1
|
Li X, Li M, Cheng J, Guan S, Hou L, Zu S, Yang L, Wu H, Li H, Fan Y, Zhang B. Association of healthy and unhealthy plant-based diets with telomere length. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1694-1701. [PMID: 38879916 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous studies have shown that plant-rich dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, are associated with longer telomeres. However, no association has been found between vegetarian diet and telomere length. We hypothesized that the quality of plant-based diets plays an important role in telomere length. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Diet was assessed using a 24-h recall method. Plant-based diet quality was assessed using the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy PDI (uPDI). Telomere length was measured using quantitative PCR. Linear and ordinal logistic regression models were used to assess the association of PDIs with log-transformed telomere length and ordinal quintiles of telomere length in descending order, respectively. RESULTS In both regression models, the overall PDI was not associated with telomere length. The hPDI was associated with longer telomere length [percentage change = 2.34%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42%, 4.31%, Ptrend = 0.016; odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.95, Ptrend = 0.013]. However, uPDI was associated with shorter telomere length (percentage change = -3.17%, 95% CI: -5.65%, -0.62%, Ptrend = 0.017; OR = 1.25, 95% CI:1.03, 1.53, Ptrend = 0.014) and this inverse association was stronger in the non-Hispanic white population (Pinteraction = 0.001 in both regression models). CONCLUSIONS A plant-based dietary pattern rich in healthy plant foods is associated with longer telomeres. However, plant-based dietary patterns rich in unhealthy plant-based foods are associated with shorter telomere lengths, especially in non-Hispanic white populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiude Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Meiling Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Shixia Guan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Lili Hou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Shuang Zu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Hanhan Wu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Huixian Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Yunshan Fan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Bao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schorr KA, Agayn V, de Groot LCPGM, Slagboom PE, Beekman M. A plant-based diet index to study the relation between diet and disease risk among adults: a narrative review. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100272. [PMID: 38815475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Plant-based diets (PBD) may offer various health benefits and contribute to a sustainable way of life, but, if not planned correctly, may also confer risks, e.g., by focusing on plant foods with low nutrient density, such as foods primarily consisting of refined carbohydrates. A plant-based diet index (PDI) differentiating between a healthful, unhealthful, and overall PBD, offers a promising approach to standardize and compare studies and integrate results. In this review we (1) summarize current evidence on the PDI and disease risk of relevance to public health, (2) discuss the methodology of the PDI and how it can be sensibly applied in further studies and (3) indicate areas with a lack of knowledge, such as vulnerable populations. In summary, our amalgamation shows, that adherence to a healthier plant-based diet is associated with an 8-68% lower risk for metabolic risk factors, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, while adherence to an unhealthier plant-based diet is associated with a 10-63% higher risk. Although differences in calculation methods and underlying diet patterns between populations should be accounted for, the PDI can be a useful tool to assess adherence to different plant-based diet patterns and their association with health outcomes in cohort studies across cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin A Schorr
- Innoso BV, Den Haag, The Neterhlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | - Marian Beekman
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li R, Li M, Fly AD, Bidulescu A, Luo J. Vegetarian diets and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: An observational study of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018 using propensity score methods. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024; 37:643-654. [PMID: 38348568 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the association between vegetarian diets and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are limited and have inconsistent results. This study aims to explore the association between vegetarian diets and NAFLD and compare the stage of fibrosis between vegetarians and nonvegetarians in a US representative sample. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 23,130 participants aged ≥20 years were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2018. Vegetarian status was classified based on two 24-h dietary recalls. We examined the association between vegetarian diets and the risk of NAFLD using the propensity score weighting method. RESULTS Vegetarian diets were significantly associated with decreases in hepatic steatosis index (HSI), US fatty liver index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score with mean differences of -2.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.69, -1.70), -3.03 (95% CI: -7.15, -0.91) and -0.12 (95% CI: -0.26, -0.01), respectively. While modelling the risk of NAFLD, we estimated that vegetarians were 53% less likely to have NAFLD assessed by HSI (odds ratios [OR]: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.65). The effect of vegetarian diets was higher among individuals with lower waist circumferences (OR: 0.20) than among those with higher waist circumferences (OR: 0.53,p interaction ${p}_{\text{interaction}}\,$ = 0.004). However, the association was largely attenuated after adjusting for body mass index and diabetes status. No significant association was identified between vegetarian diets and advanced fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Vegetarian diets were associated with a lower prevalence of NAFLD among US adults, and the association appeared to be stronger in people with lower waist circumferences. Further studies are warranted to replicate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Alyce D Fly
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Aurelian Bidulescu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coppi F, Bucciarelli V, Solodka K, Selleri V, Zanini G, Pinti M, Nasi M, Salvioli B, Nodari S, Gallina S, Mattioli AV. The Impact of Stress and Social Determinants on Diet in Cardiovascular Prevention in Young Women. Nutrients 2024; 16:1044. [PMID: 38613078 PMCID: PMC11013318 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevention of cardiovascular diseases is a fundamental pillar for reducing morbidity and mortality caused by non-communicable diseases. Social determinants, such as socioeconomic status, education, neighborhood, physical environment, employment, social support networks, and access to health care, play a crucial role in influencing health outcomes and health inequities within populations. Social determinants and stress in women are interconnected factors that can significantly impact women's health and well-being. Pregnancy is a good time to engage young women and introduce them to beneficial behaviors, such as adopting essential life skills, especially diet, and learning stress management techniques. Stress influences diet, and women are more likely to engage in unhealthy eating behaviors such as emotional eating or coping with stress with food. Strong action is needed to improve women's lifestyle starting at a young age considering that this lays the foundation for a lower cardiovascular risk in adults and the elderly. The objective of this review is to examine cardiovascular primary prevention in young healthy women, focusing particularly on unresolved issues and the influence of social determinants, as well as the correlation with stressors and their influence on diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coppi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Valentina Bucciarelli
- Cardiovascular Sciences Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, 60166 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Kateryna Solodka
- Istituto Nazionale per le Ricerche Cardiovascolari, 40126 Bologna, Italy (M.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Valentina Selleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (V.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Giada Zanini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (V.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Istituto Nazionale per le Ricerche Cardiovascolari, 40126 Bologna, Italy (M.P.); (S.G.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (V.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Salvioli
- Department of Quality of Life Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Savina Nodari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Sabina Gallina
- Istituto Nazionale per le Ricerche Cardiovascolari, 40126 Bologna, Italy (M.P.); (S.G.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Istituto Nazionale per le Ricerche Cardiovascolari, 40126 Bologna, Italy (M.P.); (S.G.)
