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Chitnis T, Qureshi F, Gehman VM, Becich M, Bove R, Cree BAC, Gomez R, Hauser SL, Henry RG, Katrib A, Lokhande H, Paul A, Caillier SJ, Santaniello A, Sattarnezhad N, Saxena S, Weiner H, Yano H, Baranzini SE. Inflammatory and neurodegenerative serum protein biomarkers increase sensitivity to detect clinical and radiographic disease activity in multiple sclerosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4297. [PMID: 38769309 PMCID: PMC11106245 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted nature of multiple sclerosis requires quantitative biomarkers that can provide insights related to diverse physiological pathways. To this end, proteomic analysis of deeply-phenotyped serum samples, biological pathway modeling, and network analysis were performed to elucidate inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, identifying sensitive biomarkers of multiple sclerosis disease activity. Here, we evaluated the concentrations of > 1400 serum proteins in 630 samples from three multiple sclerosis cohorts for association with clinical and radiographic new disease activity. Twenty proteins were associated with increased clinical and radiographic multiple sclerosis disease activity for inclusion in a custom assay panel. Serum neurofilament light chain showed the strongest univariate correlation with gadolinium lesion activity, clinical relapse status, and annualized relapse rate. Multivariate modeling outperformed univariate for all endpoints. A comprehensive biomarker panel including the twenty proteins identified in this study could serve to characterize disease activity for a patient with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Riley Bove
- Department of Neurology. Weill Institute for Neurosciences. University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce A C Cree
- Department of Neurology. Weill Institute for Neurosciences. University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Refujia Gomez
- Department of Neurology. Weill Institute for Neurosciences. University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen L Hauser
- Department of Neurology. Weill Institute for Neurosciences. University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roland G Henry
- Department of Neurology. Weill Institute for Neurosciences. University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Anu Paul
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacy J Caillier
- Department of Neurology. Weill Institute for Neurosciences. University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Santaniello
- Department of Neurology. Weill Institute for Neurosciences. University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hajime Yano
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sergio E Baranzini
- Department of Neurology. Weill Institute for Neurosciences. University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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2
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Teunissen CE. Proteomics Analysis Moves the Needle by Generating Clinical Diagnostic Markers. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2024; 11:e200256. [PMID: 38684037 PMCID: PMC11057433 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Teunissen
- From the Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Hinsinger G, Du Trieu De Terdonck L, Urbach S, Salvetat N, Rival M, Galoppin M, Ripoll C, Cezar R, Laurent-Chabalier S, Demattei C, Agherbi H, Castelnovo G, Lehmann S, Rigau V, Marin P, Thouvenot E. CD138 as a Specific CSF Biomarker of Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2024; 11:e200230. [PMID: 38669615 PMCID: PMC11057439 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify novel biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis and prognosis, addressing the critical need for specific and prognostically valuable markers in the field. METHODS We conducted an extensive proteomic investigation, combining analysis of (1) CSF proteome from symptomatic controls, fast and slow converters after clinically isolated syndromes, and patients with relapsing-remitting MS (n = 10 per group) using label-free quantitative proteomics and (2) oligodendrocyte secretome changes under proinflammatory or proapoptotic conditions using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture. Proteins exhibiting differential abundance in both proteomic analyses were combined with other putative MS biomarkers, yielding a comprehensive list of 87 proteins that underwent quantification through parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) in a novel cohort, comprising symptomatic controls, inflammatory neurologic disease controls, and patients with MS at various disease stages (n = 10 per group). The 11 proteins that passed this qualification step were subjected to a new PRM assay within an expanded cohort comprising 158 patients with either MS at different disease stages or other inflammatory or noninflammatory neurologic disease controls. RESULTS This study unveiled a promising biomarker signature for MS, including previously established candidates, such as chitinase 3-like protein 1, chitinase 3-like protein 2, chitotriosidase, immunoglobulin kappa chain region C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and CD27. In addition, we identified novel markers, namely cat eye syndrome critical region protein 1 (adenosine deaminase 2, a therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis) and syndecan-1, a proteoglycan, also known as plasma cell surface marker CD138 and acting as chitinase 3-like protein 1 receptor implicated in inflammation and cancer signaling. CD138 exhibited good diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing MS from inflammatory neurologic disorders (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.85, CI 0.75-0.95). CD138 immunostaining was also observed in the brains of patients with MS and cultured oligodendrocyte precursor cells but was absent in astrocytes. DISCUSSION These findings identify CD138 as a specific CSF biomarker for MS and suggest the selective activation of the chitinase 3-like protein 1/CD138 pathway within the oligodendrocyte lineage in MS. They offer promising prospects for improving MS diagnosis and prognosis by providing much-needed specificity and clinical utility. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that CD138 distinguishes multiple sclerosis from other inflammatory neurologic disorders with an AUC of 0.85 (95% CI 0.75-0.95).
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Hinsinger
- From the IGF (G.H., L.D.T.D.T., S.U., M.R., M.G., C.R., P.M., E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier; Sys2Diag (N.S.), UMR 9005 CNRS / ALCEDIAG, Montpellier; Department of Neurology (M.R., H.A., G.C., E.T.), Nîmes University Hospital; IRMB (R.C.), Université de Montpellier, INSERM; Department of Immunology (R.C.), Nîmes University Hospital; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, and Innovation in Methodology, Nîmes University Hospital, Université de Montpellier; Biochemistry Department (S.L.), Hôpital Saint-Eloi; and Department of Pathology (V.R.), Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Lucile Du Trieu De Terdonck
- From the IGF (G.H., L.D.T.D.T., S.U., M.R., M.G., C.R., P.M., E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier; Sys2Diag (N.S.), UMR 9005 CNRS / ALCEDIAG, Montpellier; Department of Neurology (M.R., H.A., G.C., E.T.), Nîmes University Hospital; IRMB (R.C.), Université de Montpellier, INSERM; Department of Immunology (R.C.), Nîmes University Hospital; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, and Innovation in Methodology, Nîmes University Hospital, Université de Montpellier; Biochemistry Department (S.L.), Hôpital Saint-Eloi; and Department of Pathology (V.R.), Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Serge Urbach
- From the IGF (G.H., L.D.T.D.T., S.U., M.R., M.G., C.R., P.M., E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier; Sys2Diag (N.S.), UMR 9005 CNRS / ALCEDIAG, Montpellier; Department of Neurology (M.R., H.A., G.C., E.T.), Nîmes University Hospital; IRMB (R.C.), Université de Montpellier, INSERM; Department of Immunology (R.C.), Nîmes University Hospital; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, and Innovation in Methodology, Nîmes University Hospital, Université de Montpellier; Biochemistry Department (S.L.), Hôpital Saint-Eloi; and Department of Pathology (V.R.), Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Nicolas Salvetat
- From the IGF (G.H., L.D.T.D.T., S.U., M.R., M.G., C.R., P.M., E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier; Sys2Diag (N.S.), UMR 9005 CNRS / ALCEDIAG, Montpellier; Department of Neurology (M.R., H.A., G.C., E.T.), Nîmes University Hospital; IRMB (R.C.), Université de Montpellier, INSERM; Department of Immunology (R.C.), Nîmes University Hospital; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, and Innovation in Methodology, Nîmes University Hospital, Université de Montpellier; Biochemistry Department (S.L.), Hôpital Saint-Eloi; and Department of Pathology (V.R.), Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Manon Rival
- From the IGF (G.H., L.D.T.D.T., S.U., M.R., M.G., C.R., P.M., E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier; Sys2Diag (N.S.), UMR 9005 CNRS / ALCEDIAG, Montpellier; Department of Neurology (M.R., H.A., G.C., E.T.), Nîmes University Hospital; IRMB (R.C.), Université de Montpellier, INSERM; Department of Immunology (R.C.), Nîmes University Hospital; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, and Innovation in Methodology, Nîmes University Hospital, Université de Montpellier; Biochemistry Department (S.L.), Hôpital Saint-Eloi; and Department of Pathology (V.R.), Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Manon Galoppin
- From the IGF (G.H., L.D.T.D.T., S.U., M.R., M.G., C.R., P.M., E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier; Sys2Diag (N.S.), UMR 9005 CNRS / ALCEDIAG, Montpellier; Department of Neurology (M.R., H.A., G.C., E.T.), Nîmes University Hospital; IRMB (R.C.), Université de Montpellier, INSERM; Department of Immunology (R.C.), Nîmes University Hospital; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, and Innovation in Methodology, Nîmes University Hospital, Université de Montpellier; Biochemistry Department (S.L.), Hôpital Saint-Eloi; and Department of Pathology (V.R.), Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Chantal Ripoll
- From the IGF (G.H., L.D.T.D.T., S.U., M.R., M.G., C.R., P.M., E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier; Sys2Diag (N.S.), UMR 9005 CNRS / ALCEDIAG, Montpellier; Department of Neurology (M.R., H.A., G.C., E.T.), Nîmes University Hospital; IRMB (R.C.), Université de Montpellier, INSERM; Department of Immunology (R.C.), Nîmes University Hospital; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, and Innovation in Methodology, Nîmes University Hospital, Université de Montpellier; Biochemistry Department (S.L.), Hôpital Saint-Eloi; and Department of Pathology (V.R.), Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Renaud Cezar
- From the IGF (G.H., L.D.T.D.T., S.U., M.R., M.G., C.R., P.M., E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier; Sys2Diag (N.S.), UMR 9005 CNRS / ALCEDIAG, Montpellier; Department of Neurology (M.R., H.A., G.C., E.T.), Nîmes University Hospital; IRMB (R.C.), Université de Montpellier, INSERM; Department of Immunology (R.C.), Nîmes University Hospital; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, and Innovation in Methodology, Nîmes University Hospital, Université de Montpellier; Biochemistry Department (S.L.), Hôpital Saint-Eloi; and Department of Pathology (V.R.), Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Sabine Laurent-Chabalier
- From the IGF (G.H., L.D.T.D.T., S.U., M.R., M.G., C.R., P.M., E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier; Sys2Diag (N.S.), UMR 9005 CNRS / ALCEDIAG, Montpellier; Department of Neurology (M.R., H.A., G.C., E.T.), Nîmes University Hospital; IRMB (R.C.), Université de Montpellier, INSERM; Department of Immunology (R.C.), Nîmes University Hospital; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, and Innovation in Methodology, Nîmes University Hospital, Université de Montpellier; Biochemistry Department (S.L.), Hôpital Saint-Eloi; and Department of Pathology (V.R.), Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Christophe Demattei
- From the IGF (G.H., L.D.T.D.T., S.U., M.R., M.G., C.R., P.M., E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier; Sys2Diag (N.S.), UMR 9005 CNRS / ALCEDIAG, Montpellier; Department of Neurology (M.R., H.A., G.C., E.T.), Nîmes University Hospital; IRMB (R.C.), Université de Montpellier, INSERM; Department of Immunology (R.C.), Nîmes University Hospital; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, and Innovation in Methodology, Nîmes University Hospital, Université de Montpellier; Biochemistry Department (S.L.), Hôpital Saint-Eloi; and Department of Pathology (V.R.), Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Hanane Agherbi
- From the IGF (G.H., L.D.T.D.T., S.U., M.R., M.G., C.R., P.M., E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier; Sys2Diag (N.S.), UMR 9005 CNRS / ALCEDIAG, Montpellier; Department of Neurology (M.R., H.A., G.C., E.T.), Nîmes University Hospital; IRMB (R.C.), Université de Montpellier, INSERM; Department of Immunology (R.C.), Nîmes University Hospital; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, and Innovation in Methodology, Nîmes University Hospital, Université de Montpellier; Biochemistry Department (S.L.), Hôpital Saint-Eloi; and Department of Pathology (V.R.), Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Giovanni Castelnovo
- From the IGF (G.H., L.D.T.D.T., S.U., M.R., M.G., C.R., P.M., E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier; Sys2Diag (N.S.), UMR 9005 CNRS / ALCEDIAG, Montpellier; Department of Neurology (M.R., H.A., G.C., E.T.), Nîmes University Hospital; IRMB (R.C.), Université de Montpellier, INSERM; Department of Immunology (R.C.), Nîmes University Hospital; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, and Innovation in Methodology, Nîmes University Hospital, Université de Montpellier; Biochemistry Department (S.L.), Hôpital Saint-Eloi; and Department of Pathology (V.R.), Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- From the IGF (G.H., L.D.T.D.T., S.U., M.R., M.G., C.R., P.M., E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier; Sys2Diag (N.S.), UMR 9005 CNRS / ALCEDIAG, Montpellier; Department of Neurology (M.R., H.A., G.C., E.T.), Nîmes University Hospital; IRMB (R.C.), Université de Montpellier, INSERM; Department of Immunology (R.C.), Nîmes University Hospital; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, and Innovation in Methodology, Nîmes University Hospital, Université de Montpellier; Biochemistry Department (S.L.), Hôpital Saint-Eloi; and Department of Pathology (V.R.), Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Valérie Rigau
