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Bach P, Zaiser J, Zimmermann S, Gessner T, Hoffmann S, Gerhardt S, Berhe O, Bekier NK, Abel M, Radler P, Langejürgen J, Tost H, Lenz B, Vollstädt-Klein S, Stallkamp J, Kirschbaum C, Kiefer F. Stress-Induced Sensitization of Insula Activation Predicts Alcohol Craving and Alcohol Use in Alcohol Use Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:245-255. [PMID: 37678541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress and alcohol cues trigger alcohol consumption and relapse in alcohol use disorder. However, the neurobiological processes underlying their interaction are not well understood. Thus, we conducted a randomized, controlled neuroimaging study to investigate the effects of psychosocial stress on neural cue reactivity and addictive behaviors. METHODS Neural alcohol cue reactivity was assessed in 91 individuals with alcohol use disorder using a validated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task. Activation patterns were measured twice, at baseline and during a second fMRI session, prior to which participants were assigned to psychosocial stress (experimental condition) or a matched control condition or physical exercise (control conditions). Together with fMRI data, alcohol craving and cortisol levels were assessed, and alcohol use data were collected during a 12-month follow-up. Analyses tested the effects of psychosocial stress on neural cue reactivity and associations with cortisol levels, craving, and alcohol use. RESULTS Compared with both control conditions, psychosocial stress elicited higher alcohol cue-induced activation in the left anterior insula (familywise error-corrected p < .05) and a stress- and cue-specific dynamic increase in insula activation over time (F22,968 = 2.143, p = .007), which was predicted by higher cortisol levels during the experimental intervention (r = 0.310, false discovery rate-corrected p = .016). Cue-induced insula activation was positively correlated with alcohol craving during fMRI (r = 0.262, false discovery rate-corrected p = .032) and alcohol use during follow-up (r = 0.218, false discovery rate-corrected p = .046). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate a stress-induced sensitization of cue-induced activation in the left insula as a neurobiological correlate of the effects of psychosocial stress on alcohol craving and alcohol use in alcohol use disorder, which likely reflects changes in salience attribution and goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim. Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Judith Zaiser
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim. Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sina Zimmermann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim. Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Gessner
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim. Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim. Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Gerhardt
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim. Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oksana Berhe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Kim Bekier
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim. Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Abel
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim. Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Radler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation Institute for Production Technology and Automation, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Langejürgen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation Institute for Production Technology and Automation, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim. Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim. Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan Stallkamp
- Mannheim Institute for Intelligent Systems in Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Department of Psychology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim. Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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2
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Gonçalves PD, Duarte CS, Corbeil T, Ramos-Olazagasti MA, Sussman T, Talati A, Alegria M, Canino G, Bird H, Martins SS. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk Patterns of Alcohol and Cannabis Co-Use: A Longitudinal Study of Puerto Rican Youth. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:421-427. [PMID: 37294259 PMCID: PMC10959424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common in Puerto Rican youths. Few large longitudinal studies of Latine youth examined what predicts co-use of alcohol and cannabis in late adolescence and young adulthood. We investigated the prospective association between ACEs with alcohol/cannabis co-use in Puerto Rican youth. METHODS Participants from a longitudinal study of Puerto Rican youth (n = 2,004) were included. Using multinomial logistic regressions to test associations between prospectively reported ACEs (11 types, reported by parents and/or children, categorized as 0-1, 2-3, and 4+ ACEs) with young adult alcohol/cannabis use patterns in the past month (i.e., no lifetime use, low-risk [no binge drinking and cannabis use < 10], binge-drinking only, regular cannabis use only, and alcohol/cannabis co-use). Models were adjusted for sociodemographic variables. RESULTS In this sample, 27.8% reported 4+ ACEs, 28.6% endorsed binge drinking, 4.9% regular cannabis use, and 5.5% alcohol/cannabis co-use. Compared to individuals with no lifetime use, those reporting 4+ (vs. 0-1) ACEs had greater odds of low-risk use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-2.45), regular cannabis use (aOR 3.13 95% CI = 1.44-6.77), and alcohol/cannabis co-use (aOR 3.57, 95% CI = 1.89-6.75). In relation to low-risk use, reporting 4+ ACEs (vs. 0-1) was associated with 1.96 odds (95% CI = 1.01-3.78) of regular cannabis use and 2.24 odds (95% CI = 1.29-3.89) of alcohol/cannabis co-use. DISCUSSION Exposure to 4+ ACEs was associated with the occurrence of adolescent/young adulthood regular cannabis use and alcohol/cannabis co-use. Importantly, ACEs exposure differentiated young adults who were co-using compared to those engaged in low-risk use. Preventing ACE or interventions for Puerto Rican youth experiencing 4+ ACEs may mitigate negative consequences associated with alcohol/cannabis co-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Dib Gonçalves
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Cristiane S Duarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Center for Intergenerational Psychiatry, Division of Child Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Corbeil
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Area Mental Health Data Science, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | | | - Tamara Sussman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Center for Intergenerational Psychiatry, Division of Child Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ardesheer Talati
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Margarita Alegria
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Hector Bird
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Silvia S Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York.
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3
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García-Arroyo JA, Cárdenas Moncayo I. Relationship between alcohol consumption, stress, and depression in Ecuadorian workers: the moderating role of social support and sex. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:854-866. [PMID: 35440253 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2067343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the association between alcohol consumption, work stress, and depression and the moderating effect of social support and sex in this relationship. In a sample of workers from an electric generation industry from Ecuador (N = 99), hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to test the direct and moderation effects. Results show that alcohol consumption is positively associated with work stress and depression; social support moderates alcohol consumption's impact on depression but not on stress. This interaction effect is different according to sex. Further, an increase in alcohol consumption is associated with higher stress in women but not in men, and it relates to higher depression in men but not in women. Finally, we discuss the role of sex and social support as key factors to cope with the adverse effects of alcohol on well-being at work.
