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Jukic A, Lei Z, Cebul ER, Pinter K, Mosqueda N, David S, Tarchini B, Kindt K. Presynaptic Nrxn3 is essential for ribbon-synapse assembly in hair cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.14.580267. [PMID: 38410471 PMCID: PMC10896334 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.580267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Hair cells of the inner ear rely on specialized ribbon synapses to transmit sensory information to the central nervous system. The molecules required to assemble these synapses are not fully understood. We show that Nrxn3, a presynaptic adhesion molecule, is critical for ribbon-synapse assembly in hair cells. In both mouse and zebrafish models, loss of Nrxn3 results in significantly fewer intact ribbon synapses. In zebrafish we demonstrate that a 60% loss of synapses in nrxn3 mutants dramatically reduces both presynaptic responses in hair cells and postsynaptic responses in afferent neurons. Despite a reduction in synapse function in this model, we find no deficits in the acoustic startle response, a behavior reliant on these synapses. Overall, this work demonstrates that Nrxn3 is a critical and conserved molecule required to assemble ribbon synapses. Understanding how ribbon synapses assemble is a key step towards generating novel therapies to treat forms of age-related and noise-induced hearing loss that occur due to loss of ribbon synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Jukic
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhengchang Lei
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Cebul
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Katherine Pinter
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Natalie Mosqueda
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sandeep David
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Katie Kindt
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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2
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Koumoundourou A, Rannap M, De Bruyckere E, Nestel S, Reissner C, Egorov AV, Liu P, Missler M, Heimrich B, Draguhn A, Britsch S. Regulation of hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 synapse function by a Bcl11b/C1ql2/Nrxn3(25b+) pathway. eLife 2024; 12:RP89854. [PMID: 38358390 PMCID: PMC10942602 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Bcl11b has been linked to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with synaptic dysfunction. Bcl11b is highly expressed in dentate gyrus granule neurons and is required for the structural and functional integrity of mossy fiber-CA3 synapses. The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, remained unclear. We show in mice that the synaptic organizer molecule C1ql2 is a direct functional target of Bcl11b that regulates synaptic vesicle recruitment and long-term potentiation at mossy fiber-CA3 synapses in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate C1ql2 to exert its functions through direct interaction with a specific splice variant of neurexin-3, Nrxn3(25b+). Interruption of C1ql2-Nrxn3(25b+) interaction by expression of a non-binding C1ql2 mutant or by deletion of Nrxn3 in the dentate gyrus granule neurons recapitulates major parts of the Bcl11b as well as C1ql2 mutant phenotype. Together, this study identifies a novel C1ql2-Nrxn3(25b+)-dependent signaling pathway through which Bcl11b controls mossy fiber-CA3 synapse function. Thus, our findings contribute to the mechanistic understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders accompanied by synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Märt Rannap
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Sigrun Nestel
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Carsten Reissner
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Alexei V Egorov
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Pengtao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyHong KongChina
| | - Markus Missler
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Bernd Heimrich
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Draguhn
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Stefan Britsch
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
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3
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Feichtinger RG, Preisel M, Brugger K, Wortmann SB, Mayr JA. Case Report-An Inherited Loss-of-Function NRXN3 Variant Potentially Causes a Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Autism Consistent with Previously Described 14q24.3-31.1 Deletions. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1217. [PMID: 37372397 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous, large-scale deletions at 14q24.3-31.1 affecting the neurexin-3 gene have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. Both "de novo" occurrences and inheritance from a healthy parent suggest incomplete penetrance and expressivity, especially in autism spectrum disorder. NRXN3 encodes neurexin-3, a neuronal cell surface protein involved in cell recognition and adhesion, as well as mediating intracellular signaling. NRXN3 is expressed in two distinct isoforms (alpha and beta) generated by alternative promoters and splicing. MM/Results: Using exome sequencing, we identified a monoallelic frameshift variant c.159_160del (p.Gln54AlafsTer50) in the NRXN3 beta isoform (NM_001272020.2) in a 5-year-old girl with developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, and behavioral issues. This variant was inherited from her mother, who did not have any medical complaints. DISCUSSION This is the first detailed report of a loss-of-function variant in NRXN3 causing an identical phenotype, as reported for heterozygous large-scale deletions in the same genomic region, thereby confirming NRXN3 as a novel gene for neurodevelopmental disorders with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- René G Feichtinger
- University Children's Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) und Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Preisel
- University Children's Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) und Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karin Brugger
- University Children's Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) und Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- University Children's Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) und Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, 6525 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- University Children's Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) und Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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4
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Brandner DD, Retzlaff CL, Kocharian A, Stieve BJ, Mashal MA, Mermelstein PG, Rothwell PE. Neuroligin-3 in dopaminergic circuits promotes behavioural and neurobiological adaptations to chronic morphine exposure. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13247. [PMID: 36577719 PMCID: PMC9803875 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic opioid exposure causes structural and functional changes in brain circuits, which may contribute to opioid use disorders. Synaptic cell-adhesion molecules are prime candidates for mediating this opioid-evoked plasticity. Neuroligin-3 (NL3) is an X-linked postsynaptic adhesion protein that shapes synaptic function at multiple sites in the mesolimbic dopamine system. We therefore studied how genetic knockout of NL3 alters responses to chronic morphine in male mice. Constitutive NL3 knockout caused a persistent reduction in psychomotor sensitization after chronic morphine exposure and change in the topography of locomotor stimulation produced by morphine. This latter change was recapitulated by conditional genetic deletion of NL3 from cells expressing the Drd1 dopamine receptor, whereas reduced psychomotor sensitization was recapitulated by conditional genetic deletion from dopamine neurons. Without NL3 expression, dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area exhibited diminished activation following chronic morphine exposure, by measuring in vivo calcium signals with fibre photometry. This altered pattern of dopamine neuron activity may be driven by aberrant forms of opioid-evoked synaptic plasticity in the absence of NL3: dopamine neurons lacking NL3 showed weaker synaptic inhibition at baseline, which was subsequently strengthened after chronic morphine. In total, our study highlights neurobiological adaptations in dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area that correspond with increased behavioural sensitivity to opioids and further suggests that NL3 expression by dopamine neurons provides a molecular substrate for opioid-evoked adaptations in brain function and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter D. Brandner
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | | | - Adrina Kocharian
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Bethany J. Stieve
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Mohammed A. Mashal
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | | | - Patrick E. Rothwell
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455,Corresponding Author: Patrick E. Rothwell, Ph.D., 4-142 Wallin Medical Biosciences Building, 2101 6 Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, Phone: 612-626-8744,
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Reece AS, Hulse GK. European Epidemiological Patterns of Cannabis- and Substance-Related Congenital Neurological Anomalies: Geospatiotemporal and Causal Inferential Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010441. [PMID: 36612763 PMCID: PMC9819725 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Of the many congenital anomalies (CAs) recently linked with community cannabis exposure, arguably the most concerning are neurological CAs (NCAs). We therefore conducted a detailed study of this in fourteen European nations. Methods. Congenital anomaly data were from Eurocat. Drug exposure data were from European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Income from World bank. Results. The Netherlands, Spain, France and Bulgaria reported increasing rates of many NCAs. The NCA rate (NCAR) was higher in nations with increasing daily cannabis use when compared to those without (p = 0.0204, minimum E-value (mEV) = 1.35). At bivariate analysis, the mEVs of the following NCAs were significantly cannabis related: severe microcephaly 2.14 × 1013, craniosynostosis 5.27 × 1011, nervous system 4.87 × 1011, eye 2.73 × 107, microphthalmos 4.07 × 106, anencephalus 710.37, hydrocephalus 245.64, spina bifida 14.86 and neural tube defects 13.15. At inverse probability, weighted panel regression terms including cannabis were significantly related to the following series of anomalies: nervous system, anencephalus, severe microcephalus, microphthalmos, neural tube defect and spina bifida from p = 5.09 × 10−8, <2.2 × 10−16, <2.2 × 10−16, 4.84 × 10−11, <2.2 × 10−16 and 9.69 × 10−7. At geospatial regression, this same series of anomalies had terms including cannabis significant from p = 0.0027, 1.53 × 10−7, 3.65 × 10−6, 2.13 × 10−8, 0.0002 and 9.76 × 10−12. 88.0% of 50 E-value estimates and 72.0% of mEVs > 9. This analysis therefore demonstrates both close association of cannabis exposure with multiple NCAs across space-time and also fulfills the quantitative criteria of causal inferential analysis. Conclusions. Nine NCARs on bivariate and six NCARs on multivariable regression were cannabis related and fulfilled quantitative epidemiological criteria for causality and are consistent with other series. Particular concerns relate to exponential dose−response effects demonstrated in the laboratory and epidemiological studies. Great caution with community cannabinoid penetration is warranted. Data indicate that cannabis is a significant environmental teratogen and thus imply that cannabinoids should be regulated similarly to the manner in which all other important genotoxins are carefully controlled by communities for their self-sustaining longevity and the protection of generations yet to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stuart Reece
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3844-4000; Fax: +61-7-3844-4015
| | - Gary Kenneth Hulse
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
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6
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Serova OV, Gantsova EA, Deyev IE, Petrenko AG. Tissue-Specific Expression of Neurexin-1α Isoforms in Rat Organs. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract—
Neurexins are a family of synaptic adhesion proteins that play a key role in synapse formation and maintenance. Neurexins undergo extensive alternative splicing at six sites (SS1–SS6) resulting in expression of multiplicity of different isoforms. Alternative splicing regulates the functional activity of neurexins in different types of tissues and cells and presumably plays a key role in determining the specificity of the interaction of various neurons. In this study, we have investigated the pattern of tissue expression of neurexin-1α mRNA isoforms including an insert in the recently discovered splice site SS6 using TaqMan Real-Time PCR in different organs of Wistar rats. The isoform containing the insert in the SS6 site was found only in neural tissues suggesting its potential functional importance. Position of the SS6 insert in the hinge region between the LNS5 and LNS6 domains increases variability of possible conformations of the molecule which may represent an additional mechanism for regulating functional activity of the neurexin-1α in the brain.
