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Rice LC, Langan MT, Cheng DT, Sheu YS, Peterburs J, Hua J, Qin Q, Rilee JJ, Faulkner ML, Mathena JR, Munro CA, Wand GS, McCaul ME, Desmond JE. Disrupted executive cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity in alcohol use disorder. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:33-47. [PMID: 38206281 PMCID: PMC10784638 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects 283 million people worldwide and its prevalence is increasing. Despite the role of the cerebellum in executive control and its sensitivity to alcohol, few studies have assessed its involvement in AUD-relevant functional networks. The goal of this study is to compare resting-state functional connectivity (FC) patterns in abstinent adults with a history of AUD and controls (CTL). We hypothesized that group differences in cerebro-cerebellar FC would be present, particularly within the frontoparietal/executive control network (FPN). METHODS Twenty-eight participants completed a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) study. CTL participants had no history of AUD, comorbid psychological conditions, or recent heavy drinking and/or drug use. AUD participants had a history of AUD, with sobriety for at least 30 days prior to data collection. Multivariate pattern analysis, an agnostic, whole-brain approach, was used to identify regions with significant differences in FC between groups. Seed-based analyses were then conducted to determine the directionality and extent of these FC differences. Associations between FC strength and executive function were assessed using correlations with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) performance. RESULTS There were significant group differences in FC in nodes of the FPN, ventral attention network, and default mode network. Post hoc analyses predominantly identified FC differences within the cerebro-cerebellar FPN, with AUD showing significantly less FC within the FPN. In AUD, FC strength between FPN clusters identified in the multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) analysis (Left Crus II, Right Frontal Cortex) was positively associated with performance on the WCST. CONCLUSIONS Our results show less engagement of the FPN in individuals with AUD than in CTL. FC strength within this network was positively associated with performance on the WCST. These findings suggest that long-term heavy drinking alters cerebro-cerebellar FC, particularly within networks that are involved in executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Rice
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Yi-Shin Sheu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Systems Medicine & Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jun Hua
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qin Qin
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gary S. Wand
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary E. McCaul
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John E. Desmond
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Honnorat N, Fama R, Müller-Oehring EM, Zahr NM, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Pohl KM. Alcohol Use Disorder and Its Comorbidity With HIV Infection Disrupts Anterior Cingulate Cortex Functional Connectivity. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:1127-1136. [PMID: 33558196 PMCID: PMC8160024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have a heightened risk of contracting HIV infection. The effects of these two diseases and their comorbidity on brain structure have been well described, but their effects on brain function have never been investigated at the scale of whole-brain connectomes. METHODS In contrast with prior studies that restricted analyses to specific brain networks or examined relatively small groups of participants, our analyses are based on whole-brain functional connectomes of 292 participants. RESULTS Relative to participants without AUD, the functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex was lower for participants with AUD. Compared with participants without AUD+HIV comorbidity, the functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus was lower for the AUD+HIV participants. Compromised connectivity between these pairs was significantly correlated with greater total lifetime alcohol consumption; the effects of total lifetime alcohol consumption on executive functioning were significantly mediated by the functional connectivity between the pairs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that the functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex is disrupted in individuals with AUD alone and AUD with HIV infection comorbidity. Moreover, the affected connections are associated with deficits in executive functioning, including heightened impulsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Honnorat
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Rosemary Fama
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Eva M Müller-Oehring
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Natalie M Zahr
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
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3
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Disruption of cerebellar-cortical functional connectivity predicts balance instability in alcohol use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 235:109435. [PMID: 35395501 PMCID: PMC9106918 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A neural substrate of alcohol-related instability of gait and balance is the cerebellum. Whether disruption of neural communication between cerebellar and cortical brain regions exerts an influence on ataxia in alcohol use disorder (AUD) was the focus of this study. METHODS Study groups comprised 32 abstinent AUD participants and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (CTL). All participants underwent clinical screening, motor testing, and resting-state functional MR imaging analyzed for functional connectivity (FC) among 90 regions across the whole cerebrum and cerebellum. Ataxia testing quantified gait and balance with the Fregly-Graybiel Ataxia Battery conducted with and without vision. RESULTS The AUD group achieved lower scores than the CTL group on balance performance, which was disproportionately worse for eyes open than eyes closed in the AUD relative to the CTL group. Differences in ataxia were accompanied by differences in FC marked by cerebellar-frontal and cerebellar-parietal hyperconnectivity and cortico-cortical hypoconnectivity in the AUD relative to the control group. Lifetime alcohol consumption correlated significantly with AUD-related FC aberrations, which explained upwards of 69% of the AUD ataxia score variance. CONCLUSION Heavy, chronic alcohol consumption is associated with disorganized neural communication among cerebellar-cortical regions and contributes to ataxia in AUD. Ataxia, which is known to accelerate with age and be exacerbated with AUD, can threaten functional independence. Longitudinal studies are warranted to address whether extended sobriety quells ataxia and normalizes aberrant FC contributing to instability.
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4
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Bach P, Schuster R, Koopmann A, Vollstaedt-Klein S, Spanagel R, Kiefer F. Plasma calcium concentration during detoxification predicts neural cue-reactivity and craving during early abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:341-348. [PMID: 33630132 PMCID: PMC8866328 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence suggest a link between peripheral calcium concentrations and alcohol craving. Here, we investigated the association between plasma calcium concentration, cue-induced brain activation, and alcohol craving. Plasma calcium concentrations were measured at the onset of inpatient detoxification in a sample of N = 115 alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol cue-reactivity was assessed during early abstinence (mean 11.1 days) using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) alcohol cue-reactivity task. Multiple regression analyses and bivariate correlations between plasma calcium concentrations, clinical craving measures and neural alcohol cue-reactivity (CR) were tested. Results show a significant negative correlation between plasma calcium concentrations and compulsive alcohol craving. Higher calcium levels predicted higher alcohol cue-induced brain response in a cluster of frontal brain areas, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the anterior prefrontal cortex (alPFC), and the inferior (IFG) and middle frontal gyri (MFG). In addition, functional brain activation in those areas correlated negatively with craving for alcohol during fMRI. Higher peripheral calcium concentrations during withdrawal predicted increased alcohol cue-induced brain activation in frontal brain areas, which are associated with craving inhibition and cognitive control functions. This might indicate that higher plasma calcium concentrations at onset of detoxification could modulate craving inhibition during early abstinence.Trial registration number: DRKS00003388; date of registration: 14.12.2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rilana Schuster
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200 a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstaedt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Alderson Myers AB, Arienzo D, Molnar SM, Marinkovic K. Local and network-level dysregulation of error processing is associated with binge drinking. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 32:102879. [PMID: 34768146 PMCID: PMC8591397 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Go/NoGo performance does not differ between binge (BDs) and light drinkers. BDs show greater BOLD activity to inhibition errors primarily in prefrontal areas. Greater functional connectivity in the frontal cortex correlates with drinking. Observed increase in error-related activity may serve a compensatory role. This is consistent with allostatic hyperexcitability reflecting neuroadaptation.
