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Campos-Garzón P, Stewart T, Palma-Leal X, Molina-García J, Herrador-Colmenero M, Schipperijn J, Chillón P, Barranco-Ruiz Y. Are Spanish adolescents who actively commute to and from school more active in other domains? A spatiotemporal investigation. Health Place 2024; 86:103211. [PMID: 38428065 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
We examined the association between mode of commuting to/from school (i.e., walking, multimodal, and motorized-vehicle) and movement behaviours in several space-time domains (i.e., total day, home, school, transport, and other locations). Walking to and/or from school was associated with higher MVPA in all space-time domains except home, where no associations were found. After subtracting commuting time to/from school from total day domain, the associations in favour of walking to/from school were maintained compared to those using other commuting modes, and in transport domain these associations dissipated. The study suggests the importance of promoting walking to/from school for increasing MVPA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Campos-Garzón
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - T Stewart
- Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - X Palma-Leal
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; IRyS Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña Del Mar, Chile
| | - J Molina-García
- AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Physical Education, Arts and Music, University of Valencia, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-UJI-UV, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Herrador-Colmenero
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; La Inmaculada Teacher Training Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J Schipperijn
- Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Chillón
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Y Barranco-Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Ewens M, Carroll C, Guenther E. Motivations and barriers to exercise among clinicians. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:277-285. [PMID: 36576254 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2162938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
According to Kirk & Rhodes (2011), Nooijen et al. (2018), and Saridi et al. (2019), the motivators and barriers to exercise are influenced by one's occupation, especially among those in the healthcare field. We sought to examine the barriers and motivators to physical activity that are distinctive to clinicians. Community hospital clinicians were surveyed regarding motivators and barriers to exercise that they experience, their burnout levels as described by an adaptation of the Mini-Z single item burnout scale, and average weekly exercise habits. The top barriers and motivators were then correlated to burnout levels, levels of physical activity, and demographics. We received 64 total responses from clinicians. The overall average level of burnout was 2.37 and the median level was 2. Approximately 38% of clinicians reported adhering to American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines of 150 minutes of exercise per week, while 33% of clinicians exercise <75 minutes per week. The top general motivator was for one's own well-being and the top clinician-related motivator was reducing stress. The top two barriers to exercise were COVID-19 concerns at an indoor exercise facility and a lack of time. Higher average levels of burnout were experienced by those who marked being too stressed or too burnt out as barriers to exercise. Because of clinicians' roles in propagating healthy practices in their patients from their own habits, wellness programs should be aimed at capitalizing motivators to combat barriers that this group distinctively experiences. Efforts to improve physical and mental wellness among clinicians will translate into better provider and patient health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ewens
- COMP-NW, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA
| | - C Carroll
- Woodland Clinic Medical Group, CommonSpirit Health, Woodland, CA, USA
| | - E Guenther
- COMP-NW, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA
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Yoshikawa T, Sasaki KI, Adachi H, Kakuma T, Hatada-Katakabe S, Takata Y, Fukumoto Y. Weakened Grip Strength Over 40 Years in a Community-Dwelling Cohort in Tanushimaru, Japan. Kurume Med J 2023; 68:191-200. [PMID: 37316292 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms6834005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An epidemiological survey has been periodically performed since 1977 among the adult population in Tanushimaru, a typical farming town in Japan. We aimed in this study to retrospectively investigate changes of grip strength (GS) and its correlates over 40 years in the same cohort of community-dwelling adults. We used pooled data from the survey to deduce essential correlates of GS in community-dwelling adults. METHODS We retrospectively compared serial correlates of GS in the adult population in Tanushimaru between a population tested in 1977 and 1979 (Cohort A, n=2,452) and another population tested in 2016 and 2018 (Cohort B, n=1,505), to identify essential correlates of GS for investigating changes in GS during the past 40 years in community-dwelling adults. RESULTS Age, height, weight, and the occupation of the subjects remained as correlates of GS in both genders during the past 40 years. In males, abdominal circumference also remained as a correlate of GS. Serum albumin levels in males and systolic blood pressure in females were identified as new correlates. GS after adjustment for the above correlates weakened in both genders, and the serial change in GS was particularly remarkable in subjects whose occupations were Class-1 and Class-2, which were defined as moderately hard work. CONCLUSIONS From a periodically-performed epidemiological survey of a community-dwelling cohort in a Japanese typical farming town, age, height, weight, and occupation were deduced as essential correlates of GS. GS in the community dwelling cohort weakened in both genders over 40 years, possibly affected by their occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yoshikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Ken-Ichiro Sasaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Hisashi Adachi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | | | - Sachiko Hatada-Katakabe
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Yuuki Takata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
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Evans JT, Stanesby O, Blizzard L, Jose K, Sharman MJ, Ball K, Greaves S, Palmer AJ, Cooper K, Gall SL, Cleland VJ. trips4health: a single-blinded randomised controlled trial incentivising adult public transport use for physical activity gain. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:98. [PMID: 37587424 PMCID: PMC10428598 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public transport users tend to accumulate more physical activity than non-users; however, whether physical activity is increased by financially incentivising public transport use is unknown. The trips4health study aimed to determine the impact of an incentive-based public transport intervention on physical activity. METHODS A single-blinded randomised control trial of a 16-week incentive-based intervention involved Australian adults who were infrequent bus users (≥ 18 years; used bus ≤ 2 times/week) split equally into intervention and control groups. The intervention group were sent weekly motivational text messages and awarded smartcard bus credit when targets were met. The intervention group and control group received physical activity guidelines. Accelerometer-measured steps/day (primary outcome), self-reported transport-related physical activity (walking and cycling for transport) and total physical activity (min/week and MET-min/week) outcomes were assessed at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS Due to the COVID pandemic, the trial was abandoned prior to target sample size achievement and completion of all assessments (N = 110). Steps/day declined in both groups, but by less in the intervention group [-557.9 steps (-7.9%) vs.-1018.3 steps/week (-13.8%)]. In the intervention group, transport-related physical activity increased [80.0 min/week (133.3%); 264.0 MET-min/week (133.3%)] while total physical activity levels saw little change [35.0 min/week (5.5%); 25.5 MET-min/week (1.0%)]. Control group transport-related physical activity decreased [-20.0 min/week (-27.6%); -41.3 MET-min/week (-17.3%)], but total physical activity increased [260.0 min/week (54.5%); 734.3 MET-min/week (37.4%)]. CONCLUSION This study found evidence that financial incentive-based intervention to increase public transport use is effective in increasing transport-related physical activity These results warrant future examination of physical activity incentives programs in a fully powered study with longer-term follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry August 14th, 2019: ACTRN12619001136190; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377914&isReview=true.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Evans
