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Scarberry SR, Prutchi H, Frye BM, Herr J, Scott C, Long CM, Jorgensen MJ, Shively CA, Kavanagh K. Development and assessment of a stair ascension challenge as a measure of aging and physical function in nonhuman primates. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23582. [PMID: 38050788 PMCID: PMC10843660 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are valuable models for studying healthspan, including frailty development. Frailty metrics in people centers on functional measures, including usual gait speed which can be predictive of all-cause mortality. This concept that physical competencies are able to prognosticate an individual's health trajectory over chronologic aging is well-accepted and has led to refinements in how physical function is evaluated, and include measures of strength and power along with walking speed. NHP studies of aging require evaluation of physical function, which can be difficult in field and research settings. We compared stair climb velocity to usual walking speed in 28 peri-geriatric to geriatric NHPs, as incorporating a climbing obstacle integrates multiple components of physical function: isolated leg and back strength, proprioception, balance, and range of motion. We find that stair climbing speed was reliable between observers, and whether timing was in-person take from video capture. The stair climb rates were 50% more associated with chronological age than walking speed (R = -0.68 vs. -0.45) and only stair climbing speeds were retained as predictive of age when walking speed and bodyweight were included in multivariate models (overall R2 = 0.44; p < 0.0001). When comparing young (10-16 years) versus geriatric (16-29 years) stair climbing speed was significantly different (p < 0.001), while walking speeds only tended to be slower (p = 0.12) suggesting that the additional challenge of a stair climb better unmasks subclinical frailty development that usual walking speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R. Scarberry
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hannah Prutchi
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brett M. Frye
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biology, Emory and Henry College, Emory, Virginia, USA
| | - Justin Herr
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christie Scott
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chrissy M. Long
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew J. Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carol A. Shively
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
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Smith IC, Herzog W. Assumptions about the cross-sectional shape of skinned muscle fibers can distort the relationship between muscle force and cross-sectional area. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1036-1040. [PMID: 37732377 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00383.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparisons of muscle force output are often performed after normalization to muscle physiological cross-sectional area (CSA). Differences in force per CSA (i.e., specific force) suggest the presence of physiological differences in contractile function. Permeabilized mammalian skeletal muscle fibers frequently exhibit substantial declines in specific force with increasing CSA, suggesting that smaller fibers are intrinsically stronger than larger fibers of the same group. However, the potential for CSA assessment error to account for CSA-dependent differences in specific force has not received adequate attention. Assessment of fiber CSA typically involves measurement of fiber width and perhaps also height, and CSA is calculated by assuming the cross sections are either circular or elliptical with major and minor axes aligned with the optical measurement system. Differences between the assumed and real cross-sectional shapes would cause variability in the ratio of assessed CSA (aCSA) to real CSA (rCSA). This variability can insidiously bias aCSA such that large aCSAs typically overstate rCSAs of the fibers they represent, and small aCSAs typically understate the rCSAs of the fibers they represent. As aCSA is the denominator for the specific force calculation, scatterplots of specific force versus aCSA would be expected to show declines in specific force as aCSA increases without a corresponding effect in a scatterplot of specific force versus rCSA. When comparing active and passive muscle forces between data subsets defined by aCSA, the impact of CSA assessment error should be considered before exploring other physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Smith
- NeuroMuscular Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Houston DK, Marsh AP, Neiberg RH, Demons JL, Campos CL, Kritchevsky SB, Delbono O, Tooze JA. Vitamin D Supplementation and Muscle Power, Strength and Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:1086-1095. [PMID: 37084814 PMCID: PMC10447505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations (<30 ng/mL [<50 nmol/L]) have been associated with muscle weakness and impaired physical performance in observational studies. However, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on changes in muscle strength and physical performance in randomized controlled trials has been mixed. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of daily vitamin D supplementation on leg power, strength, and physical performance in low-functioning older adults with 25(OH)D concentrations of 18 to <30 ng/mL. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 136 low-functioning [Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores ≤10] adults aged 65-89 y with 25(OH)D concentrations of 18 to <30 ng/mL were randomly assigned to 2000 IU/d vitamin D3 or placebo for 12 mo. Lower-extremity leg power (primary outcome), leg and grip strength, SPPB, timed up and go (TUG), postural sway, and gait velocity and spatiotemporal parameters (secondary outcomes) were assessed at baseline, 4 and 12 mo. A subset (n = 37) also underwent a muscle biopsy at baseline and 4 mo and muscle fiber composition and contractile properties were assessed. RESULTS Participants' mean ± SD age and SPPB scores at baseline were 73.4 ± 6.3 y and 7.8 ± 1.8, respectively. Mean ± SD 25(OH)D concentrations at baseline and 12 mo were 19.4 ± 4.2 ng/mL and 28.6 ± 6.7 ng/mL in the vitamin D group and 19.9 ± 4.9 ng/mL and 20.2 ± 5.0 ng/mL in the placebo group for a mean ± SE difference of 9.1 ± 1.1 ng/mL (P < 0.0001). However, there were no differences in change in leg power, leg or grip strength, SPPB score, TUG, postural sway, or gait velocity and spatiotemporal parameters by intervention group over 12 mo or muscle fiber composition and contractile properties over 4 mo. CONCLUSIONS In low-functioning older adults with 25(OH)D concentrations of 18 to <30 ng/mL, randomization to 2000 IU/d vitamin D3 did not result in improvements in leg power, strength, or physical performance or muscle fiber composition and contractile properties. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02015611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise K Houston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Anthony P Marsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca H Neiberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jamehl L Demons
