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Li X, Li M, Cheng J, Guan S, Hou L, Zu S, Yang L, Wu H, Li H, Fan Y, Zhang B. Association of healthy and unhealthy plant-based diets with telomere length. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1694-1701. [PMID: 38879916 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous studies have shown that plant-rich dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, are associated with longer telomeres. However, no association has been found between vegetarian diet and telomere length. We hypothesized that the quality of plant-based diets plays an important role in telomere length. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Diet was assessed using a 24-h recall method. Plant-based diet quality was assessed using the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy PDI (uPDI). Telomere length was measured using quantitative PCR. Linear and ordinal logistic regression models were used to assess the association of PDIs with log-transformed telomere length and ordinal quintiles of telomere length in descending order, respectively. RESULTS In both regression models, the overall PDI was not associated with telomere length. The hPDI was associated with longer telomere length [percentage change = 2.34%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42%, 4.31%, Ptrend = 0.016; odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.95, Ptrend = 0.013]. However, uPDI was associated with shorter telomere length (percentage change = -3.17%, 95% CI: -5.65%, -0.62%, Ptrend = 0.017; OR = 1.25, 95% CI:1.03, 1.53, Ptrend = 0.014) and this inverse association was stronger in the non-Hispanic white population (Pinteraction = 0.001 in both regression models). CONCLUSIONS A plant-based dietary pattern rich in healthy plant foods is associated with longer telomeres. However, plant-based dietary patterns rich in unhealthy plant-based foods are associated with shorter telomere lengths, especially in non-Hispanic white populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiude Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Meiling Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Shixia Guan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Lili Hou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Shuang Zu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Hanhan Wu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Huixian Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Yunshan Fan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Bao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
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Gürel S, Pak EN, Tek NA. Aging Processes Are Affected by Energy Balance: Focused on the Effects of Nutrition and Physical Activity on Telomere Length. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:264-279. [PMID: 38498288 PMCID: PMC11133118 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The number and proportion of individuals aged 60 and over are increasing globally. The increase in the elderly population has important social and economic effects. Telomere length is an important marker for healthy aging. Here, we review the relevance between telomere length and energy balance by determining the effects of physical activity, nutrients, dietary patterns, and foods on healthy aging and telomere length with related studies. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence emphasizes the importance of telomere length and integrity for healthy aging. It also focuses on the importance of potential interventions such as physical activity and a healthy diet to improve this process. We suggest that ensuring energy balance with regular physical activity and healthy diets can contribute to the aging process by protecting telomere length. In addition, different methods in studies, short and inconsistent durations, different types of exercise, different diet patterns, and non-standard foods have led to conflicting results. More studies are needed to elucidate molecular-based mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satı Gürel
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Elif Nisa Pak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Kilis 7 Aralık University, 79000, Kilis, Turkey.
| | - Nilüfer Acar Tek
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Tsigalou C, Tsolou A, Stavropoulou E, Konstantinidis T, Zafiriou E, Dardiotis E, Tsirogianni A, Bogdanos D. Unraveling the intricate dance of the Mediterranean diet and gut microbiota in autoimmune resilience. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1383040. [PMID: 38818135 PMCID: PMC11137302 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1383040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The nutritional habits regulate the gut microbiota and increase risk of an autoimmune disease. Western diet is rich in sugars, meat, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, which lead to dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, disruption of gut epithelial barrier and chronic mucosal inflammation. In contrast, the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is abundant in ω3 fatty acids, fruits, and vegetables, possessing anti-inflammatory properties that contribute to the restoration of gut eubiosis. Numerous studies have extensively examined the impact of MedDiet and its components on both health and various disease states. Additionally, specific investigations have explored the correlation between MedDiet, microbiota, and the risk of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the MedDiet has been linked to a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, playing a pivotal role in lowering mortality rates among individuals with autoimmune diseases and comorbidities. The aim of the present review is to specifically highlight current knowledge regarding possible interactions of MedDiet with the patterns of intestinal microbiota focusing on autoimmunity and a blueprint through dietary modulations for the prevention and management of disease's activity and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Avgi Tsolou
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Cell Cycle and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Elisavet Stavropoulou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Theocharis Konstantinidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Efterpi Zafiriou
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthymios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandra Tsirogianni
- Department of Immunology-Histocompatibility, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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4
