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Ko JCK, Choi YWY, Poon ESK, Wyre N, Go JLL, Poon LLM, Sin SYW. Prevalence and genotypes of Chlamydia psittaci in pet birds of Hong Kong. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306528. [PMID: 39241026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Psittacosis, or parrot fever, is a zoonotic disease caused by Chlamydia species associated with birds. One of the causative agents of the disease is Chlamydia psittaci, which is commonly carried by psittacine and other bird species, can be highly pathogenic and virulent to humans. In Hong Kong, a city with high population density, psittacosis is a notifiable disease with over 60% of cases in the last decade resulting in hospitalization. However, the sources of transmission of C. psittaci and its prevalence in pet birds in Hong Kong are currently unknown. To evaluate the risks of psittacosis transmission through pet birds, we tested the presence of C. psittaci and determined its genotypes in samples obtained from 516 captive birds from households, pet shops, and a veterinary hospital in Hong Kong. Results revealed that five samples (0.97%), collected from budgerigars and cockatiels, were C. psittaci-positive, while four (80%) of them were obtained from pet shops. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that all identified strains belonged to Genotype A and showed high similarity to other sequences of this genotype obtained from various geographical locations and host species, including mammals. Our findings provide evidence for the presence of Chlamydia psittaci and shed light on its sources in captive birds in Hong Kong. They highlight the potential zoonotic risks associated with this pathogen, which can affect both humans and wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Cheuk Kei Ko
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yannes Wai Yan Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emily Shui Kei Poon
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nicole Wyre
- Zodiac Pet & Exotic Hospital, Shop 101A to 103A, 1/F, Victoria Centre, 15 Watson Road, Fortress Hill, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jennifer Le Lin Go
- Centre for Comparative Medicine Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo Lit Man Poon
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Yung Wa Sin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Scholz J, Holland G, Laue M, Banhart S, Heuer D. Chlamydia-containing spheres are a novel and predominant form of egress by the pathogen Chlamydia psittaci. mBio 2024; 15:e0128824. [PMID: 39041785 PMCID: PMC11323529 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01288-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The egress of intracellular bacteria from host cells and cellular tissues is a critical process during the infection cycle. This process is essential for bacteria to spread inside the host and can influence the outcome of an infection. For the obligate intracellular Gram-negative zoonotic bacterium Chlamydia psittaci, little is known about the mechanisms resulting in bacterial egress from the infected epithelium. Here, we describe and characterize Chlamydia-containing spheres (CCSs), a novel and predominant type of non-lytic egress utilized by Chlamydia spp. CCSs are spherical, low-phase contrast structures surrounded by a phosphatidylserine-exposing membrane with specific barrier functions. They contain infectious progeny and morphologically impaired cellular organelles. CCS formation is a sequential process starting with the proteolytic cleavage of a DEVD tetrapeptide-containing substrate that can be detected inside the chlamydial inclusions, followed by an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration of the infected cell. Subsequently, blebbing of the plasma membrane begins, the inclusion membrane destabilizes, and the proteolytic cleavage of a DEVD-containing substrate increases rapidly within the whole infected cell. Finally, infected, blebbing cells detach and leave the monolayer, thereby forming CCS. This sequence of events is unique for chlamydial CCS formation and fundamentally different from previously described Chlamydia egress pathways. Thus, CCS formation represents a major, previously uncharacterized egress pathway for intracellular pathogens that could be linked to Chlamydia biology in general and might influence the infection outcome in vivo.IMPORTANCEHost cell egress is essential for intracellular pathogens to spread within an organism and for host-to-host transmission. Here, we characterize Chlamydia-containing sphere (CCS) formation as a novel and predominant non-lytic egress pathway of the intracellular pathogens Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis. CCS formation is fundamentally different from extrusion formation, the previously described non-lytic egress pathway of C. trachomatis. CCS formation is a unique sequential process, including proteolytic activity, followed by an increase in intracellular calcium concentration, inclusion membrane destabilization, plasma membrane blebbing, and the final detachment of a whole phosphatidylserine-exposing former host cell. Thus, CCS formation represents an important and previously uncharacterized egress pathway for intracellular pathogens that could possibly be linked to Chlamydia biology, including host tropism, protection from host cell defense mechanisms, or bacterial pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Scholz
- Unit of Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens and HIV, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun Holland
- Unit of Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Laue
- Unit of Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Banhart
- Unit of Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens and HIV, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heuer
- Unit of Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens and HIV, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Zhang M, Xu Q, Zhang H, Cao Y, Lu W. Multiple infections secondary to immunosuppression after Chlamydia psittaci infection: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:752. [PMID: 39080592 PMCID: PMC11289931 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the clinical profile of a 74-year-old male patient admitted to the hospital due to a 20-day history of coughing, chest tightness, and dyspnea. Upon admission, the patient presented with fever, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Clinical examination revealed evidence of lung infection, sepsis, and multi-organ dysfunction, alongside abnormal blood gas analysis and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Pathogen testing confirmed Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci), infection. Throughout the treatment course, the patient developed concurrent fungal and viral infections, necessitating a comprehensive approach involving combined antibiotic and antifungal therapy. Despite encountering treatment-related complications, the patient demonstrated clinical improvement with aggressive management. This case underscores the importance of recognizing immune suppression subsequent to Chlamydia infection, emphasizing the critical role of early diagnosis, intervention, and standardized treatment protocols in enhancing patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), No. 2 Zheshan West Road, Wu hu, 241000, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine, Wu hu, Anhui, China
| | - Qiancheng Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), No. 2 Zheshan West Road, Wu hu, 241000, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine, Wu hu, Anhui, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), No. 2 Zheshan West Road, Wu hu, 241000, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine, Wu hu, Anhui, China
| | - Yingya Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), No. 2 Zheshan West Road, Wu hu, 241000, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine, Wu hu, Anhui, China
| | - Weihua Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), No. 2 Zheshan West Road, Wu hu, 241000, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine, Wu hu, Anhui, China.
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Vorimore F, Aaziz R, Al Qaysi L, Wernery U, Borel N, Sachse K, Laroucau K. Detection of a novel genotype of Chlamydia buteonis in falcons from the Emirates. Vet Microbiol 2024; 291:110027. [PMID: 38430716 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Chlamydiaceae are a family of obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that affect both humans and animals. Recently, a new species named Chlamydia (C.) buteonis was isolated from hawks. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of Chlamydiaceae in 60 falcons that underwent a routine health check at a specialized clinic in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Using real-time PCR, we analyzed cloacal and tracheal swabs from these birds and found that 39 of them tested positive for Chlamydiaceae. Subsequent real-time PCR assays specific for C. psittaci, C. abortus, C. avium, and C. gallinacea yielded negative results, while testing positive for C. buteonis. Analysis of ompA and MLST sequences indicated a highly conserved group of strains within this set of samples, but with sequences distinct from the C. buteonis RSHA reference strains and other C. buteonis strains isolated from hawks in the United States. Two strains were further isolated by cell culture and sequenced using whole-genome sequencing, confirming the clustering of these falcon strains within the C. buteonis species, but in a separate clade from the previously identified hawk strains. We also developed a SNP-based PCR-HRM assay to distinguish between these different genotypes. Overall, our findings suggest a high prevalence of C. buteonis in falcons in Dubai and highlight the importance of monitoring this pathogen in birds of prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vorimore
- Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France; Anses, Identhypath, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - R Aaziz
- Anses, Identhypath, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - L Al Qaysi
- Lehbab Clinic, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - N Borel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Sachse
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - K Laroucau
- Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Wang J, Jia P, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Sui X, Jin Z, Song W. Diagnosis of a Familial Psittacosis Outbreak with Clinical Analysis and Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Under COVID-19: A Case Series. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:1099-1105. [PMID: 38590553 PMCID: PMC10999973 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s440400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of family outbreak of psittacosis and to improve the success rate of treatment. Patients and Methods The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of family outbreak of psittacosis, which consists three patients, diagnosed by clinical analysis and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results We report on three instances of clustered atypical pneumonia, which were caused by Chlamydia psittaci during the COVID-19 pandemic. All patients exhibited symptoms of fever and cough, while one patient also experienced gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Laboratory tests indicated no significant increase in leukocytes and neutrophils, but a mild increase in C-reactive protein was observed in all three patients. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a consolidation shadow in a unilateral lung lobe in all three patients. Both patients were treated with empirical moxifloxacin, yielding unsatisfactory outcomes. mNGS was conducted on sputum samples from one adult patient, revealing the presence of Chlamydia psittaci. Additional doxycycline was prescribed immediately, and then the patients' temperatures were stabilized, and the lesion in chest CT was absorbed. The pediatric patient exhibited less severe symptoms compared to the adult patients and exhibited a favorable response to azithromycin administration. Conclusion This study reports a cluster of a family outbreak of atypical pneumonia caused by C. psittaci in China. The occurrence of a family outbreak during the COVID-19 pandemic may be attributed to familial aggregation resulting from the epidemic. The three cases reported in this study did not experience severe complications, which can be attributed to the prompt medical intervention and swift diagnosis. This finding implies the need to enhance patients' awareness and vigilance towards their health. Additionally, mNGS emerges as a valuable technique for accurately identifying pathogens causing pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaru Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyao Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Sui
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Curran EH, Devine MD, Hartley CD, Huang Y, Conrady CD, Debiec MR, Justin GA, Thomas J, Yeh S. Ophthalmic implications of biological threat agents according to the chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives framework. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1349571. [PMID: 38293299 PMCID: PMC10824978 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1349571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
As technology continues to evolve, the possibility for a wide range of dangers to people, organizations, and countries escalate globally. The United States federal government classifies types of threats with the capability of inflicting mass casualties and societal disruption as Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Energetics/Explosives (CBRNE). Such incidents encompass accidental and intentional events ranging from weapons of mass destruction and bioterrorism to fires or spills involving hazardous or radiologic material. All of these have the capacity to inflict death or severe physical, neurological, and/or sensorial disabilities if injuries are not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. Ophthalmic injury can provide important insight into understanding and treating patients impacted by CBRNE agents; however, improper ophthalmic management can result in suboptimal patient outcomes. This review specifically addresses the biological agents the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) deems to have the greatest capacity for bioterrorism. CBRNE biological agents, encompassing pathogens and organic toxins, are further subdivided into categories A, B, and C according to their national security threat level. In our compendium of these biological agents, we address their respective CDC category, systemic and ophthalmic manifestations, route of transmission and personal protective equipment considerations as well as pertinent vaccination and treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma H. Curran
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Max D. Devine
