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Nakajima A, Yanagimura F, Saji E, Shimizu H, Toyoshima Y, Yanagawa K, Arakawa M, Hokari M, Yokoseki A, Wakasugi T, Okamoto K, Takebayashi H, Fujii C, Itoh K, Takei YI, Ohara S, Yamada M, Takahashi H, Nishizawa M, Igarashi H, Kakita A, Onodera O, Kawachi I. Stage-dependent immunity orchestrates AQP4 antibody-guided NMOSD pathology: a role for netting neutrophils with resident memory T cells in situ. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:76. [PMID: 38658413 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease of the CNS characterized by the production of disease-specific autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels. Animal model studies suggest that anti-AQP4 antibodies cause a loss of AQP4-expressing astrocytes, primarily via complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Nonetheless, several aspects of the disease remain unclear, including: how anti-AQP4 antibodies cross the blood-brain barrier from the periphery to the CNS; how NMOSD expands into longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis or optic neuritis; how multiphasic courses occur; and how to prevent attacks without depleting circulating anti-AQP4 antibodies, especially when employing B-cell-depleting therapies. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted a comprehensive 'stage-dependent' investigation of immune cell elements in situ in human NMOSD lesions, based on neuropathological techniques for autopsied/biopsied CNS materials. The present study provided three major findings. First, activated or netting neutrophils and melanoma cell adhesion molecule-positive (MCAM+) helper T (TH) 17/cytotoxic T (TC) 17 cells are prominent, and the numbers of these correlate with the size of NMOSD lesions in the initial or early-active stages. Second, forkhead box P3-positive (FOXP3+) regulatory T (Treg) cells are recruited to NMOSD lesions during the initial, early-active or late-active stages, suggesting rapid suppression of proinflammatory autoimmune events in the active stages of NMOSD. Third, compartmentalized resident memory immune cells, including CD103+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells with long-lasting inflammatory potential, are detected under "standby" conditions in all stages. Furthermore, CD103+ TRM cells express high levels of granzyme B/perforin-1 in the initial or early-active stages of NMOSD in situ. We infer that stage-dependent compartmentalized immune traits orchestrate the pathology of anti-AQP4 antibody-guided NMOSD in situ. Our work further suggests that targeting activated/netting neutrophils, MCAM+ TH17/TC17 cells, and CD103+ TRM cells, as well as promoting the expansion of FOXP3+ Treg cells, may be effective in treating and preventing relapses of NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nakajima
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Yanagimura
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Neurology, NHO Niigata National Hospital, 3-52 Akasakamachi, Kashiwazaki, Niigata, 945-8585, Japan
| | - Etsuji Saji
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuko Toyoshima
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Brain Disease Center, Agano Hospital, 6317-15 Yasuda, Agano, Niigata, 959-2221, Japan
| | - Kaori Yanagawa
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Musashi Arakawa
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
- Musashi Clinic, 20-1 Hakusanura 2, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8131, Japan
| | - Mariko Hokari
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Akiko Yokoseki
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Niigata Medical Center, 27-11 Kobari 3, Nishi-Ku, Niigata, 950-2022, Japan
| | - Takahiro Wakasugi
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Neurology, NHO Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, 14-1 Masago 1, Nishi-Ku, Niigata, 950-2085, Japan
| | - Kouichirou Okamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Chihiro Fujii
- Department of Neurology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, 10-15 Fumizonocho, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kyoko Itoh
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Takei
- Department of Neurology, NHO Matsumoto Medical Center, 2-20-30 Muraimachi-Minami, Matsumoto, Nagano, 399-8701, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohara
- Department of Neurology, NHO Matsumoto Medical Center, 2-20-30 Muraimachi-Minami, Matsumoto, Nagano, 399-8701, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Iida Hospital, 1-15 Odori, Iida, Nagano, 395-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yamada
- Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Niigata Neurosurgical Hospital, 3057 Yamada, Nishi-Ku, Niigata, 950-1101, Japan
| | - Masatoyo Nishizawa
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
- Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-Cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Hironaka Igarashi
- Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Izumi Kawachi
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan.
- Medical Education Center, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
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Zapata-Acevedo JF, Mantilla-Galindo A, Vargas-Sánchez K, González-Reyes RE. Blood-brain barrier biomarkers. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 121:1-88. [PMID: 38797540 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface that regulates the exchange of molecules and cells between the brain parenchyma and the peripheral blood. The BBB is mainly composed of endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes. The integrity of this structure is essential for maintaining brain and spinal cord homeostasis and protection from injury or disease. However, in various neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis, the BBB can become compromised thus allowing passage of molecules and cells in and out of the central nervous system parenchyma. These agents, however, can serve as biomarkers of BBB permeability and neuronal damage, and provide valuable information for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Herein, we provide an overview of the BBB and changes due to aging, and summarize current knowledge on biomarkers of BBB disruption and neurodegeneration, including permeability, cellular, molecular and imaging biomarkers. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities for developing a biomarker toolkit that can reliably assess the BBB in physiologic and pathophysiologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Zapata-Acevedo
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Mantilla-Galindo
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karina Vargas-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Grupo de Neurociencia Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo E González-Reyes
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Wu Z, Zang Y, Li C, He Z, Liu J, Du Z, Ma X, Jing L, Duan H, Feng J, Yan X. CD146, a therapeutic target involved in cell plasticity. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-023-2521-x. [PMID: 38613742 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Since its identification as a marker for advanced melanoma in the 1980s, CD146 has been found to have multiple functions in both physiological and pathological processes, including embryonic development, tissue repair and regeneration, tumor progression, fibrosis disease, and inflammations. Subsequent research has revealed that CD146 is involved in various signaling pathways as a receptor or co-receptor in these processes. This correlation between CD146 and multiple diseases has sparked interest in its potential applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. To better comprehend the versatile roles of CD146, we have summarized its research history and synthesized findings from numerous reports, proposing that cell plasticity serves as the underlying mechanism through which CD146 contributes to development, regeneration, and various diseases. Targeting CD146 would consequently halt cell state shifting during the onset and progression of these related diseases. Therefore, the development of therapy targeting CD146 holds significant practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wu
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuzhe Zang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuyi Li
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiheng He
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaoqi Du
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinran Ma
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Jing
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hongxia Duan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, 451163, China.
| | - Jing Feng
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, 451163, China.
- Joint Laboratory of Nanozymes in Zhengzhou University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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4
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Yang J, Zhang S, Wu Q, Chen P, Dai Y, Long J, Wu Y, Lin Y. T cell-mediated skin-brain axis: Bridging the gap between psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities. J Autoimmun 2024; 144:103176. [PMID: 38364575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, is often accompanied by psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and other mental disorders. Psychological disorders may also play a role in the development and progression of psoriasis. The intricate interplay between the skin diseases and the psychiatric comorbidities is mediated by the 'skin-brain axis'. Understanding the mechanisms underlying psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities can help improve the efficacy of treatment by breaking the vicious cycle of diseases. T cells and related cytokines play a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and psychiatric diseases, and are crucial components of the 'skin-brain axis'. Apart from damaging the blood-brain barrier (BBB) directly, T cells and secreted cytokines could interact with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to exacerbate skin diseases or mental disorders. However, few reviews have systematically summarized the roles and mechanisms of T cells in the interaction between psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities. In this review, we discussed several key T cells and their roles in the 'skin-brain axis', with a focus on the mechanisms underlying the interplay between psoriasis and mental commodities, to provide data that might help develop effective strategies for the treatment of both psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juexi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qixuan Wu
- Mental Health Services, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktow, NSW, 2148, Australia
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Junhao Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China.
