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Wang Q, Chen S, Wang G, Zhang T, Gao Y. Integrated mendelian randomization analyses highlight AFF3 as a novel eQTL-mediated susceptibility gene in renal cancer and its potential mechanisms. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:739. [PMID: 38886730 PMCID: PMC11181572 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS A growing number of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) have been found to be linked with tumorigenesis. In this article, we employed integrated Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to identify novel susceptibility genes in renal cancer (RC) and reveal their potential mechanisms. METHODS Two-sample MR analyses were performed to infer causal relationships between eQTLs, metabolites, and RC risks through the "TwoSampleMR" R package. Sensitivity analyses, such as heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and leave-one-out analysis, were used to assess the stability of our outcomes. Summary-data-based MR (SMR) analyses were used to verify the causal relationships among cis-eQTLs and RC risks via the SMR 1.3.1 software. RESULTS Our results provided the first evidence for AFF3 eQTL elevating RC risks, suggesting its oncogenic roles (IVW method; odds ratio (OR) = 1.0005; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0001-1.0010; P = 0.0285; heterogeneity = 0.9588; pleiotropy = 0.8397). Further SMR analysis validated the causal relationships among AFF3 cis-eQTLs and RC risks (P < 0.05). Moreover, the TCGA-KIRC, the ICGC-RC, and the GSE159115 datasets verified that the AFF3 gene was more highly expressed in RC tumors than normal control via scRNA-sequencing and bulk RNA-sequencing (P < 0.05). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis identified six potential biological pathways of AFF3 involved in RC. As for the potential mechanism of AFF3 in RC, we concluded in this article that AFF3 eQTL could negatively modulate the levels of the X-11,315 metabolite (IVW method; OR = 0.9127; 95% CI = 0.8530-0.9765; P = 0.0081; heterogeneity = 0.4150; pleiotropy = 0.8852), exhibiting preventive effects against RC risks (IVW method; OR = 0.9987; 95% CI = 0.9975-0.9999; P = 0.0380; heterogeneity = 0.5362; pleiotropy = 0.9808). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that AFF3 could serve as a novel eQTL-mediated susceptibility gene in RC and reveal its potential mechanism of elevating RC risks via negatively regulating the X-11,315 metabolite levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Wang
- Department of Urology, Jianhu Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, No. 666 South Ring Road, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224700, China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Jianhu Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, No. 666 South Ring Road, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224700, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Jianhu Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, No. 666 South Ring Road, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224700, China
| | - Tielong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Jianhu Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, No. 666 South Ring Road, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224700, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Department of Urology, Jianhu Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, No. 666 South Ring Road, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224700, China.
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Zong H, Hu Z, Li W, Wang M, Zhou Q, Li X, Liu H. Electronic cigarettes and cardiovascular disease: epidemiological and biological links. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:875-888. [PMID: 38376568 PMCID: PMC11139732 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), as alternative nicotine delivery methods, has rapidly increased among youth and adults in recent years. However, cardiovascular safety is an important consideration regarding e-cigarettes usage. e-cigarette emissions, including nicotine, propylene glycol, flavorings, nitrosamine, and metals, might have adverse effects on cardiovascular health. A large body of epidemiological evidence has indicated that e-cigarettes are considered an independent risk factor for increased rates of cardiovascular disease occurrence and death. The incidence and mortality of various types of cardiovascular disease, such as cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, acute coronary syndromes, and heart failure, have a modest growth in vapers (users of e-cigarettes). Although the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully understood, studies have validated that oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hemodynamic effects, and platelet function play important roles in which e-cigarettes work in the human body. This minireview consolidates and discusses the epidemiological and biological links between e-cigarettes and various types of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Zong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhekai Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Weina Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Mina Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Hongxu Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
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3
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Liang D, Zhang Q, Li W, Lin Y. Analysis of urinary tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4- (methylnitrosamino)1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanol (NNAL) and HPV infection in American women: National health and nutrition examination survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304499. [PMID: 38820512 PMCID: PMC11142655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are a group of toxic substances specific to tobacco. 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) is a tobacco-specific nitrosamine measurable in urine with a much longer half-life than cotinine. We aimed to examine the association between urinary tobacco-specific NNAL and HPV infection among American women. We used cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007 and 2014 to collect details on their urinary NNAL, HPV infection status, and other essential variables. The association between dietary urinary NNAL and HPV infection status was analyzed by using a weighted multivariate logistic regression model, and stratified subgroup analysis. In total, 5197 participants aged 18-59 years were identified, with overall prevalence of high-risk and low-risk HPV infection of 22.0% and 19.1%, respectively. The highest quartile of NNAL(Q4) was more positively associated with low-risk HPV infection than the lowest quartile of NNAL(Q1) (OR = 1.83 (1.35,2.50), p<0.001). the highest quartile of NNAL(Q4) was more positively associated with high-risk HPV infection than the lowest quartile of NNAL(Q1) (OR = 2.20 (1.57,3.08), p < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, the positive correlation between urinary NNAL levels and low-risk HPV infection status was inconsistent in marital status and BMI (interaction p < 0.05). The positive association of urinary NNAL levels with high-risk HPV infection status was inconsistent in smoking and BMI. (interaction p < 0.05). Tobacco-specific NNAL levels positively correlate with high- and low-risk HPV. Future well-designed longitudinal studies are still needed to validate the effect of tobacco exposure on HPV infection by NNAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiwen Liang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenyu Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Youkun Lin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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4
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Lorenzo-Parodi N, Moebus S, Schmidt TC. Analysis of aromatic amines in human urine using comprehensive multi-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCxGC-MS). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 257:114343. [PMID: 38422601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Several aromatic amines (AA) are classified as human carcinogens, and tobacco smoke is one of the main sources of exposure. Once in the human body, they undergo different metabolic pathways which lead to either their excretion or ultimately to the formation of DNA and protein adducts. The aim of this study was to investigate AA in 68 urine samples (aged 29-79, 47% female), including 10 smokers (S), 28 past-smokers (PS) and 30 never-smokers (NS), and to study if there was a relation between the smoking status and the amount of the AA present. GCxGC-MS was used to analyze AA in complex urine samples due to its high peak capacity and the fact that it provides two sets of retention times and structural information, which facilitates the separation and identification of the target analytes. First, a qualitative comparison of an example set of a NS, PS and S sample was carried out, in which 38, 45 and 46 AA, respectively, could be tentatively identified. Afterwards, seven AA were successfully quantified in the samples. Of these, 4-ethylaniline (4EA, p = 0.015), 2,4,6-trimethylaniline (2,4,6TMA, p = 0.030), 2-naphthylamine (2NA, p = 0.014) and the sum of 2,4- and 2,6-dimethylaniline (DMA, p = 0.017) were found in significantly different (α = 0.05) concentrations for the S, 29 ± 14, 87 ± 49, 41 ± 26, and 105 ± 57 ng/L respectively, compared to the NS, 15 ± 6, 42 ± 30, 16 ± 6, and 48 ± 28 ng/L. And 2,4,6TMA (39 ± 26, p = 0.022), 2NA (18 ± 9, p = 0.025) and DMA (53 ± 46, p = 0.030), were also found at significantly higher concentrations in samples from S when compared to PS. However, some samples had AA concentrations outside the calibration curve and could not be taken into account, especially for 2-methylaniline (2MA). Therefore, all the samples were evaluated using a quantitative screening approach, by which the intensities of 4EA (p = 0.019), 2,4,6TMA (p = 0.048), 2NA (p = 0.016), DMA (p = 0.019) and 2MA (p = 0.006) in S were found to be significantly (α = 0.05) higher than in the NS, and 2MA (p = 0.019) and 4EA (p = 0.023) in S were found to be significantly higher than in the PS. An association between the smoking status and the amount of certain AA present could therefore be found. This information could be used to study the relation between the smoking status, the amount of AA present, and smoking related diseases like bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Lorenzo-Parodi
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Zweigerstrasse 37, 45130, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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Sharma S, Rai S, Misra D, Misra A, Sharma S, Sharma A, Prayasi MS. Human Urinary Metabolomics as Biomarkers in Tobacco Users: A Systematic Review. Contemp Clin Dent 2024; 15:3-9. [PMID: 38707674 PMCID: PMC11068250 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_23_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Urine as a biofluid has been rarely used as a diagnostic fluid in oral diseases. The article aims to systematically review the utility of human urinary carcinogen metabolites as an approach for obtaining important information about tobacco and cancer. Materials and Methods The following article reviews the use of urine and its metabolites as biomarkers in various lesions of the oral cavity including oral squamous cell carcinoma and as a screening method in evaluating tobacco and its components. A bibliographic comprehensive search was carried out in the main databases: PUBMED, SciELO, Google Scholar, VHL, and LILACS for articles that were published from 1985 to 2020. The inclusion criteria were "urinary metabolites," "oral cancer/HNSCC," "body fluids," "tobacco," and "metabolomics." A total of 55 articles were collected which included laboratory studies, systematic reviews, and literature of urinary metabolites in tobacco users. Results Most of the studies carried out show accurate results with high sensitivity of urinary metabolite biomarkers in individuals with tobacco-based habits and lesions caused by them. Conclusion The review indicates that urinary metabolite analysis demonstrates its applicability for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease. Urine is a remarkable and useful biofluid for routine testing and provides an excellent resource for the discovery of novel biomarkers, with an advantage over tissue biopsy samples due to the ease and less invasive nature of collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalu Rai
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepankar Misra
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akansha Misra
- Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anusuya Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Manish Singh Prayasi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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6
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Gomez F, Ayo-Yusuf O, Yershova K, Jain V, Alcheva A, Hatsukami DK, Parascandola M, Stepanov I. Heterogeneity of Harmful Constituent Profiles in Smokeless Tobacco Products from Five African Countries. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1901-1911. [PMID: 38051542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Addictive, toxic, and carcinogenic constituents present in smokeless tobacco (SLT) products are responsible for the harmful effects associated with SLT use. There are limited data on levels of such constituents in SLT products used in Africa, a region with high prevalence of SLT use and the associated morbidity and mortality. Manufactured and custom-made SLT products were purchased from five African countries (South Africa, Uganda, Mauritania, Nigeria, and Zambia) using a standard approach for sample collection, labeling, and storage. Moisture content, pH, total and unprotonated (biologically available) nicotine, five tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA), 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), five metals and metalloids (As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb), nitrate, and nitrite were analyzed. A total of 54 samples representing 15 varieties of manufactured SLT products and 13 varieties of custom-made SLT products were purchased and analyzed. In all samples, the total nicotine ranged from 1.6 to 20.5 mg/g product and unprotonated nicotine accounted for 5.3-99.6% of the total nicotine content. The sum of all five TSNA ranged from 1.6 to 100 μg/g product, with significant within-country variations observed across both the manufactured and custom-made varieties. Significant variations were also found for PAH, metals and metalloids, nitrates, and nitrites. This is the most comprehensive report on the chemical profiling of products from African countries. This is also the first study illustrating the variability of harmful constituents within the same types and brands of African SLT. Our findings emphasize the need for consumer education and interventions to reduce SLT use in Africa. The data reported here can be useful to regulators in considering measures to prevent the occurrence of high levels of known toxicants and carcinogens in manufactured products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gomez
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, CCRB 2-140, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Olalekan Ayo-Yusuf
- Africa Centre for Tobacco Industry Monitoring and Policy Research (ATIM), School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Katrina Yershova
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, CCRB 2-140, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vipin Jain
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, CCRB 2-140, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Aleksandra Alcheva
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, CCRB 2-140, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, CCRB 2-140, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
- Institute for Global Cancer Prevention Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mark Parascandola
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, CCRB 2-140, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Institute for Global Cancer Prevention Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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7
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Jingying C, Baocai L, Ying C, Wujun Z, Yunqing Z, Yingzhen H, Tew WY, Ong PS, Yan CS, Loh HW, Yam MF. Discrimination of Dioscorea species (Chinese yam) using FT-IR integrated with chemometric approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123229. [PMID: 37625275 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Dioscorea oppositifolia is an important crop and functional food. D. oppositifolia tuber is often adulterated with D. persimilis, D. alata, and D. fordii tuber in the commercial market. This study proposed an integrated Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) with chemometric approach to differentiate these four Dioscorea species. A total of 107 Dioscorea spp. tuber samples were collected from different locations in China. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), PCA-Class, and Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) were utilised to classify the FT-IR spectra. In this PCA is unable to differentiate the Dioscorea spp. tuber effectively. However, PCA-Class and OPLS-DA can distinguish spp. these 4 species Dioscorea tuber with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Additionally, the RMSEE, RMSEP and RMSECV values for OPLS-DA model were low, showing that it is a good model. The combination of FT-IR with the PCA-Class and OPLS-DA is practical in discriminating Dioscorea spp. tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jingying
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant, Institute of Agricultural Bio-resource, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China.
