolescents, and adults who consumed different SSBs and were assessed based on their SES. The random-effects model was used to obtain the pooled odds ratio (OR). Twenty-one studies (152,070 participants) met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool, with the majority of the studies indicating medium to high quality. Eight ORs from four studies (34,454 participants) were considered for meta-analysis. Results showed those belonging to high SES had 48% lower odds of consuming the SSBs (OR 0.52; 95% CI: 0.42-0.61; p = 0.017). The overall quality of evidence was ascertained using GRADE criteria, illustrating a moderate certainty of evidence between SSB consumption and SES. CONCLUSION Meta-analysis suggests that SES influences the consumption pattern of SSBs, with high SES having lower odds of SSB consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi M Purohit
- Division of Public Health Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anika Dawar
- Division of Periodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Bansal
- Division of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nilima
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Malhotra
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay P Mathur
- Division of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Duggal
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Naik AQ, Zafar T, Shrivastava VK. The impact of non-caloric artificial sweetener aspartame on female reproductive system in mice model. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023; 21:73. [PMID: 37580716 PMCID: PMC10424399 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-023-01115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial sweeteners, used as sugar substitutes have found their ways into almost all the food items due to the notion that they are non-caloric. Aspartame is used in numerous food products throughout the world. The primary users of aspartame include diabetics and calorie conscious people who intend to limit their calorie intake. METHODS Female Swiss albino mice were divided into three groups (12 mice each) for the duration of 30 and 60 days consecutively. The treatment groups received 40 mg/kg b. w. aspartame orally. Hormone assays using ELISA and tissue histopathology have been performed along with the fertility assay to access the treatment outcomeon the fertility of treated mice in comparison to controls. RESULTS Present study reports that female mice treated with aspartame for 30 and 60 days showed significant reduction in body weight, relative organ weight of (liver and kidney) and gonadosomatic index. These changes were more significantly recorded in 60 days treatment group. Aspartame treated animals for 30 and 60 days showed duration-dependent decrease gonandotropins (follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone), and steroids (estradiol and progesterone). Moreover, severe histopathological changes, reduction in number of growing follicles, degenerative changes in follicular structure, corona radiata and zonagranulosa were also observed. Besides, histomorphological changes were also observed in the uterine structure including atrophic uterine endometrial glands, contracted endometrial lining, disruption of the endometrial structure and the shapes of blood vessels were also altered. CONCLUSION Non-nutritive artificial sweeteners including aspartame negatively impact the function of ovaries and feedback mechanism of reproductive hormones by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In light of present findings the aspartame negatively impacted the reproductive system of female mice. More studies are required to identify the molecular mechanism and the pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ab Qayoom Naik
- Department of Zoology, Govt. Degree College, Paloura Mishriwala, Jammu, J & K, 180018, India.
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, M. P, 462026, India.
| | - Tabassum Zafar
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, M. P, 462026, India.
| | - Vinoy K Shrivastava
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, M. P, 462026, India
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Pang T, Gray HL, Alman AC, Buro AW, Basu A, Lu S, Snell-Bergeon JK. Ultra-processed food consumption and obesity indicators in individuals with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal analysis of the prospective Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) cohort study. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1626-1633. [PMID: 37129091 PMCID: PMC10410376 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023000848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and obesity indicators among individuals with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes cohort study. DESIGN A secondary analysis. The consumption of UPF was assessed using the dietary data collected with the Harvard FFQ, and each food item was categorised according to the NOVA food processing classification. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured at baseline and after a mean of 14·6-year follow-up. Generalised estimating equations stratified by diabetes status were used to assess the associations between UPF intake and obesity indicators over 14 years of follow-up. SETTING USA. PARTICIPANTS A total of 600 adults (256 T1DM and 344 non-diabetic controls) aged 39 ± 9·1 years at baseline and followed up for over 14 years were included. RESULTS Participants with T1DM consumed significantly more UPF than non-diabetic controls at baseline: 7·6 ± 3·8 v. 6·6 ± 3·4 servings per day of UPF, respectively (P < 0·01). Participants with T1DM and with the highest UPF intake had the highest weight (βQ4 v. Q1 = 3·07) and BMI (βQ4 v. Q1 = 1·02, all P < 0·05) compared with those with the lowest UPF intake. Similar positive associations were observed in non-diabetic controls. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with T1DM may consume more UPF than non-diabetic controls. Positive associations between UPF consumption and obesity indicators suggest that limiting UPF can be recommended for obesity prevention and management. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Pang
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL33612, USA
| | - Heewon L Gray
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL33612, USA
| | - Amy C Alman
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL33612, USA
| | | | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Shi Lu
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Najberg H, Mouthon M, Coppin G, Spierer L. Reduction in sugar drink valuation and consumption with gamified executive control training. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10659. [PMID: 37391448 PMCID: PMC10313656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The overvaluation of high-energy, palatable food cues contributes to unhealthy eating and being overweight. Reducing the valuation of unhealthy food may thus constitute a powerful lever to improve eating habits and conditions characterized by unhealthy eating. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized intervention trial assessing the efficacy of a five to twenty days online cognitive training intervention to reduce sugary drink perceived palatability and consumption. Our intervention involved a recently identified action-to-valuation mechanism of action, in which the repeated inhibition of prepotent motor responses to hedonic food cues in a Go/NoGo (GNG) and an attentional bias modification (ABM) task eventually reduces their valuation and intake. Confirming our hypotheses, the experimental intervention with consistent (100%) mapping between motor inhibition and the targeted unhealthy sugary drinks cues induced a larger decrease in their valuation than the control intervention with inconsistent (50%) mapping (- 27.6% vs. - 19%), and a larger increase of the (water) items associated with response execution (+ 11% vs + 4.2%). Exploratory analyses suggest that the effect of training on unhealthy items valuation may persist for at least one month. Against our hypothesis, we observed equivalent reductions in self-reported consumption of sugary drinks following the two interventions (exp: - 27% vs. ctrl: - 19%, BF01 = 4.7), suggesting a dose-independent effect of motor inhibition on self-reported consumption. Our collective results corroborate the robustness and large size of the devaluation effects induced by response inhibition on palatable items, but challenge the assumption of a linear relationship between such effects and the actual consumption of the target items. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 30/03/2021. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5ESMP .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Najberg
- Laboratory for Neurorehabilitation Science, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Mouthon
- Laboratory for Neurorehabilitation Science, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Coppin
- UniDistance Suisse, Schinerstrasse 18, 3900, Brigue, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Spierer
- Laboratory for Neurorehabilitation Science, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Park S, Belfoul AM, Rastelli M, Jang A, Monnoye M, Bae H, Kamitakahara A, Giavalisco P, Sun S, Barelle PY, Plows J, Jang C, Fodor A, Goran MI, Bouret SG. Maternal low-calorie sweetener consumption rewires hypothalamic melanocortin circuits via a gut microbial co-metabolite pathway. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e156397. [PMID: 37014702 PMCID: PMC10322686 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is growing at an alarming rate, including among pregnant women. Low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) have increasingly been used as an alternative to sugar to deliver a sweet taste without the excessive caloric load. However, there is little evidence regarding their biological effects, particularly during development. Here, we used a mouse model of maternal LCS consumption to explore the impact of perinatal LCS exposure on the development of neural systems involved in metabolic regulation. We report that adult male, but not female, offspring from both aspartame- and rebaudioside A-exposed dams displayed increased adiposity and developed glucose intolerance. Moreover, maternal LCS consumption reorganized hypothalamic melanocortin circuits and disrupted parasympathetic innervation of pancreatic islets in male offspring. We then identified phenylacetylglycine (PAG) as a unique metabolite that was upregulated in the milk of LCS-fed dams and the serum of their pups. Furthermore, maternal PAG treatment recapitulated some of the key metabolic and neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with maternal LCS consumption. Together, our data indicate that maternal LCS consumption has enduring consequences on the offspring's metabolism and neural development and that these effects are likely to be mediated through the gut microbial co-metabolite PAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Park
- The Saban Research Institute, Developmental Neuroscience Program, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amine M. Belfoul
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of development and plasticity of the Neuroendocrine brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Marialetizia Rastelli
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of development and plasticity of the Neuroendocrine brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Alice Jang
- The Saban Research Institute, Developmental Neuroscience Program, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Magali Monnoye
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Hosung Bae
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Anna Kamitakahara
- The Saban Research Institute, Developmental Neuroscience Program, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pierre-Yves Barelle
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of development and plasticity of the Neuroendocrine brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Jasmine Plows
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Anthony Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael I. Goran
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sebastien G. Bouret
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of development and plasticity of the Neuroendocrine brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm UMR-S1172, Lille, France
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11
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Adedeji TG, Jeje SO, Omayone TP, Dareowolabi BO. Soda intake influences phenotype, antioxidants and inflammatory status in high protein-fed wistar rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15781. [PMID: 37180936 PMCID: PMC10172790 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing population of people, especially young adults who exercise, consume high protein diets along with carbonated drinks. While there are numerous studies on the effect of high protein diets, there is a need to understand how protein diets in combination with carbonated drinks impact physiology. In order to assess these effects on wistar rats' phenotype, antioxidants and inflammatory profiles, 64 wistar rats were divided into dietary groups of 8 male and 8 female animals each. The animals were fed standard diet as control (chow), chow and carbonated soda, a high protein diet (48.1% energy from protein) and a high protein diet with carbonated soda according to their groups. Body measurements, blood glucose levels, serum insulin levels, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, adipokines and inflammatory markers concentrations were all determined. At the end of the study, body measurements, inflammatory markers and adipokine concentration were increased in animals fed the high protein diet and high protein-soda diet. There was a decrease in antioxidant and lipid peroxidation levels in protein fed male and female animals but those fed protein in combination with soda had increased lipid peroxidation levels. In conclusion, high protein diet in combination with carbonated soda impacts physiology differently from a high protein diet alone, and may stimulate weight gain, oxidative stress and HPD-related inflammation in Wistar rats.