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7
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Abstract
Neurexin-3 is primarily localized in the presynaptic membrane and forms complexes with various ligands located in the postsynaptic membrane. Neurexin-3 has important roles in synapse development and synapse functions. Neurexin-3 mediates excitatory presynaptic differentiation by interacting with leucine-rich-repeat transmembrane neuronal proteins. Meanwhile, neurexin-3 modulates the expression of presynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors and γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors by interacting with neuroligins at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Numerous studies have documented the potential contribution of neurexin-3 to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, addiction behaviors, and other diseases, which raises hopes that understanding the mechanisms of neurexin-3 may hold the key to developing new strategies for related illnesses. This review comprehensively covers the literature to provide current knowledge of the structure, function, and clinical role of neurexin-3.
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8
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Boxer EE, Seng C, Lukacsovich D, Kim J, Schwartz S, Kennedy MJ, Földy C, Aoto J. Neurexin-3 defines synapse- and sex-dependent diversity of GABAergic inhibition in ventral subiculum. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110098. [PMID: 34879268 PMCID: PMC8763380 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventral subiculum (vSUB) is integral to the regulation of stress and reward; however, the intrinsic connectivity and synaptic properties of the inhibitory local circuit are poorly understood. Neurexin-3 (Nrxn3) is highly expressed in hippocampal inhibitory neurons, but its function at inhibitory synapses has remained elusive. Using slice electrophysiology, imaging, and single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify multiple roles for Nrxn3 at GABAergic parvalbumin (PV) interneuron synapses made onto vSUB regular-spiking (RS) and burst-spiking (BS) principal neurons. Surprisingly, we find that intrinsic connectivity of vSUB and synaptic function of Nrxn3 in vSUB are sexually dimorphic. We reveal that PVs make preferential contact with RS neurons in male mice, but BS neurons in female mice. Furthermore, we determine that despite comparable Nrxn3 isoform expression in male and female PV neurons, Nrxn3 knockout impairs synapse density, postsynaptic strength, and inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) amplitude at PV-RS synapses in males, but enhances presynaptic release and IPSC amplitude in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Boxer
- University of Colorado Anschutz, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Charlotte Seng
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Lukacsovich
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - JungMin Kim
- University of Colorado Anschutz, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Samantha Schwartz
- University of Colorado Anschutz, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew J Kennedy
- University of Colorado Anschutz, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Csaba Földy
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason Aoto
- University of Colorado Anschutz, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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9
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Tromp A, Mowry B, Giacomotto J. Neurexins in autism and schizophrenia-a review of patient mutations, mouse models and potential future directions. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:747-760. [PMID: 33191396 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the family of neurexins (NRXN1, NRXN2 and NRXN3) have been repeatedly identified in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, it remains unclear how these DNA variants affect neurexin functions and thereby predispose to these neurodevelopmental disorders. Understanding both the wild-type and pathologic roles of these genes in the brain could help unveil biological mechanisms underlying mental disorders. In this regard, numerous studies have focused on generating relevant loss-of-function (LOF) mammalian models. Although this has increased our knowledge about their normal functions, the potential pathologic role(s) of these human variants remains elusive. Indeed, after reviewing the literature, it seems apparent that a traditional LOF-genetic approach based on complete LOF might not be sufficient to unveil the role of these human mutations. First, these genes present a very complex transcriptome and total-LOF of all isoforms may not be the cause of toxicity in patients, particularly given evidence that causative variants act through haploinsufficiency. Moreover, human DNA variants may not all lead to LOF but potentially to intricate transcriptome changes that could also include the generation of aberrant isoforms acting as a gain-of-function (GOF). Furthermore, their transcriptomic complexity most likely renders them prone to genetic compensation when one tries to manipulate them using traditional site-directed mutagenesis approaches, and this could act differently from model to model leading to heterogeneous and conflicting phenotypes. This review compiles the relevant literature on variants identified in human studies and on the mouse models currently deployed, and offers suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Tromp
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Bryan Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jean Giacomotto
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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10
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Q P, KC W, CL E. Common genetic substrates of alcohol and substance use disorder severity revealed by pleiotropy detection against GWAS catalog in two populations. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12877. [PMID: 32027075 PMCID: PMC7415504 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol and other substance use disorders (AUD and SUD) are complex diseases that are postulated to have a polygenic inheritance and are often comorbid with other disorders. The comorbidities may arise partially through genetic pleiotropy. Identification of specific gene variants accounting for large parts of the variance in these disorders has yet to be accomplished. We describe a flexible strategy that takes a variant-trait association database and determines if a subset of disease/straits are potentially pleiotropic with the disorder under study. We demonstrate its usage in a study of use disorders in two independent cohorts: alcohol, stimulants, cannabis (CUD), and multi-substance use disorders (MSUD) in American Indians (AI) and AUD and CUD in Mexican Americans (MA). Using a machine learning method with variants in GWAS catalog, we identified 229 to 246 pleiotropic variants for AI and 153 to 160 for MA for each SUD. Inflammation was the most enriched for MSUD and AUD in AIs. Neurological disorder was the most significantly enriched for CUD in both cohorts, and for AUD and stimulants in AIs. Of the select pleiotropic genes shared among substances-cohorts, multiple biological pathways implicated in SUD and other psychiatric disorders were enriched, including neurotrophic factors, immune responses, extracellular matrix, and circadian regulation. Shared pleiotropic genes were significantly up-regulated in brain regions playing important roles in SUD, down-regulated in esophagus mucosa, and differentially regulated in adrenal gland. This study fills a gap for pleiotropy detection in understudied admixed populations and identifies pleiotropic variants that may be potential targets of interest for SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Q
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Wilhelmsen KC
- Department of Genetics and Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Ehlers CL
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
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11
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Al Shweiki MR, Oeckl P, Steinacker P, Barschke P, Dorner-Ciossek C, Hengerer B, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Otto M. Proteomic analysis reveals a biosignature of decreased synaptic protein in cerebrospinal fluid of major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:144. [PMID: 32398672 PMCID: PMC7217933 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of morbidity with a lifetime prevalence of 10%. There is increasing evidence suggesting synaptic dysfunction and impaired integrity of certain brain circuits in MDD. Here we investigate the cerebrospinal fluid proteome of psychiatric patients focusing on MDD by deep proteomic profiling approach combined with a further validation step using targeted mass spectrometry. We demonstrate profound CSF proteomic changes during on-going depression episodes in MDD patients (n = 40) in comparison to controls (n = 27), schizophrenia spectrum disorder (n = 13), and bipolar disorder patients (n = 11). The discovery analysis with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) reveals changes in proteins associated with synaptic transmission, myelination, and Wnt signaling in CSF of MDD. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) validation analysis confirms significantly decreased levels of eight proteins including the membrane synaptic proteins neurexin 3 (NRXN3), contactin-associated protein-like 4 (CNTNAP4), and glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 4 (GRIA4) in the CSF of MDD patients in comparison to the controls. Overall, the study demonstrates proteins that constitute an MDD biosignature for further validation studies and provides insight into the pathophysiology of MDD and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Oeckl
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Cornelia Dorner-Ciossek
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Bastian Hengerer
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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12
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Regulation of Synaptic Development by Astrocyte Signaling Factors and Their Emerging Roles in Substance Abuse. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020297. [PMID: 31991879 PMCID: PMC7072591 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes have critical functions throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and have emerged as regulators of synaptic development and function. With their highly complex morphologies, they are able to interact with thousands of synapses via peripheral astrocytic processes (PAPs), ensheathing neuronal axons and dendrites to form the tripartite synapse. In this way, astrocytes engage in crosstalk with neurons to mediate a variety of CNS processes including the regulation of extracellular matrix protein signaling, formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), axon growth and guidance, homeostasis of the synaptic microenvironment, synaptogenesis, and the promotion of synaptic diversity. In this review, we discuss several key astrocyte signaling factors (thrombospondins, netrins, apolipoproteins, neuregulins, bone morphogenetic proteins, and neuroligins) in the maintenance and regulation of synapse formation. We also explore how these astrocyte signaling factors are impacted by and contribute to substance abuse, particularly alcohol and cocaine use.
