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Guo X, Qu FX, Zhang JD, Zheng F, Xin Y, Wang R, Li JY, Li HY, Lu CH. Amygdalin and exercise training exert a synergistic effect in improving cardiac performance and ameliorating cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:360-374. [PMID: 37944128 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of amygdalin (AMY, a cyanogenic glycoside widely distributed in the fruits and seeds of Rosaceae plants) on cardiac performance and ventricular remodeling in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). We also investigated whether the combination of AMY with exercise training (ExT) has a beneficial synergistic effect in treating MI rats. MI was induced by the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in male SD rats. ExT or AMY treatment was started 1 week after MI and continued for 1 week (short-term) or 8 weeks (long-term). Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters. Heart tissues were harvested and subjected to 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride, Masson's trichrome, hematoxylin-eosin, and immunohistochemical staining. Gene expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blot gave a qualitative assessment of protein levels. AMY or ExT improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size in MI rats. AMY or ExT also suppressed myocardial fibrosis and attenuated inflammation in the infarct border zone of hearts from MI rats, as evidenced by inhibition of collagen deposition, inflammatory cell infiltration, and pro-inflammatory markers (interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cyclooxygenase 2). Notably, the effects of AMY combined with ExT were superior to those of AMY alone or ExT alone. Mechanistically, these beneficial functions were correlated with the inhibition of MI-induced activation of the transforming growth factor-β/Smad pathway. Collectively, AMY and ExT exert a synergistic effect on improving cardiac performance and ameliorating cardiac inflammation and fibrosis after MI, and the effects of long-term intervention were better than short-term intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- Heart Center, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Xia Qu
- Heart Center, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Dong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fa Zheng
- Heart Center, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xin
- Heart Center, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- Heart Center, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yuan Li
- Heart Center, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ying Li
- Heart Center, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Hong Lu
- Heart Center, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Sarlak Z, Eidi A, Ghorbanzadeh V, Moghaddasi M, Mortazavi P. miR-34a/SIRT1/HIF-1α axis is involved in cardiac angiogenesis of type 2 diabetic rats: The protective effect of sodium butyrate combined with treadmill exercise. Biofactors 2023; 49:1085-1098. [PMID: 37560982 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide. Recent research has indicated that sodium butyrate (NaB) affects glucose metabolism and exercise has an anti-hyperglycemic effect in diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of NaB and treadmill exercise on heart angiogenesis through the miR-34a/SIRT1/FOXO1-HIF-1α pathway. Diabetic animals received NaB (400 mg/kg daily, orally) and treadmill exercise for 6 weeks. The effect of NaB and treadmill exercise, alone or combined, on miR-34a expression, SIRT1, FOXO1, HIF-1α levels, and angiogenesis in diabetic heart tissue was measured. Diabetes caused increased miR-34a (p < 0.01) and FOXO1 (p < 0.001) expression levels. Also, SIRT1 (p < 0.001) and HIF-1α (not significant) expression levels were reduced in diabetic rats. NaB and treadmill exercise decreased miR-34a (respectively p < 0.05 and not significant) and FOXO1 (both p < 0.001) expression levels and improved SIRT1 (both not significant) and HIF-1α (respectively p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) levels. Also, NaB combined with treadmill exercise decreased miR-34a (p < 0.001) and FOXO1 (p < 0.001) expression levels, and elevated SIRT1 (p < 0.05) and HIF-1α (p < 0.001) levels in comparison with the diabetic group. NaB and treadmill exercises modulate the expression of miR-34a and the levels of SIRT1, FOXO1, and HIF-1α proteins, thus increasing angiogenesis in the heart tissue of diabetic rats. It can be concluded that NaB and treadmill exercise, alone or combined, may be useful in the treatment of diabetes through the miR-34a/SIRT1/FOXO1-HIF-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Sarlak
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajihe Ghorbanzadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Moghaddasi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Pejman Mortazavi
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Yusifov A, Borders MO, DeHoff MA, Polson SM, Schmitt EE, Bruns DR. Juvenile physical activity protects against isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction later in life. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:572-583. [PMID: 37439235 PMCID: PMC10538985 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00010.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is an enormous public health problem, particularly in older populations. Exercise is the most potent cardioprotective intervention identified to date, with exercise in the juvenile period potentially imparting greater protection, given the plasticity of the developing heart. To test the hypothesis that voluntary wheel running early in life would be cardioprotective later in life when risk for disease is high, we provided male and female juvenile (3 wk old) mice access to a running wheel for 2 wk. Mice then returned to a home cage to age to adulthood (4-6 mo) before exposure to isoproterenol (ISO) to induce cardiac stress. Cardiac function and remodeling were compared with sedentary control mice, sedentary mice exposed to ISO, and mice that exercised in adulthood immediately before ISO. Early in life activity protected against ISO-induced stress as evidenced by attenuated cardiac mass, myocyte size, and fibrosis compared with sedentary mice exposed to ISO. ISO-induced changes in cardiac function were ameliorated in male mice that engaged in wheel running, with ejection fraction and fractional shortening reversed to control values. Adrenergic receptor expression was downregulated in juvenile male runners. This suppression persisted in adulthood following ISO, providing a putative mechanism by which exercise in the young male heart provides resilience to cardiac stress later in life. Together, we show that activity early in life induces persistent cardiac changes that attenuate ISO-induced stress in adulthood. Identification of the mechanisms by which early in life exercise is protective will yield valuable insights into how exercise is medicine across the life course.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Voluntary wheel running activity early in life induces persistent changes in the heart that attenuate isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy and fibrosis in adulthood. Though the mechanisms of this protection remain incompletely understood, activity-induced downregulation of adrenergic receptor expression early in life may contribute to later protection against adrenergic stress. Together these data suggest that efforts to maintain an active lifestyle early in life may have long-lasting cardioprotective benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykhan Yusifov
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Megan O Borders
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - MacKenzie A DeHoff
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Sydney M Polson
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Emily E Schmitt
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
- WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Danielle R Bruns
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
- WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
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Heiat F, Ahmadi A, Shojaeifard M. The Exercise Preconditioning Effect on Cardiac Tissue Injury following Induction of Myocardial Infarction in Male Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:3631458. [PMID: 37483656 PMCID: PMC10359142 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3631458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Materials and Methods Twenty-four male rats were divided into 4 groups including MI, Sham, HIIT, and HIIT+MI (N = 6). HIIT and HIIT+MI which underwent high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for 4 weeks (5 days a week). The training protocol included 10 intervals of 1-minute running, with 2 minutes rest between each interval. The training intensity was different every week according to the peak treadmill running speed (v peak) percentage of each rat. Isoproterenol injection was used to induce myocardial infarction (MI). Expressions of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), PGC-1α troponin-I, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and microRNA 126 (miR-126) genes were measured. The variables were measured using biochemical and RT-PCR methods. The significance level (P value≤0.05) was analyzed using ANOVA test. Results The results showed that 4 weeks of HIIT training led to a significant increase in PGC-1α, TFAm, and VEGF levels in the MI, HIIT, and HIIT+MI groups compared to the sham group (P = 0.001). HIIT exercises increased miR-126 in the different groups compared to the sham group; however, it was not significant. Conclusion The results obtained showed that HIIT exercise exerts cardio-protective effects to reduce cardiac tissue injury and necrosis against MI. These effects increase mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis by inducing the increased expression of VEGF, TFAM, PGC-1α, and miR-126 genes in the heart tissue. Therefore, HIIT training, as a preconditioning program, was able to protect the cardiac tissue against MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Heiat
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran
| | - Azam Ahmadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Mirdamad Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Manzarbanoo Shojaeifard
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INRPRC) Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Liu C, Wu X, Vulugundam G, Gokulnath P, Li G, Xiao J. Exercise Promotes Tissue Regeneration: Mechanisms Involved and Therapeutic Scope. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:27. [PMID: 37149504 PMCID: PMC10164224 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has well-recognized beneficial effects on the whole body. Previous studies suggest that exercise could promote tissue regeneration and repair in various organs. In this review, we have summarized the major effects of exercise on tissue regeneration primarily mediated by stem cells and progenitor cells in skeletal muscle, nervous system, and vascular system. The protective function of exercise-induced stem cell activation under pathological conditions and aging in different organs have also been discussed in detail. Moreover, we have described the primary molecular mechanisms involved in exercise-induced tissue regeneration, including the roles of growth factors, signaling pathways, oxidative stress, metabolic factors, and non-coding RNAs. We have also summarized therapeutic approaches that target crucial signaling pathways and molecules responsible for exercise-induced tissue regeneration, such as IGF1, PI3K, and microRNAs. Collectively, the comprehensive understanding of exercise-induced tissue regeneration will facilitate the discovery of novel drug targets and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | | | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Chodari L, Derafshpour L, Jafari A, Ghasemi M, Mehranfard N. Exercise may alleviate age-related spatial memory impairment by rescuing β-adrenergic receptor dysregulation via both G protein-dependent and β-arrestin-dependent mechanisms in rat hippocampus. Brain Res 2023; 1804:148250. [PMID: 36690167 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal-dependent memory abilities including spatial memory decline with age. Exercise improves memory decline in aging brain, but, the precise mechanisms are still unknown. Learning and memory are recently hypothesized to be mediated by a β-arrestin (βArr)-dependent β-adrenergic pathway. Hence, we examined the effect of 8 weeks of treadmill exercise on hippocampal expression of β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs; members of the G protein-coupled receptor family), and βArrs as well as spatial learning and memory in aged male rats to determine whether β-AR/βArr pathway could be involved in age-related memory decline. A total of 24 young (3-month-old) and aged (18-month-old) male Wistar rats were divided into young control, aged sedentary, and aged + exercise (n = 8 for each). Western blot for β1- and β2-ARs as well as βArr1 and βArr2 was performed. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated with the Morris water maze. The results showed significant up-regulation of β1-ARs as well as significant down-regulation of β2-AR and βArrs (βArr1 and βArr2) in the hippocampus of aged rats. Spatial memory, but not spatial learning, was impaired in aging, and treadmill exercise improved it. Notably, the improvement in spatial memory was accompanied by amelioration of β-ARs dysregulation and increase in βArr2 levels after exercise. There was a negative association between the expression of βArr2 and β1-AR, but not β2-AR, such that an increase in βArr2 by exercise was associated with reduced β1-AR expression, suggesting βArr2 may contribute to posttranslational down-regulation of β1-ARs. These data suggest that both G protein-dependent and β-arrestin-dependent β-AR pathways may regulate spatial learning and memory in aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Chodari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Derafshpour