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Joveini H, Sharifi N, Meymary BK, Mehri A, Shahrabadi R, Rahmanian V, Hashemian M. The effect of empowerment program to reduce Sugar Consumption based on the Multi-Theory Model on Body Mass Index and abdominal obesity in Iranian women. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:207. [PMID: 37118745 PMCID: PMC10147358 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity in middle-aged women, this study was conducted to determine the effect of empowerment program to reduce sugar consumption based on the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) on Body Mass Index (BMI) and abdominal obesity in women aged 30-60 in Joven. METHODS This quasi-experimental study (include descriptive and interventional sections) was conducted on the Joven city, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran country from October 2020 to August 2021. Sampling was performed as a multi-stage cluster. First, a descriptive study was performed among 400 women, and then 128 people who were eligible to enter the interventional phase of the study were selected. In the control group, 63 people and in the intervention group, 65 people were eligible to enter the study. The educational intervention was performed in five 60-minute sessions for groups of 12 people. The instruments included the demographic questionnaire, sugar consumption checklist and researcher-made questionnaire based on MTM constructs. Before the intervention, one, three and six months after the intervention, the questionnaire was completed by both intervention and control groups also measurement of waist circumference and BMI were performed using standard instruments. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 17. RESULTS After the educational intervention, there was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in all the MTM constructs. Also, six months after the educational intervention, BMI, waist circumference and amount of consumption of sugary substances decreased significantly in the intervention group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Educational intervention based on the MTM can be effective in reducing the consumption of sugary substances and shaping behaviors related to healthy lifestyle in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Joveini
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Nader Sharifi
- Department of Public Health, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Batool Kalate Meymary
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ali Mehri
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Reza Shahrabadi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Vahid Rahmanian
- Department of Public Health, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Hashemian
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
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13
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Kelly RK, Tong TYN, Watling CZ, Reynolds A, Piernas C, Schmidt JA, Papier K, Carter JL, Key TJ, Perez-Cornago A. Associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease risk: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants. BMC Med 2023; 21:34. [PMID: 36782209 PMCID: PMC9926727 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported that the associations between dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease (CVD) may depend on the quality, rather than the quantity, of carbohydrates consumed. This study aimed to assess the associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and CVD incidence. A secondary aim was to examine the associations of carbohydrate intakes with triglycerides within lipoprotein subclasses. METHODS A total of 110,497 UK Biobank participants with ≥ two (maximum five) 24-h dietary assessments who were free from CVD and diabetes at baseline were included. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regressions were used to estimate risks of incident total CVD (4188 cases), ischaemic heart disease (IHD; 3138) and stroke (1124) by carbohydrate intakes over a median follow-up time of 9.4 years, and the effect of modelled dietary substitutions. The associations of carbohydrate intakes with plasma triglycerides within lipoprotein subclasses as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were examined in 26,095 participants with baseline NMR spectroscopy measurements. RESULTS Total carbohydrate intake was not associated with CVD outcomes. Free sugar intake was positively associated with total CVD (HR; 95% CI per 5% of energy, 1.07;1.03-1.10), IHD (1.06;1.02-1.10), and stroke (1.10;1.04-1.17). Fibre intake was inversely associated with total CVD (HR; 95% CI per 5 g/d, 0.96;0.93-0.99). Modelled isoenergetic substitution of 5% of energy from refined grain starch with wholegrain starch was inversely associated with total CVD (0.94;0.91-0.98) and IHD (0.94;0.90-0.98), and substitution of free sugars with non-free sugars was inversely associated with total CVD (0.95;0.92-0.98) and stroke (0.91;0.86-0.97). Free sugar intake was positively associated with triglycerides within all lipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS Higher free sugar intake was associated with higher CVD incidence and higher triglyceride concentrations within all lipoproteins. Higher fibre intake and replacement of refined grain starch and free sugars with wholegrain starch and non-free sugars, respectively, may be protective for incident CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K. Kelly
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Tammy Y. N. Tong
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Cody Z. Watling
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Andrew Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016 New Zealand
| | - Carmen Piernas
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Julie A. Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Keren Papier
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Jennifer L. Carter
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
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14
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Sugary drink consumption and the subsequent risk of gastric cancer: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:218-225. [PMID: 36167978 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Evidence on the association between sugary drink consumption and gastric cancer (GC) risk is limited, especially in Asian populations. This study aimed to investigate the association between consumption of sugary drinks (sugar-sweetened beverages and 100% fruit juices) and GC risk in a Japanese population. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study included 74,455 Japanese individuals aged 45-74 years (35,102 males and 39,353 females) who participated in a population-based cohort study (Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study). Sugary drinks were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of GC incidence according to the quintile of sugary drink consumption. RESULTS We identified 2141 patients with GC cases during 16.7 years of follow-up. Sugary drink consumption was not associated with GC risk. The multivariate HR of total, cardia, and non-cardia GC in the highest vs. lowest quintile of sugary drinks consumption in males was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.82-1.17; p-trend 0.48), 0.48 (95% CI: 0.23-0.99; p-trend 0.03), and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.86-1.24; p-trend 0.88), respectively. In females, the respective multivariate HRs were 1.03 (95% CI: 0.79-1.33; p-trend 0.47), 1.28 (95% CI: 0.32-5.12; p-trend 0.53), and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.78-1.32; p-trend 0.56). The results did not change significantly after adjusting for Helicobacter pylori infection and atrophic gastritis status in the subgroup analysis. CONCLUSIONS In this Japanese prospective cohort study, sugary drink consumption was not associated with GC risk.
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15
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Is cardiorespiratory fitness a moderator of the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and insulin resistance in schoolchildren? Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:213-220. [PMID: 35941230 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) decreases the association between insulin resistance and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in a population-based sample of Spanish schoolchildren. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study including 430 schoolchildren (51.4% girls), aged 8-12 years, from 10 schools in Cuenca (Spain). Blood samples were drawn to measure fasting insulin levels. Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was also assessed. Data on SSB consumption were gathered using the Children's Eating Habits Questionnaire, which was completed by parents. The CRF level was determined by the 20 m Shuttle Run test and a curvilinear allometric model. RESULTS Our conditional regression estimates showed that CRF moderated the association of SSB consumption on insulin levels or HOMA-IR. In children who had levels of CRF < 34.4 ml/kg/min ml/kg/min (for insulin levels) or < 33.6 ml/kg/min (for HOMA-IR), the association between SSB consumption and fasting insulin levels or HOMA-IR raised. Among children with CRF levels between 34.4 and 52.1 ml/kg/min (for insulin levels) or 33.6-55.4 ml/kg/min (for HOMA-IR), the association of SSB consumption on insulin level or HOMA-IR neither increased nor decreased. Among children with CRF levels > 52.1 ml/kg/min (for insulin levels) or > 55.4 ml/kg/min (for HOMA-IR), the association of SSB consumption on fasting insulin levels or HOMA-IR decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that certain levels of CRF moderate the association between SSB consumption and insulin resistance in a population-based sample of Spanish schoolchildren.
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Chang JJ, Xu N, Song LL, Li YH, Yuan MY, Zhang TT, He Y, Chen SS, Wang GF, Su PY. Association between the dietary literacy of children's daily diet providers and school-age children's nutritional status and eating behaviours: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2286. [PMID: 36474189 PMCID: PMC9727954 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity rates have increased rapidly in Chinese school-age children, and previous studies have indicated that poor dietary literacy can lead to unhealthy eating behaviours. However, few studies have investigated the association between the dietary literacy of daily diet providers and the eating behaviours and nutritional status of school-age children raised by the providers. Thus, we aimed to explore this association. METHODS We collected data on the eating behaviours and nutritional status of children in two primary schools in Anhui Province, as well as the dietary literacy of their daily diet providers. T-tests, one-way ANOVA, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression were used to analyse the association. RESULTS We found significant differences in the scores on the Questionnaire of Children's Daily Diet Providers' Dietary Literacy (QCDDPDL) by region, relationship with the child, age, and educational level of the daily diet provider (all p < .05). Moreover, the children in the low QCDDPDL score group were inclined to engage in unhealthy eating behaviours such as emotional undereating and overeating (p < .05). In addition, the incidence of overweight and obesity was higher in the low QCDDPDL attitude score group than in the high score group (p = .006). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the dietary literacy of diet providers may influence children's health and eating behaviours. Improving the dietary literacy of diet providers may promote the health status and eating behaviours of school-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Chang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Anhui, 230032 China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Maternal and Child Health Care and Family Planning Service Center Wujiang District of Suzhou City, No.551 Gaoxin Road, Jiangsu, 215200 China
| | - Ling-Ling Song
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Anhui, 230032 China
| | - Yong-Han Li
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Anhui, 230032 China
| | - Meng-Yuan Yuan
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Anhui, 230032 China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Anhui, 230032 China
| | - Yang He
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Anhui, 230032 China
| | - Shan-Shan Chen
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Anhui, 230032 China
| | - Geng-Fu Wang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Anhui, 230032 China
| | - Pu-Yu Su
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Anhui, 230032 China
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The moderating role of physical fitness in the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and adiposity in schoolchildren. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18630. [PMID: 36329113 PMCID: PMC9633592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mediating and moderating associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and handgrip strength on the association between dietary patterns and several health outcomes have been previously studied. For instance, handgrip strength has been found as a moderator of the relationship between excess weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults. Similarly, CRF has been shown as a mediator of the association between diet and obesity in children. However, to our knowledge, the role of CRF and handgrip strength on the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and adiposity is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether CRF and handgrip strength moderate the association between SSB consumption and adiposity in a population-based sample of Spanish schoolchildren. This cross-sectional study involved 475 schoolchildren (52.0% girls), aged 8-12, from ten schools in Cuenca (Spain). Adiposity was determined as body fat (in kg), which was measured using a bioimpedance analysis system. Data on SSB consumption were gathered by using the Children's Eating Habits Questionnaire, which was completed by parents. The CRF level was determined by the 20-m Shuttle Run test and Nevill's curvilinear allometric model. Handgrip strength was determined using a digital dynamometer with adjustable grip. For each unit (in ml/kg/min) of CRF increased, the association between SSB consumption and adiposity was moderated (B = - 0.09, CI 95% - 0.14 to - 0.04). This significant moderation was also found for each 0.01 unit of increased normalized handgrip strength (B = - 0.07; CI 95% - 0.11 to - 0.02). Similarly, the Johnson-Neymann technique established three different regions. The first region shows that the association of SSB consumption on adiposity in participants who had levels of CRF < 43.4 ml/kg/min or handgrip strength < 0.34 was greater and statistically significant. The second region (43.4-57.4 ml/kg/min for CRF; 0.34-0.58 for normalized handgrip strength) depicted that the association between SSB consumption and adiposity was not statistically significant in those with a CRF level or normalized handgrip strength between the lower and upper thresholds. The third region was found at > 57.4 ml/kg/min (for CRF level) and > 0.58 (for normalized handgrip strength), indicating that the association between SSB consumption and adiposity was lower and statistically significant in children above these moderator values. Our results showed that certain levels of CRF and normalized handgrip strength moderate the association between SSB consumption and adiposity in a sample of Spanish schoolchildren. It might be possible that higher physical fitness level in childhood may contribute to reducing the association between SSB consumption and adiposity.
