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Umapathy A, Clark A, Sehgal A, Karanam V, Rajaraman G, Kalionis B, Jones H, James J, Murthi P. Molecular regulators of defective placental and cardiovascular development in fetal growth restriction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:761-775. [PMID: 38904187 PMCID: PMC11193155 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Placental insufficiency is one of the major causes of fetal growth restriction (FGR), a significant pregnancy disorder in which the fetus fails to achieve its full growth potential in utero. As well as the acute consequences of being born too small, affected offspring are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and other chronic diseases in later life. The placenta and heart develop concurrently, therefore placental maldevelopment and function in FGR may have profound effect on the growth and differentiation of many organ systems, including the heart. Hence, understanding the key molecular players that are synergistically linked in the development of the placenta and heart is critical. This review highlights the key growth factors, angiogenic molecules and transcription factors that are common causes of defective placental and cardiovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandita Umapathy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alys Clark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Bioengineering Institute, New Zealand
| | - Arvind Sehgal
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia and Monash Newborn, Monash Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vijaya Karanam
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne and Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gayathri Rajaraman
- First year college, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne and Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen N. Jones
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Jo James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Bioengineering Institute, New Zealand
| | - Padma Murthi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne and Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Murthi P, Kalionis B. Homeobox genes in the human placenta: Twists and turns on the path to find novel targets. Placenta 2024:S0143-4004(24)00284-4. [PMID: 38908943 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a clinically important human pregnancy disorder that is thought to originate early in pregnancy and while its aetiology is not well understood, the disorder is associated with placental insufficiency. Currently treatment for FGR is limited by increased surveillance using ultrasound monitoring and premature delivery, or corticosteroid medication in the third trimester to prolong pregnancy. There is a pressing need for novel strategies to detect and treat FGR at its early stage. Homeobox genes are well established as master regulators of early embryonic development and increasing evidence suggests they are also important in regulating early placental development. Most important is that specific homeobox genes are abnormally expressed in human FGR. This review focusses on identifying the molecular pathways controlled by homeobox genes in the normal and FGR-affected placenta. This information will begin to address the knowledge gap in the molecular aetiology of FGR and lay the foundation for identifying potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Murthi
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital and Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital and Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Li L, Lai F, Liu L, Lu X, Hu X, Liu B, Lin Z, Fan Q, Kong F, Xu Q, Xie W. Lineage regulators TFAP2C and NR5A2 function as bipotency activators in totipotent embryos. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:950-963. [PMID: 38243114 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
During the first lineage segregation, a mammalian totipotent embryo differentiates into the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE). However, how transcription factors (TFs) regulate this earliest cell-fate decision in vivo remains elusive, with their regulomes primarily inferred from cultured cells. Here, we investigated the TF regulomes during the first lineage specification in early mouse embryos, spanning the pre-initiation, initiation, commitment, and maintenance phases. Unexpectedly, we found that TFAP2C, a trophoblast regulator, bound and activated both early TE and inner cell mass (ICM) genes at the totipotent (two- to eight-cell) stages ('bipotency activation'). Tfap2c deficiency caused downregulation of early ICM genes, including Nanog, Nr5a2, and Tdgf1, and early TE genes, including Tfeb and Itgb5, in eight-cell embryos. Transcription defects in both ICM and TE lineages were also found in blastocysts, accompanied by increased apoptosis and reduced cell numbers in ICMs. Upon trophoblast commitment, TFAP2C left early ICM genes but acquired binding to late TE genes in blastocysts, where it co-bound with CDX2, and later to extra-embryonic ectoderm (ExE) genes, where it cooperatively co-occupied with the former ICM regulator SOX2. Finally, 'bipotency activation' in totipotent embryos also applied to a pluripotency regulator NR5A2, which similarly bound and activated both ICM and TE lineage genes at the eight-cell stage. These data reveal a unique transcription circuity of totipotency underpinned by highly adaptable lineage regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangnong Lai
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xukun Lu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bofeng Liu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zili Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Fan
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Kong
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianhua Xu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Golden TN, Mani S, Linn RL, Leite R, Trigg NA, Wilson A, Anton L, Mainigi M, Conine CC, Kaufman BA, Strauss JF, Parry S, Simmons RA. Extracellular vesicles alter trophoblast function in pregnancies complicated by COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.17.580824. [PMID: 38464046 PMCID: PMC10925147 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.17.580824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and resulting coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes placental dysfunction, which increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. While abnormal placental pathology resulting from COVID-19 is common, direct infection of the placenta is rare. This suggests that pathophysiology associated with maternal COVID-19, rather than direct placental infection, is responsible for placental dysfunction and alteration of the placental transcriptome. We hypothesized that maternal circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), altered by COVID-19 during pregnancy, contribute to placental dysfunction. To examine this hypothesis, we characterized maternal circulating EVs from pregnancies complicated by COVID-19 and tested their effects on trophoblast cell physiology in vitro . We found that the gestational timing of COVID-19 is a major determinant of circulating EV function and cargo. In vitro trophoblast exposure to EVs isolated from patients with an active infection at the time of delivery, but not EVs isolated from Controls, altered key trophoblast functions including hormone production and invasion. Thus, circulating EVs from participants with an active infection, both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, can disrupt vital trophoblast functions. EV cargo differed between participants with COVID-19 and Controls, which may contribute to the disruption of the placental transcriptome and morphology. Our findings show that COVID-19 can have effects throughout pregnancy on circulating EVs and circulating EVs are likely to participate in placental dysfunction induced by COVID-19.
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Abbey CA, Duran CL, Chen Z, Chen Y, Roy S, Coffell A, Sveeggen TM, Chakraborty S, Wells GB, Chang J, Bayless KJ. Identification of New Markers of Angiogenic Sprouting Using Transcriptomics: New Role for RND3. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:e145-e167. [PMID: 38482696 PMCID: PMC11043006 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New blood vessel formation requires endothelial cells to transition from a quiescent to an invasive phenotype. Transcriptional changes are vital for this switch, but a comprehensive genome-wide approach focused exclusively on endothelial cell sprout initiation has not been reported. METHODS Using a model of human endothelial cell sprout initiation, we developed a protocol to physically separate cells that initiate the process of new blood vessel formation (invading cells) from noninvading cells. We used this model to perform multiple transcriptomics analyses from independent donors to monitor endothelial gene expression changes. RESULTS Single-cell population analyses, single-cell cluster analyses, and bulk RNA sequencing revealed common transcriptomic changes associated with invading cells. We also found that collagenase digestion used to isolate single cells upregulated the Fos proto-oncogene transcription factor. Exclusion of Fos proto-oncogene expressing cells revealed a gene signature consistent with activation of signal transduction, morphogenesis, and immune responses. Many of the genes were previously shown to regulate angiogenesis and included multiple tip cell markers. Upregulation of SNAI1 (snail family transcriptional repressor 1), PTGS2 (prostaglandin synthase 2), and JUNB (JunB proto-oncogene) protein expression was confirmed in invading cells, and silencing JunB and SNAI1 significantly reduced invasion responses. Separate studies investigated rounding 3, also known as RhoE, which has not yet been implicated in angiogenesis. Silencing rounding 3 reduced endothelial invasion distance as well as filopodia length, fitting with a pathfinding role for rounding 3 via regulation of filopodial extensions. Analysis of in vivo retinal angiogenesis in Rnd3 heterozygous mice confirmed a decrease in filopodial length compared with wild-type littermates. CONCLUSIONS Validation of multiple genes, including rounding 3, revealed a functional role for this gene signature early in the angiogenic process. This study expands the list of genes associated with the acquisition of a tip cell phenotype during endothelial cell sprout initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette A. Abbey
- Texas A&M Health, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan TX
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Camille L. Duran
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Zhishi Chen
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Yanping Chen
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Sukanya Roy
- Texas A&M Health, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan TX
| | - Ashley Coffell
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Timothy M. Sveeggen
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Texas A&M Health, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan TX
| | - Gregg B. Wells
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Jiang Chang
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Kayla J. Bayless
- Texas A&M Health, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan TX
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