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Oliver Stanesby
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Kim Jose
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Melanie J Sharman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Kylie Ball
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Stephen Greaves
- Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Palmer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | | | - Seana L Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Verity J Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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López-Bueno R, Andersen LL, Calatayud J, Casaña J, Martínez-Jarreta B, López-Gil JF, Del Pozo Cruz B. Association of occupational physical activity and disability pension in 756,159 Spanish workers: A prospective cohort study with 13 years follow-up. Prev Med 2023; 166:107380. [PMID: 36495922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent research from Nordic countries identified occupational physical activity (OPA) as a risk factor for disability pension, but further research accounting for exhaustive analyses in novel populations is warranted. Our objective was to assess the association between OPA and disability pension using administrative data. This prospective registry-based cohort study used data from the Spanish Continuous Working Life Sample (CWLS). Participants were followed up from baseline (January 1, 2006) to first event of disability pension, mortality, or end of follow-up (September 1, 2019). The assessment of OPA was based on registers of economic activity and their correspondence with a validated OPA index. To examine the association between OPA and disability pension, adjusted proportional hazard, and Fine-Gray models using mortality as competing risk were conducted. We retrieved data from 756,159 workers (57.7% men) with an average age of 38.5 years (SD 11.9). During 13.6 years from baseline to the end of follow-up (9,463,041 person-years), 18,191 men (4.2%) and 9631 (3.0%) women received a disability pension. In the fully adjusted model, participants exposed to higher levels of OPA showed higher risk for disability pension in an exposure-response fashion. Men and women exposed to very high OPA showed the highest HR for disability pension (2.31 [95% CI, 2.17 to 2.46] and 1.68 [95% CI, 1.56 to 1.81], respectively. These results warrant preventative measures to address early involuntary exit from the labour market in workers exposed to high physical work demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Calatayud
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - José Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Centre for Active and Healthy Ageing, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Swelam BA, Verswijveren SJJM, Salmon J, Arundell L, Ridgers ND. Exploring activity compensation amongst youth and adults: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:25. [PMID: 35279187 PMCID: PMC8917655 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, significant efforts have focused on increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour in youth and adults across a range of settings (e.g., schools, workplaces, community, and home). Despite this, interventions have had varied efficacy and typically have failed to sustain changes in behaviours over time. One explanation that has been put forth to explain the mixed success of interventions is activity compensation. However, little is known about activity compensation, including whether compensation occurs, and perceptions and potential mechanisms of activity compensation. Understanding activity compensation would assist in tailoring and targeting of potential intervention strategies. The primary aim of this review was to synthesise research that has investigated activity compensation in youth and adults. The secondary aim was to identify potential reasons for and/or awareness of compensatory changes that may have occurred. METHODS An electronic search of the EBSCOhost (via Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, Education Source, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, PsycINFO, SPORTdiscus with Full Text), MEDLINE Complete, Global Health, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science databases up to May 2021 was conducted. Quality assessment of included quantitative studies used a modified compensation-specific McMaster Quality Assessment Tool. RESULTS A total of 44 studies met the inclusion criteria (22 = adult populations; 22 = youth populations) and were classified as (1) quantitative (n = 31); (2) combination of quantitative and behavioural (n = 11); (3) behavioural only (n = 1); and (4) qualitative (n = 1). Of the 42 studies that included a quantitative component, 11 (26%) reported compensation occurred. Within the 13 studies examining specific behaviours, 35 behaviours were assessed, and evidence of compensation was inconsistent. Compensation mechanisms included fatigue, time constraints, lack of motivation, drive to be inactive, fear of overexertion, and autonomous motivation. CONCLUSION Little evidence of compensation was reported in the included quantitative studies; however, inconsistencies between studies makes comparisons difficult. There was considerable variability in the types of behaviours assessed in quantitative studies, and few studies examined potential compensatory mechanisms. Future research, using compensation specific study designs, methods, and analytic techniques, within different population sub-groups, should address these evidence gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Swelam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Simone J J M Verswijveren
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Lauren Arundell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Nicola D Ridgers
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
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de Juan A, Barrio Anta G, Caballero P, Gea MT, Ronda-Pérez E. [Health risk behaviors by occupation in working population in Spain]. GACETA SANITARIA 2021; 36:301-308. [PMID: 34924218 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the variations in the prevalence of different health risk behaviors according to occupation in working population in Spain. METHOD Cross-sectional study with data from the Spanish National Health Survey of 2017. The analysis includes adults between 18 and 65 years with employment at the time of the survey. Health risk behaviors are obesity, physical inactivity in free time, tobacco consumption and excessive alcohol consumption. The primary explanatory variable is the occupation, using the National Classification of Occupations of 2011. Sociodemographic characteristics are gender, age, country of birth and educational level. The prevalences (P) of risk behaviors have been calculated, as well as the odd and adjusted odds ratios (aOR). RESULTS The highest figures of obesity are observed in operators of installations and machinery and assemblers (P: 20.0%; ORa: 1.26; A95%CI: 1.04-1.52). The higher level of physical inactivity during free time appears in elementary occupations (P: 83.4%; ORa: 1.70; A95%CI: 1.45-1.99). Tobacco consumption is higher in operators of installations and machinery and assemblies (P: 37.4%; ORa: 1.22; A95%CI: 1.05-1.43). Excessive alcohol consumption appears to a greater extent on skilled workers in the agricultural sector, livestock, forestry and fisheries (P: 3.9%; ORa: 1.51; A95%CI: 0.83-2.75). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a greater relationship between risk behaviors for health and manual or lower-skilled occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba de Juan
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Hospital Universitario de San Juan de Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, España.