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4
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Iftikhar A, Islam M, Shepherd S, Jones S, Ellis I. What is behind the lifestyle risk factors for head and neck cancer? Front Psychol 2022; 13:960638. [PMID: 36312160 PMCID: PMC9608174 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.960638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors are known to be influential determinants of health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately one third of deaths involve unhealthy lifestyle habits. Among lifestyle risk factors for head and neck cancers (HNC), alcohol consumption and smoking have an undeniable role in the multifactorial aetiology of the disease. In recent years, the promotion of healthy lifestyle choices has gained significant attention as contributory to improving health and disease prevention. Interventions to tackle these risk factors are vitally important in disease prevention and progression. However, in order to effectively prevent the disease and reduce the risk factors, it is crucial to identify what upstream reasons lead to the adoption of these lifestyle risk factors in the first place. Stress being a constant aspect of modern-day life is known to contribute to alcohol and smoking practices. In this review paper, relevant literature was searched in PubMed database for stress, lifestyle factors, HNC and cancer to explore the role of stress and its associated biological pathways as an upstream factor in the adoption of lifestyle risk factors that cause HNC. It highlights the importance of stress pathways and the Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis as a locus of interaction between stress, alcohol, smoking and cancer. Despite their widely accepted harmful effects, alcohol and smoking remain deeply rooted in contemporary life. A greater understanding of the impact of stress on lifestyle choices and an exploration of the mechanisms resulting in stress, alcohol- and smoking- related cancer may highlight opportunities for improved prevention measures through the modification of unhealthy lifestyle choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anem Iftikhar
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee,United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Islam
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee,United Kingdom
| | - Simon Shepherd
- Department of Oral Surgery and Medicine, Dundee Dental Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Jones
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee,United Kingdom
| | - Ian Ellis
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee,United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ian Ellis,
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Jaffe AE, Kumar SA, Hultgren BA, Smith-LeCavalier KN, Garcia TA, Canning JR, Larimer ME. Meaning in life and stress-related drinking: A multicohort study of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Addict Behav 2022; 129:107281. [PMID: 35189495 PMCID: PMC8842409 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, college students have experienced heightened stressors and reported stress-related drinking. To identify potential protective factors among college students, we investigate the possibility that finding meaning and purpose in one's life may lessen the strength of the association between stress and alcohol consumption in a multicohort sample of college students (N = 694; 64.8% women) recruited between November 2019 and September 2021. Consistent with expectations, negative binomial regressions revealed significant interactions, such that higher stress was only associated with more past-month alcohol use among individuals who reported low levels of meaning in life. The buffering role of meaning in life appeared to be robust; interaction results held when investigating both general perceived stress and COVID-specific stress, and did not vary by cohort. Although longitudinal and experimental research are needed, findings indicate that finding meaning and purpose in one's life may help college students to navigate heightened periods of stress with more adaptive coping strategies that do not result in drinking to cope. Findings highlight the potential utility of meaning-promoting strategies in college alcohol interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Jaffe
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Shaina A. Kumar
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Brittney A. Hultgren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Tracey A. Garcia
- Department of Psychology, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA
| | | | - Mary E. Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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6
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Bush NJ, Schick MR, Spillane NS, Boissoneault J. Stress Mediates the Association Between Pain and Alcohol Use in College Students. J Pain Res 2022; 15:757-766. [PMID: 35356267 PMCID: PMC8958199 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s351837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol use in young adults is highly prevalent and associated with numerous consequences, including academic difficulties and motor vehicle accidents. Pain is one factor that has been increasingly shown to be associated with higher rates of alcohol consumption and riskier patterns of drinking among undergraduate students. Although pain has traditionally been viewed as a lesser concern for young adults, current research demonstrates that pain may be more prevalent in younger populations than originally thought. However, little is known about how common psychosocial factors, such as stress and subjective social status (SSS), influence the association between pain and alcohol consumption in college students. Objective The study's goal was to examine the effect of stress and SSS on the relationship between pain and alcohol consumption. Participants and Methods Participants (N = 445, 39.3% women, Mage = 22.98) were 18- to 25-year-old college students who completed an online questionnaire. Results Pain was significantly associated with total weekly alcohol consumption (r(445) = .22, p < 0.001); this association was significantly mediated by stress (b = 0.15, SE = 0.04, 95% CI = [.07,0.23]). SSS was significantly positively associated with alcohol consumption (r(445) = .22, p < 0.001) but was not found to significantly moderate the relationship between stress and alcohol use. Conclusion Results suggest that efforts to reduce college student alcohol use should include assessment of pain and stress given their association with alcohol consumption. Further, findings suggest that future studies are warranted to prospectively examine pain as an antecedent for alcohol use and to examine the utility of incorporating stress management techniques in pain-focused interventions to indirectly target alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Bush
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Melissa R Schick
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Nichea S Spillane
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Jeff Boissoneault