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Claudia L Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Osvaldo Delbono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Janet A Tooze
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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Wang ZM, Messi ML, Rodrigues ACZ, Delbono O. Skeletal muscle sympathetic denervation disrupts the neuromuscular junction postterminal organization: A single-cell quantitative approach. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 120:103730. [PMID: 35489637 PMCID: PMC9793435 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulates skeletal muscle motor innervation and stabilizes the NMJ in health, disease and aging. Previous studies using both chemical (6-hydroxydopamine, 6-OHDA) and microsurgically-induced sympathetic denervation examined the NMJ organization and transmission in the mouse; however, a detailed quantification of the postterminal on larger hindlimb muscles involved in gait mechanics and posture is lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine whether targets of the sympathetic neuron (SN) exhibiting different intrinsic composition such as the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and the slow-twitch soleus muscles differ in their response to SN deprivation, and to develop a strategy to accurately quantify the impact of sympathectomy on the NMJ postterminal including those fibers located deeper in the muscle. This approach included muscle fixed ex vivo or through transcardial perfusion in mice treated with 6-OHDA or control ascorbic acid. We measured NMJ postterminal mean terminal total area, number of postterminal fragments, mean fragment area, and mean distance between fragments in free-floating alpha-bungarotoxin-stained in 1038 isolated muscle fibers. We found that muscle fiber sympathetic innervation plays a crucial role in the structural organization of the motorneuron-myofiber synapse postterminal and its deprivation leads to AChR cluster dispersion or shrinking as described in various neuromuscular diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Min Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - María Laura Messi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Anna Carolina Zaia Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America,the Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Osvaldo Delbono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America,the Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America,Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America,Corresponding author at: Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America. (O. Delbono)
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5
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Single skeletal muscle fiber mechanical properties: a muscle quality biomarker of human aging. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1383-1395. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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6
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Frye BM, Craft S, Latimer CS, Keene CD, Montine TJ, Register TC, Orr ME, Kavanagh K, Macauley SL, Shively CA. Aging-related Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology and functional decline in captive vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23260. [PMID: 33818801 PMCID: PMC8626867 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Age-related neurodegeneration characteristic of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) begins in middle age, well before symptoms. Translational models to identify modifiable risk factors are needed to understand etiology and identify therapeutic targets. Here, we outline the evidence supporting the vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) as a model of aging-related AD-like neuropathology and associated phenotypes including cognitive function, physical function, glucose handling, intestinal physiology, and CSF, blood, and neuroimaging biomarkers. This review provides the most comprehensive multisystem description of aging in vervets to date. This review synthesizes a large body of evidence that suggests that aging vervets exhibit a coordinated suite of traits consistent with early AD and provide a powerful, naturally occurring model for LOAD. Notably, relationships are identified between AD-like neuropathology and modifiable risk factors. Gaps in knowledge and key limitations are provided to shape future studies to illuminate mechanisms underlying divergent neurocognitive aging trajectories and to develop interventions that increase resilience to aging-associated chronic disease, particularly, LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Frye
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
- Wake Forest Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
- J. Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Caitlin S. Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington-Seattle
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington-Seattle
| | | | - Thomas C. Register
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
- Wake Forest Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
- J. Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Miranda E. Orr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Shannon L. Macauley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
- Wake Forest Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
| | - Carol A. Shively
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
- Wake Forest Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
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7
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The emerging role of the sympathetic nervous system in skeletal muscle motor innervation and sarcopenia. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101305. [PMID: 33610815 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Examining neural etiologic factors'role in the decline of neuromuscular function with aging is essential to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia, the age-dependent decline in muscle mass, force and power. Innervation of the skeletal muscle by both motor and sympathetic axons has been established, igniting interest in determining how the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) affect skeletal muscle composition and function throughout the lifetime. Selective expression of the heart and neural crest derivative 2 gene in peripheral SNs increases muscle mass and force regulating skeletal muscle sympathetic and motor innervation; improving acetylcholine receptor stability and NMJ transmission; preventing inflammation and myofibrillar protein degradation; increasing autophagy; and probably enhancing protein synthesis. Elucidating the role of central SNs will help to define the coordinated response of the visceral and neuromuscular system to physiological and pathological challenges across ages. This review discusses the following questions: (1) Does the SNS regulate skeletal muscle motor innervation? (2) Does the SNS regulate presynaptic and postsynaptic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) structure and function? (3) Does sympathetic neuron (SN) regulation of NMJ transmission decline with aging? (4) Does maintenance of SNs attenuate aging sarcopenia? and (5) Do central SN group relays influence sympathetic and motor muscle innervation?