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Bhuria V, Franz T, Baldauf C, Böttcher M, Chatain N, Koschmieder S, Brümmendorf TH, Mougiakakos D, Schraven B, Kahlfuß S, Fischer T. Activating mutations in JAK2 and CALR differentially affect intracellular calcium flux in store operated calcium entry. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:186. [PMID: 38509561 PMCID: PMC10956330 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium (Ca2+) signaling regulates various vital cellular functions, including integrin activation and cell migration. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) via calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels represents a major pathway for Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space in multiple cell types. The impact of JAK2-V617F and CALR mutations which are disease initiating in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) on SOCE, calcium flux from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytosol, and related key signaling pathways in the presence or absence of erythropoietin (EPO) or thrombopoietin (TPO) is poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the effects of these mutations on the aforementioned calcium dynamics, in cellular models of MPN. METHODS Intracellular Ca2+ levels were measured over a time frame of 0-1080 s in Fura-2 AM labeled myeloid progenitor 32D cells expressing various mutations (JAK2-WT/EpoR, JAK2-V617F/EpoR; CALR-WT/MPL, CALR-ins5/MPL, and del52/MPL). Basal Ca2+ concentrations were assessed from 0-108 s. Subsequently, cells were stimulated with EPO/TPO in Ca2+-free Ringer solution, measuring Ca2+ levels from 109-594 s (store depletion). Then, 2 mM of Ca2+ buffer resembling physiological concentrations was added to induce SOCE, and Ca2+ levels were measured from 595-1080 s. Fura-2 AM emission ratios (F340/380) were used to quantify the integrated Ca2+ signal. Statistical significance was assessed by unpaired Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney-U-test, one-way or two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. RESULTS Following EPO stimulation, the area under the curve (AUC) representing SOCE significantly increased in 32D-JAK2-V617F cells compared to JAK2-WT cells. In TPO-stimulated CALR cells, we observed elevated Ca2+ levels during store depletion and SOCE in CALR-WT cells compared to CALR-ins5 and del52 cells. Notably, upon stimulation, key components of the Ca2+ signaling pathways, including PLCγ-1 and IP3R, were differentially affected in these cell lines. Hyper-activated PLCγ-1 and IP3R were observed in JAK2-V617F but not in CALR mutated cells. Inhibition of calcium regulatory mechanisms suppressed cellular growth and induced apoptosis in JAK2-V617F cells. CONCLUSIONS This report highlights the impact of JAK2 and CALR mutations on Ca2+ flux (store depletion and SOCE) in response to stimulation with EPO and TPO. The study shows that the JAK2-V617F mutation strongly alters the regulatory mechanism of EpoR/JAK2-dependent intracellular calcium balance, affecting baseline calcium levels, EPO-induced calcium entry, and PLCγ-1 signaling pathways. Our results reveal an important role of calcium flux in the homeostasis of JAK2-V617F positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bhuria
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Health-Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention - CHaMP, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Franz
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Conny Baldauf
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Health-Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Chatain
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Health-Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health-Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention - CHaMP, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kahlfuß
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health-Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention - CHaMP, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Health-Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention - CHaMP, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Zhang X, Ding X, Wang C, Le Q, Wu D, Song A, Huang G, Luo L, Luo Y, Yang X, Goins AE, Desai SP, Qiu C, Silva FD, Feldman LE, Zhou J, Spafford MF, Boyd NH, Prossnitz ER, Yang XO, Wang QA, Liu M. Depletion of JunB increases adipocyte thermogenic capacity and ameliorates diet-induced insulin resistance. Nat Metab 2024; 6:78-93. [PMID: 38191667 PMCID: PMC10954369 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00945-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The coexistence of brown adipocytes with low and high thermogenic activity is a fundamental feature of brown adipose tissue heterogeneity and plasticity. However, the mechanisms that govern thermogenic adipocyte heterogeneity and its significance in obesity and metabolic disease remain poorly understood. Here we show that in male mice, a population of transcription factor jun-B (JunB)-enriched (JunB+) adipocytes within the brown adipose tissue exhibits lower thermogenic capacity compared to high-thermogenic adipocytes. The JunB+ adipocyte population expands in obesity. Depletion of JunB in adipocytes increases the fraction of adipocytes exhibiting high thermogenic capacity, leading to enhanced basal and cold-induced energy expenditure and protection against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, JunB antagonizes the stimulatory effects of PPARγ coactivator-1α on high-thermogenic adipocyte formation by directly binding to the promoter of oestrogen-related receptor alpha, a PPARγ coactivator-1α downstream effector. Taken together, our study uncovers that JunB shapes thermogenic adipocyte heterogeneity, serving a critical role in maintaining systemic metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Chunqing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Que Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anying Song
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Guixiang Huang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Aleyah E Goins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sharina P Desai
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Chengrui Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Floyd D Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lily Elizabeth Feldman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jianlin Zhou
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael F Spafford
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nathan H Boyd
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center (UNMCCC), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Xuexian O Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Qiong A Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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8
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Ren FJ, Cai XY, Yao Y, Fang GY. JunB: a paradigm for Jun family in immune response and cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1222265. [PMID: 37731821 PMCID: PMC10507257 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1222265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Jun B proto-oncogene (JunB) is a crucial member of dimeric activator protein-1 (AP-1) complex, which plays a significant role in various physiological processes, such as placental formation, cardiovascular development, myelopoiesis, angiogenesis, endochondral ossification and epidermis tissue homeostasis. Additionally, it has been reported that JunB has great regulatory functions in innate and adaptive immune responses by regulating the differentiation and cytokine secretion of immune cells including T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages, while also facilitating the effector of neutrophils and natural killer cells. Furthermore, a growing body of studies have shown that JunB is involved in tumorigenesis through regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, senescence and metastasis, particularly affecting the tumor microenvironment through transcriptional promotion or suppression of oncogenes in tumor cells or immune cells. This review summarizes the physiological function of JunB, its immune regulatory function, and its contribution to tumorigenesis, especially focusing on its regulatory mechanisms within tumor-associated immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-jia Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-yu Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-ying Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Kaur G, Sharma D, Bisen S, Mukhopadhyay CS, Gurdziel K, Singh NK. Vascular cell-adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) regulates JunB-mediated IL-8/CXCL1 expression and pathological neovascularization. Commun Biol 2023; 6:516. [PMID: 37179352 PMCID: PMC10183029 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion molecules play an important role in various immunological disorders, particularly in cancers. However, little is known regarding the role of these adhesion molecules in proliferative retinopathies. We observed that IL-33 regulates VCAM-1 expression in human retinal endothelial cells and that genetic deletion of IL-33 reduces hypoxia-induced VCAM-1 expression and retinal neovascularization in C57BL/6 mice. We found that VCAM-1 via JunB regulates IL-8 promoter activity and expression in human retinal endothelial cells. In addition, our study outlines the regulatory role of VCAM-1-JunB-IL-8 signaling on retinal endothelial cell sprouting and angiogenesis. Our RNA sequencing results show an induced expression of CXCL1 (a murine functional homolog of IL-8) in the hypoxic retina, and intravitreal injection of VCAM-1 siRNA not only decreases hypoxia-induced VCAM-1-JunB-CXCL1 signaling but also reduces OIR-induced sprouting and retinal neovascularization. These findings suggest that VCAM-1-JunB-IL-8 signaling plays a crucial role in retinal neovascularization, and its antagonism might provide an advanced treatment option for proliferative retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Kaur
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Shivantika Bisen
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Chandra Sekhar Mukhopadhyay
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Nikhlesh K Singh
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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10
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Nguyen HT, Martin LJ. Regulation of Cdh2 by the AP-1 family transcription factor Junb in TM4 Sertoli cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 663:32-40. [PMID: 37119763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Cadherins are transmembrane proteins that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion and various cellular processes. In Sertoli cells of the testis, Cdh2 contributes to the development of the testis and the formation of the blood-testis barrier, being essential for germ cells' protection. Analyses of chromatin accessibility and epigenetic marks in adult mouse testis have shown that the region from -800 to +900 bp respective to Cdh2 transcription start site (TSS) is likely the active regulatory region of this gene. In addition, the JASPAR 2022 matrix has predicted an AP-1 binding element at about -600 bp. Transcription factors of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) family have been implicated in the regulation of the expression of genes encoding cell-to-cell interaction proteins such as Gja1, Nectin2 and Cdh3. To test the potential regulation of Cdh2 by members of the AP-1 family, siRNAs were transfected into TM4 Sertoli cells. The knockdown of Junb led to a decrease in Cdh2 expression. ChIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter assays with site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the recruitment of Junb to several AP-1 regulatory elements in the proximal region of the Cdh2 promoter in TM4 cells. Further investigation with luciferase reporter assays showed that other AP-1 members can also activate the Cdh2 promoter albeit to a lesser extent than Junb. Taken together, these data suggest that in TM4 Sertoli cells, Junb is responsible for the regulation of Cdh2 expression which requires its recruitment to the proximal region of the Cdh2 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Tuyen Nguyen
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Luc J Martin
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada.
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11
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A differentiation roadmap of murine placentation at single-cell resolution. Cell Discov 2023; 9:30. [PMID: 36928215 PMCID: PMC10020559 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is one of the most important yet least understood organs. Due to the limitations of conventional research approaches, we are still far from a comprehensive understanding of mouse placentation, especially regarding the differentiation of trophoblast lineages at the early developmental stage. To decipher cell compositions and developmental processes, we systematically profile the single-cell transcriptomes of trophoblast cells from extraembryonic tissues (embryonic day 7.5 (E7.5) and E8.5) and placentae (E9.5-E14.5) at one-day intervals. We identify distinct trophoblast cell types during mouse placentation, including unreported progenitor cells and intermediate precursor cells. An updated differentiation roadmap of mouse trophoblast lineages is presented following systematic transcriptome analyses. Based on transcriptomic regulatory network inference, we specify transcription factors responsible for the regulation of dynamic developmental processes during lineage diversification. We map lineage differentiation trajectories and find that sinusoid trophoblast giant cells arise from the subpopulation of ectoplacental cone cells. We provide a comprehensive single-cell data resource to shed light on future mechanistic studies of the gene regulatory networks governing hemochorial placentation.