- From the IGF (G.H., L.D.T.D.T., S.U., M.R., M.G., C.R., P.M., E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier; Sys2Diag (N.S.), UMR 9005 CNRS / ALCEDIAG, Montpellier; Department of Neurology (M.R., H.A., G.C., E.T.), Nîmes University Hospital; IRMB (R.C.), Université de Montpellier, INSERM; Department of Immunology (R.C.), Nîmes University Hospital; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, and Innovation in Methodology, Nîmes University Hospital, Université de Montpellier; Biochemistry Department (S.L.), Hôpital Saint-Eloi; and Department of Pathology (V.R.), Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- From the IGF (G.H., L.D.T.D.T., S.U., M.R., M.G., C.R., P.M., E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier; Sys2Diag (N.S.), UMR 9005 CNRS / ALCEDIAG, Montpellier; Department of Neurology (M.R., H.A., G.C., E.T.), Nîmes University Hospital; IRMB (R.C.), Université de Montpellier, INSERM; Department of Immunology (R.C.), Nîmes University Hospital; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, and Innovation in Methodology, Nîmes University Hospital, Université de Montpellier; Biochemistry Department (S.L.), Hôpital Saint-Eloi; and Department of Pathology (V.R.), Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Eric Thouvenot
- From the IGF (G.H., L.D.T.D.T., S.U., M.R., M.G., C.R., P.M., E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier; Sys2Diag (N.S.), UMR 9005 CNRS / ALCEDIAG, Montpellier; Department of Neurology (M.R., H.A., G.C., E.T.), Nîmes University Hospital; IRMB (R.C.), Université de Montpellier, INSERM; Department of Immunology (R.C.), Nîmes University Hospital; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, and Innovation in Methodology, Nîmes University Hospital, Université de Montpellier; Biochemistry Department (S.L.), Hôpital Saint-Eloi; and Department of Pathology (V.R.), Montpellier University Hospital, France
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Mizoguchi E, Sadanaga T, Nanni L, Wang S, Mizoguchi A. Recently Updated Role of Chitinase 3-like 1 on Various Cell Types as a Major Influencer of Chronic Inflammation. Cells 2024; 13:678. [PMID: 38667293 PMCID: PMC11049018 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitinase 3-like 1 (also known as CHI3L1 or YKL-40) is a mammalian chitinase that has no enzymatic activity, but has the ability to bind to chitin, the polymer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Chitin is a component of fungi, crustaceans, arthropods including insects and mites, and parasites, but it is completely absent from mammals, including humans and mice. In general, chitin-containing organisms produce mammalian chitinases, such as CHI3L1, to protect the body from exogenous pathogens as well as hostile environments, and it was thought that it had a similar effect in mammals. However, recent studies have revealed that CHI3L1 plays a pathophysiological role by inducing anti-apoptotic activity in epithelial cells and macrophages. Under chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, many groups already confirmed that the expression of CHI3L1 is significantly induced on the apical side of epithelial cells, and activates many downstream pathways involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. In this review article, we summarize the expression of CHI3L1 under chronic inflammatory conditions in various disorders and discuss the potential roles of CHI3L1 in those disorders on various cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (T.S.); (S.W.); (A.M.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Takayuki Sadanaga
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (T.S.); (S.W.); (A.M.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Linda Nanni
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (T.S.); (S.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Atsushi Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (T.S.); (S.W.); (A.M.)
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Bauer A, Hegen H, Reindl M. Body fluid markers for multiple sclerosis and differential diagnosis from atypical demyelinating disorders. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:283-297. [PMID: 38533708 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2334849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Body fluid markers could be helpful to predict the conversion into clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) in people with a first demyelinating event of the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, biomarkers such as oligoclonal bands, which are integrated in the current MS diagnostic criteria, could assist early MS diagnosis. AREAS COVERED This review examines existing knowledge on a broad spectrum of body fluid markers in people with a first CNS demyelinating event, explores their potential to predict conversion to MS, to assess MS disease activity, as well as their utility to differentiate MS from atypical demyelinating disorders such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease. EXPERT OPINION This field of research has shown a dramatic increase of evidence, especially in the last decade. Some biomarkers are already established in clinical routine (e.g. oligoclonal bands) while others are currently implemented (e.g. kappa free light chains) or considered as breakthroughs (e.g. neurofilament light). Determination of biomarkers poses challenges for continuous monitoring, especially if exclusively detectable in cerebrospinal fluid. A handful of biomarkers are measurable in blood which holds a significant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Bauer
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Harald Hegen
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Lereim RR, Nytrova P, Guldbrandsen A, Havrdova EK, Myhr KM, Barsnes H, Berven FS. Natalizumab promotes anti-inflammatory and repair effects in multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300914. [PMID: 38527011 PMCID: PMC10962820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system leading to demyelination and axonal loss. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is commonly treated by anti-inflammatory drugs, where one of the most effective drugs to date is the monoclonal antibody natalizumab. METHODS The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome was analyzed in 56 patients with RRMS before and after natalizumab treatment, using label-free mass spectrometry and a subset of the changed proteins were verified by parallel reaction monitoring in a new cohort of 20 patients, confirming the majority of observed changes. RESULTS A total of 287 differentially abundant proteins were detected including (i) the decrease of proteins with roles in immunity, such as immunoglobulin heavy constant mu, chitinase-3-like protein 1 and chitotriosidase, (ii) an increase of proteins involved in metabolism, such as lactate dehydrogenase A and B and malate-dehydrogenase cytoplasmic, and (iii) an increase of proteins associated with the central nervous system, including lactadherin and amyloid precursor protein. Comparison with the CSF-PR database provided evidence that natalizumab counters protein changes commonly observed in RRMS. Furthermore, vitamin-D binding protein and apolipoprotein 1 and 2 were unchanged during treatment with natalizumab, implying that these may be involved in disease activity unaffected by natalizumab. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that some of the previously suggested biomarkers for MS were affected by the natalizumab treatment while others were not. Proteins not previously suggested as biomarkers were also found affected by the treatment. In sum, the results provide new information on how the natalizumab treatment impacts the CSF proteome of MS patients, and points towards processes affected by the treatment. These findings ought to be explored further to disclose potential novel disease mechanisms and predict treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhild Reehorst Lereim
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Computational Biology Unit (CBU), Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Petra Nytrova
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Astrid Guldbrandsen
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Computational Biology Unit (CBU), Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva Kubala Havrdova
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald Barsnes
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Computational Biology Unit (CBU), Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode S. Berven
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Gobena S, Admassu B, Kinde MZ, Gessese AT. Proteomics and Its Current Application in Biomedical Area: Concise Review. ScientificWorldJournal 2024; 2024:4454744. [PMID: 38404932 PMCID: PMC10894052 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4454744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomedical researchers tirelessly seek cutting-edge technologies to advance disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and therapeutic interventions, all aimed at enhancing human and animal well-being. Within this realm, proteomics stands out as a pivotal technology, focusing on extensive studies of protein composition, structure, function, and interactions. Proteomics, with its subdivisions of expression, structural, and functional proteomics, plays a crucial role in unraveling the complexities of biological systems. Various sophisticated techniques are employed in proteomics, including polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry analysis, NMR spectroscopy, protein microarray, X-ray crystallography, and Edman sequencing. These methods collectively contribute to the comprehensive understanding of proteins and their roles in health and disease. In the biomedical field, proteomics finds widespread application in cancer research and diagnosis, stem cell studies, and the diagnosis and research of both infectious and noninfectious diseases. In addition, it plays a pivotal role in drug discovery and the emerging frontier of personalized medicine. The versatility of proteomics allows researchers to delve into the intricacies of molecular mechanisms, paving the way for innovative therapeutic approaches. As infectious and noninfectious diseases continue to emerge and the field of biomedical research expands, the significance of proteomics becomes increasingly evident. Keeping abreast of the latest developments in proteomics applications becomes paramount for the development of therapeutics, translational research, and study of diverse diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of proteomics, offering a concise outline of its current applications in the biomedical domain. By doing so, it seeks to contribute to the understanding and advancement of proteomics, emphasizing its pivotal role in shaping the future of biomedical research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semira Gobena
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bemrew Admassu
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mebrie Zemene Kinde
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Tesfaye Gessese
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Kodosaki E, Watkins WJ, Loveless S, Kreft KL, Richards A, Anderson V, Hurler L, Robertson NP, Zelek WM, Tallantyre EC. Combination protein biomarkers predict multiple sclerosis diagnosis and outcomes. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:52. [PMID: 38368354 PMCID: PMC10874571 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Establishing biomarkers to predict multiple sclerosis diagnosis and prognosis has been challenging using a single biomarker approach. We hypothesised that a combination of biomarkers would increase the accuracy of prediction models to differentiate multiple sclerosis from other neurological disorders and enhance prognostication for people with multiple sclerosis. We measured 24 fluid biomarkers in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of 77 people with multiple sclerosis and 80 people with other neurological disorders, using ELISA or Single Molecule Array assays. Primary outcomes were multiple sclerosis versus any other diagnosis, time to first relapse, and time to disability milestone (Expanded Disability Status Scale 6), adjusted for age and sex. Multivariate prediction models were calculated using the area under the curve value for diagnostic prediction, and concordance statistics (the percentage of each pair of events that are correctly ordered in time for each of the Cox regression models) for prognostic predictions. Predictions using combinations of biomarkers were considerably better than single biomarker predictions. The combination of cerebrospinal fluid [chitinase-3-like-1 + TNF-receptor-1 + CD27] and serum [osteopontin + MCP-1] had an area under the curve of 0.97 for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, compared to the best discriminative single marker in blood (osteopontin: area under the curve 0.84) and in cerebrospinal fluid (chitinase-3-like-1 area under the curve 0.84). Prediction for time to next relapse was optimal with a combination of cerebrospinal fluid[vitamin D binding protein + Factor I + C1inhibitor] + serum[Factor B + Interleukin-4 + C1inhibitor] (concordance 0.80), and time to Expanded Disability Status Scale 6 with cerebrospinal fluid [C9 + Neurofilament-light] + serum[chitinase-3-like-1 + CCL27 + vitamin D binding protein + C1inhibitor] (concordance 0.98). A combination of fluid biomarkers has a higher accuracy to differentiate multiple sclerosis from other neurological disorders and significantly improved the prediction of the development of sustained disability in multiple sclerosis. Serum models rivalled those of cerebrospinal fluid, holding promise for a non-invasive approach. The utility of our biomarker models can only be established by robust validation in different and varied cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Kodosaki
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, WC1E6BT, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N3BG, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
| | - W John Watkins
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sam Loveless
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Karim L Kreft
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Aidan Richards
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Valerie Anderson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Lisa Hurler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Neil P Robertson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Wioleta M Zelek
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emma C Tallantyre
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.