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5
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Jamann H, Desu HL, Cui QL, Halaweh A, Tastet O, Klement W, Zandee S, Pernin F, Mamane VH, Ouédraogo O, Daigneault A, Sidibé H, Millette F, Peelen E, Dhaeze T, Hoornaert C, Rébillard RM, Thai K, Grasmuck C, Vande Velde C, Prat A, Arbour N, Stratton JA, Antel J, Larochelle C. ALCAM on human oligodendrocytes mediates CD4 T cell adhesion. Brain 2024; 147:147-162. [PMID: 37640028 PMCID: PMC10766241 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neuroinflammatory disorder characterized by demyelination, oligodendrocyte damage/loss and neuroaxonal injury in the context of immune cell infiltration in the CNS. No neuroprotective therapy is available to promote the survival of oligodendrocytes and protect their myelin processes in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases. Pro-inflammatory CD4 Th17 cells can interact with oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis and its animal model, causing injury to myelinating processes and cell death through direct contact. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the close contact and subsequent detrimental interaction of Th17 cells with oligodendrocytes remain unclear. In this study we used single cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence studies on CNS tissue from multiple sclerosis subjects, its animal model and controls to characterize the expression of cell adhesion molecules by mature oligodendrocytes. We found that a significant proportion of human and murine mature oligodendrocytes express melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) and activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) in multiple sclerosis, in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and in controls, although their regulation differs between human and mouse. We observed that exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines or to human activated T cells are associated with a marked downregulation of the expression of MCAM but not of ALCAM at the surface of human primary oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, we used in vitro live imaging, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry to determine the contribution of these molecules to Th17-polarized cell adhesion and cytotoxicity towards human oligodendrocytes. Silencing and blocking ALCAM but not MCAM limited prolonged interactions between human primary oligodendrocytes and Th17-polarized cells, resulting in decreased adhesion of Th17-polarized cells to oligodendrocytes and conferring significant protection of oligodendrocytic processes. In conclusion, we showed that human oligodendrocytes express MCAM and ALCAM, which are differently modulated by inflammation and T cell contact. We found that ALCAM is a ligand for Th17-polarized cells, contributing to their capacity to adhere and induce damage to human oligodendrocytes, and therefore could represent a relevant target for neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Jamann
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Haritha L Desu
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Halaweh
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 3E4, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Wendy Klement
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Florian Pernin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Victoria H Mamane
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Oumarou Ouédraogo
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 3E4, Canada
| | - Audrey Daigneault
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hadjara Sidibé
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Florence Millette
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Evelyn Peelen
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Tessa Dhaeze
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Chloé Hoornaert
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Rose-Marie Rébillard
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Karine Thai
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Camille Grasmuck
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christine Vande Velde
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jack Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
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6
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Johann L, Soldati S, Müller K, Lampe J, Marini F, Klein M, Schramm E, Ries N, Schelmbauer C, Palagi I, Karram K, Assmann JC, Khan MA, Wenzel J, Schmidt MH, Körbelin J, Schlüter D, van Loo G, Bopp T, Engelhardt B, Schwaninger M, Waisman A. A20 regulates lymphocyte adhesion in murine neuroinflammation by restricting endothelial ICOSL expression in the CNS. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e168314. [PMID: 37856217 PMCID: PMC10721159 DOI: 10.1172/jci168314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A20 is a ubiquitin-modifying protein that negatively regulates NF-κB signaling. Mutations in A20/TNFAIP3 are associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). We found that deletion of A20 in central nervous system (CNS) endothelial cells (ECs) enhances experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. A20ΔCNS-EC mice showed increased numbers of CNS-infiltrating immune cells during neuroinflammation and in the steady state. While the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was not impaired, we observed a strong activation of CNS-ECs in these mice, with dramatically increased levels of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. We discovered ICOSL to be expressed by A20-deficient CNS-ECs, which we found to function as adhesion molecules. Silencing of ICOSL in CNS microvascular ECs partly reversed the phenotype of A20ΔCNS-EC mice without reaching statistical significance and delayed the onset of EAE symptoms in WT mice. In addition, blocking of ICOSL on primary mouse brain microvascular ECs impaired the adhesion of T cells in vitro. Taken together, we propose that CNS EC-ICOSL contributes to the firm adhesion of T cells to the BBB, promoting their entry into the CNS and eventually driving neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Johann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Müller
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Josephine Lampe
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), and
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Schramm
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nathalie Ries
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Schelmbauer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ilaria Palagi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Khalad Karram
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian C. Assmann
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mahtab A. Khan
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Wenzel
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany
| | - Mirko H.H. Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Geert van Loo
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), and
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), and
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7
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Wang X, Wei Y, He Z, Wang D, Zhang L, Du J, Zhang M, Jiang M, Chen N, Deng M, Li B, Song C, Chen D, Liu H, Xiao J, Liang H, Zhao H, Kong Y. CD70-induced differentiation of proinflammatory Th1/17/22/GM lymphocytes associated with disease progression and immune reconstitution during HIV infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2271068. [PMID: 37824079 PMCID: PMC10606822 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2271068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Immune overactivation is a hallmark of chronic HIV infection, which is critical to HIV pathogenesis and disease progression. The imbalance of helper T cell (Th) differentiation and subsequent cytokine dysregulation are generally considered to be the major drivers of excessive activation and inflammatory disorders in HIV infection. However, the accurate factors driving HIV-associated Th changes remained to be established. CD70, which was a costimulatory molecule, was found to increase on CD4+ T cells during HIV infection. Overexpression of CD70 on CD4+ T cells was recently reported to associate with highly pathogenic proinflammatory Th1/Th17 polarization in multiple sclerosis. Thus, the role of CD70 in the imbalance of Th polarization and immune overactivation during HIV infection needs to be investigated. Here, we found that the elevated frequency of CD70 + CD4+ T cells was negatively correlated with CD4 count and positively associated with immune activation in treatment-naïve people living with HIV (PLWH). More importantly, CD70 expression defined a population of proinflammatory Th1/17/22/GM subsets in PLWH. Blocking CD70 decreased the mRNA expression of subset-specific markers during Th1/17/22/GM polarization. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CD70 influenced the differentiation of these Th cells through STAT pathway. Finally, it was revealed that patients with a high baseline level of CD70 on CD4+ T cells exhibited a greater risk of poor immune reconstitution after antiretroviral therapy (ART) than those with low CD70. In general, our data highlighted the role of CD70 in Th1/17/22/GM differentiation during HIV infection and provided evidence for CD70 as a potential biomarker for predicting immune recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijiao He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leidan Zhang
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiqing Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Chen
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiju Deng
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Li
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Xiao
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Liang
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxian Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Schwab N, Wiendl H. Learning CNS immunopathology from therapeutic interventions. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg7863. [PMID: 37939164 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg7863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of immune cell trafficking across the blood-brain barrier has not only introduced a therapeutic avenue for multiple sclerosis (MS) but also represents an example of reverse translational medicine. Data from clinical trials of drugs such as natalizumab and fingolimod have revealed the involvement of different compartments in relapsing versus non-relapsing MS immune biology, contributed to our understanding of central nervous system (CNS) immune surveillance, and stimulated new fields of research. Here, we discuss the results of these trials, as well as patient biomaterial-based scientific projects, and how both have informed our understanding of CNS immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Schwab
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster 48149, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster 48149, Germany
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
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9
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Kendirli A, de la Rosa C, Lämmle KF, Eglseer K, Bauer IJ, Kavaka V, Winklmeier S, Zhuo L, Wichmann C, Gerdes LA, Kümpfel T, Dornmair K, Beltrán E, Kerschensteiner M, Kawakami N. A genome-wide in vivo CRISPR screen identifies essential regulators of T cell migration to the CNS in a multiple sclerosis model. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1713-1725. [PMID: 37709997 PMCID: PMC10545543 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves the infiltration of autoreactive T cells into the CNS, yet we lack a comprehensive understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate this process. Here, we conducted a genome-wide in vivo CRISPR screen in a rat MS model and identified 5 essential brakes and 18 essential facilitators of T cell migration to the CNS. While the transcription factor ETS1 limits entry to the CNS by controlling T cell responsiveness, three functional modules, centered around the adhesion molecule α4-integrin, the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and the GRK2 kinase, are required for CNS migration of autoreactive CD4+ T cells. Single-cell analysis of T cells from individuals with MS confirmed that the expression of these essential regulators correlates with the propensity of CD4+ T cells to reach the CNS. Our data thus reveal key regulators of the fundamental step in the induction of MS lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arek Kendirli
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Clara de la Rosa
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin F Lämmle
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Klara Eglseer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Isabel J Bauer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Vladyslav Kavaka
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stephan Winklmeier
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - La Zhuo
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian Wichmann
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Ann Gerdes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Klaus Dornmair
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eduardo Beltrán
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany.
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10
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Lyck R, Nishihara H, Aydin S, Soldati S, Engelhardt B. Modeling Brain Vasculature Immune Interactions In Vitro. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041185. [PMID: 36617644 PMCID: PMC10513158 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects central nervous system (CNS) neurons from the changeable milieu of the bloodstream by strictly controlling the movement of molecules and immune cells between the blood and the CNS. Immune cell migration across the vascular wall is a multistep process regulated by the sequential interaction of different signaling and adhesion molecules on the endothelium and the immune cells. Accounting for its unique barrier properties and trafficking molecule expression profile, particular adaptions in immune cell migration across the BBB have been observed. Thus, in vitro models of the BBB are desirable to explore the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in immune cell trafficking across the BBB. The challenge to overcome is that barrier properties of brain microvascular endothelial cells are not intrinsic and readily lost in culture. With a focus on human in vitro BBB models, we here discuss the suitability of available in vitro models for the BBB for exploring the specific mechanisms involved in immune cell trafficking across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Lyck
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hideaki Nishihara
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sidar Aydin
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Duan Q, Zhang Q, Nie K, Huang R, Yang J, He P, Tie Z, Huang H, Ma G, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Wang L. Myo1d promotes alpha-synuclein transfer from brain microvascular endothelial cells to pericytes through tunneling nanotubes. iScience 2023; 26:107458. [PMID: 37575183 PMCID: PMC10416064 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein preformed fibrils (α-syn PFF) in the blood can cross the blood-brain barrier and invade the central nervous system. Our previous study proved that α-syn PFF can be taken up by brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs). Here, we found that α-syn PFF spread from BMVECs to pericytes with the highest transmission efficiency. We observed abundant tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) connecting BMVECs and pericytes, and α-syn PFF transmitted through these TNTs. Furthermore, α-syn PFF accumulation in BMVECs did not promote TNT formation, but activated the molecular motor Myo1d. Inhibition of Myo1d prevented α-syn PFF transfer from BMVECs to pericytes and decreased the colocalization of Myo1d and F-actin in BMVECs. In summary, we are the first to demonstrate that α-syn PFF spread from BMVECs to pericytes through a mechanism involving TNTs and myosin. Targeting Myo1d may be a promising approach to prevent α-syn spreading from the blood to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrui Duan
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qingxi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kun Nie