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Tovmasyan A, Monk RL, Heim D. Towards an affect intensity regulation hypothesis: Systematic review and meta-analyses of the relationship between affective states and alcohol consumption. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262670. [PMID: 35100278 PMCID: PMC8803173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While self-medication and positive and negative reinforcement models of alcohol use suggest that there is an association between daily affect and alcohol consumption, findings within the academic literature have been inconsistent. This pre-registered systematic review meta-analytically interrogated the results from studies amongst non-clinical populations that examine the relationship between daily affective states and alcohol consumption volume. PRISMA guided searches of PsychINFO, PsycARTICLES, Science Direct, PubMed, SCOPUS, and JSTOR databases were conducted. When both laboratory and field studies were included, meta-analyses with robust variance estimation yielded 53 eligible studies on negative affect (8355 participants, 127 effect sizes) and 35 studies for positive affect (6384 participants, 50 effect sizes). The significant pooled associations between intra-day affect and alcohol consumption were r = .09, [.03, .14] for negative affect, and r = .17, [.04, .30] for positive affect. A small-to-medium sized effect (d = .275, [.11, .44]) of negative affect on daily alcohol consumption volume was found in laboratory studies (14 studies, 1100 participants). While publication bias was suspected, P-curve analyses suggested that the results were unlikely to be the product of publication bias and p-hacking alone, and selection model analysis revealed no significant differences in results when publication bias was accounted for. For negative affect, using number of drinks as the measure of alcohol consumption was associated with lower effect sizes. For positive affect, the results demonstrated a decline of this observed effect over time. Overall, findings point towards the possibility of developing an affect intensity regulation theory of alcohol use. Conceptualizing the mood-alcohol nexus in terms of affect intensity regulation may afford a more parsimonious explanation of alcohol consumption rather than viewing the behavior as being shaped by either positive or negative affective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tovmasyan
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L. Monk
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Heim
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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8
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Grest CV, Cederbaum JA, Lee DS, Choi YJ, Cho H, Hong S, Yun SH, Lee JO. Cumulative Violence Exposure and Alcohol Use Among College Students: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Dating Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:557-577. [PMID: 32248736 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520913212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple types of childhood adversities are risk factors for dating violence among college-age youth and in turn, dating violence is associated with alcohol use. This work quantitatively examines associations of childhood adversity and dating violence with alcohol use among college students using a cumulative stress approach. Multi-campus surveys were collected from March to December 2016 in four universities across the United States and Canada (n = 3,710). Latent class analysis identified patterns of childhood adversity and dating violence. Regression analyses investigated the associations of latent class patterns with past year number of drinks, alcohol use frequency, and problematic drinking. Latent class analysis produced seven classes: "low violence exposure" (18.5%), "predominantly peer violence" (28.9%), "peer violence and psychological child abuse" (10.8%), "peer and parental domestic violence" (9.9%), "peer and psychological dating violence" (17%), "peer and dating violence" (6.6%), and "childhood adversity and psychological dating violence" (8.3%). Compared to the "low violence exposure" group, "peer and psychological dating violence" (B = .114, p < .05), "peer and dating violence" (B = .143, p < .05), and "childhood adversity and psychological dating violence" (B = .183, p < .001) groups were significantly associated with problematic drinking. Results highlight how childhood adversity and dating violence contribute to problematic alcohol use, suggesting interventions that address both childhood adversity and dating violence may be most effective at reducing alcohol misuse among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel S Lee
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Hyunkag Cho
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
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9
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Villamil Grest C, Cederbaum JA, Lee JO, Unger JB. Adverse childhood experiences and the substance use behaviors of Latinx youth. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 227:108936. [PMID: 34365223 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with substance use, how cultural factors influence this association for Latinx youth is unknown. This study uses longitudinal data to examine associations of cultural factors, ACEs and substance use among Latinx young adults. METHODS Latinx youth (N = 1179) completed surveys from a longitudinal study at seven assessment points from 2005 to 2016; ACEs was assessed when participants were on average 21.6 and substance use 23.9 years. ACEs measured psychological, physical, and sexual abuse, parental violence, divorce, substance use, mental illness, and incarceration. A three-stage hierarchical ordinary least squares (alcohol use) and negative binomial regression models (problematic alcohol, marijuana and tobacco use) were estimated to evaluate the role of cultural factors (acculturation, enculturation and ethnic identity) and ACEs in shaping substance use behaviors. RESULTS Controlling for cultural variables, ACEs sum (B = 0.03, p = .01), maltreatment (B = 0.16, p < .01), and household (B = 0.12, p = .03) subdomains predicted alcohol use. One additional increase in maltreatment (IRR=1.23, 95 % CI: 1.00, 1.53) predicted 23 % higher count of problematic alcohol use. Maltreatment (IRR=1.50, 95 % CI: 1.05, 2.13) and household (IRR=1.66, 95 % CI: 1.18, 2.32) subdomains predicted increased counts of marijuana use. Four or more ACEs predicted increased counts of tobacco use (IRR=1.49, 95 % CI: 1.08, 2.06) among Latinx young adults. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest a predictive relationship between ACEs, and alcohol, marijuana and tobacco use, after accounting for cultural factors. Beyond acculturation, enculturation and ethnic identity, findings identify ACEs as a salient predictor of substance use among Latinx young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Villamil Grest
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W. 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90989, United States.
| | - Julie A Cederbaum
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W. 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90989, United States.
| | - Jungeun Olivia Lee
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W. 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90989, United States.
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 302, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, United States.