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Two countries, similar practices: the political practices of the food industry influencing the adoption of key public health nutrition policies in Guatemala and Panama. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:3252-3264. [PMID: 35993181 PMCID: PMC9991768 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022001811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the corporate political activity (CPA) strategies used by food industry actors during the development of two public health nutrition policies in Central America: Law #570 (taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages) in Panama and Bill #5504 (labelling and food marketing regulations) in Guatemala. DESIGN We triangulated data from publicly available information from 2018 to 2020, (e.g. industry and government materials; social media material) with semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. SETTING Guatemala and Panama. PARTICIPANTS Government, academia and international organisations workers in health and nutrition. DESIGN CPA strategies were categorised according to an existing internationally used taxonomy into action-based, instrumental strategies (coalition management, information management, direct involvement and influence in policy, legal action) and discursive strategies. RESULTS Instrumental strategies included the establishment of relationships with policymakers and direct lobbying against the proposed public policies. Discursive strategies were mainly criticising on the unfounded ground that they lacked evidence of effectiveness and will imply negative impacts on the economy. The industry pointed at individuals for making their own food choices, in order to shift the focus away from the role of its products in contributing to ill health. CONCLUSION We provide evidence of the political practices used by the food industry to interfere with the development and implementation of public health nutrition policies to improve diets in Central America. Policymakers, public health advocates and the public should be informed about those practices and develop counterstrategies and arguments to protect the public and policies from the vested interests of the food industry.
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Are intentions to change, policy awareness, or health knowledge related to changes in dietary intake following a sugar-sweetened beverage tax in South Africa? A before-and-after study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:136. [PMID: 36307849 PMCID: PMC9617427 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In April 2018, South Africa implemented the Health Promotion Levy (HPL), one of the first sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes to be based on each gram of sugar (beyond 4 g/100mL). The objectives of this study were to examine whether the psychological constructs tax awareness, SSB knowledge, SSB risk perception, and intentions to reduce SSB intake were associated with taxed beverage intake, whether they changed from pre- to post-tax, and whether they modified the effect of the HPL. METHODS We collected single day 24-hour dietary recalls surveyed from repeat cross-sectional surveys of adults aged 18-39 years in Langa, South Africa. Participants were recruited in February-March 2018 (pre-tax, N = 2,481) and February-March 2019 (post-tax, N = 2,507) using door-to-door sampling. Surveys measured tax awareness, SSB knowledge, SSB risk perception, and intention to reduce SSB intake. SSB intake was estimated using a two-part model. To examine changes over time, logistic regression models were used for binary outcomes (tax awareness and intention to reduce SSB consumption) and linear regression models for continuous outcomes (SSB knowledge SSB risk perceptions). Effect modification was tested using interaction terms for each psychological construct with time. RESULTS No constructs were associated with SSB intake at baseline. At post-tax, the predicted probability to consume taxed beverages was 33.5% (95% CI 28.5-38.5%) for those who expressed an intention to reduce SSB intake compared to 45.9% (95% CI 43.7-48.1%) for those who did not. Among consumers, intending to reduce SSB intake was associated with 55 (95% CI 28 to 82) kcal/capita/day less SSBs consumed. Tax awareness, SSB knowledge, and SSB risk perception increased by a small amount from pre- to post-tax. Intentions to reduce SSB intake was lower in the post-tax period. The tax effect on SSB intake was modified by SSB knowledge and intention to reduce SSB intake, with higher levels of each associated with lower SSB intake. CONCLUSION After the South African SSB tax was implemented, SSB knowledge and risk perception increased slightly, tax awareness remained low, and only SSB knowledge and behavioral intention to change were significantly associated with taxed beverage intake among participants recruited from a low-income South African township.
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FTO Common Obesity SNPs Interact with Actionable Environmental Factors: Physical Activity, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Wine Consumption. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194202. [PMID: 36235854 PMCID: PMC9572787 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic background is estimated to play >50% in common obesity etiology. FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are strongly associated with BMI, typically in European cohorts. We investigated the interaction of common FTO SNPs with actionable environmental factors, namely physical activity, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and wine consumption, and verified FTO common SNPs predisposition to obesity in the Israeli population. Adults’ (>18 years old, n = 1720) FTO common SNPs data and lifestyle and nutrition habits questionnaires were analyzed using binary logistic regression models, adjusted for confounding variables (age, sex) assuming dominant, recessive and additive genetic models. Eighteen FTO SNPs were associated with significant increased obesity risk and interacted with physical activity (p < 0.001), wine consumption (p < 0.014) and SSB consumption (p < 0.01). Inactive rs9939609 risk-allele carriers had significantly higher obesity risk compared to their active counterparts (OR = 2.54, 95% CI 1.91−3.39 and OR = 3.77, 95% CI 2.47−5.75; p < 0.001 with 3.1 and 3.5 BMI increment for heterozygotes and homozygotes, respectively). SSB consumption (≥1 serving/day) significantly raised obesity risk and wine consumption (1−3 drinks/weekly) significantly lowered obesity risk for rs9939609 risk-allele carriers (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.05−2.27; p = 0.028 and OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.47−0.79; p < 0.001, respectively). Our findings demonstrate that actionable lifestyle factors modify the common FTO obesity risk in predisposed carriers, and they have personal and public health implications.