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Liu D, Aziz NA, Imtiaz MA, Pehlivan G, Breteler MMB. Associations of measured and genetically predicted leukocyte telomere length with vascular phenotypes: a population-based study. GeroScience 2024; 46:1947-1970. [PMID: 37782440 PMCID: PMC10828293 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. Whether this association differs between measured and genetically predicted LTL is still unclear. Moreover, the molecular processes underlying the association remain largely unknown. We used baseline data of the Rhineland Study, an ongoing population-based cohort study in Bonn, Germany [56.2% women, age: 55.5 ± 14.0 years (range 30 - 95 years)]. We calculated genetically predicted LTL in 4180 participants and measured LTL in a subset of 1828 participants with qPCR. Using multivariable regression, we examined the association of measured and genetically predicted LTL, and the difference between measured and genetically predicted LTL (ΔLTL), with four vascular functional domains and the overall vascular health. Moreover, we performed epigenome-wide association studies of three LTL measures. Longer measured LTL was associated with better microvascular and cardiac function. Longer predicted LTL was associated with better cardiac function. Larger ΔLTL was associated with better microvascular and cardiac function and overall vascular health, independent of genetically predicted LTL. Several CpGs were associated (p < 1e-05) with measured LTL (n = 5), genetically predicted LTL (n = 8), and ΔLTL (n = 27). Genes whose methylation status was associated with ΔLTL were enriched in vascular endothelial signaling pathways and have been linked to environmental exposures, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality. Our findings suggest that non-genetic causes of LTL contribute to microvascular and cardiac function and overall vascular health, through an effect on the vascular endothelial signaling pathway. Interventions that counteract LTL may thus improve vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Population Health Sciences, Bonn, Germany
| | - N Ahmad Aziz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Population Health Sciences, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mohammed Aslam Imtiaz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Population Health Sciences, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gökhan Pehlivan
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Population Health Sciences, Bonn, Germany
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Population Health Sciences, Bonn, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Coltell O, Asensio EM, Sorlí JV, Ortega-Azorín C, Fernández-Carrión R, Pascual EC, Barragán R, González JI, Estruch R, Alzate JF, Pérez-Fidalgo A, Portolés O, Ordovas JM, Corella D. Associations between the New DNA-Methylation-Based Telomere Length Estimator, the Mediterranean Diet and Genetics in a Spanish Population at High Cardiovascular Risk. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2004. [PMID: 38001857 PMCID: PMC10669035 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is a relevant risk factor for chronic diseases, and several indicators for measuring this factor have been proposed, with telomere length (TL) among the most studied. Oxidative stress may regulate telomere shortening, which is implicated in the increased risk. Using a novel estimator for TL, we examined whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), a highly antioxidant-rich dietary pattern, is associated with longer TL. We determined TL using DNA methylation algorithms (DNAmTL) in 414 subjects at high cardiovascular risk from Spain. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed by a validated score, and genetic variants in candidate genes and at the genome-wide level were analyzed. We observed several significant associations (p < 0.05) between DNAmTL and candidate genes (TERT, TERF2, RTEL1, and DCAF4), contributing to the validity of DNAmTL as a biomarker in this population. Higher adherence to the MedDiet was associated with lower odds of having a shorter TL in the whole sample (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.85-0.99; p = 0.049 after fully multivariate adjustment). Nevertheless, this association was stronger in women than in men. Likewise, in women, we observed a direct association between adherence to the MedDiet score and DNAmTL as a continuous variable (beta = 0.015; SE: 0.005; p = 0.003), indicating that a one-point increase in adherence was related to an average increase of 0.015 ± 0.005 kb in TL. Upon examination of specific dietary items within the global score, we found that fruits, fish, "sofrito", and whole grains exhibited the strongest associations in women. The novel score combining these items was significantly associated in the whole population. In the genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified ten polymorphisms at the suggestive level of significance (p < 1 × 10-5) for DNAmTL (intergenics, in the IQSEC1, NCAPG2, and ABI3BP genes) and detected some gene-MedDiet modulations on DNAmTL. As this is the first study analyzing the DNAmTL estimator, genetics, and modulation by the MedDiet, more studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Coltell
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
| | - Eva M. Asensio
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José V. Sorlí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorín
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Fernández-Carrión
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva C. Pascual
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío Barragán
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José I. González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan F. Alzate
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica—CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria—SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Fidalgo
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.P.-F.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer (CIBERONC), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Portolés
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.P.-F.)
- Nutrition and Genomics, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Telomere Length Changes in Cancer: Insights on Carcinogenesis and Potential for Non-Invasive Diagnostic Strategies. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030715. [PMID: 36980987 PMCID: PMC10047978 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere dynamics play a crucial role in the maintenance of chromosome integrity; changes in telomere length may thus contribute to the development of various diseases including cancer. Understanding the role of telomeric DNA in carcinogenesis and detecting the presence of cell-free telomeric DNA (cf-telDNA) in body fluids offer a potential biomarker for novel cancer screening and diagnostic strategies. Liquid biopsy is becoming increasingly popular due to its undeniable benefits over conventional invasive methods. However, the organization and function of cf-telDNA in the extracellular milieu are understudied. This paper provides a review based on 3,398,017 cancer patients, patients with other conditions, and control individuals with the aim to shed more light on the inconsistent nature of telomere lengthening/shortening in oncological contexts. To gain a better understanding of biological factors (e.g., telomerase activation, alternative lengthening of telomeres) affecting telomere homeostasis across different types of cancer, we summarize mechanisms responsible for telomere length maintenance. In conclusion, we compare tissue- and liquid biopsy-based approaches in cancer assessment and provide a brief outlook on the methodology used for telomere length evaluation, highlighting the advances of state-of-the-art approaches in the field.
