1
|
Olsson H, Tamire M, Samuelsson E, Addissie A, Andersson R, Skovbjerg S, Athlin S. Household air pollution and pneumococcal density related to nasopharyngeal inflammation in mothers and children in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297085. [PMID: 38271409 PMCID: PMC10810524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three billion people in low- and middle-income countries are exposed to household air pollution as they use biomass fuel for cooking. We investigated the associations between solid fuel use and nasopharyngeal (NP) inflammation, as well as the associations between high pneumococcal density and NP inflammation, in mothers and children in rural and urban Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty pairs of mothers (median age, 30 years; range, 19-45 years) with a child (median age, 9 months; range, 1-24 months) were included from rural Butajira (n = 30) and urban Addis Ababa (n = 30) in Ethiopia. The cohort was randomly selected from a previous study of 545 mother/child pairs included 2016. Questionnaire-based data were collected which included fuel type used (solid: wood, charcoal, dung or crop waste; cleaner: electricity, liquefied petroleum gas). Nasopharyngeal (NP) samples were collected from all mothers and children and analyzed for the levels of 18 cytokines using a Luminex immunoassay. Pneumococcal DNA densities were measured by a real-time multiplex PCR and a high pneumococcal density was defined as a cyclic threshold (Ct) value ≤ 30. RESULTS Mothers from rural areas had higher median CXCL8 levels in NP secretions than those from urban areas (8000 versus 1900 pg/mL; p < 0.01), while rural children had slightly higher IL-10 levels than those from the urban area (26 vs 13 pg/mL; p = 0.04). No associations between fuel type and cytokine levels were found. However, a high pneumococcal density was associated with higher levels of cytokines in both mothers (CCL4, CXCL8, IL-1β, IL-6 and VEGF-A) and children (CCL4, CXCL8, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18). CONCLUSIONS No significant associations were found between solid fuel use and NP inflammation in Ethiopian mothers and children, but the inflammatory activity was higher in individuals living in the rural compared to the urban area. In addition, high cytokine levels were associated with high pneumococcal density in both mothers and children, indicating a significant impact of NP pathogens on inflammatory mediator levels in upper airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Olsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mulugeta Tamire
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ebba Samuelsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adamu Addissie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rune Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susann Skovbjerg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Athlin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fan H, Xiong Y, Huang Y, Wang L, Xu C, Li W, Feng X, Yang Y, Hua R, Wang Z, Yuan Z, Zhou J. Moderate selenium alleviates the pulmonary function impairment induced by cadmium and lead in adults: A population-based study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166234. [PMID: 37572899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) has been reported to have an antagonistic effect on heavy metals in animals. However, there is no epidemiological study investigating whether Se could protect against the pulmonary toxicity of Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb). Data was collected from the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle. Pulmonary function was assessed by Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume 1st Second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC. Blood concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Se were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Linear regression, restricted cubic splines, and quantile-based g-computation (qgcomp) were performed to evaluate the individual and joint associations of Cd and Pb with pulmonary function and whether Se modified these associations. In the adjusted multi-metal model, every 1-unit increase in Cd, FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC decreased by 76.437 mL (95 % CI: -110.928 to -41.947), 42.719 mL (95 % CI: -84.553 to -0.885), and 0.012 (95 % CI: -0.016 to -0.007), respectively. Meanwhile, FEV1 decreased by 9.37 mL (95 % CI: -18.61 to -0.13) for every 1 unit increase in Pb. Furthermore, we found an inverted U-shape association between Se and lung function, and participants in the second quartile Se group had the highest increases in FEV1 and FVC compared with participants in the lowest quartile. Qgcomp model also revealed that the toxic metal mixture (Cd and Pb) exhibited a significant inverse association with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. Furthermore, we found that the inverse association of Pb and Cd, either alone or in combination, with pulmonary function first diminished with increasing Se levels but was re-enforced when blood Se concentrations were in the highest quartile. Our results indicated that moderate Se attenuated the harmful effects of Cd and Pb on lung function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heze Fan
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuzhi Huang
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chenbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xueying Feng
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Rui Hua
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Juan Zhou
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li W, Sun B, Li H, An Z, Li J, Jiang J, Song J, Wu W. Association between short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and nasal microbiota dysbiosis, inflammation and oxidative stress: A panel study of healthy young adults. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115156. [PMID: 37343487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the primary environmental stressor and a significant threat to public health. However, the effect of PM2.5 exposure on human nasal microbiota and its pathophysiological implication remain less understood. This study aimed to explore the associations of PM2.5 exposure with indices of nasal microbiota and biomarkers of nasal inflammation and oxidative stress. We conducted a panel study with 75 students in Xinxiang, Henan Province, China, from September to December 2017. Biomarkers of nasal inflammation and oxidative stress including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-epi-PGF2α) and indices of nasal microbiota diversity and phenotypes were measured. Linear mixed-effect models and bioinformatic analyses were performed to assess the association of PM2.5 concentrations with the abovementioned biomarkers and indices. It was found that per 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with increments of 13.15% (95 % CI: 5.53-20.76 %) and 78.98 % (95 % CI: 21.61-136.36 %) in TNF-α on lag2 and lag02. Indices of microbial diversity and phenotypes including equitability, Shannon index, biofilm forming, and oxidative stress tolerant decreased to different extent with the increment in PM2.5. Notably, thirteen differential microbes in Clostridia, Bacilli, and Gammaproteobacteria classes were recognized as keystone taxa and eight of them were associated with TNF-α, IL-6, or 8-epi-PGF2α. Moreover, environmental adaptation was the most critical functional pathway of nasal microbiota associated with PM2.5 exposure. In summary, short-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with nasal inflammation, microbiota diversity reduction, and the microbiota phenotype alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Li