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Liu H, Bi C, Lin H, Ma W, Zhang J, Hu YY, Liu JZ. Compared with dietary behavior and physical activity risk, sedentary behavior risk is an important factor in overweight and obesity: evidence from a study of children and adolescents aged 13-18 years in Xinjiang, China. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:582. [PMID: 36207679 PMCID: PMC9540291 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition or insufficient physical activity (PA) is a risk factor for obesity and chronic disease in children and adolescents. Affected by different economic circumstance, ethnic, dietary behavior, physical activity and other factors, children and adolescents in Xinjiang, China are facing a severe situation of overweight and obesity prevention and control. It is necessary to analyze the dietary behavior and physical activity of children and adolescents with different nutritional status and the relationship between them. METHODS Using a stratified cluster sampling method in Xinjiang, China, 4833 middle school students aged 13-18 were selected., and tests for height and weight were conducted. Self-assessment questionnaires were completed for Dietary Behaviors, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behaviors as well. Chi-square test, Logistic regression analysis and other methods were used to analyze the relationship between Dietary Behaviors, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors and other health behavior risk factors and Weight and BMI. RESULTS Children and adolescents aged 13-18 in Xinjiang, China, girls had a lower BMI compared with boys(19.49 VS. 20.41). The proportions of Underweight, Overweight and Obese among girls were lower (Underweight: 11.8 VS. 14.5; Overweight: 7.6 VS. 12.7; Obese 2.3 VS. 7.0).Boys with higher risk of sedentary had a 1.46-fold higher risk of developing Overweight/Obese than those with lower risk of sedentary (95%CI: 1.07-2.01).Girls with higher risky diet had a 1.56-fold higher risk of developing Underweight than those with lower risky diet (95%CI: 1.11-2.19). For all participants, the risk of Overweight/Obese in children and adolescents with higher risk of sedentary was 1.45 times more than that of children and adolescents with lower Risk sedentary (95%CI: 1.12 ~ 1.88). Overall, Weight had a significant correlation with PA risk (r = 0.076, P < 0.01) and sedentary behavior risk (r = 0.035, P < 0.05). BMI had a key correlation with PA risk (r = 0.064, P < 0.01) and sedentary behavior risk (r = 0.037, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The detection rate of Underweight among children and adolescents aged 13-18 in Xinjiang, China is higher, while the detection rate of Overweight and Obese is lower than that of the whole country. Static behavior was an important factor affecting the occurrence of Overweight and Obese in children and adolescents, and the performance of boys was more obvious than that of girls.The results further improve the data on the weight status of Chinese children and adolescents and their influencing factors, and call on Chinese society and schools to continue their efforts to prevent and reduce malnutrition and obesity among children and adolescents in Xinjiang.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Research Department of Physical Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 800002 China
| | - Cunjian Bi
- School of Physical Education, Chizhou University, Chizhou, 247000 China
- Sports Health Promotion Center, Chizhou University, Chizhou, 247000 China
| | - Hongniu Lin
- School of Physical Education, Chizhou University, Chizhou, 247000 China
- Sports Health Promotion Center, Chizhou University, Chizhou, 247000 China
| | - Wei Ma
- Xinjiang Sports Vocational and Technical College, Urumqi, 830007 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Chizhou University, Chizhou, 247000 China
- Sports Health Promotion Center, Chizhou University, Chizhou, 247000 China
| | - Yan-Yan Hu
- Research Department of Physical Education, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi, 830023 China
| | - Jing-Zhi Liu
- Research Department of Physical Education, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi, 830023 China
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22
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Fu T, Chen H, Chen X, Sun Y, Xie Y, Deng M, Hesketh T, Wang X, Chen J. Sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages and natural juices and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a cohort study of 121,490 participants. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:1018-1029. [PMID: 35848057 PMCID: PMC9546432 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have been related to high-sugar dietary patterns, but the associations of different types of beverages with IBD risk are largely unknown. AIMS To examine any associations between intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages and natural juices and IBD risk METHODS: This cohort study included 121,490 participants in the UK Biobank who were free of IBD at recruitment. Intake of beverages was obtained from repeated 24-h diet recalls in 2009-2012. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of beverage intake with IBD risk. RESULTS During a mean (standard deviation) follow-up of 10.2 (1.5) years, we documented 510 incident IBD cases, (143 Crohn's disease (CD) and 367 ulcerative colitis (UC)). Compared to non-consumers, participants consuming >1 unit per day of sugar-sweetened beverages were at significantly higher risk of IBD (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.11-2.05), but the trend was non-significant (p-trend = 0.170). This association was significant for CD (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.22-3.46), but not for UC (HR 1.31, 95% CI 0.89-1.92). We did not observe significant associations for the consumption of artificially sweetened beverages or natural juices. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, rather than artificially sweetened beverages or natural juices, and IBD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minzi Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Therese Hesketh
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Liu E, Chang SH. Self-esteem and weight status of young adults: Findings from a pilot study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:263. [PMID: 36325221 PMCID: PMC9621350 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1195_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have examined the association between self-esteem and obesity in past studies. However, most studies have focused on pediatric or adolescent populations. In this pilot study, we aim to explore the association of self-esteem with weight status in young adults, a group of individuals in a significant and pivotal period of their lives whose needs and challenges have received little attention in previous studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Exactly 127 college juniors and seniors in the Midwest participated in late 2017. For our survey, we collected the following information: body weight, height, self-esteem score from the state self-esteem scale, grade point average, risk of eating disorders, sleep quality, nutritional behavior, lifestyle (smoking, frequency of exercise, alcohol drinking, average daily time watching television, playing video games, and social media use), and demographic and socioeconomic background. We used logistic regression for our analysis. RESULTS The logistic regression indicates that a one-point increase in the self-esteem score was negatively associated with a young adult's odds of having an unhealthy weight (being overweight or obese) by approximately 3%. Furthermore, soda drinking is a statistically significant factor associated with weight status. CONCLUSIONS This finding suggests self-esteem is positively associated with a healthy weight in young adults. A larger-scale study should be conducted in the future to validate this relationship and better understand young adults' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Echu Liu
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Su-Hsin Chang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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Yang Y, Yuan S, Liu Q, Li F, Dong Y, Dong B, Zou Z, Ma J, Baker JS, Li X, Liang W. Meeting 24-Hour Movement and Dietary Guidelines: Prevalence, Correlates and Association with Weight Status among Children and Adolescents: A National Cross-Sectional Study in China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142822. [PMID: 35889779 PMCID: PMC9317649 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
China is confronted with a “double burden” of underweight and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of meeting 24 h movement and dietary guidelines among Chinese children and adolescents. Further, the study aimed to examine the association of meeting 24 h movement and dietary guidelines with weight status in Chinese children and adolescents. A total of 34,887 Chinese children and adolescents were involved. Only 2.1% of participants met the 24 h movement guidelines. Compared to those who met all three 24 h movement guidelines, those who only met the sleep duration guideline was significantly associated with a higher risk of underweight (p < 0.05), and those who only met the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, or screen time guidelines were significantly associated with a higher risk of overweight/obesity (p < 0.05). Compared with those meeting the dietary guidelines, those who did not meet the soft drink intake guideline had a significantly lower risk of underweight (p < 0.05), those who did not meet the fruit intake guideline had a significantly lower risk of overweight/obesity (p < 0.05), and those who did not meet the milk intake guideline showed a significantly higher risk of overweight/obesity (p < 0.001). These findings indicate a significant association between meeting the 24 h movement and dietary guidelines and weight status among Chinese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yide Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (Q.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (B.D.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.)
| | - Shuqian Yuan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (Q.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Feifei Li
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (F.L.); (J.S.B.)
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (B.D.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (X.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (B.D.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.)
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (B.D.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.)
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (B.D.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.)
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (F.L.); (J.S.B.)
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xianxiong Li
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (X.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Liang
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (F.L.); (J.S.B.)
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (X.L.); (W.L.)
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25
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Learning from missing data: examining nonreporting patterns of height, weight, and BMI among Canadian youth. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1598-1607. [PMID: 35650253 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth body mass index (BMI), derived from self-reported height and weight, is commonly prone to nonreporting. A considerable proportion of overweight and obesity (OWOB) research relies on such self-report data, however little literature to date has examined this nonreporting and the potential impact on research conclusions. The objective of this study was to examine the characteristics and predictors of missing data in youth BMI, height, and weight. METHODS Using a sample of 74,501 Canadian secondary school students who participated in the COMPASS study in 2018/19, sex-stratified generalized linear mixed models were run to examine predictors of missing data while controlling for school-level clustering. RESULTS In this sample, 31% of BMI data were missing. A variety of diet, exercise, mental health, and substance use variables were associated with BMI, height, and weight missingness. Perceptions of being overweight (females: 95% CI (1.42,1.62), males: 95% CI (1.71,2.00)) as well as intentions to lose weight (females: 95% CI (1.17,1.33), males: 95% CI (1.13,1.32)) were positively associated with BMI missingness. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest that nonreporting in youth height and weight is likely somewhat related to the values themselves, and hint that social desirability may play a substantial role in nonreporting. The predictors of missingness identified in this study can be used to inform future studies on the potential bias stemming from missing data and identify auxiliary variables that may be used for multiple imputation approaches.
