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Elman JA, Schork NJ, Rangan AV. Exploring the Genetic Heterogeneity of Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence for Genetic Subtypes. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD231252. [PMID: 38995775 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits considerable phenotypic heterogeneity, suggesting the potential existence of subtypes. AD is under substantial genetic influence, thus identifying systematic variation in genetic risk may provide insights into disease origins. Objective We investigated genetic heterogeneity in AD risk through a multi-step analysis. Methods We performed principal component analysis (PCA) on AD-associated variants in the UK Biobank (AD cases = 2,739, controls = 5,478) to assess structured genetic heterogeneity. Subsequently, a biclustering algorithm searched for distinct disease-specific genetic signatures among subsets of cases. Replication tests were conducted using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset (AD cases = 500, controls = 470). We categorized a separate set of ADNI individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 399) into genetic subtypes and examined cognitive, amyloid, and tau trajectories. Results PCA revealed three distinct clusters ("constellations") driven primarily by different correlation patterns in a region of strong LD surrounding the MAPT locus. Constellations contained a mixture of cases and controls, reflecting disease-relevant but not disease-specific structure. We found two disease-specific biclusters among AD cases. Pathway analysis linked bicluster-associated variants to neuron morphogenesis and outgrowth. Disease-relevant and disease-specific structure replicated in ADNI, and bicluster 2 exhibited increased cerebrospinal fluid p-tau and cognitive decline over time. Conclusions This study unveils a hierarchical structure of AD genetic risk. Disease-relevant constellations may represent haplotype structure that does not increase risk directly but may alter the relative importance of other genetic risk factors. Biclusters may represent distinct AD genetic subtypes. This structure is replicable and relates to differential pathological accumulation and cognitive decline over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Schork
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Quantitative Medicine and Systems Biology, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Aaditya V Rangan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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2
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Gasca-Salas C, Trompeta C, López-Aguirre M, Rodríguez Rojas R, Clarimon J, Dols-Icardo O, El Bounasri S, Guida P, Mata-Marín D, Hernández-Fernández F, Marras C, García-Cañamaque L, Plaza de Las Heras I, Obeso I, Vela L, Fernández-Rodríguez B. Brain hypometabolism in non-demented microtubule-associated protein tau H1 carriers with Parkinson's disease. J Neuroimaging 2023; 33:953-959. [PMID: 37726927 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) H1 homozygosity (H1/H1 haplotype) is a genetic risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). MAPT H1 homozygosity has been associated with conversion to PD; however, results are conflicting since some studies did not find a strong influence. Cortical hypometabolism is associated with cognitive impairment in PD. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the metabolic pattern in nondemented PD patients MAPT H1/H1 carriers in comparison with MAPT H1/H2 haplotype. In addition, we evaluated domain-specific cognitive differences according to MAPT haplotype. METHODS We compared a group of 26 H1/H1 and 20 H1/H2 carriers with late-onset PD. Participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological cognitive evaluation and a [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET-MR scan. RESULTS MAPT H1/H1 carriers showed worse performance in the digit span forward test of attention compared to MAPT H1/H2 carriers. In the [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET comparisons, MAPT H1/H1 displayed hypometabolism in the frontal cortex, parahippocampal, and cingulate gyrus, as well as in the caudate and globus pallidus. CONCLUSION PD patients MAPT H1/H1 carriers without dementia exhibit relative hypometabolism in several cortical areas as well as in the basal ganglia, and worse performance in attention than MAPT H1/H2 carriers. Longitudinal studies should assess if lower scores in attention and dysfunction in these areas are predictors of dementia in MAPT H1/H1 homozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gasca-Salas
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- University CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Trompeta
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Health Sciences, University of Alcala de Henares Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Aguirre
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Physics, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez Rojas
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Dols-Icardo
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shaimaa El Bounasri
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pasqualina Guida
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Mata-Marín
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frida Hernández-Fernández
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Nutrition, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Connie Marras
- The Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lina García-Cañamaque
- Nuclear Medicine Department, PET-MRI Centre, HM Puerta del Sur University Hospital, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Plaza de Las Heras
- Nuclear Medicine Department, PET-MRI Centre, HM Puerta del Sur University Hospital, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Obeso
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Vela
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital U Fundación Alcorcón, Calle Budapest, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Rodríguez
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Kosuthova K, Solc R. Inversions on human chromosomes. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:672-683. [PMID: 36495134 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human chromosome inversions are types of balanced structural variations, making them difficult to analyze. Thanks to PEM (paired-end sequencing and mapping), there has been tremendous progress in studying inversions. Inversions play an important role as an evolutionary factor, contributing to the formation of gonosomes, speciation of chimpanzees and humans, and inv17q21.3 or inv8p23.1 exhibit the features of natural selection. Both inversions have been related to pathogenic phenotype by directly affecting a gene structure (e.g., inv5p15.1q14.1), regulating gene expression (e.g., inv7q21.3q35) and by predisposing to other secondary arrangements (e.g., inv7q11.23). A polymorphism of human inversions is documented by the InvFEST database (a database that stores information about clinical predictions, validations, frequency of inversions, etc.), but only a small fraction of these inversions is validated, and a detailed analysis is complicated by the frequent location of breakpoints within regions of repetitive sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Kosuthova
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Solc
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Wen Y, Zhang L, Li N, Tong A, Zhao C. Nutritional assessment models for Alzheimer's disease: Advances and perspectives. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wen
- College of Marine Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Ourense Spain
| | - Lizhu Zhang
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Na Li
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Aijun Tong
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
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5
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Wang H, Wang LS, Schellenberg G, Lee WP. The role of structural variations in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1073905. [PMID: 36846102 PMCID: PMC9944073 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1073905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dozens of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been discovered by large scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs). However, only a small portion of the genetic component of AD can be explained by SNPs observed from GWAS. Structural variation (SV) can be a major contributor to the missing heritability of AD; while SV in AD remains largely unexplored as the accurate detection of SVs from the widely used array-based and short-read technology are still far from perfect. Here, we briefly summarized the strengths and weaknesses of available SV detection methods. We reviewed the current landscape of SV analysis in AD and SVs that have been found associated with AD. Particularly, the importance of currently less explored SVs, including insertions, inversions, short tandem repeats, and transposable elements in neurodegenerative diseases were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gerard Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wan-Ping Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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6
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López-Ornelas A, Jiménez A, Pérez-Sánchez G, Rodríguez-Pérez CE, Corzo-Cruz A, Velasco I, Estudillo E. The Impairment of Blood-Brain Barrier in Alzheimer's Disease: Challenges and Opportunities with Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710136. [PMID: 36077533 PMCID: PMC9456198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and its prevalence is increasing. Nowadays, very few drugs effectively reduce AD symptoms and thus, a better understanding of its pathophysiology is vital to design new effective schemes. Presymptomatic neuronal damage caused by the accumulation of Amyloid β peptide and Tau protein abnormalities remains a challenge, despite recent efforts in drug development. Importantly, therapeutic targets, biomarkers, and diagnostic techniques have emerged to detect and treat AD. Of note, the compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) and peripheral inflammation in AD are becoming more evident, being harmful factors that contribute to the development of the disease. Perspectives from different pre-clinical and clinical studies link peripheral inflammation with the onset and progression of AD. This review aims to analyze the main factors and the contribution of impaired BBB in AD development. Additionally, we describe the potential therapeutic strategies using stem cells for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo López-Ornelas
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Hospital Nacional Homeopático, Hospitales Federales de Referencia, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Adriana Jiménez
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Citlali Ekaterina Rodríguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Corzo-Cruz
- Laboratorio Traslacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Batalla de Celaya 202, Lomas de Sotelo, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11200, Mexico
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Enrique Estudillo
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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7
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Bashirzade AA, Zabegalov KN, Volgin AD, Belova AS, Demin KA, de Abreu MS, Babchenko VY, Bashirzade KA, Yenkoyan KB, Tikhonova MA, Amstislavskaya TG, Kalueff AV. Modeling neurodegenerative disorders in zebrafish. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104679. [PMID: 35490912 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a major cause of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, multiple and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pontocerebellar hypoplasia, dementia and other related brain disorders. Their complex pathogenesis commonly includes genetic and neurochemical deficits, misfolded protein toxicity, demyelination, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Albeit differing in specific underlying mechanisms, neurodegenerative disorders typically display evolutionarily conserved mechanisms across taxa. Here, we review the role of zebrafish models in recapitulating major human and rodent neurodegenerative conditions, demonstrating this species as a highly relevant experimental model for research on neurodegenerative diseases, and discussing how these fish models can further clarify the underlying genetic, neurochemical, neuroanatomical and behavioral pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alim A Bashirzade
- Novosibirsk State University, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Andrey D Volgin
- Novosibirsk State University, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alisa S Belova
- Novosibirsk State University, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Granov Scientific Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, St. Petersburg, Russia; Almazov Medical Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Vladislav Ya Babchenko
- Novosibirsk State University, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kseniya A Bashirzade
- Novosibirsk State University, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin B Yenkoyan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, COBRAIN Center, M Heratsi Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia; COBRAIN Center - Scientific Educational Center for Fundamental Brain Research, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Maria A Tikhonova
- Novosibirsk State University, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Novosibirsk State University, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia; COBRAIN Center - Scientific Educational Center for Fundamental Brain Research, Yerevan, Armenia.