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13
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Hishimoto A, Pletnikova O, Lang DL, Troncoso JC, Egan JM, Liu QR. Neurexin 3 transmembrane and soluble isoform expression and splicing haplotype are associated with neuron inflammasome and Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:28. [PMID: 30902061 PMCID: PMC6429815 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic damage precedes neuron death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurexins, NRXN1, NRXN2, and NRXN3, are presynaptic adhesion molecules that specify neuron synapses and regulate neurotransmitter release. Neurexins and postsynaptic neuroligins interact with amyloid beta oligomer (AβO) deposits in damaged synapses. NRXN3 gene variants have been associated with autism, addiction, and schizophrenia, however, not fully investigated in Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we investigated an AD association of a 3'-splicing allele of rs8019381 that produces altered expression of transmembrane or soluble NRXN3 isoforms. METHODS We carried out RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction), PCR-RFLP (PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism), Sanger sequencing, and in situ hybridization (ISH) assays for NRXN3 neuron expression and genotyping. Genetic associations were analyzed by χ2 tests, and ISH signals were analyzed by FISH v1.0 module of Indica Labs HALO software. RESULTS We previously identified a functional haplotype in the 3' region of neurexin 3 (NRXN3) gene that alters the expression ratios between NRXN3 transmembrane and soluble isoforms. In this study, we found that expression and ratio of transmembrane and soluble NRXN3 isoforms were reduced in AD postmortem brains and inversely correlated with inflammasome component NLRP3 in AD brain regions. The splicing haplotype related to the transmembrane and soluble NRXN3 expression was associated with AD samples with P = 6.3 × 10-5 (odds ratio = 2.48) and interacted with APOE genotypes. CONCLUSIONS We found that the SNP rs8019381 of NRXN3 that is located adjacent to splicing site #5 (SS#5) interacts with the APOE ε4 haplotype and alters NRXN3 transmembrane or soluble isoform expression in AD postmortem cortex. Dysregulation of presynaptic NRXN3 expression and splicing might increase neuron inflammation in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Departments of Pathology, Neuropathology Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Doyle Lu Lang
- Lab of Clinical Investigation, NIA-NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Departments of Pathology, Neuropathology Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Lab of Clinical Investigation, NIA-NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- Lab of Clinical Investigation, NIA-NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Ho KWD, Han S, Nielsen JV, Jancic D, Hing B, Fiedorowicz J, Weissman MM, Levinson DF, Potash JB. Genome-wide association study of seasonal affective disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:190. [PMID: 30217971 PMCID: PMC6138666 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Family and twin studies have shown a genetic component to seasonal affective disorder (SAD). A number of candidate gene studies have examined the role of variations within biologically relevant genes in SAD susceptibility, but few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed to date. The authors aimed to identify genetic risk variants for SAD through GWAS. The authors performed a GWAS for SAD in 1380 cases and 2937 controls of European-American (EA) origin, selected from samples for GWAS of major depressive disorder and of bipolar disorder. Further bioinformatic analyses were conducted to examine additional genomic and biological evidence associated with the top GWAS signals. No susceptibility loci for SAD were identified at a genome-wide significant level. The strongest association was at an intronic variant (rs139459337) within ZBTB20 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.63, p = 8.4 × 10-7), which encodes a transcriptional repressor that has roles in neurogenesis and in adult brain. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis showed that the risk allele "T" of rs139459337 is associated with reduced mRNA expression of ZBTB20 in human temporal cortex (p = 0.028). Zbtb20 is required for normal murine circadian rhythm and for entrainment to a shortened day. Of the 330 human orthologs of murine genes directly repressed by Zbtb20, there were 32 associated with SAD in our sample (at p < 0.05), representing a significant enrichment of ZBTB20 targets among our SAD genetic association signals (fold = 1.93, p = 0.001). ZBTB20 is a candidate susceptibility gene for SAD, based on a convergence of genetic, genomic, and biological evidence. Further studies are necessary to confirm its role in SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwo Wei David Ho
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shizhong Han
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jakob V Nielsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dubravka Jancic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Benjamin Hing
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jess Fiedorowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas F Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - James B Potash
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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The Role of Cell Adhesion Molecule Genes Regulating Neuroplasticity in Addiction. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:9803764. [PMID: 29675039 PMCID: PMC5838467 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9803764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of genetic approaches, including twin studies, linkage studies, and candidate gene studies, has established a firm genetic basis for addiction. However, there has been difficulty identifying the precise genes that underlie addiction liability using these approaches. This situation became especially clear in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of addiction. Moreover, the results of GWAS brought into clarity many of the shortcomings of those early genetic approaches. GWAS studies stripped away those preconceived notions, examining genes that would not previously have been considered in the study of addiction, consequently creating a shift in our understanding. Most importantly, those studies implicated a class of genes that had not previously been considered in the study of addiction genetics: cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Considering the well-documented evidence supporting a role for various CAMs in synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, and regeneration, it is not surprising that allelic variation in CAM genes might also play a role in addiction liability. This review focuses on the role of various cell adhesion molecules in neuroplasticity that might contribute to addictive processes and emphasizes the importance of ongoing research on CAM genes that have been implicated in addiction by GWAS.
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16
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Kasem E, Kurihara T, Tabuchi K. Neurexins and neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurosci Res 2017; 127:53-60. [PMID: 29221905 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurexins are a family of presynaptic single-pass transmembrane proteins that act as synaptic organizers in mammals. The neurexins consist of three genes (NRXN1, NRXN2, and NRXN3), each of which produces a longer α- and shorter β-form. Genomic alterations in NRXN genes have been identified in a wide variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia, intellectual disability (ID), and addiction. Remarkably, a bi-allelic deficiency of NRXN1 was recently linked to Pitt-Hopkins syndrome. The fact that some mono-allelic functional variants of NRXNs are also found in healthy controls indicates that other genetic or environmental factors affect the penetrance of NRXN deficiency. In this review, we summarize the common research methods and representative results of human genetic studies that have implicated NRXN variants in various neuropsychiatric disorders. We also summarize studies of rodent models with NRXN deficiencies that complement our knowledge of human genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Kasem
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621 Japan
| | - Taiga Kurihara
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621 Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tabuchi
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621 Japan; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
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17
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mRNA changes in nucleus accumbens related to methamphetamine addiction in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36993. [PMID: 27869204 PMCID: PMC5116666 DOI: 10.1038/srep36993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant that elicits aberrant changes in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the nucleus accumbens of mice, indicating a potential role of METH in post-transcriptional regulations. To decipher the potential consequences of these post-transcriptional regulations in response to METH, we performed strand-specific RNA sequencing (ssRNA-Seq) to identify alterations in mRNA expression and their alternative splicing in the nucleus accumbens of mice following exposure to METH. METH-mediated changes in mRNAs were analyzed and correlated with previously reported changes in non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs) to determine the potential functions of these mRNA changes observed here and how non-coding RNAs are involved. A total of 2171 mRNAs were differentially expressed in response to METH with functions involved in synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial energy metabolism and immune response. 309 and 589 of these mRNAs are potential targets of miRNAs and lncRNAs respectively. In addition, METH treatment decreases mRNA alternative splicing, and there are 818 METH-specific events not observed in saline-treated mice. Our results suggest that METH-mediated addiction could be attributed by changes in miRNAs and lncRNAs and consequently, changes in mRNA alternative splicing and expression. In conclusion, our study reported a methamphetamine-modified nucleus accumbens transcriptome and provided non-coding RNA-mRNA interaction networks possibly involved in METH addiction.
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Roppongi RT, Karimi B, Siddiqui TJ. Role of LRRTMs in synapse development and plasticity. Neurosci Res 2016; 116:18-28. [PMID: 27810425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich-repeat transmembrane neuronal proteins (LRRTMs) are a family of four synapse organizing proteins critical for the development and function of excitatory synapses. The genes encoding LRRTMs and their binding partners, neurexins and HSPGs, are strongly associated with multiple psychiatric disorders. Here, we review the literature covering their structural features, expression patterns in the developing and adult brains, evolutionary origins, and discovery as synaptogenic proteins. We also discuss their role in the development and plasticity of excitatory synapses as well as their disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko T Roppongi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, 710 William Avenue, Winnipeg R3Y 0Z3, MB, Canada
| | - Benyamin Karimi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, 710 William Avenue, Winnipeg R3Y 0Z3, MB, Canada
| | - Tabrez J Siddiqui
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, 710 William Avenue, Winnipeg R3Y 0Z3, MB, Canada.
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19
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Genetic Relationship between Schizophrenia and Nicotine Dependence. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25671. [PMID: 27164557 PMCID: PMC4862382 DOI: 10.1038/srep25671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that most schizophrenia patients smoke cigarettes. There are different hypotheses postulating the underlying mechanisms of this comorbidity. We used summary statistics from large meta-analyses of plasma cotinine concentration (COT), Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and schizophrenia to examine the genetic relationship between these traits. We found that schizophrenia risk scores calculated at P-value thresholds of 5 × 10−3 and larger predicted FTND and cigarettes smoked per day (CPD), suggesting that genes most significantly associated with schizophrenia were not associated with FTND/CPD, consistent with the self-medication hypothesis. The COT risk scores predicted schizophrenia diagnosis at P-values of 5 × 10−3 and smaller, implying that genes most significantly associated with COT were associated with schizophrenia. These results implicated that schizophrenia and FTND/CPD/COT shared some genetic liability. Based on this shared liability, we identified multiple long non-coding RNAs and RNA binding protein genes (DA376252, BX089737, LOC101927273, LINC01029, LOC101928622, HY157071, DA902558, RBFOX1 and TINCR), protein modification genes (MANBA, UBE2D3, and RANGAP1) and energy production genes (XYLB, MTRF1 and ENOX1) that were associated with both conditions. Further analyses revealed that these shared genes were enriched in calcium signaling, long-term potentiation and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways that played a critical role in cognitive functions and neuronal plasticity.
