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Griffen C, Cullen T, Hattersley J, Weickert MO, Dallaway A, Duncan M, Renshaw D. Effects of resistance exercise and whey protein supplementation on cognitive function in older men: secondary analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2024; 193:112477. [PMID: 38844183 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ageing is associated with cognitive decline. This study investigated the individual and combined effects of resistance exercise (RE) and whey protein supplementation (PRO) on cognitive function in older men. METHODS In a pooled-groups analysis, 36 older men (age: 67 ± 4 years) were randomised to either RE (2 x/week; n = 18) or no exercise (NE; n = 18), and either PRO (2 × 25 g/d whey protein isolate; n = 18) or control (CON, 2 × 23.75 g maltodextrin/d; n = 18). A sub-analysis was also conducted between RE + CON (n = 9) and RE + PRO (n = 9). At baseline and 12 weeks, participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tests (CANTAB; Cambridge Cognition, UK) and neurobiological, inflammatory, salivary cortisol and insulin sensitivity biomarkers were quantified. RESULTS PRO improved executive function z-score (+0.31 ± 0.08) greater than CON (+0.06 ± 0.08, P = 0.03) and there was a trend towards improved global cognitive function (P = 0.053). RE and RE + PRO did not improve any cognitive function domains (p ≥ 0.07). RE decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P = 0.02) and interleukin-6 (P = 0.048) concentrations compared to NE, but changes in biomarkers did not correlate with changes in cognitive domains. Muscle strength (r = 0.34, P = 0.045) and physical function (ρ = 0.35-0.51, P < 0.05) outcomes positively correlated with cognitive function domains at baseline, but only Δskeletal muscle index correlated with Δepisodic memory (r = 0.34, P = 0.046) following the intervention. CONCLUSION In older men, PRO improved cognitive function, most notably executive functioning. RE did not improve any cognitive function domains but did decrease biomarkers of systemic inflammation. No synergistic effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin Griffen
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom; Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom.
| | - Tom Cullen
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom
| | - John Hattersley
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom; Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7HL, United Kingdom
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Dallaway
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom; Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Duncan
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom
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2
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Inoue N, Shibata T, Tanaka Y, Taguchi H, Sawada R, Goto K, Momokita S, Aoyagi M, Hirao T, Yamanishi Y. Revealing Comprehensive Food Functionalities and Mechanisms of Action through Machine Learning. J Chem Inf Model 2024. [PMID: 38950938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Foods possess a range of unexplored functionalities; however, fully identifying these functions through empirical means presents significant challenges. In this study, we have proposed an in silico approach to comprehensively predict the functionalities of foods, encompassing even processed foods. This prediction is accomplished through the utilization of machine learning on biomedical big data. Our focus revolves around disease-related protein pathways, wherein we statistically evaluate how the constituent compounds collaboratively regulate these pathways. The proposed method has been employed across 876 foods and 83 diseases, leading to an extensive revelation of both food functionalities and their underlying operational mechanisms. Additionally, this approach identifies food combinations that potentially affect molecular pathways based on interrelationships between food functions within disease-related pathways. Our proposed method holds potential for advancing preventive healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Inoue
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Shibata
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Research & Development Headquarters, House Foods Group Inc., 1-4 Takanodai, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0033, Japan
| | - Hiromu Taguchi
- Research & Development Headquarters, House Foods Group Inc., 1-4 Takanodai, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0033, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Sawada
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kenshin Goto
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Shogo Momokita
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Morihiro Aoyagi
- Research & Development Headquarters, House Foods Group Inc., 1-4 Takanodai, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirao
- Research & Development Headquarters, House Foods Group Inc., 1-4 Takanodai, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamanishi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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3
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Young HA, Cousins AL, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Benton D, Gershon RC, Ghirardelli A, Latulippe ME, Scholey A, Wagstaff L. Alignment of Consumers' Expected Brain Benefits from Food and Supplements with Measurable Cognitive Performance Tests. Nutrients 2024; 16:1950. [PMID: 38931303 PMCID: PMC11206270 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumers often cite cognitive improvements as reasons for making dietary changes or using dietary supplements, a motivation that if leveraged could greatly enhance public health. However, rarely is it considered whether standardized cognitive tests that are used in nutrition research are aligned to outcomes of interest to the consumer. This knowledge gap presents a challenge to the scientific substantiation of nutrition-based cognitive health benefits. Here we combined focus group transcript review using reflexive thematic analysis and a multidisciplinary expert panel exercise to evaluate the applicability of cognitive performance tools/tasks for substantiating the specific cognitive benefits articulated by consumers with the objectives to (1) understand how consumers comprehend the potential benefits of nutrition for brain health, and (2) determine the alignment between consumers desired brain benefits and validated tests and tools. We derived a 'Consumer Taxonomy of Cognitive and Affective Health in Nutrition Research' which describes the cognitive and affective structure from the consumers perspective. Experts agreed that validated tests exist for some consumer benefits including focused attention, sustained attention, episodic memory, energy levels, and anxiety. Prospective memory, flow, and presence represented novel benefits that require the development and validation of new tests and tools. Closing the gap between science and consumers and fostering co-creative approaches to nutrition research are critical to the development of products and dietary recommendations that support realizable cognitive benefits that benefit public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley A. Young
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Wales SA2 8PP, UK; (A.L.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Alecia L. Cousins
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Wales SA2 8PP, UK; (A.L.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Carol Byrd-Bredbenner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - David Benton
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Wales SA2 8PP, UK; (A.L.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Richard C. Gershon
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA;
| | | | - Marie E. Latulippe
- Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Washington, DC 20005, USA;
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Nutrition Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia;
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
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4
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Murakami Y, Hosomi R, Murakami H, Nishimoto A, Tanaka G, Kimura T, Imamura Y, Yoshida M, Fukunaga K. Exploring animal protein sources against prevent age-related short-term memory decline in mice: Dietary fish (Alaska Pollock) protein exhibits superior protective effects. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3776-3787. [PMID: 38767938 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Dietary factors, particularly proteins, have been extensively explored to combat cognitive impairment. We have previously reported that dietary fish (Alaska Pollock) protein (APP) is more effective than casein (CAS) or fish oil in maintaining short-term memory in senescence-accelerated mice prone 10 (SAMP10). To examine the specificity of the protective effect of APP intakes against short-term memory decline, we assessed the impact of various dietary animal proteins, including APP, CAS, chicken breast protein (CP), and whey protein (WP), against age-related cognitive function in SAMP10 mice. After feeding the experimental diets for 5 months, memory was assessed using the Y-maze. The APP group exhibited a significant increase in spontaneous alternation behavior as an indicator of working memory when group compared with groups fed with other protein source. Additionally, the APP group displayed significantly higher neurofilament heavy chain positivity than the CAS and CP groups, as evidenced immunohistochemical analysis. Gut microbiota analysis indicated that dietary APP significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, which positively correlated with spontaneous alternation behavior. Collectively, these findings suggest that dietary APP is more effective than CAS, CP, or WP in preventing age-related short-term memory decline and morphological abnormalities in the hippocampal axons of SAMP10 mice. Moreover, APP-mediated improvements in cognitive deficits may be associated with changes in microbiota diversity. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research suggests that dietary fish protein from Alaska Pollock may be more efficient in prevention short-term memory decline in mice, compared to other animal proteins. This finding has practical implications for nutritional optimization, developing the new health food products, and elucidating the relationship between the impact of specific proteins on gut microbiota and prevention of age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Murakami