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Malavolta M, Pallante L, Mavkov B, Stojceski F, Grasso G, Korfiati A, Mavroudi S, Kalogeras A, Alexakos C, Martos V, Amoroso D, Di Benedetto G, Piga D, Theofilatos K, Deriu MA. A survey on computational taste predictors. Eur Food Res Technol 2022; 248:2215-2235. [PMID: 35637881 PMCID: PMC9134981 DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Taste is a sensory modality crucial for nutrition and survival, since it allows the discrimination between healthy foods and toxic substances thanks to five tastes, i.e., sweet, bitter, umami, salty, and sour, associated with distinct nutritional or physiological needs. Today, taste prediction plays a key role in several fields, e.g., medical, industrial, or pharmaceutical, but the complexity of the taste perception process, its multidisciplinary nature, and the high number of potentially relevant players and features at the basis of the taste sensation make taste prediction a very complex task. In this context, the emerging capabilities of machine learning have provided fruitful insights in this field of research, allowing to consider and integrate a very large number of variables and identifying hidden correlations underlying the perception of a particular taste. This review aims at summarizing the latest advances in taste prediction, analyzing available food-related databases and taste prediction tools developed in recent years. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00217-022-04044-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Malavolta
- PolitoBIOMedLab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lorenzo Pallante
- PolitoBIOMedLab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Bojan Mavkov
- GIPSA-lab, F-38000, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Filip Stojceski
- Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA-USI/SUPSI), Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Gianvito Grasso
- Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA-USI/SUPSI), Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | | | - Seferina Mavroudi
- InSyBio PC, Patras, Greece
- Department of Nursing, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Christos Alexakos
- Athena Research Center, Industrial Systems Institute, Patras, Greece
| | - Vanessa Martos
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Daria Amoroso
- Enginlife Engineering Solutions, Turin, Italy
- 7hc srl, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Dario Piga
- Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA-USI/SUPSI), Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | | | - Marco Agostino Deriu
- PolitoBIOMedLab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
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Sanchez-Siles L, Román S, Haro-Vicente JF, Bernal MJ, Klerks M, Ros G, Gil Á. Less Sugar and More Whole Grains in Infant Cereals: A Sensory Acceptability Experiment With Infants and Their Parents. Front Nutr 2022; 9:855004. [PMID: 35634381 PMCID: PMC9137414 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.855004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to reduce sugar intake in early childhood. Commercial infant cereals are among the first solid foods introduced to infants at the beginning of the complementary feeding period in most countries. The aim of this study was to examine infants' overall acceptability of low-sugar complementary cereals. To do so, a between-subjects experimental study with 165 parents and their infants aged 6-24 months was conducted where one group tested a high-sugar refined cereal (21 g/100 g), and the other a low-sugar cereal (<1 g/100 g) with 50% of whole grain, which represented a 95.2% decrease in sugar content. We found no significant differences between the two groups in terms of infants' overall acceptability (infant's reaction, estimated intake and relative intake). Importantly, infants' reactions to high- and low-sugar cereals were not influenced by the time that infants had been consuming sweet cereals (15-25% sugar) before the experiment took place. In addition, parent's overall liking and sensory evaluation (sweetness, color, taste, texture, and aroma) was positive and very similar in both groups. Overall, our findings show that it is feasible to reduce sugar content in infant cereals without sacrificing its sensory acceptability by infants and their parents. This represents a good opportunity for the infant food industry to adhere to current healthy and sustainable demands of lowering the sugar intake leading to important benefits in infants' health, without compromising competitiveness in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisma Sanchez-Siles
- Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, Lenzburg, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Román
- Department of Marketing, Facultad de Economía y Empresa, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan F. Haro-Vicente
- Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, Lenzburg, Switzerland
| | - Maria Jose Bernal
- Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, Lenzburg, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Klerks
- Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, Lenzburg, Switzerland
| | - Gaspar Ros
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- ibs. GRANADA, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Giussani M, Lieti G, Orlando A, Parati G, Genovesi S. Fructose Intake, Hypertension and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Aspects. A Narrative Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:792949. [PMID: 35492316 PMCID: PMC9039289 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.792949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, alterations in glucose metabolism and fatty liver, either alone or in association, are frequently observed in obese children and may seriously jeopardize their health. For obesity to develop, an excessive intake of energy-bearing macronutrients is required; however, ample evidence suggests that fructose may promote the development of obesity and/or metabolic alterations, independently of its energy intake. Fructose consumption is particularly high among children, because they do not have the perception, and more importantly, neither do their parents, that high fructose intake is potentially dangerous. In fact, while this sugar is erroneously viewed favorably as a natural nutrient, its excessive intake can actually cause adverse cardio-metabolic alterations. Fructose induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduces the production of anti-atherosclerotic cytokines, such as adiponectin. Furthermore, by interacting with hunger and satiety control systems, particularly by inducing leptin resistance, it leads to increased caloric intake. Fructose, directly or through its metabolites, promotes the development of obesity, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and fatty liver. This review aims to highlight the mechanisms by which the early and excessive consumption of fructose may contribute to the development of a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors in children, thus representing a potential danger to their health. It will also describe the main clinical trials performed in children and adolescents that have evaluated the clinical effects of excessive intake of fructose-containing drinks and food, with particular attention to the effects on blood pressure. Finally, we will discuss the effectiveness of measures that can be taken to reduce the intake of this sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giussani
- Cardiologic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lieti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonina Orlando
- Cardiologic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Cardiologic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Simonetta Genovesi
- Cardiologic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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29
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Sakai Y, Rahayu YYS, Araki T. Nutritional Value of Canteen Menus and Dietary Habits and Intakes of University Students in Indonesia. Nutrients 2022; 14:1911. [PMID: 35565878 PMCID: PMC9105855 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive assessment of the dietary status of university students in Indonesia is lacking. Hence, this study aims to assess students' dietary habits, status, and the nutritive value of meals offered at university canteens. This was a cross-sectional study based on the dietary habits of 333 students, 26 of whom were interviewed for the dietary survey. The nutritional value of canteen menus used by nearly half of the students (44%) was also examined. Most menus lacked macro and micronutrients (i.e., calcium, 15.5%) and were high in salt (181.5%). BMIs showed malnutrition among students (38.5%). The protein, fat, carbohydrate (PFC) ratio showed a high proportion of fat (32.4%) in the diets of female students. The level of salt intake (96.2%) was above the Indonesian recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Most students had unhealthy dietary patterns, including a high consumption of sweet beverages and instant noodles and a low intake of fruits, vegetables, animal protein, and milk. The lack of nutrients in canteen menus might lead to a nutrient deficiency among the students, which underlines the important role of canteens in the students' dietary intake. Optimizing the nutritional profile of menus, labeling based on nutrient profiling, and promoting nutrition education should be addressed to improve students' diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Sakai
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| | - Yen Yen Sally Rahayu
- Tokyo College, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Tetsuya Araki
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
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Arroyo-Quiroz C, Brunauer R, Alavez S. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Cancer Risk: A Narrative Review. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3077-3095. [PMID: 35486421 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2069827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer continues to be a major public health challenge worldwide, not only for being one of the leading causes of death but also because the number of incident cases is projected to grow in the next decades. Meanwhile, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption has risen since the past century and constitutes a considerable fraction of added sugars in daily diet. Several studies have analyzed the relationship between SSB intake and health and found substantial evidence for effects on obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, there is little knowledge about the relationship of SSB with cancer risk. It may be speculated that there is an indirect relationship between SSB and cancer through obesity and metabolic syndrome, but obesity-independent associations through hormonal imbalances or chronic inflammation could also exist. In this review, we describe the epidemiological evidence of the association of SSB and the risk of cancer in adults. Although the epidemiological evidence linking SSB consumption and cancer risk is still limited, prospective studies suggest that high SSB intake may increase the risk of obesity-related cancers, breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Arroyo-Quiroz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Lerma de Villada, Mexico
| | - Regina Brunauer
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Silvestre Alavez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Lerma de Villada, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
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Huse O, Reeve E, Baker P, Hunt D, Bell C, Peeters A, Backholer K. The nutrition transition, food retail transformations, and policy responses to overnutrition in the East Asia region: A descriptive review. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13412. [PMID: 34981877 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The East Asia region is facing an increasing burden of overweight, obesity and related noncommunicable diseases, resulting from an ongoing nutrition transition. This study aimed to document the growing burden of overweight and obesity, and the accompanying dietary shifts, in the East Asia region and describe the policy responses to this. METHODS We present noncommunicable disease risk factor collaboration data on trends in the burden of malnutrition, and Euromonitor International data on trends in dietary purchases, in the East Asia region. We searched the NOURISHING and GINA databases to identify food and nutrition policies implemented in these countries. RESULTS There is an ongoing nutrition transition in the East Asia region, notably in upper-middle and lower-middle income countries. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and accompanying health conditions, purchases of ultra-processed foods and beverages, and purchasing from supermarkets, fast-food and takeaway outlets, and other convenience retailers, are increasing. The policy response to this nutrition transition is limited, with the majority of policies implemented in higher-income countries. CONCLUSIONS East Asian countries are facing a growing burden of malnutrition, due in part to the dietary shifts occurring here. An ecological approach to policy intervention is needed to drive transformative food systems change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Huse
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Erica Reeve
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Phillip Baker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Daniel Hunt
- Independent Researcher and Freelance Public Health Consultant, Bath, UK
| | - Colin Bell
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anna Peeters
- Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Thamrin SA, Arsyad DS, Kuswanto H, Lawi A, Arundhana AI. Obesity Risk-Factor Variation Based on Island Clusters: A Secondary Analysis of Indonesian Basic Health Research 2018. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050971. [PMID: 35267946 PMCID: PMC8912714 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a rising global health problem affecting quality of life for adults. The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence of obesity in Indonesian adults based on the cluster of islands. The study also aims to identify the risk factors of obesity in each island cluster. This study analyzes the secondary data of Indonesian Basic Health Research 2018. Data for this analysis comprised 618,910 adults (≥18 years) randomly selected, proportionate to the population size throughout Indonesia. We included 20 variables for the socio-demographic and obesity-related risk factors for analysis. The obesity status was defined using Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. Our current study defines 7 major island clusters as the unit analysis consisting of 34 provinces in Indonesia. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the characteristics of the population and to calculate the prevalence of obesity within the provinces in each of the island clusters. Multivariate logistic regression analyses to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) was performed using SPSS version 27. The study results show that all the island clusters have at least one province with an obesity prevalence above the national prevalence (35.4%). Six out of twenty variables, comprising four dietary factors (the consumption of sweet food, high-salt food, meat, and carbonated drinks) and one psychological factor (mental health disorders), varied across the island clusters. In conclusion, there was a variation of obesity prevalence of the provinces within and between island clusters. The variation of risk factors found in each island cluster suggests that a government rethink of the current intervention strategies to address obesity is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Astuti Thamrin
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +62-(411)-588-551
| | - Dian Sidik Arsyad
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hedi Kuswanto
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
| | - Armin Lawi
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
| | - Andi Imam Arundhana
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
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Abstract
Increasing rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dental caries) are positively associated with the consumption of added sugars, particularly in sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). Governments worldwide have implemented SSB taxes to reduce the consumption of sugars added to beverages to reduce the prevalence of NCDs. There is a tax on manufactured products, including SSBs in Brazil. However, in 2016 and 2018, the Brazilian federal government decreased the tax rate, bucking global trends. The SSB industry has criticised such policies, and current tax levels are too low to reduce consumption sufficiently to prevent harm. Research supports positive public health impact potential for a higher SSB tax in Brazil. Sharing experience among countries and complementary policies (nutrition education and front of pack labelling) could increase the positive impacts of an SSB tax. We describe the history of SSB taxes in Brazil and the rationale it provides for specific SSB taxes across the country.