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Matsuda K, Budisantoso T, Mitakidis N, Sugaya Y, Miura E, Kakegawa W, Yamasaki M, Konno K, Uchigashima M, Abe M, Watanabe I, Kano M, Watanabe M, Sakimura K, Aricescu A, Yuzaki M. Transsynaptic Modulation of Kainate Receptor Functions by C1q-like Proteins. Neuron 2016; 90:752-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Levran O, Peles E, Randesi M, Correa da Rosa J, Ott J, Rotrosen J, Adelson M, Kreek MJ. Synaptic Plasticity and Signal Transduction Gene Polymorphisms and Vulnerability to Drug Addictions in Populations of European or African Ancestry. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21:898-904. [PMID: 26384852 PMCID: PMC4619135 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Drug addiction is characterized, in part, by deregulation of synaptic plasticity in circuits involved in reward, stress, cue learning, and memory. This study was designed to assess whether 185 variants in 32 genes central to synaptic plasticity and signal transduction contribute to vulnerability to develop heroin and/or cocaine addiction. METHODS Analyses were conducted in a sample of 1860 subjects divided according to ancestry (African and European) and drug of abuse (heroin or cocaine). RESULTS Eighteen SNPs in 11 genes (CDK5R1, EPHA4, EPHA6, FOSL2, MAPK3, MBP, MPDZ, NFKB1, NTRK2, NTSR1, and PRKCE) showed significant associations (P < 0.01), but the signals did not survive correction for multiple testing. SNP rs230530 in the NFKB1 gene, encoding the transcription regulator NF-kappa-B, was the only SNP indicated in both ancestry groups and both addictions. This SNP was previously identified in association with alcohol addiction. SNP rs3915568 in NTSR1, which encodes neurotensin receptor, and SNP rs1389752 in MPDZ, which encodes the multiple PDZ domain protein, were previously associated with heroin addiction or alcohol addiction, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The study supports the involvement of genetic variation in signal transduction pathways in heroin and cocaine addiction and provides preliminary evidence suggesting several new risk or protective loci that may be relevant for diagnosis and treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Levran
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive DiseasesThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Einat Peles
- Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment and ResearchTel Aviv Elias Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Matthew Randesi
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive DiseasesThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Joel Correa da Rosa
- Center for Clinical and Translational ScienceThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Jurg Ott
- Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- The Laboratory of Statistical GeneticsThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - John Rotrosen
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare SystemNYU School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Miriam Adelson
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive DiseasesThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
- Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment and ResearchTel Aviv Elias Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment and ResearchLas VegasNVUSA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive DiseasesThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cluster headache (CH) is characterized by severe, recurrent, unilateral attacks of extreme intensity and brief duration. Variants in a myriad of genes were studied in sporadic CH patients, often with conflicting results. METHODS We studied gene mutations in some candidate genes, hypocretin receptor 2, Clock, and alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4), in 54 unrelated sporadic CH patients and in 200 controls in 8 kindreds/families that included more affected and nonaffected cases. Furthermore, we performed the whole-genome scanning by comparative genomic hybridization, searching for rearrangements associated with DNA gain or loss in a subset of sporadic and familial CH and control participants. RESULTS The analysis of candidate genes revealed that only allele and genotype frequency of the 2 ADH4 mutations resulted significantly between sporadic CH and controls; the same mutations were homozygous in CH patients from 2 families. The comparative genomic hybridization analysis revealed 2 novel rearrangements that involved the intron regions of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-degrading enzyme and neurexin 3 (NRXN3) genes, respectively. The first arrangement was present either in CH or in controls, whereas the second one was specifically found in some sporadic and familial CH cases. CONCLUSIONS Our data (although obtained on a small number of cases) confirm the genetic heterogeneity of CH, suggesting that mutations in the ADH4 gene and a novel rearrangement involving NRXN3 gene might be related to CH in a subset of cases.
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Drgonova J, Walther D, Wang KJ, Hartstein GL, Lochte B, Troncoso J, Uetani N, Iwakura Y, Uhl GR. Mouse Model for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase D ( PTPRD) Associations with Restless Leg Syndrome or Willis-Ekbom Disease and Addiction: Reduced Expression Alters Locomotion, Sleep Behaviors and Cocaine-Conditioned Place Preference. Mol Med 2015; 21:717-725. [PMID: 26181631 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase D (PTPRD) gene encodes a cell adhesion molecule likely to influence development and connections of addiction-, locomotion- and sleep-related brain circuits in which it is expressed. The PTPRD gene harbors genome-wide association signals in studies of restless leg syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease [WED]/restless leg syndrome [RLS]; p < 10-8) and addiction-related phenotypes (clusters of nearby single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] with 10-2 > p > 10-8 associations in several reports). We now report work that seeks (a) association between PTPRD genotypes and expression of its mRNA in postmortem human brains and (b) RLS-related, addiction-related and comparison behavioral phenotypes in hetero- and homozygous PTPRD knockout mice. We identify associations between PTPRD SNPs and levels of PTPRD mRNA in human brain samples that support validity of mouse models with altered PTPRD expression. Knockouts display less behaviorally defined sleep at the end of their active periods. Heterozygotes move more despite motor weakness/impersistence. Heterozygotes display shifted dose-response relationships for cocaine reward. They display greater preference for places paired with 5 mg/kg cocaine and less preference for places paired with 10 or 20 mg/kg. The combined data provide support for roles for common, level-of-expression PTPRD variation in locomotor, sleep and drug reward phenotypes relevant to RLS and addiction. Taken together, mouse and human results identify PTPRD as a novel therapeutic target for RLS and addiction phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Drgonova
- Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH)-Intramural Research Program (IRP), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Donna Walther
- Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH)-Intramural Research Program (IRP), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katherine J Wang
- Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH)-Intramural Research Program (IRP), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - G Luke Hartstein
- Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH)-Intramural Research Program (IRP), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bryson Lochte
- Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH)-Intramural Research Program (IRP), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Juan Troncoso
- Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Noriko Uetani
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Experimental Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - George R Uhl
- Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH)-Intramural Research Program (IRP), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.,Research, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
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Drgonova J, Walther D, Singhal S, Johnson K, Kessler B, Troncoso J, Uhl GR. Altered CSMD1 Expression Alters Cocaine-Conditioned Place Preference: Mutual Support for a Complex Locus from Human and Mouse Models. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120908. [PMID: 26171607 PMCID: PMC4501703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CUB and sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) gene harbors signals provided by clusters of nearby SNPs with 10-2 > p > 10-8 associations in genome wide association (GWAS) studies of addiction-related phenotypes. A CSMD1 intron 3 SNP displays p < 10-8 association with schizophrenia and more modest associations with individual differences in performance on tests of cognitive abilities. CSDM1 encodes a cell adhesion molecule likely to influence development, connections and plasticity of brain circuits in which it is expressed. We tested association between CSMD1 genotypes and expression of its mRNA in postmortem human brains (n = 181). Expression of CSMD1 mRNA in human postmortem cerebral cortical samples differs 15-25%, in individuals with different alleles of simple sequence length and SNP polymorphisms located in the gene's third/fifth introns, providing nominal though not Bonferroni-corrected significance. These data support mice with altered CSMD1 expression as models for common human CSMD1 allelic variation. We tested baseline and/or cocaine-evoked addiction, emotion, motor and memory-related behaviors in +/- and -/- csmd1 knockout mice on mixed and on C57-backcrossed genetic backgrounds. Initial csmd1 knockout mice on mixed genetic backgrounds displayed a variety of coat colors and sizable individual differences in responses during behavioral testing. Backcrossed mice displayed uniform black coat colors. Cocaine conditioned place preference testing revealed significant influences of genotype (p = 0.02). Homozygote knockouts displayed poorer performance on aspects of the Morris water maze task. They displayed increased locomotion in some, though not all, environments. The combined data thus support roles for common level-of-expression CSMD1 variation in a drug reward phenotype relevant to addiction and in cognitive differences that might be relevant to schizophrenia. Mouse model results can complement data from human association findings of modest magnitude that identify likely polygenic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Drgonova
- Molecular Nuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH-IRP, NIDA, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Donna Walther
- Molecular Nuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH-IRP, NIDA, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sulabh Singhal
- Molecular Nuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH-IRP, NIDA, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kennedy Johnson
- Molecular Nuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH-IRP, NIDA, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brice Kessler
- Molecular Nuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH-IRP, NIDA, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Juan Troncoso
- Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, United States of America
| | - George R. Uhl
- Office of Research & Development, New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
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Distinct circuit-dependent functions of presynaptic neurexin-3 at GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:997-1007. [PMID: 26030848 PMCID: PMC4482778 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
α- and β-neurexins are presynaptic cell-adhesion molecules whose general importance for synaptic transmission is well documented. The specific functions of neurexins, however, remain largely unknown because no conditional neurexin knockouts are available and targeting all α- and β-neurexins produced by a particular gene is challenging. Using newly generated constitutive and conditional knockout mice that target all neurexin-3α and neurexin-3β isoforms, we found that neurexin-3 was differentially required for distinct synaptic functions in different brain regions. Specifically, we found that, in cultured neurons and acute slices of the hippocampus, extracellular sequences of presynaptic neurexin-3 mediated trans-synaptic regulation of postsynaptic AMPA receptors. In cultured neurons and acute slices of the olfactory bulb, however, intracellular sequences of presynaptic neurexin-3 were selectively required for GABA release. Thus, our data indicate that neurexin-3 performs distinct essential pre- or postsynaptic functions in different brain regions by distinct mechanisms.