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Roy J, Wong KY, Aquili L, Uddin MS, Heng BC, Tipoe GL, Wong KH, Fung ML, Lim LW. Role of melatonin in Alzheimer's disease: From preclinical studies to novel melatonin-based therapies. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100986. [PMID: 35167824 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin and novel melatonin-based therapies such as melatonin-containing hybrid molecules, melatonin analogues, and melatonin derivatives have been investigated as potential therapeutics against Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. In this review, we examine the developmental trends of melatonin therapies for AD from 1997 to 2021. We then highlight the neuroprotective mechanisms of melatonin therapy derived from preclinical studies. These mechanisms include the alleviation of amyloid-related burden, neurofibrillary tangle accumulation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired neuroplasticity and neurotransmission. We further illustrate the beneficial effects of melatonin on behavior in animal models of AD. Next, we discuss the clinical effects of melatonin on sleep, cognition, behavior, psychiatric symptoms, electroencephalography findings, and molecular biomarkers in patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD. We then explore the effectiveness of novel melatonin-based therapies. Lastly, we discuss the limitations of current melatonin therapies for AD and suggest two emerging research themes for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaydeep Roy
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kan Yin Wong
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Luca Aquili
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Discipline of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - George Lim Tipoe
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kah Hui Wong
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Man Lung Fung
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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9
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Liu H, Zhong H, Liu H, Yao X. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the disruption mechanism of a 2,4-thiazolidinedione derivative C30 against tau hexapeptide (PHF6) oligomer. Proteins 2021; 90:142-154. [PMID: 34331342 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of 2,4-thiazolidinedione have been reported to inhibit the aggregation of tau protein, in which compound 30 (C30) not only inhibit 80% of paired helical filament 6 (PHF6) aggregation, but also inhibit K18 and full-length tau aggregation. However, its inhibitory mechanism is unclear. In this study, to investigate the effect of C30 on tau protein, all-atom molecular dynamics simulation was performed on the PHF6 oligomer with and without C30. The results show that C30 can cause significant conformational changes in the PHF6 oligomer. The nematic order parameter P2 and secondary structure analyses show that C30 destroys the ordered structure of PHF6 oligomer, reduces the content of β-sheet structure, and transforms β-sheet into random coil structure. By clustering analysis, it was found that C30 has four possible binding sites on the PFH6 oligomer, and the binding ability order is S1 > S2 > S4 > S3. Following a more in-depth analyses of each site, it was determined that the S1 site is the most possible binding site mainly located between layers of L1 and L3. The hydrophobic interaction is the driving force for the binding of C30 to PHF6 oligomer. In addition, L1P4_Y310, L1P5_Y310, L3P1_V309, and L3P2_V309 are key residues for C30 binding to oligomer. Moreover, π-π interaction formed by L1P4_Y310 and L1P5_Y310 with C30 and the hydrogen bonding interaction formed by C30 with L3P3_Q307 are beneficial to the combination of C30 and oligomer. The fully understanding disrupt the mechanism of 2,4-thiazolidinedione derivative on PHF6 oligomer and the identification of binding sites will help design and discover new AD inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huanxiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
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10
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Jangampalli Adi P, Reddy PH. Phosphorylated tau targeted small-molecule PROTACs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166162. [PMID: 33940164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-stabilizing protein that plays an important role in the formation of axonal microtubules in neurons. Phosphorylated tau (p-Tau) has received great attention in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a potential therapeutic target due to its involvement with synaptic damage and neuronal dysfunction. Mounting evidence suggests that amyloid beta (Aβ)-targeted clinical trials continuously failed; therefore, it is important to consider alternative therapeutic strategies such as p-tau-PROTACs targeted small molecules for AD and other tauopathies. The present article describes the characteristics of tau biology, structure, and function in both healthy and pathological states in AD. It also explains data from studies that have identified the involvement of p-tau in neuronal damage and synaptic and cognitive functions in AD. Current article also covers several aspects, including small molecule inhibitors, and the development of p-tau-PROTACs targeted drug molecules to treat patients with AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Alyenbaawi H, Allison WT, Mok SA. Prion-Like Propagation Mechanisms in Tauopathies and Traumatic Brain Injury: Challenges and Prospects. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1487. [PMID: 33121065 PMCID: PMC7692808 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of tau protein in the form of filamentous aggregates is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). These dementias share traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a prominent risk factor. Tau aggregates can transfer between cells and tissues in a "prion-like" manner, where they initiate the templated misfolding of normal tau molecules. This enables the spread of tau pathology to distinct parts of the brain. The evidence that tauopathies spread via prion-like mechanisms is considerable, but work detailing the mechanisms of spread has mostly used in vitro platforms that cannot fully reveal the tissue-level vectors or etiology of progression. We review these issues and then briefly use TBI and CTE as a case study to illustrate aspects of tauopathy that warrant further attention in vivo. These include seizures and sleep/wake disturbances, emphasizing the urgent need for improved animal models. Dissecting these mechanisms of tauopathy progression continues to provide fresh inspiration for the design of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Alyenbaawi
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; (H.A.); (W.T.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - W. Ted Allison
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; (H.A.); (W.T.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Sue-Ann Mok
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; (H.A.); (W.T.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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12
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Ramanan VK, Wang X, Przybelski SA, Raghavan S, Heckman MG, Batzler A, Kosel ML, Hohman TJ, Knopman DS, Graff-Radford J, Lowe VJ, Mielke MM, Jack CR, Petersen RC, Ross OA, Vemuri P. Variants in PPP2R2B and IGF2BP3 are associated with higher tau deposition. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa159. [PMID: 33426524 PMCID: PMC7780444 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau deposition is a key biological feature of Alzheimer’s disease that is closely related to cognitive impairment. However, it remains poorly understood why certain individuals may be more susceptible to tau deposition while others are more resistant. The recent availability of in vivo assessment of tau burden through positron emission tomography provides an opportunity to test the hypothesis that common genetic variants may influence tau deposition. We performed a genome-wide association study of tau-positron emission tomography on a sample of 754 individuals over age 50 (mean age 72.4 years, 54.6% men, 87.6% cognitively unimpaired) from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Linear regression was performed to test nucleotide polymorphism associations with AV-1451 (18F-flortaucipir) tau-positron emission tomography burden in an Alzheimer’s-signature composite region of interest, using an additive genetic model and covarying for age, sex and genetic principal components. Genome-wide significant associations with higher tau were identified for rs76752255 (P = 9.91 × 10−9, β = 0.20) in the tau phosphorylation regulatory gene PPP2R2B (protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B) and for rs117402302 (P = 4.00 × 10−8, β = 0.19) near IGF2BP3 (insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3). The PPP2R2B association remained genome-wide significant after additionally covarying for global amyloid burden and cerebrovascular disease risk, while the IGF2BP3 association was partially attenuated after accounting for amyloid load. In addition to these discoveries, three single nucleotide polymorphisms within MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau) displayed nominal associations with tau-positron emission tomography burden, and the association of the APOE (apolipoprotein E) ɛ4 allele with tau-positron emission tomography was marginally nonsignificant (P = 0.06, β = 0.07). No associations with tau-positron emission tomography burden were identified for other single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Alzheimer’s disease clinical diagnosis in prior large case–control studies. Our findings nominate PPP2R2B and IGF2BP3 as novel potential influences on tau pathology which warrant further functional characterization. Our data are also supportive of previous literature on the associations of MAPT genetic variation with tau, and more broadly supports the inference that tau accumulation may have a genetic architecture distinct from known Alzheimer’s susceptibility genes, which may have implications for improved risk stratification and therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Ramanan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xuewei Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Scott A Przybelski
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Michael G Heckman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic-Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Anthony Batzler
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matthew L Kosel
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic-Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Prashanthi Vemuri
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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13
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d'Errico P, Meyer-Luehmann M. Mechanisms of Pathogenic Tau and Aβ Protein Spreading in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:265. [PMID: 33061903 PMCID: PMC7481386 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is pathologically defined by extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides generated by the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), strings of hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins accumulating inside neurons known as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuronal loss. The association between the two hallmarks and cognitive decline has been known since the beginning of the 20th century when the first description of the disease was carried out by Alois Alzheimer. Today, more than 40 million people worldwide are affected by AD that represents the most common cause of dementia and there is still no effective treatment available to cure the disease. In general, the aggregation of Aβ is considered an essential trigger in AD pathogenesis that gives rise to NFTs, neuronal dysfunction and dementia. During the process leading to AD, tau and Aβ first misfold and form aggregates in one brain region, from where they spread to interconnected areas of the brain thereby inducing its gradual morphological and functional deterioration. In this mini-review article, we present an overview of the current literature on the spreading mechanisms of Aβ and tau pathology in AD since a more profound understanding is necessary to design therapeutic approaches aimed at preventing or halting disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo d'Errico
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Meyer-Luehmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Bellou E, Stevenson-Hoare J, Escott-Price V. Polygenic risk and pleiotropy in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 142:104953. [PMID: 32445791 PMCID: PMC7378564 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we explore the phenomenon of pleiotropy in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD). We summarize the various techniques developed to investigate pleiotropy among traits, elaborating in the polygenic risk scores (PRS) analysis. PRS was designed to assess a cumulative effect of a large number of SNPs for association with a disease and, later for disease risk prediction. Since genetic predictions rely on heritability, we discuss SNP-based heritability from genome-wide association studies and its contribution to the prediction accuracy of PRS. We review work examining pleiotropy in neurodegenerative diseases and related phenotypes and biomarkers. We conclude that the exploitation of pleiotropy may aid in the identification of novel genes and provide further insights in the disease mechanisms, and along with PRS analysis, may be advantageous for precision medicine.
