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Bottardi S, Layne T, Ramòn AC, Quansah N, Wurtele H, Affar EB, Milot E. MNDA, a PYHIN factor involved in transcriptional regulation and apoptosis control in leukocytes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395035. [PMID: 38680493 PMCID: PMC11045911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation control is critical during the innate immune response. Such response is triggered by the detection of molecules originating from pathogens or damaged host cells by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs subsequently initiate intra-cellular signalling through different pathways, resulting in i) the production of inflammatory cytokines, including type I interferon (IFN), and ii) the initiation of a cascade of events that promote both immediate host responses as well as adaptive immune responses. All human PYRIN and HIN-200 domains (PYHIN) protein family members were initially proposed to be PRRs, although this view has been challenged by reports that revealed their impact on other cellular mechanisms. Of relevance here, the human PYHIN factor myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) has recently been shown to directly control the transcription of genes encoding factors that regulate programmed cell death and inflammation. While MNDA is mainly found in the nucleus of leukocytes of both myeloid (neutrophils and monocytes) and lymphoid (B-cell) origin, its subcellular localization has been shown to be modulated in response to genotoxic agents that induce apoptosis and by bacterial constituents, mediators of inflammation. Prior studies have noted the importance of MNDA as a marker for certain forms of lymphoma, and as a clinical prognostic factor for hematopoietic diseases characterized by defective regulation of apoptosis. Abnormal expression of MNDA has also been associated with altered levels of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Refining our comprehension of the regulatory mechanisms governing the expression of MNDA and other PYHIN proteins, as well as enhancing our definition of their molecular functions, could significantly influence the management and treatment strategies of numerous human diseases. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding PYHIN proteins and their role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Emphasis will be placed on the regulation, function, and relevance of MNDA expression in the control of gene transcription and RNA stability during cell death and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bottardi
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Taylorjade Layne
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ailyn C. Ramòn
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Norreen Quansah
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Wurtele
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - El Bachir Affar
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Milot
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Bhargavi G, Subbian S. The causes and consequences of trained immunity in myeloid cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365127. [PMID: 38665915 PMCID: PMC11043514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, immunity in humans has been classified as innate and adaptive, with the concept that only the latter type has an immunological memory/recall response against specific antigens or pathogens. Recently, a new concept of trained immunity (a.k.a. innate memory response) has emerged. According to this concept, innate immune cells can exhibit enhanced responsiveness to subsequent challenges, after initial stimulation with antigen/pathogen. Thus, trained immunity enables the innate immune cells to respond robustly and non-specifically through exposure or re-exposure to antigens/infections or vaccines, providing enhanced resistance to unrelated pathogens or reduced infection severity. For example, individuals vaccinated with BCG to protect against tuberculosis were also protected from malaria and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Epigenetic modifications such as histone acetylation and metabolic reprogramming (e.g. shift towards glycolysis) and their inter-linked regulations are the key factors underpinning the immune activation of trained cells. The integrated metabolic and epigenetic rewiring generates sufficient metabolic intermediates, which is crucial to meet the energy demand required to produce proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses by the trained cells. These factors also determine the efficacy and durability of trained immunity. Importantly, the signaling pathways and regulatory molecules of trained immunity can be harnessed as potential targets for developing novel intervention strategies, such as better vaccines and immunotherapies against infectious (e.g., sepsis) and non-infectious (e.g., cancer) diseases. However, aberrant inflammation caused by inappropriate onset of trained immunity can lead to severe autoimmune pathological consequences, (e.g., systemic sclerosis and granulomatosis). In this review, we provide an overview of conventional innate and adaptive immunity and summarize various mechanistic factors associated with the onset and regulation of trained immunity, focusing on immunologic, metabolic, and epigenetic changes in myeloid cells. This review underscores the transformative potential of trained immunity in immunology, paving the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for various infectious and non-infectious diseases that leverage innate immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
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Dushianthan A, Cusack R, Goss V, Koster G, Grocott MPW, Postle AD. In Vivo Cellular Phosphatidylcholine Kinetics of CD15+ Leucocytes and CD3+ T-Lymphocytes in Adults with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Cells 2024; 13:332. [PMID: 38391944 PMCID: PMC10886962 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cell membranes composed of a mixture of glycerophospholipids, the relative composition of individual phospholipids and the dynamic flux vary between cells. In addition to their structural role, membrane phospholipids are involved in cellular signalling and immunomodulatory functions. In this study, we investigate the molecular membrane composition and dynamic flux of phosphatidylcholines in CD15+ leucocytes and CD3+ lymphocytes extracted from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We identified compositional variations between these cell types, where CD15+ cells had relatively higher quantities of alkyl-acyl PC species and CD3+ cells contained more arachidonoyl-PC species. There was a significant loss of arachidonoyl-PC in CD3+ cells in ARDS patients. Moreover, there were significant changes in PC composition and the methyl-D9 enrichment of individual molecular species in CD15+ cells from ARDS patients. This is the first study to perform an in vivo assessment of membrane composition and dynamic changes in immunological cells from ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahilanandan Dushianthan
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK; (R.C.); (G.K.); (M.P.W.G.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
| | - Rebecca Cusack
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK; (R.C.); (G.K.); (M.P.W.G.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
| | - Victoria Goss
- Clinical Trials Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK;
| | - Grielof Koster
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK; (R.C.); (G.K.); (M.P.W.G.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
| | - Michael P. W. Grocott
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK; (R.C.); (G.K.); (M.P.W.G.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
| | - Anthony D. Postle
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK; (R.C.); (G.K.); (M.P.W.G.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
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Alibeg AAA, Mohammed MH. Molecular docking, synthesis, characteristics and preliminary cytotoxic study of new coumarin-sulfonamide derivatives as histone deacetylase inhibitors. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2024; 77:514-525. [PMID: 38691794 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202403118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: To evaluate the cytotoxic activity of newly synthesized a series of novel HDAC inhibitors comprising sulfonamide as zinc binding group and Coumarin as cap groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and Methods: The utilization of sulfonamide as zinc binding group and Coumarin as cap groups known to possess antitumor activity in the designed of new histone deacetylase inhibitors and using the docking and MTT assay to evaluate the compounds. RESULTS Results: Four compounds have been synthesized and characterized successfully by ART-FTIR, NMR and ESI-Ms. The synthesized compound assessed for their cytotoxic activity against hepatoblastoma HepG2 (IC50, I=0.094, II=0.040, III=0.032, IV=0.046, SAHA=0.141) and human colon adenocarcinoma MCF-7 (IC50, I=0.135, II=0.050, III= 0.065, IV=0.059, SAHA=0.107). The binding mode to the active site of [HDAC6] were determined by docking study which give results that they might be good inhibitors for [HDAC6]. CONCLUSION Conclusions: The synthesized compounds (I, II, III and IV) showed a comparable cytotoxic result with FDA approved drug (SAHA) toward HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines and their docking analysis provided a preliminary indication that they are viable [HDAC6] candidates.