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Hall MG, Grummon AH, Higgins ICA, Lazard AJ, Prestemon CE, Avendaño-Galdamez MI, Taillie LS. The impact of pictorial health warnings on purchases of sugary drinks for children: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003885. [PMID: 35104297 PMCID: PMC8806063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pictorial warnings on tobacco products are promising for motivating behavior change, but few studies have examined pictorial warnings for sugary drinks, especially in naturalistic environments. This study aimed to examine the impact of pictorial warnings on parents' purchases of sugary drinks for their children in a naturalistic store laboratory. METHODS AND FINDINGS Parents of children ages 2 to 12 (n = 325, 25% identifying as Black, 20% Hispanic) completed a shopping task in a naturalistic store laboratory in North Carolina. Participants were randomly assigned to a pictorial warnings arm (sugary drinks displayed pictorial health warnings about type 2 diabetes and heart damage) or a control arm (sugary drinks displayed a barcode label). Parents selected 1 beverage and 1 snack for their child, as well as 1 household good; one of these items was selected for them to purchase and take home. The primary outcome was whether parents purchased a sugary drink for their child. Secondary outcomes included reactions to the trial labels, attitudes toward sugary drinks, and intentions to serve their child sugary drinks. Pictorial warnings led to a 17-percentage point reduction in purchases of sugary drinks (95% CI for reduction: 7% to 27%), with 45% of parents in the control arm buying a sugary drink for their child compared to 28% in the pictorial warning arm (p = 0.002). The impact of pictorial warnings on purchases did not differ by any of the 13 participant characteristics examined (e.g., race/ethnicity, income, education, and age of child). Pictorial warnings also led to lower calories (kcal), purchased from sugary drinks (82 kcal in the control arm versus 52 kcal in the pictorial warnings arm, p = 0.003). Moreover, pictorial warnings led to lower intentions to serve sugary drinks to their child, feeling more in control of healthy eating decisions, greater thinking about the harms of sugary drinks, stronger negative emotional reactions, greater anticipated social interactions, lower perceived healthfulness of sugary drinks for their child, and greater injunctive norms to limit sugary drinks for their child (all p < 0.05). There was no evidence of difference between trial arms on noticing of the labels, appeal of sugary drinks, perceived amount of added sugar in sugary drinks, risk perceptions, or perceived tastiness of sugary drinks (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pictorial warnings reduced parents' purchases of sugary drinks for their children in this naturalistic trial. Warnings on sugary drinks are a promising policy approach to reduce sugary drink purchasing in the US. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial design, measures, power calculation, and analytic plan were registered before data collection at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT04223687.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa G. Hall
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Anna H. Grummon
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Isabella C. A. Higgins
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Allison J. Lazard
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carmen E. Prestemon
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mirian I. Avendaño-Galdamez
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened or Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Semen Quality in Young Men: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020682. [PMID: 35055501 PMCID: PMC8775653 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing literature suggests that frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks may be associated with lower semen quality. Studies performed in mice suggest a dose-response relationship between intake of saccharin or aspartame, two artificial sweeteners, and sperm and testis function. METHODS A cross-sectional study based on data from The Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) Cohort, including 1047 young men (mean age = 19 years) was performed. Each male participant completed an online questionnaire on health, health behavior and diet, and provided a semen sample. The associations between consumption of sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened beverages (moderate ≥ 3 days/week; infrequent < 3 days/week) and semen quality were analyzed using a multivariable, negative, binomial regression model. RESULTS Sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened beverage consumption was not strongly associated with either semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count or total motility in young men. The proportion of morphologically normal sperm was 11% lower (0.89 (95% CI 0.76, 1.04)) for moderate (≥3 days/week) consumption of artificially sweetened beverages relative to infrequent (<3 days/week). CONCLUSION Consumption of sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened beverages, at the levels present in this study had limited effect on the measured markers of semen quality in young men.
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Yao Y, Shi S, Yang Y, Luo B, Li M, Zhang L, Yuan X, Liu H, Zhang K. Effects of chronic bubble tea administration on behavior and cognition in C57BL/6 mice. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1044052. [PMID: 36569608 PMCID: PMC9768033 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1044052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a lack of rigorous experimental evidence to verify the effects of bubble tea on body weight and mental health, especially whether it is an addictive thing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to two groups, including the bubble-tea and the control group. The change in their body weight was calculated. Behavior tests include novel object recognition test (NORT), elevated plus maze test (EPMT), forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), conditioned place preference (CPP). RESULTS There was a significant time effect on weight change of the two groups (F = 36.83, P < 0.01). The bubble tea-treated mice spent significantly less time in the open arms, indicating an increase in anxiety (t = 2.39, P = 0.03). In FST, bubble tea treatment produced a significantly increased immobility time (186.58 ± 29.67 s) as compared to pure water treated group (112.50 ± 46.67 s) (t = -3.79, P < 0.01). Similarly, the immobility time in the TST was also significantly increased by bubble tea treatment (437.63 ± 27.72 s) compared to the treatment with pure water (340.24 ± 77.22 s) (t = -3.36, P < 0.01). We investigated the rewarding effects of bubble tea, using the CPP paradigm, which measures the rewarding properties of abused drugs. Independent-samples t-test revealed no significant difference between the two groups (t = -0.47, P = 0.65). CONCLUSION In conclusion, we showed that long-term administration of bubble tea could not induce addictive behavior in mice. Meanwhile, the long-term effects of bubble tea on weight were also very limited. However, long-term consumption of bubble tea can lead to anxiety and depression-like behaviors and impair cognitive function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitan Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shengya Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yating Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bei Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengdie Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoping Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Ptomey LT, Oreskovic NM, Hendrix JA, Nichols D, Agiovlasitis S. Weight management recommendations for youth with Down syndrome: Expert recommendations. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1064108. [PMID: 36819200 PMCID: PMC9937587 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1064108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Youth with Down syndrome (DS) have a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity compared to the general youth population. Due to physiological and cognitive differences observed in youth with DS, weight management recommendations developed for the general population, may not be suitable for youth with DS. However, there are no recent recommendations for weight management in youth with DS. A workgroup of clinicians and researchers with extensive experience working with youth with DS came together to give clinicians and families guidance for weight management in youth with DS. Recommendations were developed by the workgroup via a methodical, deliberative process. After the initial development of the recommendations, they were shared with an expert review panel and caregivers who rated the strength of the recommendation and strength of the evidence. The workgroup moved forward the recommendations which the review panels rated as strong. Eight recommendations were developed which focused on screening for overweight and obesity, screening for health conditions that may impact dietary intake and physical activity, screening for feeding difficulties, setting appropriate recommendations for dietary intake and physical activity, and well as prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity using evidence-based strategies. These recommendations can be implemented by clinicians working with youth with Down syndrome as well as the family, school, and other relevant entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T Ptomey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Nicolas M Oreskovic
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Dominica Nichols
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stamatis Agiovlasitis
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
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Moradi M, Jalilpiran Y, Askari M, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Associations between mother-child dyad dietary patterns and child anthropometric measures among 6-year-old children. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:225-234. [PMID: 34259893 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to study relationships between maternal and children's dietary patterns (DPs) and to assess how children's DP was associated with child anthropometry. This cross-sectional study included 788 pairs of 6-year-old girls and mothers in health centers in Tehran, Iran. Information on dietary intake was collected with a 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Principal component factor analysis was performed to label different data-driven dietary patterns. Three different binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between child's DPs and child anthropometry. A positive correlation was found between all maternal patterns and child's Western DP (p < 0.001). Maternal prudent and Western DPs were correlated with child's high-protein DP (p < 0.001). Children's high-protein DP was negatively correlated with maternal high fat DP (p < 0.001). Maternal prudent and high fat DPs were correlated with prudent DP in children (p < 0.001). In adjusted models, a child being in the highest compared to the first quartile of the high-protein DP was associated with decreased odds of underweight and wasting (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.23-0.80).Conclusion: The present study showed inverse associations between a high-protein DP in children and being underweight and wasted. Also, a positive correlation was found between all maternal DPs and children's Western DPs. This correlation should be taken into account while managing child nutrition by means of educating parents on the influence of their own dietary pattern on their children. Moreover, getting enough protein through a balanced diet should be considered in children. What is Known: • Some research exists on the intake of specific foods in relation to risk of abnormal growth in children. • Less is known about the relationship between mothers' and children's food intake. What is New: • Better adherence to a high-protein dietary pattern was significantly associated with lower risk of being both underweight and wasted. • This study suggests that correlation between mothers' and their children's dietary patterns exists, which should be taken into consideration when managing child nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Moradi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yahya Jalilpiran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pamela J Surkan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Xu X, Yan AF, Wang Y, Shi Z. Dietary Patterns and Changes in Weight Status Among Chinese Men and Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2021; 9:709535. [PMID: 34966710 PMCID: PMC8710477 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.709535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To identify dietary patterns during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to examine their association with changes in weight status in the Chinese population. Methods: The 2020 China COVID-19 cross-sectional survey is an anonymous 74-item survey administered via social media across 31 provinces in mainland China between April and May 2020. Dietary data were assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire and the changes in weight status were self-reported. Exploratory factor analysis using the principal component analysis method was applied to identify dietary patterns. The multinomial regression models were conducted, and forest plots were used to present the associations between dietary patterns and changes in weight status. Results: Of a total of 10,545 adults (aged ≥18 years), more than half of participants reported to have weight gain, with 18.6% of men and 16.3% of women having weight gain >2.5 kg. Approximately 8% of participants reported to have weight loss, with 2.1% of men and 2.5% women having weight loss >2.5 kg. Two dietary patterns, namely, the modern and prudent dietary patterns, were identified during the COVID-19 pandemic. The modern dietary pattern was loaded heavily with soft drinks, fried foods, pickles, and inversely with fresh vegetables. The prudent dietary pattern was characterized by high intake of fresh fruits, vegetables, and inversely with soft drinks and fried food. The modern dietary pattern was positively associated with weight gain in men and women, while the prudent dietary pattern was negatively associated with both weight gain and loss in men and women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Dietary patterns during COVID-19 are significantly associated with the changes in weight status, which may subsequently increase the risk of diet-related non-communicable disease among the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Xu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Alice F Yan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Youfa Wang