| | - Liu Baocai
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant, Institute of Agricultural Bio-resource, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
| | - Chen Ying
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant, Institute of Agricultural Bio-resource, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhang Wujun
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant, Institute of Agricultural Bio-resource, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
| | - Zhao Yunqing
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant, Institute of Agricultural Bio-resource, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
| | - Huang Yingzhen
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant, Institute of Agricultural Bio-resource, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
| | - Wan Yin Tew
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Peng Shun Ong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Chong Seng Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hui Wei Loh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian 350122, China.
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8
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Gallart-Mateu D, Dualde P, Coscollà C, Soriano JM, Garrigues S, de la Guardia M. Biomarkers of exposure in urine of active smokers, non-smokers, and vapers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6677-6688. [PMID: 37743413 PMCID: PMC10598069 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04943-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to smoking related products has been evaluated through urine illness risk marker determination through the analysis of urine samples of smokers and vapers. Biomarkers and their metabolites such as N-acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine (CEMA), N-acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine (DHBMA), N-acetyl-S-[1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-propen-1-yl)-L-cysteine (MHBMA), N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine (3HPMA), 2R-N-acetyl-S-(4-hydroxybutan-2-yl)-L-cysteine (HMPMA), and N-acetyl-S-(3-carboxy-2-propyl)-L-cysteine (CMEMA) together with nicotine and cotinine were identified and quantified by LC-HRMS and LC-MS/MS, and data found normalized to the creatinine level. One hundred two urine samples were collected from smokers, non-smokers, and vapers, spanning an age range from 16 to 79 years. Results obtained showed that CEMA was only detected in urine samples from smokers and MHBMA was in the same order of magnitude in all the urine samples analyzed. HMPMA was found in the urine of vapers at the same order of concentration as in non-smokers. 3HPMA in vapers was lower than in the urine of smokers, presenting an intermediate situation between smokers and non-smokers. On the other hand, DHBMA in vapers can reach similar values to those found for smokers, while CMEMA shows concentrations in the urine of vapers higher than in the case of non-smokers and traditional smokers, requiring new research to link this metabolite to the use of electronic cigarettes and possible alternative metabolomic routes. In general, this study seems to verify that traditional smoking practice constitutes a major source of carcinogenic chemicals compared with substitutive practices, although those practices are not free of potential harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gallart-Mateu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Research Building, 50 Dr. Moliner Street, 16100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - P Dualde
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Soriano
- GISP Grup d'Investigació en Salut Pública, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Garrigues
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Research Building, 50 Dr. Moliner Street, 16100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Research Building, 50 Dr. Moliner Street, 16100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Konorev D, Bellamri M, Wu CF, Wu MT, Turesky RJ. High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry Analysis of Carcinogenic Aromatic Amines in Tobacco Smoke with an Orbitrap Tribrid Mass Spectrometer. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1419-1426. [PMID: 37462928 PMCID: PMC10530005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a risk factor for bladder cancer (BC), although the specific chemicals responsible for BC remain uncertain. Considerable research has focused on aromatic amines (AAs), including o-toluidine (o-tol), o-anisidine (o-anis), 2-naphthylamine (2-NA), and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), which are linked to human BC based on elevated BC incidence in occupationally exposed factory workers. These AAs arise at nanogram levels per combusted cigarette. The unambiguous identification of AAs, particularly low-molecular-weight monocyclic AAs in tobacco smoke extracts, by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is challenging due to their poor performance on reversed-phase columns and co-elution with isobaric interferences from the complex tobacco smoke matrix. We employed a tandem liquid-liquid and solid-phase extraction method to isolate AAs from the basic fraction of tobacco smoke condensate (TSC) and utilized high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) coupled to high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) Orbitrap LC-MS2 to assay AAs in TSC. The employment of FAIMS greatly reduced sample complexity by removing precursor co-isolation interfering species at the MS1 scan stage, resulting in dramatically improved signal-to-noise of the precursor ions and cleaner, high-quality MS2 spectra for unambiguous identification and quantification of AAs in TSC. We demonstrate the power of LC/FAIMS/MS2 by characterizing and quantifying two low-molecular-weight carcinogenic AAs, o-tol and o-anis, in TSC, using stable isotopically labeled internal standards. These results demonstrate the power of FAIMS in trace-level analyses of AA carcinogens in the complex tobacco smoke matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Konorev
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc, 1 IDEXX Dr, Westbrook, ME 04092
| | - Medjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- International Master Program of Translational Medicine, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming Tsang Wu
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Ge S, Ma W, Qu Z, Zhu X, Chen Z, Lin X, Fu Z. Urinary tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and cognitive functioning in older adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:68. [PMID: 37252031 PMCID: PMC10210584 DOI: 10.18332/tid/162368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco contains carcinogens called tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Among the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, is nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) which produces the metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL). We aimed to examine the association between urinary tobacco-specific NNAL and cognitive functioning among older adults. METHODS A total of 1673 older adults aged ≥60 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 were included. Urinary tobacco-specific NNAL was analyzed in the laboratory. Cognitive functioning was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD-WL) immediate and delayed memory tests, the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Test-specific and global cognition z-scores were calculated based on means and standard deviations of the cognitive test scores. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to examine the independent association between quartiles of urinary tobacco-specific NNAL and cognitive test-specific and global cognition z-scores controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, depressive symptoms, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, urinary creatinine, hypertension, diabetes, alcohol use, and smoking status. RESULTS About half of the participants (mean age 69.8 years) were female (52.1%), non-Hispanic White (48.3%), and completed some college and above (49.7%). Multivariable linear regression results showed that participants in the 4th quartile (highest quartile) of urinary NNAL, compared with those in the 1st quartile (lowest quartile), had lower DSST z-scores (β= -0.19; 95% CI: -0.34 - -0.04). CONCLUSIONS Tobacco-specific NNAL was negatively associated with processing speed, sustained attention, and working memory in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ge
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, United States
| | - Weixia Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Qu
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xingmei Zhu
- Yaxin School of Nursing, Wuhan Institute of Design and Science, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Xuechun Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenmei Fu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Seyler T, Mazumder S, Ahamed R, Zhu W, Blount BC, Apelberg BJ, Wang L. Tobacco Smoke Is a Major Source of Aromatic Amine Exposure in U.S. Adults: 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:OF1-OF9. [PMID: 37195136 PMCID: PMC10654254 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking increases the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and premature death. Aromatic amines (AA) are found in cigarette smoke and are well-established human bladder carcinogens. METHODS We measured and compared total urinary levels of 1-aminonaphthalene (1AMN), 2-aminonaphthalene (2AMN), and 4-aminobiphenyl (4ABP) in adults who smoked cigarettes exclusively and in adult nonusers of tobacco products from a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized U.S. population in the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. RESULTS Sample-weighted geometric mean concentrations of AAs in adults who smoked cigarettes exclusively compared with adult nonusers were 30 times higher for 1AMN and 4 to 6 times higher for 2AMN and 4ABP. We evaluated the association of tobacco-smoke exposure with urinary AAs using sample-weighted multiple linear regression models to control for age, sex, race/ethnicity, diet, and urinary creatinine. Secondhand smoke exposure status was categorized using serum cotinine (SCOT) among adult nonusers (SCOT ≤ 10 ng/mL). The exposure for adults who smoked cigarettes exclusively (SCOT > 10 ng/mL) was categorized on the basis of the average number of self-reported cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) in the five days prior to urine collection. The regression models show AAs concentration increased with increasing CPD (P < 0.001). Dietary-intake variables derived from the 24-hours recall questionnaire were not consistently significant predictors of urinary AAs. CONCLUSIONS This is the first characterized total urinary AA concentrations of the U.S. adult non-institutionalized population. Our analyses show that smoking status is a major contributor to AA exposures. IMPACT These data provide a crucial baseline for exposure to three AAs in U.S. non-institutionalized adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Seyler
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shrila Mazumder
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rayaj Ahamed
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wanzhe Zhu
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Benjamin J Apelberg
- Center of Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Lanqing Wang
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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12
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Lee JW, Kim S. Comparison of a Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen in Tobacco Cigarette, Electronic Cigarette, and Dual Users. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e140. [PMID: 37191844 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) is known as a lung carcinogen. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of urine NNAL concentrations and smoking status. METHODS This was a cross-sectionally designed study based on data from the 2016-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 2,845 participants were classified into past-smoker, electronic cigarette (e-cigar) only, dual-user, and cigarette only smoker groups. All sampling and weight variables were stratified and analysis was conducted accounting for the complex sampling design. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the geometric mean of urine NNAL concentrations and log-transformed urine NNAL level among smoking status with weighted survey design. Post hoc paired comparisons with Bonferroni adjustment was performed according to smoking status. RESULTS The estimated geometric mean concentrations of urine NNAL were 1.974 ± 0.091, 14.349 ± 5.218, 89.002 ± 11.444, and 117.597 ± 5.459 pg/mL in past-smoker, e-cigar only, dual-user, and cigarette only smoker groups, respectively. After fully adjusting, log-transformed urine NNAL level was significantly different among groups (P < 0.001). Compared with the past-smoker group, e-cigar only, dual-user, and cigarette only smoker groups showed significantly higher log-transformed urine NNAL concentrations in post hoc test (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION E-cigar only, dual-user, and cigarette only smoker groups showed significantly higher geometric mean concentrations of urine NNAL than the past-smoker group. Conventional cigarette, dual users, and e-cigar users can potentially show harmful health effects from NNAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sukil Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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13