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Caleb D. Hartley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ye Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Christopher D. Conrady
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Matthew R. Debiec
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Grant A. Justin
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joanne Thomas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Steven Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- National Strategic Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Guo X, Zhu D, Chen H. Clinical features and risk factors of liver injury in patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia- a retrospective analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1320758. [PMID: 38264732 PMCID: PMC10803654 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1320758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Research into the effects of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia on the liver has emerged in the last few years. However, no studies have systematically described liver injury in patients with psittacosis. We present the first report on the clinical features and risk factors of liver injury in patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia. Methods We retrospectively collected the clinical parameters for 46 patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia admitted to Jinhua Central Hospital from January 2019 to February 2023. We analyzed the liver function parameters and summarized the clinical characteristics and risk factors of liver injury. Results Among the 46 patients, 39 (84.8%) had abnormal liver function, and 23 (50.0%) had liver injury. The ratio of patients with a history of alcohol consumption (39.1% vs. 4.3%, P =0.004) or severe pneumonia (56.5% vs. 26.1%, P =0.036) was higher in the liver injury group compared with the non-liver injury group. Laboratory tests showed higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the liver injury group (P <0.001). The optimal cut-off LDH level associated with liver injury was 473 IU/L as determined by ROC curve analysis. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a history of alcohol consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 11.251; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.022 ~ 123.897, P =0.048) and an LDH level of ≥ 473IU/L (OR = 11.635, 95% CI = 1.832 ~ 73.869, P =0.009) were independent risk factors for liver injury. Conclusions A history of alcohol consumption and an LDH level of over 473 IU/L are independent risk factors for Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia-related liver injury. It is recommended that particular attention be given to monitoring and evaluating liver function parameters when treating patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia who have a high LDH level and history of alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
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Wang DX, Xiao LX, Deng XY, Deng W. Omadacycline for the treatment of severe pneumonia caused by Chlamydia psittaci complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1207534. [PMID: 38264056 PMCID: PMC10805100 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1207534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chlamydia psittaci infection in humans is a rare cause that mainly present as community-acquired pneumonia. Severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, or multiple organ dysfunction with a mortality rate of 15%-20% before accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has an advantage in achieving early diagnosis. In the study, omadacycline implementation was described to provide a better understanding of effectiveness in severe psittacosis pneumonia with ARDS. Methods Sixteen patients with severe psittacosis pneumonia with ARDS were selected between September 2021 and October 2022. They were diagnosed using mNGS and treated with omadacycline. Retrospective analysis of clinical manifestations, laboratory data, disease progression, diagnostic tool, treatment, and prognosis was summarized. Results Common symptoms included fever, dyspnea, and cough. All patients developed ARDS, accompanied by septic shock (43.7%) and pulmonary embolism (43.7%). Laboratory data showed normal leucocytes, increased creatine kinase isoenzyme, and decreased albumin with liver dysfunction in most patients. All patients had increased neutrophils, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and D-dimer with decreased lymphocytes. Airspace consolidation, ground glass opacity, and pleural effusion were found on chest CT. mNGS results were obtained in 24-48 h to identify the diagnosis of Chlamydia psittacosis. All patients received mechanical ventilation with omadacycline treatment. Fourteen patients experienced complete recovery, while the other two patients died from multidrug-resistant bacterial infection and renal failure. Conclusion mNGS has a significant value in the diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci infection. Timely treatment of omadacycline can improve prognosis and provide a promising new option for the treatment of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia with ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Xin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling-Xi Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Yu Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing, China
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Wang R, Mao X, Xu J, Yao P, Jiang J, Li Q, Wang F. Engineering of the LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12b platform for Chlamydia psittaci detection. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 38054656 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) is a zoonotic infection, that causes psittacosis (parrot fever) in humans, leading to severe clinical manifestations, including severe pneumonia, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and, in rare cases, death.Gap Statement. Rapid, sensitive and specific detection of C. psittaci facilitates timely diagnosis and treatment of patients.Aim. This study aimed to engineer the LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12b platform for C. psittaci detection.Methodology. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated protein 12b (CRISPR-Cas12b) assay were combined to establish two-step and one-tube LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12b reaction systems, respectively, for rapidly detecting C. psittaci.Results. The two-step and one-tube LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12b assay could complete detection within 1 h. No cross-reactivity was observed from non-C. psittaci templates with specific LAMP amplification primers and single-guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting the highly conserved short fragment CPSIT_0429 gene of C. psittaci. The detection limits of the two-step and one-tube LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12b reaction were 102 aM and 103 aM, respectively. The results were consistent with qPCR for nucleic acid detection in 160 clinical samples, including 80 suspected C. psittaci samples, kept in the laboratory.Conclusions. The LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12b assay developed in this study provides a sensitive and specific method for rapidly detecting C. psittaci and offers technical support for its rapid diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Xujian Mao
- Pathogen Inspection Center, Changzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, PR China
| | - Jian Xu
- Pathogen Inspection Center, Changzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, PR China
| | - Ping Yao
- Pathogen Inspection Center, Changzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, PR China
| | - Jingyi Jiang
- Pathogen Inspection Center, Changzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, PR China
| | - Qiong Li
- Pathogen Inspection Center, Changzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, PR China
| | - Fengming Wang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
- Pathogen Inspection Center, Changzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, PR China
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Tanpradit N, Thongdee M, Sariya L, Paungpin W, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Sirimanapong W, Kasantikul T, Phonarknguen R, Punchukrang A, Lekcharoen P, Arya N. Epidemiology of Chlamydia sp. infection in farmed Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) in Thailand. Acta Vet Scand 2023; 65:50. [PMID: 38008768 PMCID: PMC10680321 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Chlamydia sp. causes widespread disease outbreaks in juvenile crocodiles in Thailand, data regarding the epidemiology, and risk factors of such infections are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and possible risk factors associated with Chlamydia sp. infections on Siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) farms in Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2019. Samples were collected from 40 farms across six regions in Thailand. Conjunctival, pharyngeal, and cloacal swab samples were analyzed for Chlamydiaceae nucleic acids using semi-nested PCR followed by phylogenetic analysis based on the ompA gene fragment. Risk factors of infection were analyzed using chi-square and univariate regression to calculate odds ratios. RESULTS The prevalence of Chlamydia sp. infection across all regions was 65%. The ompA phylogenetic analysis showed that Chlamydia sp. detected in this study was genetically closely related to Chlamydia crocodili and Chlamydia caviae. The risk factors for infection were water source, reusing treated wastewater from the treatment pond, not disposing of leftover food, low frequency of water replacement in the enclosure of juvenile crocodiles, and lack of water replacement after the death of a crocodile. CONCLUSION The prevalence of Chlamydia sp. infection in farmed crocodiles in Thailand was 65% during the study period. Cloacal swabs were superior to conjunctival and pharyngeal swabs due to their higher sensitivity in detecting Chlamydia sp., as well as their lower invasiveness. Good management and biosecurity in crocodile farming can reduce the risk of Chlamydia sp. INFECTION
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Affiliation(s)
- Nae Tanpradit
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Ladawan Sariya
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Weena Paungpin
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Wanna Sirimanapong
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The Veterinary Aquatic Animal Research Health Care Unit, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Tanit Kasantikul
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Rassameepen Phonarknguen
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Apichart Punchukrang
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand
| | - Paisin Lekcharoen
- The Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nlin Arya
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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11
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Fang C, Xu L. Chlamydia psittaci Pneumonia-Induced Pulmonary Thrombosis: A Case Report. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:7063-7069. [PMID: 37954503 PMCID: PMC10637264 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s435246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia frequently leads to various extrapulmonary complications; however, reports of C. psittaci-pneumonia complicated by pulmonary thrombosis are uncommon. We report a case of severe C. psittaci pneumonia in a patient with a history of poultry contact and clinical manifestations including hyperpyrexia, dyspnea, and respiratory failure, which necessitated tracheal intubation for assisted ventilation. C. psittaci in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was detected with metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Following targeted antibiotic therapy, the fever subsided, although dyspnea persisted without significant improvement, and chest pain developed. Compared to previous measurements, the D-dimer level increased, and CT pulmonary angiography revealed thromboses in the pulmonary artery trunk and left pulmonary artery. The symptoms improved after anticoagulant treatment, and the patient was discharged subsequently. This study suggests that C. psittaci infection may be associated with the formation of pulmonary thrombosis. Additional clinical data are required to support this inference. Following targeted antibiotic therapy, if persistent dyspnea, chest pain, and increased D-dimer level are present, pulmonary thrombosis should be considered, and pulmonary artery angiography can confirm the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changquan Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Limin Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Huizhou First People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Luo Y, Sun Z, Chen Q, Xiao J, Yan X, Li Y, Wu Y. TLR2 mediates autophagy through ERK signaling pathway in Chlamydia psittaci CPSIT_p7 protein-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:469-479. [PMID: 37615441 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci is a zoonotic pathogen found in birds and humans. Macrophages, major components of the innate immune system, can resist chlamydial infections and trigger adaptive immune responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of macrophages against C. psittaci infection are not well understood. This study investigated the roles and mechanisms of plasmid-encoded protein CPSIT_p7 of C. psittaci in regulating autophagy in RAW264.7 cells. The results demonstrated that stimulation of RAW264.7 with C. psittaci plasmid protein CPSIT_p7 induced the expressions of the autophagy signaling primary regulators LC3 and Beclin1, which could also significantly induce the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, p38, and Akt. Next, siRNA knockdown of TLR2 resulted in significant downregulation of CPSIT_p7-triggered autophagy in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, the extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) inhibitor PD98059 markedly reduced autophagy in CPSIT_p7-stimulated macrophages. In summary, these results indicated that TLR2 plays an essential role in the induction of autophagy through the ERK signaling pathway in CPSIT_p7-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University/Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Zhenjie Sun
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - XiaoLiang Yan
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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13