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15
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Vasilevskaya A, Taghdiri F, Burke C, Tarazi A, Naeimi SA, Khodadadi M, Goswami R, Sato C, Grinberg M, Moreno D, Wennberg R, Mikulis D, Green R, Colella B, Davis KD, Rusjan P, Houle S, Tator C, Rogaeva E, Tartaglia MC. Interaction of APOE4 alleles and PET tau imaging in former contact sport athletes. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 26:102212. [PMID: 32097865 PMCID: PMC7037542 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms like apolipoprotein E (APOE) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) genes increase the risk of neurodegeneration. METHODS 38 former players (age 52.63±14.02) of contact sports underwent neuroimaging, biofluid collection, and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. The [F-18]AV-1451 tracer signal was compared in the cortical grey matter between APOE4 allele carriers and non-carriers as well as carriers of MAPT H1H1 vs non-H1H1. Participants were then divided into the high (N = 13) and low (N = 13) groups based on cortical PET tau standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) for comparison. FINDINGS Cortical grey matter PET tau SUVR values were significantly higher in APOE4 carriers compared to non-carriers (p = 0.020). In contrast, there was no significant difference in SUVR between MAPT H1H1 vs non-H1H1 carrier genes (p = 1.00). There was a significantly higher APOE4 allele frequency in the high cortical grey matter PET tau group, comparing to low cortical grey matter PET tau group (p = 0.048). No significant difference in neuropsychological function was found between APOE4 allele carriers and non-carriers. INTERPRETATION There is an association between higher cortical grey matter tau burden as seen with [F-18]AV-1451 PET tracer SUVR, and the APOE4 allele in former professional and semi-professional players at high risk of concussions. APOE4 allele may be a risk factor for tau accumulation in former contact sports athletes at high risk of neurodegeneration. FUNDING Toronto General and Western Hospital Foundations; Weston Brain Institute; Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in ageing; Krembil Research Institute. There was no role of the funders in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vasilevskaya
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Foad Taghdiri
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Charles Burke
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Apameh Tarazi
- Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Seyed Ali Naeimi
- Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Mozghan Khodadadi
- Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Ruma Goswami
- Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Christine Sato
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Mark Grinberg
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Danielle Moreno
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Richard Wennberg
- Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - David Mikulis
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Robin Green
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Brenda Colella
- Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Karen D Davis
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Charles Tator
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Maria C Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.
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16
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Liu H, Zhong H, Liu X, Zhou S, Tan S, Liu H, Yao X. Disclosing the Mechanism of Spontaneous Aggregation and Template-Induced Misfolding of the Key Hexapeptide (PHF6) of Tau Protein Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4810-4823. [PMID: 31661961 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau is critical for the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Tau dysfunction is associated with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, which are characterized by neurofibrillary tangles formed by abnormally aggregated tau protein. Studying the aggregation mechanism of tau protein is of great significance for elucidating the etiology of tauopathies. The hexapeptide 306VQIVYK311 (PHF6) of R3 has been shown to play a vital role in promoting tau aggregation. In this study, long-term all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent were performed to investigate the mechanisms of spontaneous aggregation and template-induced misfolding of PHF6, and the dimerization at the early stage of nucleation was further specifically analyzed by the Markov state model (MSM). Our results show that PHF6 can spontaneously aggregate to form multimers enriched with β-sheet structure and the β-sheets in multimers prefer to exist in a parallel way. It is observed that PHF6 monomer can be induced to form a β-sheet structure on either side of the template but in a different way. In detail, the β-sheet structure is easier to form on the left side but does not extend well, but on the right side, the monomer can form the extended β-sheet structure. Furthermore, MSM analysis shows that the formation of dimer mainly occurs in three steps. First, the separated monomers collide with each other at random orientations, and then a dimer with short β-sheet structure at the N-terminal forms; finally, β-sheets elongate to form an extended parallel β-sheet dimer. During these processes, multiple intermediate states are identified and multiple paths can form a parallel β-sheet dimer from the disordered coil structure. Moreover, the residues I308, V309, and Y310 play an essential role in the dimerization. In a word, our results uncover the aggregation and misfolding mechanism of PHF6 from the atomic level, which can provide useful theoretical guidance for rational design of effective therapeutic drugs against tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuangyan Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | | | | | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
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Shoeibi A, Olfati N, Litvan I. Frontrunner in Translation: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1125. [PMID: 31695675 PMCID: PMC6817677 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a four-repeat tau proteinopathy. Abnormal tau deposition is not unique for PSP and is the basic pathologic finding in some other neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), age-related tauopathy, frontotemporal degeneration, corticobasal degeneration, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. While AD research has mostly been focused on amyloid beta pathology until recently, PSP as a prototype of a primary tauopathy with high clinical-pathologic correlation and a rapid course is a crucial candidate for tau therapeutic research. Several novel approaches to slow disease progression are being developed. It is expected that the benefits of translational research in this disease will extend beyond the PSP population. This article reviews advances in the diagnosis, epidemiology, pathology, hypothesized etiopathogenesis, and biomarkers and disease-modifying therapeutic approaches of PSP that is leading it to become a frontrunner in translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shoeibi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nahid Olfati
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Irene Litvan
- UC San Diego Department of Neurosciences, Parkinson and Other Movement Disorder Center, La Jolla, CA, United States
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18
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Mroczko B, Groblewska M, Litman-Zawadzka A. The Role of Protein Misfolding and Tau Oligomers (TauOs) in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4661. [PMID: 31547024 PMCID: PMC6802364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the causative role of the accumulation of amyloid β 1-42 (Aβ42) deposits in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been under debate for many years, it is supposed that the toxicity soluble oligomers of Tau protein (TauOs) might be also the pathogenic factor acting on the initial stages of this disease. Therefore, we performed a thorough search for literature pertaining to our investigation via the MEDLINE/PubMed database. It was shown that soluble TauOs, especially granular forms, may be the most toxic form of this protein. Hyperphosphorylated TauOs can reduce the number of synapses by missorting into axonal compartments of neurons other than axon. Furthermore, soluble TauOs may be also responsible for seeding Tau pathology within AD brains, with probable link to AβOs toxicity. Additionally, the concentrations of TauOs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of AD patients were higher than in non-demented controls, and revealed a negative correlation with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores. It was postulated that adding the measurements of TauOs to the panel of CSF biomarkers could improve the diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Groblewska
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Ala Litman-Zawadzka
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
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19
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Strang KH, Golde TE, Giasson BI. MAPT mutations, tauopathy, and mechanisms of neurodegeneration. J Transl Med 2019; 99:912-928. [PMID: 30742061 PMCID: PMC7289372 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prominent pathological feature is the aberrant aggregation and inclusion formation of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Because of the pathological association, these disorders are often referred to as tauopathies. Mutations in the MAPT gene that encodes tau can cause frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), providing the clearest evidence that tauopathy plays a causal role in neurodegeneration. However, large gaps in our knowledge remain regarding how various FTDP-17-linked tau mutations promote tau aggregation and neurodegeneration, and, more generally, how the tauopathy is linked to neurodegeneration. Herein, we review what is known about how FTDP-17-linked pathogenic MAPT mutations cause disease, with a major focus on the prion-like properties of wild-type and mutant tau proteins. The hypothesized mechanisms by which mutations in the MAPT gene promote tauopathy are quite varied and may not provide definitive insights into how tauopathy arises in the absence of mutation. Further, differences in the ability of tau and mutant tau proteins to support prion-like propagation in various model systems raise questions about the generalizability of this mechanism in various tauopathies. Notably, understanding the mechanisms of tauopathy induction and spread and tau-induced neurodegeneration has important implications for tau-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Strang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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20
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Hawkins KE, Duchen M. Modelling mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease using human induced pluripotent stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:236-253. [PMID: 31171953 PMCID: PMC6545525 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i5.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. To date, only five pharmacological agents have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in AD, all of which target the symptoms of the disease rather than the cause. Increasing our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AD will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. Over the years, the major hypotheses of AD etiology have focused on deposition of amyloid beta and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review we highlight the potential of experimental model systems based on human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to provide novel insights into the cellular pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration in AD. Whilst Down syndrome and familial AD iPSC models faithfully reproduce features of AD such as accumulation of Aβ and tau, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, sporadic AD is much more difficult to model in this way due to its complex etiology. Nevertheless, iPSC-based modelling of AD has provided invaluable insights into the underlying pathophysiology of the disease, and has a huge potential for use as a platform for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Elizabeth Hawkins
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Duchen
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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21
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Senkevich KA, Miliukhina IV, Pchelina SN. [The genetic predictors of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 118:109-117. [PMID: 30251988 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2018118081109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that can be both sporadic and familial. A number of studies are devoted to the study of non-motor symptoms in PD today. Cognitive deficits, and especially dementia, are one of the most severe and disabling non-motor symptoms of PD. More than a quarter of patients in the early stages of PD have a moderate cognitive impairment, more than half of patients with PD develop dementia within 10 years from the date of diagnosis. Using genome-wide association studies (GWAS), a number of genes associated with cognitive impairment have been identified based on a comparison of genetic and clinical phenotypes. These genes can be divided into three groups: genes that lead to the development of PD and are inherited according to the laws of Mendel (SNCA), genes that are risk factors for PD development (GBA, MAPT) and genes associated with the development of cognitive impairment, but not with PD (COMT, APOE, BDNF). This review examines the effect of genetic variants in the above-mentioned genes on cognitive functions in patients with PD. The elucidation of the genetic basis of cognitive deficits in PD could help in choice of treatment tactics and in development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Senkevich
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia; St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by Konstantinov of NRC 'Kurchatov Institute', Gatchina, Russia
| | - I V Miliukhina
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S N Pchelina
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia; St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by Konstantinov of NRC 'Kurchatov Institute', Gatchina, Russia
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22
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Sanchez-Roige S, Palmer AA, Fontanillas P, Elson SL, Adams MJ, Howard DM, Edenberg HJ, Davies G, Crist RC, Deary IJ, McIntosh AM, Clarke TK. Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in Two Population-Based Cohorts. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:107-118. [PMID: 30336701 PMCID: PMC6365681 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol use disorders are common conditions that have enormous social and economic consequences. Genome-wide association analyses were performed to identify genetic variants associated with a proxy measure of alcohol consumption and alcohol misuse and to explore the shared genetic basis between these measures and other substance use, psychiatric, and behavioral traits. METHOD This study used quantitative measures from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) from two population-based cohorts of European ancestry (UK Biobank [N=121,604] and 23andMe [N=20,328]) and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis. Two additional GWAS analyses were performed, a GWAS for AUDIT scores on items 1-3, which focus on consumption (AUDIT-C), and for scores on items 4-10, which focus on the problematic consequences of drinking (AUDIT-P). RESULTS The GWAS meta-analysis of AUDIT total score identified 10 associated risk loci. Novel associations localized to genes including JCAD and SLC39A13; this study also replicated previously identified signals in the genes ADH1B, ADH1C, KLB, and GCKR. The dimensions of AUDIT showed positive genetic correlations with alcohol consumption (rg=0.76-0.92) and DSM-IV alcohol dependence (rg=0.33-0.63). AUDIT-P and AUDIT-C scores showed significantly different patterns of association across a number of traits, including psychiatric disorders. AUDIT-P score was significantly positively genetically correlated with schizophrenia (rg=0.22), major depressive disorder (rg=0.26), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (rg=0.23), whereas AUDIT-C score was significantly negatively genetically correlated with major depressive disorder (rg=-0.24) and ADHD (rg=-0.10). This study also used the AUDIT data in the UK Biobank to identify thresholds for dichotomizing AUDIT total score that optimize genetic correlations with DSM-IV alcohol dependence. Coding individuals with AUDIT total scores ≤4 as control subjects and those with scores ≥12 as case subjects produced a significant high genetic correlation with DSM-IV alcohol dependence (rg=0.82) while retaining most subjects. CONCLUSIONS AUDIT scores ascertained in population-based cohorts can be used to explore the genetic basis of both alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pierre Fontanillas
- Collaborator List for the 23andMe Research Team: Michelle
Agee, Babak Alipanahi, Adam Auton, Robert K. Bell, Katarzyna Bryc, Sarah L. Elson,
Pierre Fontanillas, Nicholas A. Furlotte, David A. Hinds, Karen E. Huber, Aaron
Kleinman, Nadia K. Litterman, Jennifer C. McCreight, Matthew H. McIntyre, Joanna L.
