1
|
Miller JD, Laspra B, Polino C, Branch G, Pennock RT, Ackerman MS. The acceptance of evolution: A developmental view of Generation X in the United States. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:818-837. [PMID: 38500449 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241234815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The public acceptance of evolution remains a contentious issue in the United States. Numerous investigations have used national cross-sectional studies to examine the factors associated with the acceptance or rejection of evolution. This analysis uses a 33-year longitudinal study that followed the same 5000 public-school students from grade 7 through midlife (ages 45-48) and is the first to do so in regard to evolution. A set of structural equation models demonstrate the complexity and changing nature of influences over these three decades. Parents and local influences are strong during the high school years. The combination of post-secondary education and occupational and family choices demonstrate that the 15 years after high school are the switchyards of life.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mark NDE. Reexamining the causes of age patterns in Black-White birth weight disparities: Evidence from U.S. cohorts. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2024; 123:103066. [PMID: 39256028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Black-White disparities in low birth weight (LBW) rise with maternal age. Why? The "weathering hypothesis" holds that the increasing disparity is due to the accumulation of adverse exposures leading to accelerated aging among Black compared to White mothers. Using US birth certificate data covering millions of births to successive cohorts of US women, this paper finds two sets of results that complicate this theory. Descriptively, I find that Black-White LBW disparities increase with age for some cohorts but not others. More causally, analyses exploiting a plausibly exogenous policy shock show that the effects of reducing adverse exposures were larger for older compared to younger mothers. This evidence points toward an alternative or complementary hypothesis: that LBW risks are more responsive to adverse exposures at older maternal ages than at younger ages. Emphasizing this pathway -- what I call "responsiveness" -- as opposed to accumulation has important implications for both research and policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D E Mark
- UW-Madison Sociology, 1180 Observatory Drive, Sewell Social Sciences Building, Office 4418, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li W, Yu S, Wang M, Li X, Ma G, Ju X, Ling C. How do life course events affect the accumulation of digital literacy?: Based on qualitative research of 16 medical university teachers of China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38755. [PMID: 38968540 PMCID: PMC11224894 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to examine the level of the accumulation of digital literacy in medical university of China. In this study, we argue that positive life events facilitate the formation of digital literacy. We review the development of research of life course and digital literacy since the 2010. From the perspective of life course theory, this article examines the significant impact of social changes in information technology on the accumulation of digital literacy of 16 medical university teachers, and understands the life course of medical university teachers as a sequence composed of multiple life events. The results show that the accumulation of medical university teachers' digital Literacy includes 4 types: linear accumulation, multi drive accumulation, parallel accumulation, and leading accumulation, of which multi drive accumulation and leading accumulation are the most conducive to the formation of medical university teachers' digital literacy. In addition, our findings reveal that subjective initiative plays an important role in the accumulation of medical university teachers' digital literacy. The accumulation of digital literacy is a dynamic and systematic process of the accumulation of individual life events of medical university teachers. This paper also discusses the relationship between order of life events and career outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Graduate, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shaojie Yu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second University, Weifang, China
| | - Mingling Wang
- Department of Graduate, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xuening Li
- Department of Graduate, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Guangbin Ma
- Department of Graduate, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xuehong Ju
- Department of Graduate, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chunguang Ling
- Department of Graduate, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu B, Bai X, Wang P. Childhood Adversities and Caregiving for Older Parents: Building Capacity for a Caring Society. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae083. [PMID: 38742591 PMCID: PMC11184527 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the relationships between childhood adversities and the provision of informal care for older parents in later life in China. METHODS The data came from 4 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (N = 20,047). Using multilevel logistic regression models, we examined the relationships between adverse experiences in childhood and both the propensity and intensity of caregiving for older parents. Drawing on the regression results, we then estimated the total number of caregivers for older parents in China. RESULTS Experiencing 1 additional childhood adversity was associated with a decrease of 8% in the odds of providing informal care (p < .001). The association between childhood adversity and caregiving remained significant after sociodemographic factors and later-life outcomes were controlled for. We estimated that 58.3 million middle-aged adults in China were providing care for parents in 2020. Had people experienced 1 fewer adversity in their childhood, there would have been 2.2 million more caregivers in 2020. Had they experienced 2 fewer adversities, there would have been 3.4 million more caregivers. DISCUSSION The factors associated with informal caregiving can be traced back to early-life experiences. To address the shortage of informal care supply, it is crucial to foster a caring culture from the very beginning of human development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Xue Bai
- Institute of Active Ageing, Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengyun Wang
- Department of International Trade, School of Economics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luo L, Wei L. For Whom Does Education Convey Health Benefits? A Two-Generation and Life Course Approach. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2024:221465241249120. [PMID: 38832718 DOI: 10.1177/00221465241249120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Scholars of social determinants of health have long been interested in how parent's and own education influence health. However, the differing effects of parent's and own education on health-that is, for what socioeconomic group education conveys health benefits-are relatively less studied. Using multilevel marginal structural models, we estimate the heterogeneous effects of parent's and own education over the life course on two health measures. Our analysis considers both parent's and respondent's pre-education covariates, such as childhood health and socioeconomic conditions. We find that the protective effects of college completion against negative health outcomes are remarkably similar regardless of parent's (measured by father's or mother's) education. Meanwhile, parent's education has a larger effect when the average educational level is low in the population. Our results also reveal distinct life course patterns between health measures. We conclude by discussing the implications of our study for understanding the education-health relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Luo
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lam A, Keenan K, Myrskylä M, Kulu H. Multimorbid life expectancy across race, socio-economic status, and sex in South Africa. POPULATION STUDIES 2024:1-26. [PMID: 38753590 DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2024.2331447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Multimorbidity is increasing globally as populations age. However, it is unclear how long individuals live with multimorbidity and how it varies by social and economic factors. We investigate this in South Africa, whose apartheid history further complicates race, socio-economic, and sex inequalities. We introduce the term 'multimorbid life expectancy' (MMLE) to describe the years lived with multimorbidity. Using data from the South African National Income Dynamics Study (2008-17) and incidence-based multistate Markov modelling, we find that females experience higher MMLE than males (17.3 vs 9.8 years), and this disparity is consistent across all race and education groups. MMLE is highest among Asian/Indian people and the post-secondary educated relative to other groups and lowest among African people. These findings suggest there are associations between structural inequalities and MMLE, highlighting the need for health-system and educational policies to be implemented in a way proportional to each group's level of need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Lam
- University of St Andrews
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
| | | | - Mikko Myrskylä
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
- University of Helsinki
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mobley C, Luo Y, Fernandez M, Hossfeld L. Social Determinants of Health and College Food Insecurity. Nutrients 2024; 16:1391. [PMID: 38732637 PMCID: PMC11085391 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many students have faced economic hardship and experienced food insecurity, even as universities strive to create more equitable pathways to college. There is a need for a more holistic perspective that addresses the complexity of food insecurity amongst college students. To this end, we examined the relationship between the social determinants of health, including college food insecurity (CoFI) and childhood food insecurity (ChFI), and their relationship with well-being measures. The study sample was a convenience sample that included 372 students at a public university who responded to an online survey in fall 2021. Students were asked to report their food security status in the previous 30 days. We used the following analytical strategies: chi-square tests to determine differences between food secure (FS) and food insecure (FI) students; binary logistic regression of CoFI on student demographics and ChFI; and ordinal or binary logistic regression for well-being measures. Black students, off-campus students, first-generation students, in-state students, and humanities/behavioral/social/health sciences majors were more likely to report CoFI. FI students were more likely to have experienced ChFI and to have lower scores on all well-being measures. ChFI was associated with four well-being measures and its effects were mediated by CoFI. College student health initiatives would benefit from accounting for SDOH, including ChFI experiences and its subsequent cumulative disadvantages experienced during college.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Mobley