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Fang C, Xie Y, Mai H, Xu L. Acute abdominal pain as the first symptom of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia complicated by acute pancreatitis: a case report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1253859. [PMID: 37886359 PMCID: PMC10598660 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1253859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chlamydia psittaci infections primarily cause damage to the lungs but may also affect the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, and brain, resulting in a variety of extrapulmonary complications. However, reports regarding C. psittaci infection-associated pancreatitis are rare. In this report, a patient with C. psittaci pneumonia complicated by acute pancreatitis is presented. Case description The patient presented with acute upper abdominal pain and developed severe pyrexia and dyspnoea one day later. A chest computed tomography image revealed patchy consolidation in the left lung. The disease progressed rapidly, and the patient exhibited liver and kidney damage and type 1 respiratory failure within a short period of time. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of alveolar lavage fluid revealed the presence of C. psittaci. The patient was administered doxycycline and moxifloxacin, after which the patient's abdominal pain and lung infection significantly resolved. Conclusion This case report demonstrates that extrapulmonary C. psittaci infections due to secondary acute pancreatitis can manifest as abdominal pain, although the exact mechanisms of C. psittaci caused by acute pancreatitis remain unclear. Timely diagnoses and treatments of such infections are necessary to achieve favorable clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changquan Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjun Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Mai
- Department of Geriatrics, Huizhou First People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Limin Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Huizhou First People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
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14
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Zheng X, Wu C, Jiang B, Qin G, Zeng M. Clinical analysis of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: Case series study. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220698. [PMID: 37772263 PMCID: PMC10523279 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical characteristics and diagnosis of ten cases with severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia were analyzed. Ten patients had high fever, cough, or diarrhea, and all had a history of contact with birds or poultry. The white blood cell count of the patients was normal or slightly increased. The percentage of neutrophils (N%) and C reactive protein of the patients were significantly increased. Chest computer tomography showed patchy consolidation of both lungs, with one-sided lung lobes prominent, and bronchial inflation signs. All the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit due to respiratory failure. Nine patients needed ventilator-assisted ventilation therapy, and one patient needed high-flow oxygen therapy. All patients had sepsis, and five patients developed septic shock. The patients were diagnosed with severe C. psittaci pneumonia by clinical manifestations and contact history. After timely adjustment of tetracycline-based treatment, eight patients recovered and were discharged, and two patients died of septic shock and respiratory failure. Patients with poultry contact should be cautious toward C. psittaci pneumonia. A better method for the detection of C. psittaci is metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Its examination can shorten the diagnosis time. In a later stage, large-sample research is needed to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Chonghao Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Guangmei Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402160, China
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15
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Xu W, Wang Q, Li L, Zhu B, Cai Q, Yi X, Fang R, Wang Q. Case Report: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing applied in diagnosing psittacosis caused by Chlamydia psittaci infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1249225. [PMID: 37799338 PMCID: PMC10548267 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1249225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chlamydia psittaci is the causative agent of psittacosis in humans, while its rapid identification is hampered due to the lack of specificity of laboratory testing methods. Case presentation This study reports four cases of C. psittaci infection after contact with a domestic parrot, all belonging to the same family. Common manifestations like fever, cough, headache, nausea, and hypodynamia appeared in the patients. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) aided the etiological diagnosis of psittacosis, revealing 58318 and 7 sequence reads corresponding to C. psittaci in two cases. The detected C. psittaci was typed as ST100001 in the Multilocus-sequence typing (MLST) system, a novel strain initially reported. Based on the results of pathogenic identification by mNGS, the four patients were individually, treated with different antibiotics, and discharged with favorable outcomes. Conclusion In diagnosing psittacosis caused by a rare C. psittaci agent, mNGS provides rapid etiological identification, contributing to targeted antibiotic therapy and favorable outcomes. This study also reminds clinicians to raise awareness of psittacosis when encountering family members with a fever of unknown origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Xu
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binghua Zhu
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Cai
- Genoxor Medical Science and Technology Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Yi
- Genoxor Medical Science and Technology Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Zhang Y, Jiang X, Ye W, Sun J. Clinical features and outcome of eight patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia diagnosed by targeted next generation sequencing. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2023; 17:915-930. [PMID: 37552996 PMCID: PMC10500319 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical symptoms of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia are still poorly understood. This study was designed to summarize the clinical features and outcome of eight C. psittaci pneumonia patients diagnosed by targeted next generation sequencing (tNGS). METHODS We included eight C. psittaci pneumonia patients admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to July 2022. The tNGS was performed to the samples collected from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of each patient. Their clinical data were analysed, including baseline features, clinical symptoms, chest radiographic findings and laboratory examinations. RESULTS The tNGS sequence number for C. psittaci was in a range of 10 to 1722. The radiographic characteristics were mainly featured by patchy consolidation shadows, ground-glass density shadows, air bronchogram and slight pleural effusion. Within 1-3 days after hospitalization, most patients showed increased neutrophil ratio, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and decreased lymphocyte count, total protein, albumin and prealbumin. Some patients showed increased glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Three critically ill patients showed increased creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme and high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) levels. CONCLUSIONS A poultry or bird contact history, typical flu-like symptoms, patchy consolidation, ground-glass density shadow and air bronchogram may contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of C. psittaci pneumonia. Increase in creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme and hs-TnT may indicate a severe condition. Moxifloxacin and minocycline were effective in the management of C. psittaci pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineShandong Provincial Third HospitalJinanP.R. China
| | - Xiangsen Jiang
- Imaging CenterShandong Provincial Third HospitalJinanP.R. China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Respiratory MedicineShandong Provincial Third HospitalJinanP.R. China
| | - Jinlin Sun
- Department of Respiratory MedicineShandong Provincial Third HospitalJinanP.R. China
- Department of Respiratory MedicineHui Ya Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityHuizhouP.R. China
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Marchese S, Marchese G, Paviglianiti G, Lapi M, Ottoveggio G, Pipitone G, Corsello G. A pediatric case of Chlamydia psittaci caused severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in Italy. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:107. [PMID: 37649055 PMCID: PMC10468848 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This case of psittacosis in children, is the first described in literature, in Italy. This respiratory infection can be transmitted to humans from the inhalation of respiratory secretions, feces and plumage aerosol of infected birds (and other animals). Usually it can have an asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic course, and the onset is often flu-like, but in this case the child risked his life for a severe respiratory failure. This report is unique because in children psittacosis is rare, and always misdiagnosed, or could cause a delayed diagnosis because of lack of awareness among the paediatricians and physicians. Furthermore, psittacosis enters a differential diagnosis with SARS-COV2 infection because both diseases may determine dyspnea and atypical pneumonia, up to acute respiratory failure. CASE PRESENTATION This clinical case talks about a three-and-a-half-year-old male child affected by psittacosis (or ornithosis), with severe dyspnea and systemic symptoms who required oro-tracheal intubation for acute respiratory failure. The child had slept in a room at home, with some recently bought parrots affected by psittacosis. Initially the child was treated with empiric antibiotic therapy (i.v.ceftriaxone and teicoplanin), but after having isolated the DNA of the germ "Chlamydia psittaci" in both serological and through bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), he was treated with targeted antibiotic therapy: tetracyclines (doxicillin). CONCLUSIONS Psittacosis is an extremely contagious disease, caused by an intracellular germ, called "Chlamydia psittaci", a Gram-negative bacterium, transmitted to humans in particular by infected birds, responsible for atypical pneumonia, with acute and chronic respiratory symptoms, sometimes with multi-organ failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Even if it is a rare respiratory disease among children, a good doctor must think about psittacosis as cause of respiratory symptoms (and not only flu or SARS-COV2), above all through a correct medical history, in order to provide a targeted antibiotic therapy. An interesting case of psittacosis in a child is being reported here, which has been treated successfully with doxycillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Marchese
- Emergency and Admission Medicine and Surgery, Childrens'Hospital, ISMEP-Arnas Civico-Benfratelli- Di Cristina, Palermo, Italy.
| | | | | | - Maria Lapi
- Anesthesia and Pediatric Resuscitation with Trauma Center, ISMEP-Arnas Civico-Benfratelli- Di Cristina, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Ottoveggio
- Anesthesia and Pediatric Resuscitation with Trauma Center, ISMEP-Arnas Civico-Benfratelli- Di Cristina, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pipitone
- Systemic and immune-suppressed associated infection Disease Unit, INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Unit of General Pediatrics, Childrens'Hospital, ISMEP-Arnas Civico-Benfratelli- Di Cristina, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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18
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Gao Y, Wu Y, Xu D, Bao L, Ding X, Lv L, Ma C, Bian T, Han S. Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia in Wuxi, China: retrospective analysis of 55 cases and predictors of severe disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1150746. [PMID: 37671399 PMCID: PMC10475936 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1150746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose More and more patients with community-acquired pneumonia have been detected with Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) infected using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Previously, this was unheard of, and several patients presented with severe pneumonia and even required ECMO. We aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of C. psittaci pneumonia and find out if there are any possible predictors of severe C. psittaci pneumonia. Methods In this retrospective study, we included all confirmed cases of C. psittaci pneumonia in Wuxi. Epidemiological, clinical, and radiological features, as well as laboratory data, were collected and analyzed. Results We enrolled 55 patients with C. psittaci pneumonia, with 30 (54.5%) having a history of exposure to birds or their internal organs. 50 (90.9%) patients were diagnosed by mNGS. Patients with C. psittaci pneumonia had many complications, among which, that deserve sufficient attention from clinicians were vascular embolic events (3, 5.5%). High fever was the most common clinical manifestation (41, 74.5%). The majority of patients had a significant increase in neutrophils ratio, neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR), rapid c-reactive protein, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as a decrease in lymphocytes ratio, albumin, serum sodium, serum potassium, and serum phosphorus. Chest computed tomography scans revealed unilateral pneumonia (70.9%), consolidation (87.3%), air bronchogram (76.4%), and ground-glass opacity (69.1%). The neutrophil ratio, NLR, LDH, and CK were all factors that could identify severe pneumonia. Both AUCs exceeded 0.8; the respective 95% CIs were 0.715-0.944, 0.710-0.963, 0.677-0.937, and 0.718-0.950; all p < 0.05 (0.01, 0.001, 0.007, 0.007 respectively). The ORs were 10.057, 9.750, 10.057, and 9.667, respectively; the 95% CIs were 2.643-38.276, 2.339-40.649, and 2.643-38.276, respectively; all p-values were less than 0.05 (0.001, 0.002, 0.001, 0.001 respectively). Conclusion C. psittaci pneumonia is a very complex disease that changes all the time. Some patients showed severe pneumonia. Patients will have a poor prognosis if they are not treated promptly and effectively. We discovered that many clinical indicators were typical. Meanwhile, significant increases in neutrophil ratio, NLR, LDH, and CK predicted severe pneumonia. Timely detection of mNGS provided substantial help for clinical diagnosis and early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital (Jiangnan University Medical Center), Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Xishan People’s Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, China
| | - Liang Bao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital (Jiangnan University Medical Center), Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Wuxi Fifth People’s Hospital (Jiangnan University Medical Center), Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital (Jiangnan University Medical Center), Wuxi, China