- Department of Quality of Life Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Merritt MA, Lim U, Lampe JW, Kaenkumchorn T, Boushey CJ, Wilkens LR, Shepherd JA, Ernst T, Le Marchand L. Dietary intake and visceral adiposity in older adults: The Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype study. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e734. [PMID: 38259353 PMCID: PMC10802887 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There are established links between the accumulation of body fat as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and the risk of developing obesity-associated metabolic disease. Previous studies have suggested that levels of intake of specific foods and nutrients are associated with VAT accumulation after accounting for total energy intake. Objective This study assessed associations between a priori selected dietary factors on VAT quantified using abdominal magnetic resonance imaging. Methods The cross-sectional Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study included n = 395 White, n = 274 Black, n = 269 Native Hawaiian, n = 425 Japanese American and n = 358 Latino participants (mean age = 69 years ± 3 SD). Participants were enrolled stratified on sex, race, ethnicity and body mass index. General linear models were used to estimate the mean VAT area (cm2) for participants categorized into quartiles based on their dietary intake of selected foods/nutrients adjusting for age, sex, racial and ethnic groups, the total percentage fat from whole-body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and total energy. Results There were significant inverse associations with VAT for dietary intake of total vegetables, total fruits (including juice), cereals, whole grains, calcium, copper and dietary fiber (p-trend ≤0.04). Positive trends were observed for VAT for participants who reported higher intake of potatoes, total fat and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (p-trend ≤0.02). Foods/nutrients that met the multiple testing significance threshold were total fruits, whole grains, copper, dietary fiber and SFA intake. Conclusions These results highlight foods and nutrients including SFA, total fruit, whole grains, fiber and copper as potential candidates for future research to inform dietary guidelines for the prevention of chronic disease among older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Merritt
- The Daffodil CentreThe University of Sydney, a Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Cancer Epidemiology ProgramUniversity of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Unhee Lim
- Cancer Epidemiology ProgramUniversity of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Tanyaporn Kaenkumchorn
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionDepartment of PediatricsSeattle Children's HospitalSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Carol J. Boushey
- Cancer Epidemiology ProgramUniversity of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology ProgramUniversity of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - John A. Shepherd
- Cancer Epidemiology ProgramUniversity of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology ProgramUniversity of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Walldorf J, Mezger NCS, Weber L, Knothe A, Klose M, Moritz S, Kantelhardt EJ, Feller S, Schlitt A, Greinert R, Michl P. [Climate Crisis: What Gastrointestinal Complications of this Medical Emergency Should We Be Aware Of?]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:1608-1617. [PMID: 37044125 DOI: 10.1055/a-2058-8883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The climate crisis has serious consequences for many areas of life. This applies in particular to human health - also in Europe. While cardiovascular, pneumological and dermatological diseases related to the climate crisis are often discussed, the crisis' significant gastroenterological consequences for health must also be considered. METHODS A literature search (Pubmed, Cochrane Library) was used to identify papers with relevance particularly to the field of gastroenterology in (Central) Europe. Findings were supplemented and discussed by an interdisciplinary team. RESULTS The climate crisis impacts the frequency and severity of gastrointestinal diseases in Europe due to more frequent and severe heat waves, flooding and air pollution. While patients with intestinal diseases are particularly vulnerable to acute weather events, the main long-term consequences of climate change are gastrointestinal cancer and liver disease. In addition to gastroenteritis, other infectious diseases such as vector-borne diseases and parasites are important in the context of global warming, heat waves and floods. DISCUSSION Adaptation strategies must be consistently developed and implemented for vulnerable groups. Patients at risk should be informed about measures that can be implemented individually, such as avoiding heat, ensuring appropriate hydration and following hygiene instructions. Recommendations for physical activity and a healthy and sustainable diet are essential for the prevention of liver diseases and carcinomas. Measures for prevention and the promotion of resilience can be supported by the physicians at various levels. In addition to efforts fostering sustainability in the immediate working environment, a system-oriented commitment to climate protection is important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Walldorf
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Christian Simon Mezger
- Arbeitsgruppe Global and Planetary Health, Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Lena Weber
- Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Anja Knothe
- Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michelle Klose
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Moritz
- Klinische Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Eva Johanna Kantelhardt
- Arbeitsgruppe Global and Planetary Health, Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephan Feller
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Axel Schlitt
- Paracelsus-Harz-Klinik Bad Suderode, Bad Suderode, Germany
| | - Robin Greinert