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Peikun He
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zihui Tie
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guixian Ma
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuhu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuyuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Charabati M, Zandee S, Fournier AP, Tastet O, Thai K, Zaminpeyma R, Lécuyer MA, Bourbonnière L, Larouche S, Klement W, Grasmuck C, Tea F, Zierfuss B, Filali-Mouhim A, Moumdjian R, Bouthillier A, Cayrol R, Peelen E, Arbour N, Larochelle C, Prat A. MCAM+ brain endothelial cells contribute to neuroinflammation by recruiting pathogenic CD4+ T lymphocytes. Brain 2023; 146:1483-1495. [PMID: 36319587 PMCID: PMC10115172 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The trafficking of autoreactive leucocytes across the blood-brain barrier endothelium is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. Although the blood-brain barrier endothelium represents one of the main CNS borders to interact with the infiltrating leucocytes, its exact contribution to neuroinflammation remains understudied. Here, we show that Mcam identifies inflammatory brain endothelial cells with pro-migratory transcriptomic signature during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In addition, MCAM was preferentially upregulated on blood-brain barrier endothelial cells in multiple sclerosis lesions in situ and at experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease onset by molecular MRI. In vitro and in vivo, we demonstrate that MCAM on blood-brain barrier endothelial cells contributes to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development by promoting the cellular trafficking of TH1 and TH17 lymphocytes across the blood-brain barrier. Last, we showcase ST14 as an immune ligand to brain endothelial MCAM, enriched on CD4+ T lymphocytes that cross the blood-brain barrier in vitro, in vivo and in multiple sclerosis lesions as detected by flow cytometry on rapid autopsy derived brain tissue from multiple sclerosis patients. Collectively, our findings reveal that MCAM is at the centre of a pathological pathway used by brain endothelial cells to recruit pathogenic CD4+ T lymphocyte from circulation early during neuroinflammation. The therapeutic targeting of this mechanism is a promising avenue to treat multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Charabati
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Antoine P Fournier
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Karine Thai
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Roxaneh Zaminpeyma
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marc-André Lécuyer
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Sandra Larouche
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Wendy Klement
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Camille Grasmuck
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Fiona Tea
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Bettina Zierfuss
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ali Filali-Mouhim
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Robert Moumdjian
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0C1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alain Bouthillier
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0C1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Romain Cayrol
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2X 0C1, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Evelyn Peelen
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
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13
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Ouédraogo O, Balthazard R, Mamane VH, Jamann H, Millette F, Daigneault A, Arbour N, Larochelle C. Investigating anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of brivaracetam and lacosamide in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Epilepsy Res 2023; 192:107125. [PMID: 36963302 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation plays a role in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). We have previously reported an increased proportion of CD4 T cells displaying a pro-inflammatory profile in the peripheral blood of adults with DRE. Specific anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) exhibit immunomodulatory properties that could increase the risk of infections but also contribute to their beneficial impact on DRE and other neurological diseases. The impact of novel generation AEDs on the profile of immune cells and on neuroinflammatory processes remains unclear. METHODS We compared the influence of brivaracetam and lacosamide on the activation of human and murine peripheral immune cells in vitro and in vivo in active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a common mouse model of central nervous system inflammation. RESULTS We found that brivaracetam and lacosamide at 2.5 μg/ml did not impair the survival and activation of human immune cells, but a higher dose of 25 μg/ml decreased mitogen-induced proliferation of CD8 T cells in vitro. Exposure to high doses of brivaracetam, and to a lesser extent lacosamide, reduced the proportion of CD25+ and CD107a+ CD8+ human T cells in vitro, and the frequency of CNS-infiltrating CD8+ T cells at EAE onset and CD11b+ myeloid cells at peak in vivo. Prophylactic administration of brivaracetam or lacosamide did not delay EAE onset but significantly improved the clinical course in the chronic phase of EAE compared to control. CONCLUSION Novel generation AEDs do not impair the response to immunization with MOG peptide but improve the course of EAE, possibly through a reduction of neuroaxonal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumarou Ouédraogo
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Renaud Balthazard
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Victoria Hannah Mamane
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Jamann
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Florence Millette
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Daigneault
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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14
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Medina-Rodriguez EM, Beurel E. Blood brain barrier and inflammation in depression. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105926. [PMID: 36375722 PMCID: PMC10035601 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a vital structure to protect the brain, tightly filtering the passage of nutrients and molecules from the blood to the brain. This is critical for maintaining the proper functioning of the brain, and any disruption in the BBB has detrimental consequences often leading to diseases. It is not clear whether disruption of the BBB occurs first in depression or is the consequence of the disease, however disruption of the BBB has been observed in depressed patients and evidence points to the role of important culprits in depression, stress and inflammation in disrupting the integrity of the BBB. The mechanisms whereby stress, and inflammation affect the BBB remain to be fully understood. Yet, the role of cytokines in regulating tight junction protein expression seems crucial. Altogether, the findings in depression suggest that acting at the BBB level might provide therapeutic benefit in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Medina-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
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15
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Fournier AP, Zandee S, Charabati M, Peelen E, Tastet O, Alvarez JI, Kebir H, Bourbonnière L, Larouche S, Lahav B, Klement W, Tea F, Bouthillier A, Moumdjian R, Cayrol R, Duquette P, Girard M, Larochelle C, Arbour N, Prat A. CLMP Promotes Leukocyte Migration Across Brain Barriers in Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY - NEUROIMMUNOLOGY NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:9/6/e200022. [PMID: 36241608 PMCID: PMC9465835 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives In multiple sclerosis (MS), peripheral immune cells use various cell trafficking molecules to infiltrate the CNS where they cause damage.The objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor–like membrane protein (CLMP) in the migration of immune cells into the CNS of patients with MS. Methods Expression of CLMP was measured in primary cultures of human brain endothelial cells (HBECs) and human meningeal endothelial cells (HMECs), postmortem brain samples, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with MS and controls by RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. In vitro migration assays using HBECs and HMECs were performed to evaluate the function of CLMP. Results Using bulk RNA sequencing of primary cultures of human brain and meningeal endothelial cells (ECs), we have identified CLMP as a new potential cell trafficking molecule upregulated in inflammatory conditions. We first confirmed the upregulation of CLMP at the protein level on TNFα-activated and IFNγ-activated primary cultures of human brain and meningeal ECs. In autopsy brain specimens from patients with MS, we demonstrated an overexpression of endothelial CLMP in active MS lesions when compared with normal control brain tissue. Flow cytometry of human PBMCs demonstrated an increased frequency of CLMP+ B lymphocytes and monocytes in patients with MS, when compared with that in healthy controls. The use of a blocking antibody against CLMP reduced the migration of immune cells across the human brain and meningeal ECs in vitro. Finally, we found CLMP+ immune cell infiltrates in the perivascular area of parenchymal lesions and in the meninges of patients with MS. Discussion Collectively, our data demonstrate that CLMP is an adhesion molecule used by immune cells to access the CNS during neuroinflammatory disorders such as MS. CLMP could represent a target for a new treatment of neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Philippe Fournier
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Charabati
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Evelyn Peelen
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jorge Ivan Alvarez
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hania Kebir
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandra Larouche
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boaz Lahav
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wendy Klement
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fiona Tea
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Bouthillier
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Moumdjian
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romain Cayrol
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Duquette
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Girard
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada.
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16
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Hermans D, Houben E, Baeten P, Slaets H, Janssens K, Hoeks C, Hosseinkhani B, Duran G, Bormans S, Gowing E, Hoornaert C, Beckers L, Fung WK, Schroten H, Ishikawa H, Fraussen J, Thoelen R, de Vries HE, Kooij G, Zandee S, Prat A, Hellings N, Broux B. Oncostatin M triggers brain inflammation by compromising blood-brain barrier integrity. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:259-281. [PMID: 35666306 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is an IL-6 family member which exerts neuroprotective and remyelination-promoting effects after damage to the central nervous system (CNS). However, the role of OSM in neuro-inflammation is poorly understood. Here, we investigated OSM's role in pathological events important for the neuro-inflammatory disorder multiple sclerosis (MS). We show that OSM receptor (OSMRβ) expression is increased on circulating lymphocytes of MS patients, indicating their elevated responsiveness to OSM signalling. In addition, OSM production by activated myeloid cells and astrocytes is increased in MS brain lesions. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a preclinical model of MS, OSMRβ-deficient mice exhibit milder clinical symptoms, accompanied by diminished T helper 17 (Th17) cell infiltration into the CNS and reduced BBB leakage. In vitro, OSM reduces BBB integrity by downregulating the junctional molecules claudin-5 and VE-cadherin, while promoting secretion of the Th17-attracting chemokine CCL20 by inflamed BBB-endothelial cells and reactive astrocytes. Using flow cytometric fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) quantification, we found that OSM-induced endothelial CCL20 promotes activation of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) on Th17 cells. Moreover, CCL20 enhances Th17 cell adhesion to OSM-treated inflamed endothelial cells, which is at least in part ICAM-1 mediated. Together, these data identify an OSM-CCL20 axis, in which OSM contributes significantly to BBB impairment during neuro-inflammation by inducing permeability while recruiting Th17 cells via enhanced endothelial CCL20 secretion and integrin activation. Therefore, care should be taken when considering OSM as a therapeutic agent for treatment of neuro-inflammatory diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doryssa Hermans
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Evelien Houben
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paulien Baeten
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Helena Slaets
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kris Janssens
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Cindy Hoeks
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Baharak Hosseinkhani
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Gayel Duran
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Seppe Bormans
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth Gowing
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chloé Hoornaert
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lien Beckers
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wing Ka Fung
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Judith Fraussen
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ronald Thoelen
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Niels Hellings
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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17
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Galoppin M, Kari S, Soldati S, Pal A, Rival M, Engelhardt B, Astier A, Thouvenot E. Full spectrum of vitamin D immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac171. [PMID: 35813882 PMCID: PMC9260308 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis, disease activity and progression. Results from in vitro experiments, animal models and analysis of human samples from randomized controlled trials provide comprehensive data illustrating the pleiotropic actions of Vitamin D on the immune system. They globally result in immunomodulation by decreasing differentiation of effector T and B cells while promoting regulatory subsets. Vitamin D also modulates innate immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, and acts at the level of the blood–brain barrier reducing immune cell trafficking. Vitamin D exerts additional activity within the central nervous system reducing microglial and astrocytic activation. The immunomodulatory role of Vitamin D detected in animal models of multiple sclerosis has suggested its potential therapeutic use for treating multiple sclerosis. In this review, we focus on recent published data describing the biological effects of Vitamin D in animal models of multiple sclerosis on immune cells, blood–brain barrier function, activation of glial cells and its potential neuroprotective effects. Based on the current knowledge, we also discuss optimization of therapeutic interventions with Vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis, as well as new technologies allowing in-depth analysis of immune cell regulations by vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Galoppin
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
| | - Saniya Kari
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Arindam Pal
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Manon Rival
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
| | | | - Anne Astier
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Eric Thouvenot
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
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18