- Henan International Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China; Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Henan International Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Henan International Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Zhen An
- Henan International Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Juan Li
- Henan International Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Henan International Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Jie Song
- Henan International Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Henan International Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen S, Xu B, Shi T, Yang Q. Short-term effect of ambient air pollution on outpatient visits for children in Guangzhou, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1058368. [PMID: 36741946 PMCID: PMC9895100 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1058368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the short-term relationship between ambient air pollutants and children's outpatient visits, and identified the effect of modifications by season. Daily recordings of air pollutants (CO, NO2, O3, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5) and children's outpatient visit data were collected in Guangzhou from 2015 to 2019. A generalized additive model adjusted for potential confounding was introduced to verify the association between ambient air pollution and outpatient visits for children. Subgroup analysis by season was performed to evaluate the potential effects. A total of 5,483,014 children's outpatient visits were recorded. The results showed that a 10 μg/m3 increase in CO, NO2, O3, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 corresponded with a 0.19% (95% CI: 0.15-0.24%), 2.46% (2.00-2.92%), 0.27% (0.07-0.46%), 7.16% (4.80-9.57%), 1.16% (0.83-1.49%), and 1.35% (0.88-1.82%) increase in children's outpatient visits on the lag0 of exposure, respectively. The relationships were stronger for O3, PM10, and PM2.5 in the warm seasons, and for CO, NO2, and SO2 in the cool seasons. When adjusting for the co-pollutants, the effects of CO, NO2, and PM10 were robust. The results of this study indicate that six air pollutants might increase the risk of children's outpatient visits in Guangzhou, China, especially in the cool season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sili Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binhe Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medicine College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tongxing Shi
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China,Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Qiaoyuan Yang ✉
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Parenteau AM, Alen NV, La J, Luck AT, Teichrow DJ, Daang EM, Nissen AT, Deer LK, Hostinar CE. Associations of air pollution with peripheral inflammation and cardiac autonomic physiology in children. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:125-154. [PMID: 35921508 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Climate change-related disasters have drawn increased attention to the impact of air pollution on health. 122 children ages 9-11 years old, M(SD) = 9.91(.56), participated. Levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) near participants' homes were obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency. Cytokines were assayed from 100 child serum samples: IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNFα. Autonomic physiology was indexed by pre-ejection period (PEP), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR), and cardiac autonomic balance (CAB). IL-6 was positively related to daily PM2.5 (r = .26, p = .009). IL-8 was negatively associated with monthly PM2.5 (r = -.23, p = .02). PEP was positively related to daily (r = .29, p = .001) and monthly PM2.5 (r = .18, p = .044). CAR was negatively associated with daily PM2.5 (r = -.29, p = .001). IL-10, TNFα, RSA, and CAB were not associated with PM2.5. Air pollution may increase risk of inflammation in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer La
- University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Enya M Daang
- University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Adam T Nissen
- University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen SW, Lin HJ, Tsai SCS, Lin CL, Hsu CY, Hsieh TL, Chen CM, Chang KH. Exposure to Air Pollutants Increases the Risk of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Taiwan Residents. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040173. [PMID: 35448434 PMCID: PMC9031629 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution triggers a tissue-specific inflammatory response. However, studies on the association between exposure to air pollutants and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) risk remain limited. Thus, we conducted this nationwide study to define the association between air pollution and CRS. We used the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) and Taiwan Air Quality-Monitoring Database (TAQMD) to conduct a population-based cohort study. Study participants were recruited from the LHID, a data subset of the National Health Insurance Research Database that randomly sampled one million individuals. TAQMD has been an air pollutant database since 1998. In univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs of CRS in five air pollutants were accounted. We adjusted for age, sex, urbanization level, insurance fee, comorbidities, and pollutant levels in the multivariate model. The total number of participants enrolled in this study was 160,504. The average age was 40.46 ± 14.62 years; males constituted 43.8% of the total participants. The percentages of alcoholism, tobacco dependence, and COPD were 1.5%, 2.8%, and 28.3%, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, urbanization level, insurance fee, and comorbidities, the highest levels of air pollutants, including PM2.5 (aHR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.06–1.22), NO2 (aHR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.00–1.15), and PM10 (aHR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05–1.21) had a significantly greater CRS risk; we selected the lower concentration as the reference but did not correlate with CO. We found a significantly increased risk of CRS in residents with air pollutant exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Chen
- Department of Life Sciences and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (S.C.-S.T.); (T.-L.H.)
| | - Han-Jie Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (S.C.-S.T.); (T.-L.H.)
| | - Stella Chin-Shaw Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (S.C.-S.T.); (T.-L.H.)
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Chung Y. Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Tsai-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (S.C.-S.T.); (T.-L.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (K.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-932-971-386 (K.-H.C.)
| | - Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Department of Life Sciences and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
- Center for General Education, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- General Education Center, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (K.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-932-971-386 (K.-H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Silverforsen D, Theorell-Haglöw J, Ljunggren M, Middelveld R, Wang J, Franklin K, Norbäck D, Lundbäck B, Forsberg B, Lindberg E, Janson C. Snoring and environmental exposure: results from the Swedish GA2LEN study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044911. [PMID: 34108162 PMCID: PMC8191604 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Habitual snoring is associated with fatigue, headaches and low work performance. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate if snoring is affected by environmental factors such as home dampness and exposure to air pollution. SETTING General population sample from four Swedish cities. PARTICIPANTS 25 848 participants from the Swedish part of the epidemiological Global Asthma and Allergy and European network of excellence study carried out in 2008. The participants completed a postal questionnaire on snoring and, indoor and outdoor environmental exposure as well as potential confounders including smoking, weight, height and educational level. RESULTS Of the participants, 4211 (16.3%) were habitual snorers. Habitual snorers reported water damage (8.3% vs 7.0% p<0.0001), floor dampness (4.6% vs 3.8% % p<0.0001) and visible mould (5.2% vs 3.8% p<0.0001) in their homes more often than non-snorers. Habitual snorers stated being annoyed by air pollution more often than non-snorers with habitual snorers reporting being irritated with the air in their residential area to a higher extent (sometimes 16.2% vs 13.9%, and daily 4.6% vs 3.1%) as well as annoyance from traffic fumes (somewhat 19% vs 18.5% and very 5% vs 3.6%) (p<0.0001). These results remained significant after adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking history and educational level. CONCLUSION Snoring is more prevalent in subjects reporting home dampness and air pollution. These association should be confirmed in further research using objective measurements and a longitudinal approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Silverforsen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Theorell-Haglöw
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mirjam Ljunggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roelinde Middelveld
- The Centre for Allergy Research and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Franklin
- Department of Surgery, Umea Universitet, Umea, Sweden
| | - Dan Norbäck
- Department of Medical Sciences, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Lundbäck
- Krefting Research Centre, Goteborgs Universitet, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea Universitet, Umea, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu Z, Wu H, Zhang H, Bai J, Zhang Z. Interleukins 6/8 and cyclooxygenase-2 release and expressions are regulated by oxidative stress-JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1210-1218. [PMID: 32212198 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter with a diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) can induce inflammation of the respiratory system, which is the pathological basis of asthma or other respiratory diseases; however, the underlying regulation mechanism has not been clearly addressed. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of the oxidative stress-JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the inflammation of human bronchial epithelial cells induced by PM2.5. The human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE cells were stimulated with PM2.5 at 50 and 100 μg/mL doses for 12 or 24 hours. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected using flow cytometry. Gene and protein expressions of JAK2, STAT3 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The ratio of intracellular glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) and the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in cellular supernatant were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results indicated that PM2.5 treatment significantly increased gene expressions of JAK2/STAT3 and protein levels of p-JAK2/p-STAT3, accompanied by increased intracellular ROS levels, decreased GSH/GSSG ratio at 50 and 100 μg/mL of PM2.5, and significantly enhanced levels of IL-6, IL-8 and COX-2 at a dose of 100 μg/mL. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) attenuated the oxidative stress induced by PM2.5; similarly, pretreatment with AG490 (an inhibitor of JAK) decreased the cytokine levels stimulated by PM2.5. Therefore, we concluded that PM2.5 exposure could activate oxidative stress-JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, elevate the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and COX-2 in 16HBE cells, which can be inhibited by the NAC or AG490.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jianying Bai
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang G, Sun T, Han YY, Rosser F, Forno E, Chen W, Celedón JC. Serum Cadmium and Lead, Current Wheeze, and Lung Function in a Nationwide Study of Adults in the United States. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2019; 7:2653-2660.e3. [PMID: 31146018 PMCID: PMC6842689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium and lead are hazardous pollutants. OBJECTIVE We examined the relation between serum levels of cadmium and lead and current wheeze, current asthma, and lung function in US adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 13,888 adults aged 20 to 79 years in 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was considered. Multivariable logistic or linear regression was used for the analyses of current wheeze, current asthma, and lung function measures (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]% predicted, forced vital capacity [FVC]% predicted, FEV1/FVC% predicted, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide [FeNO]), which were conducted first in all participants, and then separately in never/former smokers and current smokers. RESULTS High levels of serum cadmium were significantly associated with current wheeze in all participants and in current smokers (odds ratio for fourth vs first quartile = 2.84, 95% confidence interval = 2.07-3.90, Pfor linear trend < .01), as well as with current asthma in current smokers. Serum lead was not significantly associated with current wheeze or current asthma, regardless of smoking status. Serum cadmium was significantly associated with lower FEV1% predicted, FEV1/FVC% predicted, and FeNO in all participants and in never/former smokers, and serum lead was significantly associated with lower FEV1/FVC% predicted in all participants, with similar findings in never/former smokers and in current smokers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that exposure to cadmium is associated with an increased risk of wheeze and asthma in US adults who currently smoke. Moreover, our results suggest that exposure to cadmium or lead has negative effects on lung function in nonsmoking US adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yang
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Neonatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Yueh-Ying Han
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Franziska Rosser
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Y, Bonner MR, Browne RW, Deng F, Tian L, Jim Zhang J, Swanson M, Rittenhouse-Olson K, Farhat Z, Mu L. Responses of serum chemokines to dramatic changes of air pollution levels, a panel study. Biomarkers 2019; 24:712-719. [PMID: 31456427 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1658803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite the in vitro and in vivo evidence, studies are limited in evaluating whether chemokines are potential inflammatory mediators in response to air pollution exposure in humans. Methods: We conducted a panel study coinciding with the Beijing Olympics, when temporary air pollution controls were implemented. We measured a suite of serum chemokines among healthy adults before, during and after the Olympics, respectively. Linear mixed-effect models were used to evaluate changes in chemokine levels over the three time periods. Results: In response to the 50% drop in air pollution levels during the games, levels of RANTES, MCP-2, and TARC decreased by 25.8%, 20.9% and 35.3%, respectively (p < 0.001) from pre-Olympics, and then increased by 45.8%, 34.9% and 61.5%, respectively (p < 0.001) after the games when air pollution levels went up again. Similar patterns were observed in subgroup analyses by sex, age, smoking and body mass index. GRO-α and IL-8 decreased significantly during the games (22.5% and 30.4%), and increased non-significantly after the games. Eotaxin-1 only increased significantly from during- to post-games. Conclusions: The strongest associations with air pollution levels were observed among RANTES, TARC and MCP-2. Those chemokines may play important roles in the air pollution-induced inflammatory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Matthew R Bonner