| | - Chenhui Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital (Jiangnan University Medical Center), Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Bian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuguang Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital (Jiangnan University Medical Center), Wuxi, China
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Wu Y, Xu X, Liu Y, Jiang X, Wu H, Yang J, He L. Case Report: Clinical analysis of a cluster outbreak of chlamydia psittaci pneumonia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1214297. [PMID: 37637462 PMCID: PMC10448816 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1214297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of clustered cases of psittacosis pneumonia. Method We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of a cluster outbreak of psittacosis pneumonia. The analysis included epidemiological data, clinical symptoms, laboratory results, and prognosis. The diagnosis was made using mNGS and nested PCR technology. Result Of the four cases, two had direct contact with diseased poultry while the other two did not. All cases presented with more than 39.5 °C fever and chills. Additionally, significant increases in C-reactive protein, ferritin, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were observed in all cases, while absolute lymphocyte count decreased. Case 2 also had increased calcitonin levels. Acute respiratory failure occurred during the treatment of case 1 and case 2, leading to tracheal intubation and ventilator-assisted ventilation. Unfortunately, case 2 passed away due to sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction, while the other cases had a positive prognosis. Conclusion mNGS facilitated the early diagnosis of psittacosis pneumonia. It is important to note that there is still a substantial risk of human-to-human transmission in psittacosis pneumonia. Absolute lymphocyte count and calcitonin levels can predict the severity and prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxia Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangwei Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjing Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Limei He
- Department of Nephrology Diseases, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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Zaręba-Marchewka K, Bomba A, Scharf S, Niemczuk K, Schnee C, Szymańska-Czerwińska M. Whole Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Chlamydia gallinacea Field Strains Isolated from Poultry in Poland. Pathogens 2023; 12:891. [PMID: 37513738 PMCID: PMC10384503 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia gallinacea is an intracellular bacterium belonging to the Chlamydiaceae family. Poultry is considered to be the major reservoir of this agent, which has worldwide distribution and a particularly consistent worldwide occurrence in chicken flocks. The bacterium has been linked to respiratory disease in humans but without definitive confirmation; nevertheless, while it has not been proved to be the cause of human respiratory disease, a recent report from Italy verified its bird-to-human transmission. This aspect being significant for public health, more research is needed to gain insight into the infection biology of C. gallinacea. In this study, the genomes of eleven novel C. gallinacea field strains from different regions of Poland were analyzed comparatively. It was confirmed that C. gallinacea strains are closely related, with at least 99.46% sequence identity. They possess a conservative genome structure involving the plasticity zone with a complete cytotoxin, the type three secretion system, inclusion membrane proteins, polymorphic membrane proteins, hctA and hctB histone-like proteins, and the chlamydial protease-like activating factor exoenzyme, as well as plasmids. Genetic diversity seems to be restricted. However, some genetic loci, such as ompA and multi-locus sequence typing target genes, are diverse enough to enable high-resolution genotyping and epidemiological tracing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Zaręba-Marchewka
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Bomba
- Department of Omics Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Sabine Scharf
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96 a, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Niemczuk
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
- Laboratory of Serological Diagnosis, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Christiane Schnee
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96 a, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Monika Szymańska-Czerwińska
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
- Laboratory of Serological Diagnosis, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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21
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Yang X, Liu Z, Liu X, Li Q, Huang H, Li R, He M. Chlamydia Psittaci Pneumonia-Induced Myocarditis: A Case Report. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:4259-4264. [PMID: 37409242 PMCID: PMC10318105 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s417241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Chlamydia psittaci infection has been reported to increase in recent years. The presentation of psittacosis infection varied widely, from none to severe symptoms. Mainly, psittacosis infection presents with pulmonary manifestations. Here, we report the case of a 60-year-old female patient with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia complicated by myocarditis. After administering antibiotics, the patient recovered from severe atypical pneumonia and myocarditis. In general, Chlamydia psittaci rarely induces myocarditis. Moreover, the optimal therapeutic strategies remain unclear for such cases, especially with a high troponin T level. Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) can provide a quick and effective diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia; early intervention (antibiotic therapy and nutritional supplements for myocarditis) favors a good outcome, although complications may worsen the condition. Therefore, more studies are required to help improve understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongda Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyan He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Pal S, Slepenkin A, Felgner J, Huw Davies D, Felgner P, de la Maza LM. Evaluation of Four Adjuvant Combinations, IVAX-1, IVAX-2, CpG-1826+Montanide ISA 720 VG and CpG-1018+Montanide ISA 720 VG, for Safety and for Their Ability to Elicit Protective Immune Responses in Mice against a Respiratory Challenge with Chlamydia muridarum. Pathogens 2023; 12:863. [PMID: 37513710 PMCID: PMC10383793 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to produce a vaccine for Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Here, using the Chlamydia muridarum major outer membrane protein (MOMP) as an antigen, four adjuvant combinations IVAX-1 (MPLA+CpG-1018+AddaVax), IVAX-2 (MPLA+CpG-1018+AS03), CpG-1826+Montanide ISA 720 VG (CpG-1826+Mont) and CpG-1018+Montanide ISA 720 VG (CpG-1018+Mont), were tested for their local reactogenicity and ability to elicit protection in BALB/c mice against a respiratory challenge with C. muridarum. Immunization with IVAX-1 or IVAX-2 induced no significant local reactogenicity following intramuscular immunization. In contrast, vaccines containing Montanide resulted in the formation of a local granuloma. Based on the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio in serum, the four adjuvant combinations elicited Th1-biased responses. IVAX-1 induced the highest in vitro neutralization titers while CpG-1018+Mont stimulated the lowest. As determined by the levels of IFN-γ produced by T-cells, the most robust cellular immune responses were elicited in mice immunized with CpG-1018+Mont, while the weakest responses were mounted by mice receiving IVAX-1. Following the respiratory challenge, mice immunized with CpG-1018+Mont lost the least amount of body weight and had the lowest number of C. muridarum inclusion-forming units (IFUs) in the lungs, while those receiving IVAX-2 had lost the most weight and had the highest number of IFUs in their lungs. Animals vaccinated with CpG-1826+Mont had the lightest lungs while those immunized using IVAX-2 had the heaviest. To conclude, due to their safety and adjuvanticity, IVAX formulations should be considered for inclusion in human vaccines against Chlamydia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumar Pal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anatoli Slepenkin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jiin Felgner
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - D Huw Davies
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Philip Felgner
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Luis M de la Maza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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23
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Huang W, Hu S, Zhu Y, Liu S, Zhou X, Fang Y, Lu Y, Wang R. Metagenomic surveillance and comparative genomic analysis of Chlamydia psittaci in patients with pneumonia. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1157888. [PMID: 37323913 PMCID: PMC10265514 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1157888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci, a strictly intracellular bacterium, is an underestimated etiologic agent leading to infections in a broad range of animals and mild illness or pneumonia in humans. In this study, the metagenomes of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from the patients with pneumonia were sequenced and highly abundant C. psittaci was found. The target-enriched metagenomic reads were recruited to reconstruct draft genomes with more than 99% completeness. Two C. psittaci strains from novel sequence types were detected and these were closely related to the animal-borne isolates derived from the lineages of ST43 and ST28, indicating the zoonotic transmissions of C. psittaci would benefit its prevalence worldwide. Comparative genomic analysis combined with public isolate genomes revealed that the pan-genome of C. psittaci possessed a more stable gene repertoire than those of other extracellular bacteria, with ~90% of the genes per genome being conserved core genes. Furthermore, the evidence for significantly positive selection was identified in 20 virulence-associated gene products, particularly bacterial membrane-embedded proteins and type three secretion machines, which may play important roles in the pathogen-host interactions. This survey uncovered novel strains of C. psittaci causing pneumonia and the evolutionary analysis characterized prominent gene candidates involved in bacterial adaptation to immune pressures. The metagenomic approach is of significance to the surveillance of difficult-to-culture intracellular pathogens and the research into molecular epidemiology and evolutionary biology of C. psittaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqin Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhe Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, PLA 905 Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingya Zhou
- Genoxor Medical Science and Technology Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Genoxor Medical Science and Technology Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Wang C, Jin Y, Wang J, Zheng K, Lei A, Lu C, Wang S, Wu Y. Protective Immunity against Chlamydia psittaci Lung Infection Induced by a DNA Plasmid Vaccine Carrying CPSIT_p7 Gene Inhibits Dissemination in BALB/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087013. [PMID: 37108176 PMCID: PMC10138700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci), a zoonotic pathogen, poses a potential threat to public health security and the development of animal husbandry. Vaccine-based preventative measures for infectious diseases have a promising landscape. DNA vaccines, with many advantages, have become one of the dominant candidate strategies in preventing and controlling the chlamydial infection. Our previous study showed that CPSIT_p7 protein is an effective candidate for a vaccine against C. psittaci. Thus, this study evaluated the protective immunity of pcDNA3.1(+)/CPSIT_p7 against C. psittaci infection in BALB/c mice. We found that pcDNA3.1(+)/CPSIT_p7 can induce strong humoral and cellular immune responses. The IFN-γ and IL-6 levels in the infected lungs of mice immunized with pcDNA3.1(+)/CPSIT_p7 reduced substantially. In addition, the pcDNA3.1(+)/CPSIT_p7 vaccine diminished pulmonary pathological lesions and reduced the C. psittaci load in the lungs of infected mice. It is worth noting that pcDNA3.1(+)/CPSIT_p7 suppressed C. psittaci dissemination in BALB/c mice. In a word, these results demonstrate that the pcDNA3.1(+)/CPSIT_p7 DNA vaccine has good immunogenicity and immunity protection effectiveness against C. psittaci infection in BALB/c mice, especially pulmonary infection, and provides essential practical experience and insights for the development of a DNA vaccine against chlamydial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yingqi Jin
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jiewen Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Aihua Lei
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chunxue Lu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shuzhi Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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25
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Tim-3 blockade enhances the clearance of Chlamydia psittaci in the lung by promoting a cell-mediated immune response. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109780. [PMID: 36720194 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci is remarkable at disrupting immunity and thus poses a great risk to the animal industry and public health. Immune inhibitory molecule upregulation and the accumulation of specialized cells play key roles in chlamydial clearance. It is clear that the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein 3 receptor (Tim-3) can regulate effector T cells in infectious disease. However, the immunomodulatory effect of Tim-3 in C. psittaci infection remains unknown. Thus, the expression of Tim-3 in effector T cells and its immune regulatory function during C. psittaci infection were investigated. The level of Tim-3 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was meaningfully higher in C. psittaci-infected mice. Blockade of Tim-3 signaling by anti-Tim-3 antibody showed accelerated C. psittaci clearance and less pathological changes in the lung than isotype immunoglobulin treatment. Furthermore, treatment with anti-Tim-3 antibody greatly enhanced the levels of IFN-γ and interleukin (IL)-22/IL-17, which were correlated with an improved Th1- and Th17-mediated immune response, and decreased IL-10, which were related with a decreased Treg immune response. In conclusion, Tim-3 expression in effector T cells negatively regulates Th1 and Th17 immune responses against C. psittaci respiratory infection.