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Zhong X, Drgonova J, Li CY, Uhl GR. Human cell adhesion molecules: annotated functional subtypes and overrepresentation of addiction-associated genes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1349:83-95. [PMID: 25988664 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are essential for proper development, modulation, and maintenance of interactions between cells and cell-to-cell (and matrix-to-cell) communication about these interactions. Despite the differential functional significance of these roles, there have been surprisingly few systematic studies to enumerate the universe of CAMs and identify specific CAMs in distinct functions. In this paper, we update and review the set of human genes likely to encode CAMs with searches of databases, literature reviews, and annotations. We describe likely CAMs and functional subclasses, including CAMs that have a primary function in information exchange (iCAMs), CAMs involved in focal adhesions, CAM gene products that are preferentially involved with stereotyped and morphologically identifiable connections between cells (e.g., adherens junctions, gap junctions), and smaller numbers of CAM genes in other classes. We discuss a novel proposed mechanism involving selective anchoring of the constituents of iCAM-containing lipid rafts in zones of close neuronal apposition to membranes expressing iCAM binding partners. We also discuss data from genetic and genomic studies of addiction in humans and mouse models to highlight the ways in which CAM variation may contribute to a specific brain-based disorder such as addiction. Specific examples include changes in CAM mRNA splicing mediated by differences in the addiction-associated splicing regulator RBFOX1/A2BP1 and CAM expression in dopamine neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhong
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Genomic Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jana Drgonova
- Molecular Neurobiology, NIH-IRP (NIDA), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chuan-Yun Li
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Genomic Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - George R Uhl
- Molecular Neurobiology, NIH-IRP (NIDA), Baltimore, Maryland.,Research Office, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Sung YJ, de Las Fuentes L, Schwander KL, Simino J, Rao DC. Gene-smoking interactions identify several novel blood pressure loci in the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:343-54. [PMID: 25189868 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are among the most significant health problems in the United States. Blood pressure (BP) variability has a genetic component, and most of the genetic variance remains to be identified. One promising strategy for gene discovery is genome-wide analysis of interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and environmental factors related to cardiovascular diseases. METHODS We investigated SNP-smoking interaction effects on BP in genome-wide data in 6,889 participants from the Framingham Heart Study. We performed the standard 1 degree of freedom (df) test of the interaction effect and the joint 2 df test of main and interaction effects. Three smoking measures were used: cigarettes per day (CPD), pack years of smoking, and smoking status. RESULTS We identified 7 significant and 21 suggestive BP loci. Identified through the joint 2 df test, significant SBP loci include: rs12149862 (P = 3.65×10(-9)) in CYB5B, rs2268365 (P = 4.85×10(-8)) in LRP2, rs133980 (P = 1.71×10(-8) with CPD and P = 1.07×10(-8) with pack-years) near MN1, and rs12634933 (P = 4.05×10(-8)) in MECOM. Through 1 df interaction analysis, 1 suggestive SBP locus at SNP rs8010717 near NRXN3 was identified using all 3 smoking measures (P = 3.27×10(-7) with CPD, P = 1.03×10(-7) with pack-years, and P = 1.19×10(-7) with smoking status). CONCLUSIONS Several of these BP loci are biologically plausible, providing physiological connection to BP regulation. Our study demonstrates that SNP-smoking interactions can enhance gene discovery and provide insight into novel pathways and mechanisms regulating BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun J Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Lisa de Las Fuentes
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Karen L Schwander
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeannette Simino
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Manzardo AM, McGuire A, Butler MG. Clinically relevant genetic biomarkers from the brain in alcoholism with representation on high resolution chromosome ideograms. Gene 2015; 560:184-94. [PMID: 25655461 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcoholism arises from combined effects of multiple biological factors including genetic and non-genetic causes with gene/environmental interaction. Intensive research and advanced genetic technology has generated a long list of genes and biomarkers involved in alcoholism neuropathology. These markers reflect complex overlapping and competing effects of possibly hundreds of genes which impact brain structure, function, biochemical alcohol processing, sensitivity and risk for dependence. METHOD We compiled a tabular list of clinically relevant genetic biomarkers for alcoholism targeting expression disturbances in the human brain through an extensive search of keywords related to alcoholism, alcohol abuse, and genetics from peer reviewed medical research articles and related nationally sponsored websites. Gene symbols were then placed on high resolution human chromosome ideograms with gene descriptions in tabular form. RESULTS We identified 337 clinically relevant genetic biomarkers and candidate genes for alcoholism and alcohol-responsiveness from human brain research. Genetic biomarkers included neurotransmitter pathways associated with brain reward processes for dopaminergic (e.g., DRD2, MAOA, and COMT), serotoninergic (e.g., HTR3A, HTR1B, HTR3B, and SLC6A4), GABAergic (e.g., GABRA1, GABRA2, and GABRG1), glutaminergic (GAD1, GRIK3, and GRIN2C) and opioid (e.g., OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1) pathways which presumably impact reinforcing properties of alcohol. Gene level disturbances in cellular and molecular networks impacted by alcohol and alcoholism pathology include transketolase (TKT), transferrin (TF), and myelin (e.g., MBP, MOBP, and MOG). CONCLUSIONS High resolution chromosome ideograms provide investigators, physicians, geneticists and counselors a convenient visual image of the distribution of alcoholism genetic biomarkers from brain research with alphabetical listing of genes in tabular form allowing comparison between alcoholism-related phenotypes, and clinically-relevant alcoholism gene(s) at the chromosome band level to guide research, diagnosis, and treatment. Chromosome ideograms may facilitate gene-based personalized counseling of alcohol dependent individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Manzardo
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Austen McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Merlin G Butler
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Goni L, Milagro FI, Cuervo M, Martínez JA. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and DNA methylation markers associated with central obesity and regulation of body weight. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:673-90. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Goni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Cuervo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Madrid Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Madrid Spain
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Jenkins A, Apud JA, Zhang F, Decot H, Weinberger DR, Law AJ. Identification of candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms in NRXN1 related to antipsychotic treatment response in patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:2170-8. [PMID: 24633560 PMCID: PMC4104334 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurexins are presynaptic neuronal adhesion molecules that interact with postsynaptic neuroligins to form an inter-synaptic complex required for synaptic specification and efficient neurotransmission. Deletions and point mutations in the neurexin 1 (NRXN1) gene are associated with a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, intellectual disability, epilepsy, developmental delay, and schizophrenia. Recently, small nucleotide polymorphisms in NRXN1 have been associated with antipsychotic drug response in patients with schizophrenia. Based on previous suggestive evidence of an impact on clozapine response in patients with schizophrenia, we conducted an association study of NRXN1 polymorphisms (rs12467557 and rs10490162) with antipsychotic treatment response in 54 patients with schizophrenia in a double blind, placebo-controlled NIMH inpatient crossover trial and examined for association with risk for schizophrenia in independent case-control and family-based clinical cohorts. Pharmacogenetic analysis in the placebo controlled trial revealed significant association of rs12467557and rs10490162 with drug response, whereby individuals homozygous for the A allele, at either SNP, showed significant improvement in positive symptoms, general psychopathology, thought disturbance, and negative symptoms, whereas patients carrying the G allele showed no overall response. Although we did not find evidence of the same NRXN1 SNPs being associated with results of the NIMH sponsored CATIE trial, other SNPs showed weakly positive signals. The family and case-control analyses for schizophrenia risk were negative. Our results provide confirmatory evidence of genetically determined differences in drug response in patients with schizophrenia related to NRXN1 variation. Furthermore, these findings potentially implicate NRXN1 in the therapeutic actions of antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Jenkins
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - José A Apud
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fengyu Zhang
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heather Decot
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA,Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience and the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda J Law
- Departments of Psychiatry and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Mailstop 8344, RC1 North, RM. 8101, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, Tel: +1 303 724 4418, Fax: +1 303 724 4425, E-mail:
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31
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Joint identification of genetic variants for physical activity in Korean population. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:12407-21. [PMID: 25026172 PMCID: PMC4139850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been limited research on genome-wide association with physical activity (PA). This study ascertained genetic associations between PA and 344,893 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in 8842 Korean samples. PA data were obtained from a validated questionnaire that included information on PA intensity and duration. Metabolic equivalent of tasks were calculated to estimate the total daily PA level for each individual. In addition to single- and multiple-SNP association tests, a pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify the biological significance of SNP markers. Although no significant SNP was found at genome-wide significance level via single-SNP association tests, 59 genetic variants mapped to 76 genes were identified via a multiple SNP approach using a bootstrap selection stability measure. Pathway analysis for these 59 variants showed that maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) was enriched. Joint identification of SNPs could enable the identification of multiple SNPs with good predictive power for PA and a pathway enriched for PA.
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Identification of novel loci for bipolar I disorder in a multi-stage genome-wide association study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 51:58-64. [PMID: 24444492 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identification of genetic variants that influence bipolar I disorder (BPD-I) through genome-wide association (GWA) studies is limited in Asian populations. The current study aimed to identify novel common variants for BPD-I in an ethnically homogeneous Taiwanese sample using a multi-stage GWA study design. METHOD At the discovery stage, 200 BPD-I patients and 200 controls that combined to form 16 pools were genotyped with 1 million markers. Utilizing a newly developed rank-based method, top-ranked markers were selected. After validation with individual genotyping, a fine-mapping association study was conducted to identify associated loci using 240 patients and 240 controls. At the last stage, independent samples were collected (351 cases and 341 controls) for replication. RESULTS Among the top-ranked markers from the discovery stage, eight genes and 15 individual SNPs were evaluated in the fine-mapping stage. At this stage, rs7619173, which is not in a gene coding region, showed the most significant association (P = 2 ∗ 10(-5)) with BPD-I. Four genes had empirical P-values<0.05, including KCNH7 (P = 0.0047), MYST4 (P = 0.0047), NRXN3 (P = 0.0095), and SEMA3D (P = 0.037). For markers genotyped in replication samples, rs7619173 exhibited a significant association (P(combined) = 2 ∗ 10(-4)) after multiple testing correction, while markers rs11001178 (MYST4) and rs2217887 (NRXN3) showed weak associations (P(combined) = 0.02) with BPD-I. CONCLUSION A multi-stage GWA design has the potential to uncover the underlying pathogenesis of a complex trait. Findings in the present study highlight three loci that warrant further investigation for bipolar.