Mountain, Elizabeth S. Noblin, Carrie A.M. Northover, Steven J. Pitts, J. Fah
Sathirapongsasuti, Olga V. Sazonova, Janie F. Shelton, Suyash Shringarpure, Chao
Tian, Joyce Y. Tung, Vladimir Vacic, and Catherine H. Wilson
| | - Sarah L. Elson
- Collaborator List for the 23andMe Research Team: Michelle
Agee, Babak Alipanahi, Adam Auton, Robert K. Bell, Katarzyna Bryc, Sarah L. Elson,
Pierre Fontanillas, Nicholas A. Furlotte, David A. Hinds, Karen E. Huber, Aaron
Kleinman, Nadia K. Litterman, Jennifer C. McCreight, Matthew H. McIntyre, Joanna L.
Mountain, Elizabeth S. Noblin, Carrie A.M. Northover, Steven J. Pitts, J. Fah
Sathirapongsasuti, Olga V. Sazonova, Janie F. Shelton, Suyash Shringarpure, Chao
Tian, Joyce Y. Tung, Vladimir Vacic, and Catherine H. Wilson
| | - The 23andMe Research Team
- Collaborator List for the 23andMe Research Team: Michelle
Agee, Babak Alipanahi, Adam Auton, Robert K. Bell, Katarzyna Bryc, Sarah L. Elson,
Pierre Fontanillas, Nicholas A. Furlotte, David A. Hinds, Karen E. Huber, Aaron
Kleinman, Nadia K. Litterman, Jennifer C. McCreight, Matthew H. McIntyre, Joanna L.
Mountain, Elizabeth S. Noblin, Carrie A.M. Northover, Steven J. Pitts, J. Fah
Sathirapongsasuti, Olga V. Sazonova, Janie F. Shelton, Suyash Shringarpure, Chao
Tian, Joyce Y. Tung, Vladimir Vacic, and Catherine H. Wilson
| | | | - Mark J. Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
| | - David M. Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard C. Crist
- Translational Research Laboratories, Center for
Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania
Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toni-Kim Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
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23
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Allen M, Wang X, Serie DJ, Strickland SL, Burgess JD, Koga S, Younkin CS, Nguyen TT, Malphrus KG, Lincoln SJ, Alamprese M, Zhu K, Chang R, Carrasquillo MM, Kouri N, Murray ME, Reddy JS, Funk C, Price ND, Golde TE, Younkin SG, Asmann YW, Crook JE, Dickson DW, Ertekin-Taner N. Divergent brain gene expression patterns associate with distinct cell-specific tau neuropathology traits in progressive supranuclear palsy. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:709-727. [PMID: 30136084 PMCID: PMC6208732 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorder characterized by tau pathology in neurons and glial cells. Transcriptional regulation has been implicated as a potential mechanism in conferring disease risk and neuropathology for some PSP genetic risk variants. However, the role of transcriptional changes as potential drivers of distinct cell-specific tau lesions has not been explored. In this study, we integrated brain gene expression measurements, quantitative neuropathology traits and genome-wide genotypes from 268 autopsy-confirmed PSP patients to identify transcriptional associations with unique cell-specific tau pathologies. We provide individual transcript and transcriptional network associations for quantitative oligodendroglial (coiled bodies = CB), neuronal (neurofibrillary tangles = NFT), astrocytic (tufted astrocytes = TA) tau pathology, and tau threads and genomic annotations of these findings. We identified divergent patterns of transcriptional associations for the distinct tau lesions, with the neuronal and astrocytic neuropathologies being the most different. We determined that NFT are positively associated with a brain co-expression network enriched for synaptic and PSP candidate risk genes, whereas TA are positively associated with a microglial gene-enriched immune network. In contrast, TA is negatively associated with synaptic and NFT with immune system transcripts. Our findings have implications for the diverse molecular mechanisms that underlie cell-specific vulnerability and disease risk in PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Daniel J Serie
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Jeremy D Burgess
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Curtis S Younkin
- Division of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Thuy T Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Sarah J Lincoln
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Kuixi Zhu
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Rui Chang
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | - Naomi Kouri
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Melissa E Murray
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Joseph S Reddy
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Cory Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Nathan D Price
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Steven G Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Julia E Crook
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Birdsall 3, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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24
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Drosophila Models of Sporadic Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113343. [PMID: 30373150 PMCID: PMC6275057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common cause of movement disorders and is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. It is increasingly recognized as a complex group of disorders presenting widely heterogeneous symptoms and pathology. With the exception of the rare monogenic forms, the majority of PD cases result from an interaction between multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. The search for these risk factors and the development of preclinical animal models are in progress, aiming to provide mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of PD. This review summarizes the studies that capitalize on modeling sporadic (i.e., nonfamilial) PD using Drosophilamelanogaster and discusses their methodologies, new findings, and future perspectives.
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25
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Crystal structure of GSK3β in complex with the flavonoid, morin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:519-524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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26
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Perea JR, Llorens-Martín M, Ávila J, Bolós M. The Role of Microglia in the Spread of Tau: Relevance for Tauopathies. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:172. [PMID: 30042659 PMCID: PMC6048186 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases which course with the accumulation of Tau, mainly in neurons. In addition, Tau accumulates in a hyperphosphorylated and aggregated form. This protein is released into the extracellular space and spreads following a stereotypical pattern, inducing the development of the disease through connected regions of the brain. Microglia-the macrophages of the brain-are involved in maintaining brain homeostasis. They perform a variety of functions related to the surveillance and clearance of pathological proteins, among other dead cells and debris, from the extracellular space that could compromise brain equilibrium. This review focuses on the role played by microglia in tauopathies, specifically in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and how the uncoupling of activation/phagocytosis functions can have fatal consequences leading to the development of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Perea
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Llorens-Martín
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bolós
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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27
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Terrell TR, Abramson R, Barth JT, Bennett E, Cantu RC, Sloane R, Laskowitz DT, Erlanger DM, McKeag D, Nichols G, Valentine V, Galloway L. Genetic polymorphisms associated with the risk of concussion in 1056 college athletes: a multicentre prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med 2017; 52:192-198. [PMID: 28918391 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To evaluate the association of genetic polymorphisms APOE, APOE G-219T promoter, microtubule associated protein(MAPT)/tau exon 6 Ser53Pro, MAPT/tau Hist47Tyr, IL-6572 G/C and IL-6RAsp358Ala with the risk of concussion in college athletes. METHODS A 23-centre prospective cohort study of 1056 college athletes with genotyping was completed between August 2003 and December 2012. All athletes completed baseline medical and concussion questionnaires, and post-concussion data were collected for athletes with a documented concussion. RESULTS The study cohort consisted of 1056 athletes of mean±SD age 19.7±1.5 years, 89.3% male, 59.4% Caucasian, 35.0% African-American, 5.6% other race. The athletes participated in American football, soccer, basketball, softball, men's wrestling and club rugby. A total of 133 (12.1% prevalence) concussions occurred during an average surveillance of 3 years per athlete. We observed a significant positive association between IL-6R CC (p=0.001) and a negative association between APOE4 (p=0.03) and the risk of concussion. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between IL-6R CC and concussion (OR 3.48; 95% CI 1.58 to 7.65; p=0.002) and between the APOE4 allele and concussion (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.96; p=0.04), which persisted after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSIONS IL-6R CC was associated with a three times greater concussion risk and APOE4 with a 40% lower risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roland Terrell
- Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Sports Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,Family Medicine and Sports Medicine Center, Covenant Medical Group, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ruth Abramson
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffery T Barth
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, Brain Injury and Sports Concussion Institute, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ellen Bennett
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Cantu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for the Study of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard Sloane
- Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel T Laskowitz
- Neurobiology and Anesthesiology, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA.,Neurology and Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David M Erlanger
- Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York, USA.,University Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Douglas McKeag
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Oregon Health Science Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gregory Nichols
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Verle Valentine
- Sanford Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Sanford Health Care, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Leslie Galloway
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,Environmental Sciences Division, Toxicology and Risk Analysis, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
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28
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Nizynski B, Dzwolak W, Nieznanski K. Amyloidogenesis of Tau protein. Protein Sci 2017; 26:2126-2150. [PMID: 28833749 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The role of microtubule-associated protein Tau in neurodegeneration has been extensively investigated since the discovery of Tau amyloid aggregates in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The process of formation of amyloid fibrils is known as amyloidogenesis and attracts much attention as a potential target in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative conditions linked to protein aggregation. Cerebral deposition of amyloid aggregates of Tau is observed not only in AD but also in numerous other tauopathies and prion diseases. Amyloidogenesis of intrinsically unstructured monomers of Tau can be triggered by mutations in the Tau gene, post-translational modifications, or interactions with polyanionic molecules and aggregation-prone proteins/peptides. The self-assembly of amyloid fibrils of Tau shares a number of characteristic features with amyloidogenesis of other proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases. For example, in vitro experiments have demonstrated that the nucleation phase, which is the rate-limiting stage of Tau amyloidogenesis, is shortened in the presence of fragmented preformed Tau fibrils acting as aggregation templates ("seeds"). Accordingly, Tau aggregates released by tauopathy-affected neurons can spread the neurodegenerative process in the brain through a prion-like mechanism, originally described for the pathogenic form of prion protein. Moreover, Tau has been shown to form amyloid strains-structurally diverse self-propagating aggregates of potentially various pathological effects, resembling in this respect prion strains. Here, we review the current literature on Tau aggregation and discuss mechanisms of propagation of Tau amyloid in the light of the prion-like paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Nizynski
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 2C Banacha Str, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur Str, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dzwolak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur Str, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Nieznanski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
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29