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Liu W, Fan M, Lu W, Zhu W, Meng L, Lu S. Emerging Roles of T Helper Cells in Non-Infectious Neuroinflammation: Savior or Sinner. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872167. [PMID: 35844577 PMCID: PMC9280647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells, also known as T helper (Th) cells, contribute to the adaptive immunity both in the periphery and in the central nervous system (CNS). At least seven subsets of Th cells along with their signature cytokines have been identified nowadays. Neuroinflammation denotes the brain’s immune response to inflammatory conditions. In recent years, various CNS disorders have been related to the dysregulation of adaptive immunity, especially the process concerning Th cells and their cytokines. However, as the functions of Th cells are being discovered, it’s also found that their roles in different neuroinflammatory conditions, or even the participation of a specific Th subset in one CNS disorder may differ, and sometimes contrast. Based on those recent and contradictory evidence, the conflicting roles of Th cells in multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury as well as some typical mental disorders will be reviewed herein. Research progress, limitations and novel approaches concerning different neuroinflammatory conditions will also be mentioned and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meiyang Fan
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhua Zhu, ; Liesu Meng,
| | - Liesu Meng
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhua Zhu, ; Liesu Meng,
| | - Shemin Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
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19
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Yu W, He J, Cai X, Yu Z, Zou Z, Fan D. Neuroimmune Crosstalk Between the Peripheral and the Central Immune System in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:890958. [PMID: 35592701 PMCID: PMC9110796 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.890958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease characterized by the degeneration and death of motor neurons. Systemic neuroinflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of ALS. The proinflammatory milieu depends on the continuous crosstalk between the peripheral immune system (PIS) and central immune system (CIS). Central nervous system (CNS) resident immune cells interact with the peripheral immune cells via immune substances. Dysfunctional CNS barriers, including the blood–brain barrier, and blood–spinal cord barrier, accelerate the inflammatory process, leading to a systemic self-destructive cycle. This review focuses on the crosstalk between PIS and CIS in ALS. Firstly, we briefly introduce the cellular compartments of CIS and PIS, respectively, and update some new understanding of changes specifically occurring in ALS. Then, we will review previous studies on the alterations of the CNS barriers, and discuss their crucial role in the crosstalk in ALS. Finally, we will review the moveable compartments of the crosstalk, including cytokines, chemokines, and peripheral immune cells which were found to infiltrate the CNS, highlighting the interaction between PIS and CIS. This review aims to provide new insights into pathogenic mechanisms and innovative therapeutic approaches for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji He
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiying Cai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangyu Zou
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dongsheng Fan,
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20
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Engelhardt B, Comabella M, Chan A. Multiple sclerosis: Immunopathological heterogeneity and its implications. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:869-881. [PMID: 35476319 PMCID: PMC9324211 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
MS is the most common autoimmune demyelinating disease of the CNS. For the past decades, several immunomodulatory disease-modifying treatments with multiple presumed mechanisms of action have been developed, but MS remains an incurable disease. Whereas high efficacy, at least in early disease, corroborates underlying immunopathophysiology, there is profound heterogeneity in clinical presentation as well as immunophenotypes that may also vary over time. In addition, functional plasticity in the immune system as well as in the inflamed CNS further contributes to disease heterogeneity. In this review, we will highlight immune-pathophysiological and associated clinical heterogeneity that may have an implication for more precise immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Comabella
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew Chan
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Jamann H, Cui QL, Desu HL, Pernin F, Tastet O, Halaweh A, Farzam-kia N, Mamane VH, Ouédraogo O, Cleret-Buhot A, Daigneault A, Balthazard R, Klement W, Lemaître F, Arbour N, Antel J, Stratton JA, Larochelle C. Contact-Dependent Granzyme B-Mediated Cytotoxicity of Th17-Polarized Cells Toward Human Oligodendrocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:850616. [PMID: 35479072 PMCID: PMC9035748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.850616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by the loss of myelin and of myelin-producing oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the central nervous system (CNS). Pro-inflammatory CD4+ Th17 cells are considered pathogenic in MS and are harmful to OLs. We investigated the mechanisms driving human CD4+ T cell-mediated OL cell death. Using fluorescent and brightfield in vitro live imaging, we found that compared to Th2-polarized cells, Th17-polarized cells show greater interactions with primary human OLs and human oligodendrocytic cell line MO3.13, displaying longer duration of contact, lower mean speed, and higher rate of vesicle-like structure formation at the sites of contact. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we assessed the transcriptomic profile of primary human OLs and Th17-polarized cells in direct contact or separated by an insert. We showed that upon close interaction, OLs upregulate the expression of mRNA coding for chemokines and antioxidant/anti-apoptotic molecules, while Th17-polarized cells upregulate the expression of mRNA coding for chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A, IFN-γ, and granzyme B. We found that secretion of CCL3, CXCL10, IFN-γ, TNFα, and granzyme B is induced upon direct contact in cocultures of human Th17-polarized cells with human OLs. In addition, we validated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence that granzyme B levels are upregulated in Th17-polarized compared to Th2-polarized cells and are even higher in Th17-polarized cells upon direct contact with OLs or MO3.13 cells compared to Th17-polarized cells separated from OLs by an insert. Moreover, granzyme B is detected in OLs and MO3.13 cells following direct contact with Th17-polarized cells, suggesting the release of granzyme B from Th17-polarized cells into OLs/MO3.13 cells. To confirm granzyme B–mediated cytotoxicity toward OLs, we showed that recombinant human granzyme B can induce OLs and MO3.13 cell death. Furthermore, pretreatment of Th17-polarized cells with a reversible granzyme B blocker (Ac-IEPD-CHO) or a natural granzyme B blocker (serpina3N) improved survival of MO3.13 cells upon coculture with Th17 cells. In conclusion, we showed that human Th17-polarized cells form biologically significant contacts with human OLs and exert direct toxicity by releasing granzyme B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Jamann
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Haritha L. Desu
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Florian Pernin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Halaweh
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Negar Farzam-kia
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Victoria Hannah Mamane
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Oumarou Ouédraogo
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Cleret-Buhot
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Daigneault
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Renaud Balthazard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wendy Klement
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Florent Lemaître
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jack Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Catherine Larochelle,
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22
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Mapunda JA, Tibar H, Regragui W, Engelhardt B. How Does the Immune System Enter the Brain? Front Immunol 2022; 13:805657. [PMID: 35273596 PMCID: PMC8902072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.805657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is considered the most frequent inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It occurs with a variable prevalence across the world. A rich armamentarium of disease modifying therapies selectively targeting specific actions of the immune system is available for the treatment of MS. Understanding how and where immune cells are primed, how they access the CNS in MS and how immunomodulatory treatments affect neuroinflammation requires a proper knowledge on the mechanisms regulating immune cell trafficking and the special anatomy of the CNS. The brain barriers divide the CNS into different compartments that differ with respect to their accessibility to cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. In steady state, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits immune cell trafficking to activated T cells, which can reach the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filled compartments to ensure CNS immune surveillance. In MS immune cells breach a second barrier, the glia limitans to reach the CNS parenchyma. Here we will summarize the role of the endothelial, epithelial and glial brain barriers in regulating immune cell entry into the CNS and which immunomodulatory treatments for MS target the brain barriers. Finally, we will explore current knowledge on genetic and environmental factors that may influence immune cell entry into the CNS during neuroinflammation in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Houyam Tibar
- Medical School of Rabat, Mohamed 5 University, Rabat, Morocco.,Hôpital des spécialités de Rabat, Ibn Sina University Hospital of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Wafa Regragui
- Medical School of Rabat, Mohamed 5 University, Rabat, Morocco.,Hôpital des spécialités de Rabat, Ibn Sina University Hospital of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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23
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Charabati M, Grasmuck C, Ghannam S, Bourbonnière L, Fournier AP, Lécuyer MA, Tastet O, Kebir H, Rébillard RM, Hoornaert C, Gowing E, Larouche S, Fortin O, Pittet C, Filali-Mouhim A, Lahav B, Moumdjian R, Bouthillier A, Girard M, Duquette P, Cayrol R, Peelen E, Quintana FJ, Antel JP, Flügel A, Larochelle C, Arbour N, Zandee S, Prat A. DICAM promotes T H17 lymphocyte trafficking across the blood-brain barrier during autoimmune neuroinflammation. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj0473. [PMID: 34985970 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Charabati
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Camille Grasmuck
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Soufiane Ghannam
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Antoine P Fournier
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marc-André Lécuyer
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen D-37073, Germany
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hania Kebir
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Rose-Marie Rébillard
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Chloé Hoornaert
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Gowing
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sandra Larouche
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Olivier Fortin
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Camille Pittet
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Ali Filali-Mouhim
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Boaz Lahav
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Robert Moumdjian
- Division of Neurosurgery, Université de Montréal and CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Alain Bouthillier
- Division of Neurosurgery, Université de Montréal and CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Marc Girard
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Pierre Duquette
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Romain Cayrol
- Department of Pathology, Université de Montréal and CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Evelyn Peelen
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Carter for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexander Flügel
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen D-37073, Germany
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
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24
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Harris KM, Clements MA, Kwilasz AJ, Watkins LR. T cell transgressions: Tales of T cell form and function in diverse disease states. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 41:475-516. [PMID: 34152881 PMCID: PMC8752099 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1921764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Insights into T cell form, function, and dysfunction are rapidly evolving. T cells have remarkably varied effector functions including protecting the host from infection, activating cells of the innate immune system, releasing cytokines and chemokines, and heavily contributing to immunological memory. Under healthy conditions, T cells orchestrate a finely tuned attack on invading pathogens while minimizing damage to the host. The dark side of T cells is that they also exhibit autoreactivity and inflict harm to host cells, creating autoimmunity. The mechanisms of T cell autoreactivity are complex and dynamic. Emerging research is elucidating the mechanisms leading T cells to become autoreactive and how such responses cause or contribute to diverse disease states, both peripherally and within the central nervous system. This review provides foundational information on T cell development, differentiation, and functions. Key T cell subtypes, cytokines that create their effector roles, and sex differences are highlighted. Pathological T cell contributions to diverse peripheral and central disease states, arising from errors in reactivity, are highlighted, with a focus on multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linda R. Watkins
- Corresponding author: Ph: 720-387-0304, Fax: 303-735-8290, , Address: 2860 Wilderness Place, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301
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25
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Nishihara H, Engelhardt B. Brain Barriers and Multiple Sclerosis: Novel Treatment Approaches from a Brain Barriers Perspective. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 273:295-329. [PMID: 33237504 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered a prototypic organ specific autoimmune disease targeting the central nervous system (CNS). Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and enhanced immune cell infiltration into the CNS parenchyma are early hallmarks of CNS lesion formation. Therapeutic targeting of immune cell trafficking across the BBB has proven a successful therapy for the treatment of MS, but comes with side effects and is no longer effective once patients have entered the progressive phase of the disease. Beyond the endothelial BBB, epithelial and glial brain barriers establish compartments in the CNS that differ in their accessibility to the immune system. There is increasing evidence that brain barrier abnormalities persist during the progressive stages of MS. Here, we summarize the role of endothelial, epithelial, and glial brain barriers in maintaining CNS immune privilege and our current knowledge on how impairment of these barriers contributes to MS pathogenesis. We discuss how therapeutic stabilization of brain barriers integrity may improve the safety of current therapeutic regimes for treating MS. This may also allow for the development of entirely novel therapeutic approaches aiming to restore brain barriers integrity and thus CNS homeostasis, which may be specifically beneficial for the treatment of progressive MS.