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Ma A, Feng Z, Li Y, Wu Q, Xiong H, Dong M, Cheng J, Wang Z, Yang J, Kang Y. Ferroptosis-related signature and immune infiltration characterization in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respir Res 2023; 24:154. [PMID: 37301835 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is one of the most life-threatening diseases in the intensive care unit with high mortality and morbidity. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered immune related cell death that is associated with various lung diseases. However, the role of immune-mediated ferroptosis in ALI/ARDS has not been elucidated. METHOD We analyzed two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE2411 and GSE109913) and extracted characteristic ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) between the control and ALI groups through bioinformatic analysis. Then, we prospectively collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with ARDS and verified the expression of characteristic FRGs. Lastly, we constructed the ALI/ARDS model induced by LPS and isolated the primary neutrophils of mice. Erastin, an ferroptosis inducer, was used at the cellular level to verify the effect of neutrophils on ferroptosis in lung epithelium cells. RESULT We identified three characteristic FRGs, Cp, Slc39a14 and Slc7a11, by analyzing two gene expression profiling datasets. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the three characteristic genes were significantly positively correlated with the infiltration levels of neutrophils. We collected BALF from 59 ARDS patients to verify the expression of Cp, Slc7a11 and Slc39a14 in humans. The results showed that Cp was elevated in patients with severe ARDS (p = 0.019), Slc7a11 was significantly elevated in patients with moderate ARDS (p = 0.021) relative to patients with mild ARDS. The levels of neutrophils in the peripheral blood of ARDS patients were positively correlated with the expression levels of Slc7a11 (Pearson's R2 = 0.086, p = 0.033). Three characteristic FRGs were significantly activated after the onset of ferroptosis (6 h) early in LPS induced ALI model, and that ferroptosis was alleviated after the organism compensated within 12 to 48 h. We extracted primary activated neutrophils from mice and co-cultured them with MLE-12 in transwell, Slc7a11, Cp and Slc39a14 in MLE-12 cells were significantly upregulated as the number of neutrophils increased. The results showed that neutrophil infiltration alleviated erastin-induced MDA accumulation, GSH depletion, and divalent iron accumulation, accompanied by upregulation of Slc7a11 and Gpx4, implying the existence of a compensatory effect of lipid oxidation in neutrophils after acute lung injury in the organism. CONCLUSION We identified three immune-mediated ferroptosis genes, namely, Cp, Slc7a11 and Slc39a14, which possibly regulated by neutrophils during the development of ALI, and their pathways may be involved in anti-oxidative stress and anti-lipid metabolism. Thus, the present study contributes to the understanding of ALI/ARDS and provide novel targets for future immunotherapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijia Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongxue Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaiyu Xiong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Meiling Dong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiangli Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenling Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Herrera VLM, Bosch NA, Lok JJ, Nguyen MQ, Lenae KA, deKay JT, Ryzhov SV, Seder DB, Ruiz-Opazo N, Walkey AJ. Circulating neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-forming 'rogue' neutrophil subset, immunotype [DEspR + CD11b +], mediate multi-organ failure in COVID-19- an observational study. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 8:12. [PMID: 37096233 PMCID: PMC10111078 DOI: 10.1186/s41231-023-00143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Cumulative research show association of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) with poor outcomes in severe COVID-19. However, to date, there is no curative intent therapy able to block neutrophil/NETs-mediated progression of multi-organ dysfunction. Because of emerging neutrophil heterogeneity, the study of subsets of circulating NET-forming neutrophils [NET + Ns] as mediators of multi-organ failure progression among patients with COVID-19 is critical to identification of therapeutic targets. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study of circulating levels of CD11b + [NET + N] immunotyped for dual endothelin-1/signal peptide receptor (DEspR ±) expression by quantitative immunofluorescence-cytology and causal mediation analysis. In 36 consented adults hospitalized with mod-severe COVID-19, May to September 2020, we measured acute multi-organ failure via SOFA-scores and respiratory failure via SaO2/FiO2 (SF)-ratio at time points t1 (average 5.5 days from ICU/hospital admission) and t2 (the day before ICU-discharge or death), and ICU-free days at day28 (ICUFD). Circulating absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) and [NET + N] subset-specific counts were measured at t1. Spearman correlation and causal mediation analyses were conducted. Results Spearman correlation analyses showed correlations of t1-SOFA with t2-SOFA (rho r S = 0.80) and ICUFD (r S = -0.76); circulating DEspR + [NET + Ns] with t1-SOFA (r S = 0.71), t2-SOFA (r S = 0.62), and ICUFD (r S = -0.63), and ANC with t1-SOFA (r S = 0.71), and t2-SOFA (r S = 0.61).Causal mediation analysis identified DEspR + [NET + Ns] as mediator of 44.1% [95% CI:16.5,110.6] of the causal path between t1-SOFA (exposure) and t2-SOFA (outcome), with 46.9% [15.8,124.6] eliminated when DEspR + [NET + Ns] were theoretically reduced to zero. Concordantly, DEspR + [NET + Ns] mediated 47.1% [22.0,72.3%] of the t1-SOFA to ICUFD causal path, with 51.1% [22.8,80.4%] eliminated if DEspR + [NET + Ns] were reduced to zero. In patients with t1-SOFA > 1, the indirect effect of a hypothetical treatment eliminating DEspR + [NET + Ns] projected a reduction of t2-SOFA by 0.98 [0.29,2.06] points and ICUFD by 3.0 [0.85,7.09] days. In contrast, there was no significant mediation of SF-ratio through DEspR + [NET + Ns], and no significant mediation of SOFA-score through ANC. Conclusions Despite equivalent correlations, DEspR + [NET + Ns], but not ANC, mediated progression of multi-organ failure in acute COVID-19, and its hypothetical reduction is projected to improve ICUFD. These translational findings warrant further studies of DEspR + [NET + Ns] as potential patient-stratifier and actionable therapeutic target for multi-organ failure in COVID-19. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41231-023-00143-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L. M. Herrera
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Nicholas A. Bosch
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Judith J. Lok
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Mai Q. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Kaitriona A. Lenae
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | | | | | - David B. Seder
- Maine Health Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine USA
- Department of Critical Care Services, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine USA
| | - Nelson Ruiz-Opazo
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Allan J. Walkey
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts USA