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Zhou LT, Ye SH, Yang HX, Zhou YT, Zhao QH, Sun WW, Gao MM, Yi YH, Long YS. A novel role of fragile X mental retardation protein in pre-mRNA alternative splicing through RNA-binding protein 14. Neuroscience 2017; 349:64-75. [PMID: 28257890 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an important RNA-binding protein responsible for fragile X syndrome, is involved in posttranscriptional control of gene expression that links with brain development and synaptic functions. Here, we reveal a novel role of FMRP in pre-mRNA alternative splicing, a general event of posttranscriptional regulation. Using co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays, we identified that FMRP interacts with an alternative-splicing-associated protein RNA-binding protein 14 (RBM14) in a RNA-dependent fashion, and the two proteins partially colocalize in the nuclei of hippocampal neurons. We show that the relative skipping/inclusion ratio of the micro-exon L in the Protrudin gene and exon 10 in the Tau gene decreased in the hippocampus of Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice. Knockdown of either FMRP or RBM14 alters the relative skipping/inclusion ratio of Protrudin and Tau in cultured Neuro-2a cells, similar to that in the Fmr1 KO mice. Furthermore, overexpression of FMRP leads to an opposite pattern of the splicing, which can be offset by RBM14 knockdown. RNA immunoprecipitation assays indicate that FMRP promotes RBM14's binding to the mRNA targets. In addition, overexpression of the long form of Protrudin or the short form of Tau promotes protrusion growth of the retinoic acid-treated, neuronal-differentiated Neuro-2a cells. Together, these data suggest a novel function of FMRP in the regulation of pre-mRNA alternative splicing through RBM14 that may be associated with normal brain function and FMRP-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Tao Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Shun-Hua Ye
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Hai-Xuan Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yong-Ting Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Qi-Hua Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Wei-Wen Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Mei-Mei Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yong-Hong Yi
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Yue-Sheng Long
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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30
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Park SA, Ahn SI, Gallo JM. Tau mis-splicing in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. BMB Rep 2017; 49:405-13. [PMID: 27222125 PMCID: PMC5070727 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.8.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau proteins, which stabilize the structure and regulate the dynamics of microtubules, also play important roles in axonal transport and signal transduction. Tau proteins are missorted, aggregated, and found as tau inclusions under many pathological conditions associated with neurodegenerative disorders, which are collectively known as tauopathies. In the adult human brain, tau protein can be expressed in six isoforms due to alternative splicing. The aberrant splicing of tau pre-mRNA has been consistently identified in a variety of tauopathies but is not restricted to these types of disorders as it is also present in patients with non-tau proteinopathies and RNAopathies. Tau mis-splicing results in isoform-specific impairments in normal physiological function and enhanced recruitment of excessive tau isoforms into the pathological process. A variety of factors are involved in the complex set of mechanisms underlying tau mis-splicing, but variation in the cis-element, methylation of the MAPT gene, genetic polymorphisms, the quantity and activity of spliceosomal proteins, and the patency of other RNA-binding proteins, are related to aberrant splicing. Currently, there is a lack of appropriate therapeutic strategies aimed at correcting the tau mis-splicing process in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between tau mis-splicing and neurodegenerative disorders will aid in the development of efficient therapeutic strategies for patients with a tauopathy or other, related neurodegenerative disorders. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(8): 405-413]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ah Park
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea
| | - Sang Il Ahn
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea
| | - Jean-Marc Gallo
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
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Reduction of Nuak1 Decreases Tau and Reverses Phenotypes in a Tauopathy Mouse Model. Neuron 2016; 92:407-418. [PMID: 27720485 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative proteinopathies share a common pathogenic mechanism: the abnormal accumulation of disease-related proteins. As growing evidence indicates that reducing the steady-state levels of disease-causing proteins mitigates neurodegeneration in animal models, we developed a strategy to screen for genes that decrease the levels of tau, whose accumulation contributes to the pathology of both Alzheimer disease (AD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Integrating parallel cell-based and Drosophila genetic screens, we discovered that tau levels are regulated by Nuak1, an AMPK-related kinase. Nuak1 stabilizes tau by phosphorylation specifically at Ser356. Inhibition of Nuak1 in fruit flies suppressed neurodegeneration in tau-expressing Drosophila, and Nuak1 haploinsufficiency rescued the phenotypes of a tauopathy mouse model. These results demonstrate that decreasing total tau levels is a valid strategy for mitigating tau-related neurodegeneration and reveal Nuak1 to be a novel therapeutic entry point for tauopathies.
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Barber IS, Braae A, Clement N, Patel T, Guetta-Baranes T, Brookes K, Medway C, Chappell S, Guerreiro R, Bras J, Hernandez D, Singleton A, Hardy J, Mann DM, Morgan K. Mutation analysis of sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease using the NeuroX array. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 49:215.e1-215.e8. [PMID: 27776828 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have screened sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease (sEOAD, n = 408) samples using the NeuroX array for known causative and predicted pathogenic variants in 16 genes linked to familial forms of neurodegeneration. We found 2 sEOAD individuals harboring a known causative variant in PARK2 known to cause early-onset Parkinson's disease; p.T240M (n = 1) and p.Q34fs delAG (n = 1). In addition, we identified 3 sEOAD individuals harboring a predicted pathogenic variant in MAPT (p.A469T), which has previously been associated with AD. It is currently unknown if these variants affect susceptibility to sEOAD, further studies would be needed to establish this. This work highlights the need to screen sEOAD individuals for variants that are more classically attributed to other forms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda S Barber
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Anne Braae
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Naomi Clement
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tulsi Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tamar Guetta-Baranes
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Keeley Brookes
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher Medway
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sally Chappell
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M Mann
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Kevin Morgan
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Pascale E, Di Battista ME, Rubino A, Purcaro C, Valente M, Fattapposta F, Ferraguti G, Meco G. Genetic Architecture of MAPT Gene Region in Parkinson Disease Subtypes. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:96. [PMID: 27147968 PMCID: PMC4826864 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) region has been conceptualized as a model of the interaction between genetics and functional disease outcomes in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson disease (PD). Indeed, haplotype-specific differences in expression and alternative splicing of MAPT transcripts affect cellular functions at different levels, increasing susceptibility to a range of neurodegenerative processes. In order to evaluate a possible link between MAPT variants, PD risk and PD motor phenotype, we analyzed the genetic architecture of MAPT in a cohort of PD patients. We observed a statistically significant association between the H1 haplotype and PD risk (79.5 vs 69.5%; χ2 = 9.9; OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2–2.4; p = 0.002). The effect was more evident in non tremor dominant (TD) PD subjects (NTD-PD) (82 vs 69.5%; χ2 = 13.6; OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.4–3; p = 0.0003), while no difference emerged between PD subgroup of tremor dominant patients (TD-PD) and control subjects. Examination of specific intra-H1 variations showed that the H1h subhaplotype was overrepresented in NTD-PD patients compared with controls (p = 0.007; OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3–6.3). Although we cannot exclude that MAPT variation may be associated with ethnicity, our results may support the hypothesis that MAPT H1 clade and a specific H1 subhaplotype influence the risk of PD and modulate the clinical expression of the disease, including motor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esterina Pascale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Di Battista
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (Parkinson's Centre), Sapienza UniversityRome, Italy; Research Centre of Social Diseases (CIMS), Sapienza UniversityRome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Rubino
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (Parkinson's Centre), Sapienza UniversityRome, Italy; Research Centre of Social Diseases (CIMS), Sapienza UniversityRome, Italy
| | - Carlo Purcaro
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (Parkinson's Centre), Sapienza UniversityRome, Italy; Research Centre of Social Diseases (CIMS), Sapienza UniversityRome, Italy
| | - Marcella Valente
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (Parkinson's Centre), Sapienza UniversityRome, Italy; Research Centre of Social Diseases (CIMS), Sapienza UniversityRome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fattapposta
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (Parkinson's Centre), Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Meco
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (Parkinson's Centre), Sapienza UniversityRome, Italy; Research Centre of Social Diseases (CIMS), Sapienza UniversityRome, Italy
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Paul KC, Rausch R, Creek MM, Sinsheimer JS, Bronstein JM, Bordelon Y, Ritz B. APOE, MAPT, and COMT and Parkinson's Disease Susceptibility and Cognitive Symptom Progression. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2016; 6:349-59. [PMID: 27061069 PMCID: PMC5927361 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-150762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive decline is well recognized in Parkinson's disease (PD) and a major concern for patients and caregivers. Apolipoprotein E (APOE), catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) are of interest related to their contributions to cognitive decline or dementia in PD. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigate whether APOE, COMT, or MAPT influence the rate of cognitive decline in PD patients. METHODS We relied on 634 PD patients and 879 controls to examine gene-PD susceptibility associations, and nested longitudinal cohort of 246 patients from the case-control study, which followed patients on average 5 years and 7.5 years into disease. We repeatedly assessed cognitive symptom progression with the MMSE and conducted a full neuropsychological battery on a subset of 183 cognitively normal patients. We used repeated-measures regression analyses to assess longitudinal associations between genotypes and cognitive progression scores. RESULTS The MAPT H1 haplotype was associated with PD susceptibility. APOE 4 carriers (ɛ4+) (p = 0.03) and possibly COMT Met/Met (p = 0.06) carriers exhibited faster annual decline on the MMSE. Additionally, APOEɛ4+ carriers showed faster decline in many of the neuropsychological test scores. No such differences in neuropsychological outcomes were seen for the COMT genotypes. CONCLUSION This work supports a growing set of research identifying overlapping etiology and pathology between synucleinopathies, such as PD, Alzheimer's disease, and tauopathies, especially in the context of cognitive dysfunction in PD. We provide support for the argument that APOE ɛ4+ and COMT Met/Met genotypes can be used as predictors of faster cognitive decline in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health,
Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Rausch
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los
Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle M Creek
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health,
Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Janet S Sinsheimer
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health,
Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los
Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeff M Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los
Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yvette Bordelon
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los
Angeles, California, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health,
Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los
Angeles, California, USA
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35