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9
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Panyard DJ, McKetney J, Deming YK, Morrow AR, Ennis GE, Jonaitis EM, Van Hulle CA, Yang C, Sung YJ, Ali M, Kollmorgen G, Suridjan I, Bayfield A, Bendlin BB, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Cruchaga C, Carlsson CM, Johnson SC, Asthana S, Coon JJ, Engelman CD. Large-scale proteome and metabolome analysis of CSF implicates altered glucose and carbon metabolism and succinylcarnitine in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5447-5470. [PMID: 37218097 PMCID: PMC10663389 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the aggregation of proteins (amyloid beta [A] and hyperphosphorylated tau [T]) in the brain, making cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins of particular interest. METHODS We conducted a CSF proteome-wide analysis among participants of varying AT pathology (n = 137 participants; 915 proteins) with nine CSF biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. RESULTS We identified 61 proteins significantly associated with the AT category (P < 5.46 × 10-5 ) and 636 significant protein-biomarker associations (P < 6.07 × 10-6 ). Proteins from glucose and carbon metabolism pathways were enriched among amyloid- and tau-associated proteins, including malate dehydrogenase and aldolase A, whose associations with tau were replicated in an independent cohort (n = 717). CSF metabolomics identified and replicated an association of succinylcarnitine with phosphorylated tau and other biomarkers. DISCUSSION These results implicate glucose and carbon metabolic dysregulation and increased CSF succinylcarnitine levels with amyloid and tau pathology in AD. HIGHLIGHTS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome enriched for extracellular, neuronal, immune, and protein processing. Glucose/carbon metabolic pathways enriched among amyloid/tau-associated proteins. Key glucose/carbon metabolism protein associations independently replicated. CSF proteome outperformed other omics data in predicting amyloid/tau positivity. CSF metabolomics identified and replicated a succinylcarnitine-phosphorylated tau association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Panyard
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 610 Walnut Street, 707 WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
| | - Justin McKetney
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI 53506, United States of America
| | - Yuetiva K. Deming
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 610 Walnut Street, 707 WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 600 Highland Avenue, J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Autumn R. Morrow
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 610 Walnut Street, 707 WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
| | - Gilda E. Ennis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 600 Highland Avenue, J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
| | - Erin M. Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 600 Highland Avenue, J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 610 Walnut Street, 9 Floor, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
| | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 600 Highland Avenue, J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Chengran Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 600 Highland Avenue, J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 610 Walnut Street, 9 Floor, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital; 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL; London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 600 Highland Avenue, J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 610 Walnut Street, 9 Floor, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital; 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 600 Highland Avenue, J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 610 Walnut Street, 9 Floor, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital; 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 600 Highland Avenue, J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital; 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI 53506, United States of America
- Morgridge Institute for Research; Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI 53506, United States of America
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 610 Walnut Street, 707 WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
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10
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López-Gómez J, Sacristán Enciso B, Caro Miró MA, Querol Pascual MR. Clinically isolated syndrome: Diagnosis and risk of developing clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Neurologia 2023; 38:663-670. [PMID: 37858891 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In most cases, multiple sclerosis (MS) initially presents as clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Differentiating CIS from other acute or subacute neurological diseases and estimating the risk of progression to clinically definite MS is essential since presenting a second episode in a short time is associated with poorer long-term prognosis. DEVELOPMENT We conducted a literature review to evaluate the usefulness of different variables in improving diagnostic accuracy and predicting progression from CIS to MS, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and such biofluid markers as oligoclonal IgG and IgM bands, lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands in the CSF, CSF kappa free light-chain (KFLC) index, neurofilament light chain (NfL) in the CSF and serum, and chitinase 3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) in the CSF and serum. CONCLUSIONS Codetection of oligoclonal IgG bands and MRI lesions reduces diagnostic delays and suggests a high risk of CIS progression to MS. A KFLC index > 10.6 and CSF NfL concentrations > 1150 ng/L indicate that CIS is more likely to progress to MS within one year (40%-50%); 90% of patients with CIS and serum CHI3L1 levels > 33 ng/mL and 100% of those with lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands present MS within one year of CIS onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- J López-Gómez
- Unidad de Proteínas, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - B Sacristán Enciso
- Sección de Proteínas y Autoinmunidad, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital de Mérida, Badajoz, Spain
| | - M A Caro Miró
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain
| | - M R Querol Pascual
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain
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11
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Gill AJ, Schorr EM, Gadani SP, Calabresi PA. Emerging imaging and liquid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250228. [PMID: 37194443 PMCID: PMC10524168 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The advent of highly effective disease modifying therapy has transformed the landscape of multiple sclerosis (MS) care over the last two decades. However, there remains a critical, unmet need for sensitive and specific biomarkers to aid in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment monitoring, and the development of new interventions, particularly for people with progressive disease. This review evaluates the current data for several emerging imaging and liquid biomarkers in people with MS. MRI findings such as the central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesions may improve MS diagnostic accuracy and evaluation of therapy efficacy in progressive disease. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of several neuroglial proteins, such as neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein, show potential to be sensitive biomarkers of pathologic processes such as neuro-axonal injury or glial-inflammation. Additional promising biomarkers, including optical coherence tomography, cytokines and chemokines, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles/exosomes, are also reviewed, among others. Beyond their potential integration into MS clinical care and interventional trials, several of these biomarkers may be informative of MS pathogenesis and help elucidate novel targets for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Gill
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Emily M. Schorr
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Sachin P. Gadani
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Peter A. Calabresi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, US
- Department of Neuroscience, Baltimore, MD, US
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baltimore, MD, US
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12
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Chitnis T, Qureshi F, Gehman VM, Becich M, Bove R, Cree BAC, Gomez R, Hauser SL, Henry RG, Katrib A, Lokhande H, Paul A, Caillier SJ, Santaniello A, Sattarnezhad N, Saxena S, Weiner H, Yano H, Baranzini SE. Inflammatory and neurodegenerative serum protein biomarkers increase sensitivity to detect disease activity in multiple sclerosis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.28.23291157. [PMID: 37461671 PMCID: PMC10350151 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.23291157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Background/Objectives Serum proteomic analysis of deeply-phenotyped samples, biological pathway modeling and network analysis were performed to elucidate the inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes of multiple sclerosis (MS) and identify sensitive biomarkers of MS disease activity (DA). Methods Over 1100 serum proteins were evaluated in >600 samples from three MS cohorts to identify biomarkers of clinical and radiographic (gadolinium-enhancing lesions) new MS DA. Protein levels were analyzed and associated with presence of gadolinium-enhancing lesions, clinical relapse status (CRS), and annualized relapse rate (ARR) to create a custom assay panel. Results Twenty proteins were associated with increased clinical and radiographic MS DA. Serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) showed the strongest univariate correlation with radiographic and clinical DA measures. Multivariate modeling significantly outperformed univariate NfL to predict gadolinium lesion activity, CRS and ARR. Discussion These findings provide insight regarding correlations between inflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers and clinical and radiographic MS DA. Funding Octave Bioscience, Inc (Menlo Park, CA).