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Qi P, Huang M, Li T. Identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for posttraumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 36918848 PMCID: PMC10012314 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improved supportive care, posttraumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) mortality has improved very little in recent years. Additionally, ARDS diagnosis is delayed or missed in many patients. We analyzed co-differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs) to explore the relationships between severe trauma and ARDS to reveal potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for posttraumatic ARDS. METHODS Two gene expression datasets (GSE64711 and GSE76293) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. The GSE64711 dataset included a subset of 244 severely injured trauma patients and 21 healthy controls. GSE76293 specimens were collected from 12 patients with ARDS who were recruited from trauma intensive care units and 11 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Trauma DEGs and ARDS DEGs were identified using the two datasets. Subsequently, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and protein-protein interaction network analyses were performed to elucidate the molecular functions of the DEGs. Then, hub genes of the co-DEGs were identified. Finally, to explore whether posttraumatic ARDS and septic ARDS are common targets, we included a third dataset (GSE100159) for corresponding verification. RESULTS 90 genes were upregulated and 48 genes were downregulated in the two datasets and were therefore named co-DEGs. These co-DEGs were significantly involved in multiple inflammation-, immunity- and neutrophil activation-related biological processes. Ten co-upregulated hub genes (GAPDH, MMP8, HGF, MAPK14, LCN2, CD163, ENO1, CD44, ARG1 and GADD45A) and five co-downregulated hub genes (HERC5, IFIT2, IFIT3, RSAD2 and IFIT1) may be considered potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for posttraumatic ARDS. Through the verification of the third dataset, posttraumatic ARDS may have its own unique targets worthy of further exploration. CONCLUSION This exploratory analysis supports a relationship between trauma and ARDS pathophysiology, specifically in relationship to the identified hub genes. These data may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for posttraumatic ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- Department of Emergency, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Mengjie Huang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Tanshi Li
- Department of Emergency, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Meroni PL, Croci S, Lonati PA, Pregnolato F, Spaggiari L, Besutti G, Bonacini M, Ferrigno I, Rossi A, Hetland G, Hollan I, Cugno M, Tedesco F, Borghi MO, Salvarani C. Complement activation predicts negative outcomes in COVID-19: The experience from Northen Italian patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2023; 22:103232. [PMID: 36414219 PMCID: PMC9675082 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) may present as a multi-organ disease with a hyperinflammatory and prothrombotic response (immunothrombosis) in addition to upper and lower airway involvement. Previous data showed that complement activation plays a role in immunothrombosis mainly in severe forms. The study aimed to investigate whether complement involvement is present in the early phases of the disease and can be predictive of a negative outcome. We enrolled 97 symptomatic patients with a positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 presenting to the emergency room. The patients with mild symptoms/lung involvement at CT-scan were discharged and the remaining were hospitalized. All the patients were evaluated after a 4-week follow-up and classified as mild (n. 54), moderate (n. 17) or severe COVID-19 (n. 26). Blood samples collected before starting any anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive therapy were assessed for soluble C5b-9 (sC5b-9) and C5a plasma levels by ELISA, and for the following serum mediators by ELLA: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p70, IFNγ, IFNα, VEGF-A, VEGF-B, GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-17A, VEGFR2, BLyS. Additional routine laboratory parameters were measured (fibrin fragment D-dimer, C-reactive protein, ferritin, white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen). Fifty age and sex-matched healthy controls were also evaluated. SC5b-9 and C5a plasma levels were significantly increased in the hospitalized patients (moderate and severe) in comparison with the non-hospitalized mild group. SC5b9 and C5a plasma levels were predictive of the disease severity evaluated one month later. IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, IL-10 and complement split products were higher in moderate/severe versus non-hospitalized mild COVID-19 patients and healthy controls but with a huge heterogeneity. SC5b-9 and C5a plasma levels correlated positively with CRP, ferritin values and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Complement can be activated in the very early phases of the disease, even in mild non-hospitalized patients. Complement activation can be observed even when pro-inflammatory cytokines are not increased, and predicts a negative outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Luigi Meroni
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory of Immuno-rheumatologic Researches, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Paola Adele Lonati
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory of Immuno-rheumatologic Researches, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pregnolato
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory of Immuno-rheumatologic Researches, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Spaggiari
- Radiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giulia Besutti
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ferrigno
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy; PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Geir Hetland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivana Hollan
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Massimo Cugno
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine and Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Tedesco
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory of Immuno-rheumatologic Researches, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Orietta Borghi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory of Immuno-rheumatologic Researches, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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9
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Pei Y, Zhang J, Qu J, Rao Y, Li D, Gai X, Chen Y, Liang Y, Sun Y. Complement component 3 protects human bronchial epithelial cells from cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and prevents incessant apoptosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035930. [PMID: 36605203 PMCID: PMC9807617 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement component 3 (C3) is a pivotal element of the complement system and plays an important role in innate immunity. A previous study showed that intracellular C3 was upregulated in airway epithelial cells (AECs) from individuals with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Accumulating evidence has shown that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in AECs. Therefore, we investigated whether C3 modulated cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in AECs and participated in the pathogenesis of COPD. We found increased C3 expression, together with increased oxidative stress and apoptosis, in a cigarette smoke-induced mouse model of COPD and in AECs from patients with COPD. Different concentrations of CSEinduced C3 expression in 16HBE cells in vitro. Interestingly, C3 knockdown (KD) exacerbated oxidative stress and apoptosis in 16HBE cells exposed to CSE. Furthermore, C3 exerted its pro-survival effects through JNK inhibition, while exogenous C3 partially rescued CSE-induced cell death and oxidative stress in C3 KD cells. These data indicate that locally produced C3 is an important pro-survival molecule in AECs under cigarette smoke exposure, revealing a potentially novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Zhang
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhang, ; Yongchang Sun,
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10
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Locally organised and activated Fth1 hi neutrophils aggravate inflammation of acute lung injury in an IL-10-dependent manner. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7703. [PMID: 36513690 PMCID: PMC9745290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common respiratory critical syndrome with no effective therapeutic intervention. Neutrophils function in the overwhelming inflammatory process of acute lung injury (ALI) caused by ARDS; however, the phenotypic heterogeneity of pulmonary neutrophils in ALI/ARDS remains largely unknown. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify two transcriptionally and functionally heterogeneous neutrophil populations (Fth1hi Neu and Prok2hi Neu) with distinct locations in LPS-induced ALI mouse lungs. Exposure to LPS promotes the Fth1hi Neu subtype, with more inflammatory factors, stronger antioxidant, and decreased apoptosis under the regulation of interleukin-10. Furthermore, prolonged retention of Fth1hi Neu within lung tissue aggravates inflammatory injury throughout the development of ALI/ARDS. Notably, ARDS patients have high ratios of Fth1 to Prok2 expression in pulmonary neutrophils, suggesting that the Fth1hi Neu population may promote the pathological development and provide a marker of poor outcome.