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Patrick Michl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lv Y, Rong S, Deng Y, Bao W, Xia Y, Chen L. Plant-based diets, genetic predisposition and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Med 2023; 21:351. [PMID: 37697334 PMCID: PMC10496397 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03028-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets rich in plant-based foods are associated with lower risks of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while the prospective evidence is limited. We aimed to examine longitudinal associations of plant-based diets and genetic susceptibility with NAFLD risk. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study included 159,222 participants (58.0 ± 8.0 years old, 55.7% female) free of NAFLD in the UK Biobank. We calculated the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and the unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). New-onset NAFLD was the primary outcome. The weighted polygenic risk score was calculated based on risk variants associated with NAFLD. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidential intervals (CI) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards model. Magnetic resonance imaging-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) measured liver fat content in a subsample of 20,692 participants (57.5 ± 7.4 years old, 52.6% female) was the secondary outcome. The associations between plant-based diet indices and MRI-PDFF were evaluated using generalized linear models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 9.5 years, 1541 new-onset NAFLD cases were documented. Compared to the lowest quintile, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of NAFLD in the highest quintile were 0.78 (95% confidential intervals [CI], 0.66-0.93, p-trend =0.02), 0.74 (95% CI, 0.62-0.87, p-trend <0.0001), and 1.24 (95% CI, 1.05-1.46, p-trend = 0.02) for overall PDI, hPDI, and uPDI, respectively. For liver fat content, higher overall PDI and hPDI were associated with lower MRI-PDFF, while higher uPDI was associated with higher liver fat content. We observed a significant interaction between hPDI and PRS (p-interaction =0.03), and the NAFLD risk was lowest among participants with the highest hPDI and low genetic risk. CONCLUSIONS Higher intake of plant-based diets especially healthful plant-based diets was associated with lower NAFLD risk and liver fat content regardless of genetic susceptibility, whereas an unhealthful plant-based diet was associated with higher NAFLD risk and intrahepatic steatosis. These results suggest that the quality of plant-based foods should be highlighted when adopting a plant-based diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuang Rong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
- Department of Nutrition, Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Department of Nutrition, Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Crom TOE, Steur M, Ikram MK, Ikram MA, Voortman T. Plant-based dietary patterns and the risk of dementia: a population-based study. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afad178. [PMID: 37740899 PMCID: PMC10517714 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based dietary patterns are increasingly popular in western countries and are supported by many governments and health organisations for their potential beneficial role in the prevention of chronic diseases. Yet, the potential role of plant-based dietary patterns in the development of dementia remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between plant-based dietary patterns and the risk of dementia. METHODS Dietary intake was measured at baseline in 9,543 dementia-free participants (mean age 64 years, birth years 1897-1960, 58% women) of the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study, using food frequency questionnaires. Based on these questionnaires, we calculated an overall plant-based dietary index (PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI) and unhealthy PDI (uPDI), with higher scores reflecting higher consumption of (any, healthy and unhealthy, respectively) plant-based foods and lower consumption of animal-based foods. We analysed the association of the PDIs with incident dementia using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 14.5 years, 1,472 participants developed dementia. Overall, the PDIs were not associated with the risk of dementia (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] per 10-point increase: 0.99 [0.91-1.08] for PDI, 0.93 [0.86-1.01] for hPDI, 1.02 [0.94-1.10] for uPDI). However, among men and APOE ε4 carriers, a higher hPDI was linearly associated with a lower risk of dementia (0.86 [0.75-0.99] and 0.83 [0.73-0.95], respectively), while this association was U-shaped among APOE ε4 non-carriers (P value for non-linearity = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We found no strong evidence for an overall association between plant-based eating and the risk of dementia. Our findings in stratified analyses warranted further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tosca O E de Crom
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinka Steur
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rosenfeld RM, Juszczak HM, Wong MA. Scoping review of the association of plant-based diet quality with health outcomes. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1211535. [PMID: 37637943 PMCID: PMC10447911 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1211535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The association of plant-based dietary patterns with health outcomes has traditionally been assessed without considering nutritional value. The plant-based dietary index (PDI), first published in 2016, overcomes this limitation with both a healthful PDI (hPDI) and an unhealthful PDI (uPDI), based on the quality of plant foods consumed plus the frequency of animal foods. We sought to summarize the breadth of research using the hPDI and uPDI to gain insight into how the quality of plant-based dietary patterns might be associated with health outcomes. Methods Scoping review of studies that used the PDI, hPDI, or uPDI to report associations with health outcomes. Multiple databases were searched from 2010 through April 2023 with 2 authors independently assessing eligibility and extracting data. In addition to assessing the association of the indices to health outcomes, we determined the frequency of concordant or discordant findings for hPDI versus PDI and for hPDI versus uPDI. Results We included 95 articles (54% longitudinal, 37% cross-sectional, and 9% case-control) with a median sample size of 3,646. Higher hPDI levels were associated with favorable health outcomes in 36% of comparisons (most often for obesity, mortality, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and psychiatric disorders), compared to 25% for the PDI and only 2% for the uPDI. Conversely, higher levels of the uPDI were associated with unfavorable health outcomes in 33% of comparisons, in contrast to under 1% for the hPDI and 2% for the PDI. When the hPDI association to an outcome was discordant with the uPDI or PDI, the significance and directionality always favored the hPDI over the uPDI, and nearly always favored the hPDI over the PDI. Discussion Dietary indices that account for the quality of plant foods can show health benefits that might be missed by a generic plant-based index. A greater focus on the quality of plant foods could improve nutrition guidelines, raise awareness about the benefits of adding unrefined plant foods to the diet, and empower consumers to make incremental additions of such foods to displace unhealthy foods. We anticipate increasing use of indices that address food quality in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Rosenfeld