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Richard W Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Lili Tian
- Department of Biostatistics, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Mya Swanson
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Kate Rittenhouse-Olson
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Zeinab Farhat
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Lina Mu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Inflammation is a common and essential event in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. Decades of research has converged on an understanding that all combustion-derived particulate matter (PM) is inflammatory to some extent in the lungs and also systemically, substantially explaining a significant portion of the massive cardiopulmonary disease burden associated with these exposures. In general, this means that efforts to do the following can all be beneficial: reduce particulates at the source, decrease the inflammatory potential of PM output, and, where PM inhalation is unavoidable, administer anti-inflammatory treatment. A range of research, including basic illumination of inflammatory pathways, assessment of disease burden in large cohorts, tailored treatment trials, and epidemiologic, animal, and in vitro studies, is highlighted in this review. However, meaningful translation of this research to decrease the burden of disease and deliver a clear and cohesive message to guide daily clinical practice remains rudimentary. Ongoing efforts to better understand substantial differences in the concentration and type of PM to which the global community is exposed and then distill how that influences inflammation promises to have real-world benefit. This review addresses this complex topic in 3 sections, including ambient PM (typically associated with ground-level transportation), wildfire-induced PM, and PM from indoor biomass burning. Recognizing the overlap between these domains, we also describe differences and suggest future directions to better inform clinical practice and public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chris Carlsten
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine and School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Norback D, Li T, Bai X, Li C, Zhao Z, Zhang X. Onset and remission of rhinitis among students in relation to the home and school environment-A cohort study from Northern China. INDOOR AIR 2019; 29:527-538. [PMID: 30985976 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Few prospective studies exist on indoor and outdoor air pollution in relation to adolescent rhinitis. We studied associations between onset and remission of rhinitis among junior high school students in relation to the home and school environment. A 2-year questionnaire cohort study was performed among 1325 students (11-15 years) in eight schools in Taiyuan, Northern China. Climate and air pollution were measured by direct reading instruments and passive samplers inside and outside the schools at baseline. Associations were calculated by multilevel logistic regression. Two-year onset of rhinitis and weekly rhinitis were 26.7% and 13.1%, respectively. RH (P < 0.001), CO2 (P < 0.01) and PM10 (P < 0.01) in the classrooms, PM10 (P < 0.01) and NO2 (P < 0.05) outside the schools, and redecoration (OR = 2.25) and dampness/indoor mold at home (OR = 2.04) were associated with onset of weekly rhinitis. RH (P < 0.05) and CO2 (P < 0.05) in the classroom and dampness/indoor mold (OR = 0.67) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home (OR = 0.63) reduced remission of rhinitis. In conclusion, dampness/mold and chemical emissions from new materials at home can increase onset of rhinitis and ETS and dampness/mold can reduce the remission. PM10 , RH, CO2 , and NO2 at school can increase the onset, and RH and CO2 can reduce the remission of rhinitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Norback
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tian Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xu Bai
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chenghuan Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oliveira M, Slezakova K, Delerue-Matos C, Pereira MC, Morais S. Children environmental exposure to particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and biomonitoring in school environments: A review on indoor and outdoor exposure levels, major sources and health impacts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 124:180-204. [PMID: 30654326 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Children, an important vulnerable group, spend most of their time at schools (up to 10 h per day, mostly indoors) and the respective air quality may significantly impact on children health. Thus, this work reviews the published studies on children biomonitoring and environmental exposure to particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at school microenvironments (indoors and outdoors), major sources and potential health risks. A total of 28, 35, and 31% of the studies reported levels that exceeded the international outdoor ambient air guidelines for PM10, PM2.5, and benzo(a)pyrene, respectively. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM10 at European schools, the most characterized continent, ranged between 7.5 and 229 μg/m3 and 21-166 μg/m3, respectively; levels of PM2.5 varied between 4 and 100 μg/m3 indoors and 6.1-115 μg/m3 outdoors. Despite scarce information in some geographical regions (America, Oceania and Africa), the collected data clearly show that Asian children are exposed to the highest concentrations of PM and PAHs at school environments, which were associated with increased carcinogenic risks and with the highest values of urinary total monohydroxyl PAH metabolites (PAH biomarkers of exposure). Additionally, children attending schools in polluted urban and industrial areas are exposed to higher levels of PM and PAHs with increased concentrations of urinary PAH metabolites in comparison with children from rural areas. Strong evidences demonstrated associations between environmental exposure to PM and PAHs with several health outcomes, including increased risk of asthma, pulmonary infections, skin diseases, and allergies. Nevertheless, there is a scientific gap on studies that include the characterization of PM fine fraction and the levels of PAHs in the total air (particulate and gas phases) of indoor and outdoor air of school environments and the associated risks for the health of children. There is a clear need to improve indoor air quality in schools and to establish international guidelines for exposure limits in these environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal; LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Klara Slezakova
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal; LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
An association between airway dysfunction and airborne pollutant inhalation exists. Volatilized airborne fluorocarbons in ski wax rooms, particulate matter, and trichloromines in indoor environments are suspect to high prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and new-onset asthma in athletes competing in cross-country skiing, ice rink sports, and swimming. Ozone is implicated in acute decreases in lung function and the development of new-onset asthma from exposure during exercise. Mechanisms and genetic links are proposed for pollution-related new-onset asthma. Oxidative stress from airborne pollutant inhalation is a common thread to progression of airway damage. Key pollutants and mechanisms for each are discussed.