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11
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The Effect and Mechanism of Lipoxin A4 on Neutrophil Function in LPS-Induced Lung Injury. Inflammation 2022; 45:1950-1967. [PMID: 35438373 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Excessive inflammatory response caused by infiltration of a large number of neutrophils is one of the important features of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an important endogenous mediator in the process of inflammation resolution, which has a strong role in promoting inflammation resolution. In this study, we examined the impact of LXA4 on the pulmonary inflammatory response and the neutrophil function in ARDS rats. Our results indicated that exogenous administration of LXA4 could reduce the degree of lung injury in ARDS rats and inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β in lung tissue homogenate. However, LXA4 has no lung protective effect on ARDS rats of neutropenia, nor can it inhibit the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β in lung tissue homogenate. LXA4 can inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in peripheral blood neutrophils of ARDS rats. At the same time, LXA4 can promote the phagocytosis of neutrophils in ARDS rats in vitro and can also promote the apoptosis of neutrophils in ARDS rats. In addition, the effect of LXA4 on the function of neutrophils in ARDS rats is mediated by its receptor ALX. LXA4 can inhibit the release of NE and MPO from neutrophils, thereby reducing the production of NETs. In summary, these findings indicate that LXA4 has a protective effect on LPS-induced ARDS rats by affecting the function of neutrophils.
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12
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A targetable ‘rogue’ neutrophil-subset, [CD11b+DEspR+] immunotype, is associated with severity and mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19-ARDS. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5583. [PMID: 35379853 PMCID: PMC8977568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-mediated secondary tissue injury underlies acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and progression to multi-organ-failure (MOF) and death, processes linked to COVID-19-ARDS. This secondary tissue injury arises from dysregulated neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) intended to kill pathogens, but instead cause cell-injury. Insufficiency of pleiotropic therapeutic approaches delineate the need for inhibitors of dysregulated neutrophil-subset(s) that induce subset-specific apoptosis critical for neutrophil function-shutdown. We hypothesized that neutrophils expressing the pro-survival dual endothelin-1/VEGF-signal peptide receptor, DEspR, are apoptosis-resistant like DEspR+ cancer-cells, hence comprise a consequential pathogenic neutrophil-subset in ARDS and COVID-19-ARDS. Here, we report the significant association of increased peripheral DEspR+CD11b+ neutrophil-counts with severity and mortality in ARDS and COVID-19-ARDS, and intravascular NET-formation, in contrast to DEspR[-] neutrophils. We detect DEspR+ neutrophils and monocytes in lung tissue patients in ARDS and COVID-19-ARDS, and increased neutrophil RNA-levels of DEspR ligands and modulators in COVID-19-ARDS scRNA-seq data-files. Unlike DEspR[-] neutrophils, DEspR+CD11b+ neutrophils exhibit delayed apoptosis, which is blocked by humanized anti-DEspR-IgG4S228P antibody, hu6g8, in ex vivo assays. Ex vivo live-cell imaging of Rhesus-derived DEspR+CD11b+ neutrophils showed hu6g8 target-engagement, internalization, and induction of apoptosis. Altogether, data identify DEspR+CD11b+ neutrophils as a targetable ‘rogue’ neutrophil-subset associated with severity and mortality in ARDS and COVID-19-ARDS.
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13
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Zhu J, Li J, Chung CS, Lomas-Neira JL, Ayala A. Patho-Mechanisms for Hemorrhage/Sepsis-Induced Indirect Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Role for Lung TIE1 and Its Regulation by Neutrophils. Shock 2022; 57:608-615. [PMID: 34907117 PMCID: PMC8916968 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe hemorrhage (Hem) has been shown to be causal for the development of extra-pulmonary/indirect acute respiratory distress syndrome (iARDS) and is associated with severe endothelial cell (EC) injury. EC growth factors, Angiopoietin (Ang)-1 and -2, maintain vascular homeostasis via tightly regulated competitive interaction with the tyrosine kinase receptor, Tie2, expressed on ECs. OBJECTIVE Since it has been reported that the orphan receptor, Tie1, may be able to play a role in Ang:Tie2 signaling; we chose to examine Tie1's capacity to alter the lung Ang:Tie2 interaction in response to the sequential insults of shock/sepsis (cecal ligation and puncture [CLP]), culminating in iARDS. METHODS Male mice were subjected to Hem alone or sequential Hem followed 24 hours later by CLP that induces iARDS. Changes in lung and/or plasma levels of Tie1, Tie2, Ang-1, Ang-2, various systemic cytokine/chemokines and indices of lung injury/inflammation were then determined. The role of Tie1 was established by intravenous administration of Tie1 specific or control siRNA at 1 h post-Hem. Alternatively, the contribution of neutrophils was assessed by pre-treating mice with anti-neutrophil antibody depletion 48 h prior to Hem. RESULTS Lung tissue levels of Tie1 expression elevated over the first 6 to 24 h post-Hem alone. Subsequently, we found that treatment of Hem/CLP mice with Tie1-specific siRNA not only decreased Tie1 expression in lung tissue compared to control siRNA, but, suppressed the rise in lung inflammatory cytokines, lung MPO and the rise in lung protein leak. Finally, much as we have previously shown that neutrophil interaction with resident pulmonary vascular ECs contribute significantly to Ang-2 release and EC dysfunction, central to the development of iARDS. Here, we report that depletion of neutrophils also decreased lung tissue Tie1 expression and increased Tie2 activation in Hem/CLP mice. CONCLUSION Together, these data imply that shock-induced increased expression of Tie1 can contribute to EC activation by inhibiting Ang:Tie2 interaction, culminating in EC dysfunction and the development of iARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital & the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI 02830, USA
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital & the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI 02830, USA
| | - Joanne L. Lomas-Neira
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital & the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI 02830, USA
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital & the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI 02830, USA
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14
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Peyneau M, Granger V, Wicky PH, Khelifi-Touhami D, Timsit JF, Lescure FX, Yazdanpanah Y, Tran-Dinh A, Montravers P, Monteiro RC, Chollet-Martin S, Hurtado-Nedelec M, de Chaisemartin L. Innate immune deficiencies are associated with severity and poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. Sci Rep 2022; 12:638. [PMID: 35022495 PMCID: PMC8755788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to death in many individuals. Evidence of a deleterious role of the innate immune system is accumulating, but the precise mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the links between circulating innate phagocytes and severity in COVID-19 patients. We performed in-depth phenotyping of neutrophil and monocyte subpopulations and measured soluble activation markers in plasma. Additionally, anti-microbial functions (phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and NETosis) were evaluated on fresh cells from patients. Neutrophils and monocytes had a strikingly disturbed phenotype, and elevated concentrations of activation markers (calprotectin, myeloperoxidase, and neutrophil extracellular traps) were measured in plasma. Critical patients had increased CD13low immature neutrophils, LOX-1 + and CCR5 + immunosuppressive neutrophils, and HLA-DRlow downregulated monocytes. Markers of immature and immunosuppressive neutrophils were strongly associated with severity. Moreover, neutrophils and monocytes of critical patients had impaired antimicrobial functions, which correlated with organ dysfunction, severe infections, and mortality. Together, our results strongly argue in favor of a pivotal role of innate immunity in COVID-19 severe infections and pleads for targeted therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Peyneau
- Autoimmunity and Hypersensitivity Laboratory, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 996, "Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance", Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Vanessa Granger
- Autoimmunity and Hypersensitivity Laboratory, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 996, "Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance", Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Paul-Henri Wicky
- AP-HP, Bichat Hospital Medical and Infectious Diseases ICU (MI2), Paris, France.,IAME Université de Paris, Inserm U 1137, Paris, France
| | - Dounia Khelifi-Touhami
- Autoimmunity and Hypersensitivity Laboratory, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Timsit
- AP-HP, Bichat Hospital Medical and Infectious Diseases ICU (MI2), Paris, France.,IAME Université de Paris, Inserm U 1137, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Lescure