| | - Gregorio Barrio Anta
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Madrid, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España
| | - Pablo Caballero
- Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España
| | - María Teresa Gea
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Hospital Universitario de San Juan de Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, España
| | - Elena Ronda-Pérez
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Madrid, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España
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Veronda AC, Kline CE, Irish LA. The impact of circadian timing on energy balance: an extension of the energy balance model. Health Psychol Rev 2021; 16:161-203. [PMID: 34387140 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2021.1968310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A significant proportion of the population is classified as having overweight or obesity. One framework which has attempted to explain biobehavioral mechanisms influencing the development of overweight and obesity is the energy balance model. According to this model, the body continually attempts to balance energy intake with energy expenditure. When energy intake and energy expenditure become imbalanced, there is an increase in homeostatic and allostatic pressure, generally to either increase energy intake or decrease energy expenditure, so as to restore energy homeostasis.Recent research has indicated that circadian aspects of energy intake and energy expenditure may influence energy balance. This paper provides a narrative review of existing evidence of the role of circadian timing on components of energy balance. Research on the timing of food intake, physical activity, and sleep indicates that unhealthy timing is likely to increase risk of weight gain. Public health guidelines focus on how much individuals eat and sleep, what foods are consumed, and the type and frequency of exercise, but the field of circadian science has begun to demonstrate that when these behaviors occur may also influence overweight and obesity prevention and treatment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Veronda
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Christopher E Kline
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leah A Irish
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.,Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, ND, USA
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Wolff MB, O'Connor PJ, Wilson MG, Gay JL. Associations Between Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Employee Stress, Burnout and Well-Being Among Healthcare Industry Workers. Am J Health Promot 2021; 35:957-965. [PMID: 34105386 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211011372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Examine the associations of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with job stress, burnout, and well-being among healthcare industry workers. DESIGN Quantitative; cross-sectional. SETTING Healthcare Industry. SAMPLE US Amazon Mechanical Turk participants (n = 550) employed in the healthcare industry, worked 35 hours or more per week, had ≥ 1 supervisor and ≥ 1 co-worker, and were ≥ 18 years old. MEASURES Self-reported measures of occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), employee well-being, job stress, and burnout operationalized as exhaustion and disengagement. ANALYSIS Associations between OPA and LTPA with employee well-being, job stress, exhaustion and disengagement were assessed with separate multiple linear regression models. RESULTS OPA had positive significant associations with job stress (β = 0.10, P value = .003) and exhaustion (β = 0.21, P value < .0001). No significant associations were found between OPA with other psychological outcomes. A significant inverse association was found between LTPA and exhaustion (β = -0.04, P value = .007). CONCLUSION In a sample of U.S. health care workers, and consistent with prior epidemiological studies, greater LTPA was associated with lower feelings of exhaustion. In contrast, health care workers with greater OPA reported higher perceptions of job stress and exhaustion. The findings underscore the need for more research aimed at understanding relationships between OPA and psychological health among healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Batan Wolff
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, 1355University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Health Sciences Campus, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Mark G Wilson
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, 1355University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Health Sciences Campus, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Gay
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, 1355University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Health Sciences Campus, Athens, GA, USA
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Torquati L, Mielke GI, Kolbe-Alexander TL, Brown WJ. Associations between indicators of energy intake and expenditure with excess weight and obesity among women in sedentary and less-sedentary jobs. Prev Med 2021; 147:106507. [PMID: 33667468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the associations between indicators of energy intake and expenditure with excess weight and obesity in women who work full-time in sedentary and less sedentary jobs. Data were from 3444 participants the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, who reported their weight, dietary intake, physical activity and occupation in 2009 (baseline), and weight in 2012 (follow-up). Participants were categorised as being in a 'less sedentary' or 'sedentary' job, based on occupational activity patterns. Odds of excess weight (BMI ≥ 25) at baseline and of being obese (BMI ≥ 30) at follow-up, by indicators of energy intake and expenditure, were compared in the two occupational groups. In multivariate analyses, high non-work sitting time and saturated fat intake were associated with increased odds of obesity at 3-year follow-up in both occupational groups. In the sedentary job group, high physical activity (in leisure and transport) was associated with a 51% reduction in odds of obesity (OR 0.49, 95%CI 0.25-0.97). In the less-sedentary job group, energy intake and high soft drink consumption were associated with markedly increased odds of obesity (OR 1.67 95%CI 1.07-2.61; OR 2.08 95%CI1.42-3.05, respectively). In this cohort of young Australian women, sedentariness at work did not markedly affect the prevalence of excess weight or obesity. Indicators of high energy intake and low energy expenditure were associated with increased odds of both excess weight and obesity, regardless of sedentariness of occupational group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Torquati
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Centre for Research in Exercise, Physical Activity, and Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Gregore I Mielke
- Centre for Research in Exercise, Physical Activity, and Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tracy L Kolbe-Alexander