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26
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Duan H, Jing L, Jiang X, Ma Y, Wang D, Xiang J, Chen X, Wu Z, Yan H, Jia J, Liu Z, Feng J, Zhu M, Yan X. CD146 bound to LCK promotes T cell receptor signaling and antitumor immune responses in mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e148568. [PMID: 34491908 DOI: 10.1172/jci148568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Initiation of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling involves the activation of the tyrosine kinase LCK; however, it is currently unclear how LCK is recruited and activated. Here, we have identified the membrane protein CD146 as an essential member of the TCR network for LCK activation. CD146 deficiency in T cells substantially impaired thymocyte development and peripheral activation, both of which depend on TCR signaling. CD146 was found to directly interact with the SH3 domain of coreceptor-free LCK via its cytoplasmic domain. Interestingly, we found CD146 to be present in both monomeric and dimeric forms in T cells, with the dimerized form increasing after TCR ligation. Increased dimerized CD146 recruited LCK and promoted LCK autophosphorylation. In tumor models, CD146 deficiency dramatically impaired the antitumor response of T cells. Together, our data reveal an LCK activation mechanism for TCR initiation. We also underscore a rational intervention based on CD146 for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Duan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianquan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Joint Laboratory of Nanozymes in Zhengzhou University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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27
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Raychaudhuri SK, Abria C, Raychaudhuri SP. Phenotype and pathological significance of MCAM + (CD146 +) T cell subset in psoriatic arthritis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6787-6796. [PMID: 34491483 PMCID: PMC8481216 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background CD146 (MCAM-melanoma cell adhesion molecule) is a cell surface adhesion molecule for Laminin 411. T cells expressing MCAM are mainly responsible for IL-17 production. IL-17 secreting T helper cells (Th17 cells) are critical for the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Here we hypothesized enrichment of CD146+IL-17+ memory T cells in PsA synovium and studied the association of CD146 expression and CD4+IL-17+ activated memory (CD11a+CD45RO+) T cells in synovial fluid and blood of PSA, rheumatoid arthritis (RA, a positive control) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Methods Hi-D FACS studies were done to identify IL-17 in CD4+CD146+CD45RO+ and CD8+CD146+CD45RO+ T cells. Results We observed that effector CD146+(MCAM+) T cells are enriched at the synovial inflammation site in PsA. Conclusion As CD146+ T cells are a key resource for IL-17 it is likely that the enrichment of these MCAM+ pathologic cells are critical for the disease process of PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti K Raychaudhuri
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, USA.,Sacramento VA Medical Center, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA, 95655, USA
| | - Christine Abria
- Sacramento VA Medical Center, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA, 95655, USA
| | - Siba P Raychaudhuri
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, USA. .,Sacramento VA Medical Center, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA, 95655, USA.
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28
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Ikeguchi R, Shimizu Y, Kondo A, Kanda N, So H, Kojima H, Kitagawa K. Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule Expressing Helper T Cells in CNS Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2021; 8:8/6/e1069. [PMID: 34429366 PMCID: PMC8387012 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To elucidate the relationship between melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM)-expressing lymphocytes and pathogenesis of CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs). METHODS Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) (n = 72) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD, n = 29) were included. We analyzed the frequency and absolute numbers of MCAM+ lymphocytes (memory helper T [mTh] cells, naive helper T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells) in the peripheral blood (PB) and the CSF of patients with MS and NMOSD, treated with/without disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) or steroids, using flow cytometry. RESULTS The frequency of MCAM+ cells was higher in the mTh cell subset than that in other lymphocyte subsets. A significant increase in the frequency and the absolute number of MCAM+ mTh cells was observed in the PB of patients with NMOSD, whereas no increase was observed in the PB of patients with MS. The frequency of CSF MCAM+ mTh cells was higher in relapsing patients with MS and NMOSD than that in the control group. Although there was no difference in the frequencies of MCAM+ lymphocytes among the DMD-treated groups, fingolimod decreased the absolute number of MCAM+ lymphocytes. DISCUSSION MCAM+ mTh cells were elevated in the CSF of relapsing patients with MS and in both the PB and CSF of patients with NMOSD. These results indicate that MCAM contributes to the pathogenesis of MS and NMOSD through different mechanisms. MCAM could be a therapeutic target of CNS IDDs, and further study is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of MCAM in CNS IDD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Ikeguchi
- From the Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimizu
- From the Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Kondo
- From the Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Natsuki Kanda
- From the Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Hayato So
- From the Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Haruka Kojima
- From the Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- From the Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
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29
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Abstract
T helper (Th)17 cells are considered to contribute to inflammatory mechanisms in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the discussion persists regarding their true role in patients. Here, we visualized central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory processes in models of MS live in vivo and in MS brains and discovered that CNS-infiltrating Th17 cells form prolonged stable contact with oligodendrocytes. Strikingly, compared to Th2 cells, direct contact with Th17 worsened experimental demyelination, caused damage to human oligodendrocyte processes, and increased cell death. Importantly, we found that in comparison to Th2 cells, both human and murine Th17 cells express higher levels of the integrin CD29, which is linked to glutamate release pathways. Of note, contact of human Th17 cells with oligodendrocytes triggered release of glutamate, which induced cell stress and changes in biosynthesis of cholesterol and lipids, as revealed by single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis. Finally, exposure to glutamate decreased myelination, whereas blockade of CD29 preserved oligodendrocyte processes from Th17-mediated injury. Our data provide evidence for the direct and deleterious attack of Th17 cells on the myelin compartment and show the potential for therapeutic opportunities in MS.
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30
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Häusler D, Akgün K, Stork L, Lassmann H, Ziemssen T, Brück W, Metz I. CNS inflammation after natalizumab therapy for multiple sclerosis: A retrospective histopathological and CSF cohort study. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:e12969. [PMID: 33955606 PMCID: PMC8549024 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natalizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the α4 subunit of the integrins α4ß1 and α4ß7, has been approved for the treatment of active relapsing-remitting MS. Although natalizumab is a highly beneficial drug that effectively reduces the risk of sustained disability progression and the rate of clinical relapses, some patients do not respond to it, and some are at higher risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The histopathological effects after natalizumab therapy are still unknown. We, therefore, performed a detailed histological characterization of the CNS inflammatory cell infiltrate of 24 brain specimens from natalizumab treated patients, consisting of 20 biopsies and 4 autopsies and 21 MS controls. To complement the analysis, immune cells in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 30 natalizumab-treated patients and 42 MS controls were quantified by flow cytometry. Inflammatory infiltrates within lesions were mainly composed of T cells and macrophages, some B cells, plasma cells, and dendritic cells. There was no significant difference in the numbers of T cells or macrophages and microglial cells in lesions of natalizumab-treated patients as compared to controls. A shift towards cytotoxic T cells of a memory phenotype was observed in the CSF. Plasma cells were significantly increased in active demyelinating lesions of natalizumab-treated patients, but no correlation to clinical disability was observed. Dendritic cells within lesions were found to be reduced with longer ongoing therapy duration. Our findings suggest that natalizumab does not completely prevent immune cells from entering the CNS and is associated with an accumulation of plasma cells, the pathogenic and clinical significance of which is not known. As B cells are considered to serve as a reservoir of the JC virus, the observed plasma cell accumulation and reduction in dendritic cells in the CNS of natalizumab-treated patients may potentially play a role in PML development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Häusler
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Akgün
- Department of Neurology, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Carl Gustav Carus University Clinic, University Hospital of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lidia Stork
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Department of Neurology, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Carl Gustav Carus University Clinic, University Hospital of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Imke Metz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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Muoio F, Panella S, Jossen V, Lindner M, Harder Y, Müller M, Eibl R, Tallone T. Human Adipose Stem Cells (hASCs) Grown on Biodegradable Microcarriers in Serum- and Xeno-Free Medium Preserve Their Undifferentiated Status. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12020025. [PMID: 33923488 PMCID: PMC8167760 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose stem cells (hASCs) are promising candidates for cell-based therapies, but they need to be efficiently expanded in vitro as they cannot be harvested in sufficient quantities. Recently, dynamic bioreactor systems operated with microcarriers achieved considerable high cell densities. Thus, they are a viable alternative to static planar cultivation systems to obtain high numbers of clinical-grade hASCs. Nevertheless, the production of considerable biomass in a short time must not be achieved to the detriment of the cells' quality. To facilitate the scalable expansion of hASC, we have developed a new serum- and xeno-free medium (UrSuppe) and a biodegradable microcarrier (BR44). In this study, we investigated whether the culture of hASCs in defined serum-free conditions on microcarriers (3D) or on planar (2D) cell culture vessels may influence the expression of some marker genes linked with the immature degree or the differentiated status of the cells. Furthermore, we investigated whether the biomaterials, which form our biodegradable MCs, may affect cell behavior and differentiation. The results confirmed that the quality and the undifferentiated status of the hASCs are very well preserved when they grow on BR44 MCs in defined serum-free conditions. Indeed, the ASCs showed a gene expression profile more compatible with an undifferentiated status than the same cells grown under standard planar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Muoio
- Foundation for Cardiological Research and Education (FCRE), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6807 Taverne, Switzerland; (F.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefano Panella
- Foundation for Cardiological Research and Education (FCRE), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6807 Taverne, Switzerland; (F.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Valentin Jossen
- Institute of Chemistry & Biotechnology, Competence Center of Biochemical Engineering & Cell Cultivation Technique Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland; (V.J.); (R.E.)