Binge drinking refers to the pattern of alcohol consumption that brings blood alcohol levels to or above legal intoxication levels. Commonly practiced by young adults, it is associated with neurofunctional alterations, raising health-related concerns. Executive deficits may contribute to the inability to refrain from excessive alcohol intake. As a facet of cognitive control, error processing allows for flexible modification of behavior to optimize future outcomes. It is highly relevant to addiction research, as a failure to inhibit excessive drinking results in relapses, which is a hallmark of alcohol use disorder. However, research on local and system-level neural underpinnings of inhibition failures as a function of binge drinking is limited. To address these gaps, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine local changes and interregional functional connectivity during response inhibition errors on a Go/NoGo task. Young adult binge drinkers (BDs) performed equally well as light drinkers (LDs), a group of demographically matched individuals who drink regularly but in low-risk patterns. In contrast, BDs exhibited greater fMRI activity to inhibition errors contrasted with correct NoGo trials in the rostral anterior (rACC) and posterior cingulate cortices (PCC), as well as right middle frontal gyrus (R-MFG). Furthermore, BDs showed increased connectivity between the rACC and right lateral prefrontal cortex, in addition to greater connectivity between the R-MFG and the left ventrolateral and superior frontal cortices. Imaging indices were positively correlated only with alcohol-related measures, but not with those related to moods, disposition, or cognitive capacity. Taken together, greater error-related activity and expanded functional connectivity among prefrontal regions may serve a compensatory role to maintain efficiency of inhibitory control. Aligned with prominent models of addiction, these findings accentuate the importance of top-down control in maintaining low-risk drinking levels. They provide insight into potentially early signs of deteriorating cognitive control functions in BDs and may help guide intervention strategies aimed at preventing excessive drinking habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin B Alderson Myers
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Donatello Arienzo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Sean M Molnar
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Ksenija Marinkovic
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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6
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Lannoy S, Sullivan EV. Trajectories of brain development reveal times of risk and factors promoting resilience to alcohol use during adolescence. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 160:85-116. [PMID: 34696880 PMCID: PMC10657639 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is recognized as harmful for the developing brain. Numerous studies have sought environmental and genetic risk factors that predict the development of AUD, but recently identified resilience factors have emerged as protective. This chapter reviews normal processes of brain development in adolescence and emerging adulthood, delineates disturbed growth neurotrajectories related to heavy drinking, and identifies potential endogenous, experiential, and time-linked brain markers of resilience. For example, concurrent high dorsolateral prefrontal activation serving inhibitory control and low nucleus accumbens activation serving reward functions engender positive adaptation and low alcohol use. Also discussed is the role that moderating factors have in promoting risk for or resilience to AUD. Longitudinal research on the effects of all levels of alcohol drinking on the developing brain remains crucial and should be pursued in the context of resilience, which is a promising direction for identifying protective biomarkers against developing AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lannoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - E V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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7
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Rowland JA, Stapleton-Kotloski JR, Alberto GE, Davenport AT, Epperly PM, Godwin DW, Daunais JB. Rich Club Characteristics of Alcohol-Naïve Functional Brain Networks Predict Future Drinking Phenotypes in Rhesus Macaques. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:673151. [PMID: 34149371 PMCID: PMC8206638 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.673151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: A fundamental question for Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is how and when naïve brain networks are reorganized in response to alcohol consumption. The current study aimed to determine the progression of alcohol’s effect on functional brain networks during transition from the naïve state to chronic consumption. Procedures: Resting-state brain networks of six female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) monkeys were acquired using magnetoencephalography (MEG) prior to alcohol exposure and after free-access to alcohol using a well-established model of chronic heavy alcohol consumption. Functional brain network metrics were derived at each time point. Results: The average connection frequency (p < 0.024) and membership of the Rich Club (p < 0.022) changed significantly over time. Metrics describing network topology remained relatively stable from baseline to free-access drinking. The minimum degree of the Rich Club prior to alcohol exposure was significantly predictive of future free-access drinking (r = −0.88, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Results suggest naïve brain network characteristics may be used to predict future alcohol consumption, and that alcohol consumption alters functional brain networks, shifting hubs and Rich Club membership away from previous regions in a non-systematic manner. Further work to refine these relationships may lead to the identification of a high-risk drinking phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Rowland
- Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Salisbury VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC, United States.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer R Stapleton-Kotloski
- Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Salisbury VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC, United States.,Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Greg E Alberto
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - April T Davenport
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Phillip M Epperly
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Dwayne W Godwin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - James B Daunais
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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8
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Kinreich S, McCutcheon VV, Aliev F, Meyers JL, Kamarajan C, Pandey AK, Chorlian DB, Zhang J, Kuang W, Pandey G, Viteri SSSD, Francis MW, Chan G, Bourdon JL, Dick DM, Anokhin AP, Bauer L, Hesselbrock V, Schuckit MA, Nurnberger JI, Foroud TM, Salvatore JE, Bucholz KK, Porjesz B. Predicting alcohol use disorder remission: a longitudinal multimodal multi-featured machine learning approach. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:166. [PMID: 33723218 PMCID: PMC7960734 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive models for recovering from alcohol use disorder (AUD) and identifying related predisposition biomarkers can have a tremendous impact on addiction treatment outcomes and cost reduction. Our sample (N = 1376) included individuals of European (EA) and African (AA) ancestry from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) who were initially assessed as having AUD (DSM-5) and reassessed years later as either having AUD or in remission. To predict this difference in AUD recovery status, we analyzed the initial data using multimodal, multi-features machine learning applications including EEG source-level functional brain connectivity, Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS), medications, and demographic information. Sex and ancestry age-matched stratified analyses were performed with supervised linear Support Vector Machine application and were calculated twice, once when the ancestry was defined by self-report and once defined by genetic data. Multifeatured prediction models achieved higher accuracy scores than models based on a single domain and higher scores in male models when the ancestry was based on genetic data. The AA male group model with PRS, EEG functional connectivity, marital and employment status features achieved the highest accuracy of 86.04%. Several discriminative features were identified, including collections of PRS related to neuroticism, depression, aggression, years of education, and alcohol consumption phenotypes. Other discriminated features included being married, employed, medication, lower default mode network and fusiform connectivity, and higher insula connectivity. Results highlight the importance of increasing genetic homogeneity of analyzed groups, identifying sex, and ancestry-specific features to increase prediction scores revealing biomarkers related to AUD remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ashwini K Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Weipeng Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Meredith W Francis
- Brown School of Social Work / Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jessica L Bourdon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrey P Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lance Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics at Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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9
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Abdallah M, Zahr NM, Saranathan M, Honnorat N, Farrugia N, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Chanraud S. Altered Cerebro-Cerebellar Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Alcohol Use Disorder: a Resting-State fMRI Study. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 20:823-835. [PMID: 33655376 PMCID: PMC8413394 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is widely associated with cerebellar dysfunction and altered cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity (FC) that lead to cognitive impairments. Evidence for this association comes from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) studies that assess time-averaged measures of FC across the duration of a typical scan. This approach, however, precludes the assessment of potentially FC dynamics happening at faster timescales. In this study, using rsfMRI data, we aim at exploring cerebro-cerebellar FC dynamics in AUD patients (N = 18) and age- and sex-matched controls (N = 18). In particular, we quantified group-level differences in the temporal variability of FC between the posterior cerebellum and large-scale cognitive systems, and we investigated the role of the cerebellum in large-scale brain dynamics in terms of the temporal flexibility and integration of its regions. We found that, relative to controls, the AUD group exhibited significantly greater FC variability between the cerebellum and both the frontoparietal executive control (F1,31 = 7.01, p(FDR) = 0.028) and ventral attention (F1,31 = 7.35, p(FDR) = 0.028) networks. Moreover, the AUD group exhibited significantly less flexibility (F1,31 = 8.61, p(FDR) = 0.028) and greater integration (F1,31 = 9.11, p(FDR) = 0.028) in the cerebellum. Finally, in an exploratory analysis, we found distributed changes in the dynamics of canonical large-scale networks in AUD. Overall, this study brings evidence of AUD-related alterations in dynamic FC within major cerebro-cerebellar networks. This pattern has implications for explaining the development and maintenance of this disorder and improving our understating of the cerebellum's involvement in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd Abdallah
- Aquitaine Institute of Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, UMR CNRS 5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5723, USA.,Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Honnorat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5723, USA.,Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5723, USA.,Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5723, USA.,Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sandra Chanraud
- Aquitaine Institute of Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, UMR CNRS 5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. .,Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Daily Life, EPHE, PSL, Research University, Bordeaux, France.
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10
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Sawyer KS, Adra N, Salz DM, Kemppainen MI, Ruiz SM, Harris GJ, Oscar-Berman M. Hippocampal subfield volumes in abstinent men and women with a history of alcohol use disorder. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236641. [PMID: 32776986 PMCID: PMC7416961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) has been associated with abnormalities in hippocampal volumes, but these relationships have not been fully explored with respect to sub-regional volumes, nor in association with individual characteristics such as age, gender differences, drinking history, and memory. The present study examined the impact of those variables in relation to hippocampal subfield volumes in abstinent men and women with a history of AUD. Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 3 Tesla, we obtained brain images from 67 participants with AUD (31 women) and 64 nonalcoholic control (NC) participants (31 women). The average duration of the most recent period of sobriety for AUD participants was 7.1 years. We used Freesurfer 6.0 to segment the hippocampus into 12 regions. These were imputed into statistical models to examine the relationships of brain volume with AUD group, age, gender, memory, and drinking history. Interactions with gender and age were of particular interest. Compared to the NC group, the AUD group had approximately 5% smaller subiculum, CA1, molecular layer, and hippocampal tail regions. Age was negatively associated with volumes for the AUD group in the subiculum and the hippocampal tail, but no significant interactions with gender were identified. The relationships for delayed and immediate memory with hippocampal tail volume differed for AUD and NC groups: Higher scores on tests of immediate and delayed memory were associated with smaller volumes in the AUD group, but larger volumes in the NC group. Length of sobriety was associated with decreasing CA1 volume in women (0.19% per year) and increasing volume size in men (0.38% per year). The course of abstinence on CA1 volume differed for men and women, and the differential relationships of subfield volumes to age and memory could indicate a distinction in the impact of AUD on functions of the hippocampal tail. These findings confirm and extend evidence that AUD, age, gender, memory, and abstinence differentially impact volumes of component parts of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayle S. Sawyer
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Sawyer Scientific, LLC, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Noor Adra
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Salz
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Maaria I. Kemppainen