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13
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Li F, Liu A, Zhao M, Luo L. Astrocytic Chitinase-3-like protein 1 in neurological diseases: Potential roles and future perspectives. J Neurochem 2023; 165:772-790. [PMID: 37026513 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a secreted glycoprotein characterized by its ability to regulate multiple biological processes, such as the inflammatory response and gene transcriptional signaling activation. Abnormal CHI3L1 expression has been associated with multiple neurological disorders and serves as a biomarker for the early detection of several neurodegenerative diseases. Aberrant CHI3L1 expression is also reportedly associated with brain tumor migration and metastasis, as well as contributions to immune escape, playing important roles in brain tumor progression. CHI3L1 is synthesized and secreted mainly by reactive astrocytes in the central nervous system. Thus, targeting astrocytic CHI3L1 could be a promising approach for the treatment of neurological diseases, such as traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and glioma. Based on current knowledge of CHI3L1, we assume that it acts as a molecule mediating several signaling pathways driving the initiation and progression of neurological disorders. This narrative review is the first to introduce the potential roles of astrocytic CHI3L1 in neurological disorders. We also equally explore astrocytic CHI3L1 mRNA expression under physiological and pathological conditions. Inhibiting CHI3L1 and disrupting its interaction with its receptors through multiple mechanisms of action are briefly discussed. These endeavors highlight the pivotal roles of astrocytic CHI3L1 in neurological disorders and could contribute to the development of effective inhibitors based on the strategy of structure-based drug discovery, which could be an attractive therapeutic approach for neurological disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital of 92880 Troops, PLA Navy, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - An Liu
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minggao Zhao
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Lanxin Luo
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
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14
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Russo C, Valle MS, Casabona A, Malaguarnera L. Chitinase Signature in the Plasticity of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076301. [PMID: 37047273 PMCID: PMC10094409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several reports have pointed out that Chitinases are expressed and secreted by various cell types of central nervous system (CNS), including activated microglia and astrocytes. These cells play a key role in neuroinflammation and in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders. Increased levels of Chitinases, in particular Chitotriosidase (CHIT-1) and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), have been found increased in several neurodegenerative disorders. Although having important biological roles in inflammation, to date, the molecular mechanisms of Chitinase involvement in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders is not well-elucidated. Several studies showed that some Chitinases could be assumed as markers for diagnosis, prognosis, activity, and severity of a disease and therefore can be helpful in the choice of treatment. However, some studies showed controversial results. This review will discuss the potential of Chitinases in the pathogenesis of some neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, to understand their role as distinctive biomarkers of neuronal cell activity during neuroinflammatory processes. Knowledge of the role of Chitinases in neuronal cell activation could allow for the development of new methodologies for downregulating neuroinflammation and consequently for diminishing negative neurological disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Russo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Valle
- Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonino Casabona
- Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Malaguarnera
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Pomary PK, Eichau S, Amigó N, Barrios L, Matesanz F, García-Valdecasas M, Hrom I, García Sánchez MI, Garcia-Martin ML. Multifaceted Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum from Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Potential Role of Vitamin C and Metal Ion Imbalance in the Divergence of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:743-757. [PMID: 36720471 PMCID: PMC9990127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) primary progressive MS (PPMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) are clinically distinguished by the rate at which symptoms worsen. Little is however known about the pathological mechanisms underlying the differential rate of accumulation of pathological changes. In this study, 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to measure low-molecular-weight metabolites in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of PPMS, SPMS, and control patients, as well as to determine lipoproteins and glycoproteins in serum samples. Additionally, neurodegenerative and inflammatory markers, neurofilament light (NFL) and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), and the concentration of seven metal elements, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, and Ca, were also determined in both CSF and serum. The results indicate that the pathological changes associated with progressive MS are mainly localized in the central nervous system (CNS). More so, PPMS and SPMS patients with comparable disability status are pathologically similar in relation to neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and some metabolites that distinguish them from controls. However, the rapid progression of PPMS from the onset may be driven by a combination of neurotoxicity induced by heavy metals coupled with diminished CNS antioxidative capacity associated with differential intrathecal ascorbate retention and imbalance of Mg and Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precious Kwadzo Pomary
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, C/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Sara Eichau
- Unidad de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Macarena, Av. Dr. Fedriani, 3, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Núria Amigó
- Biosfer Teslab, 43201 Reus, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, CIBERDEM, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Barrios
- Statistics Department, Computing Center (SGAI-CSIC), Pinar 19, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Fuencisla Matesanz
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina ″Lopez-Neyra″, Avda. del Conocimiento 17. P. T. Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Marta García-Valdecasas
- Unidad de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Macarena, Av. Dr. Fedriani, 3, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ioana Hrom
- Unidad de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Macarena, Av. Dr. Fedriani, 3, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Isabel García Sánchez
- Unidad de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Macarena, Av. Dr. Fedriani, 3, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Garcia-Martin
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, C/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Málaga, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 29590 Málaga, Spain
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Anwar MM, Fathi MH. Early approaches of YKL-40 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2023; 13:85-99. [PMID: 36644988 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2022-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate whether the estimation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain YKL-40 levels may be used as an efficient biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was injected into the right substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Rats were divided into: control group, early LPS-induced PD group (14 days), and advanced LPS-induced PD group (28 days). YKL-40 and other related factors were detected in CSF and brain tissue. Results: Increased expression of YKL-40 was observed in brain tissue and CSF of PD-induced rats associated with triggered inflammatory cytokine release. Conclusion: The current study was limited to detecting YKL-40 and other inflammatory factors in brain and CSF. YKL-40 may be considered as an early biomarker and therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control & Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Fathi
- Department of Nucleic Acid & Protein structure, Center of Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Cairo, Egypt
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Ahmad I, Wergeland S, Oveland E, Bø L. An Association of Chitinase-3 Like-Protein-1 With Neuronal Deterioration in Multiple Sclerosis. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231198980. [PMID: 38062768 PMCID: PMC10710113 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231198980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of Chitinase-3-like protein-1 (CHI3L1) in cerebrospinal fluid have previously been linked to inflammatory activity and disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This study aimed to investigate the presence of CHI3L1 in the brains of MS patients and in the cuprizone model in mice (CPZ), a model of toxic/metabolic demyelination and remyelination in different brain areas. In MS gray matter (GM), CHI3L1 was detected primarily in astrocytes and in a subset of pyramidal neurons. In neurons, CHI3L1 immunopositivity was associated with lipofuscin-like substance accumulation, a sign of cellular aging that can lead to cell death. The density of CHI3L1-positive neurons was found to be significantly higher in normal-appearing MS GM tissue compared to that of control subjects (p = .014). In MS white matter (WM), CHI3L1 was detected in astrocytes located within lesion areas, as well as in perivascular normal-appearing areas and in phagocytic cells from the initial phases of lesion development. In the CPZ model, the density of CHI3L1-positive cells was strongly associated with microglial activation in the WM and choroid plexus inflammation. Compared to controls, CHI3L1 immunopositivity in WM was increased from an early phase of CPZ exposure. In the GM, CHI3L1 immunopositivity increased later in the CPZ exposure phase, particularly in the deep GM region. These results indicate that CHI3L1 is associated with neuronal deterioration, pre-lesion pathology, along with inflammation in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intakhar Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stig Wergeland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian MS-registry and biobank, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eystein Oveland
- Proteomics Unit at the University of Bergen (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Marine Research, IMR, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Bø
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Novel CSF Biomarkers Tracking Autoimmune Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Aspects of CNS Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:diagnostics13010073. [PMID: 36611365 PMCID: PMC9818715 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis of neuroinflammatory (NIDs) and neurodegenerative (NDDs) diseases and the stratification of patients into disease subgroups with distinct disease-related characteristics that reflect the underlying pathology represents an unmet clinical need that is of particular interest in the era of emerging disease-modifying therapies (DMT). Proper patient selection for clinical trials and identifying those in the prodromal stages of the diseases or those at high risk will pave the way for precision medicine approaches and halt neuroinflammation and/or neurodegeneration in early stages where this is possible. Towards this direction, novel cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker candidates were developed to reflect the diseased organ's pathology better. Μisfolded protein accumulation, microglial activation, synaptic dysfunction, and finally, neuronal death are some of the pathophysiological aspects captured by these biomarkers to support proper diagnosis and screening. We also describe advances in the field of molecular biomarkers, including miRNAs and extracellular nucleic acids known as cell-free DNA and mitochondrial DNA molecules. Here we review the most important of these novel CSF biomarkers of NIDs and NDDs, focusing on their involvement in disease development and emphasizing their ability to define homogeneous disease phenotypes and track potential treatment outcomes that can be mirrored in the CSF compartment.
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Rival M, Thouvenot E, Du Trieu de Terdonck L, Laurent-Chabalier S, Demattei C, Uygunoglu U, Castelnovo G, Cohen M, Okuda DT, Kantarci OH, Pelletier D, Azevedo C, Marin P, Lehmann S, Siva A, Mura T, Lebrun-Frenay C. Neurofilament Light Chain Levels Are Predictive of Clinical Conversion in Radiologically Isolated Syndrome. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 10:10/1/e200044. [PMID: 36280258 PMCID: PMC9621336 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the predictive value of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and CSF NfL (cNfL) in patients with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) for evidence of disease activity (EDA) and clinical conversion (CC). METHODS sNfL and cNfL were measured at RIS diagnosis by single-molecule array (Simoa). The risk of EDA and CC according to sNfL and cNfL was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression models including age, spinal cord (SC) or infratentorial lesions, oligoclonal bands, CSF chitinase 3-like protein 1, and CSF white blood cells. RESULTS Sixty-one patients with RIS were included. At diagnosis, sNfL and cNfL were correlated (Spearman r = 0.78, p < 0.001). During follow-up, 47 patients with RIS showed EDA and 36 patients showed CC (median time 12.6 months, 1-86). When compared with low levels, medium and high cNfL (>260 pg/mL) and sNfL (>5.0 pg/mL) levels were predictive of EDA (log rank, p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Medium-high cNfL levels were predictive of CC (log rank, p < 0.01). In Cox regression models, cNfL and sNfL were independent factors of EDA, while SC lesions, cNfL, and sNfL were independent factors of CC. DISCUSSION cNfL >260 pg/mL and sNfL >5.0 pg/mL at diagnosis are independent predictive factors of EDA and CC in RIS. Although cNfL predicts disease activity better, sNfL is more accessible than cNfL and can be considered when a lumbar puncture is not performed. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that in people with radiologic isolated syndrome (RIS), initial serum and CSF NfL levels are associated with subsequent evidence of disease activity or clinical conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Rival
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France
| | - Eric Thouvenot
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France.
| | - Lucile Du Trieu de Terdonck
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France
| | - Sabine Laurent-Chabalier
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France
| | - Christophe Demattei
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France
| | - Ugur Uygunoglu
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France
| | - Giovanni Castelnovo
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France
| | - Mikael Cohen
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France
| | - Darin T Okuda
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France
| | - Orhun H Kantarci
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France
| | - Daniel Pelletier
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France
| | - Christina Azevedo
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France
| | - Aksel Siva
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France
| | - Thibault Mura
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France
| | - Christine Lebrun-Frenay
- From the Department of Neurology (M.R., E.T., G.C.), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier; Functional Genomics Institute (M.R., E.T., L.D.T.T., P.M.), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Department of Biostatistics (S.L.-C., C.D., T.M.), Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methdology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, France; Department of Neurology (U.U., A.S.), Cerrahpasa School of Medecine, University of Istanbul, Turkey; Centre de Ressources et Compétences Sclérose En Plaques (CRCSEP) (M.C., C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Université Côte d'Azur, UR2CA-URRIS, France; UT Southwestern Medical Center (D.T.O.), Dallas, TX; Mayo Clinic (O.H.K.), Rochester, MN; University of South California (D.P., C.A.), Los Angeles; and LBPC-PPC (S.L.), Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM, INSERM, France
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Kaisey M, Lashgari G, Fert-Bober J, Ontaneda D, Solomon AJ, Sicotte NL. An Update on Diagnostic Laboratory Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2022; 22:675-688. [PMID: 36269540 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-022-01227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For many patients, the multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnostic process can be lengthy, costly, and fraught with error. Recent research aims to address the unmet need for an accurate and simple diagnostic process through discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers. This review summarizes recent studies on MS diagnostic fluid biomarkers, with a focus on blood biomarkers, and includes discussion of technical limitations and practical applicability. RECENT FINDINGS This line of research is in its early days. Accurate and easily obtainable biomarkers for MS have not yet been identified and validated, but several approaches to uncover them are underway. Continue efforts to define laboratory diagnostic biomarkers are likely to play an increasingly important role in defining MS at the earliest stages, leading to better long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Kaisey
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurology, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Ghazal Lashgari
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurology, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurology, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Daniel Ontaneda
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave. U10 Mellen Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Andrew J Solomon
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont University Health Center, Arnold 2, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Nancy L Sicotte
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurology, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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21
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Dynamics of Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Biomarkers after Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810946. [PMID: 36142860 PMCID: PMC9503241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is a highly efficient treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), and hence it likely normalizes pathological and/or enhances beneficial processes in MS. The disease pathomechanisms include neuroinflammation, glial cell activation and neuronal damage. We studied biomarkers that in part reflect these, like markers for neuroinflammation (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 9, CXCL10, CXCL13, and chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1)), glial perturbations (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and in part CHI3L1), and neurodegeneration (neurofilament light chain (NfL)) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and single-molecule array assay (SIMOA) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 32 MS patients that underwent aHSCT. We sampled before and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after aHSCT for serum, as well as before and 24 months after aHSCT for CSF. We found a strong increase of serum CXCL10, NfL and GFAP one month after the transplantation, which normalized one and two years post-aHSCT. CXCL10 was particularly increased in patients that experienced reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, but not those with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation. Furthermore, patients with CMV reactivation showed increased Th1 phenotype in effector memory CD4+ T cells. Changes of the other serum markers were more subtle with a trend for an increase in serum CXCL9 early post-aHSCT. In CSF, GFAP levels were increased 24 months after aHSCT, which may indicate sustained astroglia activation 24 months post-aHSCT. Other CSF markers remained largely stable. We conclude that MS-related biomarkers indicate neurotoxicity early after aHSCT that normalizes after one year while astrocyte activation appears increased beyond that, and increased serum CXCL10 likely does not reflect inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS) but rather occurs in the context of CMV reactivation or other infections post-aHSCT.