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Hosomi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayano Nishimoto
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Genki Tanaka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kimura
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Imamura
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Architectural and Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Munehiro Yoshida
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukunaga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Fujiwara K, Tanaka T, Kobayashi H, Nagao K, Ishikawa-Takata K. Analysis of the Association between Protein Intake and Disability-Adjusted Life Year Rates for Alzheimer's Disease in Japanese Aged over 60. Nutrients 2024; 16:1221. [PMID: 38674911 PMCID: PMC11053731 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With advancements in medical technology, the structure of disease is shifting from acute illnesses to chronic conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Consequently, there is an escalating need for evaluations that discourse on the potential effects on healthy life years, as well as disease onset. We aimed to evaluate the associations with AD disability-adjusted life year (AD-DALY) rates and protein intake by sex and age group. For the analysis, we used representative values for males and females in their 60s and aged over 70, extracted from the public dataset of the Global Burden of Disease Study and the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan, covering the years 1990 to 2019. In order to evaluate the association between AD-DALY rates and protein intake, we analyzed correlations and stratified multiple regression models. Additionally, we simulated alterations in AD-DALY rates associated with changes in protein intake by utilizing stratified multiple regression models. AD-DALY rates and protein intake indicated significant negative correlations across all sex and age groups. In stratified multiple regression models, significant associations were found between higher protein intake and lower AD-DALY rates in females. In the simulation, when protein intake was increased to 1.5 g/kg/day, AD-DALY rates decreased by 5-9 percent compared with 2019. However, the association between intake of animal and plant protein and AD-DALY rates were found to vary based on sex and age group. The present study suggests the possibility to improve AD-DALY rates by increasing population average protein intake levels in a recommended range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Fujiwara
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Hisamine Kobayashi
- Business Strategy & Planning Department, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Kenji Nagao
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
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6
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Ji K, Sun M, Hong Y, Li L, Wang X, Li C, Yang S, Du W, Xu K, Zhou H. Association of vitamin B1 intake with geriatric cognitive function: An analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28119. [PMID: 38601615 PMCID: PMC11004520 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The association between dietary vitamin B1 intake and cognitive performance in the noninstitutionalized older adult population of the United States remains unclear. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin B1 intake and cognitive performance in older adults in the United States. Methods Vitamin B1 intake was assessed through two 24-h dietary recalls. Weighted logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between vitamin B1 intake and three cognitive scores (immediate recall test [IRT], animal fluency test [AFT], and digit symbol substitution test [DSST]). Cognitive performance was measured by these three tests, and individuals scoring below the lowest quartile were categorized as cognitive impairment. Sensitivity analysis, including dose-response curves, subgroup analyses, interaction effects, per 1 SD, and quartiles, were performed to ensure the accuracy of the conclusion. Results A total of 2896 participants over the age of 60 were included in this study. In the adjusted final model, the association between vitamin B1 intake and low cognitive performance in old age was statistically significant, with the following odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): IRT, 0.75 (0.57, 0.97), P = 0.018; AFT, 0.68 (0.50, 0.92), P = 0.007; DSST, 0.71 (0.54, 0.92), P = 0.005. Subgroup analyses showed that this association was statistically significant among males, white, low-education, and no memory impairment. The results of the sensitivity analyses confirmed the association between VB1 and cognitive function in old age and the absence of interactions in the final calibrated model. Conclusion Dietary vitamin B1 intake is negatively associated with cognitive performance in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Ji
- Department of Central Laboratory, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Minli Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Ye Hong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Chaonian Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Shengkai Yang
- Department of Neurocentres, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Department of Neurocentres, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Kangjie Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
- Department of Neurocentres, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
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7
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Chen J, Fang S, Cai Z, Zhao Q, Yang N. Dietary serine intake is associated with cognitive function among US adults. Food Funct 2024; 15:3744-3751. [PMID: 38498094 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04972h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Aims: Diet can modify the risk of cognitive decline. However, research on the relationship between dietary intake of serine and cognitive decline remains limited and this study aims to reveal the relationship between them. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-1994 (n = 1837) were used to explore the relationship between dietary intakes of serine and cognitive function through quantile multiple linear analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCS) regression. We also investigated 9 food groups for serine intake according to the USDA food code to determine which food sources of serine are beneficial for cognitive function. Results: The top three serine intakes were attributed to meat/poultry/fish, grain products, and milk or milk products. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that a significant negative linear trend was observed between serine intake and SDLT. RCS results showed a non-linear relationship between serine intake and SDLT or SDST. Among the 9 food group intakes, milk or milk products sourced serine intake was good for memory ability. Conclusion: serine, particularly serine from milk or milk products, has a beneficial impact on memory ability in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Shuhua Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch Southeast University, Nanjing 211200, China
| | - Zeman Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Nian Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
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8
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Hu FB. Diet strategies for promoting healthy aging and longevity: An epidemiological perspective. J Intern Med 2024; 295:508-531. [PMID: 37867396 PMCID: PMC10939982 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, global life expectancies have risen significantly, accompanied by a marked increase in chronic diseases and population aging. This narrative review aims to summarize recent findings on the dietary factors influencing chronic diseases and longevity, primarily from large cohort studies. First, maintaining a healthy weight throughout life is pivotal for healthy aging and longevity, mirroring the benefits of lifelong, moderate calorie restriction in today's obesogenic food environment. Second, the specific types or food sources of dietary fat, protein, and carbohydrates are more important in influencing chronic disease risk and mortality than their quantity. Third, some traditional diets (e.g., the Mediterranean, Nordic, and Okinawa) and contemporary dietary patterns, such as healthy plant-based diet index, the DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) diet, and alternate healthy eating index, have been associated with lower mortality and healthy longevity. These patterns share many common components (e.g., a predominance of nutrient-rich plant foods; limited red and processed meats; culinary herbs and spices prevalent in global cuisines) while embracing distinct elements from different cultures. Fourth, combining a healthy diet with other lifestyle factors could extend disease-free life expectancies by 8-10 years. While adhering to core principles of healthy diets, it is crucial to adapt dietary recommendations to individual preferences and cultures as well as nutritional needs of aging populations. Public health strategies should aim to create a healthier food environment where nutritious options are readily accessible, especially in public institutions and care facilities for the elderly. Although further mechanistic studies and human trials are needed to better understand molecular effects of diet on aging, there is a pressing need to establish and maintain long-term cohorts studying diet and aging in culturally diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank B. Hu