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8
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Rodrigues ACZ, Wang ZM, Messi ML, Bonilla HJ, Liu L, Freeman WM, Delbono O. Heart and neural crest derivative 2-induced preservation of sympathetic neurons attenuates sarcopenia with aging. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:91-108. [PMID: 33258279 PMCID: PMC7890150 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia, or age-dependent decline in muscle force and power, impairs mobility, increasing the risk of falls, institutionalization, co-morbidity, and premature death. The discovery of adrenoceptors, which mediate the effects of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) neurotransmitter norepinephrine on specific tissues, sparked the development of sympathomimetics that have profound influence on skeletal muscle mass. However, chronic administration has serious side effects that preclude their use for muscle-wasting conditions. Interventions that can adjust neurotransmitter release to changing physiological demands depend on understanding how the SNS affects neuromuscular transmission, muscle motor innervation, and muscle mass. METHODS We examined age-dependent expression of the heart and neural crest derivative 2 (Hand2), a critical transcription factor for SN maintenance, and we tested the possibility that inducing its expression exclusively in sympathetic neurons (SN) will prevent (i) motor denervation, (ii) impaired neuromuscular junction (NMJ) transmission, and (iii) loss of muscle mass and function in old mice. To test this hypothesis, we delivered a viral vector carrying Hand2 expression or an empty vector exclusively in SNs by vein injection in 16-month-old C57BL/6 mice that were sacrificed 6 months later. Techniques include RNA-sequencing, real-time PCR, genomic DNA methylation, viral vector construct, tissue immunohistochemistry, immunoblot, confocal microscopy, electrophysiology, and in vivo mouse physical performance. RESULTS Hand2 expression declines throughout life, but inducing its expression increased (i) the number and size of SNs, (ii) muscle sympathetic innervation, (iii) muscle weight and force and whole-body strength, (iv) myofiber size but not muscle fibre-type composition, (v) NMJ transmission and nerve-evoked muscle force, and (vi) motor innervation in old mice. Additionally, the SN controls a set of genes to reduce inflammation and to promote transcription factor activity, cell signalling, and synapse in the skeletal muscle. Hand2 DNA methylation may contribute, at least partially, to gene silencing. CONCLUSIONS Selective expression of Hand2 in the mouse SNs from middle age through old age increases muscle mass and force by (i) regulating skeletal muscle sympathetic and motor innervation; (ii) improving acetylcholine receptor stability and NMJ transmission; (iii) preventing inflammation and myofibrillar protein degradation; (iv) increasing autophagy; and (v) probably enhancing protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carolina Zaia Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Zhong-Min Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - María Laura Messi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Henry Jacob Bonilla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Liang Liu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Osvaldo Delbono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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9
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Ruggiero AD, Davis A, Sherrill C, Westwood B, Hawkins GA, Palmer ND, Chou JW, Reeves T, Cox LA, Kavanagh K. Skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodeling with worsening glycemic control in nonhuman primates. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 320:R226-R235. [PMID: 33206559 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00240.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) development may be mediated by skeletal muscle (SkM) function, which is responsible for >80% of circulating glucose uptake. The goals of this study were to assess changes in global- and location-level gene expression, remodeling proteins, fibrosis, and vascularity of SkM with worsening glycemic control, through RNA sequencing, immunoblotting, and immunostaining. We evaluated SkM samples from health-diverse African green monkeys (Cholorcebus aethiops sabaeus) to investigate these relationships. We assessed SkM remodeling at the molecular level by evaluating unbiased transcriptomics in age-, sex-, weight-, and waist circumference-matched metabolically healthy, prediabetic (PreT2D) and T2D monkeys (n = 13). Our analysis applied novel location-specific gene differences and shows that extracellular facing and cell membrane-associated genes and proteins are highly upregulated in metabolic disease. We verified transcript patterns using immunohistochemical staining and protein analyses of matrix metalloproteinase 16 (MMP16), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2), and VEGF. Extracellular matrix (ECM) functions to support intercellular communications, including the coupling of capillaries to muscle cells, which was worsened with increasing blood glucose. Multiple regression modeling from age- and health-diverse monkeys (n = 33) revealed that capillary density was negatively predicted by only fasting blood glucose. The loss of vascularity in SkM co-occurred with reduced expression of hypoxia-sensing genes, which is indicative of a disconnect between altered ECM and reduced endothelial cells, and known perfusion deficiencies present in PreT2D and T2D. This report supports that rising blood glucose values incite ECM remodeling and reduce SkM capillarization, and that targeting ECM would be a rational approach to improve health with metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistaire D Ruggiero
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ashley Davis
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Chrissy Sherrill
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Brian Westwood