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Zhu L, Jia W, Wan X, Zhuang P, Ma G, Jiao J, Zhang Y. Advancing metabolic networks and mapping updated urinary metabolic fingerprints after exposure to typical carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120936. [PMID: 36572270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) were not only present in cooked foods and cigarette smoke, but also measured in airborne particles and diesel-exhaust particles. Typical HAAs have been reported to induce carcinogenicity and metabolic disturbances, but how these hazardous compounds interfere with metabolic networks by regulating metabolic pathways and fingerprinting signature metabolites as biomarkers remains ambiguous. We developed an advanced strategy that adopted chemical isotope labeling ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry for urinary nontargeted metabolomics analysis to gain new insight into in vivo physiological responses stimulated by exposure to typical HAAs. Rats were orally administered with a single dose of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) or 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) (1 and 10 mg/kg bw) and their D3-isotopic compounds, respectively, and urine samples were then continuously collected within 36 h. Metabolomics data were acquired and processed by classical multivariate statistical analysis, while urinary metabolites were further identified and characterized according to mass spectrometric fragmentation rules, time- and dose-dependent profiles, and calibration of synthesized standards. We monitored 23 and 37 urinary metabolites as the biotransformation products of PhIP and MeIQx, respectively, and first identified demethylated metabolites of PhIP, tentatively named 2-amino-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, and dihydroxylation products of classical HAAs as short-term biomarkers of exposure to further unravel the metabolic networks. In addition, our findings revealed that both HAAs significantly disturb histidine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, etc. Furthermore, we found that histamine, methionine, alanine, and 4-guanidinobutanoic acid could be considered potential characteristic biomarkers for the oncogenicity or carcinogenicity of both PhIP and MeIQx and screened their specific key pivotal metabolites. The current metabolomics approach is applicable in mapping updated urinary metabolic fingerprints and identifying potential specific biomarkers for HAAs-induced early tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuzhi Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guicen Ma
- Tea Quality and Supervision Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Sambiagio N, Berthet A, Wild P, Sauvain JJ, Auer R, Schoeni A, Rodondi N, Feller M, Humair JP, Berlin I, Breider F, Grandjean D, Hopf NB. Associations between urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress and biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure in smokers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158361. [PMID: 36058322 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can contribute to the development of diseases, and may originate from exposures to toxicants commonly found in air pollution and cigarette smoke such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Yet, associations between these exposures and oxidative stress biomarkers are poorly characterized. We report here novel associations between 14 exposure biomarkers of PAHs and VOCs, and two oxidative stress biomarkers; 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-isoprostane) in urine obtained from smokers participating in an ongoing clinical study (ESTxENDS, NCT03589989). We also assessed associations between six biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure (metabolites of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs)) and both oxidative stress biomarkers. We then quantified the relative importance of each family of the 20 exposure biomarkers on oxidative stress. Participating smokers (153 men and 117 women, median age 44 years) had on average smoked 25 [2-62] years and smoked about 17 [5-40] cigarettes per day at the time of the study. Multiple linear regression results showed an association between 8-oxodG concentrations and the following metabolites in decreasing relative importance: PAHs (beta coefficient β = 0.105, p-value <0.001, partial R2 = 0.15) > VOCs (β = 0.028, p < 0.001, partial R2 = 0.09) > nicotine (β = 0.226, p < 0.001, partial R2 = 0.08); and between 8-isoprostane concentrations and metabolites of PAHs (β = 0.117, p < 0.001, partial R2 = 0.14) > VOCs (β = 0.040, p < 0.001, partial R2 = 0.14) > TSNAs (β = 0.202, p = 0.003, partial R2 = 0.09) > nicotine (β = 0.266, p < 0.001, partial R2 = 0.08). Behavioral factors known to contribute to oxidative stress, including sleep quality, physical activity, and alcohol consumption, did not play a significant role. Exposures to PAHs and VOCs among smokers were significantly associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sambiagio
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Wild
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Reto Auer
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Schoeni
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Feller
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Humair
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Ivan Berlin
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Pharmacology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Florian Breider
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Dominique Grandjean
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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15
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Pellerin È, Pellerin FA, Chabaud S, Pouliot F, Bolduc S, Pelletier M. Bisphenols A and S Alter the Bioenergetics and Behaviours of Normal Urothelial and Bladder Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164011. [PMID: 36011004 PMCID: PMC9406715 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) are used in the production of plastics. These endocrine disruptors can be released into the environment and food, resulting in the continuous exposure of humans to bisphenols (BPs). The bladder urothelium is chronically exposed to BPA and BPS due to their presence in human urine samples. BPA and BPS exposure has been linked to cancer progression, especially for hormone-dependent cancers. However, the bladder is not recognized as a hormone-dependent tissue. Still, the presence of hormone receptors on the urothelium and their role in bladder cancer initiation and progression suggest that BPs could impact bladder cancer development. The effects of chronic exposure to BPA and BPS for 72 h on the bioenergetics (glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration), proliferation and migration of normal urothelial cells and non-invasive and invasive bladder cancer cells were evaluated. The results demonstrate that chronic exposure to BPs decreased urothelial cells' energy metabolism and properties while increasing them for bladder cancer cells. These findings suggest that exposure to BPA and BPS could promote bladder cancer development with a potential clinical impact on bladder cancer progression. Further studies using 3D models would help to understand the clinical consequences of this exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ève Pellerin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Félix-Antoine Pellerin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Frédéric Pouliot
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (M.P.); Tel.: +1-418-525-4444 (ext. 42282) (S.B.); +1-418-525-4444 (ext. 46166) (M.P.)
| | - Martin Pelletier
- Infectious and Immune Disease Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (M.P.); Tel.: +1-418-525-4444 (ext. 42282) (S.B.); +1-418-525-4444 (ext. 46166) (M.P.)
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16
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Jacob P, Chan L, Cheung P, Bello K, Yu L, StHelen G, Benowitz NL. Minor Tobacco Alkaloids as Biomarkers to Distinguish Combusted Tobacco Use From Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Use. Two New Analytical Methods. Front Chem 2022; 10:749089. [PMID: 35720984 PMCID: PMC9198481 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.749089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers for the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are desirable for studies of the health effects of electronic cigarettes and related devices. However, the aerosols inhaled from these devices do not contain substances that are unique to this class of products, i.e., substances that are not present in cigarette smoke or those that do not have common environmental or dietary sources. Consequently, identifying selective biomarkers for ENDS use remains a challenge. If co-use of conventional tobacco products can be definitively ruled out, then nicotine and its metabolites are suitable for assessing exposure. Self-reports from questionnaires are often used to obtain information on product use. But self-reports may not always be accurate, and are not amenable to obtaining quantitative information on exposure. An alternative approach is to use selective biomarkers for conventional tobacco products to definitively rule out their use. In this article, we describe two new LC-MS/MS methods for the minor tobacco alkaloids anabasine, anatabine, nicotelline, anatalline, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), a tobacco-specific nitrosamine metabolite, all biomarkers that are selective for the use of conventional tobacco products. Applications of these biomarkers in studies of ENDS use and dual use of ENDS and conventional tobacco products are also discussed.
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17
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Aquilina NJ, Jacob P, Benowitz NL, Fsadni P, Montefort S. Secondhand smoke exposure in school children in Malta assessed through urinary biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112405. [PMID: 34822856 PMCID: PMC9119146 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
School children may be exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) either at home, in transit or in social gatherings permitting smoking in their presence. Questionnaires about SHS often underestimate prevalence and extent of exposure. A more accurate tool is the use of biomarkers such as cotinine (COT) and trans-3'-hydrocycotinine (3HC) as biomarkers of SHS exposure, alongside 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), a reduction product in the body of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), both potent carcinogens. We measured urinary COT, 3HC and total NNAL using sensitive and specific high-performance LC-MS/MS methods. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for each assay were 0.05 ng/mL, 0.1 ng/mL and 0.25 pg/mL respectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure to SHS of school children (9-11 years), from five public schools in the island of Malta, from questionnaire information about smoking at home and verify it by urinary biomarker data of COT, 3HC and NNAL. These biomarkers were measurable in 99.4%, 95.4% and 98.3% of the participating children respectively. From the children reporting smoking at home, 11% had a history of asthma and had COT, 3HC and NNAL geometric mean concentrations double compared to the non-asthmatic group. In has been confirmed that non-smokers exposed to SHS and THS have a higher NNAL/COT ratio than the group identified as smokers according to specific and defined COT threshold levels (despite the fact that a priori, the entire study group was composed of non-smokers). The implication of high measured levels of urinary NNAL in children should be of concern given its potency. A main effects multifactor ANOVA model was developed and the children's house and school locations and the smoking frequency were statistically significant to predict the levels of the three metabolites. For 3HC only, the status of the employment of the mother was also an important predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel J Aquilina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida MSD, 2080, Malta; Division of Cardiology, Clinical Pharmacology Program, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Peyton Jacob
- Division of Cardiology, Clinical Pharmacology Program, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Neal L Benowitz
- Division of Cardiology, Clinical Pharmacology Program, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - P Fsadni
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida MSD, 2080, Malta
| | - S Montefort
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida MSD, 2080, Malta
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18
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Morris P, McDermott S, Chapman F, Verron T, Cahours X, Stevenson M, Thompson J, Chaudhary N, O'Connell G. Reductions in biomarkers of exposure to selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents following exclusive and partial switching from combustible cigarettes to myblu ™ electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:397-410. [PMID: 34435305 PMCID: PMC8964552 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-021-02813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) offer adult combustible cigarette smokers an alternative, potentially reduced harm, mode of nicotine delivery, attributed to fewer and reduced levels of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) in their aerosols compared to cigarette smoke. These two identical, randomised, open label, two-part studies aimed to compare levels of 15 biomarkers of exposure (BoE) to selected HPHCs associated with tobacco smoking in healthy US adult smoker subjects (n = 72). Following 9 days of exclusive use of a range of allocated myblu™ ENDS variants, subjects' levels of 14 non-nicotine BoE were substantially reduced compared to baseline values (combustible cigarette use), in the range of 46-97%. BoE reductions were sustained in subjects who continued myblu use exclusively (n = 25) for a further 5 days, and returned to near baseline levels in subjects who returned to exclusive combustible cigarette use (n = 21). Dual users (n = 24) demonstrated reductions in BoE to a lesser extent than with exclusive myblu use. Measured nicotine equivalents did not significantly change throughout the study. These data suggest exclusive use of ENDS provides adult smokers seeking an alternative to combustible cigarettes with substantial reductions in HPHC exposures whilst achieving satisfying levels of nicotine delivery. Dual use involving substitution of cigarettes may also provide some of this advantage, but to lesser extent. Overall, the data contribute to the weight of evidence that ENDS are an important tool in tobacco harm reduction for adult smokers unwilling to or uninterested in quitting smoking. Study 1: NCT04430634, study 2: NCT04429932, clinicaltrials.gov (10-06-2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Morris
- Nerudia Ltd-an Imperial Brands PLC Company, Wellington House, Physics Road, Speke, Liverpool, L24 9HP, UK.