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. USA
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9
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Wu YP, Li CJ, Xia XX, Xu WP, Jing P. Nutrition intake modifies the association between pulmonary function and cognitive performance among elderly Americans from NHANES 2011-2012. Eur Geriatr Med 2024; 15:553-559. [PMID: 38227111 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-023-00921-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nutrition intake is one of the modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline. Whether energy and protein intakes alter the association between pulmonary function (PF) and cognition has not been studied. METHODS We made use of information from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. PF measures, including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and peak expiratory flow (PEF), were calculated, whereas cognitive function was assessed through four tests: the Immediate Recall test (IRT), the Delayed Recall test (DRT), the Animal Fluency test (AFT) and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Energy and protein intakes were measured using the 24-h dietary recall method. Weighted generalized linear regression was performed upon adjustment for covariates. Further interaction analyses were conducted to investigate the effect of energy and protein intakes on the association between PF and cognition. RESULTS We finally included 803 participants aged ≥ 60 years (54.4% female, weighted value). After adjusting for covariates, multiple measures (including FEV1, FVC, PEF, and composite PF) were all positively associated with better global cognition and the DSST score (P < 0.05). A stronger positive association between the DSST score and FEV1 (P for interaction = 0.001), FVC (P for interaction = 0.004), PEF (P for interaction = 0.003), and composite PF (P for interaction = 0.001) in lower energy intake. Similar results were observed in lower protein intake (all P for interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSION Higher PF was independently associated with improved specific components of cognitive function (i.e., the DSST score). The positive association between PF and the DSST score was stronger in individuals with lower energy and protein intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Xin Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Ping Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Jing
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Song Y, Wu F, Sharma S, Clendenen TV, India‐Aldana S, Afanasyeva Y, Gu Y, Koenig KL, Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte A, Chen Y. Mid-life adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and late-life subjective cognitive complaints in women. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1076-1088. [PMID: 37861080 PMCID: PMC10917042 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence is limited on the role of mid-life Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in late-life subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs). METHODS We included 5116 women (mean age in 1985-1991: 46 years) from the New York University Women's Health Study. SCCs were assessed from 2018 to 2020 (mean age: 79 years) by a 6-item questionnaire. RESULTS Compared to women in the bottom quartile of the DASH scores, the odds ratio (OR) for having two or more SCCs was 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.70-0.99) for women in the top quartile of DASH scores at baseline (P for trend = 0.019). The association was similar with multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting to account for potential selection bias. The inverse association was stronger in women without a history of cancer (P for interaction = 0.003). DISCUSSION Greater adherence to the DASH diet in mid-life was associated with lower prevalence of late-life SCCs in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Song
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Population HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyNYU School of Global Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Fen Wu
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Population HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sneha Sharma
- NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Tess V. Clendenen
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Population HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sandra India‐Aldana
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Population HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yelena Afanasyeva
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Population HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yian Gu
- Department of NeurologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Karen L. Koenig
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Population HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Population HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yu Chen
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Population HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Environmental MedicineNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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11
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Ardisson Korat AV, Shea MK, Jacques PF, Sebastiani P, Wang M, Eliassen AH, Willett WC, Sun Q. Dietary protein intake in midlife in relation to healthy aging - results from the prospective Nurses' Health Study cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:271-282. [PMID: 38309825 PMCID: PMC10884611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein intake plays an important role in maintaining the health status of older adults. However, few epidemiologic studies examined midlife protein intake in relation to healthy aging. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term role of dietary protein intake in healthy aging among female participants in the prospective Nurses' Health Study (NHS) cohort. METHODS We included 48,762 NHS participants aged <60 y in 1984. Total protein, animal protein, dairy protein (a subset of animal protein), and plant protein were derived from validated food frequency questionnaires. Healthy aging was defined as being free from 11 major chronic diseases, having good mental health, and not having impairments in either cognitive or physical function, as assessed in the 2014 or 2016 NHS participant questionnaires. We used multivariate logistic regression adjusted for lifestyle, demographics, and health status to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for protein intake in relation to healthy aging. RESULTS A total of 3721 (7.6%) NHS participants met our healthy aging definition. Protein intake was significantly associated with higher odds of healthy aging. The ORs (95% confidence intervals) per 3%-energy increment with healthy aging were 1.05 (1.01, 1.10) for total protein, 1.07 (1.02, 1.11) for animal protein, 1.14 (1.06, 1.23) for dairy protein, and 1.38 (1.24, 1.54) for plant protein. Plant protein was also associated with higher odds of absence of physical function limitations and good mental status. In substitution analyses, we observed significant positive associations for the isocaloric replacement of animal or dairy protein, carbohydrate, or fat with plant protein (ORs for healthy aging: 1.22-1.58 for 3% energy replacement with plant protein). CONCLUSIONS Dietary protein intake, especially plant protein, in midlife, is associated with higher odds of healthy aging and with several domains of positive health status in a large cohort of female nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres V Ardisson Korat
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States; Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - M Kyla Shea
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul F Jacques
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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12
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Dissanayaka DMS, Jayasena V, Rainey-Smith SR, Martins RN, Fernando WMADB. The Role of Diet and Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:412. [PMID: 38337696 PMCID: PMC10857293 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. Currently, Alzheimer's disease (AD) impacts 50 million individuals, with projections anticipating an increase to 152 million by the year 2050. Despite the increasing global prevalence of AD, its underlying pathology remains poorly understood, posing challenges for early diagnosis and treatment. Recent research suggests a link between gut dysbiosis and the aggregation of Aβ, the development of tau proteins, and the occurrence of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are associated with AD. However, investigations into the gut-brain axis (GBA) in the context of AD progression and pathology have yielded inconsistent findings. This review aims to enhance our understanding of microbial diversity at the species level and the role of these species in AD pathology. Additionally, this review addresses the influence of confounding elements, including diet, probiotics, and prebiotics, on AD throughout different stages (preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD) of its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Sithara Dissanayaka
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.M.S.D.); (S.R.R.-S.); (R.N.M.)
- Alzheimer’s Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Vijay Jayasena
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, M15, Rm. G54, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.M.S.D.); (S.R.R.-S.); (R.N.M.)