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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8
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Essential Factors for a Healthy Microbiome: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148361. [PMID: 35886216 PMCID: PMC9315476 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent discoveries of the purpose and potential of microbial interactions with humans have broad implications for our understanding of metabolism, immunity, the host−microbe genetic interactions. Bioavailability and bioaccessibility of phytonutrients in foods not only enrich microbial diversity in the lower human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) but also direct the functioning of the metagenome of the microbiota. Thus, healthy choices must include foods that contain nutrients that satisfy both the needs of humans and their microbes. Physical activity interventions at a moderate level of intensity have shown positive effects on metabolism and the microbiome, while intense training (>70% VO2max) reduces diversity in the short term. The microbiome of elite endurance athletes is a robust producer of short-chain fatty acids. A lifestyle lacking activity is associated with the development of chronic disease, and experimental conditions simulating weightlessness in humans demonstrate loss of muscle mass occurring in conjunction with a decline in gut short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and the microbes that produce them. This review summarizes evidence addressing the relationship between the intestinal microbiome, diet, and physical activity. Data from the studies reviewed suggest that food choices and physical fitness in developed countries promote a resource “curse” dilemma for the microbiome and our health.
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Nutritional components as mitigators of cellular senescence in organismal aging: a comprehensive review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1089-1109. [PMID: 35756719 PMCID: PMC9206104 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of cellular senescence is rapidly emerging as a modulator of organismal aging and disease. Targeting the development and removal of senescent cells is considered a viable approach to achieving improved organismal healthspan and lifespan. Nutrition and health are intimately linked and an appropriate dietary regimen can greatly impact organismal response to stress and diseases including during aging. With a renewed focus on cellular senescence, emerging studies demonstrate that both primary and secondary nutritional elements such as carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, and probiotics can influence multiple aspects of cellular senescence. The present review describes the recent molecular aspects of cellular senescence-mediated understanding of aging and then studies available evidence of the cellular senescence modulatory attributes of major and minor dietary elements. Underlying pathways and future research directions are deliberated to promote a nutrition-centric approach for targeting cellular senescence and thus improving human health and longevity.
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10
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Ma TC, Zhou J, Wang CX, Fang M, Gao F. Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and S-Klotho Plasma Levels in Middle-Aged and Elderly People. Front Nutr 2022; 9:853332. [PMID: 35619959 PMCID: PMC9127966 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.853332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Soluble Klotho (S-Klotho) is a protein that has anti-aging properties. Dietary inflammation index (DII) is closely related to various age-related diseases. However, whether DII is related to S-Klotho plasma levels is still controversial. It was the goal of this study to examine the link between DII and S-Klotho in middle-aged and elderly people. Methods Between 2007 and 2016, five NHANES cycles were conducted, with 12,315 middle-aged and elderly (aged 40–79) participants having S-Klotho tests and submitting dietary recall data. The inflammatory potential of a diet was determined using the DII. To determine the plasma levels of S-Klotho, we employed a solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results There was a negative correlation between DII and S-Klotho plasma levels. In the threshold effect analysis model, the breakpoint was DII=1.3, and the negative correlation was more obvious when DII < 1.3 (β = −10.6, p = 0.001). When DII > 1.3, the correlation disappeared (p = 0.355). There may be a threshold saturation effect. Conclusion In middle-aged and older individuals, there is a negative connection between the pro-inflammatory dietary pattern as evaluated by DII and the plasma level of S-Klotho. Given the rationale for the findings and the study's limitations, the fundamental mechanisms generating inflammation warrant additional exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Chi Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Chen-Xi Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Min Fang
- Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
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11
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Raftopoulou C, Paltoglou G, Charmandari E. Association between Telomere Length and Pediatric Obesity: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061244. [PMID: 35334902 PMCID: PMC8949519 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Telomere length (TL) is a robust marker of biological aging, and increased telomere attrition is noted in adults with obesity. The primary objective of this systematic review was to summarize current knowledge on the effects of childhood obesity in TL. The secondary objective was to assess the effect of weight management interventions in TL. Methods: The following databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Heal-link.gr from inception to September 2021. The search was performed using the following combinations of terms: “telomer*” [All Fields] AND (“length” [All Fields] OR “lengths” [All Fields]) AND “obes*” [All Fields] AND (“child*” [All Fields] OR “adolescen*” [All Fields]). Results: A total of 16 original articles were included in this systematic review. Eleven of them were cross-sectional and five were lifestyle interventions. Conclusions: There was a tendency towards a negative association between childhood obesity and TL. Life-style interventions in children have been associated with increased TL peripherally, indicating a possible association of the redistribution of younger cells in the periphery with the favorable effect of these interventions. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes that employ other markers of cell aging would potentially elucidate this important mechanistic relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Raftopoulou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Paltoglou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +30-213-2013-384