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mehranfard
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Anagnostopoulos I, Kousta M, Kossyvakis C, Lakka E, Vrachatis D, Deftereos S, Vassilikos VP, Giannopoulos G. Weekly physical activity and incident atrial fibrillation in females - A dose-response meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2023; 370:191-196. [PMID: 36356696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For years, physical activity (PA) has been considered a mixed blessing in terms of the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF). Previous analyses have had equivocal results regarding the cut-off of PA level beyond which AF risk increases, if such a limit really does exist. Data regarding females in particular have been scarce. METHODS We performed a dose-response meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between weekly PA and the risk for AF in females. Major electronic databases were searched for studies assessing the association between leisure time PA and the risk for incident AF in females from the general population. The linearity of the dose-response curve was assessed using the restricted cubic spline model. RESULTS A total of 15 studies, which involved 1,821,422 females, were included in the final analysis. AF incidence was 3.7%. Dose-response analysis revealed an inverse nonlinear relationship between weekly PA and the risk for incident AF (p for linearity <0.0001). No significant heterogeneity was documented (I2 = 37%). Cautious interpretation is needed for PA exceeding 50 metabolic equivalents of task- hours per week (METs- h/w), due to limited available data for these high levels of PA. CONCLUSION According to this analysis, physicians can safely advise females to perform up to 50METs- h/w of moderate or vigorous PA, to reduce the risk for future AF. Interestingly, significant benefit can be attained even at low levels of regular weekly PA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Kousta
- Cardiology Department, Athens General Hospital "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Lakka
- Cardiology Department, Athens General Hospital "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vrachatis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Deftereos
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios P Vassilikos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Giannopoulos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Role of Chitinase-3-like Protein 1 in Cardioprotection and Angiogenesis by Post-Infarction Exercise Training. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051028. [PMID: 35625766 PMCID: PMC9138221 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a myokine involving tissue remodeling and inflammatory processes. CHI3L1 and its receptor protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) are induced by exercise in skeletal muscles. However, it remains unknown if CHI3L1/PAR2 signaling also mediates exercise-induced cardioprotection after myocardial infarction. Twenty-four adult male rats were divided into three groups (n = 8/group), receiving: (1) a sham operation; (2) permanent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery; and (3) post-MI exercise training with one-week adaptive treadmill exercise for seven days followed by four weeks of aerobic exercise. Left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressure indices were measured and cardiac fibrosis, and angiogenesis were examined. Furthermore, HUVEC cells were treated in vitro with AMPK agonist—AICAR (a putative pharmacological memetic of exercise), recombinant human CHI3L1, PAR2 receptor blocker (AZ3451), and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), respectively. We found that post-MI exercise significantly upregulated CHI3L1, PAR2, pPI3K/PI3K, pAKT/AKT, pERK/ERK, improved cardiac function, and diminished fibrosis. AICAR increased HUVEC tubules formation and upregulated CHI3L1 and PAR2 and these changes were attenuated by PAR2 blocker. In conclusion, post-MI exercise training can effectively activate CHI3L1/PAR2 signaling, which led to the improved myocardial function and enhanced cardiac angiogenesis in the infarcted heart.
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Vladimirsky VE, Vladimirsky EV, Lunina AN, Fesyun AD, Rachin AP, Lebedeva OD, Yakovlev MY, Tubekova MA. [Molecular mechanisms of adaptive and therapeutic effects of physical activity in patients with cardiovascular diseases]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOI FIZICHESKOI KULTURY 2022; 99:69-77. [PMID: 35485663 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20229902169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is one of the main components of the rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). As shown by practice and the results of evidence-based studies, the beneficial effects of physical activity on disease outcomes in a number of cardiac nosologies are comparable to drug treatment. This gives the doctor another tool to influence the unfavorable epidemiological situation in developed countries with the spread of diseases of the cardiovascular system and CVD mortality. Reliable positive results of cardiorehabilitation (CR) were obtained using various methods. The goal of CR is to restore the optimal physiological, psychological and professional status, reduce the risk of CVD and mortality. In most current CVD guidelines worldwide, cardiac rehabilitation is a Class I recommendation. The molecular mechanisms described in the review, initiated by physical activity, underlie the multifactorial effect of the latter on the function of the cardiovascular system and the course of cardiac diseases. Physical exercise is an important component of the therapeutic management of patients with CVD, which is supported by the results of a meta-analysis of 63 studies associated with various forms of aerobic exercise of varying intensity (from 50 to 95% VO2) for 1 to 47 months, which showed that CR based on physical exercise improves cardiorespiratory endurance. Knowledge of the molecular basis of the influence of physical activity makes it possible to use biochemical markers to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A N Lunina
- Wagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, Russia
| | - A D Fesyun
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A P Rachin
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O D Lebedeva
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Yu Yakovlev
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Tubekova
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
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Souza HCD, Philbois SV, Veiga AC, Aguilar BA. Heart Rate Variability and Cardiovascular Fitness: What We Know so Far. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021; 17:701-711. [PMID: 34803382 PMCID: PMC8598208 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s279322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuation analysis in intervals between heartbeats provides important indices related to autonomic modulation of heart rate variability (HRV). These indices are considered predictors of morbidity and mortality as they are frequently altered in patients with chronic degenerative diseases, especially in those with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Similarly, a reduction in HRV is common with aging. In all cases, cardiovascular fitness is often reduced to below the predicted values. In turn, increases in cardiovascular fitness through regular physical exercise, especially aerobic exercise, represent an important therapeutic tool capable of promoting positive adjustments in cardiac autonomic modulation. These adjustments are characterized by reduced sympathetic modulatory influence and/or increased vagal modulatory influence on the heart, increasing the HRV. Therefore, several methodological tools have been used to assess the degree of impairment of autonomic modulation and the therapeutic effects of physical exercise. In contrast, establishment of strict protocols in experimental design is a main challenge in establishing HRV analysis as a robust parameter for evaluating cardiovascular homeostasis. Thus, this review aimed to contribute to the understanding of autonomic modulation of HRV and its relationship with cardiovascular fitness, highlighting the advances made thus far, the applicability of analysis tools, and the confounding factors observed frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Celso Dutra Souza
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stella Vieira Philbois
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarine Veiga
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Augusto Aguilar
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Dastah S, Tofighi A, Bonab SB. The effect of aerobic exercise on the expression of mir-126 and related target genes in the endothelial tissue of the cardiac muscle of diabetic rats. Microvasc Res 2021; 138:104212. [PMID: 34175330 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on the expression of mir-126 and some angiogenesis factors in the endothelial tissue of the cardiac muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS Sixteen male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: diabetic control and diabetic training. Nicotinamide and streptozotocin injections were used to induce type 2 diabetes. After familiarization, the training group participated in an 8-week exercise protocol on a treadmill with an intensity of 25 m per minute, a slope of 5% and 30 min per session. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of mir-126 and PI3K genes. Expression of raf1, VEGF, blood glucose and insulin was determined by ELISA and insulin resistance was assessed by HOMA-IR homeostasis model. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the capillary density of the cardiac muscle. Data were analyzed by t-test for independent groups with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS Diabetes reduces angiogenesis in cardiac tissue, which is associated with a significant reduction in the expression of mir-126, raf1, VEGF and PI3K; while aerobic exercise increased the expression of mir-126, raf1, PI3K, VEGF. Exercise also decreased blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION It seems that aerobic exercise can prevent the destructive effects of diabetes by activating the angiogenic pathway of cardiac tissue. Therefore, regulatory processes through mir-126, which are influenced by aerobic exercise, can be a valuable strategy in developing new treatments for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Dastah
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Asghar Tofighi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Solmaz Babaei Bonab
- Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
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12
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Elia A, Cannavo A, Gambino G, Cimini M, Ferrara N, Kishore R, Paolocci N, Rengo G. Aging is associated with cardiac autonomic nerve fiber depletion and reduced cardiac and circulating BDNF levels. J Geriatr Cardiol 2021; 18:549-559. [PMID: 34404991 PMCID: PMC8352776 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a multifactorial process associated with an impairment of autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. Progressive ANS remodeling includes upregulation of expression of circulating catecholamines and depletion of cardiac autonomic nerve fibers, and it is responsible, in part, for the increased susceptibility to cardiac diseases observed in elderly subjects. Neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), are involved in synaptogenesis and neurite outgrowth processes, supporting neuronal cell differentiation and maturation. However, whether and how these factors and their downstream signaling are involved in cardiac aging remains unclear. Here, we tested whether, in the aged heart, the overall extent of autonomic fibers is reduced, owing to lower production of trophic factors such as BDNF and NGF. METHODS In vivo, we used young (age: 3 months; n = 10) and old (age: 24 months; n = 11) male Fisher rats, whereas, we used human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells in vitro. RESULTS Compared to the young rats, old rats displayed a marked reduction in the overall ANS fiber density, affecting both sympathetic and cholinergic compartments, as indicated by dopamine β-hydroxylase (dβh) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VaChT) immunohistochemical staining. In addition, a marked downregulation of GAP-43 and BDNF protein was observed in the left ventricular lysates of old rats compared to those of young rats. Interestingly, we did not find any significant difference in cardiac NGF levels between the young and old groups. To further explore the impact of aging on ANS fibers, we treated SH-SY5Y cells in vitro with serum obtained from young and old rats. Sera from both groups induced a remarkable increase in neuronal sprouting, as evidenced by a crystal violet assay. However, this effect was blunted in cells cultured with old rat serum and was accompanied by a marked reduction in GAP-43 and BDNF protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that physiological aging is associated with an impairment of ANS structure and function and that reduced BDNF levels are responsible, at least in part, for these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Elia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS-Maugeri, Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples Italy
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples Italy
| | - Maria Cimini
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS-Maugeri, Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS-Maugeri, Telese Terme (BN), Italy
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13