- IAME Université de Paris, Inserm U 1137, Paris, France.,Infectious Diseases Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Yazdan Yazdanpanah
- IAME Université de Paris, Inserm U 1137, Paris, France.,Infectious Diseases Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Alexy Tran-Dinh
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, DMU PARABOL, Université de Paris, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1152 - ANR10-LABX-17, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Montravers
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, DMU PARABOL, Université de Paris, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1152 - ANR10-LABX-17, Paris, France
| | - Renato C Monteiro
- Center for Research On Inflammation (CRI), Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Immunological Dysfunction Laboratory, APHP, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Chollet-Martin
- Autoimmunity and Hypersensitivity Laboratory, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 996, "Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance", Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Margarita Hurtado-Nedelec
- Center for Research On Inflammation (CRI), Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Immunological Dysfunction Laboratory, APHP, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Luc de Chaisemartin
- Autoimmunity and Hypersensitivity Laboratory, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France. .,INSERM UMR 996, "Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance", Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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15
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Blanch-Ruiz MA, Ortega-Luna R, Gómez-García G, Martínez-Cuesta MÁ, Álvarez Á. Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19 Progression: An Insight for Effective Treatment. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010031. [PMID: 35052711 PMCID: PMC8772933 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in a pandemic with over 270 million confirmed cases and 5.3 million deaths worldwide. In some cases, the infection leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is triggered by a cytokine storm and multiple organ failure. Clinical hematological, biochemical, coagulation, and inflammatory markers, such as interleukins, are associated with COVID-19 disease progression. In this regard, neutrophilia, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and neutrophil-to-albumin ratio (NAR), have emerged as promising biomarkers of disease severity and progression. In the pathophysiology of ARDS, the inflammatory environment induces neutrophil influx and activation in the lungs, promoting the release of cytokines, proteases, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and, eventually, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs components, such as DNA, histones, myeloperoxidase, and elastase, may exert cytotoxic activity and alveolar damage. Thus, NETs have also been described as potential biomarkers of COVID-19 prognosis. Several studies have demonstrated that NETs are induced in COVID-19 patients, and that the highest levels of NETs are found in critical ones, therefore highlighting a correlation between NETs and severity of the disease. Knowledge of NETs signaling pathways, and the targeting of points of NETs release, could help to develop an effective treatment for COVID-19, and specifically for severe cases, which would help to manage the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Amparo Blanch-Ruiz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.B.-R.); (R.O.-L.); (G.G.-G.)
| | - Raquel Ortega-Luna
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.B.-R.); (R.O.-L.); (G.G.-G.)
| | - Guillermo Gómez-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.B.-R.); (R.O.-L.); (G.G.-G.)
| | - Maria Ángeles Martínez-Cuesta
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.B.-R.); (R.O.-L.); (G.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.Á.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); Tel.: +34-96-398-3716 (M.Á.M.-C.); +34-96-386-4898 (Á.Á.)
| | - Ángeles Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.B.-R.); (R.O.-L.); (G.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.Á.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); Tel.: +34-96-398-3716 (M.Á.M.-C.); +34-96-386-4898 (Á.Á.)
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16
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Cheng Q, Lai X, Yang L, Yang H, Luo Y. Serum CD5L predicts acute lung parenchymal injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome in trauma patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27219. [PMID: 34596119 PMCID: PMC8483880 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 5 antigen-like (CD5L), derived from alveolar epithelial cells partly, is a secreted protein. It is shown that CD5L is associated with lung inflammation and systemic inflammatory diseases, but the relationship between CD5L and trauma-related acute lung parenchymal injury (PLI), acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is unclear. This study aims to explore the value of serum CD5L levels in predicting trauma-associated PLI/ARDS and its potential clinical significance.This is a prospective observational study, and a total of 127 trauma patients were recruited from the emergency department (ED), and among them, 81 suffered from PLI/ARDS within 24 hours after trauma, and 46 suffered from trauma without PLI/ARDS. Fifty healthy subjects from the medical examination center were also recruited as controls for comparison. The serum CD5L level was measured within 24 hours of admission. The receiver operating characteristic analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to identify the correlation between high CD5L and trauma associated-PLI/ARDS within 24 hours following trauma.The trauma associated-PLI/ARDS subjects showed a significantly higher level of serum CD5L on emergency department admission within 24 hours after trauma compared with its level in non-trauma associated-PLI/ARDS subjects and healthy subjects. The initial CD5L concentration higher than 150.3 ng/mL was identified as indicating a high risk of PLI/ARDS within 24 hours following trauma (95% confidence interval: 0.674-0.878; P < .001). Moreover, CD5L was an independent risk factor for trauma associated-PLI/ARDS within 24 hours following trauma.CD5L could predict PLI/ARDS within 24 hours following trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Friendship Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofei Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Friendship Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangyuan Central Hospital, No. 16 Jingxiangzi Road, Lizhou District, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huiqing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Friendship Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Friendship Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
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17
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Qiao Q, Liu X, Yang T, Cui K, Kong L, Yang C, Zhang Z. Nanomedicine for acute respiratory distress syndrome: The latest application, targeting strategy, and rational design. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3060-3091. [PMID: 33977080 PMCID: PMC8102084 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by the severe inflammation and destruction of the lung air-blood barrier, leading to irreversible and substantial respiratory function damage. Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been encountered with a high risk of ARDS, underscoring the urgency for exploiting effective therapy. However, proper medications for ARDS are still lacking due to poor pharmacokinetics, non-specific side effects, inability to surmount pulmonary barrier, and inadequate management of heterogeneity. The increased lung permeability in the pathological environment of ARDS may contribute to nanoparticle-mediated passive targeting delivery. Nanomedicine has demonstrated unique advantages in solving the dilemma of ARDS drug therapy, which can address the shortcomings and limitations of traditional anti-inflammatory or antioxidant drug treatment. Through passive, active, or physicochemical targeting, nanocarriers can interact with lung epithelium/endothelium and inflammatory cells to reverse abnormal changes and restore homeostasis of the pulmonary environment, thereby showing good therapeutic activity and reduced toxicity. This article reviews the latest applications of nanomedicine in pre-clinical ARDS therapy, highlights the strategies for targeted treatment of lung inflammation, presents the innovative drug delivery systems, and provides inspiration for strengthening the therapeutic effect of nanomedicine-based treatment.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- AEC II, alveolar type II epithelial cells
- AM, alveolar macrophages
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Acute lung injury
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Anti-inflammatory therapy
- BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CD, cyclodextrin
- CLP, cecal ligation and perforation
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- DOPE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- DOTAP, 1-diolefin-3-trimethylaminopropane
- DOX, doxorubicin
- DPPC, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
- Drug delivery
