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Nawaz K, Alifah N, Hussain T, Hameed H, Ali H, Hamayun S, Mir A, Wahab A, Naeem M, Zakria M, Pakki E, Hasan N. From genes to therapy: A comprehensive exploration of congenital heart disease through the lens of genetics and emerging technologies. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102726. [PMID: 38944223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects approximately 1 % of live births worldwide, making it the most common congenital anomaly in newborns. Recent advancements in genetics and genomics have significantly deepened our understanding of the genetics of CHDs. While the majority of CHD etiology remains unclear, evidence consistently indicates that genetics play a significant role in its development. CHD etiology holds promise for enhancing diagnosis and developing novel therapies to improve patient outcomes. In this review, we explore the contributions of both monogenic and polygenic factors of CHDs and highlight the transformative impact of emerging technologies on these fields. We also summarized the state-of-the-art techniques, including targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), whole genome and whole exome sequencing (WGS, WES), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and others, that have revolutionized our understanding of cardiovascular disease genetics both from diagnosis perspective and from disease mechanism perspective in children and young adults. These molecular diagnostic techniques have identified new genes and chromosomal regions involved in syndromic and non-syndromic CHD, enabling a more defined explanation of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. As our knowledge and technologies continue to evolve, they promise to enhance clinical outcomes and reduce the CHD burden worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Nawaz
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nur Alifah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar, 90245, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Talib Hussain
- Women Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Abbottabad, 22080, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Hameed
- Department of Cardiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, 04485, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Haider Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shah Hamayun
- Department of Cardiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, 04485, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Awal Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Zakria
- Advanced Center for Genomic Technologies, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ermina Pakki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar, 90245, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Nurhasni Hasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar, 90245, Republic of Indonesia.
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Ebegboni VJ, Jones TL, Brownmiller T, Zhao PX, Pehrsson EC, Rajan SS, Caplen NJ. ETS1, a Target Gene of the EWSR1::FLI1 Fusion Oncoprotein, Regulates the Expression of the Focal Adhesion Protein TENSIN3. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:625-641. [PMID: 38588446 PMCID: PMC11219265 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic basis for the metastasis of Ewing sarcomas remains poorly understood, as these tumors harbor few mutations beyond the chromosomal translocation that initiates the disease. Instead, the epigenome of Ewing sarcoma cells reflects the regulatory state of genes associated with the DNA-binding activity of the fusion oncoproteins EWSR1::FLI1 or EWSR1::ERG. In this study, we examined the EWSR1::FLI1/ERG's repression of transcription factor genes, concentrating on those that exhibit a broader range of expression in tumors than in Ewing sarcoma cell lines. Focusing on one of these target genes, ETS1, we detected EWSR1::FLI1 binding and an H3K27me3-repressive mark at this locus. Depletion of EWSR1::FLI1 results in ETS1's binding of promoter regions, substantially altering the transcriptome of Ewing sarcoma cells, including the upregulation of the gene encoding TENSIN3 (TNS3), a focal adhesion protein. Ewing sarcoma cell lines expressing ETS1 (CRISPRa) exhibited increased TNS3 expression and enhanced movement compared with control cells. Visualization of control Ewing sarcoma cells showed a distributed vinculin signal and a network-like organization of F-actin; in contrast, ETS1-activated Ewing sarcoma cells showed an accumulation of vinculin and F-actin toward the plasma membrane. Interestingly, the phenotype of ETS1-activated Ewing sarcoma cell lines depleted of TNS3 resembled the phenotype of the control cells. Critically, these findings have clinical relevance as TNS3 expression in Ewing sarcoma tumors positively correlates with that of ETS1. Implications: ETS1's transcriptional regulation of the gene encoding the focal adhesion protein TENSIN3 in Ewing sarcoma cells promotes cell movement, a critical step in the evolution of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon Justice Ebegboni