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Wang Y, Chien CW, Xu Y, Tung TH. Effect of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Left Ventricular Function in Asian Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9060774. [PMID: 34205597 PMCID: PMC8234138 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are important but poorly understood. (2) Purpose: To evaluate the effects of an exercise-based CR program (exercise training alone or combined with psychosocial or educational interventions) compared with usual care on left ventricular function in patients with AMI receiving PCI. (3) Data sources, study selection and data extraction: We searched PubMed, WEB OF SCIENCE, EMBASE, EBSCO, PsycINFO, LILACS and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases (CENTRAL) up to 12th June 2021. Article selected were randomized controlled trials and published as a full-text article. Meta-analysis was conducted with the use of the software Review manager 5.4. (4) Data synthesis: Eight trials were included in the meta-analysis, of which three trials were rated as high risk of bias. A significant improvement was seen in the exercise-based CR group compared with the control group regarding left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (std. mean difference = 1.33; 95% CI:0.43 to 2.23; p = 0.004), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) (std. mean difference = −3.05; 95% CI: −6.00 to −0.09; p = 0.04) and left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) (std. mean difference = −0.40; 95% CI: −0.80 to −0.01; p = 0.04). Although exercise-based CR had no statistical effect in decreasing left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), it showed a favorable trend in relation to both. (5) Conclusions: Exercise-based CR has beneficial effects on LV function and remodeling in AMI patients treated by PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Wang
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsing Hua University, Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.W.); (C.-W.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Ching-Wen Chien
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsing Hua University, Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.W.); (C.-W.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsing Hua University, Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.W.); (C.-W.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-668-012-79
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14
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Howlett LA, Lancaster MK. Reduced cardiac response to the adrenergic system is a key limiting factor for physical capacity in old age. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111339. [PMID: 33838216 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with a progressive reduction in physical capacity reducing quality of life. One key physiological limitation of physical capacity that deteriorates in a progressive age-dependent manner is cardiac reserve. Peak cardiac output falls progressively with advancing age such that in extreme old age there is limited ability to enhance cardiac output beyond basal function as is required to support the increased metabolic needs of physical activity. This loss of dynamic range in cardiac output associates with a progressive reduction in the heart's response to adrenergic stimulation. A combination of decreases in the expression and functioning of beta1 adrenergic receptors partially underlies this change. Changes in end effector proteins also have a role to play in this decline. Alterations in the efficiency of excitation-contraction coupling contribute to the reduced chronotropic, inotropic and lusitropic responses of the aged heart. Moderate to vigorous endurance exercise training however has some potential to counter elements of these changes. Further studies are required to fully elucidate the key pivotal mechanisms involved in the age-related loss of response to adrenergic signalling to allow targeted therapeutic strategies to be developed with the aim of preserving physical capacity in advanced old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Howlett
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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15
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Najafipour H, Rostamzadeh F, Yeganeh-Hajahmadi M, Joukar S. Improvement of Cardiac Function in Rats With Myocardial Infarction by Low-Intensity to Moderate-Intensity Endurance Exercise Is Associated With Normalization of Klotho and SIRT1. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:79-86. [PMID: 33079829 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Exercise training (Ex) has beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases by increasing Klotho and SIRT1. This study aimed to investigate whether the beneficial impact of Ex on myocardial infarction (MI) is mediated through Klotho and SIRT1. Fifty-six Wistar rats were divided into 4 main groups of Sham, MI, Ex, and MI + Ex. MI was induced by the closure of the left anterior descending. Animals were trained by endurance exercise for 4 weeks. In the end, hemodynamic and heart contractility indices were assessed. The levels of Klotho and SIRT1 in the serum and heart were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot, respectively. The ADAM17 level in the heart and kidneys was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The infarct size and fibrosis area were assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Masson trichrome staining, respectively. Ex recovered the reduction of dp/dt max and dp/dt min and decreased myocardial infarct size and fibrotic area in the MI group. Ex normalized the increase in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure, and left ventricular end diastolic pressure in the MI group. Ex also normalized the reduction of the levels of Klotho and SIRT1 in serum and heart in the MI group. The changes of Klotho and SIRT1 in serum were positively correlated. Ex also restored ADAM17 levels in the MI group. Ex improved cardiac function in the MI group and is associated with reduction of the infarct size and normalization of Klotho and SIRT1 levels. Regarding unidirectional changes in Klotho and SIRT1, these proteins may play a role in beneficial effects of Ex on MI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Najafipour
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rostamzadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Yeganeh-Hajahmadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; and
| | - Siyavash Joukar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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16
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Nigro E, Polito R, Alfieri A, Mancini A, Imperlini E, Elce A, Krustrup P, Orrù S, Buono P, Daniele A. Molecular mechanisms involved in the positive effects of physical activity on coping with COVID-19. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020. [PMID: 32885275 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04484-5.pmid:32885275;pmcid:pmc7471545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity (PA) represents the first line of defence against diseases characterised by increased inflammation status, such as metabolic and infectious diseases. Conversely, a sedentary lifestyle-associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders-negatively impacts on general health status, including susceptibility to infections. At a time of a pandemic SARS-CoV2 infection, and in the context of the multiorgan crosstalk (widely accepted as a mechanism participating in the pathophysiology of all organs and systems), we examine the complex interplay mediated by skeletal muscle contraction involving the immune system and how this contributes to control health status and to counteract viral infections. In so doing, we review the molecular mechanisms and expression of molecules modulated by PA, able to provide the proper molecular equipment against viral infections such as the current SARS-CoV2. METHODS A critical review of the literature was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and mediators induced by PA that potentially impact on viral infections such as SARS-CoV2. RESULTS We showed the effects mediated by regular moderate PA on viral adverse effects through the regulation of biological processes involving the crosstalk between skeletal muscle, the immune system and adipose tissue. Evidence was provided of the effects mediated by modulation of the expression of inflammation markers. CONCLUSION A tigth association between PA and reduction in inflammation status allows effective counteracting of SARS-CoV2 infection. It is therefore essential to persuade people to keep active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via A. Vivaldi, 81100, Caserta, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via A. Vivaldi, 81100, Caserta, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Andreina Alfieri
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere (DISMeB), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Via F. Acton, 38, 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Mancini
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere (DISMeB), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Via F. Acton, 38, 80133, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Ausilia Elce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Naples, Italy
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Shanghai University of Sport (SUS), Shanghai, China
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Stefania Orrù
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere (DISMeB), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Via F. Acton, 38, 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Buono
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere (DISMeB), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Via F. Acton, 38, 80133, Naples, Italy.
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via A. Vivaldi, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
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17
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Ghiasi R, Alihemmati A, Naderi R. The impacts of garlic and voluntary training alone or together on myocardial miR-126 and miR-210 gene expressions and angiogenesis in healthy rats. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2020; 12:195-202. [PMID: 33123325 PMCID: PMC7581846 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2020.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: microRNAs (miRs) play a critical role in both physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have shown that garlic and exercise training have many beneficial effects in different disorders including cardiovascular disease. However, their mechanisms have not been fully understood. This study sought to investigate the impact of garlic and voluntary training alone or together on themiR-126 and miR-210 gene expressions and cardiac angiogenesis. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=7): (1) Control, (2) Garlic, (3) Exercise, and (4) Garlic+ Exercise. Animals were gavaged with raw fresh garlic homogenate (250 mg/kg body weight/day) or were subjected to voluntary training alone or together for about 6 weeks. The expressions of miR-126 and miR-210 in the heart tissue were measured by real-time PCR and lipid profile in serum was assessed by enzymatic kits. Angiogenesis was determined by immuno staining detection of PECAM-1 and CD31 in the heart tissue. Results: Garlic and exercise up-regulated myocardial miR-126 (P < 0.01), miR-210 (P < 0.001)expressions, and angiogenesis (P < 0.001) which was evidenced by higher CD31 expression. Besides, combination of garlic and exercise amplified their effects on those parameters (P < 0.001). Moreover, both voluntary exercise and garlic alone (P < 0.01) or together (P < 0.001) markedly modulated serum lipid profile. Conclusion: Voluntary exercise and garlic treatment for 6 weeks enhanced myocardial angiogenesis. These alterations were partly due to the increment of miR-126 and miR-210 expressions in the heart tissue in relation to improvement in lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafighe Ghiasi
- Drug Applied Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Alihemmati
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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18
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Molecular mechanisms involved in the positive effects of physical activity on coping with COVID-19. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2569-2582. [PMID: 32885275 PMCID: PMC7471545 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity (PA) represents the first line of defence against diseases characterised by increased inflammation status, such as metabolic and infectious diseases. Conversely, a sedentary lifestyle-associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders-negatively impacts on general health status, including susceptibility to infections. At a time of a pandemic SARS-CoV2 infection, and in the context of the multiorgan crosstalk (widely accepted as a mechanism participating in the pathophysiology of all organs and systems), we examine the complex interplay mediated by skeletal muscle contraction involving the immune system and how this contributes to control health status and to counteract viral infections. In so doing, we review the molecular mechanisms and expression of molecules modulated by PA, able to provide the proper molecular equipment against viral infections such as the current SARS-CoV2. METHODS A critical review of the literature was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and mediators induced by PA that potentially impact on viral infections such as SARS-CoV2. RESULTS We showed the effects mediated by regular moderate PA on viral adverse effects through the regulation of biological processes involving the crosstalk between skeletal muscle, the immune system and adipose tissue. Evidence was provided of the effects mediated by modulation of the expression of inflammation markers. CONCLUSION A tigth association between PA and reduction in inflammation status allows effective counteracting of SARS-CoV2 infection. It is therefore essential to persuade people to keep active.