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12
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Alonso CAI, David CD, Toufaily C, Wang Y, Zhou X, Ongaro L, Nudelman G, Nair VD, Ruf-Zamojski F, Boehm U, Sealfon SC, Bernard DJ. Activating Transcription Factor 3 Stimulates Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-β Expression In Vitro But Is Dispensable for Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Production in Murine Gonadotropes In Vivo. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad050. [PMID: 36951304 PMCID: PMC10282924 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a dimeric glycoprotein produced by pituitary gonadotrope cells, regulates spermatogenesis in males and ovarian follicle growth in females. Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates FSHβ subunit gene (Fshb) transcription, though the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we examined changes in pituitary gene expression in GnRH-deficient mice (hpg) treated with a regimen of exogenous GnRH that increases pituitary Fshb but not luteinizing hormone β (Lhb) messenger RNA levels. Activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3) was among the most upregulated genes. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) can heterodimerize with members of the activator protein 1 family to regulate gene transcription. Co-expression of ATF3 with JunB stimulated murine Fshb, but not Lhb, promoter-reporter activity in homologous LβT2b cells. ATF3 also synergized with a constitutively active activin type I receptor to increase endogenous Fshb expression in these cells. Nevertheless, FSH production was intact in gonadotrope-specific Atf3 knockout [conditional knockout (cKO)] mice. Ovarian follicle development, ovulation, and litter sizes were equivalent between cKOs and controls. Testis weights and sperm counts did not differ between genotypes. Following gonadectomy, increases in LH secretion were enhanced in cKO animals. Though FSH levels did not differ between genotypes, post-gonadectomy increases in pituitary Fshb and gonadotropin α subunit expression were more pronounced in cKO than control mice. These data indicate that ATF3 can selectively stimulate Fshb expression in vitro but is not required for FSH production in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A I Alonso
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Caroline D David
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Chirine Toufaily
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Luisina Ongaro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - German Nudelman
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assay, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Venugopalan D Nair
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assay, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Frederique Ruf-Zamojski
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assay, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Stuart C Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assay, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel J Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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13
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Nguyen HT, Martin LJ. The transcription factors Junb and Fosl2 cooperate to regulate Cdh3 expression in 15P-1 Sertoli cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:27-41. [PMID: 36468795 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In Sertoli cells of the testis, cadherins (Cdh) are important cell-to-cell interaction proteins and contribute to the formation of the blood-testis barrier being essential for germ cells' protection. P-cadherin or Cdh3 is only expressed in Sertoli cells from embryonic to prepubertal development. Interestingly, the expression profile of Cdh3 correlates with that of activating protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factors during Sertoli cells development. To assess their potential implications in the regulation of Cdh3, different AP-1 transcription factors were overexpressed in 15P-1 Sertoli cells. We found that the overexpressions of Junb and Fosl2 activated Cdh3 promoter. ChIP-qPCR assay and luciferase reporter assay with 5' promoter deletions and site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the recruitment of Junb and Fosl2 to an AP-1 regulatory element at -47 bp in the proximal region of Cdh3 promoter in 15P-1 cells. These findings were further supported by histone modification markers and chromatin accessibility surrounding Cdh3 promoter in mouse testis. Moreover, the knockdowns of Junb and/or Fosl2 by siRNA decreased Cdh3 protein levels. Taken together, these data suggest that in 15P-1 Sertoli cells, the AP-1 family members Junb and Fosl2 are responsible for the regulation of Cdh3 expression, which requires the recruitment of both factors to the proximal region of the Cdh3 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha T Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Luc J Martin
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
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14
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Talluri TR, Kumaresan A, Sinha MK, Paul N, Ebenezer Samuel King JP, Datta TK. Integrated multi-omics analyses reveals molecules governing sperm metabolism potentially influence bull fertility. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10692. [PMID: 35739152 PMCID: PMC9226030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14589-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bull fertility is of paramount importance in bovine industry because semen from a single bull is used to breed several thousands of cows; however, so far, no reliable test is available for bull fertility prediction. In the present study, spermatozoa from high- and low-fertility bulls were subjected to high-throughput transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analysis. Using an integrated multi-omics approach the molecular differences between high- and low-fertility bulls were identified. We identified a total of 18,068 transcripts, 5041 proteins and 3704 metabolites in bull spermatozoa, of which the expression of 4766 transcripts, 785 proteins and 33 metabolites were dysregulated between high- and low-fertility bulls. At transcript level, several genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation pathway were found to be downregulated, while at protein level genes involved in metabolic pathways were significantly downregulated in low-fertility bulls. We found that metabolites involved in Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were significantly downregulated in low-fertility bulls. Integrated multi-omics analysis revealed the interaction of dysregulated transcripts, proteins and metabolites in major metabolic pathways, including Butanoate metabolism, Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, Methionine and cysteine metabolism, Phosphatidyl inositol phosphate, pyrimidine metabolism and saturated fatty acid beta oxidation. These findings collectively indicate that molecules governing sperm metabolism potentially influence bull fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumala Rao Talluri
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India.
| | - Manish Kumar Sinha
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Nilendu Paul
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - John Peter Ebenezer Samuel King
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Tirtha K Datta
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132 001, India
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15
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Integrative epigenomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the requirement of JUNB for hematopoietic fate induction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3131. [PMID: 35668082 PMCID: PMC9170695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell differentiation towards hematopoietic progenitor cell can serve as an in vitro model for human embryonic hematopoiesis, but the dynamic change of epigenome and transcriptome remains elusive. Here, we systematically profile the chromatin accessibility, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 modifications, and the transcriptome of intermediate progenitors during hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation in vitro. The integrative analyses reveal sequential opening-up of regions for the binding of hematopoietic transcription factors and stepwise epigenetic reprogramming of bivalent genes. Single-cell analysis of cells undergoing the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition and comparison with in vivo hemogenic endothelial cells reveal important features of in vitro and in vivo hematopoiesis. We find that JUNB is an essential regulator for hemogenic endothelium specialization and endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. These studies depict an epigenomic roadmap from human pluripotent stem cells to hematopoietic progenitor cells, which may pave the way to generate hematopoietic progenitor cells with improved developmental potentials.
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16
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Murase H, El-Sheikh Ali H, Ruby RE, Scoggin KE, Ball BA. Transcriptomic analysis of the chorioallantois in equine premature placental separation. Equine Vet J 2022; 55:405-418. [PMID: 35622344 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine premature placental separation (PPS) is poorly understood and represents an important risk factor for fetal/neonatal hypoxia. OBJECTIVES To examine transcriptomic changes in the chorioallantois (CA) from mares with clinical PPS compared to the CA from normal foaling mares. Differential gene expression was determined and gene ontology as well as molecular pathways related to PPS were characterised. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case: control study. METHODS CA were collected from Thoroughbred mares with a clinical history of PPS (n=33) and from control Thoroughbred mares (n=4) with normal parturition for examination of transcriptional changes in the placenta associated with PPS. Transcriptomic changes in the villous CA near the cervical star were determined by Illumina® sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analysis. PPS samples were divided by k-means clustering, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each PPS cluster were identified by comparing to controls. Shared DEGs between PPS clusters were used for gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis. RESULTS A total of 1204 DEGs were identified between PPS and control. Gene ontology revealed extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell adhesion, and pathway analysis revealed fatty acid, p-53, hypoxia, and inflammation. Eleven key regulator genes of PPS including growth factors (IGF1, TGFB2, TGFB3), transcription factors (HIF1A, JUNB, SMAD3), and transmembrane receptors (FGFR1, TNFRSF1A, TYROBP) were also identified. MAIN LIMITATIONS The use of clinical history of PPS, in the absence of other criteria, may have led to misidentification of some cases as PPS. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis indicated that changes in ECM and cell adhesion were important factors in equine PPS. Key predicted upstream events include genes associated with hypoxia, inflammation and growth factors related to the pathogenesis of equine PPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harutaka Murase
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Equine Science Division, Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Urakawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Rebecca E Ruby
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kirsten E Scoggin
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barry A Ball
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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17
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Chen PH, Tjong WY, Yang HC, Liu HY, Stern A, Chiu DTY. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Redox Homeostasis and Embryogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042017. [PMID: 35216131 PMCID: PMC8878822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal embryogenesis requires complex regulation and precision, which depends on multiple mechanistic details. Defective embryogenesis can occur by various mechanisms. Maintaining redox homeostasis is of importance during embryogenesis. NADPH, as produced from the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), has an important role in redox homeostasis, serving as a cofactor for glutathione reductase in the recycling of glutathione from oxidized glutathione and for NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases in the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). Oxidative stress differentially influences cell fate and embryogenesis. While low levels of stress (eustress) by ROS and RNS promote cell growth and differentiation, supra-physiological concentrations of ROS and RNS can lead to cell demise and embryonic lethality. G6PD-deficient cells and organisms have been used as models in embryogenesis for determining the role of redox signaling in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Embryogenesis is also modulated by anti-oxidant enzymes, transcription factors, microRNAs, growth factors and signaling pathways, which are dependent on redox regulation. Crosstalk among transcription factors, microRNAs and redox signaling is essential for embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; (P.-H.C.); (W.-Y.T.); (D.T.-Y.C.)
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ye Tjong
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; (P.-H.C.); (W.-Y.T.); (D.T.-Y.C.)
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-6108175; Fax: +886-3-6102327
| | - Hui-Ya Liu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Arnold Stern
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; (P.-H.C.); (W.-Y.T.); (D.T.-Y.C.)