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Ruiz
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Gordon J. Harris
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
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11
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Zhang D, Gao J, Yan X, Tang M, Zhe X, Cheng M, Chen W, Zhang X. Altered functional connectivity of brain regions based on a meta-analysis in patients with T2DM: A resting-state fMRI study. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01725. [PMID: 32558376 PMCID: PMC7428490 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the neural mechanisms of brain impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), abnormal changes to the functional connections between brain regions in the resting state were investigated based on a meta-analysis. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychological assessment were performed on 38 patients with T2DM and 33 healthy controls (HCs). Functional connectivity between regions based on a meta-analysis and other voxels in the brain was calculated and compared between the two groups using a two-sample t test. A correlation analysis was conducted between clinical/cognitive variables and functional connection values from the regions with significant differences in the above comparison. RESULTS Patients in the T2DM group showed a significantly decreased functional connection between the right posterior cerebellum and the right middle/inferior occipital gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left insula, left precuneus, and right paracentral lobule/left precuneus when compared with HC group. The functional connection values between the right insula and left medial frontal gyrus, left supplementary motor area, and between the left lingual gyrus and right middle/inferior occipital gyrus in patients with T2DM were significantly decreased. Moreover, the functional connection values between the right posterior cerebellum and left middle frontal gyrus, and between the right posterior cerebellum and left precuneus were negatively correlated with HbA1c in the T2DM group (r = -.356, p = .03; r = -.334, p = .043). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed a wide range of cerebellar-cerebral circuit abnormalities in patients with T2DM, which provides a new direction to investigate the neuropathological mechanisms of T2DM from the perspective of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuejiao Yan
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Zhe
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Cheng
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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12
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Navarri X, Afzali MH, Lavoie J, Sinha R, Stein DJ, Momenan R, Veltman DJ, Korucuoglu O, Sjoerds Z, Holst RJ, Hester R, Orr C, Cousijn J, Yucel M, Lorenzetti V, Wiers R, Jahanshad N, Glahn DC, Thompson PM, Mackey S, Conrod PJ. How do substance use disorders compare to other psychiatric conditions on structural brain abnormalities? A cross‐disorder meta‐analytic comparison using the
ENIGMA
consortium findings. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 43:399-413. [PMID: 32643841 PMCID: PMC8675406 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Navarri
- Department of PsychiatryUniversité de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, CHU Ste‐Justine Montreal Canada
| | - Mohammad H. Afzali
- Department of PsychiatryUniversité de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, CHU Ste‐Justine Montreal Canada
| | - Jacob Lavoie
- Department of PsychiatryUniversité de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, CHU Ste‐Justine Montreal Canada
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Dan J. Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Reza Momenan
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMC location VUMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ozlem Korucuoglu
- Addiction, Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Zsuzsika Sjoerds
- Cognitive Psychology Unit & Leiden Institute for Brain & CognitionInstitute of Psychology, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Ruth J. Holst
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Rob Hester
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Catherine Orr
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Murat Yucel
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University Monash Australia
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- Brain and Mental Health Research HubMonash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Reinout Wiers
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Infomatics, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern California Marina del Rey California USA
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Infomatics, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern California Marina del Rey California USA
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Patricia J. Conrod
- Department of PsychiatryUniversité de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, CHU Ste‐Justine Montreal Canada
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13
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Zhao Q, Pfefferbaum A, Podhajsky S, Pohl KM, Sullivan EV. Accelerated aging and motor control deficits are related to regional deformation of central cerebellar white matter in alcohol use disorder. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12746. [PMID: 30932270 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates a 12-month prevalence rate of 8+% for an alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis in people age 15 years and older in the United States and Europe, presenting significant health risks that have the potential of accelerating age-related functional decline. According to neuropathological studies, white matter systems of the cerebellum are vulnerable to chronic alcohol dependence. To pursue the effect of AUD on white matter structure and functions in vivo, this study used T1-weighted, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify the total corpus medullare of the cerebellum and a finely grained analysis of its surface in 135 men and women with AUD (mean duration of abstinence, 248 d) and 128 age- and sex-matched control participants; subsets of these participants completed motor testing. We identified an AUD-related volume deficit and accelerated aging in the total corpus medullare. Novel deformation-based surface morphometry revealed regional shrinkage of surfaces adjacent to lobules I-V, lobule IX, and vermian lobule X. In addition, accelerated aging was detected in the regional surface areas adjacent to lobules I-V, lobule VI, lobule VIIB, and lobules VIII, IX, and X. Sex differences were not identified for any measure. For both volume-based and surface-based analyses, poorer performance in gait and balance, manual dexterity, and grip strength were linked to greater regional white matter structural deficits. Our results suggest that local deformation of the corpus medullare has the potential of identifying structurally and functionally segregated networks affected in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesStanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesStanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
- Center for Health SciencesSRI International Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Simon Podhajsky
- Center for Health SciencesSRI International Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Center for Health SciencesSRI International Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesStanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
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14
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Kamarajan C, Ardekani BA, Pandey AK, Chorlian DB, Kinreich S, Pandey G, Meyers JL, Zhang J, Kuang W, Stimus AT, Porjesz B. Random Forest Classification of Alcohol Use Disorder Using EEG Source Functional Connectivity, Neuropsychological Functioning, and Impulsivity Measures. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10030062. [PMID: 32121585 PMCID: PMC7139327 DOI: 10.3390/bs10030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
: Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) manifest a variety of impairments that can be attributed to alterations in specific brain networks. The current study aims to identify features of EEG-based functional connectivity, neuropsychological performance, and impulsivity that can classify individuals with AUD (N = 30) from unaffected controls (CTL, N = 30) using random forest classification. The features included were: (i) EEG source functional connectivity (FC) of the default mode network (DMN) derived using eLORETA algorithm, (ii) neuropsychological scores from the Tower of London test (TOLT) and the visual span test (VST), and (iii) impulsivity factors from the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS). The random forest model achieved a classification accuracy of 80% and identified 29 FC connections (among 66 connections per frequency band), 3 neuropsychological variables from VST (total number of correctly performed trials in forward and backward sequences and average time for correct trials in forward sequence) and all four impulsivity scores (motor, non-planning, attentional, and total) as significantly contributing to classifying individuals as either AUD or CTL. Although there was a significant age difference between the groups, most of the top variables that contributed to the classification were not significantly correlated with age. The AUD group showed a predominant pattern of hyperconnectivity among 25 of 29 significant connections, indicating aberrant network functioning during resting state suggestive of neural hyperexcitability and impulsivity. Further, parahippocampal hyperconnectivity with other DMN regions was identified as a major hub region dysregulated in AUD (13 connections overall), possibly due to neural damage from chronic drinking, which may give rise to cognitive impairments, including memory deficits and blackouts. Furthermore, hypoconnectivity observed in four connections (prefrontal nodes connecting posterior right-hemispheric regions) may indicate a weaker or fractured prefrontal connectivity with other regions, which may be related to impaired higher cognitive functions. The AUD group also showed poorer memory performance on the VST task and increased impulsivity in all factors compared to controls. Features from all three domains had significant associations with one another. These results indicate that dysregulated neural connectivity across the DMN regions, especially relating to hyperconnected parahippocampal hub as well as hypoconnected prefrontal hub, may potentially represent neurophysiological biomarkers of AUD, while poor visual memory performance and heightened impulsivity may serve as cognitive-behavioral indices of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Kamarajan
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-270-2913
| | - Babak A. Ardekani
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ashwini K. Pandey
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - David B. Chorlian
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Weipeng Kuang
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Arthur T. Stimus
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
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15
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Edde M, Di Scala G, Dupuy M, Dilharreguy B, Catheline G, Chanraud S. Learning-driven cerebellar intrinsic functional connectivity changes in men. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:668-679. [PMID: 31762075 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Learning involves distributed but coordinated activity among the widespread connected brain areas. Increase in areas connections' strength may be established offline, that is, aside from the task itself, in a resting-state. The resulting functional connectivity may hence constitute a neural trace of the learning episode. The present study examined whether a conditional visuomotor learning task previously shown to activate the cerebellum would modify cerebellar intrinsic connectivity in groups of young and older male subjects. In the group of young subjects, resting-state connectivity within several cerebellar networks (fronto-cerebellar, temporo-cerebellar, cerebello-cerebellar) was modified following the task. In most cases, modulation resulted in increased anticorrelations between cerebellar and cortical areas and the amplitude of changes was correlated with learning efficacy. The group of older subjects drastically differed, with sparser modifications of resting-state functional connectivity and no cerebellar networks involved. The findings of this exploratory study indicate that associative learning modifies the strength of intrinsic connectivity in young subjects but to a lesser degree in older subjects. They further suggest that functional connectivity within cerebellar networks may play an operative role in this kind of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Edde
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie et Vie Quotidienne, EPHE, PSL Research University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Georges Di Scala
- UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, Neuroimagerie et Cognition Humaine, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maud Dupuy
- UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, Neuroimagerie et Cognition Humaine, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bixente Dilharreguy
- UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, Neuroimagerie et Cognition Humaine, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Catheline
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie et Vie Quotidienne, EPHE, PSL Research University, Bordeaux, France.,UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, Neuroimagerie et Cognition Humaine, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandra Chanraud
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie et Vie Quotidienne, EPHE, PSL Research University, Bordeaux, France.,UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, Neuroimagerie et Cognition Humaine, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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16
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Zahr NM, Pohl KM, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV. Central Nervous System Correlates of "Objective" Neuropathy in Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2144-2152. [PMID: 31386216 PMCID: PMC6779503 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the neurological consequences of alcoholism is peripheral neuropathy. Relative to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or diabetes-related neuropathies, neuropathy associated with alcohol use disorders (AUD) is understudied. In both the diabetes and HIV literature, emerging evidence supports a central nervous system (CNS) component to peripheral neuropathy. METHODS In seeking a central substrate for AUD-related neuropathy, the current study was conducted in 154 individuals with AUD (43 women, age 21 to 74 years) and 99 healthy controls (41 women, age 21 to 77 years) and explored subjective symptoms (self-report) and objective signs (perception of vibration, deep tendon ankle reflex, position sense, 2-point discrimination) of neuropathy separately. In addition to regional brain volumes, risk factors for AUD-related neuropathy, including age, sex, total lifetime ethanol consumed, nutritional indices (i.e., thiamine, folate), and measures of liver integrity (i.e., γ-glutamyltransferase), were evaluated. RESULTS The AUD group described more subjective symptoms of neuropathy and was more frequently impaired on bilateral perception of vibration. From 5 correlates, the number of AUD-related seizures was most significantly associated with subjective symptoms of neuropathy. There were 15 correlates of impaired perception of vibration among the AUD participants: Of these, age and volume of frontal precentral cortex were the most robust predictors. CONCLUSIONS This study supports CNS involvement in objective signs of neuropathy in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Zahr