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A Scoping Review on Body Fluid Biomarkers for Prognosis and Disease Activity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091430. [PMID: 36143216 PMCID: PMC9501898 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, presenting with different clinical forms, including clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), which is a first clinical episode suggestive of demyelination. Several molecules have been proposed as prognostic biomarkers in MS. We aimed to perform a scoping review of the potential use of prognostic biomarkers in MS clinical practice. We searched MEDLINE up to 25 November 2021 for review articles assessing body fluid biomarkers for prognostic purposes, including any type of biomarkers, cell types and tissues. Original articles were obtained to confirm and detail the data reported by the review authors. We evaluated the reliability of the biomarkers based on the sample size used by various studies. Fifty-two review articles were included. We identified 110 molecules proposed as prognostic biomarkers. Only six studies had an adequate sample size to explore the risk of conversion from CIS to MS. These confirm the role of oligoclonal bands, immunoglobulin free light chain and chitinase CHI3L1 in CSF and of serum vitamin D in the prediction of conversion from CIS to clinically definite MS. Other prognostic markers are not yet explored in adequately powered samples. Serum and CSF levels of neurofilaments represent a promising biomarker.
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23
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Serin M, Kara P. Biosensing strategies (approaches) for diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis. Talanta 2022; 252:123794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang S, Mao C, Li X, Miao W, Teng J. Advances in Potential Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:746653. [PMID: 35937071 PMCID: PMC9355282 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.746653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a severe inflammatory disease of the brain. Patients with AE demonstrate amnesia, seizures, and psychosis. Recent studies have identified numerous associated autoantibodies (e.g., against NMDA receptors (NMDARs), LGI1, etc.) involved in the pathogenesis of AE, and the levels of diagnosis and treatment are thus improved dramatically. However, there are drawbacks of clinical diagnosis and treatment based solely on antibody levels, and thus the application of additional biomarkers is urgently needed. Considering the important role of immune mechanisms in AE development, we summarize the relevant research progress in identifying cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers with a focus on cytokines/chemokines, demyelination, and nerve damage.
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Floro S, Carandini T, Pietroboni AM, De Riz MA, Scarpini E, Galimberti D. Role of Chitinase 3-like 1 as a Biomarker in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:9/4/e1164. [PMID: 35534236 PMCID: PMC9128043 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease confined in the CNS, and its course is frequently subtle and variable. Therefore, predictive biomarkers are needed. In this scenario, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the reliability of chitinase 3-like 1 as a biomarker of MS. METHODS Research through the main scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) published from January 2010 to December 2020 was performed using the following keywords: "chitinase 3-like 1 and multiple sclerosis" and "YKL40 and multiple sclerosis." Articles were selected according to the 2020 updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines by 2 authors independently, and data were extracted; 20 of the 90 studies screened were included in the meta-analysis. The main efficacy measure was represented by the standardized mean difference of CSF and blood CHI3L1 levels; Review Manager version 5.4 and R software applications were used for analysis. RESULTS Higher levels of CHI3L1 were found in CSF of 673 patients with MS compared with 336 healthy controls (size-weighted mean difference [SMD] 50.88; 95% CI = 44.98-56.79; p < 0.00001) and in 461 patients with MS than 283 patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) (SMD 28.18; 95% CI = 23.59-32.76; p < 0.00001). Mean CSF CHI3L1 levels were significantly higher in 561 converting than 445 nonconverting CIS (SMD 30.6; 95% CI = 28.31-32.93; p < 0.00001). CSF CHI3L1 levels were significantly higher in patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS) than in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) (SMD 43.15; 95% CI = 24.41-61.90; p < 0.00001) and in patients with secondary progressive MS (SMD 41.86 with 95% CI = 32.39-51.33; p < 0.00001). CSF CHI3L1 levels in 407 patients with MS during remission phase of disease were significantly higher than those in 395 patients with MS with acute relapse (SMD 10.48; 95% CI = 08.51-12.44; p < 0.00001). The performances of CHI3L1 in blood for differentiating patients with MS from healthy controls were not significant (SMD 0.48; 95% CI = -1.18 to 2.14; p: 0.57). DISCUSSION CSF levels of CHI3L1 have a strong correlation with the MS pathologic course, in particular with the mechanism of progression of the disease; it helps to distinguish the PPMS from the RRMS. The potential role of CHI3L1 in serum needs to be further studied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Floro
- From the Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (S.F., T.C., A.M.P., M.A.D.R., E.S., D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico; and University of Milan (S.F., E.S., D.G.), Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Carandini
- From the Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (S.F., T.C., A.M.P., M.A.D.R., E.S., D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico; and University of Milan (S.F., E.S., D.G.), Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Margherita Pietroboni
- From the Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (S.F., T.C., A.M.P., M.A.D.R., E.S., D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico; and University of Milan (S.F., E.S., D.G.), Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Alessandra De Riz
- From the Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (S.F., T.C., A.M.P., M.A.D.R., E.S., D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico; and University of Milan (S.F., E.S., D.G.), Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- From the Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (S.F., T.C., A.M.P., M.A.D.R., E.S., D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico; and University of Milan (S.F., E.S., D.G.), Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- From the Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (S.F., T.C., A.M.P., M.A.D.R., E.S., D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico; and University of Milan (S.F., E.S., D.G.), Milan, Italy
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Investigation of differentially expressed genes and dysregulated pathways involved in multiple sclerosis. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 131:235-259. [PMID: 35871892 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative autoimmune and organ-specific demyelinating disorder, known to affect the central nervous system (CNS). While genetic studies have revealed several critical genes and diagnostic biomarkers associated with MS, the etiology of the disease remains poorly understood. This study is aimed at screening and identifying the key genes and canonical pathways associated with MS. Gene expression profiling of the microarray dataset GSE38010 was used to analyze two control brain samples (control 1; GSM931812, control 2; GSM931813), active inflammation stage samples (CAP1; GSM931815, CAP2; GSM931816) and late subsided stage samples (CP1; GSM931817, CP2; GSM931818) collected from patients ranging between 23 and 54years and both genders. This analysis yielded a list of 58,866 DEGs (29,433 for active-inflammation stage and 29,433 for late-subsided Stage). The interactions between the DEGs were then studied using STRING, Cytoscape software, and MCODE was employed to find the genes that form clusters. Functional enrichment and integrative analysis were performed using ClueGO/CluePedia and MetaCore™. Our data revealed dysregulated key canonical pathways in MS patients. In addition, we identified three hub genes (SCN2A, HTR2A, and HCN1) that may serve as potential biomarkers for the prognosis of MS. Furthermore, the expression patterns of HPCA and PLCB1 provide insights into the progressive stages of MS, indicating that these genes could be used in predicting MS progression. We were able to map potential biomarkers that could be used for the prognosis and diagnosis of MS.
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Nazarinia D, Behzadifard M, Gholampour J, Karimi R, Gholampour M. Eotaxin-1 (CCL11) in neuroinflammatory disorders and possible role in COVID-19 neurologic complications. Acta Neurol Belg 2022; 122:865-869. [PMID: 35690992 PMCID: PMC9188656 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-01984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The related neurologic complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 patients and survivors comprise symptoms including depression, anxiety, muscle pain, dizziness, headaches, fatigue, and anosmia/hyposmia that may continue for months. Recent studies have been demonstrated that chemokines have brain-specific attraction and effects such as chemotaxis, cell adhesion, modulation of neuroendocrine functions, and neuroinflammation. CCL11 is a member of the eotaxin family that is chemotactic agents for eosinophils and participate in innate immunity. Eotaxins may exert physiological and pathological functions in the central nerve system, and CCL11 may induce neuronal cytotoxicity effects by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in microglia cells. Plasma levels of CCL11 elevated in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. COVID-19 patients display elevations in CCL11 levels. As CCL11 plays roles in physiosomatic and neuroinflammation, analyzing the level of this chemokine in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization and to predicting post-COVID-19-related neurologic complications may be worthwhile. Moreover, using chemokine modulators may be helpful in lessening the neurologic complications in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Nazarinia
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Mahin Behzadifard
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
| | - Javad Gholampour
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad Branch of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roqaye Karimi
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Gholampour
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Yang J, Hamade M, Wu Q, Wang Q, Axtell R, Giri S, Mao-Draayer Y. Current and Future Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115877. [PMID: 35682558 PMCID: PMC9180348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune disorder. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatment for the progressive form of MS, partly due to insensitive readout for neurodegeneration. The recent development of sensitive assays for neurofilament light chain (NfL) has made it a potential new biomarker in predicting MS disease activity and progression, providing an additional readout in clinical trials. However, NfL is elevated in other neurodegenerative disorders besides MS, and, furthermore, it is also confounded by age, body mass index (BMI), and blood volume. Additionally, there is considerable overlap in the range of serum NfL (sNfL) levels compared to healthy controls. These confounders demonstrate the limitations of using solely NfL as a marker to monitor disease activity in MS patients. Other blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of axonal damage, neuronal damage, glial dysfunction, demyelination, and inflammation have been studied as actionable biomarkers for MS and have provided insight into the pathology underlying the disease process of MS. However, these other biomarkers may be plagued with similar issues as NfL. Using biomarkers of a bioinformatic approach that includes cellular studies, micro-RNAs (miRNAs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), metabolomics, metabolites and the microbiome may prove to be useful in developing a more comprehensive panel that addresses the limitations of using a single biomarker. Therefore, more research with recent technological and statistical approaches is needed to identify novel and useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker tools in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yang
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.Y.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (Q.W.)
| | - Maysa Hamade
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.Y.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.Y.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.Y.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (Q.W.)
| | - Robert Axtell
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Yang Mao-Draayer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.Y.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (Q.W.)