Collapse
|
15
|
The impact of outdoor air pollutants on outpatient visits for respiratory diseases during 2012-2016 in Jinan, China. Respir Res 2018; 19:246. [PMID: 30541548 PMCID: PMC6292059 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have investigated the associations between outdoor air pollution and outpatient visits for respiratory diseases (RDs) in general population. Methods We collected daily outpatient data of primary RDs from five hospitals in Jinan during January 2012 and December 2016, as well as daily measurements of air pollutants from the Jinan Environmental Monitoring Center and daily meteorological variables from the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System. A generalized additive model (GAM) with quasi-Poisson regression was constructed to estimate the associations between daily average concentrations of outdoor air pollutants (PM2.5,PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3) and daily outpatient visits of RDs after adjusting for long-time trends, seasonality, the “day of the week” effect, and weather conditions. Subgroup analysis stratified by gender, age group and the type of RDs was conducted. Results A total of 1,373,658 outpatient visits for RDs were identified. Increases of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO and O3 were associated with0.168% (95% CI, 0.072–0.265%), 0.149% (95% CI, 0.082–0.215%), 0.527% (95% CI, 0.211–0.843%), 0.013% (95% CI, 0.003–0.023%), and 0.189% (95% CI, 0.032–0.347%) increases in daily outpatient visits for RDs, respectively. PM2.5 and PM10 showed instant and continuous effects, while NO2, CO and O3 showed delayed effects on outpatient visits for RDs. In stratification analysis, PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with acute RDs only. Conclusions Exposure to outdoor air pollutants including PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO and O3 associated with increased risk of outpatient visits for RDs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0958-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang F, Wang R, Liu H. The acute pulmonary toxicity in mice induced by Staphylococcus aureus, particulate matter, and their combination. Exp Anim 2018; 68:159-168. [PMID: 30531117 PMCID: PMC6511515 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of pathogenic bacteria transported by particulate matter (PM) presents an
important potential threat to human health. Therefore, the pulmonary toxicity in mice
caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and PM as
individual matter and mixtures was studied. PM and S. aureus were
instilled intratracheally into Kunming mice at doses of 0.2 mg/mouse and 5.08 ×
106 CFU /mouse, respectively, as individual matter and in combination two
times at 5-day intervals. After the exposure period, oxidative stress markers and nitric
oxide (NO) in the lung, cellular infiltration, neurotrophins, chemokines, and cytokines in
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and immunoglobulin (Ig) in sera were examined.
Exposure to the combination of PM and S. aureus caused significant
increases in malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and NO and
significant decreases in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the ratio of reduced
glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the lung. Meanwhile, the ratio of
interleukin (IL)-4 to interferon (INF)-γ, the IL-4 level in BALF, and the IgE
concentration in sera were significantly increased in the groups exposed to
S. aureus or the combination of PM and
S. aureus. Substance P and IL-8 in BALF were
significantly increased in mice exposed to PM, S. aureus or their
combination. In addition, PM, S. aureus, and their combination caused
infiltration of leukocytes into the alveolar tissue spaces. The results suggested that
exposure to the combination of PM and S. aureus induced a lung
inflammatory response that was at least partly caused by oxidative stress and mediators
from the activated eosinophils, neutrophils, alveolar macrophages, and epithelial
cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- School of Biological Science, Luoyang Normal University, No. 6 Jinqing Road, Yinbin District, Luoyang 471934, P.R. China.,Cold Water Fish Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province, No. 6 Jinqing Road, Yinbin District, Luoyang 471934, P.R. China
| | - Ruiling Wang
- School of Biological Science, Luoyang Normal University, No. 6 Jinqing Road, Yinbin District, Luoyang 471934, P.R. China
| | - Haifang Liu
- School of Energy and Environment Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, No. 41 Zhongyuanzhong Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou 450007, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Y, Gevaert E, Lou H, Wang X, Zhang L, Bachert C, Zhang N. Chronic rhinosinusitis in Asia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1230-1239. [PMID: 28987810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), although possibly overdiagnosed, is associated with a high burden of disease and is often difficult to treat in those truly affected. Recent research has demonstrated that inflammatory signatures of CRS vary around the world, with less eosinophilic and more neutrophilic inflammation found in Asia compared with Europe and North America. Although in the Western world about 80% of nasal polyps carry a type 2 signature, this might be between 20% and 60% in China and Korea or Thailand, respectively. These differences are associated with a lower asthma comorbidity and risk of disease recurrence after surgery in the Asian population. As a hallmark of severe type 2 inflammation, eosinophils attacking Staphylococcus aureus at the epithelial barrier have been described recently; they also can be found in a subgroup of Asian patients with nasal polyps. Furthermore, the percentage of type 2 signature disease in patients with CRS is dramatically increasing ("eosinophilic shift") in several Asian countries over the last 20 years. Establishing an accurate diagnosis along with considering the current and shifting patterns of inflammation seen in Asia will enable more effective selection of appropriate pharmacotherapy, surgical therapy, and eventually biotherapy. Determining the causes and pathophysiology for this eosinophilic shift will require additional research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Elien Gevaert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory and Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hongfei Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory and Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nan Zhang
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory and Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Luo B, Liu J, Fei G, Han T, Zhang K, Wang L, Shi H, Zhang L, Ruan Y, Niu J. Impact of probable interaction of low temperature and ambient fine particulate matter on the function of rats alveolar macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 49:172-178. [PMID: 28064136 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the probable interaction of low temperature and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on rat alveolar macrophages (AMs). AMs were separated from rat BALF and exposed to PM2.5 (0, 25, 50, 100μg/ml) under different temperature (18, 24, 30, 37°C) for 8h. Results indicated that viability and phagocytosis function of AMs decreased with the decline of temperature and the rise of PM2.5 dose, and the strongest toxicity was shown in the highest PM2.5 (100μg/ml) exposure group at 18°C. Both PM2.5 and lower temperature increased the releasing of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), while significant interaction was only found in MIP-1α production. No obvious change was found in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) detection. These results indicated that both the two factors are harmful to rat AMs and lower temperature could increase the toxicity of PM2.5 on the AMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Gaoqiang Fei