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Ye Luo
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Mariela Fernandez
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Leslie Hossfeld
- College of Behavioral, Social and Health Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin Z, Liu H. Race/Ethnicity, Nativity, and Gender Disparities in Unmet Care Needs Among Older Adults in the United States. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnad094. [PMID: 37434547 PMCID: PMC10943507 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although disparities in disability and the unequal distribution of care resources are widely discussed in the literature, there has been less research on disparities in experiencing unmet care needs among older adults. This study aims to investigate how unmet care needs are unevenly distributed across social groups with various intersecting identities, such as race/ethnicity, nativity, and gender, although considering their care needs and care networks, drawing on the conceptual framework of the pathway to unmet needs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The data for this study came from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011-2018), and the study sample consisted of 7,061 Medicare beneficiaries who needed assistance with daily activities. Questions about unmet care needs were in the form of consequences related to difficulty or lack of help with daily activities. Mixed-effects negative binomial regression models were used to predict rates of unmet needs. RESULTS Older adults of color, especially women, experienced higher rates of unmet care needs compared with their White and male counterparts. Although Black-White and gender differences in unmet needs were mostly explained by unequal exposures to care needs and differential care networks, Hispanic women and foreign-born Hispanic men were still at a disadvantage even after adjusting for these covariates. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results emphasize the importance of adopting an intersectional approach to enhance the quality of long-term services and support for older adults facing social disadvantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Lin
- Department of Sociology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Center on Aging and the Life Course and Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiménez-Solomon O, Irwin G, Melanie W, Christopher W. When money and mental health problems pile up: The reciprocal relationship between income and psychological distress. SSM Popul Health 2024; 25:101624. [PMID: 38380052 PMCID: PMC10876910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Longitudinal studies suggest that socioeconomic status (SES) and mental health have a bidirectional relationship such that SES declines lead to a deterioration of mental health (social causation), while worsening mental health leads to SES declines (social drift). However, the dynamic relationship between income and psychological distress has not been sufficiently studied. Methods We use cross-lagged panel models with unit fixed effects (FE-CLPM) and data from a five-wave representative panel (n = 3103) of working-age (18-64) New York City adults. Yearly measures include individual earnings, family income (income-to-needs), and psychological distress. We also examine effects by age, gender, education, and racial/ethnic identification. Results We find significant bidirectional effects between earnings and distress. Increases in past-year individual earnings decrease past-month psychological distress (social causation effect [SCE], standardized β= -0.07) and increases in psychological distress reduce next-year individual earnings (social drift effect [SDE], β= -0.03). Family income and distress only have a unidirectional relationship from past-year family income to distress (SCE, β= -.03). Strongest evidence of bidirectional effects between earnings and distress is for prime working-age individuals (SCE, β= -0.1; SDE, β= -0.03), those with less than bachelor's degrees (SCE, β= -0.08; SDE, β= -0.05), and Hispanics (SCE, β= -0.06; SDE, β= -0.08). We also find evidence of reciprocal effects between family income and distress for women (SCE, β= -0.03; SDE, β= -0.05), and Hispanics (SDE, β= -0.04; SDE, β= -0.08). Conclusions Individual earnings, which are labor market indicators, may be stronger social determinants of mental health than family income. However, important differences in social causation and social drift effects exist across groups by age, education, gender, and racial/ethnic identities. Future research should examine the types of policies that may buffer the mental health impact of negative income shocks and the declines in income associated with worsening mental health, especially among the most vulnerable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Jiménez-Solomon
- Center on Poverty and Social Policy, School of Social Work, Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- New York State Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 69, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Garfinkel Irwin
- Center on Poverty and Social Policy, School of Social Work, Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Wall Melanie
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 48, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, R207, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wimer Christopher
- Center on Poverty and Social Policy, School of Social Work, Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bierman A, Upenieks L, Lee Y, Mehrabi F. Mattering and Self-Esteem as Bulwarks Against the Consequences of Financial Strain for Loneliness in Later Life: Differentiating Between- and Within-Person Processes. Res Aging 2024; 46:241-257. [PMID: 38146167 PMCID: PMC10868150 DOI: 10.1177/01640275231221326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Financial strain likely constitutes a principal risk for loneliness in later-life, but a strong sense of mattering and self-esteem may mitigate these consequences by both offsetting and buffering the influence of financial strain. We test these arguments using data from a national longitudinal survey of older adults gathered between 2021 and 2022 (N = 2384), as nations emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic. Application of a within-between modelling strategy facilitates differentiation of inter-individual (i.e., between-person) and intra-individual (i.e., within-person) factors. Between-person financial strain is associated with greater loneliness, but within- and between-person mattering and self-esteem offset this association by forestalling loneliness. Between-person mattering buffers between-person financial strain, but between-person self-esteem buffers within-person financial strain. Consequently, within-person financial strain is associated with greater loneliness only at low levels of between-person self-esteem. In summary, accruing a strong sense of worth contributes to protecting older adults from the adverse consequences of financial strain for loneliness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Bierman
- Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Laura Upenieks
- Department of Sociology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Yeonjung Lee
- School of Social Welfare, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Fahimeh Mehrabi
- Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Smith JR. Older mothers and their difficult adult children: a life course exploration. J Elder Abuse Negl 2024; 36:174-197. [PMID: 38459784 DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2024.2325558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Adult child to parent violence is a growing international social problem that needs to be better understood to develop clinical interventions. An exploratory study on the antecedents of early life adversity on adult child to parent violence/elder mistreatment was carried out using secondary analysis. Directed content analysis was used based on life course theory with a data set of older mothers all > 57 years old (J. R. Smith 2021, 2022). Measurement of instances of child abuse, domestic violence, and birth trauma among abused older mothers was conducted. All the older women had reported being negatively affected by their adult children's problems and 56% reported being physically attacked. A case example is presented to illustrate how repeated incidents of abuse or neglect in early life might explain an older woman's inability to take actions for her own safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith R Smith
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kelley JA, Thorpe RJ. Enhancing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Quantitative Studies of Age and Life Course. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnad075. [PMID: 37667657 PMCID: PMC10825828 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
|
13
|
Roche L, Longacre ML. Nonpharmacological interventions in dementia and diversity of samples: A scoping review. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 55:311-326. [PMID: 38142547 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A public health priority is the increasing number of people with dementia (PwD), and nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) might offer support. We sought to synthesize types of NPIs tested among PwD and explore sample characteristics. METHODS This study was a scoping literature review. Eligible articles were identified using the search terms "nonpharmacological intervention" and "dementia". RESULTS 36 articles were included. Psychosocial NPIs were implemented the most (n=24) and music-based interventions were found to be the most effective. Gender, race, and ethnicity were not consistently reported (n=30, n=24, and n=6, respectively). White PwD had higher representation, with only 62.5% of studies including Black participants and 25% including Hispanic/Latino participants. Women made up a majority (>50%) of the sample in a greater number of studies (n=20). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that future studies need to be intentional about improving diversity of the sample, particularly with respect to including persons identifying as Black or Hispanic/Latino.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Roche
- College of Health Sciences, 241 Easton Hall, Arcadia University, 450 S. Easton Rd., Glenside, PA 19038, United States