| | | | - Yves Harder
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, EOC, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Regine Eibl
- Institute of Chemistry & Biotechnology, Competence Center of Biochemical Engineering & Cell Cultivation Technique Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland; (V.J.); (R.E.)
| | - Tiziano Tallone
- Foundation for Cardiological Research and Education (FCRE), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6807 Taverne, Switzerland; (F.M.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-91-805-38-85
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Ouédraogo O, Rébillard RM, Jamann H, Mamane VH, Clénet ML, Daigneault A, Lahav B, Uphaus T, Steffen F, Bittner S, Zipp F, Bérubé A, Lapalme-Remis S, Cossette P, Nguyen DK, Arbour N, Keezer MR, Larochelle C. Increased frequency of proinflammatory CD4 T cells and pathological levels of serum neurofilament light chain in adult drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsia 2021; 62:176-189. [PMID: 33140401 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adult drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is associated with significant morbidity. Infiltration of immune cells is observed in DRE epileptic foci; however, the relation between DRE and the peripheral immune cell compartment remains only partially understood. We aimed to investigate differences in immune cell populations, cytokines, and neurodegenerative biomarkers in the peripheral blood of subjects with epilepsy versus healthy controls, and in DRE compared to well-controlled epilepsy (WCE). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum from >120 age- and sex-matched adults suffering from focal onset epilepsy and controls were analyzed by multipanel flow cytometry, multiplex immunoassays, and ultrasensitive single molecule array. RESULTS Using a data-driven analytical approach, we identified that CD4 T cells in the peripheral blood are present in a higher proportion in DRE patients. Moreover, we observed that the frequency of CD4 T cells expressing proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, tumor necrosis factor, interferon-γ, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, but not anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4, is elevated in the peripheral blood of DRE subjects compared to WCE. In parallel, we found that Th17-related circulating proinflammatory cytokines are elevated, but Th2-related cytokine IL-4 is reduced, in the serum of epilepsy and DRE subjects. As Th17 cells can exert neurotoxicity, we measured levels of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL), a marker of neuronal injury. We found significantly elevated levels of sNfL in DRE compared to controls, especially among older individuals. SIGNIFICANCE Our data support that DRE is associated with an expansion of the CD4 Tcell subset in the peripheral blood and with a shift toward a proinflammatory Th17/Th1 CD4 Tcell immune profile. Our results further show that pathological levels of sNfL are more frequent in DRE, supporting a potential neurodegenerative component in adult DRE. With this work, we provide evidence for novel potential inflammatory and degenerative biomarkers in DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumarou Ouédraogo
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rose-Marie Rébillard
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Jamann
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Victoria Hannah Mamane
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Laure Clénet
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Daigneault
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Boaz Lahav
- University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Timo Uphaus
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Falk Steffen
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arline Bérubé
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel Lapalme-Remis
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Cossette
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark R Keezer
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Kadry H, Noorani B, Cucullo L. A blood-brain barrier overview on structure, function, impairment, and biomarkers of integrity. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:69. [PMID: 33208141 PMCID: PMC7672931 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier is playing a critical role in controlling the influx and efflux of biological substances essential for the brain’s metabolic activity as well as neuronal function. Thus, the functional and structural integrity of the BBB is pivotal to maintain the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment. The different cells and structures contributing to developing this barrier are summarized along with the different functions that BBB plays at the brain–blood interface. We also explained the role of shear stress in maintaining BBB integrity. Furthermore, we elaborated on the clinical aspects that correlate between BBB disruption and different neurological and pathological conditions. Finally, we discussed several biomarkers that can help to assess the BBB permeability and integrity in-vitro or in-vivo and briefly explain their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Kadry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Behnam Noorani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Dept. of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Office 415, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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Nishihara H, Gastfriend BD, Soldati S, Perriot S, Mathias A, Sano Y, Shimizu F, Gosselet F, Kanda T, Palecek SP, Du Pasquier R, Shusta EV, Engelhardt B. Advancing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models for studying immune cell interactions. FASEB J 2020; 34:16693-16715. [PMID: 33124083 PMCID: PMC7686106 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001507rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived blood‐brain barrier (BBB) models established to date lack expression of key adhesion molecules involved in immune cell migration across the BBB in vivo. Here, we introduce the extended endothelial cell culture method (EECM), which differentiates hiPSC‐derived endothelial progenitor cells to brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC)‐like cells with good barrier properties and mature tight junctions. Importantly, EECM‐BMEC‐like cells exhibited constitutive cell surface expression of ICAM‐1, ICAM‐2, and E‐selectin. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine stimulation increased the cell surface expression of ICAM‐1 and induced cell surface expression of P‐selectin and VCAM‐1. Co‐culture of EECM‐BMEC‐like cells with hiPSC‐derived smooth muscle‐like cells or their conditioned medium further increased the induction of VCAM‐1. Functional expression of endothelial ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 was confirmed by T‐cell interaction with EECM‐BMEC‐like cells. Taken together, we introduce the first hiPSC‐derived BBB model that displays an adhesion molecule phenotype that is suitable for the study of immune cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin D Gastfriend
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Perriot
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Centre, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Mathias
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Centre, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yasuteru Sano
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Shimizu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Blood Brain Barrier Laboratory, University of Artois, Lens, France
| | - Takashi Kanda
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Renaud Du Pasquier
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Centre, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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35
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Ifergan I, Miller SD. Potential for Targeting Myeloid Cells in Controlling CNS Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571897. [PMID: 33123148 PMCID: PMC7573146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterized by immune cell infiltration to the central nervous system (CNS) as well as loss of myelin. Characterization of the cells in lesions of MS patients revealed an important accumulation of myeloid cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Data from the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS supports the importance of peripheral myeloid cells in the disease pathology. However, the majority of MS therapies focus on lymphocytes. As we will discuss in this review, multiple strategies are now in place to target myeloid cells in clinical trials. These strategies have emerged from data in both human and mouse studies. We discuss strategies targeting myeloid cell migration, growth factors and cytokines, biological functions (with a focus on miRNAs), and immunological activities (with a focus on nanoparticles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igal Ifergan
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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36
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Michel L, Grasmuck C, Charabati M, Lécuyer MA, Zandee S, Dhaeze T, Alvarez JI, Li R, Larouche S, Bourbonnière L, Moumdjian R, Bouthillier A, Lahav B, Duquette P, Bar-Or A, Gommerman JL, Peelen E, Prat A. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule regulates B lymphocyte migration across central nervous system barriers. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/518/eaaw0475. [PMID: 31723036 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of B lymphocyte-associated oligoclonal immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid is a classic hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS). The clinical efficacy of anti-CD20 therapies supports a major role for B lymphocytes in MS development. Although activated oligoclonal populations of pathogenic B lymphocytes are able to traffic between the peripheral circulation and the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with MS, molecular players involved in this migration have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166) identifies subsets of proinflammatory B lymphocytes and drives their transmigration across different CNS barriers in mouse and human. We also showcased that blocking ALCAM alleviated disease severity in animals affected by a B cell-dependent form of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Last, we determined that the proportion of ALCAM+ B lymphocytes was increased in the peripheral blood and within brain lesions of patients with MS. Our findings indicate that restricting access to the CNS by targeting ALCAM on pathogenic B lymphocytes might represent a promising strategy for the development of next-generation B lymphocyte-targeting therapies for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Michel
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Camille Grasmuck
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marc Charabati
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marc-André Lécuyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Tessa Dhaeze
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jorge I Alvarez
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sandra Larouche
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | | | - Boaz Lahav
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Pierre Duquette
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Evelyn Peelen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada. .,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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37
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Mastorakos P, McGavern D. The anatomy and immunology of vasculature in the central nervous system. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/37/eaav0492. [PMID: 31300479 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Barriers between circulation and the central nervous system (CNS) play a key role in the development and modulation of CNS immune responses. Structural variations in the vasculature traversing different anatomical regions within the CNS strongly influence where and how CNS immune responses first develop. Here, we provide an overview of cerebrovascular anatomy, focusing on the blood-CNS interface and how anatomical variations influence steady-state immunology in the compartment. We then discuss how CNS vasculature is affected by and influences the development of different pathophysiological states, such as CNS autoimmune disease, cerebrovascular injury, cerebral ischemia, and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mastorakos
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dorian McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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38
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Häusler D, Torke S, Peelen E, Bertsch T, Djukic M, Nau R, Larochelle C, Zamvil SS, Brück W, Weber MS. High dose vitamin D exacerbates central nervous system autoimmunity by raising T-cell excitatory calcium. Brain 2020; 142:2737-2755. [PMID: 31302671 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor vitamin D status is associated with a higher relapse rate and earlier disability in multiple sclerosis. Based on these associations, patients with multiple sclerosis are frequently supplemented with the vitamin D precursor cholecalciferol, although it is unclear whether this regimen is of therapeutic benefit. To model consequences of this common practice, mice were fed for more than 3 months with a low, medium or high dose of cholecalciferol, representative of vitamin D deficiency, modest and disproportionally high supplementation, respectively, in patients with multiple sclerosis. Compared to vitamin D-deprived mice, its moderate supplementation reduced the severity of subsequent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which was associated with an expansion of regulatory T cells. Direct exposure of murine or human T cells to vitamin D metabolites inhibited their activation. In contrast, mice with 25-(OH) vitamin D levels above 200 nmol/l developed fulminant experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with massive CNS infiltration of activated myeloid cells, Th1 and Th17 cells. When dissecting this unexpected outcome, we observed that high, but not medium dose vitamin D had caused mild hypercalcaemia, which rendered T cells more prone to pro-inflammatory activation. Exposing murine or human T cells to equivalent calcium concentrations in vitro enhanced its influx, triggering activation, upregulation of pro-inflammatory gene products and enhanced transmigration across a blood-brain barrier model. These findings suggest that vitamin D at moderate levels may exert a direct regulatory effect, while continuous high dose vitamin D treatment could trigger multiple sclerosis disease activity by raising mean levels of T-cell excitatory calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Häusler