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ting Han
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hongxia Shi
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ye Ruan
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jingping Niu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ubilla C, Yohannessen K. CONTAMINACIÓN ATMOSFÉRICA EFECTOS EN LA SALUD RESPIRATORIA EN EL NIÑO. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
|
20
|
Süring K, Bach S, Höflich C, Straff W. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Particle-bound Bet v 1 Allergen in PM10. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27911374 PMCID: PMC5226252 DOI: 10.3791/54721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a method widely used to quantify suspended solids such as cells or bacteria in a size range from 0.5 to several tens of micrometers in diameter. In addition to a characterization of forward and sideward scatter properties, it enables the use of fluorescent labeled markers like antibodies to detect respective structures. Using indirect antibody staining, flow cytometry is employed here to quantify birch pollen allergen (precisely Bet v 1)-loaded particles of 0.5 to 10 µm in diameter in inhalable particulate matter (PM10, particle size ≤10 µm in diameter). PM10 particles may act as carriers of adsorbed allergens possibly transporting them to the lower respiratory tract, where they could trigger allergic reactions. So far the allergen content of PM10 has been studied by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and scanning electron microscopy. ELISA measures the dissolved and not the particle-bound allergen. Compared to scanning electron microscopy, which can visualize allergen-loaded particles, flow cytometry may additionally quantify them. As allergen content of ambient air can deviate from birch pollen count, allergic symptoms might perhaps correlate better with allergen exposure than with pollen count. In conjunction with clinical data, the presented method offers the opportunity to test in future experiments whether allergic reactions to birch pollen antigens are associated with the Bet v 1 allergen content of PM10 particles >0.5 µm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Süring
- Environmental Medicine and Health Effects Assessment, Federal Environment Agency;
| | - Sabine Bach
- Environmental Medicine and Health Effects Assessment, Federal Environment Agency
| | - Conny Höflich
- Environmental Medicine and Health Effects Assessment, Federal Environment Agency
| | - Wolfgang Straff
- Environmental Medicine and Health Effects Assessment, Federal Environment Agency
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen BY, Chen CH, Chuang YC, Kim H, Honda Y, Chiang HC, Guo YL. Schoolchildren's antioxidation genotypes are susceptible factors for reduced lung function and airway inflammation caused by air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 149:145-150. [PMID: 27208465 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported the relationship between exposure to ambient air pollutants and changes in lung function and nasal inflammation among schoolchildren. A study was conducted to investigate whether antioxidation genotypes influence these associations. METHODS A follow-up study of 97 schoolchildren was conducted in New Taipei City, Taiwan. A structured respiratory health questionnaire was administered in September 2007, followed by monthly spirometry and measurement of nasal inflammation from October 2007 to November 2009. During the study period, complete daily monitoring data for air pollutants were obtained from the Environmental Protection Administration monitoring station and Aerosol Supersite. The genotypes of glutathione S-transferase (GST) subunits M1, T1, P1 and superoxide dismutases subunit 2 (SOD2) were characterized. Mixed-effects models were used, adjusting for known confounders. RESULT GSTM1 null children had significant PM2.5-related increment in leukocyte (8.52%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.13-13.92%) and neutrophil (9.68%; 95% CI: 4.51-14.85%) in nasal lavage. Ozone levels were significantly and inversely associated with forced expiratory flow at 25% of forced vital capacity (FEF25%) (-0.43L/s; 95% CI: -0.58,-0.28L/s) in SOD2 Ala16 variant children. CONCLUSION In this longitudinal study of schoolchildren. Our data provide evidence that antioxidation genotype modifies the airway inflammation caused by PM2.5. Antioxidation genotype also acts as an effect modifier, but not strong, in ozone-related small airway function response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yu Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chuang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hung-Che Chiang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mirowsky J, Gordon T. Noninvasive effects measurements for air pollution human studies: methods, analysis, and implications. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2015; 25:354-80. [PMID: 25605444 PMCID: PMC6659729 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2014.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure studies, compared with cell and animal models, are heavily relied upon to study the associations between health effects in humans and air pollutant inhalation. Human studies vary in exposure methodology, with some work conducted in controlled settings, whereas other studies are conducted in ambient environments. Human studies can also vary in the health metrics explored, as there exists a myriad of health effect end points commonly measured. In this review, we compiled mini reviews of the most commonly used noninvasive health effect end points that are suitable for panel studies of air pollution, broken into cardiovascular end points, respiratory end points, and biomarkers of effect from biological specimens. Pertinent information regarding each health end point and the suggested methods for mobile collection in the field are assessed. In addition, the clinical implications for each health end point are summarized, along with the factors identified that can modify each measurement. Finally, the important research findings regarding each health end point and air pollutant exposures were reviewed. It appeared that most of the adverse health effects end points explored were found to positively correlate with pollutant levels, although differences in study design, pollutants measured, and study population were found to influence the magnitude of these effects. Thus, this review is intended to act as a guide for researchers interested in conducting human exposure studies of air pollutants while in the field, although there can be a wider application for using these end points in many epidemiological study designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Mirowsky