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tamara L. Jones
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tayvia Brownmiller
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patrick X. Zhao
- Omics Bioinformatics Facility, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Erica C. Pehrsson
- Omics Bioinformatics Facility, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Soumya Sundara Rajan
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natasha J. Caplen
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Chatzi D, Kyriakoudi SA, Dermitzakis I, Manthou ME, Meditskou S, Theotokis P. Clinical and Genetic Correlation in Neurocristopathies: Bridging a Precision Medicine Gap. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2223. [PMID: 38673496 PMCID: PMC11050951 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurocristopathies (NCPs) encompass a spectrum of disorders arising from issues during the formation and migration of neural crest cells (NCCs). NCCs undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and upon key developmental gene deregulation, fetuses and neonates are prone to exhibit diverse manifestations depending on the affected area. These conditions are generally rare and often have a genetic basis, with many following Mendelian inheritance patterns, thus making them perfect candidates for precision medicine. Examples include cranial NCPs, like Goldenhar syndrome and Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome; cardiac-vagal NCPs, such as DiGeorge syndrome; truncal NCPs, like congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome; and enteric NCPs, such as Hirschsprung disease. Additionally, NCCs' migratory and differentiating nature makes their derivatives prone to tumors, with various cancer types categorized based on their NCC origin. Representative examples include schwannomas and pheochromocytomas. This review summarizes current knowledge of diseases arising from defects in NCCs' specification and highlights the potential of precision medicine to remedy a clinical phenotype by targeting the genotype, particularly important given that those affected are primarily infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.C.); (S.A.K.); (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.)
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Ebegboni VJ, Jones TL, Brownmiller T, Zhao PX, Pehrsson EC, Rajan SS, Caplen NJ. ETS1, a target gene of the EWSR1::FLI1 fusion oncoprotein, regulates the expression of the focal adhesion protein TENSIN3. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.572864. [PMID: 38187702 PMCID: PMC10769395 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic basis for the metastasis of Ewing sarcomas remains poorly understood, as these tumors harbor few mutations beyond the chromosomal translocation that initiates the disease. Instead, the epigenome of Ewing sarcoma (EWS) cells reflects the regulatory state of genes associated with the DNA binding activity of the fusion oncoproteins EWSR1::FLI1 or EWSR1::ERG. In this study, we examined the EWSR1::FLI1/ERG's repression of transcription factor genes, concentrating on those that exhibit a broader range of expression in tumors than in EWS cell lines. Focusing on one of these target genes, ETS1, we detected EWSR1::FLI1 binding and an H3K27me3 repressive mark at this locus. Depletion of EWSR1::FLI1 results in ETS1's binding of promoter regions, substantially altering the transcriptome of EWS cells, including the upregulation of the gene encoding TENSIN3 (TNS3), a focal adhesion protein. EWS cell lines expressing ETS1 (CRISPRa) exhibited increased TNS3 expression and enhanced movement compared to control cells. The cytoskeleton of control cells and ETS1-activated EWS cell lines also differed. Specifically, control cells exhibited a distributed vinculin signal and a network-like organization of F-actin. In contrast, ETS1-activated EWS cells showed an accumulation of vinculin and F-actin towards the plasma membrane. Interestingly, the phenotype of ETS1-activated EWS cell lines depleted of TNS3 resembled the phenotype of the control cells. Critically, these findings have clinical relevance as TNS3 expression in EWS tumors positively correlates with that of ETS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon Justice Ebegboni
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tamara L Jones
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tayvia Brownmiller
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patrick X Zhao
- Omics Bioinformatics Facility, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Erica C Pehrsson
- Omics Bioinformatics Facility, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Soumya Sundara Rajan
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natasha J Caplen