- Department of Hypertension, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gregory A Hawkins
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jeff W Chou
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Tony Reeves
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Laura A Cox
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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10
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Wang ZM, Leng X, Messi ML, Choi SJ, Marsh AP, Nicklas B, Delbono O. Relationship of Physical Function to Single Muscle Fiber Contractility in Older Adults: Effects of Resistance Training With and Without Caloric Restriction. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:412-419. [PMID: 29546320 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies support beneficial effects of both resistance exercise training (RT) and caloric restriction (CR) on skeletal muscle strength and physical performance. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of adding CR to RT on single-muscle fiber contractility responses to RT in older overweight and obese adults. METHODS We analyzed contractile properties in 1,253 single myofiber from muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis, as well as physical performance and thigh muscle volume, in 31 older (65-80 years), overweight or obese (body mass index = 27-35 kg/m2) men (n = 19) and women (n = 12) who were randomly assigned to a standardized, progressive RT intervention with CR (RT+CR; n = 15) or without CR (RT; n = 16) for 5 months. RESULTS Both interventions evoked an increase in force normalized to cross-sectional area (CSA), in type-I and type-II fibers and knee extensor quality. However, these improvements were not different between intervention groups. In the RT group, changes in total thigh fat volume inversely correlated with changes in type-II fiber force (r = -.691; p = .019). Within the RT+CR group, changes in gait speed correlated positively with changes in type-I fiber CSA (r = .561; p = .030). In addition, increases in type-I normalized fiber force were related to decreases in thigh intermuscular fat volume (r = -0.539; p = .038). CONCLUSION Single muscle fiber force and knee extensor quality improve with RT and RT+CR; however, CR does not enhance improvements in single muscle fiber contractility or whole muscle in response to RT in older overweight and obese men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Min Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, North Carolina
- J Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, North Carolina
| | - Xiaoyan Leng
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - María Laura Messi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, North Carolina
- J Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, North Carolina
| | - Seung J Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, North Carolina
| | - Anthony P Marsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Barbara Nicklas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, North Carolina
- J Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, North Carolina
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Osvaldo Delbono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, North Carolina
- J Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, North Carolina
- The Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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11
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Baboon (Papio ursinus) single fibre contractile properties are similar to that of trained humans. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 39:189-199. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Mitchell EL, Davis AT, Brass K, Dendinger M, Barner R, Gharaibeh R, Fodor AA, Kavanagh K. Reduced Intestinal Motility, Mucosal Barrier Function, and Inflammation in Aged Monkeys. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:354-361. [PMID: 28346561 PMCID: PMC6057140 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the general health and intestinal physiology of young and old non-human primates with comparable life histories and dietary environments. DESIGN Vervet monkeys (Chlorcebus aethiops sabaeus) in stable and comparable social and nutritional environments were selected for evaluation. Health phenotype, circulating cytokines and biomarkers of microbial translocation (MT) were measured (n=26-44). Subsets of monkeys additionally had their intestinal motility, intestinal permeability, and fecal microbiomes characterized. These outcomes document age-related intestinal changes present in the absence of nutritional stressors, which are all known to affect gastrointestinal motility, microbiome, and MT. RESULTS We found that old monkeys have greater systemic inflammation and poor intestinal barrier function as compared to young monkeys. Old monkeys have dramatically reduced intestinal motility, and all changes in motility and MT are present without large differences in fecal microbiomes. CONCLUSION We conclude that deteriorating intestinal function is a feature of normal aging and could represent the source of inflammatory burden yet to be explained by disease or diet in normal aging human primate populations. Intestinal changes were seen independent of dietary influences and aging within a consistent environment appears to avoid major microbiome shifts. Our data suggests interventions to promote intestinal motility and mucosal barrier function have the potential to support better health with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Mitchell
- Kylie Kavanagh, DVM, MS, MPH, Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27107, , phone: (336) 713 1745, fax: (336) 716 1515