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26
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Xiao J, He J, He Z, Wang C, Li Y, Yan X, Chen Y, Sun Z, Liu J, Liang M, Wu Y. Chlamydia psittaci hypothetical inclusion membrane protein CPSIT_0842 evokes a pro-inflammatory response in monocytes via TLR2/TLR4 signaling pathways. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109693. [PMID: 36889151 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) is an obligate intracellular pathogen that resides within a membrane-bound compartment known as the inclusion. Upon entering the host cell, Chlamydiae secrete numerous proteins to modify the inclusion membrane. Inclusion membrane (Inc) proteins are important pathogenic factors in Chlamydia and play crucial roles in the growth and development of Chlamydia. In the present study, the C. psittaci protein, CPSIT_0842, was identified and shown to localize to the inclusion membrane. Temporal analysis revealed that CPSIT_0842 is an early expression protein of Chlamydia. Moreover, this protein was shown to induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in human monocytes (THP-1 cells) via the TLR2/TLR4 signaling pathway. CPSIT_0842 increases the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and adaptor MyD88. Suppression of TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 markedly attenuated CPSIT_0842-induced production of IL-6 and IL-8. MAP kinases and NF-κB, important downstream molecules of TLR receptors in inflammatory signaling pathways, were also confirmed to be activated by CPSIT_0842. CPSIT_0842-induced production of IL-6 was reliant on activation of the ERK, p38, and NF-κB signaling pathways while IL-8 expression was regulated by the ERK, JNK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Specific inhibitors of these signaling pathways significantly decreased CPSIT_0842-mediated expression of IL-6 and IL-8. Together these findings demonstrate that CPSIT_0842 upregulates the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 via TLR-2/TLR4-mediated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in THP-1 cells. Exploring these molecular mechanisms enhances our understanding of C. psittaci pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of laboratory medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jun He
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of laboratory medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhangping He
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of laboratory medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yan
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhenjie Sun
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jian Liu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of laboratory medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Mingxing Liang
- The Affiliated Huaihua Hospital, Department of laboratory medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, 418000, China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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27
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Ma X, Li J, Chen B, Li X, Ling Z, Feng S, Cao S, Zuo Z, Deng J, Huang X, Cai D, Wen Y, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Peng G, Jiang Y, Gu Y. Analysis of microbial diversity in the feces of Arborophila rufipectus. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1075041. [PMID: 36817108 PMCID: PMC9932278 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1075041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intestinal microbiota composition plays a crucial role in modulating the health of the host. This evaluation indicator is very sensitive and profoundly impacts the protection of endangered species. Currently, information on the gut microbiota of wild birds remains scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the gut microbial community structure and potentially, the pathogen composition of wild Arborophila rufipectus. Methods To guarantee comprehensive data analysis, we collected fecal samples from wild A. rufipectus and Lophura nycthemera in their habitats for two quarters. The 16S rRNA gene was then sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology to examine the intestinal core microbiota, microbial diversity, and potential pathogens with the aim of determining if the composition of the intestinal microflora varies seasonally. Results and Discussion The gut microbiota of A. rufipectus and L. nycthemera primarily comprised four phyla: Proteobacteria (45.98%), Firmicutes (35.65%), Bacteroidetes (11.77%), and Actinobacteria (3.48%), which accounted for 96.88% of the total microbial composition in all samples. At the genus level, core microorganisms were found, including Shigella (10.38%), Clostridium (6.16%), Pseudomonas (3.03%), and Rickettsiella (1.99%). In these genera, certain microbial species have been shown to be pathogenic. This study provides important indicators for analyzing the health status of A. rufipectus and formulating protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junshu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Benping Chen
- Authority of Administration, Sichuan Laojunshan National Nature Reserve, Yibin, China
| | - Xinni Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenwen Ling
- Authority of Administration, Sichuan Laojunshan National Nature Reserve, Yibin, China
| | - Shenglin Feng
- Authority of Administration, Sichuan Laojunshan National Nature Reserve, Yibin, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongjie Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaozhang Jiang
- Department of Bioengineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yaozhang Jiang, ; Yu Gu,
| | - Yu Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yaozhang Jiang, ; Yu Gu,
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28
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Yehia N, Salem HM, Mahmmod Y, Said D, Samir M, Mawgod SA, Sorour HK, AbdelRahman MAA, Selim S, Saad AM, El-Saadony MT, El-Meihy RM, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Tarabily KA, Zanaty AM. Common viral and bacterial avian respiratory infections: an updated review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102553. [PMID: 36965253 PMCID: PMC10064437 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens that cause chronic diseases in birds use the respiratory tract as a primary route of infection, and respiratory disorders are the main leading source of financial losses in the poultry business. Respiratory infections are a serious problem facing the poultry sector, causing severe economic losses. Avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and avian pneumovirus are particularly serious viral respiratory pathogens. Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Staphylococcus, Bordetella avium, Pasteurella multocida, Riemerella anatipestifer, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Escherichia coli have been identified as the most serious bacterial respiratory pathogens in poultry. This review gives an updated summary, incorporating the latest data, about the evidence for the circulation of widespread, economically important poultry respiratory pathogens, with special reference to possible methods for the control and prevention of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Yehia
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Yasser Mahmmod
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain 17155, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalia Said
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Samir
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Sara Abdel Mawgod
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Hend K Sorour
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mona A A AbdelRahman
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rasha M El-Meihy
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluybia 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ali M Zanaty
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
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Wang Z, Chen C, Lu H, Wang L, Gao L, Zhang J, Zhu C, Du F, Cui L, Tan Y. Case report: Clinical characteristics of two cases of pneumonia caused with different strains of Chlamydia psittaci. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1086454. [PMID: 36798086 PMCID: PMC9927004 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1086454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the development of metagenomic sequencing technologies, more and more cases of pneumonia caused with Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) have been reported. However, it remains unknown about the characteristics of patients with pneumonia caused by different strains of C. psittaci. Here, we shared the clinical characteristics of two cases of pneumonia caused with C. psittaci strains SZ18-2 and SZ15 which were rarely identified in humans. Case presentation Case 1: A 69-year-old male farmer who fed ducks presented to hospital for cough, diarrhea and lethargy with the temperature of 39.8°C. Case 2: A 48-year-old male worker who slaughtered ducks was transferred to hospital for high fever, cough, myalgia, diarrhea and loss of appetite. Both patients did not take any protective measures (wearing face masks or gloves) while processing ducks. C. psittaci pneumonia was diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing and polymerase chain reaction. After treatment with doxycycline and azithromycin individually, they recovered well and discharged from hospital. Through OmpA sequencing, two different strains of SZ18-2 and SZ15 were identified in case 1 and case 2, respectively. Conclusions Patients infected with different strains of C. psittaci may own different clinical manifestations. C. psittaci infection should be suspected when pneumonia appears, accompanied by digestive symptoms and multiple organ dysfunction, especially under the exposure of specific birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hu Lu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Furong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Yan Tan, ; Lunbiao Cui,
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Yan Tan, ; Lunbiao Cui,
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Fang C, Xu L, Tan J, Tan H, Lin J, Zhao Z. Case Report: Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia complicated by Guillain-Barré syndrome detected using metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1070760. [PMID: 36755852 PMCID: PMC9901563 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1070760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Psittacosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome are both rare clinical diseases with low incidence, and their combination has rarely been reported. Here, we report a case of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia combined with Guillain-Barré syndrome. The patient initially presented with high fever, difficulty breathing, and fatigue. Chest computerised tomography indicated large consolidation opacities in both lungs. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing clearly identified the pathogen as C. psittaci. The patient's fever subsided after targeted antibiotic treatment, but difficulty breathing and fatigue worsened, and the patient developed symmetric limb numbness and weakness. Lumbar puncture, electrophysiological examination, and clinical characteristics were suggestive of Guillain-Barré syndrome, and the symptoms improved after treatment with human immunoglobulin. The results of this study suggest that metagenomic next-generation sequencing is useful for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary infectious agents. Psittacosis is closely associated with the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome; however, more cases are needed to support this conclusion, and early targeted antibiotic treatment, immunotherapy, and basic supportive treatment are essential for improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changquan Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Limin Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Huizhou First People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiarong Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyi Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhong Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Junhong Lin, ; Ziwen Zhao,
| | - Ziwen Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital Affiliated to South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Junhong Lin, ; Ziwen Zhao,
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Xu L, Zhao Z, Mai H, Tan X, Du Y, Fang C. Clinical and chest computed tomography features associated with severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A multicenter, retrospective, observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32117. [PMID: 36550834 PMCID: PMC9771292 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia is a rare disease with varying clinical presentations. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical and chest computed tomography (CT) features of severe psittacosis pneumonia. Clinical data of 35 patients diagnosed with psittacosis pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing. The patients were classified into severe (n = 20) and non-severe (n = 15) groups. The median age of patients was 54 years, and 27 patients (77.1%) had a definite history of bird contact. Severe patients had more underlying comorbidities and were more prone to dyspnea and consciousness disorders than non-severe patients. The neutrophil count and D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were higher, whereas the lymphocyte, CD3 + T cell, and CD4 + T cell counts, CD4+/CD8 + T cell ratio, and albumin level were substantially lower in severe patients than in non-severe patients. Chest CT findings of severe patients revealed large areas of pulmonary consolidation, and ground-glass opacities were observed in some patients, with a higher risk of involving multiple lobes of the lungs and pleural effusion. One patient died of multiple organ failure, whereas the condition of the other 34 patients improved, and they were discharged from the hospital. Patients with severe psittacosis pneumonia often have underlying comorbidities and are prone to developing dyspnea, consciousness disorder, and lesions in both lungs. Serum D-dimer, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 levels and lymphocyte, CD3 + T cell, and CD4 + T cell counts are associated with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Huizhou First People’s Hospital, Huizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital Affiliated to South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Mai
- Department of Geriatrics, Huizhou First People’s Hospital, Huizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, Huizhou First People’s Hospital, Huizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubin Du
- Department of Geriatrics, Huizhou First People’s Hospital, Huizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changquan Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, People’s Republic of China
- *Correspondence: Changquan Fang, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, People’s Republic of China (e-mail: )
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Mahmud SA, Qureshi MA, Pellegrino MW. On the offense and defense: mitochondrial recovery programs amidst targeted pathogenic assault. FEBS J 2022; 289:7014-7037. [PMID: 34270874 PMCID: PMC9192128 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens employ a variety of tactics to persist in their host and promote infection. Pathogens often target host organelles in order to benefit their survival, either through manipulation or subversion of their function. Mitochondria are regularly targeted by bacterial pathogens owing to their diverse cellular roles, including energy production and regulation of programmed cell death. However, disruption of normal mitochondrial function during infection can be detrimental to cell viability because of their essential nature. In response, cells use multiple quality control programs to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction and promote recovery. In this review, we will provide an overview of mitochondrial recovery programs including mitochondrial dynamics, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt ), and mitophagy. We will then discuss the various approaches used by bacterial pathogens to target mitochondria, which result in mitochondrial dysfunction. Lastly, we will discuss how cells leverage mitochondrial recovery programs beyond their role in organelle repair, to promote host defense against pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraje A Mahmud
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Arlington, TX, USA
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Kowalczyk K, Wójcik-Fatla A. Chlamydia psittaci in Faecal Samples of Feral Pigeons (Columba livia forma urbana) in Urban Areas of Lublin city, Poland. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:367. [PMID: 36253653 PMCID: PMC9576673 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pigeons are a typical host and natural reservoir of Chlamydia psittaci, the etiological agent of avian chlamydiosis, considered as a neglected zoonotic diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of C. psittaci in faecal samples of feral pigeons (Columba livia forma urbana) as a potential source of infection related to the presence of synanthropic birds in urban areas. A total of 143 samples of dry and fresh faeces of feral pigeons, were collected in the city of Lublin (Poland), from April to September 2021. Molecular detection of C. psittaci was performed by nested-PCR and real-time PCR, confirmed by sequencing. Among the collected samples, 5 positive results were obtained in nested-PCR (3.5%), while in real-time PCR, the number of positive samples increased to 11 (7.7%). The positive samples showed 100% identity to the C. psittaci strain AMK (CP047319.1). C. psittaci was found in 7 out of 111 (6.3%) faecal samples collected in public places, and in 4 out of 32 (12.5%) samples from the nesting site (4.9% and 2.8% among a total of 143 samples, respectively). The infection was detected in both dry and fresh faeces (9.1% and 4.5%, respectively). The highest number of positive results was obtained in June—5 (3.5%). Feral pigeons occurring in urban areas are a natural reservoir of C. psittaci posing a potential risk of zoonotic infections. However, further studies on exposure to contaminated pigeon faeces in terms of occupational and non-occupational risk of chlamydiosis are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kowalczyk
- Department of Health Biohazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Angelina Wójcik-Fatla
- Department of Health Biohazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
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Dunislawska A, Pietrzak E, Bełdowska A, Siwek M. Health in poultry- immunity and microbiome with regard to a concept of one health. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The overall concept of OneHealth focuses on health and infectious disease in the context of the relationship between humans, animals, and the environment. In poultry production, there are many opportunities to implement OneHealth by organizing work and introducing appropriate engineering solutions. It is recommended that future research directions include designing and testing solutions to improve air quality and the elimination of antibiotics in the poultry industry. For this to be possible, it is essential to understand the indigenous microbiota of poultry, which plays a crucial role in nutrients, but also restricts the growth of pathogenic organisms. In poultry production, the most important thing is disease control in the herd, high product quality, and product efficiency. Food safety is key for consumers, as some zoonoses are transmitted through the food chain. Moreover, antibiotic resistance of bacteria is becoming a growing threat. For this reason, it is essential to maintain the proper immune status in the herd. Virus disease control in poultry is based on vaccination programs and the maintenance of biosecurity. This chapter aims to present the current state of knowledge in the field of immunity and microbiome of poultry in the context of the OneHealth concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Dunislawska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics , Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology , Mazowiecka 28, 85-796 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pietrzak
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics , Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology , Mazowiecka 28, 85-796 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bełdowska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics , Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology , Mazowiecka 28, 85-796 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Maria Siwek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics , Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology , Mazowiecka 28, 85-796 Bydgoszcz , Poland
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Fang C, Xu L, Tan J, Tan H, Lin J, Zhao Z. Omadacycline for the Treatment of Severe Chlamydia psittaci Pneumonia Complicated with Multiple Organ Failure: A Case Report. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:5831-5838. [PMID: 36217343 PMCID: PMC9547605 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s384296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Psittacosis is a rare zoonotic disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci infection, and tetracyclines are the preferred treatment. Omadacycline is a novel tetracycline that has a strong in vitro antibacterial activity against atypical pathogens, including C. psittaci; however, clinical data for its usage are lacking. We report a patient with severe C. psittaci-induced pneumonia presenting with a high fever, muscle aches, severe hepatic and renal insufficiency, and acute respiratory failure requiring tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. The condition was diagnosed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing. The patient was discharged after treatment with omadacycline. The findings of this study suggest that metagenomic next-generation sequencing is valuable for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of psittacosis. With its good safety profile and no requirement for dose adjustment in special populations, omadacycline is a new option for the treatment of severe C. psittaci pneumonia. However, additional case reports are needed to support this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changquan Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Limin Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Huizhou First People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Hongyi Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Junhong Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, Peoples’ Republic of China,Correspondence: Junhong Lin, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, No. 41 Eling North Road, Huicheng District, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, 516000, Peoples’ Republic of China, Tel +86 130-7528-2839, Email
| | - Ziwen Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital Affiliated to South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, Peoples’ Republic of China,Ziwen Zhao, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital Affiliated to South China University of Technology, No. 1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510180, Peoples’ Republic of China, Tel +86 130-0687-2260, Email
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36
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Khadka S, Timilsina B, Pangeni RP, Regmi PR, Thapa AS. Importance of clinical history in the diagnosis of psittacosis: A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 82:104695. [PMID: 36268359 PMCID: PMC9577640 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sulochana Khadka
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Corresponding author.