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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5
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Jindal GA, Bantle AT, Solvason JJ, Grudzien JL, D'Antonio-Chronowska A, Lim F, Le SH, Song BP, Ragsac MF, Klie A, Larsen RO, Frazer KA, Farley EK. Single-nucleotide variants within heart enhancers increase binding affinity and disrupt heart development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2206-2216.e5. [PMID: 37848026 PMCID: PMC10720985 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional enhancers direct precise gene expression patterns during development and harbor the majority of variants associated with phenotypic diversity, evolutionary adaptations, and disease. Pinpointing which enhancer variants contribute to changes in gene expression and phenotypes is a major challenge. Here, we find that suboptimal or low-affinity binding sites are necessary for precise gene expression during heart development. Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) can optimize the affinity of ETS binding sites, causing gain-of-function (GOF) gene expression, cell migration defects, and phenotypes as severe as extra beating hearts in the marine chordate Ciona robusta. In human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes, a SNV within a human GATA4 enhancer increases ETS binding affinity and causes GOF enhancer activity. The prevalence of suboptimal-affinity sites within enhancers creates a vulnerability whereby affinity-optimizing SNVs can lead to GOF gene expression, changes in cellular identity, and organismal-level phenotypes that could contribute to the evolution of novel traits or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Granton A Jindal
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexis T Bantle
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joe J Solvason
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jessica L Grudzien
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Fabian Lim
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sophia H Le
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Benjamin P Song
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michelle F Ragsac
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adam Klie
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Reid O Larsen
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Emma K Farley
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Ji L, Shi Y, Bian Q. Comparative genomics analyses reveal sequence determinants underlying interspecies variations in injury-responsive enhancers. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:177. [PMID: 37020217 PMCID: PMC10077677 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury induces profound transcriptional remodeling events, which could lead to only wound healing, partial tissue repair, or perfect regeneration in different species. Injury-responsive enhancers (IREs) are cis-regulatory elements activated in response to injury signals, and have been demonstrated to promote tissue regeneration in some organisms such as zebrafish and flies. However, the functional significances of IREs in mammals remain elusive. Moreover, whether the transcriptional responses elicited by IREs upon injury are conserved or specialized in different species, and what sequence features may underlie the functional variations of IREs have not been elucidated. RESULTS We identified a set of IREs that are activated in both regenerative and non-regenerative neonatal mouse hearts upon myocardial ischemia-induced damage by integrative epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses. Motif enrichment analysis showed that AP-1 and ETS transcription factor binding motifs are significantly enriched in both zebrafish and mouse IREs. However, the IRE-associated genes vary considerably between the two species. We further found that the IRE-related sequences in zebrafish and mice diverge greatly, with the loss of IRE inducibility accompanied by a reduction in AP-1 and ETS motif frequencies. The functional turnover of IREs between zebrafish and mice is correlated with changes in transcriptional responses of the IRE-associated genes upon injury. Using mouse cardiomyocytes as a model, we demonstrated that the reduction in AP-1 or ETS motif frequency attenuates the activation of IREs in response to hypoxia-induced damage. CONCLUSIONS By performing comparative genomics analyses on IREs, we demonstrated that inter-species variations in AP-1 and ETS motifs may play an important role in defining the functions of enhancers during injury response. Our findings provide important insights for understanding the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional remodeling in response to injury across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzhang Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Qian Bian
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China.