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Luo B, Shi H, Wang L, Shi Y, Wang C, Yang J, Wan Y, Niu J. Rat lung response to PM2.5 exposure under different cold stresses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:12915-26. [PMID: 25514147 PMCID: PMC4276653 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111212915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matters and temperature were reported to have additive effects over the respiratory disease hospital admissions and deaths. The purpose of this study is to discuss the interactive pulmonary toxicities of cold stress and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure by estimating inflammation and oxidative stress responses. 48 Wistar male rats, matched by weight and age, were randomly assigned to six groups, which were treated with cold stress alone (0 °C, 10 °C, and 20 °C (Normal control)) and cold stresses plus PM2.5 exposures respectively. Cold stress alone groups were intratracheal instillation of 0.25 mL normal saline, while cold stress plus PM2.5 exposure groups were intratracheal instillation of 8 mg/0.25 mL PM2.5. These procedures were carried out for three times with an interval of 48 hours for each treatment. All rats were sacrificed after 48 hours of the third treatment. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for analyzing inflammatory cells and cytokines, and lung homogenate MDA was determined for oxidative stress estimation. Results showed higher level of total cell and neutrophil in the BALF of PM2.5 exposed groups (p < 0.05). Negative relationships between cold stress intensity and the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), C-reactive protein (CRP) interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in BALF were indicated in PM2.5 exposure groups. Exposure to cold stress alone caused significant increase of inflammatory cytokines and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) and decline of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity only in 0 °C exposure group (p < 0.05). The two-way ANOVA found significant interactive effects between PM2.5 exposure and cold stress in the level of neutrophil, IL-6 and IL-8 and SOD activity (p < 0.05). These data demonstrated that inflammation and oxidative stress involved in the additive effect of PM2.5 exposure and cold stress on pulmonary toxicity, providing explanation for epidemiological studies on the health effect of ambient PM2.5 and cold stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Hongxia Shi
- Lanzhou university Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Lina Wang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yanrong Shi
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jingli Yang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yaxiong Wan
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jingping Niu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jassal MS. Pediatric asthma and ambient pollutant levels in industrializing nations. Int Health 2014; 7:7-15. [PMID: 25472993 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihu081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood and its prevalence has been increasing within industrializing nations. The contribution of ambient pollutants to asthma symptomatology has been explored in some countries through epidemiological investigations, molecular analysis and monitoring functional outcomes. The health effects of rising environmental pollution have been of increasing concern in industrializing nations with rising urbanization patterns. This review article provides an overview of the link between pediatric asthma and exposure to rising sources of urban air pollution. It primarily focuses on the asthma-specific effects of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and particulate matter. Worldwide trends of asthma prevalence are also provided which detail the prominent rise in asthma symptoms in many urban areas of Africa, Latin America and Asia. The molecular and functional correlation of ambient pollutants with asthma-specific airway inflammation in the pediatric population are also highlighted. The final aspect of the review considers the correlation of motor vehicle, industrial and cooking energy sources, ascribed as the major emitters among the pollutants in urban settings, with asthma epidemiology in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep S Jassal
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, David M. Rubenstein Child Health Building, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 200 N. Wolfe Street, 3rd Floor, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fireman E, Bliznuk D, Schwarz Y, Soferman R, Kivity S. Biological monitoring of particulate matter accumulated in the lungs of urban asthmatic children in the Tel-Aviv area. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2014; 88:443-53. [PMID: 25138777 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-014-0972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung inflammation from exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) may be responsible for morbidity in asthma, but several studies using environmental monitoring data showed inconsistent results. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of induced sputum (IS) technology in order to biologically monitor PM in the lungs of urban asthmatic children. METHODS We collected clinical, demographic, biological and environmental monitoring data on 136 children referred for asthma evaluations. The study participants were divided into two groups according to IS eosinophil counts of <3% (non-eosinophilic inflammation, n = 52) and ≥3% (eosinophilic inflammation, n = 84). RESULTS The eosinophilic group displays significantly higher levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide than the non-eosinophilic one (58.8 ± 47.5 vs 28.9 ± 34.2 ppm, p = 0.007). Particles (0-2.5 and 0-5 µm) comprised a strong risk factor for eosinophilic inflammation in IS (≥3%). Children with >80% of particles (0-2.5 µm) out of the total PM accumulated in the airways displayed the highest OR 10.7 (CI 2.052-56.4 p = 0.005) for an existing eosinophilic inflammation. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme levels in IS positively correlated with % eosinophils and with particles in IS ranging between 2 and 3 μm. The level of HO-1 enzyme activity and FEV1/FVC in children with <3% eosinophils, but not ≥3%, was positively and significantly correlated, showing a protective effect of HO-1. CONCLUSION Accumulation of PM involves oxidative stress pathways and is a risk factor for developing eosinophilic inflammation in asthmatic children. IS can biologically monitor this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fireman
- Laboratory of Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Altuğ H, Gaga EO, Döğeroğlu T, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Van Doorn W. Effects of ambient air pollution on respiratory tract complaints and airway inflammation in primary school children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 479-480:201-9. [PMID: 24561926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory health effects of ambient air pollution were studied in 605 school children 9 to 13 years in Eskişehir, Turkey. Each child performed a fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) measurement and a lung function test (LFT). Self-reported respiratory tract complaints (having cold, complaints of throat, runny nose and shortness of breath/wheezing) in the last 7 days and on the day of testing were also recorded. As acute health outcomes were investigated, weekly average ambient concentrations of ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were determined by passive sampling in the school playgrounds simultaneously with the health survey. Effects of air pollution on respiratory tract complaints and exhaled NO/lung function were estimated by multivariate logistic regression and multivariate linear mixed effects models, respectively. Upper respiratory tract complaints were significantly (p<0.05) associated with weekly average O3 concentrations during the health survey (adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 1.21 and 1.28 for a 10 μgm(-3) increment for having cold and a runny nose on day of testing, respectively). FENO levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased in children with various upper respiratory tract complaints (ratio in FENO varied between 1.16 and 1.40). No significant change in FENO levels was detected in association with any of the measured pollutants (p ≥ 0.05). Lung function was not associated with upper respiratory tract complaints and FENO levels. Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) levels were negatively associated with weekly average O3 levels for children without upper respiratory tract complaints. In summary, elevated levels of air pollutants increased respiratory tract complaints in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hicran Altuğ