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ELVIS, extravasation through leaky vasculature and subsequent inflammatory cell-mediated sequestration
- EPCs, endothelial progenitor cells
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- EVs, extracellular vesicles
- EphA2, ephrin type-A receptor 2
- Esbp, E-selectin-binding peptide
- FcgR, Fcγ receptor
- GNP, peptide-gold nanoparticle
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- IKK, IκB kinase
- IL, interleukin
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome
- MPMVECs, mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cells
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NE, neutrophil elastase
- NETs, neutrophil extracellular traps
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- Nanomedicine
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PCB, poly(carboxybetaine)
- PDA, polydopamine
- PDE4, phosphodiesterase 4
- PECAM-1, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule
- PEG, poly(ethylene glycol)
- PEI, polyetherimide
- PEVs, platelet-derived extracellular vesicles
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PS-PEG, poly(styrene-b-ethylene glycol)
- Pathophysiologic feature
- RBC, red blood cells
- RBD, receptor-binding domains
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S1PLyase, sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SDC1, syndecan-1
- SORT, selective organ targeting
- SP, surfactant protein
- Se, selenium
- Siglec, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- TPP, triphenylphosphonium cation
- Targeting strategy
- YSA, YSAYPDSVPMMS
- cRGD, cyclic arginine glycine-d-aspartic acid
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- rSPANb, anti-rat SP-A nanobody
- scFv, single chain variable fragments
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qiao
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kexin Cui
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Kong
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Conglian Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Novel Drug Delivery System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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18
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Herrera VLM, Walkey AJ, Nguyen MQ, Gromisch CM, Mosaddhegi JZ, Gromisch MS, Jundi B, Lukassen S, Carstensen S, Denis R, Belkina AC, Baron RM, Pinilla-Vera M, Muller M, Kimberly WT, Goldstein JN, Lehmann I, Shih AR, Ells R, Levy BD, Rulz-Opazo N. Increased Neutrophil-Subset Associated With Severity/Mortality In ARDS And COVID19-ARDS Expresses The Dual Endothelin-1/VEGFsignal-Peptide Receptor (DEspR): An Actionable Therapeutic Target. RESEARCH SQUARE 2021:rs.3.rs-846250. [PMID: 34545358 PMCID: PMC8452107 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-846250/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil-mediated secondary tissue injury underlies acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and progression to multi-organ-failure (MOF) and death, processes linked to severe COVID19. This 'innocent bystander' tissue injury arises in dysregulated hyperinflammatory states from neutrophil functions and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) intended to kill pathogens, but injure cells instead, causing MOF. Insufficiency of prior therapeutic approaches suggest need to identify dysregulated neutrophil-subset(s) and induce subset-specific apoptosis critical for neutrophil function-shutdown and clearance. We hypothesized that neutrophils expressing the pro-survival dual endothelin-1/signal peptide receptor, DEspR, are apoptosis-resistant just like DEspR+ cancer cells, hence comprise a consequential pathogenic neutrophil-subset in ARDS and COVID19-ARDS. Here, we report correlation of circulating DEspR+CD11b+ activated neutrophils (DESpR+actNs) and NETosing-neutrophils with severity in ARDS and in COVID19-ARDS, increased DEspR+ neutrophils and monocytes in post-mortem ARDS-patient lung sections, and neutrophil DEspR/ET1 receptor/ligand autocrine loops in severe COVID19. Unlike DEspR[-] neutrophils, ARDS patient DEspR+actNs exhibit apoptosis-resistance, which decreased upon ex vivo treatment with humanized anti-DEspR-IgG4S228P antibody, hu6g8. Ex vivo live-cell imaging of non-human primate DEspR+actNs showed hu6g8 target-engagement, internalization, and induction of apoptosis. Altogether, data differentiate DEspR+actNs as a targetable neutrophil-subset associated with ARDS and COVID19-ARDS severity, and suggest DEspR-inhibition as a potential therapeutic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bakr Jundi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Soeren Lukassen
- Berlin Institute of Health and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Meike Muller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine
| | | | | | - Irina Lehmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH)
| | - Angela R Shih
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Roland Ells
- Berlin Institute of Health and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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19
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Wang Y, Pang SC, Yang Y. A potential association between immunosenescence and high COVID-19 related mortality among elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases. Immun Ageing 2021; 18:25. [PMID: 34074305 PMCID: PMC8166579 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases account for a large proportion of Corona virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)related deaths. COVID-19, as a new coronavirus, mainly targets the patient's lung triggering a cascade of innate and adaptive immune responses in the host. The principal causes of death among COVID-19 patients, especially elderly subjects with cardiovascular diseases, are acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and microvascular thrombosis. All prompted by an excessive uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response. Immunosenescence, characterized by systemic and chronic inflammation as well as innate/adaptive immune imbalance, presents both in the elderly and cardiovascular patients. COVID-19 infection further aggravates the existing inflammatory process and lymphocyte depletion leading to uncontrollable systemic inflammatory responses, which is the primary cause of death. Based on the higher mortality, this study attempts to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19 in elderly subjects with cardiovascular diseases as well as the cause of the high mortality result from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Xiacheng Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, 310004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu-Chao Pang
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Cardiology, SirRunRunShaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Zhang W, Wang Y, Li W, Wang G. The Association Between the Baseline and the Change in Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Short-Term Mortality in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:636869. [PMID: 34055826 PMCID: PMC8160236 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.636869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Two previous studies have shown that increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with short-term prognosis in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but it is usually assessed as a single threshold value at baseline. We investigated the relationship between the baseline and the early change in NLR and 30-day mortality in patients with ARDS to evaluate the prognostic value of NLR baseline and NLR changes during the first 7 days after ICU admission. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study, with all ARDS patients diagnosed according to the Berlin definition from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. We calculated the NLR by dividing the neutrophil count by the lymphocyte count. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the baseline NLR and short-term mortality. Then the generalized additive mixed model was used to compare trends in NLR over time among survivors and non-survivors after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: A total of 1164 patients were enrolled in our study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounders, elevated baseline NLR was a significant risk factor predicting 30-day mortality (OR 1.02, 95%CI 1.01, 1.03, P = 0.0046) and hospital mortality (OR 1.02, 95%CI 1.01, 1.03, P = 0.0003). The result of the generalized additive mixed model showed that the NLR decreased in the survival group and increased in the non-survival group gradually within 7 days after ICU admission. The difference between the two groups showed a trend of increase gradually and the difference increased by an average of 0.67 daily after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions: We confirmed that there was a positive correlation between baseline NLR and short-term mortality, and we found significant differences in NLR changes over time between the non-survival group and the survival group. The early increase in NLR was associated with short-term mortality in ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yadan Wang
- Ruibiao (Wuhan) Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Weijie Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Guizuo Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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21