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Nie S. Use of Frogs as a Model to Study the Etiology of HLHS. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:51. [PMID: 36826547 PMCID: PMC9965361 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A frog is a classical model organism used to uncover processes and regulations of early vertebrate development, including heart development. Recently, we showed that a frog also represents a useful model to study a rare human congenital heart disease, hypoplastic left heart syndrome. In this review, we first summarized the cellular events and molecular regulations of vertebrate heart development, and the benefit of using a frog model to study congenital heart diseases. Next, we described the challenges in elucidating the etiology of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and discussed how a frog model may contribute to our understanding of the molecular and cellular bases of the disease. We concluded that a frog model offers its unique advantage in uncovering the cellular mechanisms of hypoplastic left heart syndrome; however, combining multiple model organisms, including frogs, is needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Nie
- School of Biological Sciences, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Jia Y, Chen J, Zhong J, He X, Zeng L, Wang Y, Li J, Xia S, Ye E, Zhao J, Ke B, Li C. Novel rare mutation in a conserved site of PTPRB causes human hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Clin Genet 2023; 103:79-86. [PMID: 36148623 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare but fatal birth defect in which the left side of the heart is underdeveloped. HLHS accounts for 2% to 4% of congenital heart anomalies. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was conducted for a family trio consisting of a proband and his parents. A homozygous rare variant was detected in the PTPRB (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type B) gene of the proband by functional annotation and co-segregation analysis. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm genotypes of the variant. The in silico prediction tools, including Mutation Taster, SpliceAI, and CADD, were used to predict the impact of the mutation. The allele frequencies across populations were compared based on multiple databases, including "1000 genomes" and "gnomAD". We used two vectors (pcMINI and pcDNA3.1) to generate a minigene construct to validate the mutational effect at the transcriptional level. Family-based WGS analyses showed that only a homozygous splice acceptor variant (NC_000012.12: g.70636068T>G, NM_001109754.4: c.56-2A>C, NG_029940.2: g.6373A>C) at the exon-intron border of PTPRB gene associates with HLHS. This variant is also within the region with the enhancer activity based on UCSC genome annotation. Genotyping and Sanger sequencing revealed that the proband's parents are heterozygous for this variant. Evolutionary conservation analysis revealed that the site (NC_000012.12: g.70636068) is extremely conserved across species, supporting the evolutionary functional constraints of the ancestral wild type (T). In silico tools universally predicted a deleterious or disease-causing impact of the mutation from T to G. The mutation was not found in the 1000 genomes and gnomAD databases, which indicates that this mutation is very rare in most human populations. A splicing assay indicated that the mutated minigene caused aberrant splicing of mRNA, in which a 3 bp missing in the second exon resulted in the deletion of one amino acid (NP_001103224.1:p.Glu19del) compared to the normal protein of PRPTB (also the VE-PTP). Structure prediction revealed that the deletion occurred within the C-region of the signal peptide of VE-PTP, suggesting signal peptide-related defects as a potential mechanism for the HLHS cellular pathogeny. We report a rare homozygous variant with splicing error in PTPRB associated with HLHS. Previous model species studies revealed conserved functions of PTPRB in cardiovascular and heart development in mice and zebrafish. Our study is the first report to show the association between PTPRB and HLHS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangying Jia
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhai Chen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuefei He
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zeng
- The Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanmin Wang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengqian Xia
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Erdengqieqieke Ye
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bin Ke
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Cai R, Tan Y, Wang M, Yu H, Wang J, Ren Z, Dong Z, He Y, Li Z, Lin L, Gu Y. Detection of Novel Pathogenic Variants in Two Families with Recurrent Fetal Congenital Heart Defects. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:173-181. [PMID: 36923242 PMCID: PMC10008912 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s394120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect with strong genetic heterogeneity. To date, about 400 genes have been linked to CHD, including cell signaling molecules, transcription factors, and structural proteins that are important for heart development. Genetic analysis of CHD cases is crucial for clinical management and etiological analysis. Methods Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify the genetic variants in two independent CHD cases with DNA samples from fetuses and their parents, followed by the exclusion of aneuploidy and large copy number variations (CNVs). The WES results were verified by Sanger sequencing. Results In family A, a compound heterozygous variation in PLD1 gene consisting of c.1132dupA (p.I378fs) and c.1171C>T (p.R391C) was identified in the fetus. The two variants were inherited from the father (c.1132dupA) and the mother (c.1171C>T), respectively. In family B, a hemizygous variant ZIC3: c.861delG (p.G289Afs*119) was identified in the fetus, which was inherited from the heterozygous mother. We further confirmed that these variants PLD1: c.1132dupA and ZIC3: c.861delG were novel. Conclusion The findings in our study identified novel variants to the mutation spectrum of CHD and provided reliable evidence for the recurrent risk and reproductive care options to the affected families. Our study also demonstrates that WES has considerable prospects of clinical application in prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqin Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Be Creative Lab (Beijing) Co. Ltd, Beijing, 101111, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People's Republic of China
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10
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Lin L, Pinto A, Wang L, Fukatsu K, Yin Y, Bamforth SD, Bronner ME, Evans SM, Nie S, Anderson RH, Terskikh AV, Grossfeld PD. ETS1 loss in mice impairs cardiac outflow tract septation via a cell migration defect autonomous to the neural crest. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:4217-4227. [PMID: 35899771 PMCID: PMC10148727 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ets1 deletion in some mouse strains causes septal defects and has been implicated in human congenital heart defects in Jacobsen syndrome, in which one copy of the Ets1 gene is missing. Here, we demonstrate that loss of Ets1 in mice results in a decrease in neural crest (NC) cells migrating into the proximal outflow tract cushions during early heart development, with subsequent malalignment of the cushions relative to the muscular ventricular septum, resembling double outlet right ventricle (DORV) defects in humans. Consistent with this, we find that cultured cardiac NC cells from Ets1 mutant mice or derived from iPS cells from Jacobsen patients exhibit decreased migration speed and impaired cell-to-cell interactions. Together, our studies demonstrate a critical role for ETS1 for cell migration in cardiac NC cells that are required for proper formation of the proximal outflow tracts. These data provide further insights into the molecular and cellular basis for development of the outflow tracts, and how perturbation of NC cells can lead to DORV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Antonella Pinto
- Department of Biology, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Institute of Medical Discovery, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kazumi Fukatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Simon D Bamforth
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Department of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shuyi Nie
- Department of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Robert H Anderson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Alexey V Terskikh
- Department of Biology, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Institute of Medical Discovery, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paul D Grossfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
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11
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Zhou P, Zhang Y, Sethi I, Ye L, Trembley MA, Cao Y, Akerberg BN, Xiao F, Zhang X, Li K, Jardin BD, Mazumdar N, Ma Q, He A, Zhou B, Pu WT. GATA4 Regulates Developing Endocardium Through Interaction With ETS1. Circ Res 2022; 131:e152-e168. [PMID: 36263775 PMCID: PMC9669226 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pioneer transcription factor (TF) GATA4 (GATA Binding Protein 4) is expressed in multiple cardiovascular lineages and is essential for heart development. GATA4 lineage-specific occupancy in the developing heart underlies its lineage specific activities. Here, we characterized GATA4 chromatin occupancy in cardiomyocyte and endocardial lineages, dissected mechanisms that control lineage specific occupancy, and analyzed GATA4 regulation of endocardial gene expression. METHODS We mapped GATA4 chromatin occupancy in cardiomyocyte and endocardial cells of embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) mouse heart using lineage specific, Cre-activated biotinylation of GATA4. Regulation of GATA4 pioneering activity was studied in cell lines stably overexpressing GATA4. GATA4 regulation of endocardial gene expression was analyzed using single cell RNA sequencing and luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS Cardiomyocyte-selective and endothelial-selective GATA4 occupied genomic regions had features of lineage specific enhancers. Footprints within cardiomyocyte- and endothelial-selective GATA4 regions were enriched for NKX2-5 (NK2 homeobox 5) and ETS1 (ETS Proto-Oncogene 1) motifs, respectively, and both of these TFs interacted with GATA4 in co-immunoprecipitation assays. In stable NIH3T3 cell lines expressing GATA4 with or without NKX2-5 or ETS1, the partner TFs re-directed GATA4 pioneer binding and augmented its ability to open previously inaccessible regions, with ETS1 displaying greater potency as a pioneer partner than NKX2-5. Single-cell RNA sequencing of embryonic hearts with endothelial cell-specific Gata4 inactivation identified Gata4-regulated endocardial genes, which were adjacent to GATA4-bound, endothelial regions enriched for both GATA4 and ETS1 motifs. In reporter assays, GATA4 and ETS1 cooperatively stimulated endothelial cell enhancer activity. CONCLUSIONS Lineage selective non-pioneer TFs NKX2-5 and ETS1 guide the activity of pioneer TF GATA4 to bind and open chromatin and create active enhancers and mechanistically link ETS1 interaction to GATA4 regulation of endocardial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingzhu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Isha Sethi