- Department of Otolaryngology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun Q, Guo C, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Liu L, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Ding Y, Zhao Y, Niu K, Xia Y. The independent and combined effects of dietary and sleep patterns on the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study. Food Funct 2023; 14:7146-7155. [PMID: 37462398 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01396k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background & aims: accumulating evidence shows that various sleep behaviors are related to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and that diet plays an important role in both preventing and treating this condition. However, the overall effect of a healthy sleep pattern and its joint effect with diet on the risk of MAFLD remain unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the independent and combined effects of dietary and sleep patterns on the MAFLD risk. Methods: this population-based prospective cohort study was conducted in China with a sample size of 13 687 participants. MAFLD was diagnosed through abdominal ultrasound and international expert consensus. Five healthy sleep behaviors were identified to create a healthy sleep pattern, while factor analysis was used to determine dietary patterns. Cox proportional hazards regression was utilized to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: during a total of 49 912 person-years of follow-up, 2977 new cases of MAFLD were identified. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of MAFLD in relation to the healthy sleep pattern score were 0.87 (0.78-0.97), 0.83 (0.75-0.92), and 0.77 (0.68-0.87) for scores of 3, 4, and 5, respectively, compared to participants with the lowest score (0-2). A higher intake of animal food (adjusted HR4th quartile vs. 1st quartile, 1.15, 95% CI, 1.03-1.27) and a lower intake of vegetables (adjusted HR4th quartile vs. 1st quartile, 0.88, 95% CI, 0.78-0.99) were associated with a higher risk of MAFLD. Participants who adhered to both healthy dietary and sleep patterns had the lowest MAFLD risk compared to those who followed only one or neither of them. Conclusions: a healthy sleep pattern, especially in combination with a healthy diet, was associated with a lower risk of MAFLD. Future prevention strategies for MAFLD should include consideration of sleep behaviors, in addition to the current recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianjia Sun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuanji Guo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Yashu Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Peña-Jorquera H, Cid-Jofré V, Landaeta-Díaz L, Petermann-Rocha F, Martorell M, Zbinden-Foncea H, Ferrari G, Jorquera-Aguilera C, Cristi-Montero C. Plant-Based Nutrition: Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome-A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3244. [PMID: 37513660 PMCID: PMC10386413 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, chronic non-communicable diseases, and metabolic syndrome are highly interconnected and collectively contribute to global health concerns that reduce life expectancy and quality of life. These conditions arise from multiple risk factors, including inflammation, insulin resistance, impaired blood lipid profile, endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular risk. Adopting a plant-based diet has gained popularity as a viable alternative to promote health and mitigate the incidence of, and risk factors associated with, these three health conditions. Understanding the potential benefits of a plant-based diet for human health is crucial, particularly in the face of the rising prevalence of chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Thus, this review focused on the plausible advantages of consuming a type of food pattern for the prevention and/or treatment of chronic diseases, emphasizing the dietary aspects that contribute to these conditions and the evidence supporting the benefits of a plant-based diet for human health. To facilitate a more in-depth analysis, we present separate evidence for each of these three concepts, acknowledging their intrinsic connection while providing a specific focus on each one. This review underscores the potential of a plant-based diet to target the underlying causes of these chronic diseases and enhance health outcomes for individuals and populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Peña-Jorquera
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2530388, Chile
| | - Valeska Cid-Jofré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9160019, Chile
| | - Leslie Landaeta-Díaz
- Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
- Núcleo en Ciencias Ambientales y Alimentarias, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago 8370068, Chile