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Now or Later? Stress-Induced Increase and Decrease in Choice Impulsivity Are Both Associated with Elevated Affective and Endocrine Responses. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091148. [PMID: 34573169 PMCID: PMC8465154 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to acute stress elicit physiological and psychological responses that can impact decision-making, often expressed as an increased tendency to act in an impulsive manner following stress. Delay discounting (DD) task has emerged as a reliable measure of impulsive behavior in the form of choice impulsivity (CI). Interestingly, studies that examined the effect of acute stress on DD performance reported mixed results. To address this, we conducted a within-subject examination of the impact of acute stress on CI, focusing on individual differences in response patterns. One hundred and fifty healthy female participants completed the DD task twice, before and after undergoing an acute laboratory stress induction procedure. Saliva samples and self-report mood and affect measures were collected at four time points throughout the session. Fifty-nine matched healthy control participants completed only the DD task twice, with no stress in between. Results indicate that the acute stress procedure elicited the expected effects of increased cortisol release and increased negative mood and affect, at the group level. With respect to DD, stress indeed increased CI at the group level, yet participants differed in the magnitude and direction of this effect. Interestingly, regression analysis revealed quadratic relations between stress-induced changes in CI and cortisol release. Indeed, dividing the sample into three sub-groups based on the impact of stress on CI revealed that, compared to participants that exhibited no substantial change in their CI following stress, participants that exhibited either stress-induced increase or decrease in their CI also exhibited more stress-induced cortisol release, as well as more negative affect. Taken together, these findings suggest that elevated physiological and psychological responses to stress are associated with either increased or decreased choice impulsivity, thus depicting quadratic relations between stress and impulsivity.
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Marazziti D, Avella MT, Ivaldi T, Palermo S, Massa L, Vecchia AD, Basile L, Mucci F. Neuroenhancement: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2021; 18:137-169. [PMID: 34909030 PMCID: PMC8629054 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20210303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological neuroenhancement refers to the non-medical use of prescription drugs, alcohol, illegal drugs, or the so-called soft enhancers for the purpose of improving cognition, mood, pro-social behavior, or work and academic performance. This phenomenon is undoubtedly more frequent than previously supposed especially amongst university students. The aim of the present paper was to carefully review and comment on the available literature on neuroenhancement, according to Prisma guidelines. The results showed a great use of all prescribed drugs (benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, nootropic compounds, and especially stimulants) as neuroenhancers amongst healthy subjects, although probably the real prevalence is underestimated. The use of illicit drugs and soft enhancers is similarly quite common. Data on the improvement of cognition by other compounds, such as oxytocin and pheromones, or non-pharmacological techniques, specifically deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation, are still limited. In any case, if it is true that human beings are embedded by the desire to overcome the limits of their intrinsic nature, neuroenhancement practices put into question the concept of authenticity. Therefore, the problem appears quite complex and requires to be deepened and analyzed with no prejudice, although within an ethical conceptual frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
- Unicamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Avella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Tea Ivaldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Palermo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Massa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Della Vecchia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Basile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Mucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy
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12
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Sallie SN, Ritou V, Bowden-Jones H, Voon V. Assessing international alcohol consumption patterns during isolation from the COVID-19 pandemic using an online survey: highlighting negative emotionality mechanisms. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e044276. [PMID: 33243820 PMCID: PMC7692002 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has required drastic safety measures to control virus spread, including an extended self-isolation period. Stressful situations increase alcohol craving and consumption in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and non-AUD drinkers. Thus, we assessed how COVID-19 related stress may have affected drinking behaviours in the general population. DESIGN We developed an online cross-sectional survey, Habit Tracker (HabiT), which measured changes in drinking behaviours before and during COVID-19 quarantine. We also assessed psychiatric factors such as anxiety, depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and impulsivity (Short-Impulsive Behavior Scale). Lastly, we related drinking behaviours to COVID-19 specific stress factors. SETTING HabiT was released internationally, with individuals from 83 countries participating. PARTICIPANTS Participants were included if they were 18 years of age or older and confirmed they were proficient in English. The survey was completed by 2873 adults with 1346 usable data (46.9% accurately completed). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome measures were change in amount and severity of drinking behaviours before and during quarantine, and current drinking severity during quarantine. RESULTS Although drinking behaviours decreased overall during quarantine, 36% reported an increase in alcohol use. Those who increased alcohol use during quarantine were older individuals (95% CI 0.04 to 0.1, p<0.0001), essential workers (95% CI -0.58 to -0.1, p=0.01), individuals with children (95% CI -12.46 to 0.0, p=0.003), those with a personal relationship with someone severely ill from COVID-19 (95% CI -2 to -0.38, p=0.01) and those with higher depression (95% CI 0.67 to 1.45, p<0.0001), anxiety (95% CI 0.61 to 1.5, p=0.0002), and positive urgency impulsivity (95% CI 0.16 to 0.72, p=0.009). Furthermore, country-level subsample analyses indicated that drinking amount (95% CI 9.36 to 13.13, p=0.003) increased in the UK during quarantine. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight a role for identifying those vulnerable for alcohol misuse during periods of self-isolation and underscore the theoretical mechanism of negative emotionality underlying drinking behaviours driven by stress. Limitations include a large degree of study dropout (n=1515). Future studies should assess the long-term effects of isolation on drinking behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentin Ritou
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Henrietta Bowden-Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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13
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Dyer ML, Board AG, Hogarth L, Suddell SF, Heron JE, Hickman M, Munafò MR, Attwood AS. State anxiety and alcohol choice: Evidence from experimental and online observational studies. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:1237-1249. [PMID: 32854598 PMCID: PMC7604879 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120940913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies have investigated the effects of physical, psychological and pharmacological stressors (that induce state anxiety) on alcohol outcomes. However, no study has investigated the effects of state anxiety on alcohol outcomes, and the moderating role of drinking to cope (DTC) motives, using the 7.5% carbon dioxide (CO2) challenge. AIMS We aimed to investigate the relationships between state anxiety and alcohol-related outcomes (primarily alcohol choice). We also explored whether DTC motives moderated these relationships. METHODS We conducted two experiments using the 7.5% CO2 challenge (Studies 1 and 2) and an observational study (Study 3) (ns = 42, 60 and 219, respectively), to triangulate findings. RESULTS In Study 1, experimentally induced state anxiety increased alcohol choice (p < .001, ηp2 = .29). This finding was replicated in Study 2, but the effect was weaker (p = .076, ηp2 = .06). Furthermore, DTC moderated the effect (p = .013, ηp2= .11). However, in Study 3 there was no clear evidence of an association between naturally occurring state anxiety and alcohol choice (b = 0.05, p = .655), or a moderating role of DTC (b = 0.01, p = .852). CONCLUSIONS Experimentally induced, but not naturally occurring, state anxiety increases alcohol choice, although state anxiety levels were lower in the non-manipulated sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddy L Dyer