| | - Simon McDermott
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol, BS3 2LL, UK
| | - Fiona Chapman
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol, BS3 2LL, UK
| | - Thomas Verron
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol, BS3 2LL, UK
| | - Xavier Cahours
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol, BS3 2LL, UK
| | | | - Joseph Thompson
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol, BS3 2LL, UK
| | - Nveed Chaudhary
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol, BS3 2LL, UK
| | - Grant O'Connell
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol, BS3 2LL, UK
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19
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Hu SC, Min S, Kang HK, Yang DJ, Basavarajappa M, Lewis SM, Davis KJ, Patton RE, Bryant MS, Sepehr E, Trbojevich R, Pearce MG, Bishop ME, Ding W, Heflich RH, Maisha MP, Felton R, Chemerynski S, Yee SB, Coraggio M, Rosenfeldt H, Yeager RP, Howard PC, Tang Y. 90-day nose-only inhalation toxicity study of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 160:112780. [PMID: 34965465 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is one of the key tobacco-specific nitrosamines that plays an important role in human lung carcinogenesis. Repeated dose inhalation toxicity data on NNK, particularly relevant to cigarette smoking, however, is surprisingly limited. Hence, there is a lack of direct information available on the carcinogenic and potential non-carcinogenic effects of NNK via inhalational route exposure. In the present study, the subchronic inhalation toxicity of NNK was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. Both sexes (9-10 weeks age; 23 rats/sex/group) were exposed by nose-only inhalation to air, vehicle control (75% propylene glycol), or 0.2, 0.8, 3.2, or 7.8 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day of NNK (NNK aerosol concentrations: 0, 0, 0.0066, 0.026, 0.11, or 0.26 mg/L air) for 1 h/day for 90 consecutive days. Toxicity was evaluated by assessing body weights; food consumption; clinical pathology; histopathology; organ weights; blood, urine, and tissue levels of NNK, its major metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and their glucuronides (reported as total NNK, tNNK, and total NNAL, tNNAL, respectively); tissue levels of the DNA adduct O6-methylguanine; blood and bone marrow micronucleus (MN) frequency; and bone marrow DNA strand breaks (comet assay). The results showed that NNK exposure caused multiple significant adverse effects, with the most sensitive endpoint being non-neoplastic lesions in the nose. Although the genotoxic biomarker O6-methylguanine was detected, genotoxicity from NNK exposure was negative in the MN and comet assays. The Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (LOAEL) was 0.8 mg/kg BW/day or 0.026 mg/L air of NNK for 1 h/day for both sexes. The No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) was 0.2 mg/kg BW/day or 0.0066 mg/L air of NNK for 1 h/day for both sexes. The results of this study provide new information relevant to assessing the human exposure hazard of NNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chieh Hu
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Seonggi Min
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Hyun-Ki Kang
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Dong-Jin Yang
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna Basavarajappa
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Sherry M Lewis
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Kelly J Davis
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Ralph E Patton
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Matthew S Bryant
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Estatira Sepehr
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Raul Trbojevich
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Mason G Pearce
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Michelle E Bishop
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Wei Ding
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Robert H Heflich
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - MacKean P Maisha
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Robert Felton
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Susan Chemerynski
- The Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Steven B Yee
- The Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Melis Coraggio
- The Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Hans Rosenfeldt
- The Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - R Philip Yeager
- The Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Paul C Howard
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Yunan Tang
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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20
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Tang MS, Lee HW, Weng MW, Wang HT, Hu Y, Chen LC, Park SH, Chan HW, Xu J, Wu XR, Wang H, Yang R, Galdane K, Jackson K, Chu A, Halzack E. DNA damage, DNA repair and carcinogenicity: Tobacco smoke versus electronic cigarette aerosol. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108409. [PMID: 35690412 PMCID: PMC9208310 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The allure of tobacco smoking is linked to the instant gratification provided by inhaled nicotine. Unfortunately, tobacco curing and burning generates many mutagens including more than 70 carcinogens. There are two types of mutagens and carcinogens in tobacco smoke (TS): direct DNA damaging carcinogens and procarcinogens, which require metabolic activation to become DNA damaging. Recent studies provide three new insights on TS-induced DNA damage. First, two major types of TS DNA damage are induced by direct carcinogen aldehydes, cyclic-1,N2-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (γ-OH-PdG) and α-methyl-1, N2-γ-OH-PdG, rather than by the procarcinogens, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines. Second, TS reduces DNA repair proteins and activity levels. TS aldehydes also prevent procarcinogen activation. Based on these findings, we propose that aldehydes are major sources of TS induce DNA damage and a driving force for carcinogenesis. E-cigarettes (E-cigs) are designed to deliver nicotine in an aerosol state, without burning tobacco. E-cigarette aerosols (ECAs) contain nicotine, propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin. ECAs induce O6-methyl-deoxyguanosines (O6-medG) and cyclic γ-hydroxy-1,N2--propano-dG (γ-OH-PdG) in mouse lung, heart and bladder tissues and causes a reduction of DNA repair proteins and activity in lungs. Nicotine and nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) induce the same types of DNA adducts and cause DNA repair inhibition in human cells. After long-term exposure, ECAs induce lung adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial hyperplasia in mice. We propose that E-cig nicotine can be nitrosated in mouse and human cells becoming nitrosamines, thereby causing two carcinogenic effects, induction of DNA damage and inhibition of DNA repair, and that ECA is carcinogenic in mice. Thus, this article reviews the newest literature on DNA adducts and DNA repair inhibition induced by nicotine and ECAs in mice and cultured human cells, and provides insights into ECA carcinogenicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Shong Tang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States.
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Mao-Wen Weng
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Hsiang-Tsui Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Sung-Hyun Park
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Huei-Wei Chan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Jiheng Xu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Departmemt of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016, United States
| | - He Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson MedicalSchool, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Karen Galdane
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Kathryn Jackson
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Annie Chu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Elizabeth Halzack
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
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21
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Bisphenol A Alters the Energy Metabolism of Stromal Cells and Could Promote Bladder Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215461. [PMID: 34771623 PMCID: PMC8582525 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Our research brings new insight on the potential impact of bisphenol A on bladder cancer progression. By evaluating the effects of bisphenol A on the stromal environment of bladder cancer, we aimed to demonstrate that this endocrine disruptor could promote bladder cancer invasion through alteration of the energy metabolism of stromal cells, specifically on bladder fibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts. These findings could modify the understanding of bladder cancer since bladder tissue is not recognized as a hormone-sensitive tissue. Consequently, our study suggests that endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol A, could impact bladder cancer progression. Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting molecule used in plastics. Through its release in food and the environment, BPA can be found in humans and is mostly excreted in urine. The bladder is therefore continuously exposed to this compound. BPA can bind to multiple cell receptors involved in proliferation, migration and invasion pathways, and exposure to BPA is associated with cancer progression. Considering the physiological concentrations of BPA in urine, we tested the effect of nanomolar concentrations of BPA on the metabolism of bladder fibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Our results show that BPA led to a decreased metabolism in fibroblasts, which could alter the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, CAF induction triggered a metabolic switch, similar to the Warburg effect described in cancer cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that nanomolar concentrations of BPA could exacerbate this metabolic switch observed in CAFs via an increased glycolytic metabolism, leading to greater acidification of the extracellular environment. These findings suggest that chronic exposure to BPA could promote cancer progression through an alteration of the metabolism of stromal cells.
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22
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Mapping of population disparities in the cholangiocarcinoma urinary metabolome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21286. [PMID: 34711878 PMCID: PMC8553759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic diversity in urinary metabolomes of different geographical populations has been recognized recently. In this study, urinary metabolic signatures from Western (United Kingdom) and South-East Asian (Thai) cholangiocarcinoma patients were characterized to understand spectral variability due to host carcinogenic processes and/or exogenous differences (nutritional, environmental and pharmaceutical). Urinary liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC–MS) spectral profiles from Thai (healthy = 20 and cholangiocarcinoma = 14) and UK cohorts (healthy = 22 and cholangiocarcinoma = 10) were obtained and modelled using chemometric data analysis. Healthy metabolome disparities between the two distinct populations were primarily related to differences in dietary practices and body composition. Metabolites excreted due to drug treatment were dominant in urine specimens from cholangiocarcinoma patients, particularly in Western individuals. Urine from participants with sporadic (UK) cholangiocarcinoma contained greater levels of a nucleotide metabolite (uridine/pseudouridine). Higher relative concentrations of 7-methylguanine were observed in urine specimens from Thai cholangiocarcinoma patients. The urinary excretion of hippurate and methyladenine (gut microbial-host co-metabolites) showed a similar pattern of lower levels in patients with malignant biliary tumours from both countries. Intrinsic (body weight and body composition) and extrinsic (xenobiotic metabolism) factors were the main causes of disparities between the two populations. Regardless of the underlying aetiology, biological perturbations associated with cholangiocarcinoma urine metabolome signatures appeared to be influenced by gut microbial community metabolism. Dysregulation in nucleotide metabolism was associated with sporadic cholangiocarcinoma, possibly indicating differences in mitochondrial energy production pathways between cholangiocarcinoma tumour subtypes. Mapping population-specific metabolic disparities may aid in interpretation of disease processes and identification of candidate biomarkers.
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23
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Nikam SS, Gurjar M, Singhavi H, Patil A, Singh A, Villalta P, Chaturvedi P, Khariwala SS, Gota V, Stepanov I. Simultaneous analysis of urinary total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol, N'-nitrosonornicotine, and cotinine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20007. [PMID: 34625573 PMCID: PMC8501032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of exposure to harmful tobacco constituents are key tools for identifying individuals at risk and developing interventions and tobacco control measures. However, tobacco biomarker studies are scarce in many parts of the world with high prevalence of tobacco use. Our goal was to establish a robust method for simultaneous analysis of urinary total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), and cotinine at the Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) in Mumbai, India. These biomarkers are validated measures of exposure to the carcinogenic tobacco nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and NNN and the addictive alkaloid nicotine, respectively. The established method is characterized by excellent accuracy, linearity, and precision, and was successfully applied to the analysis of 15 smokeless tobacco (SLT) users and 15 non-users of tobacco recruited in Mumbai. This is the first report of establishment of such procedure in a laboratory in India, which offers the first in-country capacity for research on tobacco carcinogenesis in Indian SLT users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampada S Nikam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Training, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Murari Gurjar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Training, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Mumbai, India
| | | | - Anand Patil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Training, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Mumbai, India
| | | | - Peter Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Samir S Khariwala
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Vikram Gota
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Training, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Mumbai, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
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24
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Erber L, Goodman S, Jokipii Krueger CC, Rusyn I, Tretyakova N. Quantitative NanoLC/NSI +-HRMS Method for 1,3-Butadiene Induced bis-N7-guanine DNA-DNA Cross-Links in Urine. TOXICS 2021; 9:247. [PMID: 34678943 PMCID: PMC8540193 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Butadiene (BD) is a common environmental and industrial chemical widely used in plastic and rubber manufacturing and also present in cigarette smoke and automobile exhaust. BD is classified as a known human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in laboratory animals treated with BD by inhalation and epidemiological studies revealing an increased risk of leukemia and lymphohematopoietic cancers in workers occupationally exposed to BD. Upon exposure via inhalation, BD is bioactivated to several toxic epoxides including 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (EB), 3,4-epoxy-1,2-butanediol (EBD), and 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB); these are conjugated with glutathione and excreted as 2-(N-acetyl-L-cystein-S-yl)-1-hydroxybut-3-ene/1-(N-acetyl-L-cystein-S-yl)-2-hydroxybut-3-ene (MHBMA), 4-(N-acetyl-L-cystein-S-yl)-1,2-dihydroxybutane (DHBMA), and 1,4-bis-(N-acetyl-L-cystein-S-yl)butane-2,3-diol (bis-BDMA). Exposure to DEB generates monoalkylated DNA adducts, DNA-DNA crosslinks, and DNA-protein crosslinks, which can cause base substitutions, genomic rearrangements, and large genomic deletions. In this study, we developed a quantitative nanoLC/NSI+-HRMS methodology for 1,4-bis-(gua-7-yl)-2,3-butanediol (bis-N7G-BD) adducts in urine (LOD: 0.1 fmol/mL urine, LOQ: 1.0 fmol/mL urine). This novel method was used to quantify bis-N7G-BD in urine of mice treated with 590 ± 150 ppm BD for 2 weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week). Bis-N7G-BD was detected in urine of male and female BD-exposed mice (574.6 ± 206.0 and 571.1 ± 163.4 pg/mg of creatinine, respectively). In addition, major urinary metabolites of BD, bis-BDMA, MHBMA and DHBMA, were measured in the same samples. Urinary bis-N7G-BD adduct levels correlated with DEB-derived metabolite bis-BDMA (r = 0.80, Pearson correlation), but not with the EB-derived DNA adducts (EB-GII) or EB-derived metabolites MHBMA and DHBMA (r = 0.24, r = 0.14, r = 0.18, respectively, Pearson correlations). Urinary bis-N7G-BD could be employed as a novel non-invasive biomarker of exposure to BD and bioactivation to its most mutagenic metabolite, DEB. This method will be useful for future studies of 1,3-butadiene exposure and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Erber
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (L.E.); (C.C.J.K.)
| | - Samantha Goodman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Caitlin C. Jokipii Krueger
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (L.E.); (C.C.J.K.)