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Kavanagh K, Brown RN, Davis AT, Uberseder B, Floyd E, Pfisterer B, Shively CA. Microbial translocation and skeletal muscle in young and old vervet monkeys. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:58. [PMID: 27194407 PMCID: PMC5005918 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction leads to microbial translocation (MT) and inflammation in vertebrate and invertebrate animal models. Age is recently recognized as a factor leading to MT, and in some human and animal model studies, MT was associated with physical function. We evaluated sarcopenia, inflammation, MT biomarkers, and muscle insulin sensitivity in healthy female vervet monkeys (6-27 years old). Monkeys were fed consistent diets and had large and varied environments to facilitate physical activity, and stable social conditions. Aging led to sarcopenia as indicated by reduced walking speeds and muscle mass, but general metabolic health was similar in older monkeys (n = 25) as compared to younger ones (n = 26). When older monkeys were physically active, their MT burden approximated that in young monkeys; however, when older monkeys were sedentary, MT burden was dramatically increased. MT levels were positively associated with inflammatory burden and negatively associated with skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. Time spent being active was positively associated with insulin sensitivity as expected, but this relationship was specifically modified by the individual monkey's MT, not inflammatory burden. Our data supports clinical observations that MT interacts with physical function as a factor in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Richelle N Brown
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ashley T Davis
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Beth Uberseder
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Edison Floyd
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Bianca Pfisterer
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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Messi ML, Li T, Wang ZM, Marsh AP, Nicklas B, Delbono O. Resistance Training Enhances Skeletal Muscle Innervation Without Modifying the Number of Satellite Cells or their Myofiber Association in Obese Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:1273-80. [PMID: 26447161 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in humans and animal models provide compelling evidence for age-related skeletal muscle denervation, which may contribute to muscle fiber atrophy and loss. Skeletal muscle denervation seems relentless; however, long-term, high-intensity physical activity appears to promote muscle reinnervation. Whether 5-month resistance training (RT) enhances skeletal muscle innervation in obese older adults is unknown. This study found that neural cell-adhesion molecule, NCAM+ muscle area decreased with RT and was inversely correlated with muscle strength. NCAM1 and RUNX1 gene transcripts significantly decreased with the intervention. Type I and type II fiber grouping in the vastus lateralis did not change significantly but increases in leg press and knee extensor strength inversely correlated with type I, but not with type II, fiber grouping. RT did not modify the total number of satellite cells, their number per area, or the number associated with specific fiber subtypes or innervated/denervated fibers. Our results suggest that RT has a beneficial impact on skeletal innervation, even when started late in life by sedentary obese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Messi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine and J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine and J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Zhong-Min Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine and J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anthony P Marsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Barbara Nicklas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine and J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Osvaldo Delbono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine and J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
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Osteoarthritic changes in vervet monkey knees correlate with meniscus degradation and increased matrix metalloproteinase and cytokine secretion. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1780-9. [PMID: 26033163 PMCID: PMC4642681 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meniscus injury increases osteoarthritis risk but its pathobiology in osteoarthritis is unclear. We hypothesized that older adult vervet monkeys would exhibit knee osteoarthritic changes and the degenerative menisci from these animals would secrete matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. DESIGN In a cross sectional analysis of healthy young adult (9-12 years) and old (19-26 years) adult female vervet monkeys, knees were evaluated in vivo with computed tomography (CT) imaging, and joint tissues were morphologically graded at necropsy. Meniscus explants were subsequently cultured to evaluate meniscal MMP and cytokine secretion. RESULTS CT images revealed significant bony osteoarthritic changes in 80% of older monkeys which included increases in osteophyte number and meniscal calcification. Meniscus and cartilage degradation scores were greater in the older monkeys and were positively correlated (r > 0.7). Menisci from older animals exhibiting osteoarthritic changes secreted significantly more MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-8 than healthy menisci from younger monkeys. Older menisci without significant osteoarthritic changes secreted more IL-7 than healthy young menisci while older osteoarthritic menisci secreted more IL-7 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor than healthy older menisci. CONCLUSIONS Aged vervets develop naturally occurring knee osteoarthritis that includes involvement of the meniscus. Degenerative menisci secreted markedly increased amounts of matrix-degrading enzymes and inflammatory cytokines. These factors would be expected to act on the meniscus tissue and local joint tissues and may ultimately promote osteoarthritis development. These finding also suggest vervet monkeys are a useful animal model for studying the progression of osteoarthritis.