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol
Studies, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative
Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alexander G Board
- Department of Experimental Psychology,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee Hogarth
- School of Psychology, University of
Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Steph F Suddell
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol
Studies, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative
Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research
Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation
Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon E Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol
Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- National Institute for Health Research
Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation
Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol
Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol
Studies, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative
Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research
Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation
Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Angela S Attwood
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol
Studies, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative
Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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14
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Li Y, Ramoz N, Derrington E, Dreher JC. Hormonal responses in gambling versus alcohol abuse: A review of human studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 100:109880. [PMID: 32004637 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine system plays an essential role in communication between various organs of the body to maintain homeostasis. Both substance use disorders (SUDs) and non-substance abuse disrupt this system and lead to hormonal dysregulations. Here, we focus on the comparison between the function of the endocrine system in gambling disorders and alcohol addiction to understand the commonalities and differences in their neurobiological and psychological underpinnings. We review human research to compare findings on gambling addiction and alcohol dependence pertaining to the dynamic interplay between testosterone and cortisol. Understanding and classifying similarities in hormonal responses between behavioural addiction and SUDs may facilitate development of treatments and therapeutic interventions across different types of addictive disorders, while describing differences may shed light on therapeutic interventions for specific disorders. Although research on gambling addiction is in its infancy, such evaluation may still have a positive effect for addiction research, thereby stimulating discovery of "crossover" pharmacotherapies with benefits for both SUDs and nonsubstance addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Li
- Competition, Addiction and Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Nicolas Ramoz
- Vulnerability of Psychiatric and Addictive Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM UMRS1266, Paris, France.
| | - Edmund Derrington
- Neuroeconomics Laboratory, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR 5229, Bron, France
| | - Jean-Claude Dreher
- Neuroeconomics Laboratory, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR 5229, Bron, France.
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15
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Schonbrun Y, Johnson JE, Anderson BJ, Timko C, Kurth M, Stein MD. Personal agency and alcohol abstinence self-efficacy among incarcerated women. JOURNAL OF OFFENDER REHABILITATION 2019; 58:678-695. [PMID: 36793802 PMCID: PMC9928169 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2019.1648353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Incarcerated women with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) have unique treatment needs. Behavior change models emphasize self-efficacy in making changes to alcohol use, but have not been tested in samples of incarcerated women. Personal agency in several domains was examined as a correlate of alcohol abstinence self-efficacy in a sample of 173 incarcerated women with AUDs. Lower alcohol cravings (β = -0.19, p = .029), greater self-care (β = 0.17, p = .012), and less engagement in transactional sex (β = -0.48, p = .007) were associated with greater self-efficacy. Intrapersonal and interpersonal agency influence incarcerated women's self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Schonbrun
- Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | | | | | | | - Megan Kurth
- Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michael D. Stein
- Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
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16
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Griffiths A, Harper W, Desrosiers P, Murphy A, Royse D. “The stress is indescribable”: self-reported health implications from child welfare supervisors. CLINICAL SUPERVISOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07325223.2019.1643433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin Griffiths
- Department of Social Work, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, USA
| | - Whitney Harper
- Department of Social Work, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, USA
| | | | - April Murphy
- Department of Social Work, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, USA
| | - David Royse
- College of Social Work, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
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17
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Ajayi AI, Owolabi EO, Olajire OO. Alcohol use among Nigerian university students: prevalence, correlates and frequency of use. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:752. [PMID: 31196039 PMCID: PMC6567597 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, alcohol use is responsible for 320 deaths every hour, and the impact is more among those in the younger age group. Despite the adverse health and social challenges associated with alcohol use, alcohol remains the most used and abused psychoactive substance among young adults. Our study aimed at determining the prevalence, correlates and frequency of alcohol use among young adults in two Nigerian universities. We further explored the role of family structure, family support and religion/religiosity on alcohol use in this study setting. Such findings could help to inform public health policy formulation in the country. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted in two selected universities in the North Central region of Nigeria. The study was conducted among a final sample of 784 students selected using stratified random sampling. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on ever and current alcohol use and frequency of alcohol use between February and April 2018. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS The level of ever and current use of alcohol was 43.5 and 31.1%, respectively. The mean frequency of alcohol use among the study participants was three days, but ten days among current alcohol users. In the adjusted model, male sex, age above 19 years, infrequent attendance of religious rituals, and belonging to rich/middle-class family were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of ever use and current use of alcohol, while living in the same household as one's father was associated with lower odds of current and ever use of alcohol. CONCLUSION There is a high rate of lifetime and current use of alcohol among university students in the study setting. Alcohol use was significantly associated with living with parents, religion and religiosity. Both high and low socioeconomic status were associated with alcohol use. There is a need to implement measures in controlling alcohol manufacturing and marketing as well as policies regulating alcohol outlets establishment around educational institutions as well as the working hours in such outlets. Finally, there is a need to organise interventions aimed at reducing this unhealthy social norm among students in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Idowu Ajayi
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa.,Population Dynamics and Reproductive Health Unit, African Population and Health Research Centre, APHRC Campus, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa.