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18
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Dichtl S, Sanin DE, Koss CK, Willenborg S, Petzold A, Tanzer MC, Dahl A, Kabat AM, Lindenthal L, Zeitler L, Satzinger S, Strasser A, Mann M, Roers A, Eming SA, El Kasmi KC, Pearce EJ, Murray PJ. Gene-selective transcription promotes the inhibition of tissue reparative macrophages by TNF. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/4/e202101315. [PMID: 35027468 PMCID: PMC8761491 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory TNF is a highly gene-selective inhibitor of the gene expression program of tissue repair and wound healing macrophages. Anti-TNF therapies are a core anti-inflammatory approach for chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s Disease. Previously, we and others found that TNF blocks the emergence and function of alternative-activated or M2 macrophages involved in wound healing and tissue-reparative functions. Conceivably, anti-TNF drugs could mediate their protective effects in part by an altered balance of macrophage activity. To understand the mechanistic basis of how TNF regulates tissue-reparative macrophages, we used RNAseq, scRNAseq, ATACseq, time-resolved phospho-proteomics, gene-specific approaches, metabolic analysis, and signaling pathway deconvolution. We found that TNF controls tissue-reparative macrophage gene expression in a highly gene-specific way, dependent on JNK signaling via the type 1 TNF receptor on specific populations of alternative-activated macrophages. We further determined that JNK signaling has a profound and broad effect on activated macrophage gene expression. Our findings suggest that TNF’s anti-M2 effects evolved to specifically modulate components of tissue and reparative M2 macrophages and TNF is therefore a context-specific modulator of M2 macrophages rather than a pan-M2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David E Sanin
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,The Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carolin K Koss
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Petzold
- Deep Sequencing Group, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria C Tanzer
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Agnieszka M Kabat
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,The Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Leonie Zeitler
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Mann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine A Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,The Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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19
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Dotan A, Kanduc D, Muller S, Makatsariya A, Shoenfeld Y. Molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and the female reproductive system. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13494. [PMID: 34407240 PMCID: PMC8420155 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oogenesis, the process of egg production by the ovary, involves a complex differentiation program leading to the production of functional oocytes. This process comprises a sequential pathway of steps that are finely regulated. The question related to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and fertility has been evoked for several reasons, including the mechanism of molecular mimicry, which may contribute to female infertility by leading to the generation of deleterious autoantibodies, possibly contributing to the onset of an autoimmune disease in infected patients. Objective The immunological potential of the peptides shared between SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein and oogenesis‐related proteins; Thus we planned a systematic study to improve our understanding of the possible effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on female fertility using the angle of molecular mimicry as a starting point. Methods A library of 82 human proteins linked to oogenesis was assembled at random from UniProtKB database using oogenesis, uterine receptivity, decidualization, and placentation as a key words. For the analyses, an artificial polyprotein was built by joining the 82 a sequences of the oogenesis‐associated proteins. These were analyzed by searching the Immune Epitope DataBase for immunoreactive SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein epitopes hosting the shared pentapeptides. Results SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein was found to share 41 minimal immune determinants, that is, pentapeptides, with 27 human proteins that relate to oogenesis, uterine receptivity, decidualization, and placentation. All the shared pentapeptides that we identified, with the exception of four, are also present in SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein–derived epitopes that have been experimentally validated as immunoreactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arad Dotan
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS-Strasbourg University Unit Biotechnology and Cell signaling/ Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Strasbourg, France.,Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.,University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,President of Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
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20
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Wutschka J, Kast B, Sator-Schmitt M, Appak-Baskoy S, Hess J, Sinn HP, Angel P, Schorpp-Kistner M. JUNB suppresses distant metastasis by influencing the initial metastatic stage. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 38:411-423. [PMID: 34282521 PMCID: PMC8318945 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The complex interactions between cells of the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells are considered a major determinant of cancer progression and metastasis. Yet, our understanding of the mechanisms of metastatic disease is not sufficient to successfully treat patients with advanced-stage cancer. JUNB is a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family shown to be frequently deregulated in human cancer and associated with invasion and metastasis. A strikingly high stromal JUNB expression in human breast cancer samples prompted us to functionally investigate the consequences of JUNB loss in cells of the tumor microenvironment on cancer progression and metastasis in mice. To adequately mimic the clinical situation, we applied a syngeneic spontaneous breast cancer metastasis model followed by primary tumor resection and identified stromal JUNB as a potent suppressor of distant metastasis. Comprehensive characterization of the JUNB-deficient tumor microenvironment revealed a strong influx of myeloid cells into primary breast tumors and lungs at early metastatic stage. In these infiltrating neutrophils, BV8 and MMP9, proteins promoting angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, were specifically upregulated in a JUNB-dependent manner. Taken together, we established stromal JUNB as a strong suppressor of distant metastasis. Consequently, therapeutic strategies targeting AP-1 should be carefully designed not to interfere with stromal JUNB expression as this may be detrimental for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Wutschka
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Kast
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Sator-Schmitt
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sila Appak-Baskoy
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- iBEST (Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jochen Hess
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Sinn
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Schorpp-Kistner
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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21
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The role of leukemia inhibitory factor in pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia: molecular and cell signaling approach. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:635-642. [PMID: 34076833 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is considered as the main hallmark of Preeclampsia (PE). Despite the unknown pathogenesis of PE, different possible causes have been suggested in various studies. In this review, we first studied the Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) role in the related pathways to the PE pathogenesis, such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. LIF can increase the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 via the JAK/STAT3 pathway, thereby inducing inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction. It can also be involved in the vascular vasoconstriction and hypertension by reducing the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Identifying the link between LIF and pathways associated with PE pathogenesis could be effective to achieve an effective PE treatment in the future.
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22
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Yoshitomi Y, Ikeda T, Saito-Takatsuji H, Yonekura H. Emerging Role of AP-1 Transcription Factor JunB in Angiogenesis and Vascular Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062804. [PMID: 33802099 PMCID: PMC8000613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are essential for the formation and maintenance of almost all functional tissues. They play fundamental roles in the supply of oxygen and nutrition, as well as development and morphogenesis. Vascular endothelial cells are the main factor in blood vessel formation. Recently, research findings showed heterogeneity in vascular endothelial cells in different tissue/organs. Endothelial cells alter their gene expressions depending on their cell fate or angiogenic states of vascular development in normal and pathological processes. Studies on gene regulation in endothelial cells demonstrated that the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors are implicated in angiogenesis and vascular development. In particular, it has been revealed that JunB (a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family) is transiently induced in endothelial cells at the angiogenic frontier and controls them on tip cells specification during vascular development. Moreover, JunB plays a role in tissue-specific vascular maturation processes during neurovascular interaction in mouse embryonic skin and retina vasculatures. Thus, JunB appears to be a new angiogenic factor that induces endothelial cell migration and sprouting particularly in neurovascular interaction during vascular development. In this review, we discuss the recently identified role of JunB in endothelial cells and blood vessel formation.
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23
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Katagiri T, Kameda H, Nakano H, Yamazaki S. Regulation of T cell differentiation by the AP-1 transcription factor JunB. Immunol Med 2021; 44:197-203. [PMID: 33470914 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2021.1872838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
JunB, a component of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, is known to exhibit an important role in bone formation and bone marrow cell proliferation. During T helper type 2 (Th2) cell differentiation, JunB contributes to the regulation of interleukin (IL)-4 expression, and AP-1 and nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) constitute a heteromer and contribute to IL-2 production. However, the role of JunB in other T cells has not been investigated. In 2017, it was revealed that JunB, in collaboration with basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (BATF), regulates the expression of Th17-related genes. Furthermore, JunB was found to play an important role in regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation, contributing to CD25 expression and IL-2 production. IL-2 is a T cell activator and has been shown as a necessary factor for Treg proliferation. Here, we review the role of JunB in T cells based on basic research data and discuss the potential for its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Katagiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohashi Medical Center, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Kameda
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohashi Medical Center, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soh Yamazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Fan F, Malvestiti S, Vallet S, Lind J, Garcia-Manteiga JM, Morelli E, Jiang Q, Seckinger A, Hose D, Goldschmidt H, Stadlbauer A, Sun C, Mei H, Pecherstorfer M, Bakiri L, Wagner EF, Tonon G, Sattler M, Hu Y, Tassone P, Jaeger D, Podar K. JunB is a key regulator of multiple myeloma bone marrow angiogenesis. Leukemia 2021; 35:3509-3525. [PMID: 34007044 PMCID: PMC8632680 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) angiogenesis significantly influences disease progression in multiple myeloma (MM) patients and correlates with adverse prognosis. The present study shows a statistically significant correlation of the AP-1 family member JunB with VEGF, VEGFB, and IGF1 expression levels in MM. In contrast to the angiogenic master regulator Hif-1α, JunB protein levels were independent of hypoxia. Results in tumor-cell models that allow the induction of JunB knockdown or JunB activation, respectively, corroborated the functional role of JunB in the production and secretion of these angiogenic factors (AFs). Consequently, conditioned media derived from MM cells after JunB knockdown or JunB activation either inhibited or stimulated in vitro angiogenesis. The impact of JunB on MM BM angiogenesis was finally confirmed in a dynamic 3D model of the BM microenvironment, a xenograft mouse model as well as in patient-derived BM sections. In summary, in continuation of our previous study (Fan et al., 2017), the present report reveals for the first time that JunB is not only a mediator of MM cell survival, proliferation, and drug resistance, but also a promoter of AF transcription and consequently of MM BM angiogenesis. Our results thereby underscore worldwide efforts to target AP-1 transcription factors such as JunB as a promising strategy in MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Fan