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Cervera-Carles L, Pagonabarraga J, Pascual-Sedano B, Pastor P, Campolongo A, Fortea J, Blesa R, Alcolea D, Morenas-Rodríguez E, Sala I, Lleó A, Kulisevsky J, Clarimón J. Copy number variation analysis of the 17q21.31 region and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:175-80. [PMID: 26453547 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The H1 haplotype of the 17q21.31 inversion polymorphism has been consistently associated with progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and Parkinson's disease in Caucasians. Recently, large polymorphic segmental duplications resulting into complex rearrangements at this locus with a high diversity range in human populations have been revealed. We sought to explore whether the two multi-allelic copy number variants that are present in the H1 clade (with segmental duplications of 300 and 218 kilobases in length) could be responsible for the known H1-related risk of developing these neurodegenerative disorders. A total of 857 Spanish subjects including 330 patients with Parkinson's disease, 96 with progressive supranuclear palsy, 55 with corticobasal degeneration, 51 dementia with Lewy bodies, and 325 neurologically healthy controls, were genotyped for the H1/H2 haplotype. Subsequently, the two copy number variants that are characteristic of the H1 haplotype were evaluated through a high-resolution approach based on droplet digital polymerase chain reaction, in all H1 homozygous subjects. The H1 allele was significantly overrepresented in all diagnostic groups compared with controls (Parkinson's disease, P = 0.0001; progressive supranuclear palsy, P = 1.22 × 10(-6) ; corticobasal degeneration, P = 0.0002; and dementia with Lewy bodies, P = 0.032). However, no dosage differences were found for any of the two copy number variants analyzed. The H1 haplotype is associated with the risk of several neurodegenerative disorders, including dementia with Lewy bodies. However, common structural diversity within the 17q21.31-H1 clade does not explain this genetic association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cervera-Carles
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pagonabarraga
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Pascual-Sedano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Memory and Movement Disorders Units, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Campolongo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estrella Morenas-Rodríguez
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sala
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Chandrasekaran S, Bonchev D. Network analysis of human post-mortem microarrays reveals novel genes, microRNAs, and mechanistic scenarios of potential importance in fighting huntington's disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2016; 14:117-130. [PMID: 27924190 PMCID: PMC5128196 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor disturbances, cognitive decline, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. In this study, we utilized network-based analysis in an attempt to explore and understand the underlying molecular mechanism and to identify critical molecular players of this disease condition. Using human post-mortem microarrays from three brain regions (cerebellum, frontal cortex and caudate nucleus) we selected in a four-step procedure a seed set of highly modulated genes. Several protein-protein interaction networks, as well as microRNA-mRNA networks were constructed for these gene sets with the Elsevier Pathway Studio software and its associated ResNet database. We applied a gene prioritizing procedure based on vital network topological measures, such as high node connectivity and centrality. Adding to these criteria the guilt-by-association rule and exploring their innate biomolecular functions, we propose 19 novel genes from the analyzed microarrays, from which CEBPA, CDK1, CX3CL1, EGR1, E2F1, ERBB2, LRP1, HSP90AA1 and ZNF148 might be of particular interest for experimental validation. A possibility is discussed for dual-level gene regulation by both transcription factors and microRNAs in Huntington's disease mechanism. We propose several possible scenarios for experimental studies initiated via the extra-cellular ligands TGFB1, FGF2 and TNF aiming at restoring the cellular homeostasis in Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedevi Chandrasekaran
- Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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37
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Ajiro M, Jia R, Yang Y, Zhu J, Zheng ZM. A genome landscape of SRSF3-regulated splicing events and gene expression in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:1854-70. [PMID: 26704980 PMCID: PMC4770227 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative RNA splicing is an essential process to yield proteomic diversity in eukaryotic cells, and aberrant splicing is often associated with numerous human diseases and cancers. We recently described serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3 or SRp20) being a proto-oncogene. However, the SRSF3-regulated splicing events responsible for its oncogenic activities remain largely unknown. By global profiling of the SRSF3-regulated splicing events in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells, we found that SRSF3 regulates the expression of 60 genes including ERRFI1, ANXA1 and TGFB2, and 182 splicing events in 164 genes, including EP300, PUS3, CLINT1, PKP4, KIF23, CHK1, SMC2, CKLF, MAP4, MBNL1, MELK, DDX5, PABPC1, MAP4K4, Sp1 and SRSF1, which are primarily associated with cell proliferation or cell cycle. Two SRSF3-binding motifs, CCAGC(G)C and A(G)CAGCA, are enriched to the alternative exons. An SRSF3-binding site in the EP300 exon 14 is essential for exon 14 inclusion. We found that the expression of SRSF1 and SRSF3 are mutually dependent and coexpressed in normal and tumor tissues/cells. SRSF3 also significantly regulates the expression of at least 20 miRNAs, including a subset of oncogenic or tumor suppressive miRNAs. These data indicate that SRSF3 affects a global change of gene expression to maintain cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Ajiro
- Tumor Virus RNA Biology Section, Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rong Jia
- Tumor Virus RNA Biology Section, Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yanqin Yang
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, System Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, System Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhi-Ming Zheng
- Tumor Virus RNA Biology Section, Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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38
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Desikan RS, Schork AJ, Wang Y, Witoelar A, Sharma M, McEvoy LK, Holland D, Brewer JB, Chen CH, Thompson WK, Harold D, Williams J, Owen MJ, O’Donovan MC, Pericak-Vance MA, Mayeux R, Haines JL, Farrer LA, Schellenberg GD, Heutink P, Singleton AB, Brice A, Wood NW, Hardy J, Martinez M, Choi SH, DeStefano A, Ikram MA, Bis JC, Smith A, Fitzpatrick AL, Launer L, van Duijn C, Seshadri S, Ulstein ID, Aarsland D, Fladby T, Djurovic S, Hyman BT, Snaedal J, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Gasser T, Andreassen OA, Dale AM. Genetic overlap between Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease at the MAPT locus. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1588-95. [PMID: 25687773 PMCID: PMC4539304 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the genetic overlap between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Using summary statistics (P-values) from large recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (total n=89 904 individuals), we sought to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associating with both AD and PD. We found and replicated association of both AD and PD with the A allele of rs393152 within the extended MAPT region on chromosome 17 (meta analysis P-value across five independent AD cohorts=1.65 × 10(-7)). In independent datasets, we found a dose-dependent effect of the A allele of rs393152 on intra-cerebral MAPT transcript levels and volume loss within the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Our findings identify the tau-associated MAPT locus as a site of genetic overlap between AD and PD, and extending prior work, we show that the MAPT region increases risk of Alzheimer's neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S. Desikan
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: Drs. Rahul S. Desikan and Anders M. Dale, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive, Suite C101, La Jolla, CA, USA 92037-0841, , , Phone: (858)-822-6671, Fax: (858)-534-1078, Dr. Ole A. Andreassen: KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Building 49, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, PO Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway, , Ph: +47 23 02 73 50 (22 11 78 43 dir), Fax: +47 23 02 73 33
| | - Andrew J. Schork
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,NORMENT; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aree Witoelar
- NORMENT; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research University of Tubingen, Germany,Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Linda K. McEvoy
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dominic Holland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James B. Brewer
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Denise Harold
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Wales
| | - Julie Williams
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Wales
| | - Michael J. Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Wales
| | - Michael C. O’Donovan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Wales
| | | | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Neurology, Ophthalmology, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Tübingen, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; Inserm, U 1127, ICM; Cnrs, UMR 7225, ICM; ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas W. Wood
- UCL Genetics Institute; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Seung Hoi Choi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita DeStefano
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Deparment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Deparment of Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Deparment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | - Ingun Dina Ulstein
- Norwegian Centre for Dementia Research, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centre, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bradley T. Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jon Snaedal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research University of Tubingen, Germany
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,NORMENT; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Correspondence should be addressed to: Drs. Rahul S. Desikan and Anders M. Dale, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive, Suite C101, La Jolla, CA, USA 92037-0841, , , Phone: (858)-822-6671, Fax: (858)-534-1078, Dr. Ole A. Andreassen: KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Building 49, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, PO Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway, , Ph: +47 23 02 73 50 (22 11 78 43 dir), Fax: +47 23 02 73 33
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: Drs. Rahul S. Desikan and Anders M. Dale, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive, Suite C101, La Jolla, CA, USA 92037-0841, , , Phone: (858)-822-6671, Fax: (858)-534-1078, Dr. Ole A. Andreassen: KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Building 49, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, PO Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway, , Ph: +47 23 02 73 50 (22 11 78 43 dir), Fax: +47 23 02 73 33
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Labbé C, Ogaki K, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Soto-Ortolaza AI, Walton RL, Rayaprolu S, Fujioka S, Murray ME, Heckman MG, Puschmann A, McCarthy A, Lynch T, Siuda J, Opala G, Rudzinska M, Krygowska-Wajs A, Barcikowska M, Czyzewski K, Sanotsky Y, Rektorová I, McLean PJ, Rademakers R, Ertekin-Taner N, Hassan A, Ahlskog JE, Boeve BF, Petersen RC, Maraganore DM, Adler CH, Ferman TJ, Parisi JE, Graff-Radford NR, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Dickson DW, Ross OA. Role for the microtubule-associated protein tau variant p.A152T in risk of α-synucleinopathies. Neurology 2015; 85:1680-6. [PMID: 26333800 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the importance of MAPT variant p.A152T in the risk of synucleinopathies. METHODS In this case-control study, we screened a large global series of patients and controls, and assessed associations between p.A152T and disease risk. We included 3,229 patients with clinical Parkinson disease (PD), 442 with clinical dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 181 with multiple system atrophy (MSA), 832 with pathologically confirmed Lewy body disease (LBD), and 2,456 healthy controls. RESULTS The minor allele frequencies (MAF) in clinical PD cases (0.28%) and in controls (0.2%) were not found to be significantly different (odds ratio [OR] 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-2.98, p = 0.42). However, a significant association was observed with clinical DLB (MAF 0.68%, OR 5.76, 95% CI 1.62-20.51, p = 0.007) and LBD (MAF 0.42%, OR 3.55, 95% CI 1.04-12.17, p = 0.04). Additionally, p.A152T was more common in patients with MSA compared to controls (MAF 0.55%, OR 4.68, 95% CI 0.85-25.72, p = 0.08) but this was not statistically significant and therefore should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest that MAPT p.A152T is a rare low penetrance variant likely associated with DLB that may be influenced by coexisting LBD and AD pathology. Given the rare nature of the variant, further studies with greater sample size are warranted and will help to fully explain the role of p.A152T in the pathogenesis of the synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Labbé