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12
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Mediterranean diet and other dietary patterns in association with biological aging in the moli-sani study cohort. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1025-1033. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Association between the Oxidative Balance Score and Telomere Length from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1345071. [PMID: 35186180 PMCID: PMC8850082 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1345071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is an important biomarker of aging. The oxidative balance score (OBS) is used to assess the oxidative stress-related exposures of diet and lifestyle. This study is aimed at exploring if the OBS was associated with LTL. Methods. 3220 adults were included in this study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002. LTL was assayed from leukocyte DNA. Twenty dietary and lifestyle factors were selected to score the OBS. Survey-based multivariable linear regression was conducted to assess the association between the OBS and log-transformed LTL. Results. The association between the OBS and log-transformed LTL was positive in females but not males. For females, compared with the lowest OBS category as a reference, the multivariable-adjusted beta estimate (95% confidence interval, CI) for the highest OBS category was 0.0701 (0.0205–0.1197) (
for
), and the multivariable-adjusted beta estimate (95% CI) of the continuous OBS was 0.0039 (0.0014–0.0065). There was also the gender difference in the correlations of the dietary OBS and the lifestyle OBS with log-transformed LTL. Conclusion. There was a positive association between the OBS and LTL in females. This result suggested that diet and lifestyle might affect LTL by regulating oxidative balance.
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14
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Telomeres and Cancer. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121405. [PMID: 34947936 PMCID: PMC8704776 DOI: 10.3390/life11121405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and are indispensable chromatin structures for genome protection and replication. Telomere length maintenance has been attributed to several functional modulators, including telomerase, the shelterin complex, and the CST complex, synergizing with DNA replication, repair, and the RNA metabolism pathway components. As dysfunctional telomere maintenance and telomerase activation are associated with several human diseases, including cancer, the molecular mechanisms behind telomere length regulation and protection need particular emphasis. Cancer cells exhibit telomerase activation, enabling replicative immortality. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activation is involved in cancer development through diverse activities other than mediating telomere elongation. This review describes the telomere functions, the role of functional modulators, the implications in cancer development, and the future therapeutic opportunities.
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15
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Güneşliol BE, Karaca E, Ağagündüz D, Acar ZA. Association of physical activity and nutrition with telomere length, a marker of cellular aging: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:674-692. [PMID: 34553645 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1952402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aging of the population has great social and economic effects because it is characterized by a gradual loss in physiological integrity, resulting in functional decline, thereby loss of ability to move independently. Telomeres, the hallmarks of biological aging, play a protective role in both cell death and aging. Critically short telomeres give rise to a metabolically active cell that is unable to repair damage or divide, thereby leading to aging. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA) and nutrition could be associated with telomere length (TL). Indeed, regular PA and healthy nutrition as integral parts of our lifestyle can slow down telomere shortening, thereby delaying aging. In this context, the present comprehensive review summarizes the data from recent literature on the association of PA and nutrition with TL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esen Karaca
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Izmir Demokrasi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Higher adherence to an empirically derived Mediterranean dietary pattern is positively associated with telomere length: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) project. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:531-540. [PMID: 33143762 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Telomere integrity is influenced by oxidative stress. Also, inflammation-related factors, including nutritional factors, could modulate telomere integrity. The relationship between a posteriori-derived dietary patterns and telomere length (TL) has been scarcely investigated. Thus, our objective was to examine the association between empirically derived dietary patterns ascertained through principal component analysis (PCA) and TL in an older adult Spanish population. A total of 886 older adults (>55 years old; 645 males and 241 females) from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort were included in the study. TL was measured by monochrome multiplex real-time quantitative PCR. Age-adjusted TL was used for all analyses. Dietary patterns were identified by PCA based on thirty predefined candidate food groups collected from a validated 136-food items frequency questionnaire. Generalised linear models were fitted to obtain β-coefficients and their 95 % CI evaluating differences in TL between each of the four upper quintiles of adherence to dietary patterns and the lowest quintile. Sensitivity analyses by rerunning all multiple linear models under different stratifications were performed to evaluate the robustness of our results. Two major dietary patterns were empirically identified, Western dietary pattern (WDP) and Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP). After adjustment for potential confounders, longer TL was found among subjects in the highest quintile of MDP (β = 0·064; 95 % CI 0·004, 0·123). The WDP showed no significant association with TL. In conclusion, higher adherence to a posteriori-derived MDP was independently associated with longer telomeres in an older adult Spanish population of the SUN project.