| | - Oluyinka Olutola Olajire
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa.,Department of Behaviour Studies, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
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18
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Cloutier RM, Blumenthal H, Trim RS, Douglas ME, Anderson KG. Real-time social stress response and subsequent alcohol use initiation among female adolescents. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:254-265. [PMID: 30869921 PMCID: PMC6483836 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents who are particularly sensitive to social stress may be vulnerable to earlier alcohol consumption and related problems. Although a small literature supports this contention, previous studies mostly relied on retrospective self-report. The current study used discrete-time survival analysis (DTSA) to test whether real-time social stress responding (via laboratory induction) and social anxiety symptoms predicted 12-month alcohol onset in an alcohol-naïve sample of young female adolescents. Anxiety elicited by the task was expected to predict greater and earlier rates of alcohol incidence, particularly among girls with higher levels of self-reported social anxiety symptoms. Participants were 104 community-recruited girls (ages 12-15 years) who completed a modified Trier Social Stress Test and questionnaires; follow-up calls were conducted at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the laboratory visit. Self-reported anxiety was assessed in response to the stressor following acclimation (baseline), instruction (anticipation), and speech (posttask). By 12 months, 30.8% of the sample had consumed a full alcoholic beverage. The DTSA revealed that girls with higher levels of social anxiety and greater elevations in anticipatory (but not posttask) anxiety compared to baseline had earlier alcohol initiation. This is the first study to examine the role of both laboratory-induced anxious responding and retrospective reports of social anxiety as prospective predictors of alcohol incidence. These preliminary findings suggest that adolescent girls who are more sensitive to social stress may be at risk for experimenting with alcohol earlier than their peers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Cloutier
- Teen Stress and Alcohol Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of North Texas
| | - Heidemarie Blumenthal
- Teen Stress and Alcohol Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of North Texas
| | - Ryan S Trim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego
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19
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Hogarth L, Hardy L, Bakou A, Mahlberg J, Weidemann G, Cashel S, Moustafa AA. Negative Mood Induction Increases Choice of Heroin Versus Food Pictures in Opiate-Dependent Individuals: Correlation With Self-Medication Coping Motives and Subjective Reactivity. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:274. [PMID: 31156470 PMCID: PMC6529569 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute growth in negative affect is thought to play a major role in triggering relapse in opiate-dependent individuals. Consistent with this view, three lab studies have demonstrated that negative mood induction increases opiate craving in opiate-dependent individuals. The current study sought to confirm these effects with a behavioral measure of heroin seeking, and test whether the effect is associated with self-reported opiate use to cope with negative affect and subjective reactivity to mood induction. Participants were heroin-dependent individuals engaged with treatment services (n = 47) and control participants (n = 25). Heroin users completed a questionnaire assessing reasons for using heroin: negative affect, social pressure, and cued craving. Baseline heroin choice was measured by preference to enlarge heroin versus food thumbnail pictures in two-alternative forced-choice trials. Negative mood was then induced by depressive statements and music before heroin choice was tested again. Subjective reactivity was indexed by negative and positive mood reported at the pre-induction to post-test timepoints. Heroin users chose heroin images more frequently than controls overall ( p = .001) and showed a negative mood-induced increase in heroin choice compared to control participants (interaction p < .05). Mood-induced heroin choice was associated with self-reported heroin use to cope with negative affect ( p < .05), but not social pressure ( p = .39) or cued craving ( p = .52), and with subjective mood reactivity ( p = .007). These data suggest that acute negative mood is a trigger for heroin seeking in heroin-dependent individuals, and this effect is pronounced in those who report using heroin to cope with negative affect, and those who show greater subjective reactivity to negative triggers. Interventions should seek to target negative coping motives to build resilience to affective triggers for relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hogarth
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna Hardy
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Bakou
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Mahlberg
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Weidemann
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon Cashel
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Vena A, King A, Lee R, de Wit H. Intranasal Oxytocin Does Not Modulate Responses to Alcohol in Social Drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1725-1734. [PMID: 29917245 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that the neuropeptide oxytocin may be of value in treating alcohol use disorder, by either reducing the rewarding effects of alcohol or reducing negative affect induced by alcohol withdrawal. However, the effect of a single dose of oxytocin on subjective and psychomotor responses to alcohol in social drinkers is not known. METHODS This study examined the effect of intranasal oxytocin on subjective, behavioral, and physiological responses to a moderate dose of alcohol (0.8 g/kg) in young adult social drinkers. Participants (N = 35) completed 2 study sessions at which they consumed beverages containing alcohol (ALC; N = 20) or placebo (NoALC; N = 15) in combination with intranasal oxytocin (40 IU with a 20 IU booster) or placebo. They received oxytocin at one session and placebo at the other session (order counterbalanced) 20 minutes before consuming beverages. Subjective mood and drug effects ratings, heart rate and blood pressure, and 4 behavioral tasks (flanker task, digit span, go/no-go, and pursuit rotor) were the primary outcome measures. RESULTS ALC produced its expected subjective and behavioral effects; including feeling intoxicated and impaired performance on the digit span and go/no-go tasks. Oxytocin alone had no significant subjective or physiological effects, and it did not affect responses to alcohol on any measure. CONCLUSIONS We can conclude that, under these conditions, a single dose of intranasal oxytocin does not alter the effects of acute alcohol in healthy young adult social drinkers. Further research is needed to determine whether oxytocin alters responses to alcohol under different conditions, and to determine its potential as an aid in treatment for substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Vena
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience (AV, AK, RL, HdW), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrea King
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience (AV, AK, RL, HdW), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Royce Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience (AV, AK, RL, HdW), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience (AV, AK, RL, HdW), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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21