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Torke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Evelyn Peelen
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre de recherche de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, General Hospital Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Marija Djukic
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roland Nau
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre de recherche de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Scott S Zamvil
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin S Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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39
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Xia Y, Yang J, Sanyal AJ, Shah VH, Chalasani NP, Yu Q, Zheng X, Li W. Persistent Hyperactivation of Endothelial Cells in Patients with Alcoholic Hepatitis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1075-1087. [PMID: 32246771 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a severe inflammatory liver disease that develops in some heavy drinkers. AH patients have intense hepatic infiltration of leukocytes. Up-regulation of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) upon endothelial cell (EC) activation plays an important role in leukocyte transendothelial migration. CAMs can shed from EC surface and accumulate in the blood, serving as soluble markers for EC activation. In this study, we examined the impact of heavy drinking on expression of soluble forms of EC activation markers (CD146, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and VEGF-A) and the effect of alcohol abstinence on the reversal of these abnormalities in heavy drinkers with and without AH. METHODS ELISA and multiplex immunoassays were used to measure soluble EC activation markers in plasma samples from 79 AH patients, 66 heavy drinkers without overt liver disease (HDC), and 44 healthy controls (HC) at baseline, 31 AH patients and 30 HDC at 6-month follow-up, and 18 AH patients and 25 HDC at 12-month follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, the 4 soluble markers were significantly up-regulated in AH patients compared with HDC and HC, whereas only sVCAM-1 was elevated in HDC relative to HC. At follow-ups, plasma levels of CD146, VCAM-1, and VEGF-A remained higher in AH patients, even for those who stopped drinking. These dysregulated markers correlated with AH disease severity, clinical parameters, and several soluble inflammatory factors. CONCLUSIONS The levels of soluble CD146, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and VEGF-A were highly elevated in AH patients, and alcohol abstinence did not completely reverse these abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Naga P Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Qigui Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Xiaoqun Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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40
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Breuer J, Schneider-Hohendorf T, Ostkamp P, Herich S, Rakhade S, Antonijevic I, Klotz L, Wiendl H, Schwab N. VLA-2 blockade in vivo by vatelizumab induces CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Int Immunol 2020; 31:407-412. [PMID: 30783682 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin α2β1, also known as very late antigen (VLA)-2, is a collagen-binding molecule expressed constitutively on platelets. Vatelizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the α2 subunit (CD49b) of VLA-2, was recently investigated for its safety and efficacy during a Phase 2 clinical study in multiple sclerosis patients, as integrin-mediated collagen binding at the site of inflammation is central to a number of downstream pro-inflammatory events. In the course of this study, we could show that VLA-2 is expressed ex vivo on platelets, platelet-T-cell aggregates, as well as a small population of highly activated memory T cells. Even though the clinical trial did not meet its primary clinical end-point (reduction in the cumulative number of new contrast-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), we observed enhanced frequencies of regulatory T cells (TREG) following vatelizumab treatment. Elevated TREG frequencies might be explained by the inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, which is critically involved in the polarization of T helper 17 (TH17) cells and is activated by the α2 integrin cytoplasmic domain. Our findings suggest that blockade of VLA-2 might be a way to safely shift the TH17/TREG balance by inducing TREGin vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Breuer
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tilman Schneider-Hohendorf
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Patrick Ostkamp
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Herich
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Luisa Klotz
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nicholas Schwab
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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41
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Balasa R, Barcutean L, Balasa A, Motataianu A, Roman-Filip C, Manu D. The action of TH17 cells on blood brain barrier in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:237-243. [PMID: 32122685 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Th17 cells, known as a highly pro-inflammatory subtype of Th cells, are involved very early in numerous aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) neuropathology. A crucial event for the formation and accumulation of MS lesions is represented by the disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) in relapsing-remitting MS. Th17 cells also contribute to the progression of MS/EAE. These events will allow for the passage of inflammatory cells into the brain. Secondary to this, increased recruitment of neutrophils occurs, followed by increased protease activity that will continue to attract macrophages and monocytes, leading to brain inflammation with sustained myelin and axon damage. This review focuses mainly on the role of Th17 cells in penetrating the BBB and on their important effects on BBB disruption via their main secretion products, IL-17 and IL-22. We present the morphological aspects of Th17 cells that allow for intercellular contacts with BBB endothelial cells and the functional/secretory particularities of Th17 cells that allow for intercellular communications that enhance Th17 entry into the CNS. The cytokines and chemokines involved in these processes are described. In conclusion, Th17 cells can efficiently cross the BBB using pathways distinct from those used by Th1 cells, leading to BBB disruption, the activation of other inflammatory cells and neurodegeneration in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Balasa
- Neurology 1 Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Tirgu Mures, Romania; Neurology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Laura Barcutean
- Neurology 1 Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Tirgu Mures, Romania; Neurology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Adrian Balasa
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Anca Motataianu
- Neurology 1 Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Tirgu Mures, Romania; Neurology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Tirgu Mures, Romania.
| | | | - Doina Manu
- Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Tirgu Mures, Romania
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42
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Roy DG, Chen J, Mamane V, Ma EH, Muhire BM, Sheldon RD, Shorstova T, Koning R, Johnson RM, Esaulova E, Williams KS, Hayes S, Steadman M, Samborska B, Swain A, Daigneault A, Chubukov V, Roddy TP, Foulkes W, Pospisilik JA, Bourgeois-Daigneault MC, Artyomov MN, Witcher M, Krawczyk CM, Larochelle C, Jones RG. Methionine Metabolism Shapes T Helper Cell Responses through Regulation of Epigenetic Reprogramming. Cell Metab 2020; 31:250-266.e9. [PMID: 32023446 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications on DNA and histones regulate gene expression by modulating chromatin accessibility to transcription machinery. Here we identify methionine as a key nutrient affecting epigenetic reprogramming in CD4+ T helper (Th) cells. Using metabolomics, we showed that methionine is rapidly taken up by activated T cells and serves as the major substrate for biosynthesis of the universal methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). Methionine was required to maintain intracellular SAM pools in T cells. Methionine restriction reduced histone H3K4 methylation (H3K4me3) at the promoter regions of key genes involved in Th17 cell proliferation and cytokine production. Applied to the mouse model of multiple sclerosis (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis), dietary methionine restriction reduced the expansion of pathogenic Th17 cells in vivo, leading to reduced T cell-mediated neuroinflammation and disease onset. Our data identify methionine as a key nutritional factor shaping Th cell proliferation and function in part through regulation of histone methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic G Roy
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Chen
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Victoria Mamane
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Eric H Ma
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Brejnev M Muhire
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Ryan D Sheldon
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Tatiana Shorstova
- The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rutger Koning
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Radia M Johnson
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Esaulova
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kelsey S Williams
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | | | - Bozena Samborska
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Amanda Swain
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Audrey Daigneault
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | | | - William Foulkes
- The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael Witcher
- The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Connie M Krawczyk
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Russell G Jones
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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Bernard-Patrzynski F, Lécuyer MA, Puscas I, Boukhatem I, Charabati M, Bourbonnière L, Ramassamy C, Leclair G, Prat A, Roullin VG. Isolation of endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes from mouse brain. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226302. [PMID: 31851695 PMCID: PMC6919623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cell isolation from the central nervous system (CNS) has allowed fundamental understanding of blood-brain barrier (BBB) properties. However, poorly described isolation techniques or suboptimal cellular purity has been a weak point of some published scientific articles. Here, we describe in detail how to isolate and enrich, using a common approach, endothelial cells (ECs) from adult mouse brains, as well as pericytes (PCs) and astrocytes (ACs) from newborn mouse brains. Our approach allowed the isolation of these three brain cell types with purities of around 90%. Furthermore, using our protocols, around 3 times more PCs and 2 times more ACs could be grown in culture, as compared to previously published protocols. The cells were identified and characterized using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The ability of ECs to form a tight monolayer was assessed for passages 0 to 3. The expression of claudin-5, occludin, zonula occludens-1, P-glycoprotein-1 and breast cancer resistance protein by ECs, as well as the ability of the cells to respond to cytokine stimuli (TNF-α, IFN-γ) was also investigated by q-PCR. The transcellular permeability of ECs was evaluated in the presence of pericytes or astrocytes in a Transwell® model by measuring the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), dextran-FITC and sodium fluorescein permeability. Overall, ECs at passages 0 and 1 featured the best properties valued in a BBB model. Furthermore, pericytes did not increase tightness of EC monolayers, whereas astrocytes did regardless of their seeding location. Finally, ECs resuspended in fetal bovine serum (FBS) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) could be cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen without affecting their phenotype nor their capacity to form a tight monolayer, thus allowing these primary cells to be used for various longitudinal in vitro studies of the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc-André Lécuyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Neuroimmunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ina Puscas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Imane Boukhatem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Charabati
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Armand-Frappier Institute, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Grégoire Leclair
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - V Gaëlle Roullin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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44
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Charabati M, Rabanel JM, Ramassamy C, Prat A. Overcoming the Brain Barriers: From Immune Cells to Nanoparticles. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 41:42-54. [PMID: 31839374 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate carriers, often referred to as nanoparticles (NPs), represent an important pharmacological advance for drug protection and tissue-specific drug delivery. Accessing the central nervous system (CNS), however, is a complex process regulated by mainly three brain barriers. While some leukocyte (i.e., immune cell) subsets are equipped with the adequate molecular machinery to infiltrate the CNS in physiological and/or pathological contexts, the successful delivery of NPs into the CNS remains hindered by the tightness of the brain barriers. Here, we present an overview of the three major brain barriers and the mechanisms allowing leukocytes to migrate across each of them. We subsequently review different immune-inspired and -mediated strategies to deliver NPs into the CNS. Finally, we discuss the prospect of exploiting leukocyte trafficking mechanisms for further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Charabati
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Rabanel
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada.