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7500000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia 7500912, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2530388, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang S, Yan Y, Meng G, Zhang Q, Liu L, Wu H, Gu Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Borné Y, Qi L, Chen YM, Niu K. Protein foods from animal sources and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in representative cohorts from North and South China. J Intern Med 2023; 293:340-353. [PMID: 36433820 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that animal protein foods may increase the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We therefore examined the NAFLD risk reduction related to substituting plant protein foods for animal protein foods. METHODS The cohort in North China included 14,541 participants from the Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) study, and the cohort in South China included 1297 participants from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS). Dietary intake was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires. NAFLD was ascertained by abdominal ultrasound. The Cox model was used to fit the substitution analysis. RESULTS In the TCLSIH cohort, when replacing one type of animal protein food (eggs, processed meat, unprocessed red meat, poultry, and fish) with an equivalent serving of plant protein foods (nuts, legumes, and whole grains), the replacement of animal protein foods with whole grains showed the strongest benefit; substituting one serving per day of whole grains for an equal amount of eggs (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79, 1.00), processed meat (HR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.91), unprocessed red meat (HR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.00), poultry (HR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.92), or fish (HR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.97) was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD. In both the TCLSIH and GNHS cohorts, replacing poultry with fish, nuts, legumes, or whole grains was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD. When different numbers of protein foods were simultaneously replaced, the risk reduction of NAFLD was stronger. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that replacing animal protein foods with plant protein foods is related to a significant reduction in NAFLD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunming Zhang
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yan Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Meng
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuena Wang
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Borné
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sharma A, Junge O, Szymczak S, Rühlemann MC, Enderle J, Schreiber S, Laudes M, Franke A, Lieb W, Krawczak M, Dempfle A. Network-based quantitative trait linkage analysis of microbiome composition in inflammatory bowel disease families. Front Genet 2023; 14:1048312. [PMID: 36755569 PMCID: PMC9901208 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1048312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by a dysbiosis of the gut microbiome that results from the interaction of the constituting taxa with one another, and with the host. At the same time, host genetic variation is associated with both IBD risk and microbiome composition. Methods: In the present study, we defined quantitative traits (QTs) from modules identified in microbial co-occurrence networks to measure the inter-individual consistency of microbial abundance and subjected these QTs to a genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) linkage analysis. Results: Four microbial network modules were consistently identified in two cohorts of healthy individuals, but three of the corresponding QTs differed significantly between IBD patients and unaffected individuals. The QTL linkage analysis was performed in a sub-sample of the Kiel IBD family cohort (IBD-KC), an ongoing study of 256 German families comprising 455 IBD patients and 575 first- and second-degree, non-affected relatives. The analysis revealed five chromosomal regions linked to one of three microbial module QTs, namely on chromosomes 3 (spanning 10.79 cM) and 11 (6.69 cM) for the first module, chr9 (0.13 cM) and chr16 (1.20 cM) for the second module, and chr13 (19.98 cM) for the third module. None of these loci have been implicated in a microbial phenotype before. Discussion: Our study illustrates the benefit of combining network and family-based linkage analysis to identify novel genetic drivers of microbiome composition in a specific disease context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunabh Sharma
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf Junge
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Silke Szymczak
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Malte Christoph Rühlemann
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Janna Enderle
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Institute of Diabetology and Clinical Metabolic Research, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany,*Correspondence: Astrid Dempfle,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
A Healthful Plant-Based Diet Is Associated with Lower Odds of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194099. [PMID: 36235752 PMCID: PMC9572274 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little evidence for the associations of the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), the healthful PDI (hPDI), and the unhealthful PDI (uPDI) with the odds of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We present a nationwide cross-sectional study among US adults aged 18 years or older. Diet was assessed by 24-h recalls. Overall PDI, hPDI, and uPDI were constructed based on 18 food groups. NAFLD was defined based on controlled attenuation parameter derived via transient elastography (TE) in the absence of other causes of chronic liver disease. Among 3900 participants with eligible TE examination, 1686 were diagnosed with NAFLD. The overall PDI was not associated with NAFLD prevalence (comparing extreme tertiles of PDI score OR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.76, 1.38, ptrend = 0.609). However, hPDI was inversely (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.35, 0.72, ptrend < 0.001), while uPDI was positively associated with odds of NAFLD (OR = 1.37, 95% CI 0.93, 2.02, ptrend = 0.009) in the multivariable-adjusted models without body mass index (BMI). After further adjustment for BMI, only the association of hPDI with NAFLD remained statistically significant (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.46, 0.87, ptrend = 0.006). Such inverse association appeared stronger in non-Hispanic whites, but not in other racial/ethnic groups (pinteraction = 0.009). Our findings suggest that a plant-based diet rich in healthy plant foods might be associated with lower odds of NAFLD, particularly among US non-Hispanic whites. Clinical trials and cohort studies to validate our findings are needed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Jung S, Park S. Positive association of unhealthy plant-based diets with the incidence of abdominal obesity in Korea: a comparison of baseline, most recent, and cumulative average diets. Epidemiol