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19
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Effect of high-intensity interval training on cardiac structure and function in rats with acute myocardial infarct. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110690. [PMID: 32890969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training is beneficial for cardiac rehabilitation. Nevertheless, few study focused on the role of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in cardiac repair. The current study aimed to elucidate the effect of HIIT on cardiac rehabilitation and the involved mechanisms after acute myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS A total of 65 male rats underwent coronary ligation or sham operation and were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham (n = 10), sedentary (MI-Sed, n = 12), moderate-intensity continuous training (MI-MCT, n = 12) and HIIT (MI-HIIT, n = 12). One week after MI induction, adaptive training starts follow by formal training. After the experiment, cardiac functions were determined by echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements. Changes in infarct size, collagen accumulation, myofibroblasts, angiogenesis, inflammation level, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activities were measured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS After MI, cardiac structure and function were significantly deteriorated. However, post-MI HIIT for 8 weeks had significantly ameliorated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), LV systolic pressure (LVSP), and maximum peak velocities of relaxation (-dP/dtmax). Moreover, it preserved cardiac functions, reduced infarct size, protected the myocardium structure, increased angiogenesis and decreased the myofibroblasts and collagen accumulation. HIIT for 4 weeks had no effect on LVEDP, -dP/dtmax, infarct size and angiogenesis. Additionally, it induced inflammation response and repressed ET-1 and RAAS activities were found in myocardium and peripheral circulation after HIIT. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that post-MI HIIT had a positive role in cardiac repair, which might be linked with the induction of inflammation and inhibition of ET-1 and RAAS activities.
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20
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Zhao S, Fan S, Shi Y, Ren H, Hong H, Gao X, Zhang M, Qin Q, Li H. Propranolol induced apoptosis and autophagy via the ROS/JNK signaling pathway in Human Ovarian Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:5900-5910. [PMID: 32922532 PMCID: PMC7477428 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Propranolol has a significant anti-cancer effect towards various cancers. Our study aimed at investigating the underlying mechanism of Propranolol's therapeutic effect towards ovarian cancer. Specifically, Propranolol significantly reduced the viability of human ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV-3 and A2780 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that Propranolol induced the cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase therefore leading to apoptosis. Moreover, autophagy inhibitor 3-MA markedly enhanced the Propranolol-induced apoptosis. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased dramatically after Propranolol treatment and Propranolol activated the phosphorylation of JNK. What is more, p38 inhibitor SB203580 and JNK inhibitor SP600125 attenuated the upregulated expression of LC3-II and cleaved-caspase-3 by the effect of Propranolol. ROS exclusive inhibitor antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) weakens the phosphorylation of JNK proteins induced by Propranolol. In summary, these results suggested that Propranolol induced cell apoptosis and protective autophagy through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway in human ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, 450000, P.R.China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suzhen Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, 450000, P.R.China
| | - Yanyu Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, 450000, P.R.China
| | - Hongyan Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, 450000, P.R.China
| | - Hanqing Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, 450000, P.R.China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, 450000, P.R.China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, 450000, P.R.China
| | - Qiaohong Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, 450000, P.R.China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, 450000, P.R.China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
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21
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Wang X, Fitts RH. Cardiomyocyte slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium channel: regulation by exercise and β-adrenergic signaling. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1177-1185. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00802.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Results demonstrate that exercise training (TRN) downregulates ventricular IKs channel current and the channel’s responsiveness to β-agonist factors mediated by TRN-induced decline in channel subunits KCNQ1 and KCNE1 and the A-kinase anchoring protein yotiao. The reduced IKs current helps explain the TRN-induced prolongation of the action potential in basal conditions and, coupled with previously reported upregulation of the KATP channel, results in a more efficient heart that is better able to respond to beat-by-beat changes in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Robert H. Fitts
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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22
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Shi X, Luo X, Xu X. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 contributes to exercise-induced cardiac angiogenesis in mice. Biosci Trends 2020; 14:115-122. [DOI: 10.5582/bst.2019.01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Shi
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Luo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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23
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Susca MG, Hodas R, Benedek T, Benedek I, Chitu M, Opincariu D, Chiotoroiu A, Rezus C. Impact of cardiac rehabilitation programs on left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction: Study Protocol Clinical Trial (SPIRIT Compliant). Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19759. [PMID: 32311978 PMCID: PMC7220465 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the role of early mobilization in the immediate postinfarction period has been well demonstrated, little is known in present about the link between early mobilization and reduction of systemic inflammation. At the same time, the impact of early mobilization on regression of left ventricular remodeling has not been elucidated so far. MATERIAL AND METHODS Here we present the study protocol of the REHAB trial, a clinical descriptive, prospective study, conducted in a single-center, with the purpose to analyze the impact of early mobilization in reducing left ventricular remodeling, the complication rates and mortality in patients who had suffered a recent acute myocardial infarction (AMI). At the same time, the study aims to demonstrate the contribution of early mobilization to reduction of systemic inflammation, thus reducing the inflammation-mediated ventricular remodeling. 100 patients with AMI in the last 12 hours, and successful revascularization of the culprit artery within the first 12 hours after the onset of symptoms in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction or within first 48 hours in non ST-segment elevation AMI will be enrolled in the study. Based on the moment of mobilization after AMI patients will be distributed in 2 groups: group 1 - patients with early mobilization (<2 days after the onset of symptoms) and; group 2 - subjects with delayed mobilization after AMI (>2 days after the onset of symptoms). Study outcomes will consist in the impact of early mobilization after AMI on the ventricular remodeling in the post-infarction period, as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, the rate of in-hospital mortality, the rate of repeated revascularization or MACE and the effect of early mobilization on systemic inflammation in the immediate postinfarction phase. CONCLUSION In conclusion, REHAB will be the first trial that will elucidate the impact of early mobilization in the first period after AMI, as a first step of a complex cardiac rehabilitation program, to reduce systemic inflammation and prevent deleterious ventricular remodeling in patients who suffered a recent AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theodora Benedek
- Clinic of Cardiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures
- Department of Advanced Research in Multimodality Cardiovascular Imaging, Cardio Med Medical Center, Targu Mures
| | - Imre Benedek
- Clinic of Cardiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures
| | - Monica Chitu
- Clinic of Cardiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures
| | - Diana Opincariu
- Clinic of Cardiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures
- Department of Advanced Research in Multimodality Cardiovascular Imaging, Cardio Med Medical Center, Targu Mures
| | - Andreea Chiotoroiu
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures
| | - Ciprian Rezus
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Gr.T.Popa’, Iasi, Romania
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Cheng CK, Luo J, Lau CW, Chen Z, Tian XY, Huang Y. Pharmacological basis and new insights of resveratrol action in the cardiovascular system. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1258-1277. [PMID: 31347157 PMCID: PMC7056472 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) belongs to the family of natural phytoalexins. Resveratrol first came to our attention in 1992, following reports of the cardioprotective effects of red wine. Thereafter, resveratrol was shown to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and angio-regulatory effects against atherosclerosis, ischaemia, and cardiomyopathy. This article critically reviews the current findings on the molecular basis of resveratrol-mediated cardiovascular benefits, summarizing the broad effects of resveratrol on longevity regulation, energy metabolism, stress resistance, exercise mimetics, circadian clock, and microbiota composition. In addition, this article also provides an update, both preclinically and clinically, on resveratrol-induced cardiovascular protection and discusses the adverse and inconsistent effects of resveratrol reported in both preclinical and clinical studies. Although resveratrol has been claimed as a master anti-aging agent against several age-associated diseases, further detailed mechanistic investigation is still required to thoroughly unravel the therapeutic value of resveratrol against cardiovascular diseases at different stages of disease development. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Kwong Cheng
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Jiang‐Yun Luo
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Zhen‐Yu Chen
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Yu Huang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
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Marschner RA, Banda P, Wajner SM, Markoski MM, Schaun M, Lehnen AM. Short-term exercise training improves cardiac function associated to a better antioxidant response and lower type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase activity after myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222334. [PMID: 31513640 PMCID: PMC6742396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We assessed the effects of a short-term exercise training on cardiac function, oxidative stress markers, and type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) activity in cardiac tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) following experimental myocardial infarction (MI). Methods Twenty-four SHR (aged 3 months) were allocated to 4 groups: sham+sedentary, sham+trained, MI+sedentary and MI+trained. MI was performed by permanent ligation of the coronary artery. Exercise training (treadmill) started 96 hours after MI and lasted for 4 weeks (~60% maximum effort, 4x/week and 40 min/day). Cardiac function (echocardiography), thioredoxin reductase (TRx), total carbonyl levels, among other oxidative stress markers and D3 activity were measured. A Generalized Estimating Equation was used, followed by Bonferroni’s test (p<0.05). Results MI resulted in an increase in left ventricular mass (p = 0.002) with decreased cardiac output (~22.0%, p = 0.047) and decreased ejection fraction (~41%, p = 0.008) as well as an increase in the carbonyl levels (p = 0.001) and D3 activity (~33%, p<0.001). Exercise training resulted in a decrease in left ventricular mass, restored cardiac output (~34%, p = 0.048) and ejection fraction (~20%, p = 0.040), increased TRx (~85%, p = 0.007) and reduced carbonyl levels (p<0.001) and D3 activity (p<0.001). Conclusions Our short-term exercise training helped reverse the effects of MI on cardiac function. These benefits seem to derive from a more efficient antioxidant response and lower D3 activity in cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Aguiar Marschner
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Thyroid Division, Endocrinology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre/Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Banda
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Thyroid Division, Endocrinology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre/Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Maximiliano Schaun
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Machado Lehnen
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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26
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Paula SM, Couto GK, Fontes MT, Costa SK, Negrão CE, Mill JG, Rossoni LV. Exercise training restores the myogenic response in skeletal muscle resistance arteries and corrects peripheral edema in rats with heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H87-H96. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00042.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of the myogenic response can affect capillary hydrostatic pressure and contribute to peripheral edema and exercise intolerance, which are markers of heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of exercise training (ET) on myogenic response in skeletal muscle resistance arteries and peripheral edema in HF rats, focusing on the potential signaling pathways involved in these adjustments. Male Wistar rats were submitted to either coronary artery occlusion or a sham-operated surgery. After 4 wk, an exercise test was performed, and the rats were divided into the following groups: untrained normal control (UNC) and untrained HF (UHF) and exercise- trained (on treadmill, 50–60% of maximal capacity) NC (TNC) and exercise-trained HF (THF). Caudal tibial artery (CTA) myogenic response was impaired in UHF compared with UNC, and ET restored this response in THF to NC levels and increased it in TNC. Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor abolished CTA myogenic response in the untrained and blunted it in exercise-trained groups. CTA-stored calcium (Ca2+) mobilization was higher in exercise-trained rats compared with untrained rats. The paw volume was higher in UHF rats, and ET decreased this response compared with UNC. Myogenic constriction was positively correlated with maximal running distance and negatively correlated with paw volume. The results demonstrate, for the first time, that HF impairs the myogenic response in skeletal muscle arteries, which contributes to peripheral edema in this syndrome. ET restores the myogenic response in skeletal muscle arteries improving Ca2+ sensitization and handling. Additionally, this paradigm also improves peripheral edema and exercise intolerance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The novel and main finding of the present study is that moderate intensity exercise training restores the impaired myogenic response of skeletal muscle resistance arteries, exercise intolerance and peripheral edema in rats with heart failure. These results also show for the first time to our knowledge that exercise training improving calcium sensitization through the ROCK pathway and enhancing intracellular calcium handling could contribute to restoration of flow autoregulation to skeletal muscle in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliana M. Paula