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
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45
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Petersen E, Ammitzbøll C, Søndergaard H, Oturai A, Sørensen P, Nilsson A, Börnsen L, von Essen M, Sellebjerg F. Expression of melanoma cell adhesion molecule-1 (MCAM-1) in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 337:577085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Carnero Contentti E, Farez MF, Correale J. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Features and TCR Repertoire Characteristics During the Course of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2690. [PMID: 31824489 PMCID: PMC6880779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the frequency, phenotype, function, and longitudinal repertoire of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) patients. Methods: Forty-five RRMS patients in remission, 20 RRMS patients experiencing exacerbations, 15 PPMS patients, and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. MAIT cells were identified phenotypically as CD3+ TCRγδ− Vα7.2 + CD161high. In 15 patients, MAIT cell number and MRI lesions were evaluated every 6 months, for 36 months. MAIT cell TCRVβ repertoire was defined using single-cell cloning and mRNA sequencing. Results: Circulating MAIT cells were significantly reduced in both RRMS and PPMS patients, particularly during exacerbations, compared to healthy subjects. This decrease was accompanied by pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, and GM-CSF). Three months post-exacerbation, peripheral blood MAIT cell percentages increased significantly along with clinical recovery. Likewise, we observed inverse correlation between MRI lesions and peripheral blood MAIT cell numbers. In paired samples, MAIT cell percentage was significantly higher in CSF than in peripheral blood, suggesting MAIT cell migration through the blood–brain barrier. Finally, MAIT cells showed limited TCRVβ repertoires, in both CSF and peripheral blood, which remained stable over time. Conclusions: MAIT cell levels correlated with MS course both clinically and radiologically, showing marked and sustained oligoclonality. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of pathophysiological phenomena underlying the course of MS, and discovery of MAIT cell inhibitors could pave the way for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauricio F Farez
- Centro para el Estudio de Enfermedades Neuroinmunologicas (CIEN), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Correale
- Centro para el Estudio de Enfermedades Neuroinmunologicas (CIEN), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Neurology, Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Holm Hansen R, Højsgaard Chow H, Christensen JR, Sellebjerg F, von Essen MR. Dimethyl fumarate therapy reduces memory T cells and the CNS migration potential in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 37:101451. [PMID: 31675639 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a disease-modifying therapy for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). T cells are major contributors to the pathogenesis of RRMS, where they regulate the pathogenic immune response and participate in CNS lesion development. OBJECTIVES In this study we evaluate the therapeutic effects of DMF on T cell subpopulations, their CNS migration potential and effector functions. METHODS Blood and CSF from untreated and DMF-treated patients with RRMS and healthy donors were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS DMF reduced the prevalence of circulating proinflammatory CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells, whereas regulatory T cells were unaffected. Furthermore, DMF reduced the frequency of CD4+ T cells expressing CNS-homing markers. In coherence, we found a reduced recruitment of CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells to CSF. We also found that monomethyl fumarate dampened T cell proliferation and reduced the frequency of TNF-α, IL-17 and IFN-γ producing T cells. CONCLUSION DMF influences the balance between proinflammatory and regulatory T cells, presumably favoring a less proinflammatory environment. DMF also reduces the CNS migratory potential of CD4+ T cells whereas CD8+ T cells are less affected. Altogether, our study suggests an anti-inflammatory effect of DMF mainly on the CD4+ T cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Holm Hansen
- The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Helene Højsgaard Chow
- The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Romme Christensen
- The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Marina Rode von Essen
- The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
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48
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Hunter LW, Jayachandran M, Miller VM. Sex differences in the expression of cell adhesion molecules on microvesicles derived from cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells treated with inflammatory and thrombotic stimuli. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:26. [PMID: 31118073 PMCID: PMC6532199 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are sex differences in risk for stroke and small vessel ischemic disease in the brain. Microvesicles (MV) derived from activated cells vary by cell of origin and the stimulus initiating their release. MV released from cells activated by inflammatory and thrombotic factors have the potential to disrupt endothelial cells of the brain microvasculature. Therefore, experiments were designed to identify sex differences in the phenotype of MV released from cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) in response to inflammatory and thrombotic stimuli. Methods Cultured HBMEC derived from 20- to 30-year-old male and female donors were treated for 20 h with medium supplemented with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα; 20 ng/ml), thrombin (THR; 2 U/ml), or vehicle (i.e., control). MV were isolated from the conditioned media by high-speed centrifugation and quantified by digital flow cytometry by labeling with fluorophore-conjugated primary antibodies against PECAM-1, integrin αvβ3, ICAM-1, E-selectin, or MCAM. In addition, temporal uptake of labeled MV into control HBMEC was examined by confocal microscopy. Results Under control conditions, male HBMEC released fewer MV expressing each antigen, except for PECAM-1, than female cells (P < 0.05). Neither TNFα nor THR reduced cell viability. However, TNFα induced apoptosis in female and male cells, whereas THR increased apoptosis marginally only in male cells. TNFα increased expression of all antigens tested on MV in male cells, but only increased expression of integrin αvβ3, ICAM-1, and E-selectin on MV from female cells. THR increased expression of PECAM-1, ICAM-1, and MCAM-1 on MV from male but not female cells. MV were internalized and localized to lysosomes within 90 min after their application to HBMEC. Conclusions There are sex differences in expression of cell adhesion molecules on MV released from HBMEC under control conditions and upon activation by TNFα or THR. MV taken up by unstimulated HBMEC may impact the integrity of the brain microvasculature and account, in part, for sex differences in vascular pathologies in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry W Hunter
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Medical Science Bldg. 4-20, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Muthuvel Jayachandran
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Medical Science Bldg. 4-20, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Divisions of Hematology Research and Nephrology and Hypertension Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Virginia M Miller
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Medical Science Bldg. 4-20, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Women's Health Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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49
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Blin MG, Bachelier R, Fallague K, Moussouni K, Aurrand-Lions M, Fernandez S, Guillet B, Robert S, Foucault-Bertaud A, Bardin N, Blot-Chabaud M, Dignat-George F, Leroyer AS. CD146 deficiency promotes plaque formation in a mouse model of atherosclerosis by enhancing RANTES secretion and leukocyte recruitment. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 130:76-87. [PMID: 30928429 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The progression of atherosclerosis is based on the continued recruitment of leukocytes in the vessel wall. The previously described role of CD146 in leukocyte infiltration suggests an involvement for this adhesion molecule in the inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the role of CD146 in leukocyte recruitment by using an experimental model of atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS The role of CD146 was explored in atherosclerosis by crossing CD146-/- mice with ApoE-/- mice. CD146 -/-/ApoE -/- and ApoE -/- mice were fed a Western diet for 24 weeks and were monitored for aortic wall thickness using high frequency ultrasound. The arterial wall was significantly thicker in CD146-deficient mice. After 24 weeks of Western diet, a significant increase of atheroma in both total aortic lesion and aortic sinus of CD146-null mice was observed. In addition, atherosclerotic lesions were more inflammatory since plaques from CD146-deficient mice contained more neutrophils and macrophages. This was due to up-regulation of RANTES secretion by macrophages in CD146-deficient atherosclerotic arteries. This prompted us to further address the function of CD146 in leukocyte recruitment during acute inflammation by using a second experimental model of peritonitis induced by thioglycollate. Neutrophil recruitment was significantly increased in CD146-deficient mice 12 h after peritonitis induction and associated with higher RANTES levels in the peritoneal cavity. In CD146-null macrophages, we also showed that increased RANTES production was dependent on constitutive inhibition of the p38-MAPK signaling pathway. Finally, Maraviroc, a RANTES receptor antagonist, was able to reduce atherosclerotic lesions and neutrophilia in CD146-deficient mice to the same level as that found in ApoE -/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that CD146 deficiency is associated with the upregulation of RANTES production and increased inflammation of atheroma, which could influence the atherosclerotic plaque fate. Thus, these data identify CD146 agonists as potential new therapeutic candidates for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel G Blin
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Richard Bachelier
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Karim Fallague
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Karima Moussouni
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Aurrand-Lions
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Samantha Fernandez
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CERIMED, Secteur Nucléaire Pré-clinique, Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ., CERIMED, Secteur Nucléaire Pré-clinique, Timone, 13005 Marseille, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Robert
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | | | - Nathalie Bardin
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception, 13385 Marseille, France
| | | | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie S Leroyer
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France.
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Dhaeze T, Lachance C, Tremblay L, Grasmuck C, Bourbonnière L, Larouche S, Saint-Laurent O, Lécuyer MA, Rébillard RM, Zandee S, Prat A. Sex-dependent factors encoded in the immune compartment dictate relapsing or progressive phenotype in demyelinating disease. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124885. [PMID: 30895941 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
TCR1640 mice, which have a T cell receptor (TCR) directed against MOG92-106, spontaneously develop experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Female mice mostly develop a relapsing-remitting (RR) course and have a higher incidence of disease, while males most frequently suffer from progressive disease, reflecting the unresolved clinical sex discrepancies seen in multiple sclerosis. Herein, we performed adoptive transfers of male and female TCR1640 immune cells into WT animals to investigate if disease course is dependent on the sex of the donor immune cells or on the sex of the recipient animal. We found that transfer of female TCR1640 immune cells led to a RR disease while transfer of male TCR1640 immune cells led to a progressive course, independent of the sex of the recipient. In addition, regulatory and pathogenic T cell infiltration after transfer was also immune cell sex intrinsic. We performed genetic profiling of the donor immune cells and found significant differences between the transcriptomic profiles of male and female TCR1640 immune cells, interestingly, within genes related to immune regulation of T lymphocytes. These results suggest that differences in gene expression profiles related to regulation of T cell immunity seen in male and female neuroinflammatory disease drive relapsing versus progressive disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Dhaeze
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Lachance
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurence Tremblay
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Camille Grasmuck
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sandra Larouche
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivia Saint-Laurent
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-André Lécuyer
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rose-Marie Rébillard
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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