Health 2022; 44:e2022063. [PMID: 35940180 PMCID: PMC9754918 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Different approaches for analyzing repeated dietary measurements may yield differences in the magnitude and interpretation of findings. We aimed to compare 3 dietary measurements (baseline, most recent, and cumulative average) in terms of the association between plant-based diet indices (PDIs) and incident abdominal obesity in Korean adults aged 40-69 years. METHODS This study included 6,054 participants (54% women) free of abdominal obesity (defined as waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women) at baseline. As exposures, baseline, most recent, and cumulative average measurements for PDI, healthy-PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy-PDI (uPDI) were created. A Cox proportional-hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for abdominal obesity. RESULTS During 45,818 person-years of follow-up (median, 9 years), we identified 1,778 incident cases of abdominal obesity. In the multivariable-adjusted analysis, a higher uPDI was associated with a higher risk of abdominal obesity in both total and stratified analyses. The findings were consistent across all approaches (Q5 vs. Q1: HRbaseline=1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46 to 1.98; HRmost recent=1.52; 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.78; HRcumulative average=1.76; 95% CI, 1.51 to 2.06 in the total set). PDI showed no meaningful association with abdominal obesity risk in any analyses. hPDIaverage had a suggestive inverse association with abdominal obesity risk in men, and hPDIbaseline had a positive association with abdominal obesity risk in women. CONCLUSIONS Greater adherence to unhealthy plant-based diets may increase the risk of developing abdominal obesity in Korean adults. The findings were generally consistent across all approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukyoung Jung
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA,The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sohyun Park
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea,Correspondence: Sohyun Park Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumar A, Chidambaram V, Mehta JL. Vegetarianism, Microbiota and Cardiovascular health: Looking back, and forward. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:1895-1910. [PMID: 35727958 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally, with over 17.9 million attributed deaths in 2019. Unhealthy diet is an often-overlooked major modifiable risk factor for CVD. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimates suggest that unhealthy diets account for nearly 26% of all deaths, of which 84% were attributed to CVD. Plant-based diets (PBDs), which are a diverse group of dietary patterns focused on plant produce, with flexibility for varying levels of vegetarianism, have been suggested to decrease the incidence of various cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. In this review, we aim to delve into the spectrum of PBDs, revisit objective definitions and classifications, and compare them with standard non-vegetarian diets. We examine plausible mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular benefits of PBDs with a particular focus on the dietary manipulation of gut microbiota-host interaction and its effect on energy metabolism, and local and systemic inflammation. In addition, we explore the evidence on the impact of PBDs on cardiovascular disease, examine the challenges and limitations associated with dietary intervention studies, and devise strategies to draw valid conclusions. Dietary interventions, such as PBDs are one of the most powerful, attainable, cost-effective tools for health and environmental protection at the population level. We conclude with a clear appreciation for PBDs in environmental sustainability, climate change, and animal welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amudha Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, AR, USA
| | - Vignesh Chidambaram
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, AR, USA
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, AR, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Little Rock, AR
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Siqueira CHIA, Esteves LG, Duarte CK. Plant-based diet index score is not associated with body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Res 2022; 104:128-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
18
|
Plasma boron concentrations in the general population: a cross-sectional analysis of cardio-metabolic and dietary correlates. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1363-1375. [PMID: 34825958 PMCID: PMC8921125 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Experimental evidence suggests positive effects of boron on health and metabolism, but human data are still scarce. We aimed to identify dietary and cardio-metabolic correlates of plasma boron concentrations in the general population. Methods In a community-based sample (n = 899, 57% men, mean age 61 years), plasma boron (median [IQR]: 33.80 µg/L [25.61; 44.65]) concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Overall (PDI), healthy (hPDI), and unhealthy (uPDI) plant-based diet indices were derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Reduced rank regression (RRR) yielded a dietary pattern explaining 30% of the variation of circulating boron. Cross-sectional associations of dietary indices and cardio-metabolic traits with plasma boron concentrations were assessed using multivariable-adjusted linear regression analysis. Results The RRR pattern was characterized by high intake of fruits, nuts/seeds, tea, wine and low intake of e.g. bread, poultry, processed meat, chocolate/sweets, and soft drinks. 10-point increments in PDI, hPDI, and uPDI were associated with 8.7% (95% CI: 4.2; 13.4), 10.4% (95% CI: 6.6; 14.3), and −8.8% (95% CI: −12.1; −5.4) change in plasma boron concentrations, respectively. Age and phosphate were directly, while BMI, plasma lipid concentrations, and CRP were inversely associated with circulating boron. Plasma boron concentrations were higher in summer vs. winter, in individuals taking vs. not taking antihypertensive medication, and in individuals with high or medium vs. low education level. Conclusion Higher plasma boron concentrations appeared to associate with a healthier diet, were related to lower BMI and a more favorable cardio-metabolic risk profile, and showed seasonal variations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02730-w.