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Segrin C, McNelis M, Pavlich CA. Indirect Effects of Loneliness on Substance Use through Stress. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2018; 33:513-518. [PMID: 28157378 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2016.1278507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness is associated with a range of physical health problems, and health behaviors (e.g., alcohol use) have been specified as one factor that explains the compromised health of lonely people. Accordingly, in this investigation, we sought to test direct and indirect (through stress) effects of loneliness on substance use (i.e., alcohol consumption, drinking problems, and prescription medication use) over the course of 1 year in a 2-wave longitudinal study. These effects were tested in a sample of 210 young adults who completed self-report measures of loneliness and substance use at time 1 and then completed measures of stress and substance use at time 2. The results showed that loneliness did not have prospective direct effects on substance use, but that it did have significant indirect effects, through increased stress, on all indicators of substance use. These findings highlight the important role of stress in potentially compromising the health of lonely people by increasing their propensity to engage in health risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Segrin
- a Department of Communication , University of Arizona
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22
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Field M, Jones A, Kersbergen I, Robinson E. Experimental Research Requires Valid and Sensitive Measures of Alcohol Intake, and This is a Step in the Right Direction: Commentary on Leeman and Colleagues (2018). Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1019-1021. [PMID: 29656487 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matt Field
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Inge Kersbergen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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23
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Chao T, Radoncic V, Hien D, Bedi G, Haney M. Stress responding in cannabis smokers as a function of trauma exposure, sex, and relapse in the human laboratory. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 185:23-32. [PMID: 29413435 PMCID: PMC6090565 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress responding is linked to drug use, but little is known about stress responses in cannabis smokers. We investigated acute stress responding in cannabis smokers as a function of trauma exposure and sex, and relationships between stress responses and cannabis relapse. METHODS 125 healthy, non-treatment-seeking daily cannabis smokers (23F, 102 M) completed the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST), a standardized laboratory stressor; subsets also completed a trauma questionnaire (n = 106) and a laboratory cannabis relapse measure (n = 54). Stress responding was assessed with heart rate (HR), salivary cortisol (CORT), and self-rated mood. RESULTS Cannabis smokers reporting at least one trauma exposure had higher CORT and anxiety overall compared to those reporting no trauma. Stress responding did not differ as a function of binary trauma exposure, although total number of exposures correlated positively with CORT and anxiety during stress. Females reported increased nervousness after stress relative to males matched to the females for cannabis and cigarette use. An interactive effect of sex and trauma on HR suggested that females with trauma exposure have increased cardiovascular stress responding relative to those without such exposure, with no differential effect in males. Stress responding did not predict laboratory cannabis relapse. CONCLUSION We report differences in acute stress responding as a function of trauma, sex, and their interaction in a large sample of relatively homogenous cannabis smokers. Further investigation of how trauma impacts stress responding in male and female cannabis smokers, and how this relates to different aspects of cannabis use, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chao
- Department of Psychology, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY, United States; Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vanya Radoncic
- Gordon F. Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, United States; Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Denise Hien
- Gordon F. Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, United States; Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gillinder Bedi
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, and Orygen National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Margaret Haney
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
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24
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Stoops WW, Hardy L, Mathew AR, Hitsman B. Negative mood-induced alcohol-seeking is greater in young adults who report depression symptoms, drinking to cope, and subjective reactivity. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2018; 26:138-146. [PMID: 29389212 PMCID: PMC5896502 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acute negative mood powerfully motivates alcohol-seeking behavior, but it remains unclear whether sensitivity to this effect is greater in drinkers who report depression symptoms, drinking to cope, and subjective reactivity. To examine these questions, 128 young adult alcohol drinkers (ages 18-25) completed questionnaires of alcohol use disorder symptoms, depression symptoms, and drinking to cope with negative affect. Baseline alcohol choice was measured by preference to enlarge alcohol versus food thumbnail images in two-alternative forced-choice trials. Negative mood was then induced by depressive statements and music, before alcohol choice was tested. Subjective reactivity was indexed by increased sadness pre- to post-mood induction. Baseline alcohol choice correlated with alcohol dependence symptoms (p = .001), and drinking coping motives (ps ≤ .01). Mood induction increased alcohol choice and subjective sadness overall (ps < .001). The mood-induced increase in alcohol choice was associated with depression symptoms (p = .007), drinking to cope (ps ≤ .03), and subjective reactivity (p = .007). The relationship between mood-induced alcohol choice and drinking to cope remained significant after covarying for other drinking motives. Furthermore, the three predictors (depression, drinking to cope, and subjective reactivity) accounted for unique variance in mood-induced alcohol choice (ps ≥ .03), and collectively accounted for 18% of the variance (p < .001). These findings validate the pictorial alcohol choice task as sensitive to the relative value of alcohol and acute negative mood. The findings also accord with the core prediction of negative reinforcement theory that sensitivity to the motivational impact of negative mood on alcohol-seeking behavior may be an important mechanism that links depression and alcohol dependence. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda R Mathew
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Brian Hitsman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