- Neuroscience Program, (NMZ, KMP, AP), SRI International, Menlo Park, California
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, (NMZ, KMP, AP, EVS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Neuroscience Program, (NMZ, KMP, AP), SRI International, Menlo Park, California
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, (NMZ, KMP, AP, EVS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Neuroscience Program, (NMZ, KMP, AP), SRI International, Menlo Park, California
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, (NMZ, KMP, AP, EVS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, (NMZ, KMP, AP, EVS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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17
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Ritz L, Segobin S, Lannuzel C, Laniepce A, Boudehent C, Cabé N, Eustache F, Vabret F, Beaunieux H, Pitel AL. Cerebellar Hypermetabolism in Alcohol Use Disorder: Compensatory Mechanism or Maladaptive Plasticity? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2212-2221. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Ritz
- UNICAEN LPCN Normandie Univ Caen France
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine CHU de Caen U1077, INSERM EPHE PSL Research University UNICAEN Normandie Univ Caen France
| | - Shailendra Segobin
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine CHU de Caen U1077, INSERM EPHE PSL Research University UNICAEN Normandie Univ Caen France
| | - Coralie Lannuzel
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine CHU de Caen U1077, INSERM EPHE PSL Research University UNICAEN Normandie Univ Caen France
| | - Alice Laniepce
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine CHU de Caen U1077, INSERM EPHE PSL Research University UNICAEN Normandie Univ Caen France
| | - Céline Boudehent
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine CHU de Caen U1077, INSERM EPHE PSL Research University UNICAEN Normandie Univ Caen France
- Service d'Addictologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Caen France
| | - Nicolas Cabé
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine CHU de Caen U1077, INSERM EPHE PSL Research University UNICAEN Normandie Univ Caen France
- Service d'Addictologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Caen France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine CHU de Caen U1077, INSERM EPHE PSL Research University UNICAEN Normandie Univ Caen France
| | - François Vabret
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine CHU de Caen U1077, INSERM EPHE PSL Research University UNICAEN Normandie Univ Caen France
- Service d'Addictologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Caen France
| | - Hélène Beaunieux
- UNICAEN LPCN Normandie Univ Caen France
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine CHU de Caen U1077, INSERM EPHE PSL Research University UNICAEN Normandie Univ Caen France
| | - Anne Lise Pitel
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine CHU de Caen U1077, INSERM EPHE PSL Research University UNICAEN Normandie Univ Caen France
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18
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Sullivan EV, Pfefferbaum A. Brain-behavior relations and effects of aging and common comorbidities in alcohol use disorder: A review. Neuropsychology 2019; 33:760-780. [PMID: 31448945 PMCID: PMC7461729 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex, dynamic condition that waxes and wanes with unhealthy drinking episodes and varies in drinking patterns and effects on brain structure and function with age. Its excessive use renders chronically heavy drinkers vulnerable to direct alcohol toxicity and a variety of comorbidities attributable to nonalcohol drug misuse, viral infections, and accelerated or premature aging. AUD affects widespread brain systems, commonly, frontolimbic, frontostriatal, and frontocerebellar networks. METHOD AND RESULTS Multimodal assessment using selective neuropsychological testing and whole-brain neuroimaging provides evidence for AUD-related specific brain structure-function relations established with double dissociations. Longitudinal study using noninvasive imaging provides evidence for brain structural and functional improvement with sustained sobriety and further decline with relapse. Functional imaging suggests the possibility that some alcoholics in recovery can compensate for impairment by invoking brain systems typically not used for a target task but that can enable normal-level performance. CONCLUSIONS Evidence for AUD-aging interactions, indicative of accelerated aging, together with increasing alcohol consumption in middle-age and older adults, put aging drinkers at special risk for developing cognitive decline and possibly dementia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
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19
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Wang M, Hu Y, Wang Z, Du X, Dong G. Sex difference in the effect of Internet gaming disorder on the brain functions: Evidence from resting-state fMRI. Neurosci Lett 2019; 698:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Galandra C, Basso G, Manera M, Crespi C, Giorgi I, Vittadini G, Poggi P, Canessa N. Abnormal fronto-striatal intrinsic connectivity reflects executive dysfunction in alcohol use disorders. Cortex 2019; 115:27-42. [PMID: 30738999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neural bases of cognitive impairment(s) in alcohol use disorders (AUDs) have been explained either with the specific involvement of frontal regions mostly affected by alcohol neurotoxic effects, or with a global brain damage underlying different neuro-cognitive alterations. Novel insights into this issue might come from the analysis of resting-state brain activity, representing a baseline level of intrinsic connectivity within and between the networks underlying cognitive performance. We thus addressed the neural bases of cognitive impairment(s) in 22 AUD patients, compared with 18 healthy controls, by coupling resting-state fMRI with an in-depth neuropsychological assessment of the main cognitive domains. We assessed a relationship between AUD patients' cognitive impairment and two complementary facets of intrinsic brain functioning, i.e., intensity of activation and functional network connectivity, related to the strength of connectivity within and between resting-state networks, respectively. Alcoholic patients' decreased cognitive performance involved specifically an executive domain associated with attentional and working-memory tasks. This impairment reflected an abnormal relationship, in patients versus controls, between cognitive performance and the intensity of intrinsic activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal and striatal nodes of the executive control network. Functional connectivity between the same structures was positively correlated with executive performance in the whole sample, but significantly reduced in patients. The present data suggest that AUD patients' executive impairment reflects dysfunctional connectivity between the cortical and subcortical nodes of the networks underlying cognitive control on goal-directed behavior. This evidence provides a baseline for future studies addressing the abnormal neural architecture underlying cognitive impairment in AUDs and the outcome of rehabilitative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Galandra
- Scuola universitaria superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy; Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy; LabNIT, ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Basso
- LabNIT, ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy; University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Crespi
- Scuola universitaria superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy; LabNIT, ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ines Giorgi
- Clinical Psychology Unit, ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Canessa
- Scuola universitaria superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy; Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy.
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21
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Charlet K, Rosenthal A, Lohoff FW, Heinz A, Beck A. Imaging resilience and recovery in alcohol dependence. Addiction 2018; 113:1933-1950. [PMID: 29744956 PMCID: PMC6128779 DOI: 10.1111/add.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Resilience and recovery are of increasing importance in the field of alcohol dependence (AD). This paper describes how imaging studies in man can be used to assess the neurobiological correlates of resilience and, if longitudinal, of disease trajectories, progression rates and markers for recovery to inform treatment and prevention options. METHODS Original papers on recovery and resilience in alcohol addiction and its neurobiological correlates were identified from PubMed and have been analyzed and condensed within a systematic literature review. RESULTS Findings deriving from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies have identified links between increased resilience and less task-elicited neural activation within the basal ganglia, and benefits of heightened neural pre-frontal cortex (PFC) engagement regarding resilience in a broader sense; namely, resilience against relapse in early abstinence of AD. Furthermore, findings consistently propose at least partial recovery of brain glucose metabolism and executive and general cognitive functioning, as well as structural plasticity effects throughout the brain of alcohol-dependent patients during the course of short-, medium- and long-term abstinence, even when patients only lowered their alcohol consumption to a moderate level. Additionally, specific factors were found that appear to influence these observed brain recovery processes in AD, e.g. genotype-dependent neuronal (re)growth, gender-specific neural recovery effects, critical interfering effects of psychiatric comorbidities, additional smoking or marijuana influences or adolescent alcohol abuse. CONCLUSIONS Neuroimaging research has uncovered neurobiological markers that appear to be linked to resilience and improved recovery capacities that are furthermore influenced by various factors such as gender or genetics. Consequently, future system-oriented approaches may help to establish a broad neuroscience-based research framework for alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Charlet
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Rosenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Beck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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22
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Ji L, Pearlson GD, Hawkins KA, Steffens DC, Guo H, Wang L. A New Measure for Neural Compensation Is Positively Correlated With Working Memory and Gait Speed. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:71. [PMID: 29615893 PMCID: PMC5868123 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies suggest that older adults may compensate for declines in brain function and cognition through reorganization of neural resources. A limitation of prior research is reliance on between-group comparisons of neural activation (e.g., younger vs. older), which cannot be used to assess compensatory ability quantitatively. It is also unclear about the relationship between compensatory ability with cognitive function or how other factors such as physical exercise modulates compensatory ability. Here, we proposed a data-driven method to semi-quantitatively measure neural compensation under a challenging cognitive task, and we then explored connections between neural compensation to cognitive engagement and cognitive reserve (CR). Functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired for 26 healthy older adults during a face-name memory task. Spatial independent component analysis (ICA) identified visual, attentional and left executive as core networks. Results show that the smaller the volumes of the gray matter (GM) structures within core networks, the more networks were needed to conduct the task (r = -0.408, p = 0.035). Therefore, the number of task-activated networks controlling for the GM volume within core networks was defined as a measure of neural compensatory ability. We found that compensatory ability correlated with working memory performance (r = 0.528, p = 0.035). Among subjects with good memory task performance, those with higher CR used fewer networks than subjects with lower CR. Among poor-performance subjects, those using more networks had higher CR. Our results indicated that using a high cognitive-demanding task to measure the number of activated neural networks could be a useful and sensitive measure of neural compensation in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Ji
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Keith A Hawkins
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David C Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
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23
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Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been a major cause of family, social, and personal strife for centuries, with current prevalence estimates of 14% for 12-month and 29% lifetime AUD. Neuropsychological testing of selective cognitive, sensory, and motor functions complemented with in vivo brain imaging has enabled tracking the consequences of AUD, which follows a dynamic course of development, maintenance, and recovery or relapse. Controlled studies of alcoholism reviewed herein provide evidence for disruption of selective functions involving executive, visuospatial, mnemonic, emotional, and attentional processes, response inhibition, prosody, and postural stability and brain systems supporting these functions. On a hopeful front, longitudinal study provides convincing evidence for improvement in brain structure and function following sustained sobriety. These discoveries have a strong legacy in the International Neuropsychological Society (INS), starting from its early days when assumptions regarding which brain regions were disrupted relied solely on patterns of functional sparing and impairment deduced from testing. This review is based on the symposium presentation delivered at the 2017 annual North American meeting of the INS in celebration of the 50th anniversary since its institution in 1967. In the spirit of the meeting's theme, "Binding the Past and Present," the lecture and this review recognized the past by focusing on early, rigorous neuropsychological studies of alcoholism and their influence on research currently conducted using imaging methods enabling hypothesis testing of brain substrates of observed functional deficits. (JINS, 2017, 23, 843-859).