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Santago AC, Plate JF, Shively CA, Register TC, Smith TL, Saul KR. Age-related structural changes in upper extremity muscle tissue in a nonhuman primate model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2015; 24:1660-8. [PMID: 25963066 PMCID: PMC4575823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal studies of upper extremity aging in humans include logistical concerns that animal models can overcome. The vervet is a promising species with which to study aging-related processes. However, age-related changes in upper extremity muscle structure have not been quantified in this species. This study measured age-related changes to muscle structure, examined relationships between muscle structure and measures of physical performance, and evaluated the presence of rotator cuff tears. METHODS Muscle structure (volume, optimal fiber length, and physiologic cross-sectional area (PCSA)) of 10 upper extremity muscles was quantified from the right upper limb of 5 middle-aged and 6 older adult female vervets. RESULTS Total measured PCSA was smaller (P = .001) in the older adult vervets than in the middle-aged vervets. Muscle volume reduction predominate the age-related reductions in PCSA. Total measured PCSA was not correlated to any measures of physical performance. No rotator cuff tears were observed. Supraspinatus volume was relatively larger and deltoid volume relatively smaller in the vervet compared with a human. CONCLUSIONS The vervet is an appropriate translational model for age-related upper extremity muscle volume loss. Functional measures were not correlated to PCSA, suggesting the vervets may have enough strength for normal function despite loss of muscle tissue. Reduced relative demand on the supraspinatus may be responsible for the lack of naturally occurring rotator cuff tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Santago
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Johannes F Plate
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest Primate Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest Primate Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas L Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Katherine R Saul
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Choi SJ, Files DC, Zhang T, Wang ZM, Messi ML, Gregory H, Stone J, Lyles MF, Dhar S, Marsh AP, Nicklas BJ, Delbono O. Intramyocellular Lipid and Impaired Myofiber Contraction in Normal Weight and Obese Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:557-64. [PMID: 26405061 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence implicates the amount and location of fat in aging-related loss of muscle function; however, whether intramyocellular lipids affect muscle contractile capacity is unknown. METHODS We compared both in vivo knee extensor muscle strength, power, and quality and in vitro mechanical properties of vastus lateralis single-muscle fibers between normal weight (NW) and obese older adults and determined the relationship between muscle lipid content (both intramuscular adipose tissue and intramyocellular lipids) and in vivo and in vitro muscle function in NW and obese individuals. RESULTS The obese group had a greater percentage of type-I fibers compared to the NW group. The cross-sectional area of type-I fibers was greater in obese compared to NW; however, maximal shortening velocity of type-I fibers in the obese was slower compared to NW. Type-I and type-IIa fibers from obese group produced lower specific force than that of type-I and type-IIa fibers from the NW group. Normalized power was also substantially lower (~50%) in type-I fibers from obese adults. The intramyocellular lipids data showed that total lipid droplet area, number of lipid droplets, and area fraction were about twofold greater in type-I fibers from the obese compared to the NW group. Interestingly, a significant inverse relationship between average number of lipid droplets and single-fiber unloaded shortening velocity, maximal velocity, and specific power was observed in obese participants. Additionally, muscle echointensity correlated with single-fiber specific force. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that greater intramyocellular lipids are associated with slower myofiber contraction, force, and power development in obese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung J Choi
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine and Present address: Division of Sports and Health, KyungSung University, Busan, South Korea
| | - D Clark Files
- Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Tan Zhang
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine and
| | | | | | | | - John Stone
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine and
| | - Mary F Lyles
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine and
| | - Sanjay Dhar
- Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anthony P Marsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forevst University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Barbara J Nicklas