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-615-5635
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Rzagalinski I, Bogdanova A, Raghuraman BK, Geertsma ER, Hersemann L, Ziemssen T, Shevchenko A. FastCAT Accelerates Absolute Quantification of Proteins Using Multiple Short Nonpurified Chimeric Standards. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1408-1417. [PMID: 35561006 PMCID: PMC9171895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Absolute (molar)
quantification of clinically relevant proteins
determines their reference values in liquid and solid biopsies. The
FastCAT (for Fast-track QconCAT) method employs multiple short (<50
kDa), stable-isotope labeled chimeric proteins (CPs) composed of concatenated
quantotypic (Q)-peptides representing the quantified proteins. Each
CP also comprises scrambled sequences of reference (R)-peptides that
relate its abundance to a single protein standard (bovine serum albumin,
BSA). FastCAT not only alleviates the need to purify CP or use sodium
dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) but
also improves the accuracy, precision, and dynamic range of the absolute
quantification by grouping Q-peptides according to the expected abundance
of the target proteins. We benchmarked FastCAT against the reference
method of MS Western and tested it in the direct molar quantification
of neurological markers in human cerebrospinal fluid at the low ng/mL
level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacy Rzagalinski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aliona Bogdanova
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Eric R Geertsma
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lena Hersemann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Proteomics in Multiple Sclerosis: The Perspective of the Clinician. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095162. [PMID: 35563559 PMCID: PMC9100097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects approximately 2.8 million people worldwide. In the last decade, a new era was heralded in by a new phenotypic classification, a new diagnostic protocol and the first ever therapeutic guideline, making personalized medicine the aim of MS management. However, despite this great evolution, there are still many aspects of the disease that are unknown and need to be further researched. A hallmark of these research are molecular biomarkers that could help in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of the disease. Proteomics, a rapidly evolving discipline of molecular biology may fulfill this dire need for the discovery of molecular biomarkers. In this review, we aimed to give a comprehensive summary on the utility of proteomics in the field of MS research. We reviewed the published results of the method in case of the pathogenesis of the disease and for biomarkers of diagnosis, differential diagnosis, conversion of disease courses, disease activity, progression and immunological therapy. We found proteomics to be a highly effective emerging tool that has been providing important findings in the research of MS.
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Castillo-Villalba J, Gil-Perotín S, Gasque-Rubio R, Cubas-Nuñez L, Carratalà-Boscà S, Alcalá C, Quintanilla-Bordás C, Pérez-Miralles F, Ferrer C, Cañada Martínez A, Tortosa J, Solís-Tarazona L, Campos L, Leivas A, Laíz Marro B, Casanova B. High Levels of Cerebrospinal Fluid Kappa Free Light Chains Relate to IgM Intrathecal Synthesis and Might Have Prognostic Implications in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827738. [PMID: 35330910 PMCID: PMC8940299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal kappa free light chain (KFLC)-index is a marker of intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis that aids in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little evidence exists on its prognostic role. Our aim is to analyze the relationship between KFLC-index and other MS biomarkers and to explore its prognostic role. This is a monocentric observational study in a cohort of 52 people with relapsing MS (pwRMS) performed on prospectively acquired clinical data and with retrospective evaluation of biomarkers. We measured KFLC-index, immunoglobulin intrathecal synthesis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), and neurofilament light protein (NFL) and reviewed MRI to detect leptomeningeal contrast enhancement (LMCE). We compared time to Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 3 and to initiation of high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (heDMTs) by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Median KFLC-index correlated with IgG/IgM indexes (p < 0.0001/p < 0.05) and IgG-oligoclonal bands (OCGBs) (p < 0.001). Patients with IgM-oligoclonal bands (OCMBs) had a higher KFLC-index (p = 0.049). KFLC-index was higher in patients with LMCE (p = 0.008) and correlated with CHI3L1 (p = 0.007), but disease activity had no effect on its value. Bivariate and multivariate analyses confirmed KFLC-index > 58 as an independent risk factor for reaching an EDSS of 3 (hazard ratio (HR) = 12.4; 95% CI = 1.1-147; p = 0.047) and for the need of treatment with heDMTs (HR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.2-7.1; p = 0.0013). To conclude, our data suggest a potential prognostic role of the KFLC-index during the MS course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Castillo-Villalba
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department and Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Gil-Perotín
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department and Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Gasque-Rubio
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department and Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Cubas-Nuñez
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department and Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Carratalà-Boscà
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department and Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Alcalá
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department and Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Quintanilla-Bordás
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department and Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Miralles
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department and Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Ferrer
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department and Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Cañada Martínez
- Data Science, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Tortosa
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Luisa Campos
- Scientific Department, The Binding Site Iberia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Leivas
- Scientific Department, The Binding Site Iberia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Laíz Marro
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Casanova
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department and Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Update on Multiple Sclerosis Molecular Biomarkers to Monitor Treatment Effects. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040549. [PMID: 35455665 PMCID: PMC9024668 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by broad inter- and intraindividual heterogeneity. The relapse rate, disability progression, and lesion load assessed through MRI are used to detect disease activity and response to treatment. Although it is possible to standardize these characteristics in larger patient groups, so far, this has been difficult to achieve in individual patients. Easily detectable molecular biomarkers can be powerful tools, permitting a tailored therapy approach for MS patients. However, only a few molecular biomarkers have been routinely used in clinical practice as the validation process, and their transfer into clinical practice takes a long time. This review describes the characteristics of an ideal MS biomarker, the challenges of establishing new biomarkers, and promising molecular biomarkers from blood or CSF samples used to monitor MS treatment effects in clinical practice.
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Biernacki T, Kokas Z, Sandi D, Füvesi J, Fricska-Nagy Z, Faragó P, Kincses TZ, Klivényi P, Bencsik K, Vécsei L. Emerging Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis in the Blood and the CSF: A Focus on Neurofilaments and Therapeutic Considerations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063383. [PMID: 35328802 PMCID: PMC8951485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common immune-mediated chronic neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting young people. This is due to the permanent disability, cognitive impairment, and the enormous detrimental impact MS can exert on a patient's health-related quality of life. It is of great importance to recognise it in time and commence adequate treatment at an early stage. The currently used disease-modifying therapies (DMT) aim to reduce disease activity and thus halt disability development, which in current clinical practice are monitored by clinical and imaging parameters but not by biomarkers found in blood and/or the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Both clinical and radiological measures routinely used to monitor disease activity lack information on the fundamental pathophysiological features and mechanisms of MS. Furthermore, they lag behind the disease process itself. By the time a clinical relapse becomes evident or a new lesion appears on the MRI scan, potentially irreversible damage has already occurred in the CNS. In recent years, several biomarkers that previously have been linked to other neurological and immunological diseases have received increased attention in MS. Additionally, other novel, potential biomarkers with prognostic and diagnostic properties have been detected in the CSF and blood of MS patients. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarise the most up-to-date knowledge and research conducted on the already known and most promising new biomarker candidates found in the CSF and blood of MS patients. DISCUSSION the current diagnostic criteria of MS relies on three pillars: MRI imaging, clinical events, and the presence of oligoclonal bands in the CSF (which was reinstated into the diagnostic criteria by the most recent revision). Even though the most recent McDonald criteria made the diagnosis of MS faster than the prior iteration, it is still not an infallible diagnostic toolset, especially at the very early stage of the clinically isolated syndrome. Together with the gold standard MRI and clinical measures, ancillary blood and CSF biomarkers may not just improve diagnostic accuracy and speed but very well may become agents to monitor therapeutic efficacy and make even more personalised treatment in MS a reality in the near future. The major disadvantage of these biomarkers in the past has been the need to obtain CSF to measure them. However, the recent advances in extremely sensitive immunoassays made their measurement possible from peripheral blood even when present only in minuscule concentrations. This should mark the beginning of a new biomarker research and utilisation era in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Biernacki
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Zsófia Kokas
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Dániel Sandi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Judit Füvesi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Zsanett Fricska-Nagy
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Péter Faragó
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Tamás Zsigmond Kincses
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Radiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Krisztina Bencsik
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - László Vécsei
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-545-356; Fax: +36-62-545-597
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Pachner AR. The Neuroimmunology of Multiple Sclerosis: Fictions and Facts. Front Neurol 2022; 12:796378. [PMID: 35197914 PMCID: PMC8858985 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.796378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been tremendous advances in the neuroimmunology of multiple sclerosis over the past five decades, which have led to improved diagnosis and therapy in the clinic. However, further advances must take into account an understanding of some of the complex issues in the field, particularly an appreciation of “facts” and “fiction.” Not surprisingly given the incredible complexity of both the nervous and immune systems, our understanding of the basic biology of the disease is very incomplete. This lack of understanding has led to many controversies in the field. This review identifies some of these controversies and facts/fictions with relation to the basic neuroimmunology of the disease (cells and molecules), and important clinical issues. Fortunately, the field is in a healthy transition from excessive reliance on animal models to a broader understanding of the disease in humans, which will likely lead to many improved treatments especially of the neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Pachner
- Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrew R. Pachner
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Pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases: An interplay among axonal transport failure, oxidative stress, and inflammation? Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101628. [PMID: 35779975 PMCID: PMC9807734 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are heterogeneous neurological disorders characterized by a progressive loss of selected neuronal populations. A significant risk factor for most NDs is aging. Considering the constant increase in life expectancy, NDs represent a global public health burden. Axonal transport (AT) is a central cellular process underlying the generation and maintenance of neuronal architecture and connectivity. Deficits in AT appear to be a common thread for most, if not all, NDs. Neuroinflammation has been notoriously difficult to define in relation to NDs. Inflammation is a complex multifactorial process in the CNS, which varies depending on the disease stage. Several lines of evidence suggest that AT defect, axonopathy and neuroinflammation are tightly interlaced. However, whether these impairments play a causative role in NDs or are merely a downstream effect of neuronal degeneration remains unsettled. We still lack reliable information on the temporal relationship between these pathogenic mechanisms, although several findings suggest that they may occur early during ND pathophysiology. This article will review the latest evidence emerging on whether the interplay between AT perturbations and some aspects of CNS inflammation can participate in ND etiology, analyze their potential as therapeutic targets, and the urge to identify early surrogate biomarkers.