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Docampo E, Escaramís G, Gratacòs M, Villatoro S, Puig A, Kogevinas M, Collado A, Carbonell J, Rivera J, Vidal J, Alegre J, Estivill X, Rabionet R. Genome-wide analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants in fibromyalgia suggest a role for the central nervous system. Pain 2014; 155:1102-1109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Feng J, Wilkinson M, Liu X, Purushothaman I, Ferguson D, Vialou V, Maze I, Shao N, Kennedy P, Koo J, Dias C, Laitman B, Stockman V, LaPlant Q, Cahill ME, Nestler EJ, Shen L. Chronic cocaine-regulated epigenomic changes in mouse nucleus accumbens. Genome Biol 2014; 15:R65. [PMID: 24758366 PMCID: PMC4073058 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2014-15-4-r65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence supports a role for altered gene expression in mediating the lasting effects of cocaine on the brain, and recent work has demonstrated the involvement of chromatin modifications in these alterations. However, all such studies to date have been restricted by their reliance on microarray technologies that have intrinsic limitations. RESULTS We use next generation sequencing methods, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq for RNA polymerase II and several histone methylation marks, to obtain a more complete view of cocaine-induced changes in gene expression and associated adaptations in numerous modes of chromatin regulation in the mouse nucleus accumbens, a key brain reward region. We demonstrate an unexpectedly large number of pre-mRNA splicing alterations in response to repeated cocaine treatment. In addition, we identify combinations of chromatin changes, or signatures, that correlate with cocaine-dependent regulation of gene expression, including those involving pre-mRNA alternative splicing. Through bioinformatic prediction and biological validation, we identify one particular splicing factor, A2BP1(Rbfox1/Fox-1), which is enriched at genes that display certain chromatin signatures and contributes to drug-induced behavioral abnormalities. Together, this delineation of the cocaine-induced epigenome in the nucleus accumbens reveals several novel modes of regulation by which cocaine alters the brain. CONCLUSIONS We establish combinatorial chromatin and transcriptional profiles in mouse nucleus accumbens after repeated cocaine treatment. These results serve as an important resource for the field and provide a template for the analysis of other systems to reveal new transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of neuronal regulation.
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Li W, Zhang Y, Gu R, Zhang P, Liang F, Gu J, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhang H. DNA pooling base genome-wide association study identifies variants at NRXN3 associated with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79159. [PMID: 24265751 PMCID: PMC3827149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) is more characteristic of anoxic encephalopathy than of other types of anoxia. Those who have the same poisoning degree and are of similar age and gender have a greater risk of getting DEACMP. This has made it clear that there are obvious personal differences. Genetic factors may play a very important role. The authors performed a genome-wide association study involving pooling of DNA obtained from 175 patients and 244 matched acute carbon monoxide poisoning without delayed encephalopathy controls. The Illumina HumanHap 660 Chip array was used for DNA pools. Allele frequencies of all SNPs were compared between delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning and control groups and ranked. A total of 123 SNPs gave an OR >1.4. Of these, 46 mapped in or close to known genes. Forty-eight SNPs located in 19 genes were associated with DEACMP after correction for 5% FDR in the genome-wide association of pooled DNA. Two SNPs (rs11845632 and rs2196447) locate in the Neurexin 3 gene were selected for individual genotyping in all samples and another cohort consisted of 234 and 271 controls. There were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of rs11845632 and rs2196447 between the DEACMP group and controls group (all P-values <0.05). This study describes a positive association between Neurexin 3 and controls in the Han Chinese population, and provides genetic evidence to support the susceptibility of DEACMP, which may be the resulting interaction of environmental and genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- * E-mail: (WL); (RG)
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Tongzhou Hospital for Matenal and Child Health Care, Beijing, China
| | - Renjun Gu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- * E-mail: (WL); (RG)
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Health Team of the 93123 Unit, The Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Dalian, China
| | - Jiapeng Gu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongya Zhang
- Yang Pu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Wolock S, Yates A, Petrill SA, Bohland JW, Blair C, Li N, Machiraju R, Huang K, Bartlett CW. Gene × smoking interactions on human brain gene expression: finding common mechanisms in adolescents and adults. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2013; 54:1109-19. [PMID: 23909413 PMCID: PMC3809890 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have examined gene × environment interactions (G × E) in cognitive and behavioral domains. However, these studies have been limited in that they have not been able to directly assess differential patterns of gene expression in the human brain. Here, we assessed G × E interactions using two publically available datasets to assess if DNA variation is associated with post-mortem brain gene expression changes based on smoking behavior, a biobehavioral construct that is part of a complex system of genetic and environmental influences. METHODS We conducted an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) study on two independent human brain gene expression datasets assessing G × E for selected psychiatric genes and smoking status. We employed linear regression to model the significance of the Gene × Smoking interaction term, followed by meta-analysis across datasets. RESULTS Overall, we observed that the effect of DNA variation on gene expression is moderated by smoking status. Expression of 16 genes was significantly associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms that demonstrated G × E effects. The strongest finding (p = 1.9 × 10⁻¹¹) was neurexin 3-alpha (NRXN3), a synaptic cell-cell adhesion molecule involved in maintenance of neural connections (such as the maintenance of smoking behavior). Other significant G × E associations include four glutamate genes. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the first studies to demonstrate G × E effects within the human brain. In particular, this study implicated NRXN3 in the maintenance of smoking. The effect of smoking on NRXN3 expression and downstream behavior is different based upon SNP genotype, indicating that DNA profiles based on SNPs could be useful in understanding the effects of smoking behaviors. These results suggest that better measurement of psychiatric conditions, and the environment in post-mortem brain studies may yield an important avenue for understanding the biological mechanisms of G × E interactions in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Wolock
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Yates
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Jason W. Bohland
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clancy Blair
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Raghu Machiraju
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
,The CCC Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher W. Bartlett
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Presynaptic neurexin-3 alternative splicing trans-synaptically controls postsynaptic AMPA receptor trafficking. Cell 2013; 154:75-88. [PMID: 23827676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurexins are essential presynaptic cell adhesion molecules that are linked to schizophrenia and autism and are subject to extensive alternative splicing. Here, we used a genetic approach to test the physiological significance of neurexin alternative splicing. We generated knockin mice in which alternatively spliced sequence #4 (SS4) of neuexin-3 is constitutively included but can be selectively excised by cre-recombination. SS4 of neurexin-3 was chosen because it is highly regulated and controls neurexin binding to neuroligins, LRRTMs, and other ligands. Unexpectedly, constitutive inclusion of SS4 in presynaptic neurexin-3 decreased postsynaptic AMPA, but not NMDA receptor levels, and enhanced postsynaptic AMPA receptor endocytosis. Moreover, constitutive inclusion of SS4 in presynaptic neurexin-3 abrogated postsynaptic AMPA receptor recruitment during NMDA receptor-dependent LTP. These phenotypes were fully rescued by constitutive excision of SS4 in neurexin-3. Thus, alternative splicing of presynaptic neurexin-3 controls postsynaptic AMPA receptor trafficking, revealing an unanticipated alternative splicing mechanism for trans-synaptic regulation of synaptic strength and long-term plasticity.