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24
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Brooks SJ, Funk SG, Young SY, Schiöth HB. The Role of Working Memory for Cognitive Control in Anorexia Nervosa versus Substance Use Disorder. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1651. [PMID: 29018381 PMCID: PMC5615794 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex executive functions, such as working memory (WM) interact with limbic processes to foster impulse control. Such an interaction is referred to in a growing body of publications by terms such as cognitive control, cognitive inhibition, affect regulation, self-regulation, top-down control, and cognitive–emotion interaction. The rising trend of research into cognitive control of impulsivity, using various related terms reflects the importance of research into impulse control, as failure to employ cognitions optimally may eventually result in mental disorder. Against this background, we take a novel approach using an impulse control spectrum model – where anorexia nervosa (AN) and substance use disorder (SUD) are at opposite extremes – to examine the role of WM for cognitive control. With this aim, we first summarize WM processes in the healthy brain in order to frame a systematic review of the neuropsychological, neural and genetic findings of AN and SUD. In our systematic review of WM/cognitive control, we found n = 15 studies of AN with a total of n = 582 AN and n = 365 HC participants; and n = 93 studies of SUD with n = 9106 SUD and n = 3028 HC participants. In particular, we consider how WM load/capacity may support the neural process of excessive epistemic foraging (cognitive sampling of the environment to test predictions about the world) in AN that reduces distraction from salient stimuli. We also consider the link between WM and cognitive control in people with SUD who are prone to ‘jumping to conclusions’ and reduced epistemic foraging. Finally, in light of our review, we consider WM training as a novel research tool and an adjunct to enhance treatment that improves cognitive control of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Brooks
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Sabina G Funk
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Susanne Y Young
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch UniversityBellville, South Africa
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden
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25
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Dysregulated Glycine Signaling Contributes to Increased Impulsivity during Protracted Alcohol Abstinence. J Neurosci 2017; 37:1853-1861. [PMID: 28202787 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2466-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Persons with alcoholism who are abstinent exhibit persistent impairments in the capacity for response inhibition, and this form of impulsivity is significantly associated with heightened relapse risk. Brain-imaging studies implicate aberrant prefrontal cortical function in this behavioral pathology, although the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Here we present evidence that deficient activation of glycine and serine release in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) contributes to increased motor impulsivity during protracted abstinence from long-term alcohol exposure. Levels of 12 neurotransmitters were monitored in the rat vmPFC during the performance of a challenging variant of the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) in which alcohol-exposed rats exhibit excessive premature responding. Following long-term ethanol exposure, rats showed blunted task-related recruitment of vmPFC glycine and serine release, and the loss of an inverse relationship between levels of these neurotransmitters and premature responding normally evident in alcohol-naive subjects. Intra-vmPFC administration of the glycine transport inhibitor ALX5407 prevented excessive premature responding by alcohol-exposed rats, and this was reliant on NMDA glycine site availability. Alcohol-exposed rats and controls did not differ in their premature responding and glycine and serine levels in vmPFC during the performance of the standard 5-CSRTT. Collectively, these findings provide novel insight into cortical neurochemical mechanisms contributing to increased impulsivity following long-term alcohol exposure and highlight the NMDA receptor coagonist site as a potential therapeutic target for increased impulsivity that may contribute to relapse risk.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Persons with alcoholism demonstrate increased motor impulsivity during abstinence; however, the neuronal mechanisms underlying these behavioral effects remain unknown. Here, we took advantage of an animal model that shows deficiencies in inhibitory control following prolonged alcohol exposure to investigate the neurotransmitters that are potentially responsible for dysregulated motor impulsivity following long-term alcohol exposure. We found that increased motor impulsivity is associated with reduced recruitment of glycine and serine neurotransmitters in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) cortex in rats following long-term alcohol exposure. Administration of glycine transport inhibitor ALX5407 in the vmPFC alleviated deficits in impulse control.
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26
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Le Berre AP, Fama R, Sullivan EV. Executive Functions, Memory, and Social Cognitive Deficits and Recovery in Chronic Alcoholism: A Critical Review to Inform Future Research. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1432-1443. [PMID: 28618018 PMCID: PMC5531758 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism is a complex and dynamic disease, punctuated by periods of abstinence and relapse, and influenced by a multitude of vulnerability factors. Chronic excessive alcohol consumption is associated with cognitive deficits, ranging from mild to severe, in executive functions, memory, and metacognitive abilities, with associated impairment in emotional processes and social cognition. These deficits can compromise efforts in initiating and sustaining abstinence by hampering efficacy of clinical treatment and can obstruct efforts in enabling good decision making success in interpersonal/social interactions, and awareness of cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions. Despite evidence for differences in recovery levels of selective cognitive processes, certain deficits can persist even with prolonged sobriety. Herein is presented a review of alcohol-related cognitive impairments affecting component processes of executive functioning, memory, and the recently investigated cognitive domains of metamemory, social cognition, and emotional processing; also considered are trajectories of cognitive recovery with abstinence. Finally, in the spirit of critical review, limitations of current knowledge are noted and avenues for new research efforts are proposed that focus on (i) the interaction among emotion-cognition processes and identification of vulnerability factors contributing to the development of emotional and social processing deficits and (ii) the time line of cognitive recovery by tracking alcoholism's dynamic course of sobriety and relapse. Knowledge about the heterochronicity of cognitive recovery in alcoholism has the potential of indicating at which points during recovery intervention may be most beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Pascale Le Berre
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rosemary Fama
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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27
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Zahr NM, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV. Perspectives on fronto-fugal circuitry from human imaging of alcohol use disorders. Neuropharmacology 2017; 122:189-200. [PMID: 28118989 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Descriptions of the cognitive functions affected by alcohol use disorders (AUD) often highlight dysfunction of executive processes such attention, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Such complex cognitive functions have historically been ascribed to the prefrontal cortex. AUD, however, disrupts extensive areas of the brain. Structural and functional MRI studies suggest a central role for degradation of circuitry originating in the prefrontal cortex including nodes in widespread brain regions. This review features fronto-fugal circuits affected by AUD including frontocerebellar, frontolimbic, and frontostriatal networks and their relations to the salient, enduring, and debilitating cognitive and motor deficits reported in AUD. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Alcoholism".
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neuroscience Department, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neuroscience Department, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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28
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Zahr NM, Sullivan EV, Rohlfing T, Mayer D, Collins AM, Luong R, Pfefferbaum A. Concomitants of alcoholism: differential effects of thiamine deficiency, liver damage, and food deprivation on the rat brain in vivo. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2675-86. [PMID: 27129864 PMCID: PMC4919142 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Serious neurological concomitants of alcoholism include Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), and hepatic encephalopathy (HE). OBJECTIVES This study was conducted in animal models to determine neuroradiological signatures associated with liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), thiamine deficiency caused by pyrithiamine treatment, and nonspecific nutritional deficiency caused by food deprivation. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were used to evaluate brains of wild-type Wistar rats at baseline and following treatment. RESULTS Similar to observations in ethanol (EtOH) exposure models, thiamine deficiency caused enlargement of the lateral ventricles. Liver damage was not associated with effects on cerebrospinal fluid volumes, whereas food deprivation caused modest enlargement of the cisterns. In contrast to what has repeatedly been shown in EtOH exposure models, in which levels of choline-containing compounds (Cho) measured by MRS are elevated, Cho levels in treated animals in all three experiments (i.e., liver damage, thiamine deficiency, and food deprivation) were lower than those in baseline or controls. CONCLUSIONS These results add to the growing body of literature suggesting that MRS-detectable Cho is labile and can depend on a number of variables that are not often considered in human experiments. These results also suggest that reductions in Cho observed in humans with alcohol use disorder (AUD) may well be due to mild manifestations of concomitants of AUD such as liver damage or nutritional deficiencies and not necessarily to alcohol consumption per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Torsten Rohlfing
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Amy M Collins
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Richard Luong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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29
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Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) represents a major public health issue due to its prevalence and severe health consequences. It may affect several aspects of an individual's life including work and relationships, and it also increases risk for additional problems such as brain injury. The causes and outcomes of AUD are varied; thus, attempting to understand this complex phenomenon requires investigation from multiple perspectives. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful means to investigate brain anatomical and functional alterations related to AUD. Recent advances in MRI methods allow better investigation of the alterations to structural and functional brain networks in AUD. Here, we focus on findings from studies using multiple MRI techniques, which converge to support the considerable vulnerability of frontal systems. Indeed, MRI studies provide evidence for a "disconnection syndrome" which could be involved in the poor behavioral control observed in AUD.