| | - M L Longacre
- College of Health Sciences, 241 Easton Hall, Arcadia University, 450 S. Easton Rd., Glenside, PA 19038, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cheng M, Sommet N, Jopp DS, Spini D. Income-Related Inequalities in Physical and Cognitive Health Domains Over the Later Life Course: Longitudinal Evidence From the U.S. (1992-2016). Res Aging 2024; 46:59-71. [PMID: 37365882 PMCID: PMC10666496 DOI: 10.1177/01640275231183438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate changes in the income-health gradient over the later life course. We test the age-as-leveler, the cumulative advantage/disadvantage, and the persistent inequality pattern for physical and cognitive health domains, and analyze whether these patterns are gendered. We used HRS data (1992-2016) and Poisson growth curve models to predict multimorbidity (33,860 participants) as an indicator of physical health and memory (25,291 participants) as an indicator of cognitive health. We disentangled the within-participant from the between-participant effects. For multimorbidity, the income-health gradient weakened as individuals aged; whereas for memory, the income-health gradient strengthened as individuals aged. The cumulative advantage/disadvantage of higher/lower income on memory may be more pronounced among women than men. Findings were confirmed by sensitivity analyses. Findings suggest that the support for the age-as-leveler or cumulative advantage/disadvantage pattern may depend on health domains and the effect strength may depend on gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Cheng
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sommet
- Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela S. Jopp
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Research Center for Psychology of Health, Aging and Sport Examination, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dario Spini
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Life Course and Social Inequality Research Centre, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
E. Pullen C, Patrick JH. Mediators of Functional Disability at Mid- and Late-Life. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2024; 10:23337214241285753. [PMID: 39351286 PMCID: PMC11440552 DOI: 10.1177/23337214241285753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
As the number and proportion of older adults living in the U.S. increases, growing evidence shows that people are entering late life with more functional disability than in previous generations. Using data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, we sought to identify the contributions of demographic variables and health conditions to functional disability. Specifically, we tested the associations among age, sex, race, chronic physical health conditions, depression, and functional ability among 243,693 adults, ages 45 years and older. Model testing, implemented in AMOS 29.0.0, resulted in an acceptable fit of the model to the data, Χ2 (DF = 18, N = 243,693) = 19,512.64, p < .001; CFI = 0.909; TLI = 0.774; RMSEA = 0.066; R 2 Function = .267. The findings from the present study replicate previous research that age, sex, and racial background differences influence functional disability. We extend the literature to examine physical and emotional health as potential pathways to intervene in midlife.
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu H, Zhang M, Chen B, Huang L, Zhao X. Links between life-course SES and frailty trajectory moderated by community environment resources: Person-environment Fit perspective. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2023; 58:100580. [PMID: 38054872 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drawing from the life course and person-environment fit perspectives, this study examined whether life-course SES disadvantages during childhood, adulthood and old- age influence frailty development in late- life and how community environment resources moderated the association between life-course SES disadvantages and frailty trajectories over a seven-year follow-up period. METHODS Data from 11,675 participants aged ≥ 50 years at baseline who participated in the four waves (2011-2018) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) were used. Life-course SES disadvantages were self-reported, and community environment resources (basic infrastructure and voluntary organizations) were ascertained from informed officials in the community. Frailty development was measured at each wave by the Frailty Index (FI) based on 39 potential deficits. Multilevel growth modeling was used to examine the interactive effect of life-course SES disadvantages and community environment resources on frailty development. RESULTS Life-course SES disadvantage exerted cumulatively negative effects on frailty trajectory, and individuals with SES disadvantages in two or three life stages reported higher initial levels of and faster increases in frailty scores. Community environmental resources (basic infrastructure and voluntary organizations) had a protective effect on frailty development and buffered the negative effects of SES vulnerability experiences accumulated over the life course. Community basic infrastructure resources played an important role in slowing the progression of frailty for individuals with cumulative SES disadvantage and downward mobility. DISCUSSION Our findings provided new evidence of person-environmental docility among older adults, documenting the role of community resources in buffering SES disparities in health during later-life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Liu
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, China; Sau Po Sau Po Centre on Ageing, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beizhuo Chen
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lixuan Huang
- School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kelley JA, Thorpe RJ. Enhancing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Quantitative Studies of Age and Life Course. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:2019-2023. [PMID: 37670440 PMCID: PMC10613006 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
|
18
|
Kelley JA, Thorpe RJ. Enhancing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Quantitative Studies of Age and Life Course. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1702-1706. [PMID: 37667651 PMCID: PMC10561877 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
|
19
|
Kelley-Moore J, Thorpe R. Enhancing diversity, equity, and inclusion in quantitative studies of age and life course. GERONTOLOGY & GERIATRICS EDUCATION 2023; 44:503-512. [PMID: 37798899 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2023.2248712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
|
20
|
Du Y, Luo Y, Ren Z, Zheng X, Liu J. Impact of adverse childhood experiences on life expectancy with depression in the U.K. population: The mitigating role of educational attainment. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 144:106383. [PMID: 37541093 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with depression in later life. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to measure the impact of ACEs on life expectancy with depression (DLE) and to assess how educational attainment affected expectations. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study used data on 5597 participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2013). METHODS Depression was assessed through the eight-item short version of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression. We used discrete-multistate life table models to estimate total life expectancy and life expectancy with depression. RESULTS Older adults with ACEs had longer DLE and a higher proportion of remaining life with depression compared with those without ACEs. For example, men aged 60 years with ACEs could expect to live 5.2 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 4.2, 6.2) years with depression compared with 2.8 (95 % CI: 2.3, 3.3) years for men without ACEs. Women aged 60 years who reported ACEs could expect to live 9.4 (95 % CI: 7.6, 11.1) years with depression compared with 6.0 (95 % CI: 5.1, 7.0) years for women without ACEs. With a high level of educational attainment, older adults from younger cohorts with ACEs lived fewer depression years and spent a higher proportion of their life being free of depression than adults with ACEs and had a low level of educational attainment. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that ACEs may increase years of life with depression among U.K. adults. Meanwhile, high educational attainment could mitigate the mental health burden associated with ACEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Du
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyang Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Leopold L, van Valkengoed IGM, Engelhardt H. Education and age trajectories of chronic conditions: Are tests of the cumulative advantage and disadvantage hypothesis biased by underreporting? Soc Sci Med 2023; 334:116134. [PMID: 37690158 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the impact of underreporting on tests of the cumulative advantage and disadvantage hypothesis (CAD), which predicts age-related increases in health disparities between individuals with higher and lower education. METHODS Using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), we identified underreporting by comparing self-reported hypertension and diabetes with biomedically measured hypertension (systolic blood pressure≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure≥90 mm Hg) and diabetes (fasting glucose level≥7 mmol/l and/or HbA1c≥6.5%). In a sample of 11,859 respondents aged 50 to 85 (54% women, 97% White), we assessed the associations between underreporting and the main analytic constructs in tests of the CAD (education, age, sex, and cohort). RESULTS The results showed that self-reported measures underestimated the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. Underreporting showed weak to moderate associations with the main constructs in tests of the CAD, being more pronounced in individuals with lower education, in older age, in more recent cohorts, and among men. When correcting for underreporting using biomedical measures, the overall prevalence of hypertension and diabetes increased substantially, but education differences in age trajectories of both conditions remained similar. CONCLUSIONS Underreporting affected conclusions about the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, but it did not affect conclusions about the CAD hypothesis for either condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Leopold
- Department of Sociology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Irene G M van Valkengoed
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Henriette Engelhardt