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele K. Couto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milene T. Fontes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soraia K. Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. Negrão
- Heart Institute, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José G. Mill
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Luciana V. Rossoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Alem MM. Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Heart Failure: Assessment, Findings, Significance, and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3198. [PMID: 31261886 PMCID: PMC6651535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex syndrome that results from structural and functional disturbances that affect the ability of the heart to supply oxygen to tissues. It largely affects and reduces the patient's quality of life, socio-economic status, and imposes great costs on health care systems worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a newly discovered phenomenon that contributes greatly to the pathophysiology of numerous cardiovascular conditions and commonly co-exists with chronic heart failure. However, the literature lacks clarity as to which heart failure patients might be affected, its significance in CHF patients, and its reversibility with pharmacological and non-pharmacological means. This review will emphasize all these points and summarize them for future researchers interested in vascular pathophysiology in this particular patient population. It will help to direct future studies for better characterization of these two phenomena for the potential discovery of therapeutic targets that might reduce future morbidity and mortality in this "at risk" population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M Alem
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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28
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Pinckard K, Baskin KK, Stanford KI. Effects of Exercise to Improve Cardiovascular Health. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:69. [PMID: 31214598 PMCID: PMC6557987 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease that affects whole body metabolism and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Physical exercise results in numerous health benefits and is an important tool to combat obesity and its co-morbidities, including cardiovascular disease. Exercise prevents both the onset and development of cardiovascular disease and is an important therapeutic tool to improve outcomes for patients with cardiovascular disease. Some benefits of exercise include enhanced mitochondrial function, restoration and improvement of vasculature, and the release of myokines from skeletal muscle that preserve or augment cardiovascular function. In this review we will discuss the mechanisms through which exercise promotes cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristin I. Stanford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Garza MA, Wason EA, Cruger JR, Chung E, Zhang JQ. Strength training attenuates post-infarct cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:523-530. [PMID: 30911900 PMCID: PMC10717786 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Post-myocardial infarction (MI) exercise has been employed to improve cardiac function. However, most studies have focused on endurance training (Et). Although Et has been reported to preserve cardiac function, evidence suggests that Et increases left ventricle (LV) interior dimensions as a result of albumin-induced plasma expansion. In contrast, strength training (St) induces concentric cardiac hypertrophy and improved cardiac function without causing ventricular dilation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of St on cardiac function and remodeling in rats with MI. MI was surgically induced in 7-week-old rats via ligation of the coronary artery. Survivors were assigned to two experimental groups, MI-Sed (No exercise; n = 9), MI-St (St; n = 10), with a Sham group (no MI, no St; n = 9). MI-St rats began training 1-week post-MI by climbing a ladder with weights for 10 weeks. Echocardiographic measurements were performed prior to, and following exercise training, while in vivo LV hemodynamic analysis was conducted at the end of the experimental period. Our data revealed that St induced shortening of the LV end-diastolic dimension in the MI-St group compared with the MI-Sed group (P < 0.05). The peak velocities of contraction (+ dP/dt max) and relaxation (- dP/dt max) were significantly greater in the MI-St group than the MI-Sed group (P < 0.05). These training effects contributed to the improved fractional shortening (%FS). Our results demonstrate that St may be beneficial for post-MI by attenuating LV dilation and concomitant cardiac dysfunction associated with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Garza
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Nutrition, University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Emily A Wason
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Nutrition, University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Justin R Cruger
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Nutrition, University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Eunhee Chung
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Nutrition, University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - John Q Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Nutrition, University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Nutrition, University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78240, USA.
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30
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Naderi R, Mohaddes G, Mohammadi M, Alihemmati A, Khamaneh A, Ghyasi R, Ghaznavi R. The Effect of Garlic and Voluntary Exercise on Cardiac Angiogenesis in Diabetes: The Role of MiR-126 and MiR-210. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 112:154-162. [PMID: 30570073 PMCID: PMC6371831 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, leading to endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis impairment . MiR-126 and miR-210 support angiogenic response in endothelial cells. OBJECTIVE The present study sought to explore the effect of garlic and voluntary exercise, alone or together, on miR-126 and miR-210 expressions and cardiac angiogenesis in rats with type 1 diabetes. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 7): Control, Diabetes, Diabetes+Garlic, Diabetes+Exercise, and Diabetes+Garlic+Exercise. Diabetes was induced in the animals by streptozotocin (ip, 50 mg/kg). The rats were then fed raw fresh garlic homogenate (250 mg/kg) or were subjected to voluntary exercise, or to combined garlic and voluntary exercise for 6 weeks. MiR-126 and miR-210 expressions in the myocardium were determined by real time PCR, and the serum lipid profile was measured by enzymatic kits. Angiogenesis was evaluated by immunostaining for PECAM-1/ CD31 in the myocardium. RESULTS Diabetes reduced both cardiac miR-126 expression and angiogenesis (p < 0.05). On the other hand, there was a miR-210 expression increase in the myocardium of diabetic animals (p < 0.001). However, those effects reversed either with garlic or voluntary exercise (p < 0.01). Moreover, treating diabetic rats with garlic and voluntary exercise combined had an additional effect on the expressions of miR-126 and miR-210 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, both voluntary exercise and garlic significantly improved serum lipid profiles (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The induction of diabetes decreased angiogenesis in the myocardium, whereas our treatment using long-term voluntary exercise and garlic improved myocardial angiogenesis. These changes were possibly owing to the enhancement of myocardial miR-126 and miR-210 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Naderi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center - Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia - Iran.,Department of Physiology, faculty of Medicine - Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia - Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neuroscience Research Centre of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz - Iran
| | - Mustafa Mohammadi
- Drug Applied Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz - Iran
| | - Alireza Alihemmati
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz - Iran
| | - Amirmahdi Khamaneh
- School of advanced medical sciences - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz - Iran
| | - Rafighe Ghyasi
- Drug Applied Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz - Iran
| | - Rana Ghaznavi
- Sports medicine research center, Neuroscience institute - Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran - Iran
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31
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Cai M, Wang Q, Liu Z, Jia D, Feng R, Tian Z. Effects of different types of exercise on skeletal muscle atrophy, antioxidant capacity and growth factors expression following myocardial infarction. Life Sci 2018; 213:40-49. [PMID: 30312703 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied with skeletal muscle abnormalities. The aims are to explore an optimal exercise mode to improve cardiac function and prevent skeletal muscle atrophy, and detect the possible mechanisms of exercise-induced inhibition of muscle atrophy. MAIN METHODS Rats were subjected to four weeks of different types of exercise after MI surgery (resistance training, RT; moderated-intensity continuous aerobic exercise, MCE and high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise, HIA). Cardiac function, histological changes of heart and skeletal muscle, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and the expression of muscle atrophy-related factors were detected in skeletal muscle. KEY FINDINGS The three types of exercise improved heart function, reduced cardiac fibrosis and increased muscle weight and cross-section area (CSA) of muscle fibers in different degrees. The survival rates of MI rats intervened by RT and MCE were higher than HIA. Exercise down-regulated the mRNA levels of murf1 and atrogin-1, decreased reactive oxygen species level, increased antioxidant capacity, regulated the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), mechano growth factor (MGF), Neuregulin1 (NRG1) and Myostatin (MSTN), and activated Akt and Erk1/2 signalings in soleus muscle. Furthermore, CSA of muscle fibers and the expression of IGF1, MGF, NRG1 in skeletal muscle had correlations with cardiac function. SIGNIFICANCE RT and MCE are the first two choices for the early exercise rehabilitation following MI. All types of exercise can effectively inhibit skeletal muscle atrophy through increasing the antioxidant capacity, reducing oxidative stress and protein degradation, and regulating the growth factors expression in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Cai
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China
| | - Qing'an Wang
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China
| | - Dandan Jia
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China
| | - Rui Feng
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China.
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Yamamoto K, Kurata Y, Inoue Y, Adachi M, Tsuneto M, Miake J, Ogino K, Ninomiya H, Yoshida A, Shirayoshi Y, Suyama Y, Yagi S, Nishimura M, Yamamoto K, Hisatome I. Pretreatment with an angiotensin II receptor blocker abolished ameliorating actions of adipose-derived stem cell sheets on cardiac dysfunction and remodeling after myocardial infarction. Regen Ther 2018; 9:79-88. [PMID: 30525078 PMCID: PMC6223028 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cell sheets using myoblasts have been developed for the treatment of heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI) bridging to heart transplantation. Stem cells are supposed to be better than myoblasts as a source of cells, since they possess a potential to proliferate and differentiate into cardiomyocytes, and also have capacity to secrete angiogenic factors. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) obtained from fat tissues are expected to be a new cell source for ASC sheet therapies. Administration of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) is a standard therapy for heart failure after MI. However, it is not known whether ARBs affect the cell sheet therapy. This study aimed to examine ameliorating effects of ASC sheets on heart failure and remodeling after MI, and how pretreatment with ARBs prior to the creation of MI and ASC sheet transplantation modifies the effects of ASC sheets. Methods ASCs were isolated from fat tissues of wild-type rats, and ASC sheets were engineered on temperature-responsive dishes. In in vitro studies using cultured cells, mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ASCs were determined by RT-PCR in the presence of angiotensin II and/or an ARB, irbesartan, under normoxia and hypoxia; mRNA and protein levels of angiotensin II receptor type 1a (AT1aR), type 1b (AT1bR) and type 2 (AT2R) were also determined by RT-PCR and western blotting. In in vivo studies using a rat MI model, effects of transplanted ASC sheets and/or irbesartan on cardiac functions and remodeling after MI were evaluated by echocardiography, histological analysis and molecular biological techniques. Results In the in vitro studies, ASCs expressed higher levels of VEGF mRNA under hypoxia. They also expressed mRNA and protein of AT1aR but not AT1bR or AT2R. Under normoxia, angiotensin II increased the level of VEGF mRNA in ASCs, which was abolished by irbesartan. Under hypoxia, irbesartan reduced the level of VEGF mRNA in ASCs regardless of whether angiotensin II was present or not. In the in vivo studies, ASC sheets improved cardiac functions after MI, leading to decreased interstitial fibrosis and increased capillary density in border zones. These effects of ASC sheets were abolished by oral administration of irbesartan before MI and their transplantation. Conclusions ASC sheets ameliorated cardiac dysfunctions and remodeling after MI via increasing VEGF expression, which was abolished by pretreatment with irbesartan before the creation of MI and transplantation.