- School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Wu YH, Moore S, Ma Y, Dube L. Longitudinal geo-referenced field evidence for the heightened BMI responsiveness of obese women to price discounts on carbonated soft drinks. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261749. [PMID: 34965263 PMCID: PMC8716038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the effect that food environments may have on obesity, particularly through mechanisms related to the marketing and consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods and sugary beverages. Price promotions, such as temporary price discounts, have been particularly effective in the marketing of carbonated soft drinks (CSDs) among consumers. Research has also suggested that the purchasing behavior of consumer groups may be differentially sensitive to price discounts on CSDs, with obese women particularly sensitive. In addition, the intensity of price discount in a person's food environment may also vary across geography and over time. This study examines whether the weight change of obese women, compared to overweight or normal BMI women, is more sensitive to the intensity of price discounts on CSDs in the food environment. This study used longitudinal survey data from 1622 women in the Montreal Neighborhood Networks and Health Aging (MoNNET-HA) Panel. Women were asked to report their height and weight in 2008, 2010 and 2013 in order to calculate women's BMI in 2008 and their change of weight between 2008 and 2013. Women's exposure to an unhealthy food environment was based on the frequency in which their neighborhood food stores placed price discounts on CSDs in 2008. The price discount frequency on CSDs within women's neighborhoods was calculated from Nielsen point-of sales transaction data in 2008 and geocoded to participant's forward sortation area. The prevalence of obesity and overweight among MoNNET-HA female participants was 18.3% in 2008, 19.9% in 2010 and 20.7% in 2013 respectively. Results showed that among obese women, exposure to unhealthy food environments was associated with a 3.25 kilogram (SE = 1.35, p-value = 0.02) weight gain over the five-year study period. Exposure to price discounts on CSDs may disproportionately affect and reinforce weight gain in women who are already obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Spencer Moore
- Health & Society Group, Social Sciences Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yu Ma
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Centre for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurette Dube
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Centre for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Norman-Burgdolf H, DeWitt E, Cardarelli KM, Gillespie R, Slone S, Gustafson A. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among adults in rural Appalachia. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101642. [PMID: 34976693 PMCID: PMC8684001 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is decreasing nationally, yet intakes remain high in certain sub-populations as new varieties of SSBs are introduced. This study aims to expand on SSB intake patterns among adults living in Appalachia to develop policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) interventions to reduce consumption. Baseline cohort surveys were conducted to examine beverage consumption patterns of adults in one rural Appalachian county in Kentucky using a validated BEVQ-15 instrument. Ages were collapsed into three generational groups - Millennials (22-38 years), Generation X (39-54 years), and Boomers/Silents (≥55 years). Over half (n = 81; 54%) of the sample (n = 150) were Boomers/Silents. Age was a significant predictor of SSB consumption, with Millennials drinking more daily calories of SSB compared to older adults (329.2 kcal v 157.0 kcal v 134.6 kcal, p = 0.05); a significant amount of those calories coming from non-soda SSBs. Millennials were twice as likely to drink sweetened fruit juice drinks (p = 0.0002) and energy drinks (p = 0.01) daily and consumed six times more daily calories from sweetened fruit juice drinks than the other groups (73.5 kcal v 11.1 kcal v 8.0 kcal, p < 0.01). To our knowledge, this is the first study to show beverage choices and consumption patterns in Appalachian adults vary by age and non-soda SSBs are significant sources of added sugar. These findings inform PSE interventions for reducing SSB consumption, such as tailored marketing approaches and technology-based strategies, within a unique setting, and offer insight for nutrition educators and public health professionals working within rural, remote communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily DeWitt
- Family and Consumer Sciences Extension, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Cardarelli
- Department of Health, Behavior, & Society, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Rachel Gillespie
- Family and Consumer Sciences Extension, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Stacey Slone
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Alison Gustafson
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Wen J, Ma H, Yu Y, Zhang X, Guo D, Yin X, Yu X, Yin N, Wang J, Zhao Y. Sugar Content of Market Beverages and Children's Sugar Intake from Beverages in Beijing, China. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124297. [PMID: 34959849 PMCID: PMC8708007 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aims to find the sugar content of market beverages and estimate the sugar intake from beverages among students in Beijing. (2) Methods: Using snapshotting, we collected the sugar content of beverages through their packages or nutrition labels. Combined with the statistic of student beverage consumption, we estimated students' sugar intake. (3) Results: The median sugar content of total beverages was 9.0 g/100 mL, among which the fruits/vegetable juices and beverages had the highest sugar content (10.0 g/100 mL). Sugar content in most beverages in Beijing was generally higher than the recommendations, and fruit/vegetable juices and beverages exceeded the most. The median of sugar intake from beverages among students was 5.3 g/d, and the main sources were fruit/vegetable juices and beverages, protein beverages and carbonated beverages. Sugar intake from beverages differed according to gender, age and living area. Higher sugar intake was found among boys, older students and rural students. (4) Conclusions: Sugar content in market beverages in Beijing were high. Gender, age and residence were the influencing factors of sugar intake. Targeted measures should be taken to decrease the sugar content in beverages, especially the fruit/vegetable juices and beverages and the sugar intake among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.W.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (N.Y.)
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.W.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (N.Y.)
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China; (Y.Y.); (D.G.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.W.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (N.Y.)
| | - Dandan Guo
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China; (Y.Y.); (D.G.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xueqian Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.W.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (N.Y.)
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China; (Y.Y.); (D.G.); (X.Y.)
| | - Ning Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.W.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (N.Y.)
| | - Junbo Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.W.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (N.Y.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-8280-1575 (J.W.); +86-1368-158-3701 (Y.Z.)
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China; (Y.Y.); (D.G.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-8280-1575 (J.W.); +86-1368-158-3701 (Y.Z.)
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Parra KL, Alaofe HS, Ehiri JE, Nuño VL, Mazariegos M, Garcia B, Martinez E, Junkins A, Jolly P. Prevalence and Determinants of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study of Sociodemographic, Dietary, and Lifestyle Factors Among Adolescent Girls in Jutiapa, Guatemala. Food Nutr Bull 2021; 42:502-519. [PMID: 34809474 DOI: 10.1177/03795721211019638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the incidence of overweight continues to increase among children and adolescents in Guatemala, underweight remains a prominent health problem. However, the prevalence of overweight or underweight and associated risk factors has not been investigated among adolescent girls. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity and associated sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle factors among adolescent girls in Jutiapa, Guatemala. METHODS A cross-sectional study of a subsample of 392 girls aged 12 to 17 years from an agriculture-nutrition trial was conducted. Anthropometric data were obtained using standard methods. Sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted using underweight (body mass index [BMI] for age < 5th percentile) and overweight/obesity (BMI for age ≥ 85th percentile) as outcome variables. RESULTS The prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity was 9.9% and 15.6%, respectively. Age (15-17 years), high waist circumference, high blood pressure, father being a farmer, large family (> 5 persons), hours spent watching TV, and high red meat consumption were significantly associated with underweight. Whereas being in school, high waist circumference, high blood pressure, overweight/obese mother, unemployed father, watching TV for more than 2 hours, having soft drinks at home, and meeting fruit recommendations were significantly associated with overweight/obesity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of concurrently addressing underweight and overweight/obesity among adolescent girls in rural Guatemala. Studies in various parts of the country are needed to confirm the results of the present study and for appropriate strategies to be implemented to reduce both underweight and overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Parra
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, 48710University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Halimatou S Alaofe
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, 48710University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - John E Ehiri
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, 48710University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Velia Leybas Nuño
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, 48710University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Manolo Mazariegos
- 119961Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala
| | - Brenda Garcia
- 119961Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala
| | - Estefania Martinez
- 48653University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anna Junkins
- 48653University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pauline Jolly
- 48653University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health Birmingham, AL, USA
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Josseran L, McNeill K, Fardini T, Sauvagnac R, Barbot F, Quera Salva MA, Bowser M, King G. Smoking and obesity among long-haul truck drivers in France. Tob Prev Cessat 2021; 7:66. [PMID: 34765832 PMCID: PMC8556716 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/142321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines the health status of long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs) and more specifically smoking and obesity, in France. METHODS A total of 373 French and other LHTDs were randomly interviewed at six highway rest stops. Variables recorded were self-reported sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, and nationality), behavioral variables (consumption of sodas, daily exercise, smoking status), weight and height. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-squared analysis and multiple logistic ordinal regression models (MLR) were developed. RESULTS The mean age was 43.4 and the largest proportion (41.2%) of respondents were aged 40–50 years. Most respondents were French (70.3%), married (73.8%) and did not report having an active exercise routine (66.0%). Almost two-thirds of the drivers consumed daily 1–2 sodas (34.2%) or 3–4 sodas (33.2%). Based on the BMI, respondents were divided into normal (34.3%), overweight (39.8%), obese (19.5%) or morbidly obese (9.4%) categories. The mean BMI was 27.9 kg/m2 and 51.1% of LHTDs were current or active smokers. MLR analysis revealed that French LHTDs were more likely (OR=3.04; 95% CI: 1.62–5.69) to have a normal BMI compared to other drivers. Smokers were significantly more likely than non-smokers (OR=2.12; 95% CI: 1.26–3.58) to have an above normal BMI. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that French and other LHTDs are at high risk of non-communicable diseases. They also highlight the need to address the health risks associated with smoking and obesity among LHTDs using multifaceted strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Josseran
- Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP), Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR 1018, France
| | - Killian McNeill
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Thierry Fardini
- Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP), Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR 1018, France
| | - Rebecca Sauvagnac
- Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP), Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR 1018, France
| | - Frederic Barbot
- Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP), Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR 1018, France
| | - Maria-Antonia Quera Salva
- Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP), Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR 1018, France
| | - Myles Bowser
- Department of Information Mathematics, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gary King
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, United States
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The Roles of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in the Relationship between Carbohydrate Intake and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112058. [PMID: 34769488 PMCID: PMC8584459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are macronutrients that serve as energy sources. Many studies have shown that carbohydrate intake is nonlinearly associated with mortality. Moreover, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) consumption is positively associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Accordingly, products with equal amounts of glucose and fructose have the worst effects on caloric intake, body weight gain, and glucose intolerance, suggesting that carbohydrate amount, kind, and form determine mortality. Understanding the role of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) in glucose and lipid metabolism will be beneficial for elucidating the harmful effects of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), as this glucose-activated transcription factor regulates glycolytic and lipogenic gene expression. Glucose and fructose coordinately supply the metabolites necessary for ChREBP activation and de novo lipogenesis. Chrebp overexpression causes fatty liver and lower plasma glucose levels, and ChREBP deletion prevents obesity and fatty liver. Intestinal ChREBP regulates fructose absorption and catabolism, and adipose-specific Chrebp-knockout mice show insulin resistance. ChREBP also regulates the appetite for sweets by controlling fibroblast growth factor 21, which promotes energy expenditure. Thus, ChREBP partly mimics the effects of carbohydrate, especially HFCS. The relationship between carbohydrate intake and diseases partly resembles those between ChREBP activity and diseases.