Collapse
|
19
|
Craig WJ, Mangels AR, Fresán U, Marsh K, Miles FL, Saunders AV, Haddad EH, Heskey CE, Johnston P, Larson-Meyer E, Orlich M. The Safe and Effective Use of Plant-Based Diets with Guidelines for Health Professionals. Nutrients 2021; 13:4144. [PMID: 34836399 PMCID: PMC8623061 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets, defined here as including both vegan and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, are growing in popularity throughout the Western world for various reasons, including concerns for human health and the health of the planet. Plant-based diets are more environmentally sustainable than meat-based diets and have a reduced environmental impact, including producing lower levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Dietary guidelines are normally formulated to enhance the health of society, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and prevent nutritional deficiencies. We reviewed the scientific data on plant-based diets to summarize their preventative and therapeutic role in cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and osteoporosis. Consuming plant-based diets is safe and effective for all stages of the life cycle, from pregnancy and lactation, to childhood, to old age. Plant-based diets, which are high in fiber and polyphenolics, are also associated with a diverse gut microbiota, producing metabolites that have anti-inflammatory functions that may help manage disease processes. Concerns about the adequate intake of a number of nutrients, including vitamin B12, calcium, vitamin D, iron, zinc, and omega-3 fats, are discussed. The use of fortified foods and/or supplements as well as appropriate food choices are outlined for each nutrient. Finally, guidelines are suggested for health professionals working with clients consuming plant-based diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winston J. Craig
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
| | | | - Ujué Fresán
- eHealth Group, Instituto de Salud Global Barcelona (ISGlobal), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Kate Marsh
- Private Practice, Chatswood, NSW 2067, Australia;
| | - Fayth L. Miles
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| | - Angela V. Saunders
- Nutrition Insights, Sanitarium Health Food Company, Berkeley Vale, NSW 2261, Australia;
| | - Ella H. Haddad
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Celine E. Heskey
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Patricia Johnston
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Enette Larson-Meyer
- Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Michael Orlich
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dietary patterns and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5373-5382. [PMID: 34560608 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Prospective cohort studies linking dietary patterns and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are limited, especially in Asian populations. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the association between dietary patterns and risk of NAFLD in a general Chinese adult population. METHODS This study included a total of 17,360 participants free from NAFLD at baseline. Dietary patterns at baseline were identified with factor analysis based on responses to a validated 100-item food frequency questionnaire. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound after excluding other causes related to chronic liver disease. Cox proportional regression models were used to assess the association between dietary patterns and risk of NAFLD. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 4.2 years, 4034 NAFLD cases were documented. Three main dietary patterns were extracted: sugar rich dietary pattern, vegetable rich dietary pattern, and animal food dietary pattern. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, education, occupation, income, physical activity, total energy intake, personal and family history of disease, depressive symptoms, dietary supplement use, inflammation markers, and each other dietary pattern score, comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles of dietary pattern scores, the multivariable hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of NAFLD were 1.11 (1.01, 1.23) for sugar rich dietary pattern, 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) for vegetable rich dietary pattern, and 1.22 (1.10, 1.36) for animal food dietary pattern. Further adjustment for waist circumference instead of body mass index provided similar results. CONCLUSION Dietary patterns rich in animal foods or sugar were associated with a higher risk of NAFLD among Chinese adults, whereas a vegetable rich dietary pattern was not associated.
Collapse
|
21
|
Laouali N, Shah S, MacDonald CJ, Mahamat-Saleh Y, El Fatouhi D, Mancini F, Fagherazzi G, Boutron-Ruault MC. BMI in the Associations of Plant-Based Diets with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension Risks in Women: The E3N Prospective Cohort Study. J Nutr 2021; 151:2731-2740. [PMID: 34236437 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated the quality of plant-based diets in relation to chronic diseases, and the potential role of BMI is not clearly explored. OBJECTIVES To study the associations between plant-based diet indices and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension risks, as well as the extent to which the associations were modified and/or mediated by BMI. METHODS The study included 74,522 women from the Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale prospective cohort [mean (SD): age, 52.94 (6.7) years; BMI, 22.970 (3.328) kg/m2]. Dietary data were collected at baseline (1993) via an FFQ. Overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful PDI (hPDI), and unhealthful PDI (uPDI) were developed. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to derive HRs and 95% CIs. Effect modification and mediation by BMI were explored. RESULTS There were 3292 (4.64%) incident cases of T2D and 12,504 (27.14%) incident cases of hypertension over ∼20 years of follow-up. In the multivariable model further adjusted for BMI, higher adherence to PDI and hPDI was associated with lower T2D and hypertension risks, with an HR per 1-SD increase (95% CI) of 0.88 (0.85, 0.91) and 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) for PDI and 0.88 (0.85, 0.92) and 0.94 (0.92, 0.95) for hPDI, respectively. uPDI was not associated with T2D [0.98 (0.94, 1.01)], whereas a positive association was observed with hypertension: 1.04 (1.02, 1.06). There was interaction between PDI and uPDI, as well as BMI, on T2D (P-interaction < 0.001) but not on hypertension (P-interaction > 0.05). In addition, BMI mediated 26-59% and 0.2-59% of diet-T2D and diet-hypertension associations, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Differential associations between plant-based diets and T2D and hypertension risks were observed among women in this large prospective study. Only healthier plant foods were associated with lower risks, partly through decreasing BMI. The protocol was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03285230.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Laouali
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, University Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP, Villejuif, France.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sanam Shah
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, University Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Conor-James MacDonald
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, University Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Yahya Mahamat-Saleh
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, University Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Douae El Fatouhi
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, University Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Mancini