- Department of Sociology, Professorship of Demography, University of Bamberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee HY, Song J, Choi EY. Childhood abuse and opioid prescription use in adulthood: Differences between non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks in the United States. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291752. [PMID: 37733706 PMCID: PMC10513245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid rise in opioid prescription medication usage, little research has examined the role of early life adversity, such as childhood abuse, particularly in the context of race, in opioid prescription usage in adulthood. Guided by the life course perspective, the current study investigates whether experiencing childhood abuse increases the risk of opioid prescription use in adulthood and whether this association varies by race. Data were sourced from the second wave of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study (2004-2005). The analytic sample consisted of two groups: non-Hispanic Whites (n = 714) and non-Hispanic Blacks (n = 151). Opioid prescription use was identified from the participants' medication list using the MULTUM Lexicon Drug Database Classification System. Three types of childhood abuse-emotional, physical, and sexual-were assessed via summary scales derived from the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The results indicate a significant interaction between childhood physical abuse and race. Among non-Hispanic Whites, higher exposure to physical abuse during childhood was associated with greater odds of opioid prescription use in adulthood, even after adjusting for chronic pain, physical and mental health, and sociodemographic characteristics. However, the association between childhood physical abuse and opioid prescription use in adulthood was non-significant among non-Hispanic Black individuals. These findings underscore the long-term adverse health effects of physical abuse in childhood, particularly for non-Hispanic Whites, and suggest support for developing and implementing tailored intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yun Lee
- School of Social Work, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States of America
| | - Jieun Song
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kelley JA, Thorpe RJ. Enhancing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Quantitative Studies of Age and Life Course. THE PUBLIC POLICY AND AGING REPORT 2023; 33:140-144. [PMID: 38155933 PMCID: PMC10751370 DOI: 10.1093/ppar/prad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
|
24
|
Kelley JA, Thorpe RJ. Enhancing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Quantitative Studies of Age and Life Course. Innov Aging 2023; 7:igad059. [PMID: 37675245 PMCID: PMC10477705 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Kelley
- Department of Sociology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Massihzadegan S, Stokes JE. Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Loneliness in Mid- and Later Life: Are Benefits Contingent on Race/Ethnicity or Neighborhood Disorder? J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1581-1590. [PMID: 37218292 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Connections between social integration and health throughout the life span are well established, including at the neighborhood level and among older adults. Less explored is how pathways between neighborhood social cohesion and well-being may differ by race/ethnicity or by neighborhood disorder. This study investigates whether perceived neighborhood social cohesion is associated with loneliness in adults aged 50 and older, and whether this association is moderated by race/ethnicity or perceived neighborhood disorder. METHODS We used pooled cross-sectional data from the 2016 and 2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study and respondents to the Leave-behind Questionnaire age 50 and older, living in the community (N = 10,713). Data were analyzed using multivariate ordinary least squares regression. RESULTS Perceived social cohesion was negatively associated with loneliness (B = -0.13, p < .001); however, this effect was strongest among White respondents, and significantly weaker for respondents who were Black (B = 0.02, p < .05), Hispanic (B = 0.03, p < .05), or of another race/ethnicity (B = 0.03, p < .05). Further, neighborhood disorder moderated the association between social cohesion and loneliness (B = 0.02, p < .001), reducing the strength of relationship for those in areas of high disorder. Inclusion of this interaction also attenuated the interaction between neighborhood cohesion and race for Black older adults. DISCUSSION Findings show that neighborhood social cohesion matters for midlife and older adults' loneliness, but that this relationship varies by race/ethnicity and neighborhood disorder. As such, neighborhood racial/ethnic makeup and both social and objective neighborhood characteristics should be considered when designing interventions to reduce loneliness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Setarreh Massihzadegan
- Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy & Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Stokes
- Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy & Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cheng M, Sommet N, Jopp DS, Spini D. Evolution of the income-related gap in health with old age: evidence from 20 countries in European and Chinese panel datasets. Eur J Ageing 2023; 20:33. [PMID: 37561230 PMCID: PMC10415242 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-023-00781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Some studies show that the protective effect of higher income on health weakens with old age (age-as-leveller pattern), whereas others show that it strengthens with old age (cumulative advantage/disadvantage pattern). Many existing studies are limited in that they use single-country and/or single-timepoint designs. To overcome these limitations and better understand how the income-health gradient evolves in older age, we used cross-national and longitudinal data of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2004-2019, N = 73,407) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2018, N = 10,067). We operationalised health using multimorbidity and three alternative indicators (functional disability, mobility disability, and memory). We performed Poisson growth curve modelling to capture the between-participant effects of age and the within-participant effects of aging. We obtained three consistent and robust findings for Europe (patterns were observed in most countries) and China. First, the protective effect of higher income on multimorbidity, functional disability, and mobility disability was weaker for older than for younger adults (between-participant age-as-leveller pattern). Second, only the protective effect of higher income on mobility disability weakened over the later life course (within-participant age-as-leveller pattern). Third, the protective effect of higher income on memory was stronger for older than for younger adults and strengthened over the later life course (between-participant and within-participant cumulative advantage/disadvantage pattern). Longitudinal data, growth curve modelling distinguishing the between-participant from within-participant effect, and adjustments for potential confounders based on the hypothesised causal structure enabled us to better navigate the landscape of causal inference. Findings suggest that the income-related gap in physical health but not in cognitive health narrows in old age for both Europe and China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Cheng
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Eopolis 5797, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Sommet
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Eopolis 5797, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela S Jopp
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Eopolis 5797, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dario Spini
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Eopolis 5797, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Miller LMS, Falbe JL, Rico TE, Chodur GM, Kemp LC. Associations between campus climate perceptions and food insecurity among undergraduates at a public university. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1639-1642. [PMID: 34314657 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1947830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective:Food-insecure college students have expressed frustration toward their academic institution for failing to meet students' needs. However, it is unclear whether campus climate perceptions are related to food insecurity status. We examined the association between campus climate surrounding health and food insecurity status among college students.Participants:Participants were undergraduate students (n = 1378) enrolled at a public university.Methods:We used secondary data from the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II (ACHA-NCHA-II) with campus-specific measures of campus climate and food insecurity status.Results:Findings showed that students with less favorable views of campus climate were between 1.85 and 1.74 times more likely to be food insecure, even after adjusting for demographics and financial hardship.Conclusions:Future research is needed to better understand how students' campus climate perceptions can inform programs that effectively address food insecurity on college campuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L Falbe
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Timo E Rico
- Student Affairs Assessment, Office of Budget & Institutional Analysis, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gwen M Chodur
- Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Leslie C Kemp
- Aggie Compass, Office of Student Affairs, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Huoyun Z, Shilong M, Zhaoqi L, Huiqin X. Early socioeconomic status, social mobility and cognitive trajectories in later life: A life course perspective. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2023; 50:101281. [PMID: 37490832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2008 to 2018 accompanied by the growth curve model, we examined the association between early socioeconomic status, social mobility, and divergent cognitive trajectories in later life within a society undergoing significant transformation. The study confirmed a positive relationship between socioeconomic status in early life and cognitive ability in later life. However, socioeconomic status in adulthood is associated with better cognitive ability in old age compared to that in childhood. Meanwhile, upward social mobility mitigates the negative correlation between socioeconomic disadvantage in early life and cognitive ability in later life. In addition, the inequality in socioeconomic status at earlier stages resulted in heterogeneous cognitive trajectories, with the double cumulative disadvantage effect resulting from education being particularly noteworthy. Thus, Chinese health policy should focus on the earlier stages of life, actively promoting inclusive family policies and improving the family's role in protecting childhood from an adverse environment. Simultaneously, education and employment fairness should be strengthened to accelerate social mobility and enhance the "Health Repair Mechanism" of the second life course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Huoyun