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Kotaro Ogaki
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Oswaldo Lorenzo-Betancor
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Alexandra I Soto-Ortolaza
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Ronald L Walton
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Sruti Rayaprolu
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Melissa E Murray
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Michael G Heckman
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Andreas Puschmann
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Allan McCarthy
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Timothy Lynch
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Joanna Siuda
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Grzegorz Opala
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Monika Rudzinska
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Anna Krygowska-Wajs
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Maria Barcikowska
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Krzysztof Czyzewski
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Yanosh Sanotsky
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Irena Rektorová
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Pamela J McLean
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Anhar Hassan
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - J Eric Ahlskog
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Demetrius M Maraganore
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Charles H Adler
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Tanis J Ferman
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Neill R Graff-Radford
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Ryan J Uitti
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Zbigniew K Wszolek
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Owen A Ross
- From the Departments of Neuroscience (C.L., K.O., O.L.-B., A.I.S.-O., R.L.W., S.R., M.E.M., P.J.M., R.R., N.E.-T., D.W.D., O.A.R.), Neurology (S.F., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R., R.J.U., Z.K.W.), and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), and Mayo Graduate School (P.J.M., O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (A.M., T.L.), Conway; Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research (A.M., T.L.), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Lund University, and Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (J.S., G.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.R., A.K.-W.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.B.), Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Neurology (K.C.), Central Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital (Y.S.), Ukraine; Department of Neurology and School of Medicine (I.R.), Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Neurology (A.H., J.E.A., B.F.B., R.C.P.) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.M.), NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Department of Neurology (C.H.A.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
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Abstract
Polymorphic inversions are a type of structural variants that are difficult to analyze owing to their balanced nature and the location of breakpoints within complex repeated regions. So far, only a handful of inversions have been studied in detail in humans and current knowledge about their possible functional effects is still limited. However, inversions have been related to phenotypic changes and adaptation in multiple species. In this review, we summarize the evidences of the functional impact of inversions in the human genome. First, given that inversions have been shown to inhibit recombination in heterokaryotes, chromosomes displaying different orientation are expected to evolve independently and this may lead to distinct gene-expression patterns. Second, inversions have a role as disease-causing mutations both by directly affecting gene structure or regulation in different ways, and by predisposing to other secondary arrangements in the offspring of inversion carriers. Finally, several inversions show signals of being selected during human evolution. These findings illustrate the potential of inversions to have phenotypic consequences also in humans and emphasize the importance of their inclusion in genome-wide association studies.
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Mata IF, Leverenz JB, Weintraub D, Trojanowski JQ, Hurtig HI, Van Deerlin VM, Ritz B, Rausch R, Rhodes SL, Factor SA, Wood-Siverio C, Quinn JF, Chung KA, Peterson AL, Espay AJ, Revilla FJ, Devoto J, Hu SC, Cholerton BA, Wan JY, Montine TJ, Edwards KL, Zabetian CP. APOE, MAPT, and SNCA genes and cognitive performance in Parkinson disease. JAMA Neurol 2015; 71:1405-12. [PMID: 25178429 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cognitive impairment is a common and disabling problem in Parkinson disease (PD) that is not well understood and is difficult to treat. Identification of genetic variants that influence the rate of cognitive decline or pattern of early cognitive deficits in PD might provide a clearer understanding of the etiopathogenesis of this important nonmotor feature. OBJECTIVE To determine whether common variation in the APOE, MAPT, and SNCA genes is associated with cognitive performance in patients with PD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We studied 1079 PD patients from 6 academic centers in the United States who underwent assessments of memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised [HVLT-R]), attention and executive function (Letter-Number Sequencing Test and Trail Making Test), language processing (semantic and phonemic verbal fluency tests), visuospatial skills (Benton Judgment of Line Orientation test), and global cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). Participants underwent genotyping for the APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 alleles, MAPT H1/H2 haplotypes, and SNCA rs356219. We used linear regression to test for association between genotype and baseline cognitive performance with adjustment for age, sex, years of education, disease duration, and site. We used a Bonferroni correction to adjust for the 9 comparisons that were performed for each gene. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Nine variables derived from 7 psychometric tests. RESULTS The APOE ε4 allele was associated with lower performance on the HVLT-R Total Recall (P = 6.7 × 10(-6); corrected P [Pc] = 6.0 × 10(-5)), Delayed Recall (P = .001; Pc = .009), and Recognition Discrimination Index (P = .004; Pc = .04); a semantic verbal fluency test (P = .002; Pc = .02); the Letter-Number Sequencing Test (P = 1 × 10(-5); Pc = 9 × 10(-5)); and Trail Making Test B minus Trail Making Test A (P = .002; Pc = .02). In a subset of 645 patients without dementia, the APOE ε4 allele was associated with lower scores on the HVLT-R Total Recall (P = .005; Pc = .045) and the semantic verbal fluency (P = .005; Pc = .045) measures. Variants of MAPT and SNCA were not associated with scores on any tests. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our data indicate that the APOE ε4 allele is an important predictor of cognitive function in PD across multiple domains. Among PD patients without dementia, the APOE ε4 allele was only associated with lower performance on word list learning and semantic verbal fluency, a pattern more typical of the cognitive deficits seen in early Alzheimer disease than PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio F Mata
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington3Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - James B Leverenz
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington2Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington3Dep
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia7Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia8Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center and Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia10Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Howard I Hurtig
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles12Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles13Department of Neurology, University of California, Los
| | - Rebecca Rausch
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Shannon L Rhodes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Stewart A Factor
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cathy Wood-Siverio
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center,Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon16Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | - Kathryn A Chung
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center,Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon16Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | - Amie L Peterson
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center,Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon16Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Fredy J Revilla
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio18Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Johnna Devoto
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Shu-Ching Hu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington2Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington3Dep
| | - Brenna A Cholerton
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Jia Y Wan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle20currently with Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Karen L Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle20currently with Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine
| | - Cyrus P Zabetian
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington2Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington3Dep
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Mollenhauer B, Rochester L, Chen-Plotkin A, Brooks D. What can biomarkers tell us about cognition in Parkinson's disease? Mov Disord 2014; 29:622-33. [PMID: 24757111 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), even in the early motor stage, and this non-motor feature impacts quality of life and prognosis tremendously. In this article, we discuss marker candidates for cognitive decline in PD from different angles, including functional and structural imaging techniques, biological fluid markers in cerebrospinal fluid, and blood genetic predictors, as well as gait as a surrogate marker of cognitive decline. Specifically, imaging-based markers of cognitive impairment in PD include cortical atrophy, reduced cortical metabolism, loss of cortical cholinergic and frontal dopaminergic function, as well as an increased cortical amyloid load. Reduced β-amyloid(1-42) in cerebrospinal fluid and lower plasma levels of epidermal growth factor are predictors for cognitive decline in PD. In addition, genetic variation in the apolipoprotein E (APOE), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), and glucocerebrosidase (GBA) genes may confer risk for cognitive impairment in PD; and gait disturbance may also indicate an increased risk for dementia. Other marker candidates have been proposed and are discussed. All of the current studies are hampered by gaps in our knowledge about the molecular causes of cognitive decline, which will have to be considered in future biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel and University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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Allen M, Kachadoorian M, Quicksall Z, Zou F, Chai HS, Younkin C, Crook JE, Pankratz VS, Carrasquillo MM, Krishnan S, Nguyen T, Ma L, Malphrus K, Lincoln S, Bisceglio G, Kolbert CP, Jen J, Mukherjee S, Kauwe JK, Crane PK, Haines JL, Mayeux R, Pericak-Vance MA, Farrer LA, Schellenberg GD, Parisi JE, Petersen RC, Graff-Radford NR, Dickson DW, Younkin SG, Ertekin-Taner N. Association of MAPT haplotypes with Alzheimer's disease risk and MAPT brain gene expression levels. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2014; 6:39. [PMID: 25324900 PMCID: PMC4198935 DOI: 10.1186/alzrt268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction MAPT encodes for tau, the predominant component of neurofibrillary tangles that are neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Genetic association of MAPT variants with late-onset AD (LOAD) risk has been inconsistent, although insufficient power and incomplete assessment of MAPT haplotypes may account for this. Methods We examined the association of MAPT haplotypes with LOAD risk in more than 20,000 subjects (n-cases = 9,814, n-controls = 11,550) from Mayo Clinic (n-cases = 2,052, n-controls = 3,406) and the Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC, n-cases = 7,762, n-controls = 8,144). We also assessed associations with brain MAPT gene expression levels measured in the cerebellum (n = 197) and temporal cortex (n = 202) of LOAD subjects. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which tag MAPT haplotypes with frequencies greater than 1% were evaluated. Results H2-haplotype tagging rs8070723-G allele associated with reduced risk of LOAD (odds ratio, OR = 0.90, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.85-0.95, p = 5.2E-05) with consistent results in the Mayo (OR = 0.81, p = 7.0E-04) and ADGC (OR = 0.89, p = 1.26E-04) cohorts. rs3785883-A allele was also nominally significantly associated with LOAD risk (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01-1.13, p = 0.034). Haplotype analysis revealed significant global association with LOAD risk in the combined cohort (p = 0.033), with significant association of the H2 haplotype with reduced risk of LOAD as expected (p = 1.53E-04) and suggestive association with additional haplotypes. MAPT SNPs and haplotypes also associated with brain MAPT levels in the cerebellum and temporal cortex of AD subjects with the strongest associations observed for the H2 haplotype and reduced brain MAPT levels (β = -0.16 to -0.20, p = 1.0E-03 to 3.0E-03). Conclusions These results confirm the previously reported MAPT H2 associations with LOAD risk in two large series, that this haplotype has the strongest effect on brain MAPT expression amongst those tested and identify additional haplotypes with suggestive associations, which require replication in independent series. These biologically congruent results provide compelling evidence to screen the MAPT region for regulatory variants which confer LOAD risk by influencing its brain gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Zachary Quicksall