- Centre for Research in Exercise, Physical Activity, and Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia; Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town
| | - Wendy J Brown
- Centre for Research in Exercise, Physical Activity, and Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Dalene KE, Tarp J, Selmer RM, Ariansen IKH, Nystad W, Coenen P, Anderssen SA, Steene-Johannessen J, Ekelund U. Occupational physical activity and longevity in working men and women in Norway: a prospective cohort study. LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 6:e386-e395. [PMID: 33932334 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that high occupational physical activity increases mortality risk. However, it is unclear whether this association is causal or can be explained by a complex network of socioeconomic and behavioural factors. We aimed to examine the association between occupational physical activity and longevity, taking a complex network of confounding variables into account. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, we linked data from Norwegian population-based health examination surveys, covering all parts of Norway with data from the National Population and Housing Censuses and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. 437 378 participants (aged 18-65 years; 48·7% men) self-reported occupational physical activity (mutually exclusive groups: sedentary, walking, walking and lifting, and heavy labour) and were followed up from study entry (between February, 1974, and November, 2002) to death or end of follow-up on Dec 31, 2018, whichever came first. We estimated differences in survival time (death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer) between occupational physical activity categories using flexible parametric survival models adjusted for confounding factors. FINDINGS During a median of 28 years (IQR 25-31) from study entry to the end of follow-up, 74 203 (17·0%) of the participants died (all-cause mortality), of which 20 111 (27·1%) of the deaths were due to cardiovascular disease and 29 886 (40·3%) were due to cancer. Crude modelling indicated shorter mean survival times among men in physically active occupations than in those with sedentary occupations. However, this finding was reversed following adjustment for confounding factors (birth cohort, education, income, ethnicity, prevalent cardiovascular disease, smoking, leisure-time physical activity, body-mass index), with estimates suggesting that men in occupations characterised by walking, walking and lifting, and heavy labour had life expectancies equivalent to 0·4 (95% CI -0·1 to 1·0), 0·8 (0·3 to 1·3), and 1·7 (1·2 to 2·3) years longer, respectively, than men in the sedentary referent category. Results for mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer showed a similar pattern. No clear differences in survival times were observed between occupational physical activity groups in women. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that moderate to high occupational physical activity contributes to longevity in men. However, occupational physical activity does not seem to affect longevity in women. These results might inform future physical activity guidelines for public health. FUNDING The Norwegian Research Council (grant number 249932/F20).
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jakob Tarp
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi Marie Selmer
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Wenche Nystad
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pieter Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Shiri R, Halonen J, Serlachius A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Raitakari OT, Vahtera J, Viikari J, Lallukka T. Work participation and physicality of work in young adulthood and the development of unhealthy lifestyle habits and obesity later in life: a prospective cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2020; 78:oemed-2020-106526. [PMID: 33055175 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of early entry into the labour market and physicality of work in young adulthood on the development of obesity and unhealthy lifestyle habits later in life. METHODS This study is a part of the Young Finns Study. Entry into the labour market and physicality of work were measured at baseline, when participants were aged 18, 21, or 24 years in 1986 or 18 years in 1989. Follow-up of lifestyle habits were conducted in 2001, 2007 and 2011. The outcomes were obesity (n=5558 observations), abdominal obesity (n=4060 observations), daily smoking (n=5628) and leisure time physical activity (n=5946) and analysed with generalised estimating equation. RESULTS Compared with sedentary work, physicality of work in young adulthood increased the odds of future obesity (adjusted OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.74 for light/moderate work and OR=1.44, 95% CI 0.99 to 2.08 for heavy manual work (particularly in women OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.84)) and future smoking (OR=1.79, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.30 for light/moderate work and OR=2.01, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.76 for heavy manual work (particularly in women OR=2.81, 95% CI 1.60 to 4.91)). For those who entered the labour market at ages 18-21 or younger, the odds of smoking was 1.85 times (95% CI 1.26 to 2.73) and that of obesity 1.45 times (95% CI 1.01 to 2.10) higher, and the rate of leisure time physical activity was 0.73 times (95% CI 0.58 to 0.93) lower compared with those who entered the labour market at ages 22-24 years. CONCLUSION Early entry into the labour market and physicality of work in young adulthood shape the development of obesity and unhealthy behaviours in later adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Halonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Serlachius
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Nooijen CFJ, Blom V, Ekblom Ö, Heiland EG, Larisch LM, Bojsen-Møller E, Ekblom MM, Kallings LV. The effectiveness of multi-component interventions targeting physical activity or sedentary behaviour amongst office workers: a three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1329. [PMID: 32873260 PMCID: PMC7466462 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions to increase physical activity or reduce sedentary behaviour within the workplace setting have shown mixed effects. This cluster randomised controlled trial assessed whether multi-component interventions, focusing on changes at the individual, environmental, and organisational levels, either increased physical activity or reduced sedentary behaviour, compared to a passive control group. METHODS Teams of office-workers from two companies participated in one of two interventions (iPA: targeting physical activity; or iSED: targeting sedentary behaviour), or wait-list control group (C). Exclusion criterion was very high physical activity level (MVPA ≥30 min/day in ≥10 min bouts every day). Randomisation occurred at the level of workplace cluster, and groups were randomly allocated (1:1) with stratification for company and cluster size. Personnel involved in data collection and processing were blinded to group allocation. Both interventions included five sessions of cognitive