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Liu B, He R, Zhang L, Hao B, Jiang W, Wang W, Geng Q. Inflammatory Caspases Drive Pyroptosis in Acute Lung Injury. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:631256. [PMID: 33613295 PMCID: PMC7892432 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.631256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), a critical respiratory disorder that causes diffuse alveolar injury leads to high mortality rates with no effective treatment. ALI is characterized by varying degrees of ventilation/perfusion mismatch, severe hypoxemia, and poor pulmonary compliance. The diffuse injury to cells is one of most important pathological characteristics of ALI. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death distinguished from apoptosis induced by inflammatory caspases, which can release inflammatory cytokines to clear cells infected by pathogens and promote monocytes to reassemble at the site of injury. And pyroptosis not only promotes inflammation in certain cell types, but also regulates many downstream pathways to perform different functions. There is increasing evidence that pyroptosis and its related inflammatory caspases play an important role in the development of acute lung injury. The main modes of activation of pyroptosis is not consistent among different types of cells in lung tissue. Meanwhile, inhibition of inflammasome, the key to initiating pyroptosis is currently the main way to treat acute lung injury. The review summarizes the relationship among inflammatory caspases, pyroptosis and acute lung injury and provides general directions and strategies to conduct further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruyuan He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyang Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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22
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Role of DAMPs in respiratory virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome-with a preliminary reference to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Genes Immun 2021; 22:141-160. [PMID: 34140652 PMCID: PMC8210526 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
When surveying the current literature on COVID-19, the "cytokine storm" is considered to be pathogenetically involved in its severe outcomes such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and eventually multiple organ failure. In this review, the similar role of DAMPs is addressed, that is, of those molecules, which operate upstream of the inflammatory pathway by activating those cells, which ultimately release the cytokines. Given the still limited reports on their role in COVID-19, the emerging topic is extended to respiratory viral infections with focus on influenza. At first, a brief introduction is given on the function of various classes of activating DAMPs and counterbalancing suppressing DAMPs (SAMPs) in initiating controlled inflammation-promoting and inflammation-resolving defense responses upon infectious and sterile insults. It is stressed that the excessive emission of DAMPs upon severe injury uncovers their fateful property in triggering dysregulated life-threatening hyperinflammatory responses. Such a scenario may happen when the viral load is too high, for example, in the respiratory tract, "forcing" many virus-infected host cells to decide to commit "suicidal" regulated cell death (e.g., necroptosis, pyroptosis) associated with release of large amounts of DAMPs: an important topic of this review. Ironically, although the aim of this "suicidal" cell death is to save and restore organismal homeostasis, the intrinsic release of excessive amounts of DAMPs leads to those dysregulated hyperinflammatory responses-as typically involved in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in respiratory viral infections. Consequently, as briefly outlined in this review, these molecules can be considered valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to monitor and evaluate the course of the viral disorder, in particular, to grasp the eventual transition precociously from a controlled defense response as observed in mild/moderate cases to a dysregulated life-threatening hyperinflammatory response as seen, for example, in severe/fatal COVID-19. Moreover, the pathogenetic involvement of these molecules qualifies them as relevant future therapeutic targets to prevent severe/ fatal outcomes. Finally, a theory is presented proposing that the superimposition of coronavirus-induced DAMPs with non-virus-induced DAMPs from other origins such as air pollution or high age may contribute to severe and fatal courses of coronavirus pneumonia.
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23
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Vorobjeva NV, Chernyak BV. NETosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Role in Physiology and Pathology. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:1178-1190. [PMID: 33202203 PMCID: PMC7590568 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NETosis is a program for formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which consist of modified chromatin decorated with bactericidal proteins from granules and cytoplasm. Various pathogens, antibodies and immune complexes, cytokines, microcrystals, and other physiological stimuli can cause NETosis. Induction of NETosis depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS), the main source of which is NADPH oxidase. Activation of NADPH oxidase depends on increase in the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm and in some cases on the generation of ROS in mitochondria. NETosis includes release of the granule components into the cytosol, modification of histones leading to chromatin decondensation, destruction of the nuclear envelope, as well as formation of pores in the plasma membrane. In this review, basic mechanisms of NETosis, as well as its role in the pathogenesis of some diseases including COVID-19 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Vorobjeva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - B V Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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24
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Yang SC, Tsai YF, Pan YL, Hwang TL. Understanding the role of neutrophils in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Biomed J 2020; 44:439-446. [PMID: 33087299 PMCID: PMC7481802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is difficult to treat and is associated with a high mortality rate. The most severe form of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also leads to life-threatening ARDS. Neutrophil counts are positively correlated with disease severity in ARDS. Neutrophil activation not only plays a significant role in immune defense against infections, but also causes tissue damage and leads to inflammatory diseases. Activated neutrophils rapidly migrate to inflamed lung tissue, releasing toxic granular contents and generating neutrophil extracellular traps. In the last few decades, it has become apparent that neutrophils occupy a central role in ARDS pathology. In this review, we summarize the neutrophil inflammatory responses and their relationships to ARDS. According to the current literature, understanding the function of neutrophils may be helpful in the treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fong Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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25
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Anderson G, Carbone A, Mazzoccoli G. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Role in Co-Ordinating SARS-CoV-2 Entry and Symptomatology: Linking Cytotoxicity Changes in COVID-19 and Cancers; Modulation by Racial Discrimination Stress. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E249. [PMID: 32867244 PMCID: PMC7564943 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is an under-recognized role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in co-ordinating the entry and pathophysiology of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that underpins the COVID-19 pandemic. The rise in pro-inflammatory cytokines during the 'cytokine storm' induce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), leading to an increase in kynurenine that activates the AhR, thereby heightening the initial pro-inflammatory cytokine phase and suppressing the endogenous anti-viral response. Such AhR-driven changes underpin the heightened severity and fatality associated with pre-existent high-risk medical conditions, such as type II diabetes, as well as to how racial discrimination stress contributes to the raised severity/fatality in people from the Black Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities. The AhR is pivotal in modulating mitochondrial metabolism and co-ordinating specialized, pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), the melatonergic pathways, acetyl-coenzyme A, and the cyclooxygenase (COX) 2-prostaglandin (PG) E2 pathway that underpin 'exhaustion' in the endogenous anti-viral cells, paralleling similar metabolic suppression in cytolytic immune cells that is evident across all cancers. The pro-inflammatory cytokine induced gut permeability/dysbiosis and suppression of pineal melatonin are aspects of the wider pathophysiological underpinnings regulated by the AhR. This has a number of prophylactic and treatment implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection and cancers and future research directions that better investigate the biological underpinnings of social processes and how these may drive health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 1PB, UK;