- grid.412839.50000 0004 1771 3250Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefano Malvestiti
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonia Vallet
- grid.488547.2Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria ,grid.459693.4Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Judith Lind
- grid.459693.4Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Manteiga
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- grid.411489.10000 0001 2168 2547Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Qinyue Jiang
- grid.412839.50000 0004 1771 3250Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anja Seckinger
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology & Laboratory for Myeloma Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk Hose
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology & Laboratory for Myeloma Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stadlbauer
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany ,grid.459693.4Institute of Medical Radiology, University Hospital St. Pölten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Chunyan Sun
- grid.412839.50000 0004 1771 3250Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Mei
- grid.412839.50000 0004 1771 3250Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Martin Pecherstorfer
- grid.488547.2Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Latifa Bakiri
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Genes & Disease Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna (MUW), Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin F. Wagner
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Genes & Disease Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna (MUW), Vienna, Austria ,grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Genes & Disease Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna (MUW), Vienna, Austria
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy ,grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Experimental Oncology Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Martin Sattler
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yu Hu
- grid.412839.50000 0004 1771 3250Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- grid.411489.10000 0001 2168 2547Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dirk Jaeger
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Podar
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.488547.2Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria ,grid.459693.4Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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25
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Wheaton JD, Ciofani M. JunB Controls Intestinal Effector Programs in Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:444. [PMID: 32296416 PMCID: PMC7137613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical mediators of immunological tolerance to both self and microbial antigens. Tregs activate context-dependent transcriptional programs to adapt effector function to specific tissues; however, the factors controlling tissue-specific gene expression in Tregs remain unclear. Here, we find that the AP-1 transcription factor JunB regulates the intestinal adaptation of Tregs by controlling select gene expression programs in multiple Treg subsets. Treg-specific ablation of JunB results in immune dysregulation characterized by enhanced colonic T helper cell accumulation and cytokine production. However, in contrast to its classical binding-partner BATF, JunB is dispensable for maintenance of effector Tregs as well as most specialized Treg subsets. In the Peyer's patches, JunB activates a transcriptional program facilitating the maintenance of CD25- Tregs, leading to the complete loss of T follicular regulatory cells in the absence of JunB. This defect is compounded by loss of a separate effector program found in both major colonic Treg subsets that includes the cytolytic effector molecule granzyme B. Therefore, JunB is an essential regulator of intestinal Treg effector function through pleiotropic effects on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Wheaton
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Maria Ciofani
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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26
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Hecker N, Hiller M. A genome alignment of 120 mammals highlights ultraconserved element variability and placenta-associated enhancers. Gigascience 2020; 9:giz159. [PMID: 31899510 PMCID: PMC6941714 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple alignments of mammalian genomes have been the basis of many comparative genomic studies aiming at annotating genes, detecting regions under evolutionary constraint, and studying genome evolution. A key factor that affects the power of comparative analyses is the number of species included in a genome alignment. RESULTS To utilize the increased number of sequenced genomes and to provide an accessible resource for genomic studies, we generated a mammalian genome alignment comprising 120 species. We used this alignment and the CESAR method to provide protein-coding gene annotations for 119 non-human mammals. Furthermore, we illustrate the utility of this alignment by 2 exemplary analyses. First, we quantified how variable ultraconserved elements (UCEs) are among placental mammals. Leveraging the high taxonomic coverage in our alignment, we estimate that UCEs contain on average 4.7%-15.6% variable alignment columns. Furthermore, we show that the center regions of UCEs are generally most constrained. Second, we identified enhancer sequences that are only conserved in placental mammals. We found that these enhancers are significantly associated with placenta-related genes, suggesting that some of these enhancers may be involved in the evolution of placental mammal-specific aspects of the placenta. CONCLUSION The 120-mammal alignment and all other data are available for analysis and visualization in a genome browser at https://genome-public.pks.mpg.de/and for download at https://bds.mpi-cbg.de/hillerlab/120MammalAlignment/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Hecker
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Noethnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Hiller
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Noethnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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27
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Sadri D, Farhadi S, Nourmohamadi P. Angiogenesis in odontogenic keratocyst and dentigerous cyst: Evaluation of JunB and VEGF expression. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2019; 16:327-332. [PMID: 31543939 PMCID: PMC6749858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, different clinical behaviors of odontogenic cysts, little information about their biological agents, importance of diagnosis, and early diagnosis of these lesions have encouraged the researchers to conduct new studies. JunB acts as a regulator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein production and affects vessel proliferation and tissue angiogenesis. Hence, this study was conducted to compare angiogenesis through VEGF and JunB expression in odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) and dentigerous cysts (DCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 25 paraffin blocks of OKCs and 25 DCs were included in this experimental descriptive cross-sectional study, and immunohistochemical expression of VEGF and JunB was evaluated. Percentage and score of expression were recorded for each sample, and independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman statistical tests were run to analyze the data. The statistical significance level was set at <0.05. RESULTS From 50 studied samples, 39.6% belonged to women and 60.4% belonged to men, with mean age of 34.2 ± 1.7 years. The mean percentages of JunB expression were 52.88 ± 17.35 and 74.6 ± 18.55 for DC and OKC samples, respectively. This expression was significantly higher in OKC than DC, and it had significantly higher scores as well (P = P = 0.0001 and 0.00033, respectively). The means of VEGF were 20.2% ±11.86 and 52.6% ±19.98 in DC and OKC samples, respectively. The mean VEGF expression was significantly higher in OKC than DC (P = 0.045), and it had significantly higher scores, too (P = 0.000). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between VEGF and JunB expression in the studied samples (rs = 0.3 and P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, it seems evaluation of angiogenesis through JunB expression can be helpful in the prediction of more aggressive behavior in pathologic lesions such as OKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia Sadri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Farhadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Sareh Farhadi, No.:9, 9th Neyestan Street, Pasdaran Street, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
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28
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JunB plays a crucial role in development of regulatory T cells by promoting IL-2 signaling. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1104-1117. [PMID: 31285535 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The AP-1 transcription factor JunB plays crucial roles in multiple biological processes, including placental formation and bone homeostasis. We recently reported that JunB is essential for development of Th17 cells, and thus Junb-deficient mice are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, the role of JunB in CD4+ T cells under other inflammatory disease conditions is unknown. Here we show that mice lacking JunB in CD4+ T cells (Junbfl/flCd4-Cre mice) were more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis because of impaired development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Production of interleukin (IL)-2 and expression of CD25, a high affinity IL-2 receptor component, were decreased in Junb-deficient CD4+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Naive CD4+ T cells from Junbfl/flCd4-Cre mice failed to differentiate into Treg cells in the absence of exogenously added IL-2 in vitro. A mixed bone marrow transfer experiment revealed that defective Treg development of Junb-deficient CD4+ T cells was not rescued by co-transferred wild-type cells, indicating a significance of the cell-intrinsic defect. Injection of IL-2-anti-IL-2 antibody complexes induced expansion of Treg cells and alleviated DSS-induced colitis in Junbfl/flCd4-Cre mice. Thus JunB plays a crucial role in the development of Treg cells by facilitating IL-2 signaling.
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29
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Outhwaite JE, Patel J, Simmons DG. Secondary Placental Defects in Cxadr Mutant Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 10:622. [PMID: 31338035 PMCID: PMC6628872 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (CXADR) is an adhesion molecule known for its role in virus-cell interactions, epithelial integrity, and organogenesis. Loss of Cxadr causes numerous embryonic defects in mice, notably abnormal development of the cardiovascular system, and embryonic lethality. While CXADR expression has been reported in the placenta, the precise cellular localization and function within this tissue are unknown. Since impairments in placental development and function can cause secondary cardiovascular abnormalities, a phenomenon referred to as the placenta-heart axis, it is possible placental phenotypes in Cxadr mutant embryos may underlie the reported cardiovascular defects and embryonic lethality. In the current study, we determine the cellular localization of placental Cxadr expression and whether there are placental abnormalities in the absence of Cxadr. In the placenta, CXADR is expressed specifically by trophoblast labyrinth progenitors as well as cells of the visceral yolk sac (YS). In the absence of Cxadr, we observed altered expression of angiogenic factors coupled with poor expansion of trophoblast and fetal endothelial cell subpopulations, plus diminished placental transport. Unexpectedly, preserving endogenous trophoblast Cxadr expression revealed the placental defects to be secondary to primary embryonic and/or YS phenotypes. Moreover, further tissue-restricted deletions of Cxadr suggest that the secondary placental defects are likely influenced by embryonic lineages such as the fetal endothelium or those within the extraembryonic YS vascular plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Outhwaite
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jatin Patel
- Translational Research Institute, UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David G Simmons
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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30
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Farhadi S, Sadri D, Nourmohamadi P. Angiogenesis in odontogenic keratocyst and dentigerous cyst: Evaluation of JunB and VEGF expression. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.266092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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31