behavioural therapy counselling for 6 months. iPA included counselling focused on physical activity, access to a gym, and encouragement to exercise, and go for lunch walks. iSED included counselling on sedentary behaviour and encouragement to reduce sitting and increase engagement in standing- and walking-meetings. At baseline and the 6-month mark accelerometers were worn on the hip and thigh for 7 days. The primary outcomes were group differences in time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (%MVPA) and in sedentary behaviour (%), analysed using Bayesian multilevel modelling for those with complete data. RESULTS Two-hundred and sixty three office workers (73% women, mean age 42 ± 9 years, education 15 ± 2 years) were randomised into 23 cluster teams (iPA n = 84, 8 clusters; iSED n = 87, 7 clusters; C n = 92, 7 clusters). No significant group differences (posterior mean ratios: 95% credible interval) were found after the intervention for %MVPA or for %Sedentary. %MVPA: iPA vs C (0·04: - 0·80-0·82); iSED vs C (0·47: - 0·41-1·32); iPA vs iSED (0·43: - 0·42-1·27). %Sedentary: iPA vs C (1·16: - 1·66-4·02); iSED vs C (- 0·44: - 3·50-2·64); iPA vs iSED (- 1·60: - 4·72-1·47). CONCLUSIONS The multi-component interventions focusing on either physical activity or sedentary behaviour were unsuccessful at increasing device-measured physical activity or reducing sedentary behaviour compared to a control group. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN92968402 . Registered 27/2/2018, recruitment started 15/03/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla F J Nooijen
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria Blom
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emerald G Heiland
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa-Marie Larisch
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emil Bojsen-Møller
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria M Ekblom
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena V Kallings
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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14
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Ter Hoeve N, Ekblom M, Galanti MR, Forsell Y, Nooijen CFJ. Unfavourable sedentary and physical activity behaviour before and after retirement: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037659. [PMID: 32723744 PMCID: PMC7389486 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During transition to retirement there is often a rearrangement of daily life which might provide a key opportunity for interventions to promote a non-sedentary and active lifestyle. To be able to design effective interventions, it is essential to know which sedentary and physical behaviour domains (eg, at home or during leisure time) have potential to facilitate healthy ageing during the retirement transition. OBJECTIVE To determine whether unfavourable sedentary and physical activity behaviour before retirement predict unfavourable sedentary and physical activity behaviour after retirement. DESIGN Population-based cohort. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Adults (n=3272) employed in 2010 but retired in 2014. METHODS Self-reported preretirement job activity, sedentary leisure time, physical activity at home, and walking-cycling and exercise were assessed as predictors for unfavourable sedentary and physical activity behaviours after retirement using logistic regression. Unfavourable behaviours were defined based on the respective median of the cohort distribution. Furthermore, the OR for having multiple unfavourable behaviours after retirement was determined, based on the amount of unfavourable behaviours before retirement. All models were adjusted for gender and education. RESULTS Unfavourable preretirement physical activity and sedentary behaviour at home or during leisure time were the strongest predictors of the same behaviours after retirement. Unfavourable job activity did not predict physical activity but did predict unfavourable sedentary behaviour after retirement (OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.96). Unfavourable exercise behaviour before retirement predicted unfavourable sedentary and physical activity after retirement in all domains. With all behaviours being unfavourable before retirement, the OR of having at least three unfavourable behaviours after retirement was 36.7 (95% CI 16.8 to 80.5). CONCLUSIONS Adults with a higher number of unfavourable preretirement physical activity and sedentary behaviours are likely to carry these unfavourable behaviours into retirement age. Interventions should target those with more unfavourable preretirement physical activity and sedentary behaviours before retirement, and those interventions focusing on exercise might have greatest potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Ter Hoeve
- Capri Cardiac Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Ekblom
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
- The Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria R Galanti
- The Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Forsell
- The Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carla F J Nooijen
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
- The Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Work-related physical activity and psychological distress among women in different occupations: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1007. [PMID: 32586295 PMCID: PMC7318444 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that work-related physical activity may not have the same mental health benefits as leisure-time physical activity. Further, work-related physical activity is likely to include a variety of different behaviours for people with different occupations. As such, the aim of this study was to determine if occupation type moderated the association between work-related physical activity and psychological distress. METHODS A randomly selected sample of 1080 women from Melbourne, Australia completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30), and reported their current occupation. RESULTS Linear regression analyses indicated that occupation significantly moderated the association between work-related walking and psychological distress (F [8, 55] = 2.26, p = .036). Given evidence of moderation, we fitted linear regression models to test the associations between work-related physical activity and psychological distress for three separate groups; professionals, sales and services workers, and tradespersons. Female tradespersons who engaged in a low (B = - 3.81, p = .006) or high amount of work-related walking (B = - 3.23, p = .029), had significantly lower psychological distress symptoms than those who engaged in no work-related walking. There were no significant associations between work-related physical activity of any intensity and psychological distress for professionals, or sales and service workers. CONCLUSIONS Given the relationship does not exist across all occupations, work-related physical activity should not be promoted above and beyond leisure-time physical activity. However, walking at work may be important in reducing psychological distress for some people and should therefore, not be discounted.