- Alzheimer’s Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Aging, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.M.S.D.); (S.R.R.-S.); (R.N.M.)
- Alzheimer’s Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - W. M. A. D. Binosha Fernando
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.M.S.D.); (S.R.R.-S.); (R.N.M.)
- Alzheimer’s Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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13
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Polis B, Samson AO. Enhancing cognitive function in older adults: dietary approaches and implications. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1286725. [PMID: 38356861 PMCID: PMC10864441 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1286725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural aging encompasses physiological and psychological changes that impact overall health and quality of life. Mitigating these effects requires physical and mental exercise, coupled with proper nutrition. Notably, protein malnutrition emerges as a potential risk factor for senile dementia, with insufficient intake correlating with premature cognitive decline. Adequate protein intake in the elderly positively associates with memory function and lowers cognitive impairment risk. Considering diet as a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, extensive research has explored diverse dietary strategies to prevent dementia onset in older adults. However, conclusive results remain limited. This review aims to synthesize recent evidence on effective dietary approaches to enhance cognitive function and prognosis in older individuals. Specifically, the study evaluates complex multicomponent programs, protein-rich diets, and branched-chain amino acid supplementation. By addressing the nexus of nutrition and cognitive health, this review contributes to understanding viable interventions for promoting cognitive well-being in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruh Polis
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Drug Discovery, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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14
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Huang J, Yu Y, Li H, Wei Y, Sun M. Effect of dietary protein intake on cognitive function in the elderly with chronic kidney disease: analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2294147. [PMID: 38097960 PMCID: PMC10732213 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2294147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction is prevalent among the elderly diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Low protein diets are used for retarding the progression of CKD in clinical practice. Nonetheless, the impact of dietary protein consumption on cognitive function in this population remains uncertain. METHODS We recruited 2306 participants (≥60 years) from 2011 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). 24-h dietary recall questionnaire was utilized to evaluate protein intake. Cognitive function was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Participants' characteristics were analyzed, and the interaction between protein consumption and CKD on cognitive impairment were analyzed using a logistic regression model. RESULTS We divided participants into three groups based on CKD stages: no CKD, CKD stage G1 to G2 (19%), and CKD stage G3 to G5 (18%). The average protein intake was 0.97 g/(kg·d). In the higher protein intake group, CKD stages G1 to G2 elevated the risk of immediate memory impairment (OR: 2.441, 95% Cl: 1.161-5.132 for protein consumption in 1.0-1.2g/(kg·d); OR: 2.225, 95% Cl: 1.015-4.876 for protein consumption in >1.2 g/(kg·d)). However, no similar resuts were observed in the lower protein intake group. In addition, the interaction between CKD status and protein intake on immediate memory was statistically significant (p = .041). CONCLUSION A higher probability of cognitive impairment in the elderly with early-stage CKD may be linked to higher protein intake. Low protein diets may be a potential strategy to release cognitive impairment in the elderly with early-stage CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingda Huang
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Yu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yihui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mindan Sun
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Lu Y, Sugawara Y, Tsuji I. Association between dairy intake and risk of incident dementia: the Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2751-2761. [PMID: 37335358 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between dairy intake and risk of incident dementia in older adults. METHODS A longitudinal analysis of dairy intake with incident dementia was conducted using a cohort study of 11,637 non-disabled Japanese older adults aged ≥ 65 years followed-up for up to 5.7 years (mean: 5.0 years). Data on milk, yogurt, and cheese intake were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Total dairy intake was calculated as the sum of the daily intake of milk, yogurt, and cheese, which was sex-specifically categorized in quintiles. Dementia cases were retrieved from the public long-term care insurance database. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for incident dementia. RESULTS During 58,013 person-years of follow-up, 946 persons developed dementia. In the primary analysis, compare to the lowest quintile of total dairy intake, Q2 showed a slightly decreased incident dementia risk (HR for Q2 vs Q1: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.73-1.10) after fully adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, psychological, and nutritional factors, and diseases history. Compared to non-consumers of milk, those consuming for 1-2 times/month showed a lower risk of incident dementia (fully-adjusted HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.57-1.02). Daily yogurt consumers also had a reduced risk (fully-adjusted HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.74-1.09). But daily cheese consumers showed an increased risk of dementia (fully-adjusted HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.91-1.79). In the sensitivity analysis where we excluded dementia cases ascertained in the first 2 years, results were consistent with those from the primary analysis and we further found that yogurt intake might be inversely associated with dementia risk (p for trend = 0.025). CONCLUSION Low total dairy intake or low milk intake frequency might be associated with lower incident dementia risk, however daily cheese consumers seemed to have an increased risk. Our study also suggested a possible inverse dose-response association between yogurt consumption and dementia risk, but further studies are needed to confirm whether this benefit was from yogurt intake itself or as a part of a healthy dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Lu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
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16
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Talebi S, Asoudeh F, Naeini F, Sadeghi E, Travica N, Mohammadi H. Association between animal protein sources and risk of neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1131-1143. [PMID: 36647769 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Current findings about the differential effects of various sources of dietary animal protein on the risk of neurodegenerative diseases are contradictory. OBJECTIVE The current meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the associations between intake of dietary animal protein sources and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched systematically until October 2021. DATA EXTRACTION Prospective cohort studies exploring the association between consumption of animal protein sources and risk of neurodegenerative diseases in the general population were included. Among 10 571 identified studies, 33 prospective cohort studies met the eligibility criteria. DATA ANALYSIS Dietary fish consumption was associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (RR = 0.75; 95%CI, 0.57-0.97), dementia (RR = 0.84; 95%CI, 0.75-0.93), and cognitive impairment (RR = 0.85; 95%CI, 0.81-0.95). The risk of developing Parkinson's disease was significantly higher among those in the highest vs the lowest intake categories of total dairy (RR = 1.49; 95%CI, 1.06-2.10) and milk (RR = 1.40; 95%CI, 1.13-1.73). Moreover, dietary intake of total dairy (RR = 0.89; 95%CI, 0.80-0.99), total meat (RR = 0.72; 95%CI, 0.57-0.90), and poultry (RR = 0.82; 95%CI, 0.68-0.99) was significantly associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment. A linear dose-response meta-analysis revealed that each 200-g increase in total daily dairy intake was associated with an 11% higher risk of Parkinson's disease and a 12% lower risk of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, there was a strong linear association between fish consumption and reduced risk of dementia. CONCLUSION Dairy consumption is associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease, but a higher intake of fish may be associated with lower risk of neurodegenerative disease. Future well-controlled, randomized clinical trials are essential to validate the present findings. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021281887.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepide Talebi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Asoudeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naeini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Sadeghi
- Research Consultation Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nikolaj Travica