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Martinez MF, Medrano S, Brown RI, Tufan T, Shang S, Bertoncello N, Guessoum O, Adli M, Belyea BC, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Gomez RA. Super-enhancers maintain renin-expressing cell identity and memory to preserve multi-system homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4787-4803. [PMID: 30130256 PMCID: PMC6205391 DOI: 10.1172/jci121361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renin cells are crucial for survival - they control fluid-electrolyte and blood pressure homeostasis, vascular development, regeneration, and oxygen delivery to tissues. During embryonic development, renin cells are progenitors for multiple cell types that retain the memory of the renin phenotype. When there is a threat to survival, those descendants are transformed and reenact the renin phenotype to restore homeostasis. We tested the hypothesis that the molecular memory of the renin phenotype resides in unique regions and states of these cells' chromatin. Using renin cells at various stages of stimulation, we identified regions in the genome where the chromatin is open for transcription, mapped histone modifications characteristic of active enhancers such as H3K27ac, and tracked deposition of transcriptional activators such as Med1, whose deletion results in ablation of renin expression and low blood pressure. Using the rank ordering of super-enhancers, epigenetic rewriting, and enhancer deletion analysis, we found that renin cells harbor a unique set of super-enhancers that determine their identity. The most prominent renin super-enhancer may act as a chromatin sensor of signals that convey the physiologic status of the organism, and is responsible for the transformation of renin cell descendants to the renin phenotype, a fundamental process to ensure homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Turan Tufan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephen Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Omar Guessoum
- Child Health Research Center
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Biology, and
| | - Mazhar Adli
- Child Health Research Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | - R. Ariel Gomez
- Child Health Research Center
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Biology, and
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Camm EJ, Botting KJ, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Near to One's Heart: The Intimate Relationship Between the Placenta and Fetal Heart. Front Physiol 2018; 9:629. [PMID: 29997513 PMCID: PMC6029139 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the fetal heart is exquisitely controlled by a multitude of factors, ranging from humoral to mechanical forces. The gatekeeper regulating many of these factors is the placenta, an external fetal organ. As such, resistance within the placental vascular bed has a direct influence on the fetal circulation and therefore, the developing heart. In addition, the placenta serves as the interface between the mother and fetus, controlling substrate exchange and release of hormones into both circulations. The intricate relationship between the placenta and fetal heart is appreciated in instances of clinical placental pathology. Abnormal umbilical cord insertion is associated with congenital heart defects. Likewise, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, where monochorionic twins have unequal sharing of their placenta due to inter-twin vascular anastomoses, can result in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in both fetuses. Moreover, epidemiological studies have suggested a link between placental phenotypic traits and increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adult life. To date, the mechanistic basis of the relationships between the placenta, fetal heart development and later risk of cardiac dysfunction have not been fully elucidated. However, studies using environmental exposures and gene manipulations in experimental animals are providing insights into the pathways involved. Likewise, surgical instrumentation of the maternal and fetal circulations in large animal species has enabled the manipulation of specific humoral and mechanical factors to investigate their roles in fetal cardiac development. This review will focus on such studies and what is known to date about the link between the placenta and heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Camm
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberley J Botting
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Forghany Z, Robertson F, Lundby A, Olsen JV, Baker DA. Control of endothelial cell tube formation by Notch ligand intracellular domain interactions with activator protein 1 (AP-1). J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1229-1242. [PMID: 29196606 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.819045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is a ubiquitous signal transduction pathway found in most if not all metazoan cell types characterized to date. It is indispensable for cell differentiation as well as tissue growth, tissue remodeling, and apoptosis. Although the canonical Notch signaling pathway is well characterized, accumulating evidence points to the existence of multiple, less well-defined layers of regulation. In this study, we investigated the function of the intracellular domain (ICD) of the Notch ligand Delta-like 4 (DLL4). We provide evidence that the DLL4 ICD is required for normal DLL4 subcellular localization. We further show that it is cleaved and interacts with the JUN proto-oncogene, which forms part of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex. Mechanistically, the DLL4 ICD inhibited JUN binding to DNA and thereby controlled the expression of JUN target genes, including DLL4 Our work further demonstrated that JUN strongly stimulates endothelial cell tube formation and that DLL4 constrains this process. These results raise the possibility that Notch/DLL4 signaling is bidirectional and suggest that the DLL4 ICD could represent a point of cross-talk between Notch and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Forghany
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands and
| | - Francesca Robertson
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands and
| | - Alicia Lundby
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research and.,the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - David A Baker
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands and
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Gormley M, Ona K, Kapidzic M, Garrido-Gomez T, Zdravkovic T, Fisher SJ. Preeclampsia: novel insights from global RNA profiling of trophoblast subpopulations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 217:200.e1-200.e17. [PMID: 28347715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maternal signs of preeclampsia, which include the new onset of high blood pressure, can occur because of faulty placentation. We theorized that transcriptomic analyses of trophoblast subpopulations in situ would lend new insights into the role of these cells in preeclampsia pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to enrich syncytiotrophoblasts, invasive cytotrophoblasts, or endovascular cytotrophoblasts from the placentas of severe preeclampsia cases. Total RNA was subjected to global transcriptional profiling to identify RNAs that were misexpressed compared with controls. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional analysis of placentas from women who had been diagnosed with severe preeclampsia. Gestational age-matched controls were placentas from women who had a preterm birth with no signs of infection. Laser microdissection enabled enrichment of syncytiotrophoblasts, invasive cytotrophoblasts, or endovascular cytotrophoblasts. After RNA isolation, a microarray approach was used for global transcriptional profiling. Immunolocalization identified changes in messenger RNA expression that carried over to the protein level. Differential expression of non-protein-coding RNAs was confirmed by in situ hybridization. A 2-way analysis of variance of non-coding RNA expression identified particular classes that distinguished trophoblasts in cases vs controls. Cajal body foci were visualized by coilin immunolocalization. RESULTS Comparison of the trophoblast subtype data within each group (severe preeclampsia or noninfected preterm birth) identified many highly differentially expressed genes. They included molecules that are known to be expressed by each subpopulation, which is evidence that the method worked. Genes that were expressed differentially between the 2 groups, in a cell-type-specific manner, encoded a combination of molecules that previous studies associated with severe preeclampsia and those that were not known to be dysregulated in this pregnancy complication. Gene ontology analysis of the syncytiotrophoblast data highlighted the dysregulation of immune functions, morphogenesis, transport, and responses to vascular endothelial growth factor and progesterone. The invasive cytotrophoblast data provided evidence of alterations in cellular movement, which is consistent with the shallow invasion often associated with severe preeclampsia. Other dysregulated pathways included immune, lipid, oxygen, and transforming growth factor-beta responses. The data for endovascular cytotrophoblasts showed disordered metabolism, signaling, and vascular development. Additionally, the transcriptional data revealed the differential expression in severe preeclampsia of 2 classes of non-coding RNAs: long non-coding RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs. The long non-coding RNA, urothelial cancer associated 1, was the most highly up-regulated in this class. In situ hybridization confirmed severe preeclampsia-associated expression in syncytiotrophoblasts. The small nucleolar RNAs, which chemically modify RNA structure, also correlated with severe preeclampsia. Thus, we enumerated Cajal body foci, sites of small nucleolar RNA activity, in primary cytotrophoblasts that were isolated from control and severe preeclampsia placentas. In severe preeclampsia, cytotrophoblasts had approximately double the number of these foci as the control samples. CONCLUSION A laser microdissection approach enabled the identification of novel messenger RNAs and non-coding RNAs that were misexpressed by various trophoblast subpopulations in severe preeclampsia. The results suggested new avenues of investigation, in particular, the roles of PRG2, Kell blood group determinants, and urothelial cancer associated 1 in syncytiotrophoblast diseases. Additionally, many of the newly identified dysregulated molecules might have clinical utility as biomarkers of severe preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gormley
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences; The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research; and the Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Katherine Ona
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences; The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research; and the Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mirhan Kapidzic
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences; The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research; and the Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Tamara Garrido-Gomez
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences; The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research; and the Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Tamara Zdravkovic
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences; The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research; and the Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences; The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research; and the Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placental explant culture is an important model for studying placental development and functions. We investigated the differences in placental gene expression in response to tissue culture, atmospheric and physiologic oxygen concentrations. METHODS Placental explants were collected from normal term (38-39 weeks of gestation) placentae with no previous uterine contractile activity. Placental transcriptomic expressions were evaluated with GeneChip® Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays (Affymetrix). RESULTS We uncovered sub-sets of genes that regulate response to stress, induction of apoptosis programmed cell death, mis-regulation of cell growth, proliferation, cell morphogenesis, tissue viability, and protection from apoptosis in cultured placental explants. We also identified a sub-set of genes with highly unstable pattern of expression after exposure to tissue culture. Tissue culture irrespective of oxygen concentration induced dichotomous increase in significant gene expression and increased enrichment of significant pathways and transcription factor targets (TFTs) including HIF1A. The effect was exacerbated by culture at atmospheric oxygen concentration, where further up-regulation of TFTs including PPARA, CEBPD, HOXA9 and down-regulated TFTs such as JUND/FOS suggest intrinsic heightened key biological and metabolic mechanisms such as glucose use, lipid biosynthesis, protein metabolism; apoptosis, inflammatory responses; and diminished trophoblast proliferation, differentiation, invasion, regeneration, and viability. DISCUSSION These findings demonstrate that gene expression patterns differ between pre-culture and cultured explants, and the gene expression of explants cultured at atmospheric oxygen concentration favours stressed, pro-inflammatory and increased apoptotic transcriptomic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Brew
- University of West London, Paragon House, Boston Manor Road, Brentford, Middlesex, TW8 9GA, UK.