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16
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Halonen JI, Lallukka T, Kujanpää T, Lahti J, Kanerva N, Pietiläinen O, Rahkonen O, Lahelma E, Mänty M. The contribution of physical working conditions to sickness absence of varying length among employees with and without common mental disorders. Scand J Public Health 2020; 49:141-148. [PMID: 31960756 PMCID: PMC7917561 DOI: 10.1177/1403494820901411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The aim was to examine whether the contribution of physical
work exposures to the risk of sickness absence (SA) is different between those
with and without common mental disorders (CMD). Methods: We used
questionnaire data on four work exposures and CMD from 6159 participants of the
Helsinki Health Study cohort with 12,458 observations from three surveys
(2000–2002, 2007 and 2012). We formed combination exposures for the work
exposures (hazardous exposures, physical workload, computer and shift work) with
CMD. Associations with SA of different length were examined with negative
binomial regression models. Results: We observed stronger
associations for CMD with SA than for the individual work exposures. The
strength of the associations for hazardous exposures and physical workload
increased with length of SA, especially when the participant also had CMD. The
strongest associations for the combined exposures were observed for SA ⩾15 days,
the rate ratios being 2.63 (95% CI 2.27–3.05) among those with hazardous
exposure and CMD, and 3.37 (95% CI 2.93−3.88) among those with heavy physical
workload and CMD. Conclusions: Employees with hazardous exposures or
physical workload combined with CMD were at the highest risk of SA compared
with those without these exposures or with only one exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana I Halonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero Kujanpää
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouni Lahti
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Kanerva
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Mänty
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,City of Vantaa, Vantaa, Finland
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17
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Stephens SK, Winkler EAH, Eakin EG, Clark BK, Owen N, Moodie M, La Montagne AD, Dunstan DW, Healy GN. Temporal features of sitting, standing and stepping changes in a cluster-randomised controlled trial of a workplace sitting-reduction intervention. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:111. [PMID: 31752916 PMCID: PMC6873403 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is now a body of evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce workplace sitting time. However, there has been limited reporting of how such interventions may impact behaviour both during and outside of work. Sitting, standing and stepping changes following a workplace intervention were examined across five timeframes (work time on work days; non-work time on work days; work days; non-work days; overall (i.e. work and non-work time on all days)), and the relationships between changes during and outside of work was assessed. METHODS The cluster-randomised controlled trial, 'Stand Up Victoria', delivered a multi-component workplace-delivered intervention that successfully reduced workplace and overall sitting time (relative to controls). Separately, over the five timeframes, changes in device (activPAL3)-assessed outcomes - sitting; prolonged sitting (≥30 min bouts); standing; and, stepping - were compared between intervention (n = 114) and controls (n = 84), along with the time-course of sitting changes during work hours, using mixed models. The potential relationships of changes during work with changes outside of work were examined using compositional data analysis. RESULTS On workdays, intervention participants significantly (p < 0.05) improved their activity profile relative to controls, with reduced sitting (- 117 min/8-h workday, 95% CI: - 141, - 93) and prolonged sitting (- 77 min/8 h workday, 95% CI: - 101, - 52); increased standing (114 min/8 h workday, 95% CI: 92, 136) and maintenance of stepping (3 min/8 h workday, 95% CI: - 7, 11, p = 0.576). Effects were nearly identical for time at work; similar but slightly weaker for overall; and, small and non-significant outside of work on workdays and non-work days. Improvements occurred at all times, but not equally, during work hours (p < 0.001). Correlations between changes during and outside of work on workdays were very weak in both the intervention group (r = - 0.07) and controls (r = - 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Sitting time was reduced almost exclusively during work hours (via replacement with standing), with reductions evident during all working hours, to varying degrees. There was no evidence of compensation, with minimal change in activity outside of work, in response to changes in activity at work. Future interventions may benefit from exploring how best to elicit change throughout the whole day, and across work and non-work domains. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials register (ACTRN12611000742976) on 15 July 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K. Stephens
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Elisabeth A. H. Winkler
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Elizabeth G. Eakin
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Bronwyn K. Clark
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marj Moodie
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anthony D. La Montagne
- Work, Health & Wellbeing Unit, Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - David W. Dunstan
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Sport Science, Exercise & Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Genevieve N. Healy
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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18