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Connolly RD, Noel V, Mezo PG. Self-Evaluation as a Mediating Variable between Substance Abuse and Stress. Int J Ment Health Addict 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-017-9735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Houston JB, First J, Spialek ML, Sorenson ME, Mills-Sandoval T, Lockett M, First NL, Nitiéma P, Allen SF, Pfefferbaum B. Randomized controlled trial of the Resilience and Coping Intervention (RCI) with undergraduate university students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2017; 65:1-9. [PMID: 27559857 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2016.1227826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the Resilience and Coping Intervention (RCI) with college students. PARTICIPANTS College students (aged 18-23) from a large Midwest US university who volunteered for a randomized controlled trial during the 2015 spring semester. METHODS College students were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 64) or a control (n = 65) group. Intervention participants received three 45-minute RCI sessions over subsequent weeks. All participants completed pre- and post-intervention assessments at the beginning of Week 1 and end of Week 3. Student resilience, coping, hope, stress, depression, and anxiety were assessed. RESULTS RCI participants reported significantly more hope and less stress and depression from Week 1 to Week 3 compared with control participants. Results for resilience also approached statistical significance. Effect sizes were small to moderate. CONCLUSIONS This study found preliminary evidence that RCI is an effective resilience intervention for use with college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brian Houston
- a Disaster and Community Crisis Center, Department of Communication, University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | - Jennifer First
- a Disaster and Community Crisis Center, Department of Communication, University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | - Matthew L Spialek
- b Department of Communication , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Mary E Sorenson
- a Disaster and Community Crisis Center, Department of Communication, University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | - Toby Mills-Sandoval
- a Disaster and Community Crisis Center, Department of Communication, University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | - McKenzie Lockett
- a Disaster and Community Crisis Center, Department of Communication, University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | - Nathan L First
- a Disaster and Community Crisis Center, Department of Communication, University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | - Pascal Nitiéma
- c Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , USA
| | - Sandra F Allen
- c Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , USA
| | - Betty Pfefferbaum
- c Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , USA
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Abstract
Genetic factors contribute to more than 50% of the variation in the vulnerability to alcohol dependence (AD). Although significant advances have been made in medications for AD, these medications do not work for all people. Precise tailoring of medicinal strategies for individual alcoholic patients is needed to achieve optimal outcomes. This review updates the most promising information on genetic variants in AD, which may be useful for improving diagnostic, therapeutic, and monitoring strategies. We describe genetic candidates of various neurotransmitter and enzyme systems. In addition to biological and allelic associations with AD, genetic effects on AD-related phenotypes and treatment responses have also been described. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions have been considered. Potential applications of genomewide and epigenetic approaches for identifying genetic biomarkers of AD have been discussed. Overall, the application of genetic findings in precision medicine for AD will likely involve an integrated approach that distinguishes effect sizes of specific genetic predictors with regard to sex, pharmacotherapy, ethnicity, and AD-related aspects and considers gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. Our work may pave the way toward more precise treatment for AD that could ultimately improve clinical management and interventions.
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Bernstein MH, Wood MD. Effect of anticipatory stress on placebo alcohol consumption in a bar laboratory. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2016; 43:95-102. [PMID: 27715318 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1209514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only one laboratory study has examined the relation between stress and alcohol use in an ecologically valid drinking context. In that prior study, drinking was measured after the stressful situation. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of an anticipatory stressor, and trait social anxiety on "alcohol" consumption in a bar laboratory. METHODS College students aged 18 and older (N = 127) in same-sex groups of two or three participants took part in a study that ostensibly examined alcohol's effect on language fluency. Using a between-subjects design, participants were randomly assigned to a stress or control condition. Participants in the stress condition anticipated giving a stressful speech for the fluency procedure, whereas those in the control group anticipated a nonstressful activity. Before the alleged fluency task, groups could order and consume mixed drinks ad lib in a bar laboratory. No beverages actually contained alcohol, but we used a validated procedure to ensure that participants included in these analyses were deceived. Primary analyses were performed with a hierarchical linear model (HLM) due to a substantial group/modeling effect. RESULTS Counter to expectations, participants in the control group consumed more placebo alcohol than those in the stress condition. This main effect was moderated by past 3 months' drinks per week, such that the effect was attenuated (or reversed) among heavy drinkers. No main or interaction effects were observed for trait social anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Some stressors (i.e., those invoking performance anxiety) may decrease consumption. People with higher levels of alcohol involvement might be especially motivated to drink for tension reduction purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Bernstein
- a Department of Psychology , University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
| | - Mark D Wood
- a Department of Psychology , University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
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Acute stress increases ad-libitum alcohol consumption in heavy drinkers, but not through impaired inhibitory control. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1227-34. [PMID: 26815361 PMCID: PMC4801987 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stress increases alcohol consumption and the risk of relapse, but little is known about the psychological mechanisms that underlie these effects. One candidate mechanism is inhibitory control, which may be impaired by acute stress and is believed to exert a causal influence on alcohol consumption. OBJECTIVES We investigated if acute stress would impair inhibitory control and if impaired inhibitory control would be associated with subsequent ad-libitum alcohol consumption in a naturalistic laboratory setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred heavy drinkers took part in an experimental study in a naturalistic 'bar laboratory'. Participants were randomly assigned to an acute stress (n = 50) or control (n = 50) group. In the stress group, participants were exposed to the social evaluative threat of giving a self-critical presentation, whereas the control group completed simple anagrams. Prior to and following the manipulation, participants completed the stop signal task as a measure of inhibitory control. Finally, participants completed a bogus taste test, as a measure of ad-libitum alcohol consumption. RESULTS The stress manipulation had no effect on performance on the stop signal task. However, there was a small but significant increase in ad-libitum alcohol consumption in the acute stress group compared to that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Acute stress increased alcohol consumption in heavy drinkers, in a semi-naturalistic setting. However, this was not through the hypothesised mechanism of a transient impairment in inhibitory control.
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