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Key Words
- ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide
- ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker
- ASC, adipose-derived stem cell
- AT1(2)R, angiotensin II receptor type 1(2)
- Adipose-derived stem cell sheet
- Angiotensin II
- CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy
- EF, ejection fraction
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FS, fractional shortening
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- Irbesartan
- LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter
- LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cell
- Myocardial infarction
- RAS, renin–angiotensin system
- VEGF
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- vWF, von Willebrand factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshiro Yamamoto
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yumiko Inoue
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Maya Adachi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Motokazu Tsuneto
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Junichiro Miake
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ogino
- Department of Cardiology, Tottori Red Cross Hospital, Tottori, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Akio Yoshida
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Suyama
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Shunjiro Yagi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Motonobu Nishimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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Wang BL, Jin H, Han XQ, Xia Y, Liu NF. Involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in exercise‑induced cardioprotection of post-myocardial infarction rats. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2867-2880. [PMID: 30226568 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise induces a number of benefits, including angiogenesis in post‑myocardial infarction (MI); however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Neurotrophic brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serves a protective role in certain adult cardiac diseases through its specific receptor, BDNF/NT‑3 growth factors receptor (TrkB). The present study explored the mechanisms by which exercise improves cardiac function, with a focus on the involvement of the BDNF/TrkB axis. MI rats were assigned to Sham, sedentary, exercise, exercise with K252a (a TrkB inhibitor), and exercise with NG‑nitro‑L‑arginine methyl ester (L‑NAME) groups. The exercise group was subjected to 8 weeks of treadmill running. The results demonstrated that the rats in the exercise group exhibited increased myocardial angiogenesis and improved cardiac function, which was attenuated by K252a. Exercise induced activation of the BDNF/TrkB axis in the ischaemic myocardium and increased serum BDNF levels were abated by exposure to L‑NAME. Improvements in angiogenesis and left ventricular function exhibited a positive association, with changes in serum BDNF. In the in vitro experiments, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to shear stress (SS) of 12 dyn/cm2 to mimic the effects of exercise training on vascular tissue. An increased tube‑forming capacity, and a nitric oxide (NO)‑dependent prolonged activation of the BDNF/TrkB‑full‑length axis over 12 h, but not the TrkB‑truncated axis, was observed. The SS‑related angiogenic response was attenuated by TrkB inhibition. Overall, these results demonstrate that exercise confers certain aspects of its cardioprotective effects through the activation of the BDNF/TrkB axis in an NO‑dependent manner, a process in which fluid‑induced SS may serve a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Lei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department and Institute of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Qiong Han
- Department and Institute of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Nai-Feng Liu
- Department and Institute of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has become increasingly common within the elderly population, decreasing their survival and overall quality of life. In fact, despite the improvements in treatment, many elderly people suffer from cardiac dysfunction (HF, valvular diseases, arrhythmias or hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy) that are much more common in an older fragile heart. Since β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling is abnormal in failing as well as aged hearts, this pathway is an effective diagnostic and therapeutic target. Both HF and aging are characterized by activation/hyperactivity of various neurohormonal pathways, the most important of which is the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). SNS hyperactivity is initially a compensatory mechanism to stimulate contractility and maintain cardiac output. Unfortunately, this chronic stimulation becomes detrimental and causes decreased cardiac function as well as reduced inotropic reserve due to a decrease in cardiac β-ARs responsiveness. Therapies which (e.g., β-blockers and physical activity) restore β-ARs responsiveness can ameliorate cardiac performance and outcomes during HF, particularly in older patients. In this review, we will discuss physiological β-adrenergic signaling and its alterations in both HF and aging as well as the potential clinical application of targeting β-adrenergic signaling in these disease processes.
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de Lucia C, Eguchi A, Koch WJ. New Insights in Cardiac β-Adrenergic Signaling During Heart Failure and Aging. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:904. [PMID: 30147654 PMCID: PMC6095970 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has become increasingly common within the elderly population, decreasing their survival and overall quality of life. In fact, despite the improvements in treatment, many elderly people suffer from cardiac dysfunction (HF, valvular diseases, arrhythmias or hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy) that are much more common in an older fragile heart. Since β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling is abnormal in failing as well as aged hearts, this pathway is an effective diagnostic and therapeutic target. Both HF and aging are characterized by activation/hyperactivity of various neurohormonal pathways, the most important of which is the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). SNS hyperactivity is initially a compensatory mechanism to stimulate contractility and maintain cardiac output. Unfortunately, this chronic stimulation becomes detrimental and causes decreased cardiac function as well as reduced inotropic reserve due to a decrease in cardiac β-ARs responsiveness. Therapies which (e.g., β-blockers and physical activity) restore β-ARs responsiveness can ameliorate cardiac performance and outcomes during HF, particularly in older patients. In this review, we will discuss physiological β-adrenergic signaling and its alterations in both HF and aging as well as the potential clinical application of targeting β-adrenergic signaling in these disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Walter J. Koch
- Department of Pharmacology – Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Liu X, Platt C, Rosenzweig A. The Role of MicroRNAs in the Cardiac Response to Exercise. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a029850. [PMID: 28389519 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as central regulators of cardiac biology, modulating cardiac development and the response to pathological stress in disease. Although less well developed, emerging evidence suggests miRNAs are likely also important in the heart's response to the physiological stress of exercise. Given the well-recognized cardiovascular benefits of exercise, elucidating the contribution of miRNAs to this response has the potential not only to reveal novel aspects of cardiovascular biology but also to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention that may complement those discovered through studies of diseased hearts. Here, we first provide an overview of the cardiovascular effects of exercise as well as some of the major protein signaling mechanisms contributing to these effects. We then review the evidence that both cardiac and circulating miRNAs are dynamically regulated by exercise and regulate these mechanisms and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Colin Platt
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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The anti-ageing molecule sirt1 mediates beneficial effects of cardiac rehabilitation. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2017; 14:7. [PMID: 28331525 PMCID: PMC5353800 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-017-0088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background An exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Programme (CRP) is established as adjuvant therapy in heart failure (HF), nevertheless it is underutilized, especially in the elderly. While the functional and hemodynamic effects of CRP are well known, its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully clarified. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of a well-structured 4-week CRP in patients with stable HF from a molecular point of view. Results A prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted on patients consecutively admitted to cardiac rehabilitation. In fifty elderly HF patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), levels of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and of its targets, the antioxidants catalase (Cat) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were measured before (Patients, P) and at the end of the CRP (Rehabilitated Patients, RP), showing a rise of their activities after rehabilitation. Endothelial cells (ECs) were conditioned with serum from P and RP, and oxidative stress was induced using hydrogen peroxide. An increase of Sirt1 and Cat activity was detected in RP-conditioned ECs in both the absence and presence of oxidative stress, together with a decrease of senescence, an effect not observed during Sirt1 and Cat inhibition. Conclusions In addition to the improvement in functional and hemodynamic parameters, a supervised exercise-based CRP increases Sirt1 activity and stimulates a systemic antioxidant defence in elderly HFpEF patients. Moreover, CRP produces antioxidant and anti-senescent effects in human endothelial cells mediated, at least in part, by Sirt1 and its target Cat.
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Ichige MHA, Pereira MG, Brum PC, Michelini LC. Experimental Evidences Supporting the Benefits of Exercise Training in Heart Failure. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 999:181-206. [PMID: 29022264 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heart Failure (HF), a common end point for many cardiovascular diseases, is a syndrome with a very poor prognosis. Although clinical trials in HF have achieved important outcomes in reducing mortality, little is known about functional mechanisms conditioning health improvement in HF patients. In parallel with clinical studies, basic science has been providing important discoveries to understand the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of HF, as well as to identify potential targets for the treatment of this syndrome. In spite of being the end-point of cardiovascular derangements caused by different etiologies, autonomic dysfunction, sympathetic hyperactivity, oxidative stress, inflammation and hormonal activation are common factors involved in the progression of this syndrome. Together these causal factors create a closed link between three important organs: brain, heart and the skeletal muscle. In the past few years, we and other groups have studied the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise training as a safe therapy to avoid the progression of HF. As summarized in this chapter, exercise training, a non-pharmacological tool without side effects, corrects most of the HF-induced neurohormonal and local dysfunctions within the brain, heart and skeletal muscles. These adaptive responses reverse oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, ameliorate neurohormonal control and improve both cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function, thus increasing the quality of life and reducing patients' morbimortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo H A Ichige
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G Pereira
- Department of Biodynamics of Human Body Movement, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C Brum
- Department of Biodynamics of Human Body Movement, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. .,National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq - Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Lisete C Michelini
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq - Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Chodari L, Mohammadi M, Mohaddes G, Alipour MR, Ghorbanzade V, Dariushnejad H, Mohammadi S. Testosterone and Voluntary Exercise, Alone or Together Increase Cardiac Activation of AKT and ERK1/2 in Diabetic Rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2016; 107:532-541. [PMID: 28558078 PMCID: PMC5210457 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20160174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired angiogenesis in cardiac tissue is a major complication of diabetes.
Protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)
signaling pathways play important role during capillary-like network
formation in angiogenesis process. Objectives To determine the effects of testosterone and voluntary exercise on levels of
vascularity, phosphorylated Akt (P- AKT) and phosphorylated ERK (P-ERK) in
heart tissue of diabetic and castrated diabetic rats. Methods Type I diabetes was induced by i.p injection of 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin in
animals. After 42 days of treatment with testosterone (2mg/kg/day) or
voluntary exercise alone or in combination, heart tissue samples were
collected and used for histological evaluation and determination of P-AKT
and P-ERK levels by ELISA method. Results Our results showed that either testosterone or exercise increased
capillarity, P-AKT, and P-ERK levels in the heart of diabetic rats.
Treatment of diabetic rats with testosterone and exercise had a synergistic
effect on capillarity, P-AKT, and P-ERK levels in heart. Furthermore, in the
castrated diabetes group, capillarity, P-AKT, and P-ERK levels significantly
decreased in the heart, whereas either testosterone treatment or exercise
training reversed these effects. Also, simultaneous treatment of castrated
diabetic rats with testosterone and exercise had an additive effect on P-AKT
and P-ERK levels. Conclusion Our findings suggest that testosterone and exercise alone or together can
increase angiogenesis in the heart of diabetic and castrated diabetic rats.
The proangiogenesis effects of testosterone and exercise are associated with
the enhanced activation of AKT and ERK1/2 in heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Chodari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mustafa Mohammadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Vajiheh Ghorbanzade
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Dariushnejad
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shima Mohammadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Neves CH, Aguiar AF, Aguiar DH, Leopoldo AS, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Voltarelli FA, Lourenço FJ, Sugizaki MM. DIGOXINA E VERAPAMIL INDUZEM HIPERTROFIA EM CARDIOMIÓCITOS DE RATOS SEDENTÁRIOS E/OU TREINADOS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220162205152114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Introdução: Cardiotônicos e bloqueadores de canais de cálcio são fármacos que alteram o Ca2+ intracelular e afetam o coração. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da administração de verapamil e digoxina sobre a morfologia cardíaca de ratos submetidos ao treinamento intervalado (TAI). Métodos: Ratos Wistar machos divididos em seis grupos (N = 8): Controle, Digoxina (30,0 µg.kg-1/dia), Verapamil (5,0 mg.kg-1/dia), Treinado, Treinado+digoxina e Treinado+verapamil. O TAI foi realizado em esteira rolante (60 min/dia/60 dias) concomitantemente com a administração dos fármacos. Fragmentos do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) foram coletados para análise histológica. Resultados: A digoxina e o verapamil aumentaram a área total do VE (p < 0,002), capilares/área VE (p < 0,01) e área de cardiomiócitos (p < 2,8e-10), sendo que, nesta última variável, o verapamil promoveu efeito ainda maior que a digoxina. O TAI aumentou VE/PC (p < 4e-05), o diâmetro interno do VE (p < 2,7e-6), a área de cardiomiócitos (p < 1,8e-6) e reduziu o [Lac] (p < 2,6e-5). Houve interação entre TAI e fármacos na área total (p < 9,8e-5), capilares (p < 0,04), células/área (p < 0,004) e área de cardiomiócitos (p < 2e-16). Conclusão: A digoxina promoveu hipertrofia de cardiomiócitos e, quando associada ao TAI, potencializou a hipertrofia. O verapamil foi mais eficiente em aumentar a área de cardiomiócitos em comparação com a digoxina, porém somente de forma isolada.
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Ranjbar K, Rahmani-Nia F, Shahabpour E. Aerobic training and l-arginine supplementation promotes rat heart and hindleg muscles arteriogenesis after myocardial infarction. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:393-404. [PMID: 27121159 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Arteriogenesis is a main defense mechanism to prevent heart and local tissues dysfunction in occlusive artery disease. TGF-β and angiostatin have a pivotal role in arteriogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that aerobic training and l-arginine supplementation promotes cardiac and skeletal muscles arteriogenesis after myocardial infarction (MI) parallel to upregulation of TGF-β and downregulation of angiostatin. For this purpose, 4 weeks after LAD occlusion, 50 male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into five groups: (1) sham surgery without MI (sham, n = 10), (2) control-MI (Con-MI, n = 10), (3) l-arginine-MI (La-MI, n = 10), (4) exercise training-MI (Ex-MI, n = 10), and (5) exercise and l-arginine-MI (Ex + La-MI). Exercise training groups running on a treadmill for 10 weeks with moderate intensity. Rats in the l-arginine-treated groups drank water containing 4 % l-arginine. Arteriolar density with different diameters (11-25, 26-50, 51-75, and 76-150 μm), TGF-β, and angiostatin gene expression were measured in cardiac (area at risk) and skeletal (soleus and gastrocnemius) muscles. Smaller arterioles decreased in cardiac after MI. Aerobic training and l-arginine increased the number of cardiac arterioles with 11-25 and 26-50 μm diameters parallel to TGF-β overexpression. In gastrocnemius muscle, the number of arterioles/mm(2) was only increased in the 11 to 25 μm in response to training with and without l-arginine parallel to angiostatin downregulation. Soleus arteriolar density with different size was not different between experimental groups. Results showed that 10 weeks aerobic exercise training and l-arginine supplementation promotes arteriogenesis of heart and gastrocnemius muscles parallel to overexpression of TGF-β and downregulation of angiostatin in MI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Ranjbar
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farhad Rahmani-Nia
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Elham Shahabpour
- Exercise Physiology Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Shiraz University, Fars, Iran
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Roof SR, Boslett J, Russell D, del Rio C, Alecusan J, Zweier JL, Ziolo MT, Hamlin R, Mohler PJ, Curran J. Insulin-like growth factor 1 prevents diastolic and systolic dysfunction associated with cardiomyopathy and preserves adrenergic sensitivity. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:421-34. [PMID: 26399932 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-dependent signalling promotes exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy. However, the in vivo therapeutic potential of IGF-1 for heart disease is not well established. Here, we test the potential therapeutic benefits of IGF-1 on cardiac function using an in vivo model of chronic catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy. METHODS Rats were perfused with isoproterenol via osmotic pump (1 mg kg(-1) per day) and treated with 2 mg kg(-1) IGF-1 (2 mg kg(-1) per day, 6 days a week) for 2 or 4 weeks. Echocardiography, ECG, and blood pressure were assessed. In vivo pressure-volume loop studies were conducted at 4 weeks. Heart sections were analysed for fibrosis and apoptosis, and relevant biochemical signalling cascades were assessed. RESULTS After 4 weeks, diastolic function (EDPVR, EDP, tau, E/A ratio), systolic function (PRSW, ESPVR, dP/dtmax) and structural remodelling (LV chamber diameter, wall thickness) were all adversely affected in isoproterenol-treated rats. All these detrimental effects were attenuated in rats treated with Iso+IGF-1. Isoproterenol-dependent effects on BP were attenuated by IGF-1 treatment. Adrenergic sensitivity was blunted in isoproterenol-treated rats but was preserved by IGF-1 treatment. Immunoblots indicate that cardioprotective p110α signalling and activated Akt are selectively upregulated in Iso+IGF-1-treated hearts. Expression of iNOS was significantly increased in both the Iso and Iso+IGF-1 groups; however, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) levels were decreased in the Iso group and maintained by IGF-1 treatment. CONCLUSION IGF-1 treatment attenuates diastolic and systolic dysfunction associated with chronic catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy while preserving adrenergic sensitivity and promoting BH4 production. These data support the potential use of IGF-1 therapy for clinical applications for cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Boslett
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - D. Russell
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinarian Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | | | - J. Alecusan
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - J. L. Zweier
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - M. T. Ziolo
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | | | - P. J. Mohler
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Internal Medicine; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - J. Curran
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Internal Medicine; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
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Yang Y, Yang X, Dong Y, Chen N, Xiao X, Liu H, Li Z, Chen Y. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation alleviates adverse cardiac remodeling induced by overload training in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:1269-76. [PMID: 27032900 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00077.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture has been shown previously to alleviate cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Overload training (OT) exercise can result in profound cardiac damage and remodeling. In this study, we aimed to examine whether transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS), a novel noninvasive and low-risk alternative to electroacupuncture, could counteract short-term OT-induced cardiac remodeling, fibrosis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Sixty rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 7 or 8/group): control, regular exercise, OT, OT plus low-, moderate- or high-frequency TEAS preconditioning, OT plus moderate-frequency TEAS postconditioning, or transcutaneous electrical nonacupoint stimulation (TENAS) preconditioning. The cardiac weight index (heart weight/body weight) was determined. Left ventricular morphology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis were determined by Masson's trichrome and TUNEL staining, respectively. The presence of autophagosomes was observed by transmission electron microcopy. The expressions of autophagic markers (LC3 II/I and Beclin-1) were determined by Western blot. The results showed that 1) OT induced adverse cardiac structure changes but did not affect the cardiac weight index; 2) OT increased cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis and induced autophagosome formation with upregulated LC3 II/I and Beclin-1 expression; 3) TEAS preconditioning effectively alleviated OT-induced cardiac structure changes, fibrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy; 4) TEAS preconditioning produced better protective effects than TEAS postconditioning or TENAS preconditioning. Our results demonstrate that TEAS preconditioning protects the heart from OT-induced cardiac injury/remodeling, probably by inhibition of fibrosis, autophagy, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Yang
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchen Dong
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Hua Liu
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhanghua Li
- Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