- IMPACT-Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation; the Food & Mood Centre; and Barwon Health; Deakin University School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Ellouze I, Sheffler J, Nagpal R, Arjmandi B. Dietary Patterns and Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Review Linking Nutrition to Neuroscience. Nutrients 2023; 15:3204. [PMID: 37513622 PMCID: PMC10384681 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing concern for the aging population worldwide. With no current cure or reliable treatments available for AD, prevention is an important and growing area of research. A range of lifestyle and dietary patterns have been studied to identify the most effective preventive lifestyle changes against AD and related dementia (ADRD) pathology. Of these, the most studied dietary patterns are the Mediterranean, DASH, MIND, ketogenic, and modified Mediterranean-ketogenic diets. However, there are discrepancies in the reported benefits among studies examining these dietary patterns. We herein compile a narrative/literature review of existing clinical evidence on the association of these patterns with ADRD symptomology and contemplate their preventive/ameliorative effects on ADRD neuropathology in various clinical milieus. By and large, plant-based dietary patterns have been found to be relatively consistently and positively correlated with preventing and reducing the odds of ADRD. These impacts stem not only from the direct impact of specific dietary components within these patterns on the brain but also from indirect effects through decreasing the deleterious effects of ADRD risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, other psychosocial factors influence dietary intake, such as the social connection, which may directly influence diet and lifestyle, thereby also impacting ADRD risk. To this end, prospective research on ADRD should include a holistic approach, including psychosocial considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Ellouze
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 382, Tunisia;
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Julia Sheffler
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA;
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Bahram Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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18
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Zhu G, Zhao J, Zhang H, Wang G, Chen W. Gut Microbiota and its Metabolites: Bridge of Dietary Nutrients and Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:819-839. [PMID: 37075947 PMCID: PMC10334159 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation. Recent research has revealed the crucial role of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in modulating AD. However, the mechanisms by which the microbiome and microbial metabolites affect brain function remain poorly understood. Here, we review the literature on changes in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome in patients with AD and in animal models of AD. We also discuss the latest progress in understanding the pathways by which the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites from the host or diet regulate AD. By understanding the effects of dietary components on brain function, microbiota composition, and microbial metabolites, we examine the potential for manipulation of the gut microbiota through dietary intervention to delay the progression of AD. Although it is challenging to translate our understanding of microbiome-based approaches to dietary guidelines or clinical therapies, these findings provide an attractive target for promoting brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Norgren J, Sindi S, Sandebring-Matton A, Ngandu T, Kivipelto M, Kåreholt I. The Dietary Carbohydrate/Fat-Ratio and Cognitive Performance: Panel Analyses in Older Adults at Risk for Dementia. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100096. [PMID: 37275847 PMCID: PMC10236460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Roughly 80% of total energy intake (TEI) in most human diets originates from digestible carbohydrates (eCarb) and fat (eFat), but the impact of their proportions on cognitive performance is poorly understood. Objectives Our primary aim was to investigate estimates of global cognition in relation to macronutrient intake, with the log-ratio eCarb/eFat (CFr) as the primary predictor variable of interest. Secondary predictors were protein and the saturated/total fat ratio. Exploratory comparisons of CFr with eCarb and eFat as separate predictors were an additional aim. Methods The observations were made on panel data (years 0, 1, 2) from the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability, n = 1251; age 60-77 y; 47% females; selected by risk factors for dementia. Self-reported diet was assessed by 3-d food records. Global cognition was measured using a modified Neuropsychological Test Battery. A mixed linear regression model was used, adjusted for age, sex, education, body-mass index, cholesterol-lowering drugs, TEI, time, time × intervention/control group, with study site and subject as random factors. Estimates were standardized (mean = 0; SD = 1) with 95% CI. Results CFr had a negative estimate to global cognition (β = -0.022, CI: -0.039, -0.005; P = 0.011). The point estimate for protein was β = 0.013 (P = 0.41), and for the saturated/total fat ratio, associations with cognition were nonlinear. CFr correlated highly with eCarb (Pearson's r = 0.92) and eFat (r = -0.94). The point estimate for CFr fell between eCarb (β = -0.026, P < 0.001) and (inversely) eFat (β = 0.017, P = 0.090). Conclusions A lower CFr was associated with better global cognition among older adults at risk for dementia. Because this is an important target group for preventive interventions, clinical trials are warranted to further investigate the impact of macronutritional composition on cognitive health. The potential role of CFr as a predictor for cognitive health should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Norgren
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shireen Sindi
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Sandebring-Matton
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Population Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Medical Unit Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholms Sjukhem, Research and Development Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Kåreholt
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, Aging Research Network-Jönköping, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Sonsalla MM, Lamming DW. Geroprotective interventions in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00782-w. [PMID: 37022634 PMCID: PMC10400530 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease. As the population ages, the increasing prevalence of AD threatens massive healthcare costs in the coming decades. Unfortunately, traditional drug development efforts for AD have proven largely unsuccessful. A geroscience approach to AD suggests that since aging is the main driver of AD, targeting aging itself may be an effective way to prevent or treat AD. Here, we discuss the effectiveness of geroprotective interventions on AD pathology and cognition in the widely utilized triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) which develops both β-amyloid and tau pathologies characteristic of human AD, as well as cognitive deficits. We discuss the beneficial impacts of calorie restriction (CR), the gold standard for geroprotective interventions, and the effects of other dietary interventions including protein restriction. We also discuss the promising preclinical results of geroprotective pharmaceuticals, including rapamycin and medications for type 2 diabetes. Though these interventions and treatments have beneficial effects in the 3xTg-AD model, there is no guarantee that they will be as effective in humans, and we discuss the need to examine these interventions in additional animal models as well as the urgent need to test if some of these approaches can be translated from the lab to the bedside for the treatment of humans with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Sonsalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2500 Overlook Terrace, VAH C3127 Research 151, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2500 Overlook Terrace, VAH C3127 Research 151, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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21
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Maggi S, Ticinesi A, Limongi F, Noale M, Ecarnot F. The role of nutrition and the Mediterranean diet on the trajectories of cognitive decline. Exp Gerontol 2023; 173:112110. [PMID: 36720373 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide burden of dementia is immense, and set to increase to unprecedented levels in the coming decades, due to population aging. In the absence of disease-modifying treatment, there is therefore a strong rationale to support the assumption that acting on modifiable risk factors, especially in midlife, is a good strategy for reducing the burden of dementia. Among these risk factors, nutrition is key, as it is fundamental to healthy aging, and has interrelated benefits on a number of organ systems, metabolic processes and health states that can all contribute to modifying the risk of dementia. In this paper, we review the methodological challenges of comparing studies of dietary interventions. We then discuss the effect of genetics and the environment on brain health, and review in particular the literature data on the effect of nutrition on cognition. We summarize the body of data reporting the largely beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet on brain health, and the possible mechanisms that mediate these effects. Finally, we discuss future perspectives for further research in the field, notably the "gut-brain axis", thought to be a key mediator of the effect of nutrition on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Maggi
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Ticinesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Parma University-Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Limongi
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
| | - Marianna Noale
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
| | - Fiona Ecarnot
- University Hospital, Research Unit EA3920, University of Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France.