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Natalia Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (L.E.); (C.C.J.K.)
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Bjurlin MA, Matulewicz RS, Roberts TR, Dearing BA, Schatz D, Sherman S, Gordon T, Shahawy OE. Carcinogen Biomarkers in the Urine of Electronic Cigarette Users and Implications for the Development of Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review. Eur Urol Oncol 2021; 4:766-783. [PMID: 32192941 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has rapidly increased despite unclear longitudinal health effects. Once thought to be a safer alternative to tobacco smoke, it is possible that e-cigarettes expose the user to similar carcinogenic byproducts during the vaping process. These toxicants are metabolized and excreted in the urine, and may have oncogenic implications for bladder urothelium. OBJECTIVE To characterize and summarize known urinary carcinogenic biomarkers in e-cigarette users as they relate to the risk of developing bladder cancer. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic literature search was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and included PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals, through January 2019, that reported on urinary biomarkers in e-cigarettes users were included. Parent compounds and urinary biomarkers were classified according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and cross referenced using the Collaborative on Health and the Environment, Toxicant and Disease Database to determine a link to bladder cancer, grouped by strength of evidence. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Our initial search identified 1385 articles, 22 of which met final inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. In summation, these studies described 40 different parent compounds and four metals found in the urine of e-cigarette users. Since each parent compound can be metabolized several different ways, 63 unique toxicant or carcinogenic metabolite biomarkers were identified. Compared with nonuser controls, e-cigarette users had higher concentrations of urinary biomarkers of several carcinogenic compounds linked to bladder cancer. The majority of studies were limited by heterogeneous reporting and a dearth of control individuals who had never smoked. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers of carcinogens, several with a strong link to bladder cancer, are present in the urine of e-cigarette users. Long-term implications of urothelial exposure to these toxicants are unknown but concerning, given the similarities to tobacco smoke and its established relationship with bladder cancer. Further study on the urological safety of e-cigarettes is necessary. PATIENT SUMMARY Our review shows that several carcinogens that have a known link to bladder cancer are present in the urine of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users. Further study on the urological safety of e-cigarettes is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Bjurlin
- Department of Urology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | | | - Bianca A Dearing
- Section on Tobacco, Alcohol and Drug Use, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Schatz
- Section on Tobacco, Alcohol and Drug Use, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Office of Behavioral Health, Health + Hospitals, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Sherman
- Section on Tobacco, Alcohol and Drug Use, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omar El Shahawy
- Section on Tobacco, Alcohol and Drug Use, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Hu SC, Min S, Kang HK, Yang DJ, Lewis SM, Davis KJ, Patton RE, Bryant MS, Sepehr E, Trbojevich R, Pearce MG, Bishop ME, Heflich RH, Maisha MP, Felton R, Chemerynski S, Yee SB, Coraggio M, Rosenfeldt H, Yeager RP, Howard PC, Tang Y. 14-Day Nose-Only Inhalation Toxicity and Haber's Rule Study of NNK in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:319-337. [PMID: 34329464 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is one of the key tobacco-specific nitrosamines that plays an important role in human lung carcinogenesis. However, repeated inhalation toxicity data on NNK, which is more directly relevant to cigarette smoking, are currently limited. In the present study, the subacute inhalation toxicity of NNK was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. Both sexes (9-10 weeks age; 16 rats/sex/group) were exposed by nose-only inhalation to air, vehicle control (75% propylene glycol), or 0.8, 3.2, 12.5, or 50 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day of NNK (NNK aerosol concentrations: 0, 0, 0.03, 0.11, 0.41, or 1.65 mg/L air) for 1 hour/day for 14 consecutive days. Toxicity was evaluated by assessing body and organ weights; food consumption; clinical pathology; histopathology observations; blood, urine, and tissue levels of NNK, its major metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and their glucuronides (reported as total NNK, tNNK, and total NNAL, tNNAL, respectively); O6-methylguanine DNA adduct formation; and blood and bone marrow micronucleus frequency. Whether the subacute inhalation toxicity of NNK followed Haber's Rule was also determined using additional animals exposed 4 hours/day. The results showed that NNK exposure caused multiple significant adverse effects, with the most sensitive endpoint being non-neoplastic histopathological lesions in the nose. The lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) was 0.8 mg/kg BW/day or 0.03 mg/L air for 1 hour/day for both sexes. An assessment of Haber's Rule indicated that 14-day inhalation exposure to the same dose at a lower concentration of NNK aerosol for a longer time (4 hours daily) resulted in greater adverse effects than exposure to a higher concentration of NNK aerosol for a shorter time (1 hour daily).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chieh Hu
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR
| | - Seonggi Min
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR
| | - Hyun-Ki Kang
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR
| | - Dong-Jin Yang
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR
| | - Sherry M Lewis
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR
| | - Kelly J Davis
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR
| | - Ralph E Patton
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR
| | - Matthew S Bryant
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR
| | - Estatira Sepehr
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR
| | - Raul Trbojevich
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR
| | - Mason G Pearce
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR
| | - Michelle E Bishop
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR
| | - Robert H Heflich
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR
| | - MacKean P Maisha
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR
| | - Robert Felton
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR
| | - Susan Chemerynski
- The Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Steven B Yee
- The Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Melis Coraggio
- The Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Hans Rosenfeldt
- The Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - R Philip Yeager
- The Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Paul C Howard
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR
| | - Yunan Tang
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR
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Sibul F, Burkhardt T, Kachhadia A, Pilz F, Scherer G, Scherer M, Pluym N. Identification of biomarkers specific to five different nicotine product user groups: Study protocol of a controlled clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 22:100794. [PMID: 34189337 PMCID: PMC8219643 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Assessing biomarker profiles in various body fluids is of large value to discern between the sole use of nicotine products. In particular, the assessment of the product compliance is required for long-term clinical studies. The objective of this study was the identification of biomarkers and biomarker patterns in body fluids, to distinguish between combustibles, heated tobacco products, electronic cigarettes, oral tobacco and oral/dermal nicotine products used for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), as well as a control group of non-users. Methods A controlled, single-center study was conducted with 60 healthy subjects, divided into 6 groups (5 nicotine product user groups and one non-user group) based on their sole use of the products of choice. The subjects were confined for 76 h, during which, free and uncontrolled use of the products was provided. Sample collections were performed according to the study time schedule provided in Table 2. The primary outcome will be validated through analysis of the collected biospecimens (urine, blood, saliva, exhaled breath and exhaled breath condensate) by means of untargeted omics approaches (i.e. exposomics, breathomics and adductomics). Secondary outcome will include established biomarker quantification methods to allow for the identification of typical biomarker patterns. Statistical analysis tools will be used to specifically discriminate different product use categories. Results/Conclusions The clinical trial was successfully completed in May 2020, resulting in sample management and preparations for the quantitative and qualitative analyses. This work will serve as a solid basis to discern between biomarker profiles of different nicotine product user groups. The knowledge collected during this research will be required to develop prototype diagnostic tools that can reliably assess the differences and evaluate possible health risks of various nicotine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Sibul
- Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Therese Burkhardt
- Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Alpeshkumar Kachhadia
- Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Fabian Pilz
- Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Scherer
- Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Max Scherer
- Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Nikola Pluym
- Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany
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Kindilien S, Goldberg E. Household tobacco smoke exposure and acrylonitrile metabolite levels in a US pediatric sample. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:103616. [PMID: 33609751 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study seeks to determine if members of a pediatric (<18 years) sample who have high levels of the urinary volatile organic compound (VOC) metabolite of acrylonitrile, N-Acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-l-cysteine (CYMA), are significantly more likely to be living in a household with indoor tobacco smoke exposure. A weighted logistic regression was used to compare pediatric participants in the highest quartile of CYMA levels (≥ 4.56 ng/mL) with those whose CYMA levels were not in the highest quartile. 411 pediatric participants were identified in the NHANES data for analysis. Those in the highest quartile of recorded CYMA values were more likely to be living with active indoor smokers (69.35 %) than those who were not in the highest quartile (32.72 %). Having one indoor smoker (adjusted-OR: 2.53, 95 % CI: 1.01-6.34) or 2+ indoor smokers (adjusted-OR: 4.25, 95 % CI: 1.84-9.81) were both associated with a pediatric participant having a CYMA value in the highest quartile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Kindilien
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 2502 Marble Ave, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, United States.
| | - Elle Goldberg
- Quality Outcomes, Outcomes Research Team, The University of New Mexico Hospital, 933 Bradbury Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, United States.
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Cardillo F, Bonfim M, da Silva Vasconcelos Sousa P, Mengel J, Ribeiro Castello-Branco LR, Pinho RT. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy for Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050439. [PMID: 34062708 PMCID: PMC8147207 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), an attenuated vaccine from Mycobacterium bovis, was initially developed as an agent for vaccination against tuberculosis. BCG proved to be the first successful immunotherapy against established human bladder cancer and other neoplasms. The use of BCG has been shown to induce a long-lasting antitumor response over all other forms of treatment against intermediate, non-invasive muscle bladder cancer Several types of tumors may now be treated by releasing the immune response through the blockade of checkpoint inhibitory molecules, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1. In addition, Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) agonists and BCG are used to potentiate the immune response against tumors. Studies concerning TLR-ligands combined with BCG to treat melanoma have demonstrated efficacy in treating mice and patients This review addresses several interventions using BCG on neoplasms, such as Leukemia, Bladder Cancer, Lung Cancer, and Melanoma, describing treatments and antitumor responses promoted by this attenuated bacillus. Of essential importance, BCG is described recently to participate in an adequate microbiome, establishing an effective response during cell-target therapy when combined with anti-PD-1 antibody, which stimulates T cell responses against the melanoma. Finally, trained immunity is discussed, and reprogramming events to shape innate immune responses are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Cardillo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Structural Pathology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maiara Bonfim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Structural Pathology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil;
| | - Periela da Silva Vasconcelos Sousa
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (P.d.S.V.S.); (J.M.); (R.T.P.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Marine Biotechnology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ 24220-008, Brazil
| | - José Mengel
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (P.d.S.V.S.); (J.M.); (R.T.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Petropolis, UNIFASE, Petropolis, RJ 25680-120, Brazil
| | | | - Rosa Teixeira Pinho
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (P.d.S.V.S.); (J.M.); (R.T.P.)