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine and Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forevst University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Plas RLC, Degens H, Meijer JP, de Wit GMJ, Philippens IHCHM, Bobbert MF, Jaspers RT. Muscle contractile properties as an explanation of the higher mean power output in marmosets than humans during jumping. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:2166-73. [PMID: 25987730 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.117655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The muscle mass-specific mean power output (PMMS,mean) during push-off in jumping in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) is more than twice that in humans. In the present study it was tested whether this is attributable to differences in muscle contractile properties. In biopsies of marmoset m. vastus lateralis (VL) and m. gastrocnemius medialis (GM) (N=4), fibre-type distribution was assessed using fluorescent immunohistochemistry. In single fibres from four marmoset and nine human VL biopsies, the force-velocity characteristics were determined. Marmoset VL contained almost exclusively fast muscle fibres (>99.0%), of which 63% were type IIB and 37% were hybrid fibres, fibres containing multiple myosin heavy chains. GM contained 9% type I fibres, 44% type IIB and 47% hybrid muscle fibres. The proportions of fast muscle fibres in marmoset VL and GM were substantially larger than those reported in the corresponding human muscles. The curvature of the force-velocity relationships of marmoset type IIB and hybrid fibres was substantially flatter than that of human type I, IIA, IIX and hybrid fibres, resulting in substantially higher muscle fibre mass-specific peak power (PFMS,peak). Muscle mass-specific peak power output (PMMS,peak) values of marmoset whole VL and GM, estimated from their fibre-type distributions and force-velocity characteristics, were more than twice the estimates for the corresponding human muscles. As the relative difference in estimated PMMS,peak between marmosets and humans is similar to that of PMMS,mean during push-off in jumping, it is likely that the difference in in vivo mechanical output between humans and marmosets is attributable to differences in muscle contractile properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier L C Plas
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, Amsterdam NL-1081 BT, The Netherlands School of Healthcare Science, Cognitive Motor Function Research Group, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Hans Degens
- School of Healthcare Science, Cognitive Motor Function Research Group, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - J Peter Meijer
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, Amsterdam NL-1081 BT, The Netherlands School of Healthcare Science, Cognitive Motor Function Research Group, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Gerard M J de Wit
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, Amsterdam NL-1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid H C H M Philippens
- Department of Immunobiology, Division Neuropathology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bobbert
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, Amsterdam NL-1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, Amsterdam NL-1081 BT, The Netherlands
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Justice JN, Cesari M, Seals DR, Shively CA, Carter CS. Comparative Approaches to Understanding the Relation Between Aging and Physical Function. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:1243-53. [PMID: 25910845 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite dedicated efforts to identify interventions to delay aging, most promising interventions yielding dramatic life-span extension in animal models of aging are often ineffective when translated to clinical trials. This may be due to differences in primary outcomes between species and difficulties in determining the optimal clinical trial paradigms for translation. Measures of physical function, including brief standardized testing batteries, are currently being proposed as biomarkers of aging in humans, are predictive of adverse health events, disability, and mortality, and are commonly used as functional outcomes for clinical trials. Motor outcomes are now being incorporated into preclinical testing, a positive step toward enhancing our ability to translate aging interventions to clinical trials. To further these efforts, we begin a discussion of physical function and disability assessment across species, with special emphasis on mice, rats, monkeys, and man. By understanding how physical function is assessed in humans, we can tailor measurements in animals to better model those outcomes to establish effective, standardized translational functional assessments with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Justice
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder.