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17
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Minimal changes in telomere length after a 12-week dietary intervention with almonds in mid-age to older, overweight and obese Australians: results of a randomised clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:872-884. [PMID: 33971995 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Diet is a modifiable risk factor for chronic disease and a potential modulator of telomere length (TL). The study aim was to investigate associations between diet quality and TL in Australian adults after a 12-week dietary intervention with an almond-enriched diet (AED). Participants (overweight/obese, 50-80 years) were randomised to an AED (n 62) or isoenergetic nut-free diet (NFD, n 62) for 12 weeks. Diet quality was assessed using a Dietary Guideline Index (DGI), applied to weighed food records, that consists of ten components reflecting adequacy, variety and quality of core food components and discretionary choices within the diet. TL was measured by quantitative PCR in samples of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and whole blood. There were no significant associations between DGI scores and TL at baseline. Diet quality improved with AED and decreased with NFD after 12 weeks (change from baseline AED + 9·8 %, NFD - 14·3 %; P < 0·001). TL increased in neutrophils (+9·6 bp, P = 0·009) and decreased in whole blood, to a trivial extent (-12·1 bp, P = 0·001), and was unchanged in lymphocytes. Changes did not differ between intervention groups. There were no significant relationships between changes in diet quality scores and changes in lymphocyte, neutrophil or whole blood TL. The inclusion of almonds in the diet improved diet quality scores but had no impact on TL mid-age to older Australian adults. Future studies should investigate the impact of more substantial dietary changes over longer periods of time.
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18
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Nuts and Older Adults' Health: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041848. [PMID: 33672861 PMCID: PMC7918786 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the beneficial effects of nuts on cardiometabolic diseases have been well established, little is known about the effects of nuts on age-related diseases. Given that age-related diseases share many biological pathways with cardiometabolic diseases, it is plausible that diets rich in nuts might be beneficial in ameliorating age-related conditions. The objective of this review was to summarise the findings from studies that have examined the associations or effects of nut consumption, either alone or as part of the dietary pattern, on three major age-related factors—telomere length, sarcopenia, and cognitive function—in older adults. Overall, the currently available evidence suggests that nut consumption, particularly when consumed as part of a healthy diet or over a prolonged period, is associated with positive outcomes such as longer telomere length, reduced risk of sarcopenia, and better cognition in older adults. Future studies that are interventional, long-term, and adequately powered are required to draw definitive conclusions on the effects of nut consumption on age-related diseases, in order to inform dietary recommendations to incorporate nuts into the habitual diet of older adults.
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19
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Ojeda-Rodríguez A, Morell-Azanza L, Zalba G, Zazpe I, Azcona-Sanjulian MC, Marti A. Associations of telomere length with two dietary quality indices after a lifestyle intervention in children with abdominal obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12661. [PMID: 32558330 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary factors seem to influence telomere length. Moreover, associations between changes in adiposity indices and telomere length (TL) have been found in intervention studies. OBJECTIVE We evaluated changes in two diet quality indices and their association with TL in children with abdominal obesity in a 12-month lifestyle intervention. METHODS Eighty-seven participants (7-16 years old) were assigned to the intervention (moderate hypocaloric Mediterranean diet) or usual care group (standard paediatric recommendations) for a 2-month intensive phase and a subsequent 10-month follow-up. Diet quality was assessed using the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A) and the Healthy Lifestyle Diet Index (HLD-I). TL was measured by monochrome multiplex real-time quantitative PCR. The intra-class correlation coefficient for TL was 0.793 (95% CI 0.707, 0.857). RESULTS After a 12-month lifestyle intervention, a significant reduction in BMI-SDS (-0.57 and -0.49 for the intervention and usual care groups, respectively) and fat mass was observed in all subjects without differences between groups. Changes in DQI-A (+12.36% vs +5.53%, P = .005) and HLD-I (+4.43 vs +1.09, P < .001) were higher in the intervention subjects compared with usual care subjects after 2 months. Interestingly, we observed a positive change in TL between 2 and 12 months (P = .025), which was associated with higher scores on the DQI-A (β = 0.008, R2 = 0.088, P = .010) and HLD-I (β = 0.022, R2 = 0.198, P = .015), in the intervention group after the 2-month intensive phase. CONCLUSION Favourable changes in diet quality indices could contribute to telomere integrity in children with abdominal obesity enrolled in an intensive lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ojeda-Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lydia Morell-Azanza
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Itziar Zazpe
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Cristina Azcona-Sanjulian
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amelia Marti
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Schmidt M, Hopp L, Arakelyan A, Kirsten H, Engel C, Wirkner K, Krohn K, Burkhardt R, Thiery J, Loeffler M, Loeffler-Wirth H, Binder H. The Human Blood Transcriptome in a Large Population Cohort and Its Relation to Aging and Health. Front Big Data 2020; 3:548873. [PMID: 33693414 PMCID: PMC7931910 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2020.548873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The blood transcriptome is expected to provide a detailed picture of an organism's physiological state with potential outcomes for applications in medical diagnostics and molecular and epidemiological research. We here present the analysis of blood specimens of 3,388 adult individuals, together with phenotype characteristics such as disease history, medication status, lifestyle factors, and body mass index (BMI). The size and heterogeneity of this data challenges analytics in terms of dimension reduction, knowledge mining, feature extraction, and data integration. Methods: Self-organizing maps (SOM)-machine learning was applied to study transcriptional states on a population-wide scale. This