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Sakurai K, Okada E, Anzai S, Tamura R, Shiraishi I, Inamura N, Kobayashi S, Sato M, Matsumoto T, Kudo K, Sugawara Y, Hisatsune T. Protein-Balanced Dietary Habits Benefit Cognitive Function in Japanese Older Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030770. [PMID: 36771475 PMCID: PMC9920661 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since daily dietary habits can affect cognitive function, dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet have been proposed as interventions to slow cognitive decline. However, because dietary habits vary widely among different food cultures, it is necessary to establish dietary pattern intervention methods that are appropriate for each population. Therefore, in this study, the dietary patterns of elderly Japanese individuals were classified using cluster analysis, and their relationship with cognitive function was investigated. We then modeled the dietary patterns and applied them to another cohort of elderly Japanese individuals to determine whether differences in dietary patterns could predict cognitive decline. One hundred and fifty older adults ≥ 65 years of age in the community were recruited. Their daily food intake and cognitive function were measured using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, respectively. K-means cluster analysis identified a high-carbohydrate (HC) dietary pattern with high cereal intake and a protein-balanced (PB) dietary pattern with high intake of legumes, vegetables, seafood, meat, and eggs. Cognitive function was significantly higher in the PB group than in the HC group. Furthermore, to classify the new data into HC and PB patterns, a classification model was created by discriminant analysis using food groups with significantly different intakes among dietary patterns. Next, we recruited 267 new older adults ≥ 65 years of age and measured food intake and cognitive function assessed using the memory performance index score. Individuals with cognitive decline were identified and their detailed cognitive functions were assessed using the neurocognitive index score. Cognitive function was significantly impaired in the HC pattern in both the general elderly and cognitively impaired cohorts. These findings suggest that a dietary pattern of low carbohydrate and high protein intake is associated with good cognitive function in elderly Japanese individuals. Classification by these dietary patterns can predict cognitive reservation in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sakurai
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Erika Okada
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Saya Anzai
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Risako Tamura
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Izumi Shiraishi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Noriko Inamura
- Urban Design Center Kashiwanoha (UDCK), Kashiwa 277-0871, Japan
- Community Health Promotion Laboratory, Mitsui Fudosan, Co., Ltd., Kashiwa 277-8519, Japan
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Community Health Promotion Laboratory, Mitsui Fudosan, Co., Ltd., Kashiwa 277-8519, Japan
| | - Mikako Sato
- Research & Development Center, NH Foods Ltd., Tsukuba 300-2646, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Research & Development Center, NH Foods Ltd., Tsukuba 300-2646, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kudo
- Lifestyle Research Office, NH Foods Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-6014, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugawara
- Research & Development Center, NH Foods Ltd., Tsukuba 300-2646, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Hisatsune
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-04-7136-3632
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Garrido-Dzib AG, Chávez-Loría G, Magallón-Zertuche V, Avila-Nava A, Palacios-González B, Gutiérrez-Solis AL. Micro- and Macronutrient Intake and Food Group Frequency Consumed by Subjects with Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Latin America: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:425-439. [PMID: 37302035 PMCID: PMC10357157 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition has relevant role in the pathogenesis of dementia. However, in Latin American Countries (LAC), it is unknown which type of diet the subjects with dementia and cognitive dysfunction have. OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study was to determine micro- and macronutrients and food frequency intake among the LAC population with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. METHODS A systematic review using PubMed, Cochrane, Lilacs, and Scielo databases. Energy intake as well as micro- and macronutrients intake were analyzed using a random-effect model and presented in a forest plot. RESULTS Nine articles were included, an estimated energy intake of 1598.47 kcal (95% CI 1351.07-1845.88) was obtained. A daily consumption of 73.64 g/day (95% CI 64.07-83.2) of protein; 262.17 g/day (95% CI 214.51-309.93) of carbohydrates, and 57.91 g/day (95% CI 49.16-66.66) of fats were reported. A micronutrients daily intake consumption of 201.35μg/day of vitamin B9 (95% CI 125.32-277.38); 5.61μg/day of vitamin B12 (95% CI 2.53-8.70), and 139.67 mg/day of vitamin C (95% CI 59.33-220.02). Mineral intake of 637.32 mg/day of calcium (95% CI 288.54-986.11) and 9 mg/day of iron (95% CI 2.28-15.71) was obtained. A low intake of fruits and vegetables was found. CONCLUSION Individuals with MCI and dementia from LAC have a nutritional deficiency characterized by a lower intake of fruits and vegetables, a high consumption of carbohydrates and protein, adequate fats intake and vitamins B12, vitamin C, and iron consumption, but a low intake of vitamin B9 and calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Gabriel Garrido-Dzib
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán (HRAEPY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Geovanni Chávez-Loría
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán (HRAEPY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Valeria Magallón-Zertuche
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán (HRAEPY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
- Becario de la Dirección General de Calidad y Educación en Salud (DGCES), Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Azalia Avila-Nava
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán (HRAEPY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Laboratorio de envejecimiento saludable del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Centro de Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Li W, Zeng L, Yuan S, Shang Y, Zhuang W, Chen Z, Lyu J. Machine learning for the prediction of cognitive impairment in older adults. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1158141. [PMID: 37179565 PMCID: PMC10172509 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1158141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a predictive model of cognitive impairment in older adults based on a novel machine learning (ML) algorithm. Methods The complete data of 2,226 participants aged 60-80 years were extracted from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. Cognitive abilities were assessed using a composite cognitive functioning score (Z-score) calculated using a correlation test among the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning and Delayed Recall tests, Animal Fluency Test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Thirteen demographic characteristics and risk factors associated with cognitive impairment were considered: age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), drink, smoke, direct HDL-cholesterol level, stroke history, dietary inflammatory index (DII), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score, sleep duration, and albumin level. Feature selection is performed using the Boruta algorithm. Model building is performed using ten-fold cross-validation, machine learning (ML) algorithms such as generalized linear model (GLM), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), and stochastic gradient boosting (SGB). The performance of these models was evaluated in terms of discriminatory power and clinical application. Results The study ultimately included 2,226 older adults for analysis, of whom 384 (17.25%) had cognitive impairment. After random assignment, 1,559 and 667 older adults were included in the training and test sets, respectively. A total of 10 variables such as age, race, BMI, direct HDL-cholesterol level, stroke history, DII, HbA1c, PHQ-9 score, sleep duration, and albumin level were selected to construct the model. GLM, RF, SVM, ANN, and SGB were established to obtain the area under the working characteristic curve of the test set subjects 0.779, 0.754, 0.726, 0.776, and 0.754. Among all models, the GLM model had the best predictive performance in terms of discriminatory power and clinical application. Conclusions ML models can be a reliable tool to predict the occurrence of cognitive impairment in older adults. This study used machine learning methods to develop and validate a well performing risk prediction model for the development of cognitive impairment in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zeng
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shiqi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaru Shang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weisheng Zhuang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhuoming Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Zhuoming Chen
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Lyu
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25
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Association between Changes in Protein Intake and Risk of Cognitive Impairment: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010002. [PMID: 36615661 PMCID: PMC9824869 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the role of change in protein intake in affecting cognitive function among older adults. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations between the change in protein intake from various food groups and cognitive impairment among older adults in a prospective cohort study. A total of 6951 participants without cognitive impairment or dementia were included in this study. The frequency of protein intake from various food groups was measured by a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and follow-up. Multivariable Cox hazard models with time as the underlying time metric applied to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During the 37,535 person-years of follow-up, 1202 (17.3%) participants developed cognitive impairment. The improvement in overall protein intake was negatively associated with cognitive impairment with multivariable-adjusted HR of 0.98 (95% CI = 0.97-0.99). Compared with participants with stable change, those with an extreme decline in animal-based protein intake had a 48% higher risk of cognitive impairment. The associations of changes in protein from six food groups with cognitive impairment were in a similar direction to the main result. Protective associations between improving protein intake and a reduced risk of cognitive impairment were observed.