- School of Public Administration and Emergency Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Common Prosperity and National Governance, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ma Shilong
- School of Public Administration and Emergency Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhaoqi
- School of Public Administration and Emergency Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Huiqin
- College of Political Science and Law, JiangXi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang Q. Social contexts and cross-national differences in association between adverse childhood experiences and frailty index. SSM Popul Health 2023; 22:101408. [PMID: 37128358 PMCID: PMC10148028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-national differences in the health implication of adverse childhood experiences have been documented. The differences may be shaped by macro- and micro-social context. However, previous studies failed to consider the role of micro-level social contexts, where adverse childhood experiences happen, in affecting the cross-national differences. The study aims to estimate the association between adverse childhood experiences and Frailty Index across countries and micro-social contexts, and then reveal how cross-national difference in the association between adverse childhood experiences and Frailty Index were shaped by social contexts. Adulthood information were collected from three waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe in 2010, 2013, and 2015, and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study data from in 2013, 2015 and 2018, respectively. Frailty index was measured based on 35 health measurements. Eleven adversities, including intrafamilial aggression and neglect, family dynamics, and socioeconomic status etc, were extracted from the life history survey of the two datasets, conducted in 2017 and 2014, respectively. Weighted Linear regression models and the smoothing-differencing method were applied. Experiencing three or more adversities was associated with increase in frailty index level in Europe and China. The effect size ranged from 0.015 (95%CI: 0.011-0.019) in China to 0.030 (95%CI: 0.025-0.034) in Germanic countries. Poor parent-child relationship, parental absence/death were ACEs in terms of frail in European countries but not in China. In a context where adversities were moderately likely to happen, the association between experiencing adverse childhood experiences and Frailty Index were greatest. Cross-national differences of adverse childhood experiences effects were most derived from this social context. These findings highlight the importance of micro-social contexts while mitigating early life stress to promote life-course health. Individuals who were moderately likely to experience adversity should be paid special attention in terms of health implication of adverse childhood experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Walsh K, Urbaniak A. Social exclusion and critical transitions in later life: Trajectories, forms and mechanisms. J Aging Stud 2023; 65:101137. [PMID: 37268382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2023.101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Unequal ageing patterns are increasingly prevalent within the life courses of heterogeneous older populations. Critical transitions in later life may contribute to these patterns and to more multifaceted deep-rooted forms of social exclusion. Yet despite significant research in this area, knowledge gaps remain regarding the subjective experiences of these transitions, the trajectories and constituent events of these transitions, and the related mechanisms that may drive exclusion. With a focus on lived experience, this article aims to investigate the role of critical life transitions in older age in constructing multidimensional social exclusion. The onset of dementia, bereavement of a significant other, and forced migration are selected as three illustrative transitions in older age. Based on 39 in-depth life-course interviews and life-path analyses, the study sets out to illuminate common features of the transitional process that increases exclusion susceptibility, and the potential commonalities regarding transition-related exclusionary mechanisms. Transition trajectories related to each of the transitions are first described identifying shared exclusionary risk features. Transition-related mechanisms that can generate multidimensional social exclusion are then presented as arising from a transition's nature and character, its structural and management aspects, and its symbolic and normative positioning. Findings are discussed with reference to the international literature and future conceptualisation of social exclusion in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Walsh
- Irish Centre for Social Gerontology, Institute for Life-course and Society, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Anna Urbaniak
- Irish Centre for Social Gerontology, Institute for Life-course and Society, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Instytut Socjologii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków, Polska.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sun Y. Physical activity's impact on rural older adult health: The multiple mediating effects of education, income, and psychological capital. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1173217. [PMID: 37139375 PMCID: PMC10150060 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1173217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aims to explore the influence mechanism of rural older adult health. By examining the mediating roles of education, income, and psychological capital in physical activity's impact on health, this study provides a reference for lifestyle interventions to improve the health level of rural older adults. Methods The analysis was conducted on a sample of 1778 rural older adults from CGSS2017, and data were analyzed using PROCESS V4.2 for multiple mediating effects. Results The findings indicate that physical activity impacts rural older adult health through multiple mediating pathways. The mediating role includes seven paths, comprising the independent effects of three mediating variables of income, education, and psychological capital, and the chain mediating effects generated together. Discussion Based on the influence mechanism of health on rural older adults, optimizing policy focus and developing a precise, interconnected, and sustainable health security system for older adults is necessary. These research results are of practical significance for advancing healthy aging in rural areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Sun
- School of Management, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fan W, Moen P. Ongoing Remote Work, Returning to Working at Work, or in between during COVID-19: What Promotes Subjective Well-Being? JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:152-171. [PMID: 36694978 PMCID: PMC9902780 DOI: 10.1177/00221465221150283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a massive turn to remote work, followed by subsequent shifts for many into hybrid or fully returning to the office. To understand the patterned dynamics of subjective well-being associated with shifting places of work, we conducted a nationally representative panel survey (October 2020 and April 2021) of U.S. employees who worked remotely at some point since the pandemic (N = 1,817). Cluster analysis identified four patterned constellations of well-being based on burnout, work-life conflict, and job and life satisfaction. A total return to office is generally more stressful, leading to significantly lower probabilities of being in the optimal low stress/high satisfaction constellation by Wave 2, especially for men and women without care obligations. Remote and hybrid arrangements have salutary effects; moving to hybrid is especially positive for minority men and less educated men, although it disadvantages White women's well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fan
- Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Phyllis Moen
- University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pan Y, Wu X, Liu Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Luo Y. Urbanization and Cognitive Function Among Middle-Aged and Old Adults in China. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:2338-2347. [PMID: 35908238 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our study examined the effect of urbanization on cognitive function and its possible pathways among Chinese middle-aged and older adults independent of the influence of health-selective migration. METHODS Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we compared cognitive function among three groups (urbanized-rural residents, rural nonmigrants, and urban nonmigrants). Logistic regression and structural equation models were applied to explore the impact of urbanization on cognitive function and the potential mechanisms. RESULTS Compared with the urbanized-rural group, urban nonmigrants had better cognitive function, with a significant coefficient of 1.56 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.89) for global cognition scores and 0.37 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.53) for episodic memory scores. The rural nonmigrants had the worst cognitive function (β = -0.79, 95% CI: -1.04, -0.55) and lower scores of mental intactness (β = -0.65, 95% CI: -0.84, -0.57) and episodic memory (β = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.26, -0.03). The association between urbanization and cognitive function was mainly mediated by income and living conditions among middle-aged and older adults. DISCUSSION Rural people who experienced planned urbanization in China had higher cognitive scores than rural non-migrants. Urbanization could thus have a beneficial and cumulative effect on cognitive function. Improvements in living conditions and changes in income are the main drivers behind the relationship. However, urbanization could compensate for the negative impact on cognitive function from disadvantaged early-life conditions, but it cannot completely eliminate the gap between urbanized-rural people and urban nonmigrants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Pan
- School of Economics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofang Wu