method permits a detailed description and visualization of the molecular heterogeneity of transcriptomes and of their association with different phenotypic features. Results: The diversity of transcriptomes is described by personalized SOM-portraits, which specify the samples in terms of modules of co-expressed genes of different functional context. We identified two major blood transcriptome types where type 1 was found more in men, the elderly, and overweight people and it upregulated genes associated with inflammation and increased heme metabolism, while type 2 was predominantly found in women, younger, and normal weight participants and it was associated with activated immune responses, transcriptional, ribosomal, mitochondrial, and telomere-maintenance cell-functions. We find a striking overlap of signatures shared by multiple diseases, aging, and obesity driven by an underlying common pattern, which was associated with the immune response and the increase of inflammatory processes. Conclusions: Machine learning applications for large and heterogeneous omics data provide a holistic view on the diversity of the human blood transcriptome. It provides a tool for comparative analyses of transcriptional signatures and of associated phenotypes in population studies and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schmidt
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lydia Hopp
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arsen Arakelyan
- BIG, Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Holger Kirsten
- IMISE, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- IMISE, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- IMISE, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut Krohn
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,IMISE, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Binder
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Canudas S, Becerra-Tomás N, Hernández-Alonso P, Galié S, Leung C, Crous-Bou M, De Vivo I, Gao Y, Gu Y, Meinilä J, Milte C, García-Calzón S, Marti A, Boccardi V, Ventura-Marra M, Salas-Salvadó J. Mediterranean Diet and Telomere Length: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1544-1554. [PMID: 32730558 PMCID: PMC7666892 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Accelerated telomere shortening has been associated with several age-related diseases and/or decreased lifespan in humans. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is considered to be 1 of the most recognized diets for disease prevention and healthy aging, partially due to its demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties which may impact on telomere length (TL). The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the associations between MedDiet adherence and TL maintenance. MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched up to December 2018 for studies evaluating the association between MedDiet adherence and TL in blood cells. Two reviewers, working independently, screened all titles and abstracts to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria [cross-sectional, case-control, and prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in English and excluded nonoriginal articles]. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method using the random effects model and expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD). Heterogeneity was identified using the Cochran Q test and quantified by the I2 statistic. A total of 8 original cross-sectional studies were included for the quantitative meta-analysis, comprising a total of 13,733 participants from 5 countries. A positive association between adherence to the MedDiet and TL was observed in all meta-analyses, with the exception of those conducted only in men: SMD (95% CI) of 0.130 (0.029; 0.231) for all subjects, 0.078 (0.005; 0.152) for women, and 0.095 (-0.005; 0.195) for men. Only 1 prospective cohort study and 1 RCT were identified, therefore, we could not undertake a meta-analysis for these study designs. The present meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies demonstrates that higher MedDiet adherence is associated with longer TL. At the same time, larger and high-quality prospective studies and clinical trials are warranted to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Departament of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Reus, Spain,Pere Virgili Institut of Health (IISPV), Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Serena Galié
- Pere Virgili Institut of Health (IISPV), Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cindy Leung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marta Crous-Bou
- Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Frailty and Healthy Ageing Networking Biomedical Researcher Center (CIBERFES), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yawen Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yian Gu
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jelena Meinilä
- Public Health Research Program, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Catherine Milte
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sonia García-Calzón
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences CRC, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Amelia Marti
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Virginia Boccardi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Surgical, Neurological Metabolic Disease and Geriatric Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Melissa Ventura-Marra
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Departament of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Reus, Spain,Pere Virgili Institut of Health (IISPV), Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Mediterranean Diet as a Tool to Combat Inflammation and Chronic Diseases. An Overview. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070201. [PMID: 32650619 PMCID: PMC7400632 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, the quality of nourishment is a milestone for the maintenance of health and as it is stated ‘prevention is better than cure’, amongst the so-called ‘healthy’ diets Mediterranean diet (MD) claims the lion’s share. It stands in good stead because of a variety of valuable macro- and micronutrients. So, adherence to a MD is associated with the reduction of inflammation and non-communicable (NCD) OR chronic diseases. Numerous studies try to scrutinize the role of MD components as regards reducing inflammation, lowering rate, and mortality for disorders and illnesses, and preventing NCD. MD regime of the inhabitants of the Mediterranean basin includes a variety of ethnic nutritional habits and regulates an array of effects and epigenetic changes that affect human wellbeing. The research is still ongoing and endeavors to elucidate every aspect of this issue. This review focuses on the impact of MD on inflammation highlights positive results regarding NCD and indicates the need for more high-quality experiments and trials in order to overcome any discrepancies.