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, University Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, University Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mendoza-Vasconez AS, Landry MJ, Crimarco A, Bladier C, Gardner CD. Sustainable Diets for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Management. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:31. [PMID: 33970349 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Healthy dietary patterns are recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In this review, we discuss dietary patterns that are not only optimal for CVD prevention and management but also sustainable in maximizing health, environmental, and economic benefits. RECENT FINDINGS The growing literature on sustainable diets in the context of environmental sustainability includes subtopics of climate change, land use, biodiversity loss, freshwater use, and reactive nitrogen emissions. Similarly, economic sustainability, beyond the retail cost of food, extends to healthcare costs and the economic costs of environmental destruction related to current agricultural practices and food choices. Dietary patterns that are high in plant foods and low in animal foods could maximize health, environmental, and economic benefits; however, questions remain about how to best promote these patterns to achieve wider adoption in an environmentally and economically sustainable way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J Landry
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Crimarco
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Claire Bladier
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christopher D Gardner
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ratjen I, Enderle J, Burmeister G, Koch M, Nöthlings U, Hampe J, Lieb W. Post-diagnostic reliance on plant-compared with animal-based foods and all-cause mortality in omnivorous long-term colorectal cancer survivors. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:441-449. [PMID: 33964858 PMCID: PMC8326049 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-rich diets are associated with lower cardiometabolic risks and longer survival in the general population, but their association with mortality in cancer survivors is still unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the associations of 3 postdiagnostic plant-based diet indices with all-cause mortality in omnivorous long-term colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. METHODS Diet was assessed with FFQs at a median of 6 years after diagnosis in 1404 CRC survivors (56% male; median age, 69 years) in a Northern German prospective cohort study. An overall, a healthful plant-based, and an unhealthful plant-based diet index were derived by scoring intakes of animal foods reversely and intakes of healthy (whole grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, oils, tea/coffee) and less healthy plant foods (refined grains, fruit juices, sugar-sweetened beverages, potatoes, sweets/desserts) positively or reversely, depending on the index. Vital status follow-up was conducted via population registries. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to estimate HRs for all-cause mortality according to plant-based diet adherence. RESULTS Within 7 years (median) after diet assessment, 204 deaths occurred. The overall plant-based diet index displayed a significant, inverse association with all-cause mortality (HR per 10-point increase in diet index, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57-0.91). Although not statistically significant, higher healthful plant-based diet scores showed a strong tendency towards lower mortality (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67-1.01). The unhealthful plant-based diet index was associated with higher mortality, but lost statistical significance after multivariable adjustment (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.96-1.48). A subgroup analysis revealed that the tendency towards a positive association of the unhealthful plant-based diet with mortality was restricted to less physically active individuals (<95 metabolic equivalent of task hours/week). CONCLUSIONS An overall plant-based diet was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in long-term CRC survivors. However, more research is needed to further disentangle the impacts of different qualities of plant-based diets on cancer survivors' health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Janna Enderle
- Institute of Epidemiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Greta Burmeister
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Manja Koch
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index, Dietary Patterns, Plant-Based Dietary Index and the Risk of Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051536. [PMID: 34063221 PMCID: PMC8147427 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the association between various dietary constructs and obesity risk is limited. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between different diet indices and dietary patterns with the risk of obesity. Non-obese participants (n = 787) in the North West Adelaide Health Study were followed from 2010 to 2015. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®), plant-based dietary index (PDI) and factor-derived dietary pattern scores were computed based on food frequency questionnaire data. We found the incidence of obesity was 7.62% at the 5-year follow up. In the adjusted model, results from multivariable log-binomial logistic regression showed that a prudent dietary pattern (RRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15–0.96), healthy PDI (RR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12–0.77) and overall PDI (RR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.23–1.33) were inversely associated with obesity risk. Conversely, the DII (RR = 1.59; 95% CI: 0.72–3.50), a Western dietary pattern (RR = 2.16; 95% CI: 0.76–6.08) and unhealthy PDI (RR = 1.94; 95% CI: 0.81–4.66) were associated with increased risk of obesity. Based on the cubic spline analysis, the association between an unhealthy PDI or diet quality with the risk of obesity was non-linear. In conclusion, an anti-inflammatory diet, healthy diet or consumption of healthy plant-based foods were all associated with a lower risk of developing obesity.
Collapse
|
25
|
Atakan MM, Koşar ŞN, Güzel Y, Tin HT, Yan X. The Role of Exercise, Diet, and Cytokines in Preventing Obesity and Improving Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051459. [PMID: 33922998 PMCID: PMC8145589 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide despite evidence-based public health recommendations. The promise to adopt a healthy lifestyle is increasingly important for tackling this global epidemic. Calorie restriction or regular exercise or a combination of the two is accepted as an effective strategy in preventing or treating obesity. Furthermore, the benefits conferred by regular exercise to overcome obesity are attributed not only to reduced adiposity or reduced levels of circulating lipids but also to the proteins, peptides, enzymes, and metabolites that are released from contracting skeletal muscle or other organs. The secretion of these molecules called cytokines in response to exercise induces browning of white adipose tissue by increasing the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes within the white adipose tissue, suggesting that exercise-induced cytokines may play a significant role in preventing obesity. In this review, we present research-based evidence supporting the effects of exercise and various diet interventions on preventing obesity and adipose tissue health. We also discuss the interplay between adipose tissue and the cytokines secreted from skeletal muscle and other organs that are known to affect adipose tissue and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Mustafa Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Şükran Nazan Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yasemin Güzel
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Hiu Tung Tin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
- Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9919-4024; Fax: +61-3-9919-5615
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pacifico L, Perla FM, Chiesa C. Impact of healthy plant-based diet on abdominal visceral and liver fat contents. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2021; 10:136-138. [PMID: 33575306 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-20-760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pacifico
- Department of Maternal and Child health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Chiesa
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|