- School of Economics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingkai Yang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Recksiedler C, Cheval B, Sieber S, Orsholits D, Stawski RS, Cullati S. Linking widowhood and later-life depressive symptoms: Do childhood socioeconomic circumstances matter? Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:2159-2169. [PMID: 34494920 PMCID: PMC8901780 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1972930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Widowhood and adverse childhood socioeconomic circumstances (CSC) have both been linked to increased levels of depressive symptoms in old age. Beyond their independent impact on depressive symptoms, experiencing adverse CSC may also trigger a cascade of cumulative adversity and secondary stressors across the life course that shapes how individuals weather stressful life events later on.Method: We examine whether exposure to adverse CSC moderates the relationship between later-life widowhood and depressive symptoms using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2004-2017).Results: Mixed-effects models revealed that both widowhood and adverse CSC were associated with increased levels of depressive symptoms among men and women. Associations between widowhood and depressive symptoms, however, were not moderated by CSC for both genders.Conclusion: Persisting differences in the levels of mental health in response to later-life widowhood did not further widen in the presence of disparities experienced early in the life course. This may reflect the life-altering impact of this age-normative, yet stressful life event across the social strata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Recksiedler
- Department of Social Monitoring and Methodology, German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Sieber
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dan Orsholits
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robert S. Stawski
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee C, Sain D, Harari L, Kürüm E. Social Mobility and Sense of Purpose From Midlife to Old Age: Examining the Role of Major Life Events. Res Aging 2022:1640275221121588. [PMID: 36053240 DOI: 10.1177/01640275221121588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose in life (PIL) has been linked with numerous health benefits and adaptive aging, yet it diminishes with age, possibly due to loss of social or familial roles through life transitions. Drawing from the longitudinal surveys of the Midlife in the US study (n = 3418), we use time-varying coefficient models to investigate how the trajectory of PIL differs across cumulatively (dis)advantaged, upwardly mobile, and downwardly mobile groups and the role of major life events in shaping these trajectories. We found the upwardly mobile group exhibits higher PIL than the cumulatively disadvantaged and downwardly mobile groups. The consistently disadvantaged group experiences more adverse events at non-normative times. Socioeconomic status disparities in PIL during old age decrease after controlling for life events. We discuss how and why well-being changes and the role of structural and social factors in facilitating or impeding the development or maintenance of PIL over the life course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chioun Lee
- 8790Department of Sociology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Lexi Harari
- 8790Department of Sociology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Economic inequality in later life and imagination of the future. AGEING & SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x22000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The personal futures of older adults are continually in mind, motivating goals, desires and plans. People approach the near and long term with differing agentic traits and dispositions, and they face forward, as well, from differing standpoints according to socio-economic position. This is a study of how persons who are economically privileged diverge in their future thought from persons of modest means, asking how income level qualifies the capacity to imagine, and foresee affecting, the future. We draw upon interviews conducted with 42 older, community-dwelling individuals in the Midwestern United States of America, a sample that was partitioned into two groups, one with below-median incomes versus one with incomes above 200 per cent of median. Interviews disclosed various foci of future thought with common contents among the two groups. Three foci, however, confirmed between-group differences in confidence about handling possible material and support needs, and also in enacting idealised norms of retirement. The underlying theme of these foci – financial security, long-term supports and services, and trips and travel – was the perceived affordability of the future. We conclude that there is indeed a material basis for imagination of and proactivity toward the future. When paradigms about later life set expectations that idealise lifestyle choice, consumption and prudential preparation for the future, these are prospects towards which some can reach more readily than others.
Collapse
|
37
|
Rodrigues R, Filipovič Hrast M, Kadi S, Hurtado Monarres M, Hlebec V. Life Course Pathways Into Intergenerational Caregiving. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:1305-1314. [PMID: 35137055 PMCID: PMC9255941 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We develop a framework for the analysis of pathways into intergenerational caregiving to older people provided by family members using life course concepts of key turning events in life, cumulative processes, and linked lives within the family realm. METHODS Using framework analysis, we analyze semistructured qualitative interviews from a sample of dyads (older cared-for adults and their main family carers comprised of children, children-in-law, and grandchildren) in Austria (N = 24) and Slovenia (N = 52). Data were collected in 2019 through purposive sampling, including dyads from a differentiated socioeconomic background and gender. RESULTS The analysis reveals 4 nonexclusive pathways into caregiving. One pathway is associated with single turning events occurring in family or work trajectories of carers that expanded the possibilities for caregiving later in life. A second pathway referred to cumulative processes that later influenced transitions into caregiving, such as personal biographies marked by weak labor market attachment. Another cumulative pathway, exclusive to caregiving, is characterized by continued and sustained exchanges of support within families that cement reciprocal ties that underpin caregiving at later stages. In the fourth pathway, life trajectories of siblings, but also family relationships and conflicts, constrained carers into their role. DISCUSSION Decisions regarding caregiving within families can be best understood as processes, linked to developments in other trajectories in carers' lives, as much as to internal family dynamics and relationships. Becoming a carer may be itself the result of intertwined accumulated vulnerabilities, as well as cumulative exchanges within families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodrigues
- European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Selma Kadi
- European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Valentina Hlebec
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Social Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rutagumirwa SK, Bailey A. “It's all about being a woman”: Intersections of multiple (dis)advantages experienced by older women in Tanzania. J Aging Stud 2022; 61:101021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2022.101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
39
|
Roth EG, Chard S. Affective Practices of Diabetes Self-Management Among Older Adults: Cumulative Effects of Childhood Adversity. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2022; 62:568-576. [PMID: 34406388 PMCID: PMC9019651 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A strong correlation exists between Type 2 diabetes mellitus and adverse childhood experiences. How adverse childhood experiences inform later-life diabetes management is less understood. This article examines diabetes management from the perspective of affective practice to explore the lingering impact of trauma biographies in diabetes management. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This secondary narrative analysis of 15 in-depth interviews with community-dwelling older adults with diabetes (subsample of the Subjective Experiences of Diabetes Study) focuses on the ways their reported childhood adversity affects perceptions of and responses to diabetes self-management. RESULTS The experiences of adversity in childhood accumulate, throughout the life course, in the affective practices informing diabetes self-management, from blood glucose testing, to food consumption, to the emotions invested in body size. We identify 3 thematic areas that emerged across participants: (a) undermining self-worth, (b) (over)eating and food as comfort, and (c) weight and body size. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings highlight affective practices as a mechanism through which adverse events accumulate and shape well-being over the life course. This analysis also suggests the potential for (de)accumulation of affective practices to improve diabetes management. The findings support recent calls for trauma-informed clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin G Roth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Chard
- Center for Aging Studies, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Public Health, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Baeriswyl M, Oris M. Friendship in Later Life: Thirty Years of Progress and Inequalities. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2022; 96:420-446. [PMID: 35422126 PMCID: PMC10052427 DOI: 10.1177/00914150221092991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies examining the impact of social change on individual development and aging postulate the growing importance of flexible relationships, such as friendship. Although friendship is well known as a factor of well-being in later life, the prevalence of friendship in older adult networks and its unequal distribution has been examined only in few studies. Through secondary data analysis of two cross-sectional surveys carried out in Switzerland in 1979 and 2011, respectively, the increasing presence of close friends was confirmed. Our results show that this trend was part of a broader lifestyle change after retirement, with increasing social engagements. However, this trend does not include a general decrease in social inequalities in friendship opportunities. Overall, friendship increase among older adults has contributed to a polarization of living conditions, with a majority of active, healthy persons contrasting with a minority of individuals who accumulate penalties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Baeriswyl
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives (NCCR LIVES), Switzerland
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Marie Baeriswyl, Centre interfacultaire de gérontologie et d’études des vulnérabilités, Université de Genève, 28 Boulevard du Pont-d’Arve, 1205 Genève, Suisse.