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Cai MX, Shi XC, Chen T, Tan ZN, Lin QQ, Du SJ, Tian ZJ. Exercise training activates neuregulin 1/ErbB signaling and promotes cardiac repair in a rat myocardial infarction model. Life Sci 2016; 149:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Ranjbar K, Nazem F, Nazari A, Gholami M, Nezami AR, Ardakanizade M, Sohrabi M, Ahmadvand H, Mottaghi M, Azizi Y. Synergistic effects of nitric oxide and exercise on revascularisation in the infarcted ventricle in a murine model of myocardial infarction. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 14:1104-15. [PMID: 26869868 PMCID: PMC4746998 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that density of microvessels decreases in the left ventricular after myocardial infarction (MI). The change of angiogenic and angiostatic factors as the main factors in revascularisation after exercise training in area at risk is not determined yet in MI. Therefore, the aim of the present study was the effect of exercise training and L-arginine supplementation on area at risk angiogenesis in myocardial infarction rat. Four weeks after surgery (Left Anterior Descending Coronary artery Ligation), myocardial infarction rats were divided into 4 groups: Sedentary rats (Sed-MI); L-arginine supplementation (La-MI); Exercise training (Ex-MI) and Exercise + L-arginine (Ex+La). Exercise training (ET) lasted for 10 weeks at 17 m/min for 10-50 min day(-1). Rats in the L-arginine-treated groups drank water containing 4 % L-arginine. After ET and L-arginine supplementation, ventricular function was evaluated and angiogenic and angiostatic indices were measured at ~1 mm from the edge of scar tissue (area at risk). Statistical analysis revealed that gene expression of VEGF as an angiogenic factor, angiostatin as an angiostatic factor and caspase-3 at area at risk decrease significantly in response to exercise training compared to the sedentary group. The capillary and arteriolar density in the Ex groups were significantly higher than those of the Sed groups. Compared to the Ex-MI group, the Ex+La group showed a markedly increase in capillary to fiber ratio. No significant differences were found in infarct size among the four groups, but cardiac function increased in response to exercise. Exercise training increases revascularization at area at risk by reduction of angiostatin. L-arginine supplementation causes additional effects on exercise-induced angiogenesis by preventing more reduction of VEGF gene expression in response to exercise. These improvements, in turn, increase left ventricular systolic function and decrease mortality in myocardial infarction rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Ranjbar
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Farzad Nazem
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Afshin Nazari
- Department of Physiology, Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Gholami
- Department of Anatomy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Nezami
- Department of cardiology, Shahid madani hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Malihe Ardakanizade
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Maryam Sohrabi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hasan Ahmadvand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mottaghi
- Department of Anatomy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Yaser Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Physiology research center, School of Medicine, Iran Universty of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Otsuki Y, Nakamura Y, Harada S, Yamamoto Y, Ogino K, Morikawa K, Ninomiya H, Miyagawa S, Sawa Y, Hisatome I, Nishimura M. Adipose stem cell sheets improved cardiac function in the rat myocardial infarction, but did not alter cardiac contractile responses to β-adrenergic stimulation. Biomed Res 2015; 36:11-9. [PMID: 25749147 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.36.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are a source of regenerative cells available for autologous transplantation to hearts. We compared protective actions of ASC sheets on rat myocardial infarction (MI) in comparison with those of skeletal myoblast cell sheets. Their effects on infarcted hearts were evaluated by biological, histochemical as well as physiological analyses. ASC sheets secreted higher concentrations of angiogenic factors (HGF, VEGF, and bFGF; P < 0.05) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions than those of myoblast cell sheets, associated with reduction of cell apoptosis (P < 0.05). Like myoblast cell sheets, ASC sheets improved cardiac function (P < 0.05) and decreased the plasma level of ANP (P < 0.05) in MI hearts. ASC sheets restored cardiac remodeling characterized by fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy and impaired angiogenesis (P < 0.05), which was associated with increases in angiogenic factors (P < 0.05). In isolated perfused rat hearts, ASC sheets improved both systolic and diastolic functions, which was comparable to cardiac functions of myoblast cell sheets, while both cell sheets failed to restore cardiac contractile response to either isoproterenol, pimobendan or dibutyryl cAMP. These results indicated that ASC sheets improved cardiac function and remodeling of MI hearts mediated by their paracrine action and this improvement was comparable to those by myoblast cell sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Otsuki
- Division of Organ Regeneration Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine
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Intravenous Followed by X-ray Fused with MRI-Guided Transendocardial Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection Improves Contractility Reserve in a Swine Model of Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015; 8:438-48. [PMID: 26374144 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of early intravenous (IV) infusion later followed by transendocardial (TE) injection of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) following myocardial infarction (MI). Twenty-four swine underwent balloon occlusion reperfusion MI and were randomized into 4 groups: IV MSC (or placebo) infusion (post-MI day 2) and TE MSC (or placebo) injection targeting the infarct border with 2D X-ray fluoroscopy fused to 3D magnetic resonance (XFM) co-registration (post-MI day 14). Continuous ECG recording, MRI, and invasive pressure-volume analyses were performed. IV MSC plus TE MSC treated group was superior to other groups for contractility reserve (p = 0.02) and freedom from VT (p = 0.03) but had more lymphocytic foci localized to the peri-infarct region (p = 0.002). No differences were observed in post-MI remodeling parameters. IV followed by XFM targeted TE MSC therapy improves contractility reserve and suppresses VT but does not affect post-MI remodeling and may cause an immune response.
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48
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Ma X, Fu Y, Xiao H, Song Y, Chen R, Shen J, An X, Shen Q, Li Z, Zhang Y. Cardiac Fibrosis Alleviated by Exercise Training Is AMPK-Dependent. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129971. [PMID: 26068068 PMCID: PMC4466316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise can protect the heart against external stimuli, but the mechanism is not well understood. We determined the role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in regulating swimming exercise-mediated cardiac protection against β-adrenergic receptor overstimulation with isoproterenol (ISO) in mice. Ten-week-old AMPKα2+/+ and AMPKα2-knockout (AMPKα2-/-) littermates were subjected to 4 weeks of swimming training (50 min daily, 6 days a week) or housed under sedentary conditions. The mice received daily subcutaneous injection of ISO (5 mg/kg/d), a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor agonist, during the last 2 weeks of swimming training. Swimming training alleviated ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis in AMPKα2+/+ mice but not AMPKα2-/- mice. Swimming training activated cardiac AMPK in AMPKα2+/+ mice. Furthermore, swimming training attenuated ISO-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of NADPH oxidase and promoted the expression of antioxidant enzymes in AMPKα2+/+ mice but not AMPKα2-/- mice. In conclusion, swimming training attenuates ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting the NADPH oxidase–ROS pathway mediated by AMPK activation. Our findings provide a new mechanism for the cardioprotective effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Ma
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yongnan Fu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Song
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifei Chen
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbo An
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Parisi V, Leosco D, Ferro G, Bevilacqua A, Pagano G, de Lucia C, Perrone Filardi P, Caruso A, Rengo G, Ferrara N. The lipid theory in the pathogenesis of calcific aortic stenosis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:519-525. [PMID: 25816732 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Biologically active phenomena, triggered by atherogenesis and inflammation, lead to aortic valve (AV) calcification. Lipids play an important role in activating the cell signaling leading to AV bone deposition. This review, based on evidence from animal and human studies, mainly focused on the involvement of lipids and atherogenic phenomena in the pathogenesis of calcific aortic stenosis (AS). DATA SYNTHESIS The role of elevated low density lipoproteins for the risk of both vascular atherosclerosis and AS has been elucidated. Lipid disorders act synergistically with other risk factors to increase prevalence of calcific AS. Atherosclerosis is also involved in the pathogenesis of bone demineralization, a typical hallmark of aging, which is associated with ectopic calcification at vascular and valvular levels. Animal studies have recently contributed to demonstrate that lipids play an important role in AS pathogenesis through the activation of molecular cell signalings, such as Wnt/Lrp5 and RANK/RANKL/Osteprotegerin, which induce the transition of valvular myofibroblasts toward an osteogenic phenotype with consequent valvular bone deposition. Although all these evidence strongly support the lipid theory in AS pathogenesis, lipids lowering therapies failed to demonstrate in controlled trials a significant efficacy to slow AS progression. Encouraging results from animal studies indicate that physical activity may counteract the biological processes inducing AV degeneration. CONCLUSIONS This review indicates a robust interplay between lipids, inflammation, and calcific AS. This new pathophysiological scenario of such an emerging valvular disease paves the way to the next challenge of cardiovascular research: "prevent and care aortic valve stenosis".
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Affiliation(s)
- V Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - D Leosco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy.
| | - G Ferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - A Bevilacqua
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - G Pagano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - C de Lucia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - P Perrone Filardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - A Caruso
- Casa di Cura S. Michele, Maddaloni, Italy
| | - G Rengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy; Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto di Telese Terme, BN, Italy
| | - N Ferrara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy; Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto di Telese Terme, BN, Italy
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50
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Alterations of left ventricular deformation and cardiac sympathetic derangement in patients with systolic heart failure: a 3D speckle tracking echocardiography and cardiac ¹²³I-MIBG study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 42:1601-11. [PMID: 25947572 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myocardial contractile function is under the control of cardiac sympathetic activity. Three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D-STE) and cardiac imaging with (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) are two sophisticated techniques for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) deformation and sympathetic innervation, respectively, which offer important prognostic information in patients with heart failure (HF). The purpose of this investigation was to explore, in patients with systolic HF, the relationship between LV deformation assessed by 3D-STE and cardiac sympathetic derangement evaluated by (123)I-MIBG imaging. METHODS We prospectively studied 75 patients with systolic HF. All patients underwent a 3D-STE study (longitudinal, circumferential, area and radial) and (123)I-MIBG planar and SPECT cardiac imaging. RESULTS 3D-STE longitudinal, circumferential and area strain values were correlated with (123)I-MIBG late heart to mediastinum (H/M) ratio and late SPECT total defect score. After stratification of the patients according to ischaemic or nonischaemic HF aetiology, we observed a good correlation of all 3D-STE measurements with late H/M ratio and SPECT data in the ischaemic group, but in patients with HF of nonischaemic aetiology, no correlation was found between LV deformation and cardiac sympathetic activity. At the regional level, the strongest correlation between LV deformation and adrenergic innervation was found for the left anterior descending coronary artery distribution territory for all four 3D-STE values. In multivariate linear regression analyses, including age, gender, LV ejection fraction, NYHA class, body mass index, heart rate and HF aetiology, only 3D-STE area and radial strain values significantly predicted cardiac sympathetic derangement on (123)I-MIBG late SPECT. CONCLUSION This study indicated that 3D-STE measurements are correlated with (123)I-MIBG planar and SPECT data. Furthermore, 3D-STE area and radial strain values, but not LVEF, predict cardiac sympathetic derangement in human postischaemic HF.
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