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30
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Staples MC, Mandyam CD. Thinking after Drinking: Impaired Hippocampal-Dependent Cognition in Human Alcoholics and Animal Models of Alcohol Dependence. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:162. [PMID: 27746746 PMCID: PMC5043052 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder currently affects approximately 18 million Americans, with at least half of these individuals having significant cognitive impairments subsequent to their chronic alcohol use. This is most widely apparent as frontal cortex-dependent cognitive dysfunction, where executive function and decision-making are severely compromised, as well as hippocampus-dependent cognitive dysfunction, where contextual and temporal reasoning are negatively impacted. This review discusses the relevant clinical literature to support the theory that cognitive recovery in tasks dependent on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus is temporally different across extended periods of abstinence from alcohol. Additional studies from preclinical models are discussed to support clinical findings. Finally, the unique cellular composition of the hippocampus and cognitive impairment dependent on the hippocampus is highlighted in the context of alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda C Staples
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Chitra D Mandyam
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA , USA
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31
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Herrera-Díaz A, Mendoza-Quiñones R, Melie-Garcia L, Martínez-Montes E, Sanabria-Diaz G, Romero-Quintana Y, Salazar-Guerra I, Carballoso-Acosta M, Caballero-Moreno A. Functional Connectivity and Quantitative EEG in Women with Alcohol Use Disorders: A Resting-State Study. Brain Topogr 2015; 29:368-81. [PMID: 26660886 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-015-0467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at exploring the electroencephalographic features associated with alcohol use disorders (AUD) during a resting-state condition, by using quantitative EEG and Functional Connectivity analyses. In addition, we explored whether EEG functional connectivity is associated with trait impulsivity. Absolute and relative powers and Synchronization Likelihood (SL) as a measure of functional connectivity were analyzed in 15 AUD women and fifteen controls matched in age, gender and education. Correlation analysis between self-report impulsivity as measured by the Barratt impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and SL values of AUD patients were performed. Our results showed increased absolute and relative beta power in AUD patients compared to matched controls, and reduced functional connectivity in AUD patients predominantly in the beta and alpha bands. Impaired connectivity was distributed at fronto-central and occipito-parietal regions in the alpha band, and over the entire scalp in the beta band. We also found that impaired functional connectivity particularly in alpha band at fronto-central areas was negative correlated with non-planning dimension of impulsivity. These findings suggest that functional brain abnormalities are present in AUD patients and a disruption of resting-state EEG functional connectivity is associated with psychopathological traits of addictive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lester Melie-Garcia
- LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Montes
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Cuban Neuroscience Center, Havana, Cuba.,Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gretel Sanabria-Diaz
- LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption affects multiple cognitive processes supported by far-reaching cerebral networks. To identify neurofunctional mechanisms underlying selective deficits, 27 sober alcoholics and 26 age-matched controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing. Functional connectivity analysis assessed the default mode network (DMN); integrative executive control (EC), salience (SA), and attention (AT) networks; primary somatosensory, auditory, and visual (VI) input networks; and subcortical reward (RW) and emotion (EM) networks. The groups showed an extensive overlap of intrinsic connectivity in all brain networks examined, suggesting overall integrity of large-scale functional networks. Despite these similar patterns, connectivity analyses identified network-specific differences of weaker within-network connectivity and expanded connectivity to regions outside the main networks in alcoholics compared with controls. For AT and VI networks, better task performance was related to expanded connectivity in alcoholism, supporting the concept of network expansion as a neural mechanism for functional compensation. For default mode, SA, RW, and EC networks, both weaker within-network and expanded outside-network connectivity correlated with poorer performance and mood. Current smoking contributed to some of these abnormalities in connectivity. The observed pattern of resting-state connectivity might reflect neural vulnerability of intrinsic networking in alcoholics and suggests a mechanism to explain signature impairments in EM, RW evaluation, and EC ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Müller-Oehring
- Neurosci Program, Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Young-Chul Jung
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Neurosci Program, Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Tilman Schulte
- Neurosci Program, Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
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Valmas MM, Mosher Ruiz S, Gansler DA, Sawyer KS, Oscar-Berman M. Social cognition deficits and associations with drinking history in alcoholic men and women. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 38:2998-3007. [PMID: 25581654 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of a social cognition factor as an element of general cognition in healthy control and clinical populations. Recently developed measures of social cognition include the social perception and faces subtests of the Wechsler Advanced Clinical Solutions (ACS) Social Cognition module. While these measures have been validated on various clinical samples, they have not been studied in alcoholics. Alcoholism has been associated with emotional abnormalities and diminished social cognitive functioning as well as neuropathology of brain areas underlying social processing abilities. We used the ACS Social Perception and Faces subtests to assess alcoholism-related impairments in social cognition. METHODS Social cognitive functioning was assessed in 77 abstinent alcoholic individuals (37 women) and 59 nonalcoholic control participants (29 women), using measures of the ACS Social Cognition module and subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) that contain a social cognition component (Picture Completion and Comprehension). Group and gender differences in ACS and WAIS-IV performance were assessed, as well as relationships between measures of alcoholism severity and social cognitive functioning. RESULTS Alcoholics performed significantly worse than nonalcoholics on the ACS measures of Affect Naming and Faces Content. Alcoholic men were impaired relative to alcoholic women on Prosody Face Matching and Faces Content scores. Among alcoholics, longer durations of heavy drinking were associated with poorer performance on Affect Naming, and a greater number of daily drinks were associated with lower Prosody Face Matching performance. For alcoholic women, a longer duration of abstinence was associated with better performance on Affect Naming. CONCLUSIONS Alcoholic men and women showed different patterns of associations between alcoholism indices and clinically validated social cognition assessments. These findings extend into the social cognition domain, previous literature demonstrating the presence of cognitive deficits in alcoholism, their association with alcoholism severity, and variability by gender. Moreover, because impairments in social cognition can persist despite extended abstinence, they have important implications for relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Valmas
- Psychology Research Service , VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychology , Suffolk University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology , Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Kim H, Kim YK, Gwak AR, Lim JA, Lee JY, Jung HY, Sohn BK, Choi SW, Kim DJ, Choi JS. Resting-state regional homogeneity as a biological marker for patients with Internet gaming disorder: A comparison with patients with alcohol use disorder and healthy controls. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 60:104-11. [PMID: 25689820 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Internet gaming disorder (IGD) shares core clinical features with other addictive disorders, such as gambling disorder and substance use disorder. Designation of IGD as a formal disorder requires elucidation of its neurobiological features and comparison of these with those of other addictive disorders. The aims of the present study were to identify the neurobiological features of the resting-state brain of patients with IGD, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and healthy controls, and to examine brain regions related to the clinical characteristics of IGD. METHOD Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 16 subjects with IGD, 14 subjects with AUD, and 15 healthy controls during the resting-state. We computed regional homogeneity (ReHo) measures to identify intrinsic local connectivity and to explore associations with clinical status and impulsivity. RESULTS We found significantly increased ReHo in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) of the IGD and AUD groups, and decreased ReHo in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) of those with IGD, compared with the AUD and HC groups. We also found decreased ReHo in the anterior cingulate cortex of patients with AUD. Scores on Internet addiction severity were positively correlated with ReHo in the medial frontal cortex, precuneus/PCC, and left inferior temporal cortex (ITC) among those with IGD. Furthermore, impulsivity scores were negatively correlated with that in the left ITC in individuals with IGD. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence of distinctive functional changes in the resting-state of patients with IGD and demonstrate that increased ReHo in the PCC may be a common neurobiological feature of IGD and AUD and that reduced ReHo in the STG may be a candidate neurobiological marker for IGD, differentiating individuals with this disorder from those with AUD and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Reum Gwak
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-A Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Sohn
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Wook Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, GangnamEulji Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Laidi C, d’Albis MA, Wessa M, Linke J, Phillips M, Delavest M, Bellivier F, Versace A, Almeida J, Sarrazin S, Poupon C, Le Dudal K, Daban C, Hamdani N, Leboyer M, Houenou J. Cerebellar volume in schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder with and without psychotic features. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 131:223-33. [PMID: 25430729 PMCID: PMC4329064 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is growing evidence that cerebellum plays a crucial role in cognition and emotional regulation. Cerebellum is likely to be involved in the physiopathology of both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The objective of our study was to compare cerebellar size between patients with bipolar disorder, patients with schizophrenia, and healthy controls in a multicenter sample. In addition, we studied the influence of psychotic features on cerebellar size in patients with bipolar disorder. METHOD One hundred and fifteen patients with bipolar I disorder, 32 patients with schizophrenia, and 52 healthy controls underwent 3 Tesla MRI. Automated segmentation of cerebellum was performed using FreeSurfer software. Volumes of cerebellar cortex and white matter were extracted. Analyses of covariance were conducted, and age, sex, and intracranial volume were considered as covariates. RESULTS Bilateral cerebellar cortical volumes were smaller in patients with schizophrenia compared with patients with bipolar I disorder and healthy controls. We found no significant difference of cerebellar volume between bipolar patients with and without psychotic features. No change was evidenced in white matter. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that reduction in cerebellar cortical volume is specific to schizophrenia. Cerebellar dysfunction in bipolar disorder, if present, appears to be more subtle than a reduction in cerebellar volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Laidi
- AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France,INSERM, U955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France,Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France,UNIACT, Neurospin, I2BM, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Marc-Antoine d’Albis
- AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France,INSERM, U955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France,Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France,UNIACT, Neurospin, I2BM, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Michèle Wessa
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Center For Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Linke
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Center For Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mary Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marine Delavest
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France,AP-HP, Groupe Saint-Louis, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Pôle Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France,AP-HP, Groupe Saint-Louis, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Pôle Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Amelia Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jorge Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Sarrazin
- AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France,INSERM, U955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France,Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France,UNIACT, Neurospin, I2BM, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Cyril Poupon
- UNIRS, Neurospin, I2BM, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Katia Le Dudal
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique 1430 et Plateforme de Ressources Biologiques, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Claire Daban
- AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France,INSERM, U955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
| | - Nora Hamdani
- AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France,INSERM, U955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France,INSERM, U955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France,Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
| | - Josselin Houenou
- AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France,INSERM, U955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France,UNIACT, Neurospin, I2BM, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France,*Corresponding author: Josselin Houenou, MD, PhD, INSERM U955, Pôle de psychiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, 40 rue de Mesly 94000 Créteil France, Phone: +33 1 49 81 30 51, Fax: +33 1 49 81 30 59,
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Fein G. Neuroplasticity in Human Alcoholism: Studies of Extended Abstinence with Potential Treatment Implications. Alcohol Res 2015; 37:125-41. [PMID: 26259093 PMCID: PMC4476599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholism is characterized by a lack of control over excessive alcohol consumption despite significant negative consequences. This impulsive and compulsive behavior may be related to functional abnormalities within networks of brain regions responsible for how we make decisions. The abnormalities may result in strengthened networks related to appetitive drive-or the need to fulfill desires-and simultaneously weakened networks that exercise control over behaviors. Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in abstinent alcoholics suggest that abstinence is associated with changes in the tone of such networks, decreasing resting tone in appetitive drive networks, and increasing resting tone in inhibitory control networks to support continued abstinence. Identifying electroencephalographic (EEG) measures of resting tone in these networks initially identified using fMRI, and establishing in longitudinal studies that these abstinence-related changes in network tone are progressive would motivate treatment initiatives to facilitate these changes in network tone, thereby supporting successful ongoing abstinence.