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France. INSERM UMR1207, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Carol A Shively
- Departments of Pathology Section on Comparative Medicine, Public Health Sciences and Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Christy S Carter
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
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Zhang T, Birbrair A, Wang ZM, Messi ML, Marsh AP, Leng I, Nicklas BJ, Delbono O. Improved knee extensor strength with resistance training associates with muscle specific miRNAs in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2015; 62:7-13. [PMID: 25560803 PMCID: PMC4314447 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Regular exercise, particularly resistance training (RT), is the only therapy known to consistently improve muscle strength and quality (force per unit of mass) in older persons, but there is considerable variability in responsiveness to training. Identifying sensitive diagnostic biomarkers of responsiveness to RT may inform the design of a more efficient exercise regimen to improve muscle strength in older adults. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. We quantified six muscle specific miRNAs (miR-1, -133a, -133b, -206, -208b and -499) in both muscle tissue and blood plasma, and their relationship with knee extensor strength in seven older (age=70.5 ± 2.5 years) adults before and after 5 months of RT. MiRNAs differentially responded to RT; muscle miR-133b decreased, while all plasma miRNAs tended to increase. Percent changes in knee extensor strength with RT showed strong positive correlations with percent changes in muscle miR-133a, -133b, and -206 and with percent changes in plasma and plasma/muscle miR-499 ratio. Baseline level of plasma or plasma/muscle miR-499 ratio further predicts muscle response to RT, while changes in muscle miR-133a, -133b, and -206 may correlate with muscle TNNT1 gene alternative splicing in response to RT. Our results indicate that RT alters muscle specific miRNAs in muscle and plasma, and that these changes account for some of the variation in strength responses to RT in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States; J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Zhong-Min Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - María L Messi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Anthony P Marsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, United States
| | - Iris Leng
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Barbara J Nicklas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States; J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Osvaldo Delbono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States; J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
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Zhang T, Choi SJ, Wang ZM, Birbrair A, Messi ML, Jin JP, Marsh AP, Nicklas B, Delbono O. Human slow troponin T (TNNT1) pre-mRNA alternative splicing is an indicator of skeletal muscle response to resistance exercise in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 69:1437-47. [PMID: 24368775 PMCID: PMC4296115 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow skeletal muscle troponin T (TNNT1) pre-messenger RNA alternative splicing (AS) provides transcript diversity and increases the variety of proteins the gene encodes. Here, we identified three major TNNT1 splicing patterns (AS1-3), quantified their expression in the vastus lateralis muscle of older adults, and demonstrated that resistance training modifies their relative abundance; specifically, upregulating AS1 and downregulating AS2 and AS3. In addition, abundance of TNNT1 AS2 correlated negatively with single muscle fiber-specific force after resistance training, while abundance of AS1 correlated negatively with V max. We propose that TNNT1 AS1, AS2 and the AS1/AS2 ratio are potential quantitative biomarkers of skeletal muscle adaptation to resistance training in older adults, and that their profile reflects enhanced single fiber muscle force in the absence of significant increases in fiber cross-sectional area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Zhang
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Seung Jun Choi
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Present address: Division of Sports and Health, KyungSung University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Zhong-Min Wang
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - María L Messi
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jian-Ping Jin
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | - Anthony P Marsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Barbara Nicklas
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Osvaldo Delbono
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
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Stephens SM, Pau FKY, Yalcinkaya TM, May MC, Berga SL, Post MD, Appt SE, Polotsky AJ. Assessing the pulsatility of luteinizing hormone in female vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). Comp Med 2013; 63:432-438. [PMID: 24210020 PMCID: PMC3796754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Specific alterations in the pulsatility of luteinizing hormone (LH) are linked to obesity-related subfertility in ovulatory women. Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) are an Old World nonhuman primate that develops obesity and has a menstrual cycle similar to humans. We evaluated follicular-phase LH pulses in 12 adult normal-weight female vervets. Serum was collected every 10 min for 4 h by using a tether device in conscious, freely moving monkeys on menstrual cycle days 2 through 5. Serum estradiol was collected daily during the follicular phase to identify the luteal-follicular transition. For comparison, we used data from 12 ovulatory normal-weight women who had undergone frequent blood sampling of early-follicular LH. LH pulse frequency was similar, with 2.8 ± 0.7 LH pulses during 4 h in vervets compared with 2.3 ± 0.7 LH pulses during 4 h in women. The LH pulse mass (percentage change in the pulse peak over the preceding nadir) was 123.2% ± 27.4% in vervets and 60.9% ± 14.9% in humans. The first day of low serum estradiol after the follicular-phase peak was denoted as the day of the luteal-follicular transition. Luteectomy was performed on luteal days 7 through 9, and corpora lutea were confirmed by histology. We demonstrate that follicular LH patterns in vervets are similar to those in humans and that the luteal phase is easily identified by monitoring daily serum estradiol. These findings demonstrate that vervet monkeys are a suitable animal model for evaluating LH pulse dynamics longitudinally in studies of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francis KY Pau
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | | | - Margaret C May
- Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine and Primate Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Miriam D Post
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Susan E Appt
- Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine and Primate Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | |
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