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Shiri R, Falah-Hassani K, Heliövaara M, Solovieva S, Amiri S, Lallukka T, Burdorf A, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Viikari-Juntura E. Risk Factors for Low Back Pain: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2019; 71:290-299. [PMID: 30044543 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for low back pain (LBP) and lumbar radicular pain and to assess whether obesity and exposure to workload factors modify the effect of leisure-time physical activity on LBP and lumbar radicular pain. METHODS The population of this 11-year longitudinal study consists of a nationally representative sample of Finns ages ≥30 years (n = 3,505). The outcomes of the study were LBP and lumbar radicular pain for >7 days or for >30 days in the past 12 months at follow-up. RESULTS LBP and lumbar radicular pain were more common in women than in men. LBP slightly declined with increasing age, while lumbar radicular pain increased with age. Abdominal obesity (defined by waist circumference) increased the risk of LBP (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.40 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.16-1.68] for LBP >7 days and adjusted OR 1.41 [95% CI 1.13-1.76] for LBP >30 days) and general obesity (defined by body mass index) increased the risk of lumbar radicular pain (adjusted OR 1.44 [95% CI 1.12-1.85] for pain >7 days and adjusted OR 1.62 [95% CI 1.16-2.26] for pain >30 days). Smoking and strenuous physical work increased the risk of both LBP and lumbar radicular pain. Walking or cycling to work reduced the risk of LBP, particularly LBP for >30 days (adjusted OR 0.75 [95% CI 0.59-0.95]), with the largest reductions among nonabdominally obese individuals and among those not exposed to physical workload factors. Using vibrating tools increased the risk of lumbar radicular pain. CONCLUSION Lifestyle and physical workload factors increase the risk of LBP and lumbar radicular pain. Walking and cycling may have preventive potential for LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Risk and Prognostic Factors of Low Back Pain: Repeated Population-based Cohort Study in Sweden. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44:1248-1255. [PMID: 30985572 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Prospective longitudinal cohort study. OBJECTIVE To determine the associations for workload and health-related factors with incident and recurrent low back pain (LBP), and to determine the mediating role of health-related factors in associations between physical workload factors and incident LBP. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA It is not known whether the risk factors for the development of LBP are also prognostic factors for recurrence of LBP and whether the associations between physical workload and incident LBP are mediated by health-related factors. We used data from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health study. Those responding to any two subsequent surveys in 2010 to 2016 were included for the main analyses (N = 17,962). Information on occupational lifting, working in twisted positions, weight/height, smoking, physical activity, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems were self-reported. Incident LBP was defined as pain limiting daily activities in the preceding three months in participants free from LBP at baseline. Recurrent LBP was defined as having LBP both at baseline and follow-up. For the mediation analyses, those responding to three subsequent surveys were included (N = 3516). METHODS Main associations were determined using generalized estimating equation models for repeated measures data. Mediation was examined with counterfactual mediation analysis. RESULTS All risk factors at baseline but smoking and physical activity were associated with incident LBP after adjustment for confounders. The strongest associations were observed for working in twisted positions (risk ratio = 1.52, 95% CI 1.37, 1.70) and occupational lifting (risk ratio = 1.52, 95% CI 1.32, 1.74). These associations were not mediated by health-related factors. The studied factors did not have meaningful effects on recurrent LBP. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that workload and health-related factors have stronger effects on the development than on the recurrence or progression of LBP, and that health-related factors do not mediate associations between workload factors and incident LBP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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20
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Hunter RF, Gough A, Murray JM, Tang J, Brennan SF, Chrzanowski-Smith OJ, Carlin A, Patterson C, Longo A, Hutchinson G, Prior L, Tully MA, French DP, Adams J, McIntosh E, Xin Y, Kee F. A loyalty scheme to encourage physical activity in office workers: a cluster RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3310/phr07150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Increasing physical activity in the workplace can provide physical and mental health benefits for employees and economic benefits for the employer through reduced absenteeism and increased productivity. However, there is limited evidence on effective behaviour change interventions in workplace settings that led to maintained physical activity. This study aimed to address this gap and contribute to the evidence base for effective and cost-effective workplace interventions.
Objectives
To determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Physical Activity Loyalty scheme, a multicomponent intervention based on concepts similar to those that underpin a high-street loyalty card, which was aimed at encouraging habitual physical activity behaviour and maintaining increases in mean number of steps per day.
Design
A cluster randomised controlled trial with an embedded economic evaluation, behavioural economic experiments, mediation analyses and process evaluation.
Setting
Office-based employees from public sector organisations in Belfast and Lisburn city centres in Northern Ireland.
Participants
A total of 853 participants [mean age 43.6 years (standard deviation 9.6 years); 71% of participants were female] were randomly allocated by cluster to either the intervention group or the (waiting list) control group.
Intervention
The 6-month intervention consisted of financial incentives (retail vouchers), feedback and other evidence-based behaviour change techniques. Sensors situated in the vicinity of the workplaces allowed participants to monitor their accumulated minutes of physical activity.
Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was mean number of steps per day recorded using a sealed pedometer (Yamax Digiwalker CW-701; Yamax, Tasley, UK) worn on the waist for 7 consecutive days and at 6 and 12 months post intervention. Secondary outcomes included health, mental well-being, quality of life, work absenteeism and presenteeism, and the use of health-care resources.
Results
The mean number of steps per day were significantly lower for the intervention group than the control group [6990 mean number of steps per day (standard deviation 3078) vs. 7576 mean number of steps per day (standard deviation 3345), respectively], with an adjusted mean difference of –336 steps (95% confidence interval –612 to –60 steps; p = 0.02) at 6 months post baseline, but not significantly lower at 12 months post baseline. There was a small but significant enhancement of mental well-being in the intervention group (difference between groups for the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale of 1.34 points, 95% confidence interval 0.48 to 2.20 points), but not for the other secondary outcomes. An economic evaluation suggested that, overall, the scheme was not cost-effective compared with no intervention. The intervention was £25.85 (95% confidence interval –£29.89 to £81.60) more costly per participant than no intervention and had no effect on quality-adjusted life-years (incremental quality-adjusted life-years –0.0000891, 95% confidence interval –0.008 to 0.008).