| | - Michel Oris
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives (NCCR LIVES), Switzerland
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Demography and Socioeconomics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Saenz JL, Downer B, Garcia MA, Wong R. Rural/urban dwelling across the life-course and late-life cognitive ability in Mexico. SSM Popul Health 2022; 17:101031. [PMID: 35118187 PMCID: PMC8800130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban advantages in older adults' cognitive function have been observed. Less is known about early-life urban dwelling and late-life cognition. We evaluate how rural/urban dwelling throughout life and rural to urban shifts in life relate with cognition in Mexico, a country experiencing aging and urbanization. METHODS Data came from the 2003 and 2012 Mexican Health and Aging Study (n = 12,238 adults age 50+). Early-life urban dwelling was self-reported. Late-life urban dwelling was based on population size of respondents' community of residence (community 2500+ people) at the time of survey. Cognitive function was measured across several cognitive tasks. We assess differences in baseline cognitive function and nine-year decline across groups using a latent change score model. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, compared to always rural dwellers, rural-urban transitions were associated with cognitive benefits, though individuals residing in urban areas continuously through life exhibited the highest levels of cognitive function (β = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.96) even after adjusting for SES, health, and health behaviors (β = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.35). Longitudinally, always urban dwellers exhibited slower decline than always rural dwellers when adjusting for baseline cognition (β = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.18), though faster decline when baseline cognition was not adjusted (β = -0.11, 95% CI: -0.18, -0.04). No differences were observed for cognitive change across comparison groups after adjusting for potential mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Early- and late-life urban dwelling may result in cognitive advantages for older Mexican adults. Clinicians should consider where individuals resided throughout life to better understand a patient's likelihood of experiencing poor cognitive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Saenz
- University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Brian Downer
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Marc A. Garcia
- Syracuse University, Department of Sociology and Maxwell School of Citizenship & Public Affairs, 900 South Crouse Ave, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Rebeca Wong
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Barbuscia A, Cambois E, Pailhé A, Comolli CL, Bernardi L. Health after union dissolution(s): Cumulative and temporal dynamics. SSM Popul Health 2022; 17:101042. [PMID: 35242992 PMCID: PMC8857077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of individuals experiencing one or multiple union dissolutions in their lifetime is increasing. The literature has shown significant interactions with health disorders, in response to the crisis situation that affects the spouses. However, processes are still unclear, in particular regarding the timing of the affection. This study explored whether different health disorders are observed shortly after dissolution or are delayed, and whether they are short- or long-lasting. We used data from the two waves (2006 and 2010) of the French Health and Professional Lives Survey (SIP) among 8349 individuals aged 25-64 years. Based on three health disorders, we studied 1) their levels in relation to the retrospective histories of union dissolutions; 2) health changes associated with a dissolution occurring between the two waves. We found that individuals who experienced one or multiple union dissolutions had worse self-rated health, more depressive symptoms and sleep disorders. The two latter were more related with a recent dissolution than with distant ones, suggesting an immediate association, yet long-lasting. Self-rated health was related with distant dissolutions only, suggesting a lagged, however also long-lasting association. Experiencing union dissolution between the two waves was linked to a higher probability of the onset of sleep disorders and depressive mood, and of deterioration of self-rated health if it was not the first dissolution. Our study shows that union dissolutions are highly correlated with different poor health measures, in the short and the long run, depending on the health disorder, with cumulative and durable effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barbuscia
- INSERM, 01 rue de Tolbiac, 75654, Paris Cedex 13, France
- Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), Economic Demography Unit, Campus Condorcet, 9 cours des Humanités, CS 50004, 93322 Aubervilliers Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuelle Cambois
- Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), Economic Demography Unit, Campus Condorcet, 9 cours des Humanités, CS 50004, 93322 Aubervilliers Cedex, France
| | - Ariane Pailhé
- Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), Economic Demography Unit, Campus Condorcet, 9 cours des Humanités, CS 50004, 93322 Aubervilliers Cedex, France
| | - Chiara Ludovica Comolli
- University of Bologna, Department of Statistical Science “Paolo Fortunati”, Via Belle Arti 41, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bernardi
- University of Lausanne, Géopolis Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dys S, Steeves-Reece A, Carder PC. Lifelong Instability and Perceived Risk of Future Homelessness in Older Adults. JOURNAL OF AGING AND ENVIRONMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26892618.2021.2001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dys
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
- Institute on Aging, College of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
- Vital Research, LLC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Steeves-Reece
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Paula C. Carder
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
- Institute on Aging, College of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Upenieks L, Liu Y. Marital Strain and Support and Subjective Well-Being in Later Life: Ascribing a Role to Childhood Adversity. J Aging Health 2021; 34:550-568. [PMID: 34666514 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211048664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We integrate the life course perspective with the stress-process model to offer a framework for how childhood conditions moderate the relationship between marital support/strain and subjective well-being in older adulthood for men and women. Methods: Drawing on longitudinal data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), we use a series of lagged dependent-variable models and stratify the sample by gender. Results: Our results suggest that the benefits associated with greater marital support are stronger for those that did not live with both parents in childhood for men. Women raised in families that experienced financial hardship reported lower subjective well-being in the context of marital strain. Conclusion: Adverse experiences in childhood can be scarring or foster resilience related to well-being in the context of strained or supportive marriages.