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Jung YC, Schulte T, Müller-Oehring EM, Namkoong K, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV. Compromised frontocerebellar circuitry contributes to nonplanning impulsivity in recovering alcoholics. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:4443-53. [PMID: 24781521 PMCID: PMC4216649 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Degradation of frontocerebellar circuitry is a principal neural mechanism of alcoholism-related executive dysfunctions affecting impulse control and cognitive planning. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that alcoholic patients would demonstrate compromised dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) -cerebellar functional connectivity when adjusting their strategies to accommodate uncertain conditions and would recruit compensatory brain regions to overcome ineffective response patterns. METHODS Twenty-six alcoholics and 26 healthy participants underwent functional MRI in two sequential runs while performing a decision-making task. The first run required a response regardless of level of ambiguity of the stimuli; the second run allowed a PASS option (i.e., no response choice), which was useful on ambiguous trials. RESULTS Healthy controls demonstrated strong synchronous activity between the dACC and cerebellum while planning and executing a behavioral strategy. By contrast, alcoholics showed synchronous activity between the dACC and the premotor cortex, perhaps enabling successful compensation for accuracy and reaction time in certain conditions; however, a negative outcome of this strategy was rigidity in modifying response strategy to accommodate uncertain conditions. Compared with the alcoholic group, the control group had lower nonplanning impulsiveness, which correlated with using the option PASS to respond in uncertain conditions. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that compromised dACC-cerebellar functional circuitry contributes to recruitment of an alternative network-dACC-premotor cortex- to perform well under low-risk, unambiguous conditions. This compensatory network, however, was inadequate to enable the alcoholics to avert making poor choices in planning and executing an effective behavioral strategy in high-risk, uncertain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chul Jung
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea, 120-752,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA, 94305
| | - Tilman Schulte
- Neuroscience program, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA, 94025
| | - Eva M. Müller-Oehring
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA, 94305, Neuroscience program, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA, 94025
| | - Kee Namkoong
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea, 120-752
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA, 94305, Neuroscience program, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA, 94025
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA, 94305
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Reuter-Lorenz PA, Park DC. How does it STAC up? Revisiting the scaffolding theory of aging and cognition. Neuropsychol Rev 2014; 24:355-70. [PMID: 25143069 PMCID: PMC4150993 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-014-9270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
"The Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition (STAC)", proposed in 2009, is a conceptual model of cognitive aging that integrated evidence from structural and functional neuroimaging to explain how the combined effects of adverse and compensatory neural processes produce varying levels of cognitive function. The model made clear and testable predictions about how different brain variables, both structural and functional, were related to cognitive function, focusing on the core construct of compensatory scaffolding. The present paper provides a revised model that integrates new evidence about the aging brain that has emerged since STAC was published 5 years ago. Unlike the original STAC model, STAC-r incorporates life-course factors that serve to enhance or deplete neural resources, thereby influencing the developmental course of brain structure and function, as well as cognition, over time. Life-course factors also influence compensatory processes that are engaged to meet cognitive challenge, and to ameliorate the adverse effects of structural and functional decline. The revised model is discussed in relation to recent lifespan and longitudinal data as well as emerging evidence about the effects of training interventions. STAC-r goes beyond the previous model by combining a life-span approach with a life-course approach to understand and predict cognitive status and rate of cognitive change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Reuter-Lorenz
- Department of Psychology, The University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA,
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Thalamic abnormalities are a cardinal feature of alcohol-related brain dysfunction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 54:38-45. [PMID: 25108034 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Two brain networks are particularly affected by the harmful effect of chronic and excessive alcohol consumption: the circuit of Papez and the frontocerebellar circuit, in both of which the thalamus plays a key role. Shrinkage of the thalamus is more severe in alcoholics with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) than in those without neurological complication (AL). In accordance with the gradient effect of thalamic abnormalities between AL and KS, the pattern of brain dysfunction in the Papez's circuit results in anterograde amnesia in KS and only mild-to-moderate episodic memory disorders in AL. On the opposite, dysfunction of the frontocerebellar circuit results in a similar pattern of working memory and executive deficits in the AL and KS. Several hypotheses, mutually compatible, can be drawn to explain that the severe thalamic shrinkage observed in KS has different consequences in the neuropsychological profile associated with the two brain networks.
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Abstract
Deficits of attention, emotion, and cognition occur in individuals with alcohol abuse and addiction. This review elucidates the concepts of attention, emotion, and cognition and references research on the underlying neural networks and their compromise in alcohol use disorder. Neuroimaging research on adolescents with family history of alcoholism contributes to the understanding of pre-existing brain structural conditions and characterization of cognition and attention processes in high-risk individuals. Attention and cognition interact with other brain functions, including perceptual selection, salience, emotion, reward, and memory, through interconnected neural networks. Recent research reports compromised microstructural and functional network connectivity in alcoholism, which can have an effect on the dynamic tuning between brain systems, e.g., the frontally based executive control system, the limbic emotion system, and the midbrain-striatal reward system, thereby impeding cognitive flexibility and behavioral adaptation to changing environments. Finally, we introduce concepts of functional compensation, the capacity to generate attentional resources for performance enhancement, and brain structure recovery with abstinence. An understanding of the neural mechanisms of attention, emotion, and cognition will likely provide the basis for better treatment strategies for developing skills that enhance alcoholism therapy adherence and quality of life, and reduce the propensity for relapse.
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Component processes of memory in alcoholism: pattern of compromise and neural substrates. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 125:211-25. [PMID: 25307577 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Initially, alcohol-related memory deficits were considered only through the prism of Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). It is now clear, however, that chronic alcohol consumption results in memory disorders in alcoholics without ostensible neurologic complications, such as Wernicke's encephalopathy and KS. Most of the principal memory components are affected, including working memory, episodic memory, semantic memory, perceptual memory, and procedural memory. The extent of those cognitive impairments depends on several factors, such as age, gender, nutritional status, and psychiatric comorbidity. While memory disorders, especially episodic memory deficits, are largely definitive in patients with KS, recovery of memory abilities has been described with abstinence in uncomplicated alcoholics. Neuropsychologic impairments, and especially memory disorders, must be evaluated at alcohol treatment entry because they could impede patients from benefiting fully from cognitive and behavioral treatment approaches for alcohol dependence. Screening of memory deficits could also enable clinicians to detect, among alcoholics without ostensible neurologic complications, those at risk of developing permanent and debilitating amnesia that features KS.