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Close Proximity to the Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Gene Found to Be Associated with Sugar Intake in a Swedish Population. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113954. [PMID: 34836209 PMCID: PMC8622171 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary mechanisms are partially responsible for individual differences in sensitivity to and the preference for sweet taste. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations between 10 genetic variants and the intake of total sugar, added sugar, and sugars with sweet taste (i.e., monosaccharides and sucrose) in a middle-aged Swedish population. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the Fibroblast grow factor 21 (FGF21) gene, seven top hits from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on total sugar intake, and one SNP within the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene (the only SNP reaching GWAS significance in a previous study), were explored in relation to various forms of sugar intake in 22,794 individuals from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, a population-based cohort for which data were collected between 1991-1996. Significant associations (p = 6.82 × 10-7 - 1.53 × 10-3) were observed between three SNPs (rs838145, rs838133, and rs8103840) in close relation to the FGF21 gene with high Linkage Disequilibrium, and all the studied sugar intakes. For the rs11642841 within the FTO gene, associations were found exclusively among participants with a body mass index ≥ 25 (p < 5 × 10-3). None of the remaining SNPs studied were associated with sugar intake in our cohort. A further GWAS should be conducted to identify novel genetic variants associated with the intake of sugar.
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Angulo E, Stern D, Castellanos-Gutiérrez A, Monge A, Lajous M, Bromage S, Fung TT, Li Y, Bhupathiraju SN, Deitchler M, Willett WC, Batis C. Changes in the Global Diet Quality Score, Weight, and Waist Circumference in Mexican Women. J Nutr 2021; 151:152S-161S. [PMID: 34689194 PMCID: PMC8542099 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on concurrent changes in overall diet quality and weight and waist circumference in women of reproductive age from low- and middle-income countries is limited. OBJECTIVES We examined the associations of changes in the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) and each GDQS food group with concurrent weight and waist circumference change in Mexican women. METHODS We followed prospectively 8967 nonpregnant nonlactating women aged 25-49 y in the Mexican Teachers' Cohort between 2006 and 2008. We assessed diet using an FFQ of the previous year and anthropometric measures were self-reported. Regression models were used to examine 2-y changes in the GDQS and each food group (servings/d) with weight and waist circumference changes within the same period, adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors. RESULTS Compared with those with little change in the GDQS (-2 to 2 points), women with the largest increase in the GDQS (>5 points) had less weight (β: -0.81 kg/2 y; 95% CI: -1.11, -0.51 kg/2 y) and waist circumference gain (β: -1.05 cm/2 y; 95% CI: -1.62, -0.48 cm/2 y); likewise, women with the largest decrease in the GDQS (<-5 points) had more weight (β: 0.36 kg/2 y; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.66 kg/2 y) and waist circumference gain (β: 0.71 cm/2 y; 95% CI: 0.09, 1.32 cm/2 y). Increased intake of dark green leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, deep orange vegetables, citrus fruits, and fish and shellfish was associated with less weight gain. In addition, deep orange vegetables, low fat and high fat dairy, whole grains, and fish were associated with less waist circumference gain within the 2-y period. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in diet quality over a 2-y period reflected by an increase in the GDQS and changes in consumption of specific components of the GDQS were associated with less weight and waist circumference gain in Mexican women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Angulo
- Health and Nutrition Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Dalia Stern
- CONACYT-Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Adriana Monge
- Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Martín Lajous
- Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabri Bromage
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa T Fung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Megan Deitchler
- Intake-Center for Dietary Assessment, FHI Solutions, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolina Batis
- CONACYT-Health and Nutrition Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Khademi Z, Milajerdi A, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A. Dietary Intake of Total Carbohydrates, Sugar and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Front Nutr 2021; 8:707795. [PMID: 34660658 PMCID: PMC8517080 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.707795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: No earlier study has summarized findings from prospective cohort studies on the association of dietary carbohydrates, sugar, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption and risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The current study was done to quantitatively summarize earlier information from prospective cohort studies on the link between dietary carbohydrates, sugar, and SSBs intake with risk of IBD. Methods: Relevant studies published up to June 2021 were searched through PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Google Scholar with the use of relevant keywords. All prospective cohort studies investigating the association of dietary carbohydrates, sugar, and SSBs consumption with risk of IBD were included. Results: Combining 5 effect sizes from 4 cohort studies, no significant association was found between dietary intake of carbohydrates and risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) (RR: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.70–2.14). The same findings were obtained for risk of Crohn's disease (CD) (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.64–1.75) based on 4 studies with 5 effect sizes. A significant positive association was observed between sugar intake and risk of UC (RR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.15–2.20), as well as CD (RR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.06–3.41) when 5 effect sizes from 4 cohort studies were combined. The overall effect size, based on 4 estimates, revealed no significant association between SSBs consumption and risk of UC (RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.92–1.12) and CD (RR: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.91–1.64). Conclusions: Summarizing earlier studies, sugar intake was found to be associated with increased risk of IBD and its subtypes. Any significant association between dietary intake of carbohydrates and SSBs and risk of IBD and its subtypes was not found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Khademi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Kim JM, Lee E. Association between Soft-Drink Intake and Obesity, Depression, and Subjective Health Status of Male and Female Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910415. [PMID: 34639714 PMCID: PMC8507828 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the association between soft-drink intake and obesity, depression, and subjective health status in male and female adults. Soft-drink consumption has become a serious public health issue worldwide. Participants of this study were selected (n = 3086) from the respondents in the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016 and divided into the non-soft-drink group (men, 502; women, 1117) and the soft-drink group (men, 684; women, 783). Soft-drink intake data were obtained, using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the 24 h dietary recall. Total energy intake and fat density were significantly higher, but the nutrient densities of carbohydrate, total dietary fiber, and micronutrients were significantly lower in the soft-drink group than in the non-soft-drink group. In men, soft-drink intake was found to be significantly associated with a lower risk of depression. Conversely, in women, soft-drink intake was found to be significantly associated with the higher risks of depression, obesity, and poor subjective health status. Therefore, less frequent soft-drink intake may prevent obesity and depression in Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Myung Kim
- Food and Nutrition Major, Division of Food Science & Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu-si 11644, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - EunJung Lee
- Food and Nutrition Major, School of Wellness Industry Convergence, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si 17579, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-670-5185
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50
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Ertuglu LA, Afsar B, Yildiz AB, Demiray A, Ortiz A, Covic A, Kanbay M. Substitution of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages for Other Beverages: Can It Be the Next Step Towards Healthy Aging? Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:399-412. [PMID: 34595722 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With the prolongation of life expectancy, the gap between lifespan and "health span," the disease-free lifespan, has been widening due to the massive burden of age-related chronic diseases and research on healthy aging has been gaining momentum. A growing body of evidence suggests that diet is a strong determinant of healthy aging and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), a major source of added sugars, predicts poor health outcomes in the aging population, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Evidence further supports a link between sugar-sweetened beverages-triggered pathological processes and biologic factors of aging, including inflammaging, oxidative stress, and alterations in intestinal microbiota. At present, substitution of sugar-sweetened beverages with healthier alternative beverage remains the most robust strategy to limit the deleterious effects of sugar-sweetened beverages on health worldwide and may help achieve healthy longevity. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of mechanisms by which sugar-sweetened beverages consumption may impact the physiological aging process and how a simple intervention of beverage replacement may promote healthy aging. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings indicate that SSB are associated with accelerated aging phenotype and activate various adverse biological processes such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and gut dysbiosis. Replacing SSB with healthier beverages may be a reasonable option to reduce the burden of chronic disease in the aging population and even prolong life and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale A Ertuglu
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah B Yildiz
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atalay Demiray
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Covic
- Department of Nephrology, Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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