| | - Bibek Timilsina
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | - Anupam Singh Thapa
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
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37
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White RT, Anstey SI, Kasimov V, Jenkins C, Devlin J, El-Hage C, Pannekoek Y, Legione AR, Jelocnik M. One clone to rule them all: Culture-independent genomics of Chlamydia psittaci from equine and avian hosts in Australia. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 36269227 PMCID: PMC9676050 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci is an avian pathogen with zoonotic potential. In Australia, C. psittaci has been well reported as a cause of reproductive loss in mares which subsequently have been the source of infection and illness in some in-contact humans. To date, molecular typing studies describe the predominant and clonal C. psittaci sequence type (ST)24 strains in horse, psittacine, and human infections. We sought to assess the clonality between ST24 strains and the emergence of equine ST24 with a comprehensive genomics approach. We used culture-independent probe-based and metagenomic whole-genome sequencing to investigate 13 C. psittaci genomes from horses, psittacines, and a pigeon from Australia. Published genomes of 36 C. psittaci strains were also used to contextualise our Australian dataset and investigate lineage diversity. We utilised a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based clustering and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) approach. C. psittaci has four major phylogenetic groups (PG1-4) based on core-genome SNP-based phylogeny. PG1 contained clonal global and Australian equine, psittacine, and human ST24 genomes, with a median pairwise SNP distance of 68 SNPs. PG2, PG3, and PG4 had greater genomic diversity, including diverse STs collected from birds, livestock, human, and horse hosts from Europe and North America and a racing pigeon from Australia. We show that the clustering of C. psittaci by MLST was congruent with SNP-based phylogeny. The monophyletic ST24 clade has four major sub-lineages. The genomes of 17 Australian human, equine, and psittacine strains collected between 2008 and 2021 formed the predominant ST24 sub-lineage 1 (emerged circa 1979). Despite a temporal distribution of 13 years, the genomes within sub-lineage 1 had a median pairwise SNP distance of 32 SNPs, suggesting a recent population expansion or potential cross-host transmission. However, two C. psittaci genomes collected in 2015 from Victorian parrots clustered into distinct ST24 sub-lineage 4 (emerged circa 1965) with ovine strain C19/98 from Germany. This work describes a comprehensive phylogenomic characterisation of ST24 and identifies a timeline of potential bird-to-equine spillover events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys T White
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Centre for Bioinnovation, Sippy Downs, Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4557, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Susan I Anstey
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Centre for Bioinnovation, Sippy Downs, Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4557, Australia
| | - Vasilli Kasimov
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Centre for Bioinnovation, Sippy Downs, Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4557, Australia
| | - Cheryl Jenkins
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, New South Wales 2568, Australia
| | - Joanne Devlin
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Veterinary School, Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Charles El-Hage
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Veterinary School, Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yvonne Pannekoek
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam 1105, The Netherlands
| | - Alistair R Legione
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Veterinary School, Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Martina Jelocnik
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Centre for Bioinnovation, Sippy Downs, Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4557, Australia
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A Systematic Review of the Distribution of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Wild Animals and Their Ticks in the Mediterranean Rim between 2000 and 2021. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091858. [PMID: 36144460 PMCID: PMC9504443 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) can be divided into three groups: bacteria, parasites, and viruses. They are transmitted by a wide range of tick species and cause a variety of human, animal, and zoonotic diseases. A total of 148 publications were found on tick-borne pathogens in wild animals, reporting on 85 species of pathogens from 35 tick species and 17 wild animal hosts between 2000 and February 2021. The main TBPs reported were of bacterial origin, including Anaplasma spp. and Rickettsia spp. A total of 72.2% of the TBPs came from infected ticks collected from wild animals. The main tick genus positive for TBPs was Ixodes. This genus was mainly reported in Western Europe, which was the focus of most of the publications (66.9%). It was followed by the Hyalomma genus, which was mainly reported in other areas of the Mediterranean Rim. These TBPs and TBP-positive tick genera were reported to have come from a total of 17 wild animal hosts. The main hosts reported were game mammals such as red deer and wild boars, but small vertebrates such as birds and rodents were also found to be infected. Of the 148 publications, 12.8% investigated publications on Mediterranean islands, and 36.8% of all the TBPs were reported in seven tick genera and 11 wild animal hosts there. The main TBP-positive wild animals and tick genera reported on these islands were birds and Hyalomma spp. Despite the small percentage of publications focusing on ticks, they reveal the importance of islands when monitoring TBPs in wild animals. This is especially true for wild birds, which may disseminate their ticks and TBPs along their migration path.
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Begg AP, Carrick J, Chicken C, Blishen A, Todhunter K, Eamens K, Jenkins C. Fetoplacental pathology of equine abortion, premature birth, and neonatal loss due to Chlamydia psittaci. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:983-996. [PMID: 36062911 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221120008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the fetoplacental pathology of Chlamydia psittaci-associated abortion, premature birth, and neonatal loss in 46 of 442 equine abortion investigations between 2015 and 2019. Seven abortions, 26 premature births, and 13 neonatal deaths with positive C. psittaci polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were evaluated. In 83% of cases (38/46), C. psittaci infection was considered as the primary cause of loss based on quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmation, pathological findings, and exclusion of other causes, and was supported by Chlamydia spp immunolabeling in fetoplacental lesions. Lymphohistiocytic placentitis with vasculitis (36/38) affected the amnion, umbilical cord, and chorioallantois at the umbilical vessel insertion and/or cervical pole. Lymphohistiocytic chorionitis in the subvillous stroma extended to the allantois mostly without villous destruction. Lymphohistiocytic amnionitis and funisitis occurred at the amniotic cord attachment. Lymphohistiocytic hepatitis was observed in 19/38 cases and pneumonia was identified in 26 cases. Chlamydia spp immunolabeled in placenta, lung, liver, or splenic tissue in the cases that were tested (14/38). C. psittaci infection was not the cause of loss in 2 cases with other diseases and of uncertain significance in 6 cases with no conclusive cause of loss. immunohistochemistry (IHC) was negative for 6 of these cases (6/8). The highest Chlamydia load was detected in pooled placental tissues by qPCR. qPCR and IHC had 83% congruence at a qPCR cut-off of 1 gene copy. IHC limits of detection corresponded to infections with 2 × 102 gene copies identified by qPCR. This study confirms the etiological role of C. psittaci as a cause of naturally occurring equine reproductive loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Carrick
- Equine Specialist Consulting, Scone, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Anna Blishen
- Scone Equine Hospital Laboratory, Scone, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kieran Eamens
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Cheryl Jenkins
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW, Australia
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Zhang Z, Wang P, Ma C, Wang J, Li W, Quan C, Cao H, Guo H, Wang L, Yan C, Carr MJ, Meng L, Shi W. Host inflammatory response is the major factor in the progression of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929213. [PMID: 36119044 PMCID: PMC9478202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeChlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) has caused sporadic, but recurring, fatal community-acquired pneumonia outbreaks worldwide, posing a serious threat to public health. Our understanding of host inflammatory responses to C. psittaci is limited, and many bronchitis cases of psittaci have rapidly progressed to pneumonia with deterioration.MethodsTo clarify the host inflammatory response in psittacosis, we analyzed clinical parameters, and compared transcriptomic data, concentrations of plasma cytokines/chemokines, and changes of immune cell populations in 17 laboratory-confirmed psittacosis cases, namely, 8 pneumonia and 9 bronchitis individuals, in order to assess transcriptomic profiles and pro-inflammatory responses.ResultsPsittacosis cases with pneumonia were found to have abnormal routine blood indices, liver damage, and unilateral pulmonary high-attenuation consolidation. Transcriptome sequencing revealed markedly elevated expression of several pro-inflammatory genes, especially interleukins and chemokines. A multiplex-biometric immunoassay showed that pneumonia cases had higher levels of serum cytokines (G-CSF, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, IP-10, MCP-3, and TNF-α) than bronchitis cases. Increases in activated neutrophils and decreases in the number of lymphocytes were also observed in pneumonia cases.ConclusionWe identified a number of plasma biomarkers distinct to C. psittaci pneumonia and a variety of cytokines elevated with immunopathogenic potential likely inducing an inflammatory milieu and acceleration of the disease progression of psittaci pneumonia. This enhances our understanding of inflammatory responses and changes in vascular endothelial markers in psittacosis with heterogeneous symptoms and should prove helpful for developing both preventative and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Peihan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chuansong Quan
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Huae Cao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xintai Third People’s Hospital, Xintai, China
| | - Hongfeng Guo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xintai Third People’s Hospital, Xintai, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Chengxin Yan
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Michael J. Carr
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ling Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Weifeng Shi, ; Ling Meng,
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Weifeng Shi, ; Ling Meng,
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Kasimov V, Dong Y, Shao R, Brunton A, Anstey SI, Hall C, Chalmers G, Conroy G, Booth R, Timms P, Jelocnik M. Emerging and well-characterized chlamydial infections detected in a wide range of wild Australian birds. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e3154-e3170. [PMID: 35041298 PMCID: PMC9786873 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Birds can act as successful long-distance vectors and reservoirs for numerous zoonotic bacterial, parasitic and viral pathogens, which can be a concern given the interconnectedness of animal, human and environmental health. Examples of such avian pathogens are members of the genus Chlamydia. Presently, there is a lack of research investigating chlamydial infections in Australian wild and captive birds and the subsequent risks to humans and other animals. In our current study, we investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of chlamydial organisms infecting wild birds from Queensland and the rate of co-infections with beak and feather disease virus (BFDV). We screened 1114 samples collected from 564 different birds from 16 orders admitted to the Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital from May 2019 to February 2021 for Chlamydia and BFDV. Utilizing species-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays, we revealed an overall Chlamydiaceae prevalence of 29.26% (165/564; 95% confidence interval (CI) 25.65-33.14), including 3.19% (18/564; 95% CI 2.03-4.99%) prevalence of the zoonotic Chlamydia psittaci. Chlamydiaceae co-infection with BFDV was detected in 9.75% (55/564; 95% CI 7.57-12.48%) of the birds. Molecular characterization of the chlamydial 16S rRNA and ompA genes identified C. psittaci, in addition to novel and other genetically diverse Chlamydia species: avian Chlamydia abortus, Ca. Chlamydia ibidis and Chlamydia pneumoniae, all detected for the first time in Australia within a novel avian host range (crows, figbirds, herons, kookaburras, lapwings and shearwaters). This study shows that C. psittaci and other emerging Chlamydia species are prevalent in a wider range of avian hosts than previously anticipated, potentially increasing the risk of spill-over to Australian wildlife, livestock and humans. Going forward, we need to further characterize C. psittaci and other emerging Chlamydia species to determine their exact genetic identity, potential reservoirs, and factors influencing infection spill-over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilli Kasimov
- School of ScienceTechnology and EngineeringUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsAustralia,Genecology Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsAustralia
| | - Yalun Dong
- School of ScienceTechnology and EngineeringUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsAustralia,Genecology Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsAustralia
| | - Renfu Shao