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Dönder A, Özdemir HH. Serum YKL-40 levels in patients with multiple sclerosis. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2021; 79:795-798. [PMID: 34669813 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system. The YKL-40 protein, which is secreted from various cells that contribute to inflammation and infection, plays a role in immune regulation. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the serum YKL-40 levels of patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and MS. METHODS The participants was divided into three groups: 1) patients with CIS (n = 20); 2) patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS; n = 39); and 3) healthy individuals (n = 35). The YKL-40 levels in serum samples obtained from the participants were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassays. RESULTS The median serum YKL-40 level was 20.2 ng/mL (range 9.8-75.9 ng/mL) in the patients with CIS, 22.7 ng/mL (range 13.4-57.9 ng/mL) in the patients with RRMS and 11.0 ng/mL (range 10.0-17.3 ng/mL) in the control group (p < 0.001). The serum YKL-40 levels in the patients with RRMS were correlated with the patients' expanded disability status scale scores and ages (p < 0.05). No relationships were determined between the serum YKL-40 levels and the other variables (p > 0.05). The serum YKL-40 levels were higher in the CIS group than in the MS group. These findings show that the serum YKL-40 levels were high even at the beginning of the disease. The serum YKL-40 levels were also not involved in the progression to clinically definite MS. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study suggested that YKL-40 may be a useful marker for the inflammatory process of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Dönder
- Mardin Artuklu University, Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Laboratory, Mardin, Turkey
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El Fayomy NM, Mohamed HH, Kamal MM, Alsayyad AH, Alsayyad EH, Shamloul RM. Signs of neuroinflammation outweigh neurodegeneration as predictors for early conversion to MS. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-021-00356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying multiple sclerosis include both inflammatory and degenerative processes. We aimed to study and compare markers of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in patients with first presentation of demyelinating disorder and to prospectively identify which of the studied markers serve as predictors for early conversion to multiple sclerosis. Thus, 42 patients with first clinical manifestations suggestive of demyelinating disease were included in a prospective study. Subjects underwent thorough history taking and clinical evaluation. Laboratory studies involved analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum chitinase 3-like 1 levels. Brain imaging included MRI and ultrasonographic assessment.
Results
T1 black holes, elevated oligoclonal bands (OCB), high baseline T2 lesion load, and enhanced MRI lesions were significantly higher in patients with 1st attack multiple sclerosis. Significantly higher CSF-OCB and serum chitinase 3-like 1 protein was detected in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to clinically isolated syndrome, and higher levels in MS convertors than non-convertors. Cognitive dysfunction evaluated by MoCA test and brain atrophy assessed using transcranial sonography did not show significant difference among the studied groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that heavy T2 lesion load served as the only predictor of conversion to MS.
Conclusion
Early conversion to MS after first attack of demyelination is related to detection of signs of neuroinflammation rather than neurodegeneration.
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Dichev V, Kazakova M, Sarafian V. YKL-40 and neuron-specific enolase in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Rev Neurosci 2021; 31:539-553. [PMID: 32045356 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases comprise a large number of disorders with high impact on human health. Neurodegenerative processes are caused by various etiological factors and differ in their clinical presentation. Neuroinflammation is widely discussed as both a cause and a consequence in the manifestation of these disorders. The interplay between the two entities is considered as a major contributor to the ongoing disease progression. An attentive search and implementation of new and reliable markers specific for the processes of inflammation and degeneration is still needed. YKL-40 is a secreted glycoprotein produced by activated glial cells during neuroinflammation. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), expressed mainly by neuronal cells, is a long-standing marker for neuronal damage. The aim of this review is to summarize, clarify, and evaluate the potential significance and relationship between YKL-40 and NSE as biomarkers in the monitoring and prognosis of a set of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. YKL-40 appears to be a more reliable biomarker in neurological diseases than NSE. The more prominent expression pattern of YKL-40 could be explained with the more obvious involvement of glial cells in pathological processes accompanying each neurodegenerative disease, whereas reduced NSE levels are likely related to low metabolic activity and increased death of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Dichev
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 400, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Kazakova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 400, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 400, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
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Proteomics of Multiple Sclerosis: Inherent Issues in Defining the Pathoetiology and Identifying (Early) Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147377. [PMID: 34298997 PMCID: PMC8306353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the human central nervous system having an unconfirmed pathoetiology. Although animal models are used to mimic the pathology and clinical symptoms, no single model successfully replicates the full complexity of MS from its initial clinical identification through disease progression. Most importantly, a lack of preclinical biomarkers is hampering the earliest possible diagnosis and treatment. Notably, the development of rationally targeted therapeutics enabling pre-emptive treatment to halt the disease is also delayed without such biomarkers. Using literature mining and bioinformatic analyses, this review assessed the available proteomic studies of MS patients and animal models to discern (1) whether the models effectively mimic MS; and (2) whether reasonable biomarker candidates have been identified. The implication and necessity of assessing proteoforms and the critical importance of this to identifying rational biomarkers are discussed. Moreover, the challenges of using different proteomic analytical approaches and biological samples are also addressed.
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40
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Barro C, Zetterberg H. The blood biomarkers puzzle - A review of protein biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 361:109281. [PMID: 34237384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are heterogeneous in their cause and clinical presentation making clinical assessment and disease monitoring challenging. Because of this, there is an urgent need for objective tools such as fluid biomarkers able to quantitate different aspects of the disease. In the last decade, technological improvements and awareness of the importance of biorepositories led to the discovery of an evolving number of fluid biomarkers covering the main characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases such as neurodegeneration, protein aggregates and inflammation. The ability to quantitate each aspect of the disease at a high definition enables a more precise stratification of the patients at inclusion in clinical trials, hence reducing the noise that may hamper the detection of therapeutical efficacy and allowing for smaller but likewise powered studies, which particularly improves the ability to start clinical trials for rare neurological diseases. Moreover, the use of fluid biomarkers has the potential to support a targeted therapeutical intervention, as it is now emerging for the treatment of amyloid-beta deposition in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Here we review the knowledge that evolved from the measurement of fluid biomarker proteins in neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Barro
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
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Thordardottir S, Almkvist O, Johansson C, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Graff C. Cerebrospinal Fluid YKL-40 and Neurogranin in Familial Alzheimer's Disease: A Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:941-953. [PMID: 32568193 PMCID: PMC7505010 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND YKL-40 and neurogranin are promising additional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) which reflect different underlying disease mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To compare the levels of CSF YKL-40 and neurogranin between asymptomatic carriers of familial AD (FAD) mutations (MC) and non-carriers (NC) from the same families. Another objective was to assess changes in YKL-40 and neurogranin, from the presymptomatic to clinical phase of FAD. METHODS YKL-40 and neurogranin, as well as Aβ42, total tau-protein, and phospho-tau, were measured in the CSF of 14 individuals carrying one of three FAD mutations, APPswe (p.KM670/671NL), APParc (p.E693G), and PSEN1 (p.H163Y), as well as in 17 NC from the same families. Five of the MC developed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during follow-up. RESULTS In this pilot study, there was no difference in either CSF YKL-40 or neurogranin when comparing the presymptomatic MC to the NC. YKL-40 correlated positively with expected years to symptom onset and to age in both the MC and the NC, while neurogranin had no correlation to either variable in either of the groups. A subgroup of the participants underwent more than one CSF sampling in which half of the MC developed MCI during follow-up. The longitudinal data showed an increase in YKL-40 levels in the MC as the expected symptom onset approached. Neurogranin remained stable over time in both the MC and the NC. CONCLUSION These findings support a positive correlation between progression from presymptomatic to symptomatic AD and levels of CSF YKL-40, but not neurogranin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinunn Thordardottir
- Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Disease Research, Solna, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ove Almkvist
- Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Johansson
- Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Disease Research, Solna, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Solna, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,UCL Insitute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Disease Research, Solna, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Solna, Sweden
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Jafari A, Babajani A, Rezaei-Tavirani M. Multiple Sclerosis Biomarker Discoveries by Proteomics and Metabolomics Approaches. Biomark Insights 2021; 16:11772719211013352. [PMID: 34017167 PMCID: PMC8114757 DOI: 10.1177/11772719211013352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in demyelination and axonal loss in the brain and spinal cord. The precise pathogenesis and etiology of this complex disease are still a mystery. Despite many studies that have been aimed to identify biomarkers, no protein marker has yet been approved for MS. There is urgently needed for biomarkers, which could clarify pathology, monitor disease progression, response to treatment, and prognosis in MS. Proteomics and metabolomics analysis are powerful tools to identify putative and novel candidate biomarkers. Different human compartments analysis using proteomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics approaches has generated new information for further clarification of MS pathology, elucidating the mechanisms of the disease, finding new targets, and monitoring treatment response. Overall, omics approaches can develop different therapeutic and diagnostic aspects of complex disorders such as multiple sclerosis, from biomarker discovery to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Maghbooli Z, Omidifar A, Varzandi T, Salehnezhad T, Sahraian MA. Reduction in circulating vitamin D binding protein in patients with multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:168. [PMID: 33879066 PMCID: PMC8056586 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we aimed to determine the risk association between vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) polymorphism in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in a MS biobank and the difference in VDBP serum levels in MS patients who were recently diagnosed. Method The current case-control study was performed on 296 MS patients and 313 controls. Thereafter, two common missense VDBP polymorphisms, named rs7041and rs4588, were evaluated in all the participants. Serum levels of vitamin D and vitamin D binding protein were assessed in 77 MS patients who were diagnosed since one year ago and in 67 healthy people who were matched in terms of age and sex. Result The frequency distributions of VDBP genotypes and alleles of SNP rs7041 and rs4588 were observed to be similar in both the MS and control groups (p > 0.05). The VDBP haplotypes, as Gc2/Gc2, Gc1/Gc1, and Gc1/Gc2, were found to be similar in the MS and control groups (p > 0.05). In subgroup analysis, circulating VDBP was lower in MS patients (Ln-VDBP (μgr/ml): 3.64 ± 0.91 vs. 5.31 ± 0.77, p = 0.0001) even after adjusting for vitamin D levels, body mass index, and taking vitamin D supplement. There was no significant association between VDBP haplotypes and vitamin D levels in the two groups. Conclusion The present study suggested an association between lower levels of circulating VDBP and multiple sclerosis in newly diagnosed patients. However, the VDBP causative role in the development of MS is still unclear, so it needs more studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02200-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Maghbooli
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Omidifar
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tarlan Varzandi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Salehnezhad
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Masvekar R, Phillips J, Komori M, Wu T, Bielekova B. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Myeloid and Glial Cell Activation Are Correlated With Multiple Sclerosis Lesional Inflammatory Activity. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:649876. [PMID: 33859547 PMCID: PMC8042223 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.649876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS)-related inflammation can be divided into lesional activity, mediated by immune cells migrating from the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS) and non-lesional activity, mediated by inflammation compartmentalized to CNS tissue. Lesional inflammatory activity, reflected by contrast-enhancing lesions (CELs) on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is effectively inhibited by current disease modifying therapies (DMTs). While, the effect of DMTs on non-lesional inflammatory activity is currently unknown. Reliable and simultaneous measurements of both lesional and non-lesional MS activity is necessary to understand their contribution to CNS tissue destruction in individual patients. We previously demonstrated that CNS compartmentalized inflammation can be measured by combined quantification of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune cells and cell-specific soluble markers. The goal of this study is to develop and validate a CSF-biomarker-based molecular surrogate of MS lesional activity. The training cohort was dichotomized into active (CELs > 1 or clinical relapse) and inactive lesional activity (no CELs or relapse) groups. Matched CSF and serum samples were analyzed for 20 inflammatory and axonal damage biomarkers in a blinded fashion. Only the findings from the training cohort with less than 0.1% probability of false positive (i.e., p < 0.001) were validated in an independent validation cohort. MS patients with lesional activity have elevated IL-12p40, CHI3L1, TNFα, TNFβ, and IL-10, with the first two having the strongest effects and validated statistically-significant association with lesional activity in an independent validation cohort. Marker of axonal damage, neurofilament light (NfL), measured in CSF (cNfL) was also significantly elevated in MS patients with active lesions. NfL measured in serum (sNfL) did not differentiate the two MS subgroups with pre-determined significance, (p = 0.0690) even though cCSF and sNfL correlated (Rho = 0.66, p < 0.0001). Finally, the additive model of IL12p40 and CHI3L1 outperforms any biomarker discretely. IL12p40 and CHI3L1, released predominantly by immune cells of myeloid lineage are reproducibly the best CSF biomarkers of MS lesional activity. The residuals from the IL12p40/CHI3L1-cNfL correlations may identify MS patients with more destructive inflammation or contributing neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruturaj Masvekar
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan Phillips
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mika Komori
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tianxia Wu
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bibiana Bielekova
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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45
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López-Gómez J, Sacristán-Enciso B, Caro-Miró MA, Querol Pascual MR. Clinically isolated syndrome: diagnosis and risk of developing clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Neurologia 2021; 38:S0213-4853(21)00028-1. [PMID: 33757657 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In most cases, multiple sclerosis (MS) initially presents as clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Differentiating CIS from other acute or subacute neurological diseases and estimating the risk of progression to clinically definite MS is essential since presenting a second episode in a short time is associated with poorer long-term prognosis. DEVELOPMENT We conducted a literature review to evaluate the usefulness of different variables in improving diagnostic accuracy and predicting progression from CIS to MS, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and such biofluid markers as oligoclonal IgG and IgM bands, lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands in the CSF, CSF kappa free light-chain (KFLC) index, neurofilament light chain (NfL) in the CSF and serum, and chitinase 3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) in the CSF and serum. CONCLUSIONS Codetection of oligoclonal IgG bands and MRI lesions reduces diagnostic delays and suggests a high risk of CIS progression to MS. A KFLC index > 10.6 and CSF NfL concentrations > 1150 ng/L indicate that CIS is more likely to progress to MS within one year (40-50%); 90% of patients with CIS and serum CHI3L1 levels > 33 ng/mL and 100% of those with lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands present MS within one year of CIS onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- J López-Gómez
- Unidad de Proteínas, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, España.