| | - M H F Sullivan
- Institute of Reproductive & Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Yoshitomi Y, Ikeda T, Saito H, Yoshitake Y, Ishigaki Y, Hatta T, Kato N, Yonekura H. JunB regulates angiogenesis and neurovascular parallel alignment in mouse embryonic skin. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:916-926. [PMID: 28096474 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.196303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels and nerve fibers are often closely arranged in parallel throughout the body. Therefore, neurovascular interactions have been suggested to be important for the development of vascular networks. However, the molecular mechanisms and genes regulating this process remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the genes that are activated in endothelial cells (ECs) following interactions with neurons during vascular development. Microarray analyses of human primary microvascular ECs co-cultured with mouse primary dorsal root ganglion cells showed that JunB is strongly upregulated in ECs by neurovascular interactions. Furthermore, the forced expression of JunB in ECs stimulated a tip-like cell formation and angiogenesis in vitro and induced vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and the pro-angiogenic integrin subunit ITGB3 expression. Moreover, in vivo knockdown of JunB in ECs from developing mouse limb skin considerably decreased the parallel alignments of blood vessels and nerve fibers. Taken together, the present data demonstrates for the first time that JunB plays an important role in the formation of embryonic vascular networks. These results contribute to the molecular understanding of neurovascular interactions during embryonic vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Yoshitomi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ikeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hidehito Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshino Yoshitake
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Ishigaki
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Hatta
- Department of Anatomy, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kato
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hideto Yonekura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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Yoshida H, Okada M, Takebayashi-Suzuki K, Ueno N, Suzuki A. Involvement of JunB Proto-Oncogene in Tail Formation During Early Xenopus Embryogenesis. Zoolog Sci 2016; 33:282-9. [PMID: 27268982 DOI: 10.2108/zs150136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Integration of signaling pathways is important for the establishment of the body plan during embryogenesis. However, little is known about how the multiple signals interact to regulate morphogenesis. Here, we show that junb is expressed in the posterior neural plate and the caudal fin during Xenopus embryogenesis and that overexpression of wild-type JunB induces small head phenotypes and ectopic tail-like structures. A mutant form of JunB that lacked GSK3 and MAPK phosphorylation sites showed stronger tail-like structure-inducing activity than wild-type JunB. Moreover, the mutant JunB induced expression of tailbud and neural marker genes, but not somite and chordoneural hinge (CNH) marker genes in ectopic tail-like structures. In ectodermal explants of Xenopus embryos, overexpression of JunB increased the expression of tailbud and posterior marker genes including fgf3, xbra (t) and wnt8. These results indicate that JunB is capable of inducing the ectopic formation of tissues similar to the tailbud, and that the tailbud-inducing activity of JunB is likely to be regulated by FGF and Wnt pathways. Overall, our results suggest that JunB is a regulator of tail organization possibly through integration of several morphogen signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Yoshida
- 1 Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Maya Okada
- 1 Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kimiko Takebayashi-Suzuki
- 1 Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Naoto Ueno
- 2 Division of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.,3 Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- 1 Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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Imakawa K, Dhakal P, Kubota K, Kusama K, Chakraborty D, Karim Rumi MA, Soares MJ. CITED2 modulation of trophoblast cell differentiation: insights from global transcriptome analysis. Reproduction 2016; 151:509-16. [PMID: 26917451 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Trophoblast stem (TS) cells possess the capacity to differentiate along a multi-lineage pathway yielding several specialized cell types. The regulatory network controlling trophoblast cell differentiation is poorly understood. Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain, 2 (CITED2) has been implicated in the regulation of placentation; however, we know little about how CITED2 acts to influence trophoblast cells. Rat Rcho-1 TS cells can be manipulated to proliferate or differentiate into specialized trophoblast lineages and are an excellent model for investigating trophoblast differentiation. CITED2 transcript and protein showed a robust induction during Rcho-1 TS cell differentiation. We used an shRNA knockdown approach to disrupt CITED2 expression in order to investigate its involvement in trophoblast cell differentiation. RNA-sequencing was used to examine the impact of CITED2 on trophoblast cell differentiation. CITED2 disruption affected the differentiating trophoblast cell transcriptome. CITED2 possessed a prominent role in the regulation of cell differentiation with links to several signal transduction pathways and to hypoxia-regulated and coagulation processes. In summary, our findings indicate that CITED2 contributes to the regulation of trophoblast cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Animal BreedingThe University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineInstitute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Pramod Dhakal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineInstitute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Kaiyu Kubota
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineInstitute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Kazuya Kusama
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Animal BreedingThe University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Damayanti Chakraborty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineInstitute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - M A Karim Rumi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineInstitute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Michael J Soares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineInstitute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Kiesow K, Bennewitz K, Miranda LG, Stoll SJ, Hartenstein B, Angel P, Kroll J, Schorpp-Kistner M. Junb controls lymphatic vascular development in zebrafish via miR-182. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15007. [PMID: 26458334 PMCID: PMC4602192 DOI: 10.1038/srep15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
JUNB, a subunit of the AP-1 transcription factor complex, mediates gene regulation in response to a plethora of extracellular stimuli. Previously, JUNB was shown to act as a critical positive regulator of blood vessel development and homeostasis as well as a negative regulator of proliferation, inflammation and tumour growth. Here, we demonstrate that the oncogenic miR-182 is a novel JUNB target. Loss-of-function studies by morpholino-mediated knockdown and the CRISPR/Cas9 technology identify a novel function for both JUNB and its target miR-182 in lymphatic vascular development in zebrafish. Furthermore, we show that miR-182 attenuates foxo1 expression indicating that strictly balanced Foxo1 levels are required for proper lymphatic vascular development in zebrafish. In conclusion, our findings uncover with the Junb/miR-182/Foxo1 regulatory axis a novel key player in governing lymphatic vascular morphogenesis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Kiesow
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Katrin Bennewitz
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, D-68167, Germany.,Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Laura Gutierrez Miranda
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Sandra J Stoll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, D-68167, Germany.,Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Bettina Hartenstein
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, D-68167, Germany.,Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Marina Schorpp-Kistner
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
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Role of mouse Wdr13 in placental growth; a genetic evidence for lifetime body weight determination by placenta during development. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13371. [PMID: 26306915 PMCID: PMC4549788 DOI: 10.1038/srep13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental development is essential for implantation and growth of foetus in the uterus of eutherian mammals. Numerous growth factors are responsible for placental development and cell lineage differentiation. Gene knockout mice have shown role of various genes in the placenta. Here using Wdr13 knockout mice, we show that this gene is important for proper placental development. Wdr13, a X-linked gene, expresses in multiple trophoblast cell types of placenta and the mutant placenta had reduced size after 17.5 dpc due to reduction of junctional zone (JZ) and labyrinth zone (LZ). We observed reduction in levels of angiopoietin-2 and cd44 mRNA in Wdr13 mutant placenta as compared to that in the wild type. Our findings show that Wdr13 is required for normal placental development and cell differentiation. Wdr13 heterozygous female placenta when the mutant allele was of maternal origin showed similar defects as those in case of Wdr13 null placenta. Using two types of heterozygous females carrying either maternally and paternally derived mutant Wdr13 allele we provide genetic evidence that development of placenta determines body weight of mice for the entire life.
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Dynamic Regulation of AP-1 Transcriptional Complexes Directs Trophoblast Differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3163-77. [PMID: 26149388 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00118-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Placentation is a process that establishes the maternal-fetal interface and is required for successful pregnancy. The epithelial component of the placenta consists of trophoblast cells, which possess the capacity for multilineage differentiation and are responsible for placenta-specific functions. FOS-like antigen 1 (FOSL1), a component of AP-1 transcription factor complexes, contributes to the regulation of placental development. FOSL1 expression is restricted to trophoblast giant cells and invasive trophoblast cells. In the present study, we characterized the FOSL1 regulatory pathway in rat trophoblast cells. Transcriptome profiling in control and FOSL1 knockdown cells identified FOSL1-dependent gene sets linked to endocrine and invasive functions. FOSL1 was shown to occupy AP-1 binding sites within these gene loci, as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Complementary in vivo experiments using trophoblast-specific lentiviral delivery of FOSL1 short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) provided in vivo validation of FOSL1 targets. FOSL1 actions require a dimerization partner. Coimmunoprecipitation, coimmunolocalization, and ChIP analyses showed that FOSL1 interacts with JUNB and, to a lesser extent, JUN in differentiating trophoblast cells. Knockdown of FOSL1 and JUNB expression inhibited both endocrine and invasive properties of trophoblast cells. In summary, FOSL1 recruits JUNB to form AP-1 transcriptional complexes that specifically regulate the endocrine and invasive trophoblast phenotypes.
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Soares MJ, Chakraborty D, Kubota K, Renaud SJ, Rumi MAK. Adaptive mechanisms controlling uterine spiral artery remodeling during the establishment of pregnancy. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 58:247-59. [PMID: 25023691 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.140083ms] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Implantation of the embryo into the uterus triggers the initiation of hemochorial placentation. The hemochorial placenta facilitates the acquisition of maternal resources required for embryo/fetal growth. Uterine spiral arteries form the nutrient supply line for the placenta and fetus. This vascular conduit undergoes gestation stage-specific remodeling directed by maternal natural killer cells and embryo-derived invasive trophoblast lineages. The placentation site, including remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries, is shaped by environmental challenges. In this review, we discuss the cellular participants controlling pregnancy-dependent uterine spiral artery remodeling and mechanisms responsible for their development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Soares
- Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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Puscheck EE, Awonuga AO, Yang Y, Jiang Z, Rappolee DA. Molecular biology of the stress response in the early embryo and its stem cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 843:77-128. [PMID: 25956296 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2480-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress is normal during early embryogenesis and transient, elevated stress is commonplace. Stress in the milieu of the peri-implantation embryo is a summation of maternal hormones, and other elements of the maternal milieu, that signal preparedness for development and implantation. Examples discussed here are leptin, adrenaline, cortisol, and progesterone. These hormones signal maternal nutritional status and provide energy, but also signal stress that diverts maternal and embryonic energy from an optimal embryonic developmental trajectory. These hormones communicate endocrine maternal effects and local embryonic effects although signaling mechanisms are not well understood. Other in vivo stresses affect the embryo such as local infection and inflammation, hypoxia, environmental toxins such as benzopyrene, dioxin, or metals, heat shock, and hyperosmotic stress due to dehydration or diabetes. In vitro, stresses include shear during handling, improper culture media and oxygen levels, cryopreservation, and manipulations of the embryo to introduce sperm or mitochondria. We define stress as any stimulus that slows stem cell accumulation or diminishes the ability of cells to produce normal and sufficient parenchymal products upon differentiation. Thus stress deflects downwards the normal trajectories of development, growth and differentiation. Typically stress is inversely proportional to embryonic developmental and proliferative rates, but can be proportional to induction of differentiation of stem cells in the peri-implantation embryo. When modeling stress it is most interesting to produce a 'runting model' where stress exposures slow accumulation but do not create excessive apoptosis or morbidity. Windows of stress sensitivity may occur when major new embryonic developmental programs require large amounts of energy and are exacerbated if nutritional flow decreases and removes energy from the normal developmental programs and stress responses. These windows correspond to zygotic genome activation, the large mRNA program initiated at compaction, ion pumping required for cavitation, the differentiation of the first lineages, integration with the uterine environment at implantation, rapid proliferation of stem cells, and production of certain lineages which require the highest energy and are most sensitive to mitochondrial inhibition. Stress response mechanisms insure that stem cells for the early embryo and placenta survive at lower stress exposures, and that the organism survives through compensatory and prioritized stem cell differentiation, at higher stress exposures. These servomechanisms include a small set of stress enzymes from the 500 protein kinases in the kinome; the part of the genome coding for protein kinases that hierarchically regulate the activity of other proteins and enzymes. Important protein kinases that mediate the stress response of embryos and their stem cells are SAPK, p38MAPK, AMPK, PI3K, Akt, MEK1/2, MEKK4, PKA, IRE1 and PERK. These stress enzymes have cytosolic function in cell survival at low stress exposures and nuclear function in modifying transcription factor activity at higher stress exposures. Some of the transcription factors (TFs) that are most important in the stress response are JunC, JunB, MAPKAPs, ATF4, XBP1, Oct1, Oct4, HIFs, Nrf2/KEAP, NFKB, MT1, Nfat5, HSF1/2 and potency-maintaining factors Id2, Cdx2, Eomes, Sox2, Nanog, Rex1, and Oct4. Clearly the stress enzymes have a large number of cytosolic and nuclear substrates and the TFs regulate large numbers of genes. The interaction of stress enzymes and TFs in the early embryo and its stem cells are a continuing central focus of research. In vitro regulation of TFs by stress enzymes leads to reprogramming of the stem cell when stress diminishes stem cell accumulation. Since more differentiated product is produced by fewer cells, the process compensates for fewer cells. Coupled with stress-induced compensatory differentiation of stem cells is a tendency to prioritize differentiation by increasing the first essential lineage and decreasing later lineages. These mechanisms include stress enzymes that regulate TFs and provide stress-specific, shared homeostatic cellular and organismal responses of prioritized differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Puscheck
- Department of Ob/Gyn, REI Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Fontana MF, Baccarella A, Pancholi N, Pufall MA, Herbert DR, Kim CC. JUNB is a key transcriptional modulator of macrophage activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:177-86. [PMID: 25472994 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Activated macrophages are crucial for restriction of microbial infection but may also promote inflammatory pathology in a wide range of both infectious and sterile conditions. The pathways that regulate macrophage activation are therefore of great interest. Recent studies in silico have putatively identified key transcription factors that may control macrophage activation, but experimental validation is lacking. In this study, we generated a macrophage regulatory network from publicly available microarray data, employing steps to enrich for physiologically relevant interactions. Our analysis predicted a novel relationship between the AP-1 family transcription factor Junb and the gene Il1b, encoding the pyrogen IL-1β, which macrophages express upon activation by inflammatory stimuli. Previously, Junb has been characterized primarily as a negative regulator of the cell cycle, whereas AP-1 activity in myeloid inflammatory responses has largely been attributed to c-Jun. We confirmed experimentally that Junb is required for full expression of Il1b, and of additional genes involved in classical inflammation, in macrophages treated with LPS and other immunostimulatory molecules. Furthermore, Junb modulates expression of canonical markers of alternative activation in macrophages treated with IL-4. Our results demonstrate that JUNB is a significant modulator of both classical and alternative macrophage activation. Further, this finding provides experimental validation for our network modeling approach, which will facilitate the future use of gene expression data from open databases to reveal novel, physiologically relevant regulatory relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Fontana
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Alyssa Baccarella
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Nidhi Pancholi
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Miles A Pufall
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - De'Broski R Herbert
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Charles C Kim
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
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Knott JG, Paul S. Transcriptional regulators of the trophoblast lineage in mammals with hemochorial placentation. Reproduction 2014; 148:R121-36. [PMID: 25190503 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian reproduction is critically dependent on the trophoblast cell lineage, which assures proper establishment of maternal-fetal interactions during pregnancy. Specification of trophoblast cell lineage begins with the development of the trophectoderm (TE) in preimplantation embryos. Subsequently, other trophoblast cell types arise with the progression of pregnancy. Studies with transgenic animal models as well as trophoblast stem/progenitor cells have implicated distinct transcriptional and epigenetic regulators in trophoblast lineage development. This review focuses on our current understanding of transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms regulating specification, determination, maintenance and differentiation of trophoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Knott
- Developmental Epigenetics LaboratoryDepartment of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineInstitute of Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Soumen Paul
- Developmental Epigenetics LaboratoryDepartment of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineInstitute of Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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Nanjidsuren T, Min KS. The transcription factor Ap-1 regulates monkey 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase promoter activity in CHO cells. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:71. [PMID: 25073972 PMCID: PMC4118612 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monkey 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD) is a catabolic enzyme responsible for converting progesterone into biologically inactive 20α-hydroxyprogesterone, thereby playing a key role in the estrous cycle or pregnancy and allowing ovulation and parturition to occur in most mammalian animals. Monkey 20α-HSD was highly abundant in ovarian and placental tissues during the pre-ovulation and pre-parturition phase and was primarily localized in the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta. In this study, we focused on the molecular characterization of the monkey 20α-HSD promoter region by conducting reporter assays in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) K1 cells. Results A reporter assay using constructs of various lengths of the 5′-flanking region (-890-Luc, -513-Luc, -306-Luc, -273-Luc, and -70-Luc) revealed that a region corresponding to the activator protein 1 (Ap-1) located between -281 and -274 bp was essential for the transcriptional activity. Absence of the Ap-1 site in -273-Luc dramatically decreased the transcription levels to the control levels. When the reporter constructs were co-transfected with Ap-1 (Jun) and specificity protein (Sp-1) genes, the transcription activities of the constructs increased with the exception of -273 and -70, while that of the double construct was reduced compared to that of Ap-1 alone. Furthermore, mutational analysis demonstrated that a putative Ap-1 site played an important role in the expression of the reporter gene. These findings were confirmed by EMSA examining the interactions of the protein Ap-1 in a nuclear extract from CHO-K1 cells and the expression levels of the Ap-1 transcription factor in pre-parturition placenta and CHO-K1 cells. Although mut-1 and mut-2 of Ap-1 bound with nuclear extracts from CHO-K1 cells, the transcriptional activity of mut-3 was almost completely suppressed. Conclusions Our results indicate that the Ap-1 site (-281 → -274) (5′-TGTCTCAT-3′) plays a crucial role in the activation of the monkey 20α-HSD gene. Thus, we demonstrated that monkey 20α-HSD promoter activity is regulated by the transcription factor Ap-1 in CHO-K1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bio and Information Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 456-749, Republic of Korea.
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Nuzzo AM, Giuffrida D, Zenerino C, Piazzese A, Olearo E, Todros T, Rolfo A. JunB/cyclin-D1 imbalance in placental mesenchymal stromal cells derived from preeclamptic pregnancies with fetal-placental compromise. Placenta 2014; 35:483-90. [PMID: 24780198 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the present study, we characterized the expression of Activating Protein 1 (AP-1) factors, key cell cycle regulators, in primary placental mesenchymal stromal cells (PDMSCs) derived from normal and preeclamptic (PE) pregnancies with fetal-placental compromise. METHODS PDMSCs were isolated from control (n = 20) and preeclamptic (n = 24) placentae. AP-1 expression was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sqRT-PCR), Real Time PCR and Western Blot assay. PDMSCs were plated and JunB siRNA was performed. JunB and Cyclin-D1 expression were assessed by Real Time and Western Blot analyses. RESULTS JunB expression was significantly increased while Cyclin-D1 expression was significantly down-regulated in PE relative to control PDMSCs. JunB siRNA was accompanied by JunB down-regulation and increased Cyclin-D1 in normal PDMSCs. CONCLUSIONS We described, for the first time, AP-1 expression in PDMSCs derived from physiological and PE placentae. Importantly, we demonstrated that JunB over-expression in PE-PDMSCs affects Cyclin-D1 regulation. Our data suggest a possible contribution of these pathological placental cells to the altered cell cycle regulation typical of preeclamptic placentae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Nuzzo
- Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - D Giuffrida
- Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - C Zenerino
- Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Piazzese
- Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - E Olearo
- Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - T Todros
- Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Rolfo
- Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Overlapping DNA methylation profile between placentas with trisomy 16 and early-onset preeclampsia. Placenta 2014; 35:216-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tuteja G, Moreira KB, Chung T, Chen J, Wenger AM, Bejerano G. Automated discovery of tissue-targeting enhancers and transcription factors from binding motif and gene function data. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003449. [PMID: 24499934 PMCID: PMC3907286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying enhancers regulating gene expression remains an important and challenging task. While recent sequencing-based methods provide epigenomic characteristics that correlate well with enhancer activity, it remains onerous to comprehensively identify all enhancers across development. Here we introduce a computational framework to identify tissue-specific enhancers evolving under purifying selection. First, we incorporate high-confidence binding site predictions with target gene functional enrichment analysis to identify transcription factors (TFs) likely functioning in a particular context. We then search the genome for clusters of binding sites for these TFs, overcoming previous constraints associated with biased manual curation of TFs or enhancers. Applying our method to the placenta, we find 33 known and implicate 17 novel TFs in placental function, and discover 2,216 putative placenta enhancers. Using luciferase reporter assays, 31/36 (86%) tested candidates drive activity in placental cells. Our predictions agree well with recent epigenomic data in human and mouse, yet over half our loci, including 7/8 (87%) tested regions, are novel. Finally, we establish that our method is generalizable by applying it to 5 additional tissues: heart, pancreas, blood vessel, bone marrow, and liver. Enhancers are distal gene regulatory elements that can activate tissue- and time-point specific gene expression. Identification of active enhancers is challenging, and is the subject of intense investigation. We developed an automated computational framework to predict transcription factors (TFs) and enhancers that target a tissue of interest by combining two growing resources: TF binding motifs and target gene function annotations. We applied our framework to the placenta, and confirmed our enhancer predictions are more active in placental cell types than others. To demonstrate generalizability, we applied our approach to 5 additional tissues. The combination of experimental sampling with computational prediction approaches will aid in the identification of those enhancers that are most likely active in a particular tissue, as well as the characterization of groups of TFs associated with these enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetu Tuteja
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Betancourt Moreira
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Tisha Chung
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jenny Chen
- Biomedical Informatics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Aaron M. Wenger
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Gill Bejerano
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hatt L, Brinch M, Singh R, Møller K, Lauridsen RH, Uldbjerg N, Huppertz B, Christensen B, Kølvraa S. Characterization of Fetal Cells from the Maternal Circulation by Microarray Gene Expression Analysis - Could the Extravillous Trophoblasts Be a Target for Future Cell-Based Non-Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis? Fetal Diagn Ther 2013; 35:218-27. [DOI: 10.1159/000356073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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