Limitations
Significant restructuring of participating organisations during the study resulted in lower than anticipated recruitment and retention rates. Technical issues affected intervention fidelity.
Conclusions
Overall, assignment to the intervention group resulted in a small but significant decline in the mean pedometer-measured steps per day at 6 months relative to baseline, compared with the waiting list control group. The Physical Activity Loyalty scheme was deemed not to be cost-effective compared with no intervention, primarily because no additional quality-adjusted life-years were gained through the intervention. Research to better understand the mechanisms of physical activity behaviour change maintenance will help the design of future interventions.
Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN17975376.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 7, No. 15. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth F Hunter
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aisling Gough
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jennifer M Murray
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jianjun Tang
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Sarah F Brennan
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Chris Patterson
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Alberto Longo
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - George Hutchinson
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Lindsay Prior
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mark A Tully
- Institute of Mental Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - David P French
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jean Adams
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma McIntosh
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yiqiao Xin
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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21
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Nooijen CFJ, Blom V, Ekblom Ö, Ekblom MM, Kallings LV. Improving office workers' mental health and cognition: a 3-arm cluster randomized controlled trial targeting physical activity and sedentary behavior in multi-component interventions. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:266. [PMID: 30836957 PMCID: PMC6402109 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physically inactive and sedentary lifestyles are negatively related to both mental health and cognition. For office-workers, who spend two-thirds of their workday sitting, it is important to improve these lifestyles. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of multi-component interventions, incorporating individual, environmental and organizational changes, to increase physical activity or reduce sedentary behavior among office-workers in order to improve mental health and cognition. METHODS a 3-arm, clustered randomized controlled trial (RCT) with waiting list control group amongst adult office-workers of two large Swedish companies. Cluster teams will be randomized into 6-month interventions or to a passive waiting list control group which will receive the allocated intervention with a 6-month delay. Two multicomponent interventions will be studied of which one focuses on improving physical activity and the other on reducing sedentary behavior. Both interventions include 5 sessions of motivational counselling. In the physical activity intervention persons also get access to a gym and team leaders will organize lunch walks and encourage to exercise. In the sedentary behavior intervention standing- and walking meetings will be implemented and team leaders will encourage to reduce sitting. The recruitment target is 110 office-workers per arm (330 in total). Measurements will be repeated every 6 months for a total intended duration of 24 months. Proximal main outcomes are physical activity measured with accelerometers and sedentary behavior with inclinometers. Distal outcomes are self-reported mental health and a cognition test battery. Additional outcomes will include cardiovascular fitness, body composition, sleep, self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior, other health habits, physical health, and working mechanisms from blood samples and questionnaires. DISCUSSION This cluster RCT will contribute to the currently available evidence by comparing the effectiveness of multi-component interventions targeting physical activity or sedentary behavior with the end goal of improving mental health and cognition. This study is strong in its cluster randomized design, numerous objective outcome measures and long-term follow-up. The exact content of the interventions has been defined by combining theory with results from a larger research project as well as having a continuous dialogue with the involved companies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN92968402 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla F. J. Nooijen
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
- The Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria Blom
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
- The Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria M. Ekblom
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
- The Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena V. Kallings
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Baranowski T. Increasing physical activity among children and adolescents: Innovative ideas needed. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 8:1-5. [PMID: 30719376 PMCID: PMC6349620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
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23
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Nooijen CFJ, Kallings LV, Blom V, Ekblom Ö, Forsell Y, Ekblom MM. Common Perceived Barriers and Facilitators for Reducing Sedentary Behaviour among Office Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040792. [PMID: 29670047 PMCID: PMC5923834 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Qualitative studies identified barriers and facilitators associated with work-related sedentary behaviour. The objective of this study was to determine common perceived barriers and facilitators among office workers, assess subgroup differences, and describe sedentary behaviour. From two Swedish companies, 547 office workers (41 years (IQR = 35–48), 65% women, 66% highly educated) completed questionnaires on perceived barriers and facilitators, for which subgroup differences in age, gender, education, and workplace sedentary behaviour were assessed. Sedentary behaviour was measured using inclinometers (n = 311). The most frequently reported barrier was sitting is a habit (67%), which was reported more among women than men (Χ2 = 5.14, p = 0.03) and more among highly sedentary office workers (Χ2 = 9.26, p < 0.01). The two other most reported barriers were that standing is uncomfortable (29%) and standing is tiring (24%). Facilitators with the most support were the introduction of either standing- or walking-meetings (respectively 33% and 29%) and more possibilities or reminders for breaks (31%). The proportion spent sedentary was 64% at the workplace, 61% on working days, and 57% on non-working days. This study provides a detailed understanding of office workers’ ideas about sitting and means to reduce sitting. We advise to include the supported facilitators and individualized support in interventions to work towards more effective strategies to reduce sedentary behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla F J Nooijen
- The Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 11365 Stockholm, Sweden.
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), 11486 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lena V Kallings
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), 11486 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Victoria Blom
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), 11486 Stockholm, Sweden.
- The Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), 11486 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yvonne Forsell
- The Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 11365 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Health Care District, 11365 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria M Ekblom
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), 11486 Stockholm, Sweden.
- The Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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