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23
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Foscolou A, D’Cunha NM, Naumovski N, Tyrovolas S, Chrysohoou C, Rallidis L, Polychronopoulos E, Matalas AL, Sidossis LS, Panagiotakos D. The association between the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and successful aging: An analysis of the ATTICA and MEDIS (MEDiterranean Islands Study) epidemiological studies. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 89:104044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Galiè S, Canudas S, Muralidharan J, García-Gavilán J, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Impact of Nutrition on Telomere Health: Systematic Review of Observational Cohort Studies and Randomized Clinical Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:576-601. [PMID: 31688893 PMCID: PMC7231592 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases, but also in a lower total mortality and longer life expectancy. One of the mechanisms in which diet can reduce the risk of disease is with regard to its impact on telomeres. Telomere length (TL) is highly correlated to chronological age and metabolic status. Individuals with shorter telomeres are at higher risk of chronic diseases and mortality. Diet may influence TL by several mechanisms such as regulating oxidative stress and inflammation or modulating epigenetic reactions. The present systematic review aims to examine the results from epidemiologic and clinical trials conducted in humans evaluating the role of nutrients, food groups, and dietary patterns on TL. We also discuss the possible mechanisms of action that influence this process, with the perspective that TL could be a novel biomarker indicating the risk of metabolic disturbances and age-related diseases. The available evidence suggests that some antioxidant nutrients, the consumption of fruits and vegetables, and Mediterranean diet are mainly associated with longer telomeres. However, most of the evidence is based on high heterogenic observational studies and very few randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Therefore, the associations summarized in the present review need to be confirmed with larger prospective cohort studies and better-designed RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Galiè
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Canudas
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jananee Muralidharan
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Gavilán
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to MB (e-mail: )
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to JS-S (e-mail: )
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Sharma R, Padwad Y. Perspectives of the potential implications of polyphenols in influencing the interrelationship between oxi-inflammatory stress, cellular senescence and immunosenescence during aging. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Walsh KM, Claus EB. Diet and risk of glioma: targets for prevention remain elusive. Neuro Oncol 2020; 21:832-833. [PMID: 31120101 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Walsh
- Division of Neuro-epidemiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Cancer Institute, Program in Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth B Claus
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Dietary patterns and telomere length in community-dwelling Chinese older men and women: a cross-sectional analysis. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3303-3311. [PMID: 31897598 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Environmental and lifestyle factors that affect oxidative stress and inflammation may influence telomere length (TL). There are limited data to relate dietary patterns with TL. This study examined the association of various dietary patterns with TL in Chinese older adults. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis and performed multivariate linear regression analyses using available data from 1981 (965 men, 1016 women) community-dwelling Chinese adults aged 65 years and over in Hong Kong. The interviewer administered questionnaires that covered dietary intake estimation and dietary pattern generation from the food frequency questionnaire, demographic and lifestyle factors, and self-reported medical history. TL was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS None of the dietary pattern scores including the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) score, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay Diet (MIND) score, the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), the Okinawan diet score, as well as the "vegetables-fruits" pattern score, the "snacks-drinks-milk" pattern score, and the "meat-fish" pattern score were associated with TL in the age- and sex-adjusted model and the multivariate adjusted model. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a minimal role of dietary patterns in telomere length in community-dwelling Chinese older adults.