- School of ScienceTechnology and EngineeringUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsAustralia,Genecology Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsAustralia
| | - Aaron Brunton
- School of ScienceTechnology and EngineeringUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsAustralia,Genecology Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsAustralia
| | - Susan I. Anstey
- School of ScienceTechnology and EngineeringUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsAustralia,Genecology Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsAustralia
| | - Clancy Hall
- School of ScienceTechnology and EngineeringUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsAustralia
| | - Gareth Chalmers
- School of ScienceTechnology and EngineeringUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsAustralia
| | - Gabriel Conroy
- School of ScienceTechnology and EngineeringUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsAustralia,Genecology Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsAustralia
| | | | - Peter Timms
- Genecology Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsAustralia
| | - Martina Jelocnik
- Genecology Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsAustralia
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De Meyst A, Aaziz R, Pex J, Braeckman L, Livingstone M, Longbottom D, Laroucau K, Vanrompay D. Prevalence of New and Established Avian Chlamydial Species in Humans and Their Psittacine Pet Birds in Belgium. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091758. [PMID: 36144360 PMCID: PMC9500992 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence and zoonotic transfer of four different avian Chlamydia spp. was assessed in an epidemiological study in a psittacine bird population and its owners. Fecal swabs from 84 pet birds and pharyngeal swabs from 22 bird owners were collected from 21 locations in Flanders. Samples were examined using established and novel PCR platforms combined with culture on PCR-positive samples. Chlamydiaceae DNA was detected in 33 of 84 (39.3%) birds. The predominant part of the avian infections could be attributed to C. psittaci (22 of 84; 26.2%), followed by C. avium (11 of 84; 13.1%). C. gallinacea and C. abortus were not detected in birds or humans. C. psittaci was the only species detected in pet bird owners (4 of 22; 18.2%), stressing its zoonotic importance. This study showed that C. psittaci and the more recently discovered novel avian species C. avium are undoubtedly present in the Flemish psittacine bird population. Our results justify additional research in a larger psittacine bird population and its owners, focusing on C. psittaci and C. avium. In the meantime, increased awareness among pet bird owners and the implementation of preventive measures in the pet bird industry is advised to limit the circulation of established and novel emerging avian chlamydial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne De Meyst
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-09-264-5972
| | - Rachid Aaziz
- Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses, University Paris-Est, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Joachim Pex
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lutgart Braeckman
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Morag Livingstone
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - David Longbottom
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Karine Laroucau
- Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses, University Paris-Est, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Tang J, Tan W, Luo L, Xu H, Li N. Application of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in the Diagnosis of Pneumonia Caused by Chlamydia psittaci. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0238421. [PMID: 35938720 PMCID: PMC9431268 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02384-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psittacosis is an uncommon disease which mainly presents as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aim to apply metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) as a promising tool in the diagnosis of psittacosis pneumonia and to describe its clinical spectrum to provide physicians with a better understanding and recognition of this disease. Thirteen cases of psittacosis pneumonia were diagnosed by using mNGS. A retrospective analysis of the data on clinical manifestations, laboratory data, computed tomography (CT) images, new diagnosis tools, treatments, and outcomes was summarized. These patients had common symptoms of fever and weakness; some had poor appetite, cough, myalgia, and headache. Ten patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), among which six patients were severe pneumonia cases and needed ventilator therapy. Most patients got psittacosis pneumonia during the cold season. Ten cases were sporadic, but three were family clustering. All of the 13 patients were traced to an exposure history to birds, cat, or poultry, among which 2 only touched the innards of killed poultry before cooking, which may be an atypical exposure history not been reported before, to our knowledge. Most patients had various degrees of liver dysfunction. Air-space consolidations, along with ground-glass opacities and reticular shadows, were detected on chest CT scan. mNGS takes 48 to 72 h to provide results and helps to diagnose psittacosis. After being diagnosed by mNGS, with effective medicines, all patients finally had complete recoveries. The use of mNGS can improve the diagnostic rate of psittacosis pneumonia and shorten the course of disease control. IMPORTANCE Psittacosis pneumonia is easily underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. In this study, we use mNGS in the diagnosis of psittacosis pneumonia. We found this disease is prone in the cold season, and touching the innards of killed poultry during cooking may be an atypical exposure history which has not been reported before to our knowledge. There are sporadic cases and family outbreak cases as well. Except for typical symptoms of fever and weakness, headache may be the main and only symptom in some patients. The rate of severe pneumonia is high among inpatients with psittacosis pneumonia, and the incidence of hepatic involvements is also high. Psittacosis pneumonia can be cured if the diagnosis is accurate and in time, even if it is severe pneumonia on admission. Some problems worthy of our attention about psittacosis pneumonia were put forward, such as its sick season, special exposure history, the rate of severe disease, and the high cure rate. mNGS can quickly and objectively detect more rare pathogenic microorganisms in clinical specimens without the need for specific amplification and has an advantage in the diagnosis of rare pathogenic bacteria in difficult cases such as psittacosis pneumonia. The use of mNGS can improve the accuracy and reduce the delay in the diagnosis of psittacosis, which shortens the course of disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanmei Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingxin Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Xu
- Vision Medicals Center for Infection Disease, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Li H, Hao B, Wang Y, Yu D, Chen Z, Du D, Xiong J, Li K, Zhang H, Liu X, Liu K, Xiao F, Cheng X, Huang L. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2022; 16:513-521. [PMID: 35724965 PMCID: PMC9329019 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia and evaluate the diagnostic value of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS). A total of 44 patients diagnosed with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia using mNGS were retrospectively analysed. The demographic and clinical features, laboratory data, imaging findings and clinical outcomes were collected. Results showed that 65.91% of the patients had a history of exposure to poultry or birds. All patients presented with fever. Apart from systemic and respiratory symptoms, some patients also presented with digestive and neurological symptoms. Respiratory failure was common among patients. The key laboratory tests were normal white blood cell counts, slightly elevated PCT, changes in levels of cardiac enzymes, liver enzymes and hyponatremia. Chest imaging revealed that most of the lesions contained patchy exudation or lobar consolidation of one lobe, especially in the lower lobe. Consolidation of both lungs was seen in critically ill patients. Although quinolones were effective in most patients, tetracyclines should be the first choice of treatment. The overall prognosis was good; however, patients who developed severe pneumonia had poor prognosis. The incidence of chlamydia psittaci pneumonia may be underestimated due to the nonspecific clinical manifestations and lack of confirmatory testing methods. The use of mNGS has increased the number of patients diagnosed with chlamydia psittaci pneumonia. mNGS is an effective diagnostic method for chlamydia psittaci pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Department of Imaging, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Binwei Hao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongxue Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Dinghong Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhonghua Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Duanlin Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hengping Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Fanrong Xiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaosan Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lingmei Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
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Zhang Z, Zhou H, Cao H, Ji J, Zhang R, Li W, Guo H, Chen L, Ma C, Cui M, Wang J, Chen H, Ding G, Yan C, Dong L, Holmes EC, Meng L, Hou P, Shi W. Human-to-human transmission of Chlamydia psittaci in China, 2020: an epidemiological and aetiological investigation. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2022; 3:e512-e520. [PMID: 35617977 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia psittaci can infect a wide range of avian species, occasionally causing psittacosis (also known as parrot fever) in humans. Most human psittacosis cases are associated with close contact with pet birds or poultry. In December, 2020, an outbreak of severe community-acquired pneumonia of unknown aetiology was reported in a hospital in Shandong province, China, and some of the patients' close contacts had respiratory symptoms. Our aims were to determine the causative agent of this epidemic and whether there had been human-to-human transmission. METHODS For this epidemiological and aetiological investigation study, we enrolled patients who had community-acquired pneumonia confirmed by chest CT at two local hospitals in Shandong Province in China. We collected sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and nasopharyngeal swab samples from participants and detected pathogens by surveying for 22 target respiratory microbes using a commercial assay, followed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing, specific nested PCR, and qPCR tests. We excluded individuals who were C psittaci-negative on both tests. We recruited close contacts of the C psittaci-positive patients, and tested nasopharyngeal swabs from the close contacts and samples from ducks from the processing plant where these patients worked. We then integrated the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data to reveal the potential chain of transmission of C psittaci that characterised this outbreak. FINDINGS Between Dec 4 and 29, 2020, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing and different PCR-based approaches to test 12 inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia, of whom six (50%) were workers at a duck-meat processing plant and two (17%) were unemployed people, who were positive for C psittaci and enrolled in this study. We contacted 61 close contacts of the six patients who worked at the duck-meat processing plant, of whom 61 (100%) were enrolled and tested, and we determined that the community-acquired pneumonia outbreak was caused by C psittaci. Within the outbreak cluster, 17 (77%) of 22 participants had confirmed C psittaci infections and five (23%) of 22 participants were asymptomatic C psittaci carriers. The outbreak had begun with avian-to-human transmission, and was followed by secondary and tertiary human-to-human transmission, which included transmission by several asymptomatic carriers and by health-care workers. In addition, some of the participants with confirmed C psittaci infection had no identified source of infection, which suggested cryptic bacterial transmission. INTERPRETATION Our study data might represent the first documented report of human-to-human transmission of C psittaci in China. Therefore, C psittaci has the potential to evolve human-to-human transmission via various routes, should be considered an elevated biosecurity and emergent risk, and be included as part of the routine diagnosis globally, especially for high-risk populations. FUNDING Academic Promotion Programme of Shandong First Medical University, National Science and Technology Major Project, ARC Australian Laureate Fellowship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aetiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aetiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Huae Cao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xintai Third People's Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Jingkai Ji
- Key Laboratory of Aetiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Tai'an, Tai'an, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongfeng Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xintai Third People's Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xintai Third People's Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Chuanmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Aetiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Mingxue Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aetiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aetiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Ji'ning, China
| | - Guoyong Ding
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Chengxin Yan
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ling Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Peiqiang Hou
- Clinical Laboratory, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Tai'an, Tai'an, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aetiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China; School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.