| | - B Sacristán-Enciso
- Sección de Proteínas y Autoinmunidad, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital de Mérida, Badajoz, España
| | - M A Caro-Miró
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, España
| | - M R Querol Pascual
- Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, España
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Song Y, Wang L, Zhang L, Huang D. The involvement of semaphorin 7A in tumorigenic and immunoinflammatory regulation. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6235-6248. [PMID: 33611799 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorins, a large group of highly conserved proteins, consist of eight subfamilies that are widely expressed in vertebrates, invertebrates, and viruses and exist in membrane-bound or secreted forms. First described as axon guidance cues during neurogenesis, semaphorins also perform physiological functions in other organ systems, such as bone homeostasis, immune response, and tumor progression. Semaphorin 7A (SEMA7A), also known as CDw108, is an immune semaphorin that modulates diverse immunoinflammatory processes, including immune cell interactions, inflammatory infiltration, and cytokine production. In addition, SEMA7A regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, lymph formation, and angiogenesis of multiple types of tumor cells, and these effects are mediated by the interaction of SEMA7A with two specific receptors, PLXNC1 and integrins. Thus, SEMA7A is intimately related to the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune and inflammation-related diseases and tumors. This review focuses on the role of SEMA7A in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, and tumors, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, strategies targeting SEMA7A as a potential predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic agent for these diseases are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Momtazmanesh S, Shobeiri P, Saghazadeh A, Teunissen CE, Burman J, Szalardy L, Klivenyi P, Bartos A, Fernandes A, Rezaei N. Neuronal and glial CSF biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:573-595. [PMID: 33594840 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with inflammatory demyelination and astroglial activation, with neuronal and axonal damage as the leading factors of disability. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to determine changes in CSF levels of neuronal and glial biomarkers, including neurofilament light chain (NFL), total tau (t-tau), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and S100B in various groups of MS (MS versus controls, clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) versus controls, CIS versus MS, relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) versus progressive MS (PMS), and MS in relapse versus remission. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, we included 64 articles in the meta-analysis, including 4071 subjects. For investigation of sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were conducted. Meta-analyses were performed for comparisons including at least three individual datasets. NFL, GFAP, t-tau, CHI3L1, and S100B were higher in MS and NFL, t-tau, and CHI3L1 were also elevated in CIS patients than controls. CHI3L1 was the only marker with higher levels in MS than CIS. GFAP levels were higher in PMS versus RRMS, and NFL, t-tau, and CHI3L1 did not differ between different subtypes. Only levels of NFL were higher in patients in relapse than remission. Meta-regression showed influence of sex and disease severity on NFL and t-tau levels, respectively and disease duration on both. Added to the role of these biomarkers in determining prognosis and treatment response, to conclude, they may serve in diagnosis of MS and distinguishing different subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Momtazmanesh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Children's Medical Center Hospital, Dr. Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran14194, Iran.,Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Children's Medical Center Hospital, Dr. Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran14194, Iran.,Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Saghazadeh
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Location VUmc, PK 2 BR 141, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Burman
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Hospital, 75185Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Levente Szalardy
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Klivenyi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ales Bartos
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 100 00Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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48
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Tamam Y, Gunes B, Akbayir E, Kizilay T, Karaaslan Z, Koral G, Duzel B, Kucukali CI, Gunduz T, Kurtuncu M, Yilmaz V, Tuzun E, Turkoglu R. CSF levels of HoxB3 and YKL-40 may predict conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 48:102697. [PMID: 33352356 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) often initiates with an acute episode of neurological disturbance, known as clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). There is an unmet need for biomarkers that differentiate patients who will convert to MS and who will remain as CIS after the first attack. METHODS First attack serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of 33 CIS patients were collected and these patients were divided as those who converted to MS (CIS-MS, n=17) and those who continued as CIS (CIS-CIS, n=16) in a 3-year follow-up period. Levels of homeobox protein Hox-B3 (HoxB3) and YKL-40 were measured by ELISA in samples of CIS-CIS, CIS-MS, relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients (n=15) and healthy controls (n=20). RESULTS CIS-CIS patients showed significantly reduced CSF levels of YKL-40 and increased serum/CSF levels of HoxB3 compared with CIS-MS and RRMS patients. CIS-MS and RRMS patients had comparable YKL-40 and HoxB3 level profiles. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the highest sensitivity for CSF HoxB3 measurements in prediction of CIS-MS conversion. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that CIS patients with lower CSF HoxB3 (<3.678 ng/ml) and higher CSF YKL-40 (>654.9 ng/ml) displayed a significantly shorter time to clinically definite MS. CONCLUSION CSF levels of HoxB3 and YKL-40 appear to predict CIS to MS conversion, especially when applied in combination. HoxB3, which is a transcription factor involved in immune cell activity, stands out as a potential candidate molecule with biomarker capacity for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Tamam
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
| | - Betul Gunes
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Ece Akbayir
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Kizilay
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Karaaslan
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Koral
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berna Duzel
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Cem Ismail Kucukali
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Gunduz
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kurtuncu
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vuslat Yilmaz
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Tuzun
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Recai Turkoglu
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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A literature review of biosensors for multiple sclerosis: Towards personalized medicine and point-of-care testing. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 48:102675. [PMID: 33326907 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system that leads to severe motor and sensory deficits in patients. Although some biomolecules in serum or cerebrospinal fluid have been suggested as biomarkers for MS diagnosis, following disease activity and monitoring treatment response, most of these potential biomarkers are not currently in clinical use and available for all patients. The reasons behind this are generally related to insufficient robustness of biomarker or technical difficulties, high prices, and requirements for technical personnel for their detection. Point-of-care testing (POCT) is an emerging field of healthcare that can be applied at the hospital as well as at home without the need for a centralized laboratory. Biosensor devices offer a convenient means for POCT. A biosensor is a compact analytical device that uses a bioreceptor, such as an antibody, enzyme, or oligonucleotide, to capture the analyte of interest. The interaction between the analyte and the bioreceptor is sensed and transduced into a suitable signal by the signal transducer. The advantages of using a biosensor for detecting the biomolecule of interest include speed, simplicity, accuracy, relatively lower cost, and lack of requirements for highly qualified personnel to perform the testing. Owing to these advantages and with the help of innovations in biosensor development technologies, there has been a great interest in developing biosensor devices for MS in recent years. Hence, the purpose of this review was to provide researchers with an up-to-date summary of the literature as well as to highlight the challenges and opportunities in this translational research field. In addition, because this is a highly interdisciplinary field of study, potentially concerning MS specialists, neurologists, biomedical researchers, and engineers, another aim of this review was to bridge the gap between these disciplines.
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50
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Clinical Utility of the Pathogenesis-Related Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228661. [PMID: 33212853 PMCID: PMC7698353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the Aβ cascade and alternations of biomarkers in neuro-inflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal injury followed by Aβ have progressed. But the question is how to use the biomarkers. Here, we examine the evidence and pathogenic implications of protein interactions and the time order of alternation. After the deposition of Aβ, the change of tau, neurofilament light chain (NFL), and neurogranin (Ng) is the main alternation and connection to others. Neuro-inflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal injury function is exhibited prior to the structural and metabolic changes in the brain following Aβ deposition. The time order of such biomarkers compared to the tau protein is not clear. Despite the close relationship between biomarkers and plaque Aβ deposition, several factors favor one or the other. There is an interaction between some proteins that can predict the brain amyloid burden. The Aβ cascade hypothesis could be the pathway, but not all subjects suffer from Alzheimer's disease (AD) within a long follow-up, even with very elevated Aβ. The interaction of biomarkers and the time order of change require further research to identify the right subjects and right molecular target for precision medicine therapies.
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