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Coelho-Júnior HJ, Calvani R, Tosato M, Landi F, Picca A, Marzetti E. Protein intake and physical function in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101731. [PMID: 36087703 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study explored cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between protein intake and physical function in older adults. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that investigated the association between protein intake and measures of physical function in older adults. Cross-sectional, case-control, and longitudinal cohort studies that investigated the association between protein intake and physical function as a primary or secondary outcome in people aged 60 + years were included. Studies published in languages other than English, Italian, Portuguese, or Spanish were excluded. Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CINAHL, AgeLine, and Food Science Source databases through January 31, 2022. A pooled effect size was calculated based on standard mean differences (SMD), MD, log odds ratio (OR) and Z-score.. RESULTS Twenty-two cross-sectional studies examined a total of 11,332 community-dwellers, hospitalized older adults, and elite senior athletes with a mean age of approximately 75 years. The pooled analysis indicated that a protein intake higher than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) was significantly associated with higher Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores (SMD: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.99, P-value: 0.0006), faster walking speed, greater lower-limb (SMD: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.40, P-value: 0.02) and isometric handgrip strength (Z-score: 0.087, 95% CI: 0.046-0.128, P-value: 0.0001), and better balance (SMD: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.62, P-value: 0.02). Nine longitudinal studies investigated 12,424 community-dwelling and native older adults with a mean age of approximately 85 years. A protein intake higher than the current RDA was not associated with lower decline in either isometric handgrip strength (logOR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97-1.02, P-value= 0.67) or walking speed (logOR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.77-1.10, P-value= 0.35). CONCLUSIONS A protein intake higher than the RDA is cross-sectionally associated with better physical performance and greater muscle strength in older adults. However, a high consumption of proteins does not seem to prevent physical function decline over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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27
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Hu X, Nie Z, Ou Y, Qian Z, McMillin SE, Aaron HE, Zhou Y, Dong G, Dong H. Air quality improvement and cognitive function benefit: Insight from clean air action in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114200. [PMID: 36030909 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological evidence suggests associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and accelerated cognitive decline. China implemented a strict clean air action plan in 2013; however, it is unclear whether the improvement of air quality has alleviated cognitive impairment in the population. METHODS From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, 8536 Chinese adults were enrolled in 2011 and followed up in 2015. Satellite-based spatiotemporal models were used to estimate exposure to air pollutants (including particles with diameters ≤1.0 μm [PM1], ≤2.5 μm [PM2.5], ≤10 μm [PM10], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], and ozone [O3]). Cognitive function was evaluated using a structured questionnaire in three dimensions: episodic memory, orientation and attention, and visuoconstruction. The associations between changes in the levels of air pollutants and cognitive function were elucidated by a logistic model. The Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) model was applied to evaluate the cumulative effect of air pollutants. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) age of all participants was 58.6 (8.7) years. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) between the highest and the lowest quartile of PM1 exposure reduction for cognitive impairment was 0.46 (0.41, 0.53) after adjusting for confounders. Similar protective effects of cognitive function were observed with the decrease in the level of PM2.5 (0.34 [0.30, 0.39]), PM10 (0.54 [0.48, 0.62]), and NO2 (0.59 [0.51, 0.67]), while the reduction in O3 appeared to be less related to changes in cognitive function (OR: 0.97 [0.85, 1.10]). The protective association of PM1 reduction was stronger in males than in females. Decreased in PM2.5 dominate the cognitive function benefit relative to PM1, PM10, NO2. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of the clean air action plan led to a significant reduction in PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2, which could slow the decline of cognitive function, while a reduction in O3 may not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yanqiu Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Stephen Edward McMillin
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Hannah E Aaron
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Yingling Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Haojian Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Stefaniak O, Dobrzyńska M, Drzymała-Czyż S, Przysławski J. Diet in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Research Requirements. Nutrients 2022; 14:4564. [PMID: 36364826 PMCID: PMC9656789 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disease that is becoming a major health problem in today's world due to the aging population. Despite it being widely known that diet has a significant impact on the prevention and progression of Alzheimer's disease, the literature data are still scarce and controversial. The application of the principles of rational nutrition for the elderly is suggested for Alzheimer's disease. The diet should be rich in neuroprotective nutrients, i.e., antioxidants, B vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Some studies suggest that diets such as the Mediterranean diet, the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, and the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet have a beneficial effect on the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Dobrzyńska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Rokietnicka 3 Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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29
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Gao R, Yang Z, Yan W, Du W, Zhou Y, Zhu F. Protein intake from different sources and cognitive decline over 9 years in community-dwelling older adults. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1016016. [PMID: 36311592 PMCID: PMC9614310 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1016016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the association of protein intake from different sources with cognitive decline. Methods Our analysis included 3,083 participants aged 55-93 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Cognition was assessed in 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2015. Diet intake was assessed using weighing methods in combination with 24-h dietary recalls for three consecutive days at each survey. Results Participants consumed 13.94% of energy intake from total protein, with 11.47 and 2.47% from plant and animal sources, respectively. During a follow-up of 9 years, participants in quintile 5 of plant protein intake (% energy) had a higher risk [odds ratio (95% CI): 3.03 (1.22-7.53)] of cognitive decline compared with those in quintile 1. Higher animal protein intake (% total protein) was associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline [odds ratio (95% CI) for quintile 5 vs. quintile 1: 0.22 (0.07-0.71)]. Grains (plant source) protein intake was inversely but fish/shrimp and poultry (animal source) protein intake were positively associated with change in cognitive Z-score. Conclusion Increasing animal protein consumption in a population with plant dominant diets may help to prevent cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Gao