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Yang M, Yang DH, Yang H, Ding SZ, Liu CH, Yin HM, Liu D, Chen P, Luo H. Clinical Characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci Pneumonia Infection in Central South China. Infect Dis Ther 2022; 11:1631-1647. [PMID: 35723864 PMCID: PMC9207437 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia has been a global public health hotspot in recent years. Although some scattered cases of C. psittaci pneumonia have been reported, there is a lack of large case studies worldwide. Methods In this multicenter, observational study, we recruited all consecutive patients with confirmed C. psittaci pneumonia from October 4, 2018, to October 23, 2020, in nine tertiary general hospitals in Central-South China. Epidemiologic and clinical data from patients’ electronic medical records were collected and analyzed. Results One hundred and sixteen patients with C. psittaci pneumonia were included in the study. The mean age was 59.7 years. Fever (96.6%) and cough (65.5%) were the most common clinical symptoms. Most patients presented with an increase in the proportion of neutrophils, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, LDH, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and a significant decrease in lymphocytes. The main CT lung findings were consolidation (81%) and pleural effusion (35.3%), and bilateral lung consolidation was mainly found in severe patients. Chlamydia psittaci DNA was detected in BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) or blood samples by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in all patients. Use of quinolone was associated with shorter length of hospital stay and fever duration after antibiotic use. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that respiratory support was associated with both severe pneumonia and in-hospital death. Conclusions The clinical phenotype of C. psittaci pneumonia is complex and variable. mNGS is helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of C. psittaci pneumonia, and early treatment with quinolone may benefit patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40121-022-00662-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Dan-Hui Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Normal University), Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shui-Zi Ding
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Cai-Hong Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-Ming Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Medical College (Huaihua Third People's Hospital), Huaihua, 418001, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changsha Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Changsha Eighth Hospital), Changsha, 410100, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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47
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Jiao J, Qi Y, He P, Wan W, OuYang X, Yu Y, Wen B, Xiong X. Development of a Lateral Flow Strip-Based Recombinase-Aided Amplification for Active Chlamydia psittaci Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:928025. [PMID: 35770169 PMCID: PMC9234530 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.928025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci is the causative agent of psittacosis, a worldwide zoonotic disease. A rapid, specific, and sensitive diagnostic assay would be benefit for C. psittaci infection control. In this study, an assay combining recombinase-aided amplification and a lateral flow strip (RAA-LF) for the detection of active C. psittaci infection was developed. The RAA-LF assay targeted the CPSIT_RS02830 gene of C. psittaci and could be accomplished in 15 min at a single temperature (39°C). The analytical sensitivity of the assay was as low as 1 × 100 copies/μl and no cross-reaction with some other intracellular pathogens was observed. Moreover, all feces samples from mice infected with C. psittaci at day-1 post-infection were positive in the RAA-LF assay. In conclusion, the RAA-LF assay provides a convenient, rapid, specific and sensitive method for detection of active C. psittaci infection and it is also suitable for C. psittaci detection in field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Qi
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Peisheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan OuYang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Bohai Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolu Xiong,
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Li Q, Chen S, Yan Z, Fang H, Wang Z, He C. A Novel Intranasal Vaccine With PmpGs + MOMP Induces Robust Protections Both in Respiratory Tract and Genital System Post Chlamydia psittaci Infection. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:855447. [PMID: 35529835 PMCID: PMC9072866 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.855447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) is a crucial zoonotic pathogen that causes severe respiratory and reproductive system disease in humans and animals. In our pioneer study, polymorphic membrane protein G (PmpG) mediated attachment to host cells as the adhesions and induced immunity against C. psittaci infection. We hypothesize that multiple PmpG antigens adjuvanted with Vibrio cholerae ghost (VCG) and chitosan gel might trigger full protection via the intranasal route (i.n). In the present study, 40 SPF chickens were randomly divided into four groups, including the PmpGs + MOMP group (i.n), major outer membrane protein (MOMP) group (i.n), PmpGs (Pmp17G + Pmp20G + Pmp21G) group (i.n), and control groups (VCG + chitosan gel) (i.n). Post twice immunizations, the PmpGs + MOMP group yielded highly level-specific IgG, IgA antibodies, and lymphocyte proliferation. As for cytokines, IFN-γ expression was upregulated significantly, while IL-10 concentration was downregulated in the PmpGs + MOMP group compared with other groups. Post challenge, exudate inflammations in air sacs, bacterial loads in lungs, and bacterial shedding in throat swabs were reduced significantly in the PmpGs + MOMP group. In the second experiment, 100 breeder ducks were divided into the PmpGs + MOMP group (i.n), the commercial MOMP group (via intramuscular injection, i.m), the inactivated EBs group (i.n), and the control group (i.n), 25 ducks per group. Post challenge, the reduced egg production recovered soon in the inactivated EBs group and the PmpGs + MOMP group. Moreover, the aforementioned two groups induced higher robust IgG antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation, and IFN-γ secretions than the commercial MOMP vaccine did. Postmortem, lower bacterial loads of spleens were determined in the PmpGs + MOMP group and the inactivated EBs group. However, bacterial clearance of follicular membranes and shedding from the vaginal tract were not significant differences among the three tested groups. Furthermore, the PmpGs + MOMP group induced lower inflammations in the follicles and oviducts. Based on the above evidence, the combination of PmpGs and MOMP adjuvanted with chitosan gel and VCG via intranasal route could induce full protection both in the respiratory system and genital tract post C. psittaci infection. More importantly, the combination antigens are superior to the inactivated EBs antigen due to no contamination to the environment and less genital inflammation. The combination of PmpGs + MOMP adjuvanted with VCG and chitosan gel might be a promising novel vaccine by blocking C. psittaci infection from animals to human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Huanxin Fang
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Zhanxin Wang
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhanxin Wang
| | - Cheng He
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Cheng He
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49
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Marchino M, Rizzo F, Barzanti P, Sparasci OA, Bottino P, Vicari N, Rigamonti S, Braghin S, Aaziz R, Vorimore F, Ru G, Laroucau K, Mandola ML. Chlamydia Species and Related Risk Factors in Poultry in North-Western Italy: Possible Bird-to-Human Transmission for C. gallinacea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042174. [PMID: 35206361 PMCID: PMC8872282 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydiaceae are obligatory intracellular bacteria causing acute and chronic diseases in animals and humans worldwide, with recently discovered species with a still unclear pathogenic potential (i.e., C. gallinacea). In Italy, Chlamydiaceae infections are underestimated both in animals and humans. To estimate the prevalence of Chlamydiaceae species in poultry and occupationally exposed workers on farm, a cross-sectional study was carried out in north-western Italy. A total of 2063 samples from 83 commercial and 31 backyard poultry farms were analysed using real-time PCRs for Chlamydiaceae screening and species typing. Chlamydiaceae were detected in 23 farms, with a herd prevalence of 20.2% (95%CI: 13.2-28.7), higher in backyard farms (38.7%; 95%CI: 21.8-57.8) compared to commercial ones (13.3%; 95%CI: 6.8-22.5). C. gallinacea was found in 18 chicken farms, both commercial and backyard, and C. psittaci only in 3 backyard farms. Exposure to wild birds and factors related to biosecurity resulted the main risk factors associated with Chlamydia positivity. Out of the 113 sputum samples collected from farmers, 16 tested positive to Chlamydiaceae, with a prevalence of 14.2% (95%CI: 8, 3-22). To the best of our knowledge, for the first time at international level, C. gallinacea was detected in humans with farmer positivity associated with farm infectious status, suggesting a bird-to-human transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Marchino
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (P.B.); (O.A.S.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (P.B.); (O.A.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Paola Barzanti
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (P.B.); (O.A.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Oriana Anna Sparasci
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (P.B.); (O.A.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Paolo Bottino
- S.C. Microbiology and Virology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Nadia Vicari
- National Reference Laboratory for Chlamydioses, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Sara Rigamonti
- National Reference Laboratory for Chlamydioses, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Silvia Braghin
- S.C. Sanità Animale, Dipartimento Di Prevenzione, ASL CN1, Via Carlo Boggio 12, 12100 Cuneo, Italy;
| | - Rachid Aaziz
- Laboratory for Animal Health, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, ANSES Maisons-Alfort, Paris-Est University, 94706 Paris, France; (R.A.); (F.V.); (K.L.)
| | - Fabien Vorimore
- Laboratory for Animal Health, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, ANSES Maisons-Alfort, Paris-Est University, 94706 Paris, France; (R.A.); (F.V.); (K.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Ru
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (P.B.); (O.A.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Karine Laroucau
- Laboratory for Animal Health, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, ANSES Maisons-Alfort, Paris-Est University, 94706 Paris, France; (R.A.); (F.V.); (K.L.)
| | - Maria Lucia Mandola
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (P.B.); (O.A.S.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (M.L.M.)
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50
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Ruiz-Laiton A, Molano-Ayala N, García-Castiblanco S, Puentes-Orozco AM, Falla AC, Camargo M, Roa L, Rodríguez-López A, Patarroyo MA, Avendaño C. The prevalence of Chlamydia psittaci in confiscated Psittacidae in Colombia. Prev Vet Med 2022; 200:105591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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