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Hu X, Zhang J, Jin C, Mi W, Wang F, Ma W, Ma C, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang H, Du B, Li K, Liu C, Wang L, Lu T, Zhang H, Lv L, Zhang D, Yue W. Association study of NRXN3 polymorphisms with schizophrenia and risperidone-induced bodyweight gain in Chinese Han population. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 43:197-202. [PMID: 23306218 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent researches have implicated that mutations in the neurexin-3 (NRXN3) gene on chromosome 14q24.3-q31.1 might play a role in addiction, autism, and obesity. In order to explore the association of NRXN3 polymorphisms with schizophrenia, we examined seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NRXN3 spanning 1.33 Mb of this gene, in a Chinese Han sample of 1214 schizophrenic patients and 1517 healthy control subjects. Our results showed that three SNPs were associated with schizophrenia (rs7157669: A>C, p=0.006; rs724373: C>T, p=0.014; rs7154021: C>T, p=0.018). After being corrected for multiple tests, the association of rs7157669 remained significant but those for two others were modest. According to the linkage disequilibrium pattern, the 7 SNPs may construct 3 haplotype blocks. Several haplotypes were significantly associated with schizophrenia, constructed by rs11624704-rs7157669-rs724373 (AAC, p=0.003; ACT, p=0.007, both remained significant after permutation tests), rs7154021-rs7142344 (TT, p=0.024; CT, p=0.012), respectively. Among the patients, 326 ones at first onset have received 6-week monotherapy of risperidone. Further analyses showed that two SNPs were associated with percentage of bodyweight gain following a 6-week therapy of risperidone (rs11624704: p=0.03; rs7154021: p=0.008) and rs7154021 remained significant after permutation test. Our findings suggested that NRXN3 might represent a major susceptibility gene for schizophrenia and have a role in bodyweight gain related to therapy of risperidone in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Hu
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Cheng Z, Zhao H, Ze Y, Su J, Li B, Sheng L, Zhu L, Guan N, Gui S, Sang X, Zhao X, Sun Q, Wang L, Cheng J, Hu R, Hong F. Gene-expression changes in cerium chloride-induced injury of mouse hippocampus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60092. [PMID: 23573234 PMCID: PMC3616000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerium is widely used in many aspects of modern society, including agriculture, industry and medicine. It has been demonstrated to enter the ecological environment, is then transferred to humans through food chains, and causes toxic actions in several organs including the brain of animals. However, the neurotoxic molecular mechanisms are not clearly understood. In this study, mice were exposed to 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg BW cerium chloride (CeCl(3)) for 90 consecutive days, and their learning and memory ability as well as hippocampal gene expression profile were investigated. Our findings suggested that exposure to CeCl(3) led to hippocampal lesions, apoptosis, oxidative stress and impairment of spatial recognition memory. Furthermore, microarray data showed marked alterations in the expression of 154 genes involved in learning and memory, immunity and inflammation, signal transduction, apoptosis and response to stress in the 2 mg/kg CeCl(3) exposed hippocampi. Specifically, the significant up-regulation of Axud1, Cdc37, and Ube2v1 caused severe apoptosis, and great suppression of Adcy8, Fos, and Slc5a7 expression led to impairment of mouse cognitive ability. Therefore, Axud1, Cdc37, Ube2v1, Adcy8, Fos, and Slc5a7 may be potential biomarkers of hippocampal toxicity caused by CeCl3 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haiquan Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yuguan Ze
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junju Su
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ning Guan
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Suxin Gui
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xuezi Sang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Renping Hu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fashui Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
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Panagopoulos VN, Trull TJ, Glowinski AL, Lynskey MT, Heath AC, Agrawal A, Henders AK, Wallace L, Todorov AA, Madden PA, Moore E, Degenhardt L, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Nelson EC. Examining the association of NRXN3 SNPs with borderline personality disorder phenotypes in heroin dependent cases and socio-economically disadvantaged controls. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 128:187-93. [PMID: 23245376 PMCID: PMC3832348 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and substance use disorders frequently co-occur; their dual presence predicts poor prognosis. The genetic underpinnings of BPD have not been well-characterized and could offer insight into comorbidity. The current report focuses on the association of neurexin 3 (NRXN3) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with BPD symptoms in heroin dependent cases and controls. METHODS The sample of the Comorbidity and Trauma Study, a genetic association study of heroin dependence, consists of Australian heroin dependent cases ascertained from opioid replacement therapy clinics and controls ascertained in nearby economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. The assessment included a screening instrument for BPD, used previously in Australian population surveys. Genotypic and BPD phenotypic data were available for 1439 cases and 507 controls. We examined the association of 1430 candidate gene SNPs with BPD phenotypes. RESULTS One or more NRXN3 SNPs were nominally associated with all BPD phenotypes; however, none met the conservative significance threshold we employed to correct for multiple testing. The most strongly associated SNPs included rs10144398 with identity disturbance (p=4.9×10(-5)) and rs10151731 with affective instability (p=8.8×10(-5)). The strongest association with screening positive for BPD was found for the NRXN3 SNP, rs10083466 (p=.0013). Neither the correlation of BPD phenotypes nor the linkage disequilibrium relationships of the SNPs account for the number of observed associations involving NRXN3 SNPs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide intriguing preliminary evidence for the association of NRXN3 with BPD phenotypes. The strongest associations were found for traits (i.e., affective instability; identity disturbance) also observed with other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy J. Trull
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 219 Psychology Building, 200 South 7th Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Anne L. Glowinski
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael T. Lynskey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Anjali K. Henders
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital Post Office, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Leanne Wallace
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital Post Office, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Alexandre A. Todorov
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Pamela A.F. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Elizabeth Moore
- New South Wales Health, Justice Health & Forensic Mental Health Network, Suite 302, Level 2, Westfield Office Tower, 152 Bunnerong Road, Pagewood, NSW 2036, Australia
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia,Centre for Health Policy, Programs and Economics, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital Post Office, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital Post Office, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Elliot C. Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Giza JI, Jung Y, Jeffrey RA, Neugebauer NM, Picciotto MR, Biederer T. The synaptic adhesion molecule SynCAM 1 contributes to cocaine effects on synapse structure and psychostimulant behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:628-38. [PMID: 23169347 PMCID: PMC3572459 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse have acute and persistent effects on synapse structure and addiction-related behaviors. Trans-synaptic interactions can control synapse development, and synaptic cell adhesion molecule (SynCAM) proteins (also named nectin-like molecules) are immunoglobulin adhesion proteins that span the synaptic cleft and induce excitatory synapses. Our studies now reveal that the loss of SynCAM 1 in knockout (KO) mice reduces excitatory synapse number in nucleus accumbens (NAc). SynCAM 1 additionally contributes to the structural remodeling of NAc synapses in response to the psychostimulant cocaine. Specifically, we find that cocaine administration increases the density of stubby spines on medium spiny neurons in NAc, and that maintaining this increase requires SynCAM 1. Furthermore, mushroom-type spines on these neurons are structurally more plastic when SynCAM 1 is absent, and challenging drug-withdrawn mice with cocaine shortens these spines in SynCAM 1 KO mice. These effects are correlated with changes on the behavioral level, where SynCAM 1 contributes to the psychostimulant effects of cocaine as measured after acute and repeated administration, and in drug-withdrawn mice. Together, our results provide evidence that the loss of a synapse-organizing adhesion molecule can modulate cocaine effects on spine structures in NAc and increases vulnerability to the behavioral actions of cocaine. SynCAM-dependent pathways may therefore represent novel points of therapeutic intervention after exposure to drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna I Giza
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yonwoo Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University Medical School, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel A Jeffrey
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nichole M Neugebauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University Medical School, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University Medical School, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas Biederer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Sun HT, Cheng SX, Tu Y, Li XH, Zhang S. FoxQ1 promotes glioma cells proliferation and migration by regulating NRXN3 expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55693. [PMID: 23383267 PMCID: PMC3559546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forkhead box Q1 (FoxQ1) is a member of the forkhead transcription factor family, and it has recently been found to participate in cancer development. However, whether FoxQ1 expression contributes to glioma development and progression is not known. We investigate FoxQ1 expression in gliomas and the role of FoxQ1 during tumorgenesis. METHODS Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to determine the FoxQ1 and Neurexins 3 (NRXN3) expression in gliomas. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assays were used to determine the regulation between FoxQ1 and NRXN3. We established depleted FoxQ1 stable clones in U-87MG cells and overexpressed FoxQ1 stable clones in SW1088 cells. MTT and transwell were used to evaluate the ability of proliferation and migration, respectively. RESULTS FoxQ1 mRNA and protein were up-regulated in gliomas and negatively related to the NRXN3 expression (r = -0.373, P = 0.042). FoxQ1 directly binds to NRXN3 promoter region and suppresses the promoter activity. Furthermore, the ability of proliferation and migration is reduced in depleted FoxQ1 cells. CONCLUSION FoxQ1 promotes glioma cell proliferation and migration by down-regulation of NRXN3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Sun
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Xiang Cheng
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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Docampo E, Ribasés M, Gratacòs M, Bruguera E, Cabezas C, Sánchez-Mora C, Nieva G, Puente D, Argimon-Pallàs JM, Casas M, Rabionet R, Estivill X. Association of neurexin 3 polymorphisms with smoking behavior. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2012; 11:704-11. [PMID: 22716474 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Neurexin 3 gene (NRXN3) has been associated with dependence on various addictive substances, as well as with the degree of smoking in schizophrenic patients and impulsivity among tobacco abusers. To further evaluate the role of NRXN3 in nicotine addiction, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a copy number variant (CNV) within the NRXN3 genomic region. An initial study was carried out on 157 smokers and 595 controls, all of Spanish Caucasian origin. Nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerström index and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The 45 NRXN3 SNPs genotyped included all the SNPs previously associated with disease, and a previously described deletion within NRXN3. This analysis was replicated in 276 additional independent smokers and 568 controls. Case-control association analyses were performed at the allele, genotype and haplotype levels. Allelic and genotypic association tests showed that three NRXN3 SNPs were associated with a lower risk of being a smoker. The haplotype analysis showed that one block of 16 Kb, consisting of two of the significant SNPs (rs221473 and rs221497), was also associated with lower risk of being a smoker in both the discovery and the replication cohorts, reaching a higher level of significance when the whole sample was considered [odds ratio = 0.57 (0.42-0.77), permuted P = 0.0075]. By contrast, the NRXN3 CNV was not associated with smoking behavior. Taken together, our results confirm a role for NRXN3 in susceptibility to smoking behavior, and strongly implicate this gene in genetic vulnerability to addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Docampo
- Genes and Disease Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation and UPF and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Catalonia, Spain
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Synaptic dysfunction and intellectual disability. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 970:433-49. [PMID: 22351067 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0932-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a common and highly heterogeneous paediatric disorder with a very severe social impact. Intellectual disability can be caused by environmental and/or genetic factors. Although in the last two decades a number of genes have been discovered whose mutations cause mental retardation, we are still far from identifying the impact of these mutations on brain functions. Many of the genes mutated in ID code for several proteins with a variety of functions: chromatin remodelling, pre-/post-synaptic activity, and intracellular trafficking. The prevailing hypothesis suggests that the ID phenotype could emerge from abnormal cellular processing leading to pre- and/or post-synaptic dysfunction. In this chapter, we focus on the role of small GTPases and adhesion molecules, and we discuss the mechanisms through which they lead to synaptic network dysfunction.
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Associations among types of impulsivity, substance use problems and neurexin-3 polymorphisms. Drug Alcohol Depend 2011; 119:e31-8. [PMID: 21676558 PMCID: PMC3254149 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some of the genetic vulnerability for addiction may be mediated by impulsivity. This study investigated relationships among impulsivity, substance use problems and six neurexin-3 (NRXN3) polymorphisms. Neurexins (NRXNs) are presynaptic transmembrane proteins that play a role in the development and function of synapses. METHODS Impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11), the Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS) and the TIME paradigm; alcohol problems with the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST); drug problems with the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-20); and regular tobacco use with a single question. Participants (n=439 Caucasians, 64.7% female) donated buccal cells for genotyping. Six NRXN3 polymorphisms were genotyped: rs983795, rs11624704, rs917906, rs1004212, rs10146997 and rs8019381. A dual luciferase assay was conducted to determine whether allelic variation at rs917906 regulated gene expression. RESULTS In general, impulsivity was significantly higher in those who regularly used tobacco and/or had alcohol or drug problems. In men, there were modest associations between rs11624704 and attentional impulsivity (p=0.005) and between rs1004212 and alcohol problems (p=0.009). In women, there were weak associations between rs10146997 and TIME estimation (p=0.03); and between rs1004212 and drug problems (p=0.03). The dual luciferase assay indicated that C and T alleles of rs917906 did not differentially regulate gene expression in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Associations between impulsivity, substance use problems and polymorphisms in NRXN3 may be gender specific. Impulsivity is associated with substance use problems and may provide a useful intermediate phenotype for addiction.