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30
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Arnold MJ, Nollen NL, Mayo MS, Ahluwalia JS, Leavens EL, Zhang G, Rice M, Pulvers K. Harm reduction associated with dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes in Black and Latino smokers: Secondary analyses from a randomized controlled e-cigarette switching trial. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:1972-1976. [PMID: 33837422 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most adult cigarette smokers who use e-cigarettes are dual cigarette and e-cigarette (CC-EC) users, yet little is known about relative consumption of cigarettes to e-cigarettes and any associated harm reduction. METHODS Rate of substitution from cigarettes to e-cigarettes at week 6 and change in biomarkers of exposure and potential harm were examined among dual CC-EC users [64/114 (56%); 35 Black, 29 Latino] in an e-cigarette switching randomized trial. RESULTS Dual users averaged 79% substitution of cigarettes for e-cigarettes at week 6, resulting in a reduction from baseline of 70.0 ± 54.1 cigarettes per week (p < .001). Total nicotine consumption remained stable (baseline: 1160.5 ± 1042.1 pg/mL of cotinine, week 6: 1312.5 ± 1725.9 pg/mL of cotinine, p = .47), while significant reductions were seen in the potent lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridul)-1-butanol (NNAL) (-55.9 ± 88.6 ng/ml, p < .001), carbon monoxide (-6.3 ± 8.6 ppm, p < .001), and self-reported respiratory symptoms (-3.3 ± 8.0, p = .002). No significant changes were found in blood pressure or spirometry. Greater substitution from cigarettes to e-cigarettes was associated with larger reductions in NNAL (r = -.29, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS The predominant dual use pattern was characterized by regular e-cigarette and intermittent cigarette use. Findings demonstrate the short-term harm reduction potential of this dual use pattern in Black and Latino smokers and suggest that the greatest benefit, aside from cessation of both products, is achieved by higher substitution of e-cigarettes for cigarettes. Findings need confirmation in a larger sample with longer follow-up in dual users with greater variability in rate of substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Arnold
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Nicole L Nollen
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Matthew S Mayo
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jasjit S Ahluwalia
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences and the Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eleanor L Leavens
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Guanlin Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Myra Rice
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
| | - Kim Pulvers
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
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You HS, Lee JW, Kim YS, Kim Y, Lee HC, Hwang JY, Yang W, Kang HT. Association between Second-hand Smoke Exposure and Urinary NNAL Level in Korean Adolescents. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e82. [PMID: 33821591 PMCID: PMC8021977 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) is a metabolite of tobacco-specific lung carcinogen that can be found in both smokers and non-smokers. Particularly, NNAL levels of children with a history of exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) are higher than those of adults. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between SHS exposure and urine NNAL levels in Korean adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII. Overall, 648 never-smoking adolescents (425 boys and 223 girls) aged 12 to 18 were included in this study. Logistic regression analyses identified the relationship between SHS exposure and elevated urine NNAL levels. RESULTS The mean urine NNAL levels of the no exposure and exposure group in boys were 1.39 and 2.26 ng/mL, respectively, whereas they were 1.01 and 2.45 ng/mL in girls, respectively (P < 0.001). Among the adolescents exposed to SHS, the confounder-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) for elevated urine NNAL levels according to exposure area as overall, home, and public area were 2.68 (1.58-4.53), 31.02 (9.46-101.74), and 1.89 (1.12-3.17) in boys; and 6.50 (3.22-13.11), 20.09 (7.08-57.04), and 3.94 (1.98-7.77) in girls, respectively. CONCLUSION SHS exposure was significantly associated with elevated urine NNAL levels in Korean adolescents, particularly in female adolescents and in those with home exposure. These findings remind us of the need to protect adolescents from SHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Sun You
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ye Seul Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yonghwan Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyeong Cheol Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Young Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Woojung Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hee Taik Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
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Kawasaki Y, Li YS, Watanabe S, Ootsuyama Y, Kawai K. Urinary biomarkers for secondhand smoke and heated tobacco products exposure. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 69:37-43. [PMID: 34376912 PMCID: PMC8325761 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns have recently grown about the health effects of secondhand smoke exposure and heated tobacco products. The analysis of tobacco smoke biomarkers is critical to assess the health effects of tobacco smoke exposure. For this purpose, the simultaneous determinations of exposure markers and health effect markers would provide a better evaluation of smoke exposure. In this study, nicotine metabolites (nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in urine were analyzed as exposure markers. The DNA damage markers, 7-methylguanine and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, were simultaneously measured as health effect markers. The results revealed significant levels of urinary nicotine metabolites and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in the subjects exposed to secondhand smoke and heated tobacco products. In addition, the urinary levels of 7-methylguanine and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine tended to be high for secondhand smoke and heated tobacco products exposures, as compared to those of non-smokers. These biomarkers will be useful for evaluating tobacco smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kawasaki
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yun-Shan Li
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Sintaroo Watanabe
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.,Japan Marine United Corporation Kure Shipyard, 2-1 Showa-cho, Kure 737-0027, Japan
| | - Yuko Ootsuyama
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kawai
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.,Center for Stress-related Disease Control and Prevention, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Keir JLA, Cakmak S, Blais JM, White PA. The influence of demographic and lifestyle factors on urinary levels of PAH metabolites-empirical analyses of Cycle 2 (2009-2011) CHMS data. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:386-397. [PMID: 32066882 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of compounds formed during the incomplete combustion of organic matter. Several are mutagenic carcinogens; the magnitude of exposure can be assessed by examining urinary levels of PAH metabolites. Data from biomonitoring studies that record urinary PAH metabolite levels, as well as demographic and lifestyle information, can be used to investigate relationships between PAH exposure and variables, such as smoking status, workplace smoking restrictions, age, sex, household income, home age, and occupation. This study analysed creatinine-adjusted urinary PAH metabolite concentrations and questionnaire data from ~1200 individuals aged 16 years and older surveyed in Cycle 2 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). Statistical analyses revealed that smoking status, age, and sex are associated with urinary concentrations of a pyrene metabolite (1-OHP), phenanthrene metabolites (ΣOH-Phen), fluorene metabolites (ΣOH-Flu) and naphthalene metabolites (ΣOH-Nap). More specifically, smoking status, age and sex can collectively account for 30, 24, 52, and 34% of the observed variations in 1-OHP, ΣOH-Phen, ΣOH-Flu and ΣOH-Nap metabolites, respectively (p < 0.001). Analyses of non-smokers revealed weak but significant effects of age, sex, home age, and occupation on urinary levels of selected PAH metabolites (i.e., <7% of observed variation, p < 0.05). The unexplained variation in PAH metabolite levels is most likely related to diet, which was not examined. Although the results revealed significant relationships between urinary PAH metabolite levels and several lifestyle and/or demographic variables, robust examinations of selected effects (e.g., sex, home age, occupation) will require datasets that are balanced with respect to the other highlighted variables. The results can be used to identify remedial measures to reduce exposure and concomitant risk, and/or design follow-up studies to test hypotheses regarding the causes of exposure differences empirically related to sex, age, home age, and occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L A Keir
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sabit Cakmak
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jules M Blais
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Paul A White
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
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Bracken-Clarke D, Kapoor D, Baird AM, Buchanan PJ, Gately K, Cuffe S, Finn SP. Vaping and lung cancer - A review of current data and recommendations. Lung Cancer 2021; 153:11-20. [PMID: 33429159 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide and, while tobacco smoke remains the primary cause, there is increasing concern that vaping and E-cigarette use may also increase lung cancer risk. This review concentrates on the current data, scholarship and active foci of research regarding potential cancer risk and oncogenic mechanisms of vaping and lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a literature review of current and historical publications on lung cancer oncogenesis, vaping device/e-liquid contents and daughter products, molecular oncogenic mechanisms and the fundamental, potentially oncogenic, effects of electronic cigarette smoke/e-liquid products. RESULTS E-cigarette devices and vaping fluids demonstrably contain a series of both definite and probable oncogens including nicotine derivatives (e.g. nitrosnornicotine, nitrosamine ketone), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals (including organometal compounds) and aldehydes/other complex organic compounds. These arise both as constituents of the e-liquid (with many aldehydes and other complex organics used as flavourings) and as a result of pyrolysis/complex organic reactions in the electronic cigarette device (including unequivocal carcinogens such as formaldehyde - formed from pyrolysis of glycerol). Various studies demonstrate in vitro transforming and cytotoxic activity of these derivatives. E-cigarette device use has been significantly increasing - particularly amongst the younger cohort and non-smokers; thus, this is an area of significant concern for the future. CONCLUSION Although research remains somewhat equivocal, there is clear reason for concern regarding the potential oncogenicity of E-Cigarettes/E-Liquids with a strong basic and molecular science basis. Given lag times (extrapolating from tobacco smoke data) of perhaps 20 years, this may have significant future public health implications. Thus, the authors feel further study in this field is strongly warranted and consideration should be made for tighter control and regulation of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhruv Kapoor
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul James Buchanan
- DCU Cancer Research, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; National Institute of Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathy Gately
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College School of Medicine and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Pathology, St James' Hospital and Trinity College School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
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35
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Li W, Liu B. Comparing cotinine and NNAL verification of self-reported smoking status among lung cancer screening eligible population from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Biomarkers 2020; 26:45-54. [PMID: 33210550 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1853810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Biochemical verification of self-reported smoking status is not common among the population eligible for lung cancer screening (LCS). Methods: We used urinary NNAL (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides) and serum cotinine as the gold standard to determine the validity and reliability of self-reported smoking status from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Results: We found 2.3% (n = 652, equivalent to 5.3 million weighted population) of adults eligible for LCS according to the current United States Preventive Services Task Force guideline. Self-reported current smoking status performed similarly against NNAL and cotinine: sensitivity [89.7% (95%CI: 84.9%-94.5%) vs. 89.5% (95%CI: 84.8%-94.3%)]; specificity [99.7% (95%CI: 99.2%-100.0%) vs. 100% (95%CI:100%-100%)]; positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 99.8% (95%CI:99.4%-100.0%) versus 100% (95%CI:100%-100%) and 85.3% (95%CI: 79.1%-91.5%) versus 85.1% (95%CI: 79.1%-1.0%), respectively; and Kappa [86.5% (95%CI:80.5%-92.5%) vs. 86.5% (95%CI:80.6%-92.3%)]. Performance measures were better among females than males; worst among the non-Hispanic white and best among other race/ethnicity group. The validity and reliability of self-reported smoking status increased with increasing cutpoint levels of both NNAL and cotinine. Conclusions: Self-reported smoking status among people who are at high risk of lung cancer is reasonably reliable. The difference between using NNAL and cotinine appears to be minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Li
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bian Liu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Smith DM, O'connor RJ, Wei B, Travers M, Hyland A, Goniewicz ML. Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure Among Concurrent Users (Co-Users) of Tobacco and Cannabis. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:1354-1363. [PMID: 31388679 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking cannabis may potentially increase exposure to numerous toxic chemicals that are commonly associated with tobacco use. There is a paucity of data related to toxicant exposures among concurrent users of tobacco and cannabis (co-users). METHODS Data are from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Wave 1 Biomarker Restricted-Use Files. Analyses focused on adults who provided urine samples (N = 5859). Urine samples were analyzed for biomarkers of exposure to nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds. Using weighted linear regression, we compared adjusted geometric mean concentrations of 15 biomarkers between user groups of various tobacco product types according to their self-reported past 30-day cannabis use. RESULTS Past 30-day cannabis use was similar across various types of tobacco product use subgroups (range: 13%-23%) and significantly more common compared to non-tobacco users (1.0%; p < .001). Across all groups of tobacco users, those who co-used cannabis exhibited significantly higher concentrations of the biomarker of exposure to acrylonitrile (CYMA) compared to non-cannabis users (by 39%-464%). Tobacco-cannabis co-users also showed significantly elevated levels of the biomarker of exposure to acrylamide (AAMA) compared to exclusive tobacco users, and significantly higher exposure to many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (including fluorene and pyrene). CONCLUSIONS Co-users exhibited higher concentrations for biomarkers of exposure to many combustion byproducts, compared to exclusive tobacco users. More robust measurements of cannabis use can address potential confounding in assessments of exposures to tobacco-related constituents, and potential health effects resulting from co-use. IMPLICATIONS With disproportionately greater rates of cannabis use occurring among tobacco users, it is critical to consider how concurrent cannabis use may influence health-related outcomes among smokers. Our findings suggest potential additive toxicant exposures among co-users of tobacco and cannabis. Lack of consideration and measurement of cannabis use in assessing tobacco-related exposures may confound estimates thought to be attributable to tobacco, particularly for non-specific biomarkers. Assessing tobacco and cannabis use in tandem will allow for more precise measurement of outcomes related to one or both substances, and can provide additional information on potential health effects related to co-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Smith
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Richard J O'connor
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Binnian Wei
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Mark Travers
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Maciej L Goniewicz
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
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Peterson LA, Balbo S, Fujioka N, Hatsukami DK, Hecht SS, Murphy SE, Stepanov I, Tretyakova NY, Turesky RJ, Villalta PW. Applying Tobacco, Environmental, and Dietary-Related Biomarkers to Understand Cancer Etiology and Evaluate Prevention Strategies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1904-1919. [PMID: 32051197 PMCID: PMC7423750 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human cancers are caused by environmental and lifestyle factors. Biomarkers of exposure and risk developed by our team have provided critical data on internal exposure to toxic and genotoxic chemicals and their connection to cancer in humans. This review highlights our research using biomarkers to identify key factors influencing cancer risk as well as their application to assess the effectiveness of exposure intervention and chemoprevention protocols. The use of these biomarkers to understand individual susceptibility to the harmful effects of tobacco products is a powerful example of the value of this type of research and has provided key data confirming the link between tobacco smoke exposure and cancer risk. Furthermore, this information has led to policy changes that have reduced tobacco use and consequently, the tobacco-related cancer burden. Recent technological advances in mass spectrometry led to the ability to detect DNA damage in human tissues as well as the development of adductomic approaches. These new methods allowed for the detection of DNA adducts in tissues from patients with cancer, providing key evidence that exposure to carcinogens leads to DNA damage in the target tissue. These advances will provide valuable insights into the etiologic causes of cancer that are not tobacco-related.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Environmental Carcinogenesis: Pathways to Prevention."