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Anadolu University, İki Eylül Campus, 26555 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Eftade O Gaga
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Anadolu University, İki Eylül Campus, 26555 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Tuncay Döğeroğlu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Anadolu University, İki Eylül Campus, 26555 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- IRAS Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerard Hoek
- IRAS Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim Van Doorn
- Royal Haskoning, Business line Industry and Energy, P.O. Box 151, 6500 AD Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lima TMD, Kazama CM, Koczulla AR, Hiemstra PS, Macchione M, Fernandes ALG, Santos UDP, Bueno-Garcia ML, Zanetta DM, André CDSD, Saldiva PHN, Nakagawa NK. pH in exhaled breath condensate and nasal lavage as a biomarker of air pollution-related inflammation in street traffic-controllers and office-workers. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:1488-94. [PMID: 24473505 PMCID: PMC3840367 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(12)03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To utilize low-cost and simple methods to assess airway and lung inflammation biomarkers related to air pollution. METHODS A total of 87 male, non-smoking, healthy subjects working as street traffic-controllers or office-workers were examined to determine carbon monoxide in exhaled breath and to measure the pH in nasal lavage fluid and exhaled breath condensate. Air pollution exposure was measured by particulate matter concentration, and data were obtained from fixed monitoring stations (8-h work intervals per day, during the 5 consecutive days prior to the study). RESULTS Exhaled carbon monoxide was two-fold greater in traffic-controllers than in office-workers. The mean pH values were 8.12 in exhaled breath condensate and 7.99 in nasal lavage fluid in office-workers; these values were lower in traffic-controllers (7.80 and 7.30, respectively). Both groups presented similar cytokines concentrations in both substrates, however, IL-1β and IL-8 were elevated in nasal lavage fluid compared with exhaled breath condensate. The particulate matter concentration was greater at the workplace of traffic-controllers compared with that of office-workers. CONCLUSION The pH values of nasal lavage fluid and exhaled breath condensate are important, robust, easy to measure and reproducible biomarkers that can be used to monitor occupational exposure to air pollution. Additionally, traffic-controllers are at an increased risk of airway and lung inflammation during their occupational activities compared with office-workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristiane Mayumi Kazama
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil
| | | | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariangela Macchione
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Godoy Fernandes
- Department of Pneumology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan de Paula Santos
- Pneumology Division, Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Bueno-Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil
| | - Dirce Maria Zanetta
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Faculty, Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Naomi Kondo Nakagawa
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee SY, Chang YS, Cho SH. Allergic diseases and air pollution. Asia Pac Allergy 2013; 3:145-54. [PMID: 23956961 PMCID: PMC3736369 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2013.3.3.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases has been increasing rapidly, especially in developing countries. Various adverse health outcomes such as allergic disease can be attributed to rapidly increasing air pollution levels. Rapid urbanization and increased energy consumption worldwide have exposed the human body to not only increased quantities of ambient air pollution, but also a greater variety of pollutants. Many studies clearly demonstrate that air pollutants potently trigger asthma exacerbation. Evidence that transportation-related pollutants contribute to the development of allergies is also emerging. Moreover, exposure to particulate matter, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide contributes to the increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. This article focuses on the current understanding of the detrimental effects of air pollutants on allergic disease including exacerbation to the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema as well as epigenetic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suh-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang YCT. The role of in vitro gene expression profiling in particulate matter health research. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2013; 16:381-394. [PMID: 24151968 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2013.832649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is consistently associated with increased morbidity and mortality rate. The mechanisms for these adverse health effects have been vigorously investigated for many years, but remain uncertain, in part due to the complex interactions between host and exposure. Over the past decade, the use of global gene expression profiling has increased to investigate molecular changes in an attempt to gain more insight into the complex mechanisms that underlie the adverse health effects induced by PM. These experiments have been performed mostly in cell cultures, in part due to the easy availability and maneuverability of different cell types. Whether or not the results obtained from these in vitro experiments are relevant to human exposure is unclear. In this study, cell culture studies were reviewed that used microarray technology to measure global gene expression in response to PM and the findings discussed in the context of global gene expression results obtained from animal and human exposure studies. Ten in vitro studies were identified from PubMed that reported global gene expression results in response to PM exposure. Despite difference in cell types, microarray platforms, incubation time, and PM sources and doses, these experiments showed commonality in the expression of genes and pathways, especially xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. These gene expression profiles were consistent with results from animal and human controlled exposure experiments. The in vitro experiments also uncovered novel biological mechanisms that may be important in PM-induced health effects reported in epidemiological studies. Data indicate that in vitro microarray experiments complement animal and human exposure studies and allow the PM-associated health research to focus on the "toxic" components in PM and novel mechanisms, and may enhance risk assessment beyond the current mass-based standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Chin T Huang
- a Department of Medicine , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina , USA
| |
Collapse
|