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Tai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Wenju Yan
- Department of Vascular Cardiology, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Weiping Du
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China,*Correspondence: Feng Zhu
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30
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Rippe JM. Lifestyle Medicine: Patient Centered, Value-Based, Outcome Driven. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022; 16:552-554. [DOI: 10.1177/15598276221093041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Rippe
- Editor in Chief, AJLM, Professor of Medicine UMass Chan Medical School Worcester, MA
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Long-term intake of total energy and fat in relation to subjective cognitive decline. Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:133-146. [PMID: 34748116 PMCID: PMC8960333 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Diet is one of the modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline. However, human studies on total energy intake and cognitive function have remained limited and studies on fat intake and cognitive decline have been inconclusive. We aimed to examine prospectively the associations between long-term intakes of total energy and fat with subsequent subjective cognitive decline (SCD). A total of 49,493 women from the Nurses' Health Study and 27,842 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study were followed for over 20 years. Average dietary intake was calculated based on repeated food frequency questionnaires (SFFQs), and Poisson regression was used to evaluate associations. Higher total energy intake was significantly associated with greater odds of SCD in both cohorts. Comparing the highest with lowest quintiles of total energy intake, the pooled multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for a 3-unit increment in SCD, corresponding to poor versus normal SCD, was 2.77 (2.53, 2.94). Each 500 kcal/day greater intake of total energy was associated with 48% higher odds of SCD. Intakes of both total fat and total carbohydrate appeared to contribute to the positive association between total energy intake and SCD although for the same percent of energy, the association was stronger for total fat. In conclusion, higher intakes of total energy, total fat, and total carbohydrate were adversely associated with SCD. Whether these associations are causal is unclear and deserves further investigation.
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Bazzano LA, Woltz SG. The importance of midlife diet in late life cognitive outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:323-324. [PMID: 35059699 PMCID: PMC8827118 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara G Woltz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Houfek A, Garden-Robinson J, Hilliard E, Rhee Y, Stastny S, Belury MA, Cawthon PM, McGrath R. Older American Women May Especially Benefit from Distributing and Consuming Protein for Decreasing Odds of Functional Limitations. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:1025-1032. [PMID: 36437771 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Protein is a key macronutrient for preserving physical function, but the role of protein intake on functional status may differ in men and women. We sought to examine the associations of daily protein intake and distribution on functional limitations in older American men and women. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Population-based survey. PARTICIPANTS The analytic sample included 3,976 men and 4,081 women aged ≥60-years from the 2007-2016 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MEASUREMENTS Participants reported their ability to perform basic activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, leisure and social activities, lower extremity mobility activities, and general physical tasks. Those reporting difficulty or an inability in completing such functional tasks were considered as having a functional limitation. Protein intake was determined with dietary recalls and participants revealed functional limitations. Protein recommendations of ≥0.80, ≥1.00, and ≥1.50 g/kg/day were used. Based on these cut-points, we also investigated distribution of protein across 4 eating occasions at ≥0.20, ≥0.25, and ≥0.38 g/kg/meal, respectively. RESULTS Older women meeting each recommendation had decreased odds for functional limitations: 0.55 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40-0.75) for ≥0.80 g/kg/day, 0.75 (CI: 0.58-0.97) for ≥1.00 g/kg/day, and 0.72 (CI: 0.55-0.94) for ≥1.5 g/kg/day. No significant associations were observed in older men. Further, older women with protein consumption ≥0.20 g/kg/meal had decreased odds for functional limitations: 0.24 (CI: 0.10-0.61) for 1 occasion, 0.20 (CI: 0.08-0.49) for 2 occasions, 0.16 (CI: 0.07-0.40) for 3 occasions, and 0.12 (CI: 0.04-0.32) for 4 occasions. A similar trend was observed for intake ≥0.25 g/kg/meal: 0.31 (CI: 0.16-0.62) for 2 occasions, 0.30 (CI: 0.14-0.61) for 3 occasions, and 0.31 (CI: 0.12-0.78) for 4 occasions. Women with 1 and 2 eating occasions at ≥0.38 g/kg/meal of protein had 0.66 (CI: 0.48-0.91) and 0.54 (CI: 0.37-0.79) decreased odds for functional limitations, respectively. CONCLUSION Trials that are powered to detect the effects of protein on functional status in women will help to establish causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Houfek
- Ryan McGrath, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept 2620, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050 Phone: 701-231-7474, Fax: 701-231-8872,
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Frausto DM, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A, Voigt RM. Dietary Regulation of Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease: Importance of Microbiota Metabolites. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:736814. [PMID: 34867153 PMCID: PMC8639879 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.736814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that impacts 45 million people worldwide and is ranked as the 6th top cause of death among all adults by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. While genetics is an important risk factor for the development of AD, environment and lifestyle are also contributing risk factors. One such environmental factor is diet, which has emerged as a key influencer of AD development/progression as well as cognition. Diets containing large quantities of saturated/trans-fats, refined carbohydrates, limited intake of fiber, and alcohol are associated with cognitive dysfunction while conversely diets low in saturated/trans-fats (i.e., bad fats), high mono/polyunsaturated fats (i.e., good fats), high in fiber and polyphenols are associated with better cognitive function and memory in both humans and animal models. Mechanistically, this could be the direct consequence of dietary components (lipids, vitamins, polyphenols) on the brain, but other mechanisms are also likely to be important. Diet is considered to be the single greatest factor influencing the intestinal microbiome. Diet robustly influences the types and function of micro-organisms (called microbiota) that reside in the gastrointestinal tract. Availability of different types of nutrients (from the diet) will favor or disfavor the abundance and function of certain groups of microbiota. Microbiota are highly metabolically active and produce many metabolites and other factors that can affect the brain including cognition and the development and clinical progression of AD. This review summarizes data to support a model in which microbiota metabolites influence brain function and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce M. Frausto
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Christopher B. Forsyth
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robin M. Voigt
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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