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Li CY, Zhou WZ, Zhang PW, Johnson C, Wei L, Uhl GR. Meta-analysis and genome-wide interpretation of genetic susceptibility to drug addiction. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:508. [PMID: 21999673 PMCID: PMC3215751 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Classical genetic studies provide strong evidence for heritable contributions to susceptibility to developing dependence on addictive substances. Candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have sought genes, chromosomal regions and allelic variants likely to contribute to susceptibility to drug addiction. Results Here, we performed a meta-analysis of addiction candidate gene association studies and GWAS to investigate possible functional mechanisms associated with addiction susceptibility. From meta-data retrieved from 212 publications on candidate gene association studies and 5 GWAS reports, we linked a total of 843 haplotypes to addiction susceptibility. We mapped the SNPs in these haplotypes to functional and regulatory elements in the genome and estimated the magnitude of the contributions of different molecular mechanisms to their effects on addiction susceptibility. In addition to SNPs in coding regions, these data suggest that haplotypes in gene regulatory regions may also contribute to addiction susceptibility. When we compared the lists of genes identified by association studies and those identified by molecular biological studies of drug-regulated genes, we observed significantly higher participation in the same gene interaction networks than expected by chance, despite little overlap between the two gene lists. Conclusions These results appear to offer new insights into the genetic factors underlying drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Yun Li
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Genomic Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Pedrosa E, Sandler V, Shah A, Carroll R, Chang C, Rockowitz S, Guo X, Zheng D, Lachman HM. Development of patient-specific neurons in schizophrenia using induced pluripotent stem cells. J Neurogenet 2011; 25:88-103. [PMID: 21797804 DOI: 10.3109/01677063.2011.597908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has the potential to transform regenerative medicine. It also offers a powerful tool for establishing in vitro models of disease, in particular, for neuropsychiatric disorders where live human neurons are essentially impossible to procure. Using iPSCs derived from three schizophrenia (SZ) patients, one of whom has 22q11.2del (velocardiofacial syndrome; VCFS), the authors developed a culture system to study SZ on a molecular and cellular level. SZ iPSCs were differentiated into functional, primarily glutamatergic neurons that were able to fire action potentials after ∼8 weeks in culture. Early differentiating neurons expressed a number of transcription factors/chromatin remodeling proteins and synaptic proteins relevant to SZ pathogenesis, including ZNF804A, RELN, CNTNAP2, CTNNA2, SMARCA2, and NRXN1. Although a small number of lines were developed in this preliminary study, the SZ line containing 22q11.2del showed a significant delay in the reduction of endogenous OCT4 and NANOG expression that normally occurs during differentiation. Constitutive expression of OCT4 has been observed in Dgcr8-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs); DGCR8 maps to the 22q11.2-deleted region. These findings demonstrate that the method of inducing neural differentiation employed is useful for disease modeling in SZ and that the transition of iPSCs with 22q11.2 deletions towards a differentiated state may be marked by subtle changes in expression of pluripotency-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pedrosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10416, USA
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Bille DS, Banasik K, Justesen JM, Sandholt CH, Sandbæk A, Lauritzen T, Jørgensen T, Witte DR, Holm JC, Hansen T, Pedersen O. Implications of central obesity-related variants in LYPLAL1, NRXN3, MSRA, and TFAP2B on quantitative metabolic traits in adult Danes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20640. [PMID: 21674055 PMCID: PMC3107232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have suggested that four variants: rs2605100 in lysophospholipase-like 1 (LYPLAL1), rs10146997 in neuroxin 3 (NRXN3), rs545854 in methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA), and rs987237 in transcription factor activating enhancer-binding protein 2 beta (TFAP2B) associate with measures of central obesity. To elucidate potential underlying phenotypes we aimed to investigate whether these variants associated with: 1) quantitative metabolic traits, 2) anthropometric measures (waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio, and BMI), or 3) type 2 diabetes, and central and general overweight and obesity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The four variants were genotyped in Danish individuals using KASPar®. Quantitative metabolic traits were examined in a population-based sample (n = 6,038) and WC and BMI were furthermore analyzed in a combined study sample (n = 13,507). Case-control studies of diabetes and adiposity included 15,326 individuals. The major G-allele of LYPLAL1 rs2605100 associated with increased fasting serum triglyceride concentrations (per allele effect (β) = 3%(1;5(95%CI)), p(additive) = 2.7×10(-3)), an association driven by the male gender (p(interaction) = 0.02). The same allele associated with increased fasting serum insulin concentrations (β = 3%(1;5), p(additive) = 2.5×10(-3)) and increased insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β = 4%(1;6), p(additive) = 1.5×10(-3)). The minor G-allele of rs10146997 in NRXN3 associated with increased WC among women (β = 0.55cm (0.20;0.89), p(additive) = 1.7×10(-3), p(interaction) = 1.0×10(-3)), but showed no associations with obesity related metabolic traits. The MSRA rs545854 and TFAP2B rs987237 showed nominal associations with central obesity; however, no underlying metabolic phenotypes became obvious, when investigating quantitative metabolic traits. None of the variants influenced the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate that several of the central obesity-associated variants in LYPLAL1, NRXN3, MSRA, and TFAP2B associate with metabolic and anthropometric traits in Danish adults. However, analyses were made without adjusting for multiple testing, and further studies are needed to confirm the putative role of LYPLAL1, NRXN3, MSRA, and TFAP2B in the pathophysiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorthe S. Bille
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Holbæk University Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Johanne M. Justesen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla H. Sandholt
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Medical and Science, Development Projects, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Annelli Sandbæk
- Department of General Practice, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torsten Lauritzen
- Department of General Practice, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Jens-Christian Holm
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Holbæk University Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Hagedorn Research Institute, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hagedorn Research Institute, Gentofte, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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Glatt SJ, Cohen OS, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. Dysfunctional gene splicing as a potential contributor to neuropsychiatric disorders. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2011; 156B:382-92. [PMID: 21438146 PMCID: PMC3082621 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a major mechanism by which the proteomic diversity of eukaryotic genomes is amplified. Much akin to neuropsychiatric disorders themselves, alternative splicing events can be influenced by genetic, developmental, and environmental factors. Here, we review the evidence that abnormalities of splicing may contribute to the liability toward these disorders. First, we introduce the phenomenon of alternative splicing and describe the processes involved in its regulation. We then review the evidence for specific splicing abnormalities in a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including psychotic disorders (schizophrenia), affective disorders (bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder), suicide, substance abuse disorders (cocaine abuse and alcoholism), and neurodevelopmental disorders (autism). Next, we provide a theoretical reworking of the concept of "gene-focused" epidemiologic and neurobiologic investigations. Lastly, we suggest potentially fruitful lines for future research that should illuminate the nature, extent, causes, and consequences of alternative splicing abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Glatt
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; Medical Genetics Research Center; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY 13210; U.S.A,To whom correspondence should be addressed: SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Weiskotten Hall, Room 3283, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A., , Facsimile: (315) 464-7744, Telephone: (315) 464-7742
| | - Ori S. Cohen
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; Medical Genetics Research Center; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY 13210; U.S.A
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; Medical Genetics Research Center; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY 13210; U.S.A
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Center for Behavioral Genomics; Department of Psychiatry; Institute of Genomic Medicine; University of California, San Diego; 9500 Gilman Drive; La Jolla, CA 92039; U.S.A, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; 3350 La Jolla Village Drive; San Diego, CA 92161; U.S.A, Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics; Harvard Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry; 25 Shattuck Street; Boston, MA 02115; U.S.A
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Wang K, Li WD, Zhang CK, Wang Z, Glessner JT, Grant SFA, Zhao H, Hakonarson H, Price RA. A genome-wide association study on obesity and obesity-related traits. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18939. [PMID: 21552555 PMCID: PMC3084240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many loci associated with body mass index (BMI), but few studies focused on obesity as a binary trait. Here we report the results of a GWAS and candidate SNP genotyping study of obesity, including extremely obese cases and never overweight controls as well as families segregating extreme obesity and thinness. We first performed a GWAS on 520 cases (BMI>35 kg/m(2)) and 540 control subjects (BMI<25 kg/m(2)), on measures of obesity and obesity-related traits. We subsequently followed up obesity-associated signals by genotyping the top ∼500 SNPs from GWAS in the combined sample of cases, controls and family members totaling 2,256 individuals. For the binary trait of obesity, we found 16 genome-wide significant signals within the FTO gene (strongest signal at rs17817449, P = 2.5 × 10(-12)). We next examined obesity-related quantitative traits (such as total body weight, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio), and detected genome-wide significant signals between waist to hip ratio and NRXN3 (rs11624704, P = 2.67 × 10(-9)), previously associated with body weight and fat distribution. Our study demonstrated how a relatively small sample ascertained through extreme phenotypes can detect genuine associations in a GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Clarence K. Zhang
- WM Keck Laboratory, Biostatistics Division, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Zuoheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Joseph T. Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Struan F. A. Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - R. Arlen Price
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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