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Ojeda-Rodríguez A, Zazpe I, Alonso-Pedrero L, Zalba G, Guillen-Grima F, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Marti A. Association between diet quality indexes and the risk of short telomeres in an elderly population of the SUN project. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2487-2494. [PMID: 31767135 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shorter telomeres are associated with several age-related diseases, and lifestyle factors could influence this relationship. The aim of this study was to examine associations between salivary telomere length (TL) and diet quality using 5 evidence-based dietary indexes in an elderly (>55 years old) Spanish population of the SUN project (n = 886). METHOD TL was measured using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Age-adjusted TL variable through residuals methods was used for all analysis. Diet quality was assessed by the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS), Fat Quality Index (FQI), Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010). RESULTS TL did differ according to sex, smoking status, and dyslipidemia in elderly subjects of the SUN study. In addition, subjects with dyslipidemia (compared to absence of dyslipidemia) had a significantly higher risk (27% vs. 18%, p = 0.015) of short telomeres (<percentile 20th). Interestingly, a lower risk of having short telomeres was observed among participants in the top tertiles of the following diet quality score PDQS, MEDAS and DASH compared to the bottom tertiles in crude and adjusted models. Moreover, FQI and AHEI-2010 scores showed an inverse association with the risk of having short telomeres after adjustment for potential confounders (model adjusted for dyslipidemia interaction, p for trend = 0.025 and 0.021, respectively; and model additionally adjusted for sex and smoking status, p for trend = 0.033 and 0.029, respectively). CONCLUSION Adherence to high quality diet is associated to longer salivary TL in our elderly Spanish population of the SUN study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ojeda-Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarre's Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Itziar Zazpe
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarre's Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Alonso-Pedrero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarre's Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- IdiSNA, Navarre's Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Francisco Guillen-Grima
- IdiSNA, Navarre's Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Avenida de Barañain, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Navarra Clinic, C/Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Martinez-Gonzalez
- IdiSNA, Navarre's Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Amelia Marti
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarre's Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Obesity, weight loss, and influence on telomere length: New insights for personalized nutrition. Nutrition 2019; 66:115-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Nutrition Risk is Associated with Leukocyte Telomere Length in Middle-Aged Men and Women with at Least One Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030508. [PMID: 30818839 PMCID: PMC6471290 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor diet quality has been associated with several age-related chronic conditions, but its relationship to telomere length, a biological marker of cellular aging, is unclear. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether overall diet quality was associated with relative leukocyte telomere length (rLTL) in a sample (n = 96) of nonsmoking middle-aged adults in Appalachia with at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015), the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMed), and the Dietary Screening Tool (DST). Peripheral rLTL was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The associations between potentially confounding sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors and the first and fourth rLTL quartile groups were examined using Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact tests or logistic regression. The relationships between diet quality index scores and rLTL as a continuous variable were analyzed using simple linear regression and multivariate linear models, analogous to linear covariance analyses. The rLTL ranged from 0.46 to 1.49 (mean ± SEM was 1.02 ± 0.18). Smoking history, income level, and cardiovascular health (Life’s Simple 7) were associated with the lowest and highest quartiles of rLTL and were used as covariates. In adjusted and unadjusted models, participants considered “at nutrition risk” by the DST were more likely to have shorter rLTL than those “not at risk or at potential risk” (p = 0.004). However, there was no evidence that adherence to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans or to a Mediterranean diet was associated with rLTL in this sample. Intervention studies are needed to determine if improving the diet quality of those at nutrition risk results in reduced telomere attrition over time.
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Bitter, Sweet, Salty, Sour and Umami Taste Perception Decreases with Age: Sex-Specific Analysis, Modulation by Genetic Variants and Taste-Preference Associations in 18 to 80 Year-Old Subjects. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101539. [PMID: 30340375 PMCID: PMC6213100 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in relating taste perception to diet and healthy aging. However, there is still limited information on the influence of age, sex and genetics on taste acuity as well as on the relationship between taste perception and taste preferences. We have analysed the influence of age on the intensity rating of the five basic tastes: sweet, salty, bitter, sour and umami (separately and jointly in a “total taste score”) and their modulation by sex and genetics in a relatively healthy population (men and women) aged 18–80 years (n = 1020 Caucasian European participants). Taste perception was determined by challenging subjects with solutions of the five basic tastes using standard prototypical tastants (6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), NaCl, sucrose, monopotassium glutamate and citric acid) at 5 increasing concentrations (I to V). We also measured taste preferences and determined the polymorphisms of the genes taste 2 receptor member 38 (TAS2R38), taste 1 receptor member 2 (TAS2R38) and sodium channel epithelial 1 beta subunit (SCNN1B), as TAS2R38-rs713598, TAS1R2-rs35874116 and SCNN1B-rs239345 respectively. We found a statistically significant decrease in taste perception (“total taste score”) with increasing age for all the concentrations analysed. This association was stronger for the higher concentrations (p = 0.028; p = 0.012; p = 0.005; p = 4.20 × 10−5 and p = 1.48 × 10−7, for I to V in the multivariable-adjusted models). When we analysed taste qualities (using concentration V), the intensity rating of all the 5 tastes was diminished with age (p < 0.05 for all). This inverse association differed depending on the test quality, being higher for bitter (PROP) and sour. Women perceived taste significantly more intense than men (p = 1.4 × 10−8 for total taste score). However, there were differences depending on the taste, umami being the lowest (p = 0.069). There was a complex association between the ability to perceive a taste and the preference for the same. Significant associations were, nevertheless, found between a higher perception of sour taste and a higher preference for it in women. In contrast, the higher perception of sweet was significantly associated with a higher preference for bitter in both, men and women. The TAS2R38-rs713598 was strongly associated with bitter (PROP) taste (p = 1.38 × 10−50), having a significant interaction with sex (p = 0.030). The TAS1R2-rs35874116 was not significantly associated with sweet, whereas the SCNN1B-rs239345 was associated (p = 0.040) with salty taste. In conclusion, the inverse association between age and perceived taste intensity as well as the additional influence of sex and some genetic polymorphisms give rise to large inter-individual differences in taste perception and taste preferences that should be taken into account in future studies and for applications in precision nutrition for healthy aging.
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