Collapse
|
45
|
Exploring Recent Adverse and Positive Life Events: A Qualitative Study Among Lonely Older Adults. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-021-09433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
46
|
Surachman A, Santos AR, Daw JK, Alexander L, Almeida DM, Coe CL. Life course pathways from parental education to age-related decrements in kidney function among Black and white American adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 131:105291. [PMID: 34091404 PMCID: PMC8405562 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using cross-sectional data on Black and white adults, this analysis examined whether age-related decrements in kidney function across adulthood were associated with parental education, and whether the association was differentially influenced by race. Further, this study assessed racial differences in life course pathways from parental education to age-related decrements in kidney function, through current SES and health-related risk factors. METHOD Data from the main survey and the Biomarker Project of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Wave 2 and Refresher samples were combined, resulting in 1861 adults (54.5% female; age 25-84, Mage = 53.37) who self-identified as non-Hispanic Black (n = 326) and non-Hispanic white (n = 1535). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was based on serum creatinine, calculated using the CKD-EPI formula. Adults SES was based on education, income, and financial strains. Health-related risk factors included obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP), and insulin resistance. Hypotheses were tested by utilizing multiple linear regression and regression-based moderated mediation analysis. RESULTS Lower parental education was associated with steeper age-related decrements in eGFR (B = 0.38, SE = 0.15, p = .013, 95%CI = 0.08, 0.68), due to higher eGFR among younger participants and lower eGFR among older participants. In addition, age-related decrements in kidney function were steeper among Black relative to white adults (B = 0.41, SE = 0.13, p < .01, 95%CI = 0.16, 0.66), driven by higher proportion of younger Black adults that met criterion for renal hyperfiltration. Furthermore, parental education and race were associated with age-related decrements in kidney function in an additive rather than interactive way. There were some racial differences in the life course pathways from parental education to age-related differences in eGFR, glucoregulation, and hypertension. Among Black adults, lower parental education was associated with elevated eGFR among younger participants through insulin resistance. Among white adults, lower parental education was linked to higher eGFR among younger adults and lower eGFR among older adults, and the association was mediated by current SES, elevated BP, and insulin resistance. DISCUSSION Early life SES can have a long-lasting influence on the preclinical renal senescence that is associated with the normal biology of aging for both Black and white adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agus Surachman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, USA; Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, USA.
| | - Alexis R Santos
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, USA; Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Jonathan K Daw
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Lacy Alexander
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, USA; Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, USA; Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Christopher L Coe
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Trajectories of middle-aged and elderly people's chronic diseases Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs): cohort, socio-economic status and gender disparities. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:179. [PMID: 34344369 PMCID: PMC8335861 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accelerated aging trend brought great chronic diseases burdens. Disabled Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) is a novel way to measure the chronic diseases burden. This study aimed to explore the cohort, socioeconomic status (SES), and gender disparities of the DALYs trajectories. METHODS A total of 15,062 participants (55,740 observations) comes from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2018. Mixed growth curve model was adopted to predict the DALYS trajectories in 45-90 years old people influenced by different birth cohorts and SES. RESULTS We find significant cohort, SES (resident place, education level and income) disparities differences in the chronic diseases DALYs. For individuals of earlier cohort, DALYs are developed in a late age but grow fast with age but reversed for most recent cohorts. Living in urban, having higher SES level will decrease the growth rate with age, but converges for most recent cohorts. Meanwhile, DALYs disparities of resident place and education level show gender differentials that those for female are narrowed across cohort but for male are not. CONCLUSIONS The cohort effects on chronic diseases DALYs are accumulated with China's unique social, and political settings. There are large inequalities in early experiences, SES and DALYs. Efforts of reducing these inequalities must focus on the lower SES individuals and those living in rural areas, which greatly benefit individuals from recent cohorts.
Collapse
|
48
|
Social participation and life satisfaction among older adults: diversity of practices and social inequality in Switzerland. AGEING & SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x21001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper examines the associations between social participation and individual life satisfaction among older adults. It specifically considers the diversity of the practices and social inequalities among this population. For analyses, we used a large survey of individuals of 65 years and older conducted in 2011 in Switzerland (N = 2,727). The first set of linear regression analyses examines Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale and its association with various indicators of social participation. While the second set of logistic regression addresses the issue of social inequalities by evaluating the impacts of gender, age group, region and education on social participation indicators that are significantly associated with the satisfaction with life score. Our results stressed the importance of combining multiple forms of participation for life satisfaction and shows that some forms are particularly meaningful: in particular, the involvement in associations, visitation of family or visitation of friends/acquaintances and church attendance. When inequalities among older adults are considered, having rich and varied social participation, being involved in associations and maintaining private sociability with non-kin appear more elitist. While institutionalised and/or private sociability types of participation appear particularly significant for older adults’ life satisfaction, the most traditional integration forms – i.e. family and religions – are crucial for the more vulnerable. Implications for active ageing was equally discussed as well.
Collapse
|
49
|
Zewde N, Crystal S. Impact of the 2008 Recession on Wealth-Adjusted Income and Inequality for US Cohorts. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:780-789. [PMID: 34320206 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine distributional effects of the 2008 recession and subsequent recovery across generational cohorts. METHODS Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (2007-2016), we constructed a measure of economic well-being accounting for income, household size and annuitized value of assets. We examine trajectories of adjusted income and inequality, using Gini coefficients and income shares by decile, for the overall population and by cohort during the recession and recovery. RESULTS Inequality declined temporarily during the recession, but reached new highs during the recovery. During recovery, population-level increases in economic resources were not reflected among below-median households, as the more concentrated financial assets rose while broader-based home equity and employment fell or remained stagnant. Inequality measures increased for cohorts in their primary working years (Generation-X and Baby Boomers), but not among the younger Millennials, who were at early stages of education, workforce entry and household formation. DISCUSSION The study illustrates an integrative approach to analyzing cumulative dis/advantage by considering interactions between historically consistent macro-level events, such as economic shocks or policy choices affecting all cohorts, and the persistent life-course processes that tend to increase heterogeneity and inequality as cohorts age over time. Although recovery policies led to rapid recovery of financial asset values, they did not proportionately reach those below the median or their economic resource-types. Results suggest that in a high-inequality environment, recovery policies from economic shocks may need tailoring to all levels of resources in order to achieve more equitable recovery outcomes and prevent exacerbating cohort inequality trajectories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Zewde
- Performed statistical analyses, drafted manuscript, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 W 125th St, 5th Floor, New York, NY
| | - Stephen Crystal
- Supervised and assisted in planning data analyses, revised and edited manuscript, Director, Center for Health Services Research, Rutgers University, 55 W 125th St, 5th Floor, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Webster NJ, Ajrouch KJ, Antonucci TC. Volunteering and health: The role of social network change. Soc Sci Med 2021; 285:114274. [PMID: 34390978 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Levels of volunteering may differentially influence multiple dimensions of health among older adults. Further, increasing evidence indicates social networks represent critical bridging and bonding contexts for the volunteering-health link. This study examines two research questions: 1) does volunteering level (low, moderate, high) influence physical and mental health in the same ways? And 2) does social network change moderate this link? METHODS Data come from Waves 1 and 2 of the longitudinal Social Relations Study (n = 556) collected in 1992 and 2005 and the sub-sample of adults age 50 and older at Wave 2. Regression analyses predicting self-rated health and depressive symptoms were conducted to examine main effects of volunteering and moderating effects of social network change. RESULTS Volunteering at a moderate level (101-300 hours per year) was associated with fewer depressive symptoms compared to those not volunteering. Social network change moderated the association between volunteering and self-rated health. Among those reporting a decrease in the proportion of non-family in their network (decrease in bridging), a moderate level of volunteering was associated with better self-rated health. CONCLUSION While moderate levels of volunteering are associated with better mental health, the link to physical health is only present in the context of decreasing network bridging. Identifying specific circumstances under which volunteering is beneficial is critical for developing interventions to promote health for all, including those in mid and later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah J Webster
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA.
| | - Kristine J Ajrouch
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA; Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminology, Eastern Michigan University, 900 Oakwood St, Ypsilanti, MI, 48197, USA.
| | - Toni C Antonucci
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|