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Peterson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Naomi Fujioka
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sharon E Murphy
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Peter W Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Kawasaki Y, Li YS, Ootsuyama Y, Nagata K, Yamato H, Kawai K. Effects of smoking cessation on biological monitoring markers in urine. Genes Environ 2020; 42:26. [PMID: 32944094 PMCID: PMC7488543 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-020-00165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urinary nicotine and cotinine levels are often measured as biomarkers for tobacco smoke exposure. However, these biomarkers are not appropriate to evaluate the effects of quitting smoking for several days, because of their short half-lives. In this study, we focused on the changes in the urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) levels of 55 patients in a smoking cessation program, because of the long half-life. At the same time, urinary 7-methylguanine (m7Gua) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as DNA damage markers of cigarette smoking, were also measured. RESULTS In the subjects who completed the quit-smoking program (18 subjects out of 55), the urinary nicotine and cotinine levels decreased to 1.7 and 0.2% at 8 weeks after the first visit to the clinic. By contrast, the NNAL levels decreased to 12.3% at 8 weeks after quitting smoking. During the same period, the urinary m7Gua levels significantly decreased, from 27.32 μg/mg creatinine to 14.17 μg/mg creatinine by the elimination of subjects who showed increased levels of NNAL during the smoking cessation program. The 8-OHdG levels were also reduced within the same period, but were not significantly different. From the all data analysis, the urinary levels of cotinine and NNAL positively correlated with the level of m7Gua. CONCLUSIONS NNAL may be an appropriate exposure marker for evaluating the smoking status of patients in a smoking cessation program. The urinary cotinine and NNAL levels positively correlated with the m7Gua levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kawasaki
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555 Japan
| | - Yun-Shan Li
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555 Japan
| | - Yuko Ootsuyama
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nagata
- Nagata Medical Clinic, 4-3-1 Takasu Higashi, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0144 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamato
- Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kawai
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555 Japan
- Center for Stress-related Disease Control and Prevention, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555 Japan
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Forghanifard MM, Aarabi A, Nasiri Aghdam M, Memar B, Hasanzadeh Khayat M, Dadkhah E, Abbaszadegan MR. GSTs polymorphisms are associated with epigenetic silencing of CDKN2A gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:31269-31277. [PMID: 32488710 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer and the sixth most frequent cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed by incomplete combustion of organic matter is an important risk factor. Genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding PAH-metabolizing enzymes like glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1) which conjugate glutathione to PAHs for reduction of oxidative stress may affect an individual's response to PAH exposure. Genomic DNA from 50 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients extracted from peripheral blood. PCR-RFLP technique was employed to determine GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms. Aberrant promoter methylation of CDKN2A was applied by methylation-specific PCR technique. Concentration of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene was determined using a HPLC system. About 38.7% showed the null GSTM1 genotype (54% cases and 13% controls), 23.7% showed GSTT1 null genotype (30% cases and 13% controls), and 62.5% were GSTP1 A/A genotype (66% cases and 56% controls). Polymorphic variants of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were significantly associated with aberrant methylation of CDKN2A gene. The null state of GSTT1 was significantly associated with high concentrations of 1-OHP in urea (p < 0.01). There was significant association between methylated states of CDKN2A and high concentrations of 1-OHP in urine (p < 0.01). We identified significant association between polymorphism of GSTs genes and epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azadeh Aarabi
- Immunology research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasiri Aghdam
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahram Memar
- Department of Pathology, Omeed Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9196773117, Iran
| | | | - Ezzat Dadkhah
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
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Nollen NL, Cox LS, Mayo MS, Ellerbeck EF, Ahluwalia JS. Counseling alone or in combination with nicotine replacement therapy for treatment of black non-daily smokers: a randomized trial. Addiction 2020; 115:1547-1560. [PMID: 31899564 DOI: 10.1111/add.14948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS One-third of US tobacco users are non-daily smokers (NDS). Black NDS have strikingly high levels of nicotine and carcinogen exposure. No smoking cessation studies have been conducted with this high-risk group. This study compared the effectiveness in black NDS of smoking cessation counseling alone or in combination with the participant's choice of nicotine replacement therapy. DESIGN Two-arm parallel-group individually randomized clinical trial (allocation ratio of 2 : 1 intervention to control) SETTING: Academic medical and federally qualified health centers in three US cities. PARTICIPANTS Non-Hispanic black adult NDS receiving counseling with nicotine replacement therapy (C + NRT, n = 185) or counseling alone (C, n = 93). INTERVENTIONS Twelve weeks of in-person and telephone smoking cessation counseling in combination with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT; C + NRT) or counseling alone (C). All participants received five sessions of counseling; those randomized to C + NRT received their choice of nicotine gum, patch and/or lozenge after a 9-day product trial period. The target quit day was set at 2 weeks post-baseline for both groups. MEASUREMENTS Primary outcome was biochemically verified 30-day abstinence at week 12. Secondary outcomes were change in nicotine and carcinogen exposure [4-(methynitrosamino)-1-(3) pyridyle-1-butanol; NNAL] and tobacco consumption patterns. FINDINGS Abstinence was 11.4% in C + NRT and 8.6% in C [odds ratio (OR) = 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.6, 3.2, P = 0.48]. Both groups experienced significant reduction in NNAL (C + NRT: 53% reduction, C: 50% reduction, within-group P < 0.0001) but non-significant changes in cotinine (P = 0.69). C + NRT reported more days abstinent (P < 0.001) and fewer total cigarettes (P = 0.002) compared with C. There was no evidence of compensation with other tobacco products. CONCLUSIONS Among black non-daily smokers in the United States, there was no difference in abstinence between nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and counseling alone. NRT led to greater increase in days abstinent and reduction in cigarettes, with no evidence of compensation from other sources of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Nollen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lisa Sanderson Cox
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Matthew S Mayo
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Edward F Ellerbeck
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jasjit S Ahluwalia
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Glutathione S-transferasesP1 AA (105Ile) allele increases oral cancer risk, interacts strongly with c-Jun Kinase and weakly detoxifies areca-nut metabolites. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6032. [PMID: 32265484 PMCID: PMC7138809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) protects cellular DNA against oxidative damage. The role of GSTP1 polymorphism (A313G; Ile105Val) as a susceptibility factor in oral cancer was evaluated in a hospital-based case-control study in North-East India, because the habit of chewing raw areca-nut (RAN) with/without tobacco is common in this region. Genetic polymorphism was investigated by genotyping 445 cases and 444 controls. Individuals with the GSTP1 AA-genotype showed association with the oral cancer (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 2.4–4.2, p = 0.0002). Even after adjusting for age, sex and habit the AA-genotype is found to be significantly associated with oral cancer (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.7–3.2, p = 0.0001). A protein-protein docking analysis demonstrated that in the GG-genotype the binding geometry between c-Jun Kinase and GSTP1 was disrupted. It was validated by immunohistochemistry in human samples, showing lower c-Jun-phosphorylation and down-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes in normal oral epithelial cells with the AA-genotype. In silico docking revealed that AA-genotype weakly detoxifies the RAN/tobacco metabolites. In addition, experiments revealed a higher level of 8-Oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine induction in tumor samples with the AA-genotype. Thus, habit of using RAN/tobacco and GSTP1 AA-genotype together play a significant role in predisposition to oral cancer risk by showing higher DNA-lesions and lower c-Jun phosphorylation that may inhibit apoptosis.