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy;
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26
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Gautam S, Stahl Y, Young GM, Howell R, Cohen AJ, Tsang DA, Martin T, Sharma L, Dela Cruz CS. Quantification of bronchoalveolar neutrophil extracellular traps and phagocytosis in murine pneumonia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L661-L669. [PMID: 32783617 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00316.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a resurgence in neutrophil research, inspired in part by the discovery of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and their myriad roles in health and disease. Within the lung, dysregulation of neutrophils and NETosis have been linked to an array of diseases including pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and severe asthma. However, our understanding of pathologic neutrophil responses in the lung remains incomplete. Two methodologic issues have contributed to this gap: first, an emphasis on studying neutrophils from blood rather than the lung and second, the technical difficulties of interrogating neutrophil responses in mice, which has largely restricted basic murine research to specialized laboratories. To address these limitations, we have developed a suite of techniques for studying neutrophil effector functions specifically in the mouse lung. These include ex vivo assays for phagocytosis and NETosis using bronchoalveolar neutrophils and in situ evaluation of NETosis in a murine model of pneumonia. Throughout, we have prioritized technical ease and robust, quantitative readouts. We hope these assays will help to standardize research on lung neutrophils and improve accessibility to this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Gautam
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yannick Stahl
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Grant M Young
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rebecca Howell
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Avi J Cohen
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Derek A Tsang
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tommy Martin
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale School of Medicine, Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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27
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Mehta P, Porter JC, Manson JJ, Isaacs JD, Openshaw PJM, McInnes IB, Summers C, Chambers RC. Therapeutic blockade of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation: challenges and opportunities. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2020; 8:822-830. [PMID: 32559419 PMCID: PMC7834476 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health crisis, with considerable mortality and morbidity exerting pressure on health-care resources, including critical care. An excessive host inflammatory response in a subgroup of patients with severe COVID-19 might contribute to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiorgan failure. Timely therapeutic intervention with immunomodulation in patients with hyperinflammation could prevent disease progression to ARDS and obviate the need for invasive ventilation. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an immunoregulatory cytokine with a pivotal role in initiation and perpetuation of inflammatory diseases. GM-CSF could link T-cell-driven acute pulmonary inflammation with an autocrine, self-amplifying cytokine loop leading to monocyte and macrophage activation. This axis has been targeted in cytokine storm syndromes and chronic inflammatory disorders. Here, we consider the scientific rationale for therapeutic targeting of GM-CSF in COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation. Since GM-CSF also has a key role in homoeostasis and host defence, we discuss potential risks associated with inhibition of GM-CSF in the context of viral infection and the challenges of doing clinical trials in this setting, highlighting in particular the need for a patient risk-stratification algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Mehta
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK; Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Joanna C Porter
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica J Manson
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - John D Isaacs
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Peter J M Openshaw
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Rachel C Chambers
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
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28
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Almatroodi SA, Almatroudi A, Alsahli MA, Aljasir MA, Syed MA, Rahmani AH. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), an Active Compound of Green Tea Attenuates Acute Lung Injury Regulating Macrophage Polarization and Krüpple-Like-Factor 4 (KLF4) Expression. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122853. [PMID: 32575718 PMCID: PMC7356789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are serious clinical complications with a high frequency of morbidity and mortality. The initiation and amplification of inflammation is a well-known aspect in the pathogenesis of ALI and related disorders. Therefore, inhibition of the inflammatory mediators could be an ideal approach to prevent ALI. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major constituent of green tea, has been shown to have protective effects on oxidative damage and anti-inflammation. The goal of the present study was to determine whether EGCG improves phenotype and macrophage polarisation in LPS-induced ALI. C57BL/6 mice were given two doses of EGCG (15 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (IP) 1 h before and 3 h after LPS instillation (2 mg/kg). EGCG treatment improved histopathological lesions, Total Leucocyte count (TLC), neutrophils infiltration, wet/dry ratio, total proteins and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in LPS-induced lung injury. The results displayed that EGCG reduced LPS-induced ALI as it modulates macrophage polarisation towards M2 status. Furthermore, EGCG also reduced the expression of proinflammatory M1 mediators iNOS TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the LPS administered lung microenvironment. In addition, it increased the expression of KLF4, Arg1 and ym1, known to augment the M2 phenotype of macrophages. EGCG also alleviated the expression of 8-OHdG, nitrotyrosine, showing its ability to inhibit oxidative damage. TREM1 in the lung tissue and improved lung regenerative capacity by enhancing Ki67, PCNA and Ang-1 protein expression. Together, these results proposed the protective properties of EGCG against LPS-induced ALI in may be attributed to the suppression of M1/M2 macrophages subtype ratio, KLF4 augmentation, lung cell regeneration and regulating oxidative damage in the LPS-induced murine ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A. Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (A.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (A.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohammed A. Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (A.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad A. Aljasir
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (A.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (A.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Lodge KM, Cowburn AS, Li W, Condliffe AM. The Impact of Hypoxia on Neutrophil Degranulation and Consequences for the Host. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041183. [PMID: 32053993 PMCID: PMC7072819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key effector cells of innate immunity, rapidly recruited to defend the host against invading pathogens. Neutrophils may kill pathogens intracellularly, following phagocytosis, or extracellularly, by degranulation and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps; all of these microbicidal strategies require the deployment of cytotoxic proteins and proteases, packaged during neutrophil development within cytoplasmic granules. Neutrophils operate in infected and inflamed tissues, which can be profoundly hypoxic. Neutrophilic infiltration of hypoxic tissues characterises a myriad of acute and chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases, and as well as potentially protecting the host from pathogens, neutrophil granule products have been implicated in causing collateral tissue damage in these scenarios. This review discusses the evidence for the enhanced secretion of destructive neutrophil granule contents observed in hypoxic environments and the potential mechanisms for this heightened granule exocytosis, highlighting implications for the host. Understanding the dichotomy of the beneficial and detrimental consequences of neutrophil degranulation in hypoxic environments is crucial to inform potential neutrophil-directed therapeutics in order to limit persistent, excessive, or inappropriate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M. Lodge
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK; (K.M.L.); (A.S.C.)
| | - Andrew S. Cowburn
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK; (K.M.L.); (A.S.C.)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK;
| | - Alison M. Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- Correspondence:
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