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Oscar-Berman M, Valmas MM, Sawyer KS, Ruiz SM, Luhar RB, Gravitz ZR. Profiles of impaired, spared, and recovered neuropsychologic processes in alcoholism. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 125:183-210. [PMID: 25307576 PMCID: PMC4515358 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Long-term chronic alcoholism is associated with disparate and widespread residual consequences for brain functioning and behavior, and alcoholics suffer a variety of cognitive deficiencies and emotional abnormalities. Alcoholism has heterogeneous origins and outcomes, depending upon factors such as family history, age, gender, and mental or physical health. Consequently, the neuropsychologic profiles associated with alcoholism are not uniform among individuals. Moreover, within and across research studies, variability among subjects is substantial and contributes to characteristics associated with differential treatment outcomes after detoxification. In order to refine our understanding of alcoholism-related impaired, spared, and recovered abilities, we focus on five specific functional domains: (1) memory; (2) executive functions; (3) emotion and psychosocial skills; (4) visuospatial cognition; and (5) psychomotor abilities. Although the entire brain might be vulnerable in uncomplicated alcoholism, the brain systems that are considered to be most at risk are the frontocerebellar and mesocorticolimbic circuitries. Over time, with abstinence from alcohol, the brain appears to become reorganized to provide compensation for structural and behavioral deficits. By relying on a combination of clinical and scientific approaches, future research will help to refine the compensatory roles of healthy brain systems, the degree to which abstinence and treatment facilitate the reversal of brain atrophy and dysfunction, and the importance of individual differences to outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Boston University School of Medicine, L-815, 72 E. Newton St., Boston, MA 02118; ; telephone 617-638-4803
| | - Mary M. Valmas
- Boston University School of Medicine, L-815, 72 E. Newton St., Boston, MA 02118; ; telephone 617-638-4803
| | - Kayle S. Sawyer
- Boston University School of Medicine, L-815, 72 E. Newton St., Boston, MA 02118; ; telephone 617-638-4803
| | - Susan Mosher Ruiz
- Boston University School of Medicine, L-815, 72 E. Newton St., Boston, MA 02118; ; telephone 617-638-4803
| | - Riya B. Luhar
- Boston University School of Medicine, L-815, 72 E. Newton St., Boston, MA 02118; ; telephone 617-638-4803
| | - Zoe R. Gravitz
- Boston University School of Medicine, L-815, 72 E. Newton St., Boston, MA 02118; ; telephone 617-638-4803
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Abstract
Alcoholism can be described as a disorder characterized by impulsive decision-making processes, wherein potential short-term appetitive outcomes of drinking (e.g., intoxication) are deemed more important than potential long-term aversive consequences of drinking (e.g., drunk-driving arrests). Separate but interrelated neurocognitive pathways to impulsive decision making exist - one reflected by weak "top-down" executive control over impulsive and compulsive urges to consume alcohol, the other reflected by a strong "bottom-up" appetitive drive in impulsive and compulsive urges to consume alcohol. We present behavioral evidence of poor executive control and strong appetitive drive and neural evidence describing differences in functional and organizational patterns in brain executive control and appetitive drive networks. We discuss how these behavioral and neural aspects of alcoholism are associated with impulsive decision making and risky behavior in alcoholics, and how these patterns differ at different stages of alcoholism dependence and recovery.
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Bernardin F, Maheut-Bosser A, Paille F. Cognitive impairments in alcohol-dependent subjects. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:78. [PMID: 25076914 PMCID: PMC4099962 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic excessive alcohol consumption induces cognitive impairments mainly affecting executive functions, episodic memory, and visuospatial capacities related to multiple brain lesions. These cognitive impairments not only determine everyday management of these patients, but also impact on the efficacy of management and may compromise the abstinence prognosis. Maintenance of lasting abstinence is associated with cognitive recovery in these patients, but some impairments may persist and interfere with the good conduct and the efficacy of management. It therefore appears essential to clearly define neuropsychological management designed to identify and evaluate the type and severity of alcohol-related cognitive impairments. It is also essential to develop cognitive remediation therapy so that the patient can fully benefit from the management proposed in addiction medicine units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Bernardin
- Service d'Addictologie, CHU Nancy , Vandoeuvre , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France
| | | | - François Paille
- Service d'Addictologie, CHU Nancy , Vandoeuvre , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France
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Chanraud S, Sullivan EV. Compensatory recruitment of neural resources in chronic alcoholism. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 125:369-80. [PMID: 25307586 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Functional recovery occurs with sustained sobriety, but the neural mechanisms enabling recovery are only now emerging. Theories about promising mechanisms involve concepts of neuroadaptation, where excessive alcohol consumption results in untoward structural and functional brain changes which are subsequently candidates for reversal with sobriety. Views on functional adaptation in chronic alcoholism have expanded with results from neuroimaging studies. Here, we first describe and define the concept of neuroadaptation according to emerging theories based on the growing literature in aging-related cognitive functioning. Then we describe findings as they apply to chronic alcoholism and factors that could influence compensation, such as functional brain reserve and the integrity of brain structure. Finally, we review brain plasticity based on physiologic mechanisms that could underlie mechanisms of neural compensation. Where possible, we provide operational criteria to define functional and neural compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Chanraud
- EPHE; INCIA, CNRS UMR 5287, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Perspectives on the neuroscience of alcohol from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 125:15-29. [PMID: 25307566 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence over the last 40 years clearly indicates that alcoholism (alcohol dependence) is a disorder of the brain. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) has taken significant steps to advance research into the neuroscience of alcohol. The Division of Neuroscience and Behavior (DNB) was formed within NIAAA in 2002 to oversee, fund, and direct all research areas that examine the effects of alcohol on the brain, the genetic underpinnings of alcohol dependence, the neuroadaptations resulting from excessive alcohol consumption, advanced behavioral models of the various stages of the addiction cycle, and preclinical medications development. This research portfolio has produced important discoveries in the etiology, treatment, and prevention of alcohol abuse and dependence. Several of these salient discoveries are highlighted and future areas of neuroscience research on alcohol are presented.
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Sullivan EV, Müller-Oehring E, Pitel AL, Chanraud S, Shankaranarayanan A, Alsop DC, Rohlfing T, Pfefferbaum A. A selective insular perfusion deficit contributes to compromised salience network connectivity in recovering alcoholic men. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 74:547-55. [PMID: 23587427 PMCID: PMC3766441 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholism can disrupt neural synchrony between nodes of intrinsic functional networks that are maximally active when resting relative to engaging in a task, the default mode network (DMN) pattern. Untested, however, are whether the DMN in alcoholics can rebound normally from the relatively depressed task state to the active resting state and whether local perfusion deficits could disrupt network synchrony when switching from conditions of rest to task to rest, thereby indicating a physiological mechanism of neural network adaptation capability. METHODS Whole-brain, three-dimensional pulsed-continuous arterial spin labeling provided measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in 12 alcoholics and 12 control subjects under three conditions: pretask rest, spatial working-memory task, and posttask rest. RESULTS With practice, alcoholics and control subjects achieved similar task accuracy and reaction times. Both groups exhibited a high-low-high pattern of perfusion levels in DMN regions during the rest-task-rest runs and the opposite pattern in posterior and cerebellar regions known to be associated with spatial working memory. Alcoholics showed selective differences from control subjects in the rest-task-rest CBF pattern in the anterior precuneus and CBF level in the insula, a hub of the salience network. Connectivity analysis identified activation synchrony from an insula seed to salience nodes (parietal, medial frontal, anterior cingulate cortices) in control subjects only. CONCLUSIONS We propose that attenuated insular CBF is a mechanism underlying compromised connectivity among salience network nodes. This local perfusion deficit in alcoholics has the potential to impair ability to switch from cognitive states of interoceptive cravings to cognitive control for curbing internal urges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
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Lee S, Lee E, Ku J, Yoon KJ, Namkoong K, Jung YC. Disruption of orbitofronto-striatal functional connectivity underlies maladaptive persistent behaviors in alcohol-dependent patients. Psychiatry Investig 2013; 10:266-72. [PMID: 24302950 PMCID: PMC3843019 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2013.10.3.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol dependence is characterized by persistent alcohol-seeking despite negative consequences. Previous studies suggest that maladaptive persistent behaviors reflect alcohol-induced brain changes that cause alterations in the cortico-striatal-limbic circuit. METHODS Twenty one alcohol dependent patients and 24 age-matched healthy controls performed a decision-making task during functional MRI. We defined the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) as a region-of-interest and performed seed-based functional connectivity analysis. RESULTS Healthy controls were more flexible in adapting an alternative behavioral strategy, which correlated with stronger mOFC-dorsal striatum functional connectivity. In contrast, alcohol dependent patients persisted to the first established behavioral strategy. The mOFC-dorsal striatum functional connectivity was impaired in the alcohol-dependent patients, but increased in correlation with the duration of abstinence. CONCLUSION Our findings support that the disruption of the mOFC-striatal circuitry contribute to the maldaptive persistent behaviors in alcohol dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seojung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Ku
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Jun Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Peter's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Namkoong
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Jung
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bates ME, Buckman JF, Nguyen TT. A role for cognitive rehabilitation in increasing the effectiveness of treatment for alcohol use disorders. Neuropsychol Rev 2013; 23:27-47. [PMID: 23412885 PMCID: PMC3610413 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-013-9228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurocognitive impairments are prevalent in persons seeking treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). These impairments and their physical, social, psychological and occupational consequences vary in severity across persons, much like those resulting from traumatic brain injury; however, due to their slower course of onset, alcohol-related cognitive impairments are often overlooked both within and outside of the treatment setting. Evidence suggests that cognitive impairments can impede treatment goals through their effects on treatment processes. Although some recovery of alcohol-related cognitive impairments often occurs after cessation of drinking (time-dependent recovery), the rate and extent of recovery is variable across cognitive domains and individuals. Following a long hiatus in scientific interest, a new generation of research aims to facilitate treatment process and improve AUD treatment outcomes by directly promoting cognitive recovery (experience-dependent recovery). This review updates knowledge about the nature and course of cognitive and brain impairments associated with AUD, including cognitive effects of adolescent AUD. We summarize current evidence for indirect and moderating relationships of cognitive impairment to treatment outcome, and discuss how advances in conceptual frameworks of brain-behavior relationships are fueling the development of novel AUD interventions that include techniques for cognitive remediation. Emerging evidence suggests that such interventions can be effective in promoting cognitive recovery in persons with AUD and other substance use disorders, and potentially increasing the efficacy of AUD treatments. Finally, translational approaches based on cognitive science, neurophysiology, and neuroscience research are considered as promising future directions for effective treatment development that includes cognitive rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha E Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8001, USA.
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