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Fanggeng Zou
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - High Seng Chai
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Curtis Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Julia E Crook
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - V Shane Pankratz
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Kimberly Malphrus
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Sarah Lincoln
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Gina Bisceglio
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Jin Jen
- Medical Genome Facility, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - John K Kauwe
- Departments of Biology, Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98104, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and the Vanderbilt Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, and Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Departments of Biostatistics, Medicine (Genetics Program), Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Neill R Graff-Radford
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Birdsall 3, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Steven G Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA ; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Birdsall 3, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Newman M, Ebrahimie E, Lardelli M. Using the zebrafish model for Alzheimer's disease research. Front Genet 2014; 5:189. [PMID: 25071820 PMCID: PMC4075077 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent models have been extensively used to investigate the cause and mechanisms behind Alzheimer’s disease. Despite many years of intensive research using these models we still lack a detailed understanding of the molecular events that lead to neurodegeneration. Although zebrafish lack the complexity of advanced cognitive behaviors evident in rodent models they have proven to be a very informative model for the study of human diseases. In this review we give an overview of how the zebrafish has been used to study Alzheimer’s disease. Zebrafish possess genes orthologous to those mutated in familial Alzheimer’s disease and research using zebrafish has revealed unique characteristics of these genes that have been difficult to observe in rodent models. The zebrafish is becoming an increasingly popular model for the investigation of Alzheimer’s disease and will complement studies using other models to help complete our understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Newman
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Michael Lardelli
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide SA, Australia
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Medina M, Avila J. The role of extracellular Tau in the spreading of neurofibrillary pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:113. [PMID: 24795568 PMCID: PMC4005959 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein (MAP) tau plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and several related disorders collectively known as tauopathies. Development of tau pathology is associated with progressive neuronal loss and cognitive decline. In the brains of AD patients, tau pathology spreads following an anatomically defined pattern. Mounting evidence strongly suggests that accumulation of abnormal tau is mediated through spreading of seeds of the protein from cell to cell and point at the involvement of extracellular tau species as the main agent in the interneuronal propagation of neurofibrillary lesions and spreading of tau toxicity throughout different brain regions in these disorders. That would support the concept that pathology initiates in a very small part of the brain many years before becoming symptomatic, spreading progressively to the whole brain within 10–20 years. Understanding the precise molecular mechanism underlying tau propagation is crucial for the development of therapeutics for this devastating disorder. In this work, we will discuss recent research on the role of extracellular tau in the spreading of tau pathology, through synaptic and non-synaptic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Medina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Avila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Madrid, Spain ; Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" CSIC-UAM Madrid, Spain
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Chandrasekaran S, Bonchev D. A network view on Parkinson's disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2013; 7:e201304004. [PMID: 24688734 PMCID: PMC3962195 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201304004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Network-based systems biology tools including Pathway Studio 9.0 were used to identify Parkinson's disease (PD) critical molecular players, drug targets, and underlying biological processes. Utilizing several microarray gene expression datasets, biomolecular networks such as direct interaction, shortest path, and microRNA regulatory networks were constructed and analyzed for the disease conditions. Network topology analysis of node connectivity and centrality revealed in combination with the guilt-by-association rule 17 novel genes of PD-potential interest. Seven new microRNAs (miR-132, miR-133a1, miR-181-1, miR-182, miR-218-1, miR-29a, and miR-330) related to Parkinson's disease were identified, along with more microRNA targeted genes of interest like RIMS3, SEMA6D and SYNJ1. David and IPA enrichment analysis of KEGG and canonical pathways provided valuable mechanistic information emphasizing among others the role of chemokine signaling, adherence junction, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathways. Several routes for possible disease initiation and neuro protection mechanisms triggered via the extra-cellular ligands such as CX3CL1, SEMA6D and IL12B were thus uncovered, and a dual regulatory system of integrated transcription factors and microRNAs mechanisms was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedevi Chandrasekaran
- Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States
| | - Danail Bonchev
- Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States
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Ramachandran G, Udgaonkar JB. Mechanistic studies unravel the complexity inherent in tau aggregation leading to Alzheimer's disease and the tauopathies. Biochemistry 2013; 52:4107-26. [PMID: 23721410 DOI: 10.1021/bi400209z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of the protein tau into amyloid fibrils is known to be involved in the causation of the neurodegenerative tauopathies and the progression of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. This review surveys the mechanism of tau aggregation with special emphasis on the information obtained from biochemical and biophysical studies. First, tau is described from a structure-function perspective. Subsequently, the connection of tau to neurodegeneration is explained, and a description of the tau amyloid fibril is provided. Lastly, studies of the mechanism of tau fibril formation are reviewed, and the physiological significance of these studies with reference to how they can clarify many aspects of disease progression is described. The aim of this review is to underscore how mechanistic studies reveal the complexity of the tau fibril formation pathway and the plethora of species populated on or off the pathway of aggregation, and how this information can be beneficial in the design of inhibitors or drugs that ameliorate neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Ramachandran
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Bangalore 560065, India
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Ertekin-Taner N, De Jager PL, Yu L, Bennett DA. Alternative Approaches in Gene Discovery and Characterization in Alzheimer's Disease. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2013; 1:39-51. [PMID: 23482655 PMCID: PMC3584671 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-013-0007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Uncovering the genetic risk and protective factors for complex diseases is of fundamental importance for advancing therapeutic and biomarker discoveries. This endeavor is particularly challenging for neuropsychiatric diseases where diagnoses predominantly rely on the clinical presentation, which may be heterogeneous, possibly due to the heterogeneity of the underlying genetic susceptibility factors and environmental exposures. Although genome-wide association studies of various neuropsychiatric diseases have recently identified susceptibility loci, there likely remain additional genetic risk factors that underlie the liability to these conditions. Furthermore, identification and characterization of the causal risk variant(s) in each of these novel susceptibility loci constitute a formidable task, particularly in the absence of any prior knowledge about their function or mechanism of action. Biologically relevant, quantitative phenotypes, i.e., endophenotypes, provide a powerful alternative to the more traditional, binary disease phenotypes in the discovery and characterization of susceptibility genes for neuropsychiatric conditions. In this review, we focus on Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a model neuropsychiatric disease and provide a synopsis of the recent literature on the use of endophenotypes in AD genetics. We highlight gene expression, neuropathology and cognitive endophenotypes in AD, with examples demonstrating the utility of these alternative approaches in the discovery of novel susceptibility genes and pathways. In addition, we discuss how these avenues generate testable hypothesis about the pathophysiology of genetic factors that have far-reaching implications for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Birdsall 3, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Phillip L. De Jager
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur NRB168, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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Wolfe MS. The role of tau in neurodegenerative diseases and its potential as a therapeutic target. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:796024. [PMID: 24278740 PMCID: PMC3820460 DOI: 10.6064/2012/796024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal deposition of proteins in and around neurons is a common pathological feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. Among these pathological proteins, the microtubule-associated protein tau forms intraneuronal filaments in a spectrum of neurological disorders. The discovery that dominant mutations in the MAPT gene encoding tau are associated with familial frontotemporal dementia strongly supports abnormal tau protein as directly involved in disease pathogenesis. This and other evidence suggest that tau is a worthwhile target for the prevention or treatment of tau-associated neurodegenerative diseases, collectively called tauopathies. However, it is critical to understand the normal biological roles of tau, the specific molecular events that induce tau to become neurotoxic, the biochemical nature of pathogenic tau, the means by which pathogenic tau exerts neurotoxicity, and how tau pathology propagates. Based on known differences between normal and abnormal tau, a number of approaches have been taken toward the discovery of potential therapeutics. Key questions still remain open, such as the nature of the connection between the amyloid- β protein of Alzheimer's disease and tau pathology. Answers to these questions should help better understand the nature of tauopathies and may also reveal new therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Wolfe
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, H.I.M. 754, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Six tau isoforms differing in their affinity for microtubules are produced by alternative splicing from the MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau) gene in adult human brain. Several MAPT mutations causing the familial tauopathy, FTDP-17 (frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17), affect alternative splicing of exon 10, encoding a microtubule-binding motif. Advanced RNA analysis methods have suggested that levels of exon 10-containing MAPT mRNA are elevated in Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, the MAPT H1 haplotype, associated with Alzheimer's disease, promotes exon 10 inclusion in MAPT mRNA. Thus an accurate regulation of tau alternative splicing is critical for the maintenance of neuronal viability, and its alteration might be a contributing factor to Alzheimer's disease. Tau alternative splicing could represent a target for therapeutic intervention to delay the progression of pathology in familial as well as sporadic tauopathies.
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