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Barr DB, Puttaswamy N, Jaacks LM, Steenland K, Rajkumar S, Gupton S, Ryan PB, Balakrishnan K, Peel JL, Checkley W, Clasen T, Clark ML. Design and Rationale of the Biomarker Center of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Trial. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:47010. [PMID: 32347765 PMCID: PMC7228115 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers of exposure, susceptibility, and effect are fundamental for understanding environmental exposures, mechanistic pathways of effect, and monitoring early adverse outcomes. To date, no study has comprehensively evaluated a large suite and variety of biomarkers in household air pollution (HAP) studies in concert with exposure and outcome data. The Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial is a liquified petroleum gas (LPG) fuel/stove randomized intervention trial enrolling 800 pregnant women in each of four countries (i.e., Peru, Guatemala, Rwanda, and India). Their offspring will be followed from birth through 12 months of age to evaluate the role of pre- and postnatal exposure to HAP from biomass burning cookstoves in the control arm and LPG stoves in the intervention arm on growth and respiratory outcomes. In addition, up to 200 older adult women per site are being recruited in the same households to evaluate indicators of cardiopulmonary, metabolic, and cancer outcomes. OBJECTIVES Here we describe the rationale and ultimate design of a comprehensive biomarker plan to enable us to explore more fully how exposure is related to disease outcome. METHODS HAPIN enrollment and data collection began in May 2018 and will continue through August 2021. As a part of data collection, dried blood spot (DBS) and urine samples are being collected three times during pregnancy in pregnant women and older adult women. DBS are collected at birth for the child. DBS and urine samples are being collected from the older adult women and children three times throughout the child's first year of life. Exposure biomarkers that will be longitudinally measured in all participants include urinary hydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic chemical metabolites, metals/metalloids, levoglucosan, and cotinine. Biomarkers of effect, including inflammation, endothelial and oxidative stress biomarkers, lung cancer markers, and other clinically relevant measures will be analyzed in urine, DBS, or blood products from the older adult women. Similarly, genomic/epigenetic markers, microbiome, and metabolomics will be measured in older adult women samples. DISCUSSION Our study design will yield a wealth of biomarker data to evaluate, in great detail, the link between exposures and health outcomes. In addition, our design is comprehensive and innovative by including cutting-edge measures such as metabolomics and epigenetics. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5751.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Naveen Puttaswamy
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air Quality, Climate and Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research (Deemed University), Chennai, India
| | - Lindsay M. Jaacks
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle Steenland
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah Rajkumar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air Quality, Climate and Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research (Deemed University), Chennai, India
| | - Savannah Gupton
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - P. Barry Ryan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air Quality, Climate and Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research (Deemed University), Chennai, India
| | - Jennifer L. Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - William Checkley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Clasen
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maggie L. Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - (HAPIN Investigative Team)
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air Quality, Climate and Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research (Deemed University), Chennai, India
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Sarlak S, Lalou C, Amoedo ND, Rossignol R. Metabolic reprogramming by tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 98:154-166. [PMID: 31699542 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer and the link between oncogenes activation, tumor supressors inactivation and bioenergetics modulation is well established. However, numerous carcinogenic environmental factors are responsible for early cancer initiation and their impact on metabolic reprogramming just starts to be deciphered. For instance, it was recently shown that UVB irradiation triggers metabolic reprogramming at the pre-cancer stage with implication for skin cancer detection and therapy. These observations foster the need to study the early changes in tissue metabolism following exposure to other carcinogenic events. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), tobacco smoke is a major class I-carcinogenic environmental factor that contains different carcinogens, but little is known on the impact of tobacco smoke on tissue metabolism and its participation to cancer initiation. In particular, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) play a central role in tobacco-smoke mediated cancer initiation. Here we describe the recent advances that have led to a new hypothesis regarding the link between nitrosamines signaling and metabolic reprogramming in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saharnaz Sarlak
- INSERM U1211, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux University, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claude Lalou
- INSERM U1211, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux University, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nivea Dias Amoedo
- CELLOMET, Functional Genomics Center (CGFB), 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- INSERM U1211, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux University, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CELLOMET, Functional Genomics Center (CGFB), 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Zielinska-Blizniewska H, Malinowska K, Zajdel K, Zakonnik L, Zajdel R. A Summary of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Evaluating the Impact of E-Cigarette Exposure on Living Organisms and the Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020652. [PMID: 31963832 PMCID: PMC7013895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide use of electronic cigarettes has been rapidly expanding over recent years, but the long-term effect of e-cigarette vapor exposure on human health and environment is not well established; however, its mechanism of action entails the production of reactive oxygen species and trace metals, and the exacerbation of inflammation, which are associated with potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The present study examines the effects of selected liquid chemicals used in e-cigarettes, such as propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin, nicotine and flavorings, on living organisms; the data collected indicates that exposure to e-cigarette liquid has potentially detrimental effects on cells in vitro, and on animals and humans in vivo. While e-liquid exposure can adversely influence the physiology of living organisms, vaping is recommended as an alternative for tobacco smoking. The study also compares the impact of e-cigarette liquid exposure and traditional cigarette smoke on organisms and the environmental impact. The environmental influence of e-cigarette use is closely connected with the emission of airborne particulate matter, suggesting the possibility of passive smoking. The obtained data provides an insight into the impact of nicotine delivery systems on living organisms and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-663-626-667
| | - Przemyslaw Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | | | - Katarzyna Malinowska
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-725 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Lukasz Zakonnik
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Radoslaw Zajdel
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
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Giovino GA, Swan GE, Blount B, O'Malley S, Brown DC, Hendershot TP. PhenX: Host: Biobehavioral measures for tobacco regulatory research. Tob Control 2020; 29:s13-s19. [PMID: 31992659 PMCID: PMC8127015 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-054975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A working group (WG) of experts from diverse fields related to nicotine and tobacco addiction was constituted to identify constructs and measures for the PhenX (Phenotypes and eXposures) Tobacco Regulatory Research (TRR) Host: Biobehavioral Collection with potential relevance to users of both conventional and newer tobacco products. This paper describes the methods and results the WG used to identify, select, approve and place measures in the PhenX TRR Collection. The WG recognised 13 constructs of importance to guide their categorisation of measures already in the PhenX Toolkit ('complementary measures') and to identify novel or improved measures of special relevance to tobacco regulatory science. In addition to the 22 complementary measures of relevance to tobacco use already in the PhenX Toolkit, the WG identified and recommended nine additional Host: Biobehavioral measures characterising the use, exposure and health outcomes of tobacco products for application to TRR. Of these, five were self-administered or interviewer-administered measures: amount, type and frequency of recent tobacco use; flavor preference in e-cigarette users (adult and youth); pregnancy status and tobacco use; pregnancy status-mother and baby health and withdrawal from tobacco use. The remaining four measures were laboratory-based: cotinine in serum, expired carbon monoxide, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in urine and cue reactivity. Although a number of validated tools are now available in the Host: Biobehavioral Collection, several gaps were identified, including a need to develop and test the identified measures in adolescent samples and to develop or identify measures of nicotine dependence, tolerance and withdrawal associated with newer non-combusted tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Giovino
- Department of Health Behavior, University at Buffalo; SUNY, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gary E Swan
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ben Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Darigg C Brown
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Burchiel SW, Lauer FT, Factor-Litvak P, Liu X, Santella RM, Islam T, Eunus M, Alam N, Islam T, Rahman M, Ahmed A, Ahsan H, Graziano J, Parvez F. An increase in circulating B cells and B cell activation markers in peripheral blood is associated with cigarette smoking in a male cohort in Bangladesh. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 384:114783. [PMID: 31669812 PMCID: PMC6886671 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In a cohort of approximately 200 Bangladeshi men, equally divided into smokers and non-smokers and equally divided by exposure to high and low levels of drinking water arsenic, we examined ex vivo a series of immune markers and immune function tests in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). These immune parameters included PBMC cell surface markers (CSM) for B, T, monocytes, and NK cells, activated T and B cell markers, cytokine production in vitro, and analysis of CD4 subsets (Th1, Th2, Treg, and Th17 cells). We found that the effects of cigarette smoke were quite different than those associated with arsenic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts. Cigarette smoking was associated with a significant increase in the number of PAH-DNA adducts as well as an increase in urinary levels of 1-hydropxypyrene (1-OHP). After correcting for arsenic exposure and PAH-DNA adducts, we found that cigarette smoking was associated with an increase in the percentage of CD19+ B cells, as well as the percentage of activated B cells (CD19+, HLA-DRbright cells) found in PBMC. These findings demonstrate activation of the immune system during chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, which is a known risk factor for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Burchiel
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America.
| | - Fredine T Lauer
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Tariqul Islam
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubul Eunus
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Nur Alam
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Tariqul Islam
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Mizanour Rahman
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Alauddin Ahmed
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Joseph Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
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Tsou HH, Ko HT, Chen CT, Wang TW, Lee CH, Liu TY, Wang HT. Betel quid containing safrole enhances metabolic activation of tobacco specific 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:13-21. [PMID: 31071628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) and betel quid (BQ) chewing are two known risk factors that have synergistic potential for the enhancing the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Taiwan. Most mutagens and carcinogens are metabolically activated by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) to exert their mutagenicity or carcinogenicity. Previous studies have shown that metabolic activation of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), by CYP2A6 activity determines NNK-induced carcinogenesis. In addition, safrole affects cytochrome P450 activity in rodents. However, the effect of BQ safrole on the metabolism of tobacco-specific NNK and its carcinogenicity remains elusive. This study demonstrates that safrole (1 mg/kg/d) induced CYP2A6 activity, reduced urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) levels, and increased NNK-induced DNA damage, including N7-methylguanine, 8-OH-deoxyguanosine and DNA strand breaks in a Syrian golden hamster model. Furthermore, altered NNK metabolism and increased NNK-induced DNA damage were also observed in healthy subjects with CS and BQ chewing histories compared to healthy subjects with CS histories. In conclusion, BQ containing safrole induced tobacco-specific NNK metabolic activation, resulting in higher NNK-induced genotoxicity. This study provides valuable insight into the synergistic mechanisms of CS- and BQ-induced OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Hsing Tsou
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Tung Ko
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tzu Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Wen Wang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yun Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Tsui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yih Hui B, Mohamad Zain NN, Mohamad S, Mohamed Fauzi H, Alias Y, Chandrasekaram K, Rahim NY, Yahaya N, Raoov M. Determination of Aromatic Amines in Urine using Extraction and Chromatographic Analysis: A Minireview. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1636057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boon Yih Hui
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Mohamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCIL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hafizuddin Mohamed Fauzi
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yatimah Alias
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCIL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumuthini Chandrasekaram
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCIL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Yani Rahim
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Noorfatimah Yahaya
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muggundha Raoov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCIL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Frigerio G, Mercadante R, Polledri E, Missineo P, Campo L, Fustinoni S. An LC-MS/MS method to profile urinary mercapturic acids, metabolites of electrophilic intermediates of occupational and environmental toxicants. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1117:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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A review of the effects of tobacco smoking on cancer treatment: smoking cessation intervention should be integrated into the cancer care continuum. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396919000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:The adverse health effects associated with smoking tobacco have been well investigated, and its detrimental effects on cancer treatment outcomes, efficacy and quality of life (QOL) for cancer patients have also been well documented. Tobacco smoke contains many thousands of chemicals, including a plethora of carcinogens, and the exposure of human cells to these carcinogens, and their metabolic activation, is the main mechanism by which smoking-related cancer is initiated.Materials and Methods:This paper reports on a narrative review of recent studies in the field of effects of tobacco smoking on cancer treatment, including the effects of carcinogens in smoke on carcinogenesis, cell mutations and the immune system. The health effects of smokeless tobacco, effects of tobacco smoking on cancer treatment, and its impact on surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are reported. The potential risks of second primary cancers or recurrence from tobacco use, the effects of second-hand smoking and cancer treatment, the impact of smoking on the QOL after cancer treatment and the need to integrate smoking cessation programs into the cancer care continuum are also reported.Conclusions:Tobacco use has a direct impact on cellular function by inhibiting apoptosis, stimulating proliferation and decreasing the efficacy of cancer treatment; therefore, quitting its use has the potential to improve treatment response rates and survival, as well as reduces the risk of developing second cancers and potentially improves the QOL after treatment. Smoking cessation is one of the most important interventions to prevent cancer and is also essential after the diagnosis of cancer to improve clinical outcomes. Due to the numerous benefits of smoking cessation, it should become a critical component of the cancer care continuum in all oncology programs – from prevention of cancer through diagnosis, treatment, survivorship and palliative care. Evidence-based smoking cessation intervention should be sustainably integrated into any comprehensive cancer program, and the information should be targeted to the specific benefits of cessation in cancer patients.
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