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Lincai Ye
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael A. Trembley
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yangpo Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Brynn N. Akerberg
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Blake D. Jardin
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Neil Mazumdar
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Aibin He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - William T. Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138
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12
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Birla AK, Brimmer S, Short WD, Olutoye OO, Shar JA, Lalwani S, Sucosky P, Parthiban A, Keswani SG, Caldarone CA, Birla RK. Current state of the art in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:878266. [PMID: 36386362 PMCID: PMC9651920 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.878266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a complex congenital heart condition in which a neonate is born with an underdeveloped left ventricle and associated structures. Without palliative interventions, HLHS is fatal. Treatment typically includes medical management at the time of birth to maintain patency of the ductus arteriosus, followed by three palliative procedures: most commonly the Norwood procedure, bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt, and Fontan procedures. With recent advances in surgical management of HLHS patients, high survival rates are now obtained at tertiary treatment centers, though adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes remain a clinical challenge. While surgical management remains the standard of care for HLHS patients, innovative treatment strategies continue to be developing. Important for the development of new strategies for HLHS patients is an understanding of the genetic basis of this condition. Another investigational strategy being developed for HLHS patients is the injection of stem cells within the myocardium of the right ventricle. Recent innovations in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine promise to provide important tools to both understand the underlying basis of HLHS as well as provide new therapeutic strategies. In this review article, we provide an overview of HLHS, starting with a historical description and progressing through a discussion of the genetics, surgical management, post-surgical outcomes, stem cell therapy, hemodynamics and tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K. Birla
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sunita Brimmer
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Walker D. Short
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Oluyinka O. Olutoye
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason A. Shar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, United States
| | - Suriya Lalwani
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Philippe Sucosky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, United States
| | - Anitha Parthiban
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sundeep G. Keswani
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christopher A. Caldarone
- Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ravi K. Birla
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Deletion of 11q24.2-qter in a male child with cleft lip and palate: an atypical feature of Jacobsen syndrome. J Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-022-01380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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14
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Wang L, Lin L, Qi H, Chen J, Grossfeld P. Endothelial Loss of ETS1 Impairs Coronary Vascular Development and Leads to Ventricular Non-Compaction. Circ Res 2022; 131:371-387. [PMID: 35894043 PMCID: PMC9624262 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Jacobsen syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder caused by deletions in the long arm of human chromosome 11, resulting in multiple developmental defects including congenital heart defects. Combined studies in humans and genetically engineered mice implicate that loss of ETS1 (E26 transformation specific 1) is the cause of congenital heart defects in Jacobsen syndrome, but the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of ETS1 in heart development, specifically its roles in coronary endothelium and endocardium and the mechanisms by which loss of ETS1 causes coronary vascular defects and ventricular noncompaction. METHODS AND RESULTS ETS1 global and endothelial-specific knockout mice were used. Phenotypic assessments, RNA sequencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis were performed together with expression analysis, immunofluorescence and RNAscope in situ hybridization to uncover phenotypic and transcriptomic changes in response to loss of ETS1. Loss of ETS1 in endothelial cells causes ventricular noncompaction, reproducing the phenotype arising from global deletion of ETS1. Endothelial-specific deletion of ETS1 decreased the levels of Alk1 (activin receptor-like kinase 1), Cldn5 (claudin 5), Sox18 (SRY-box transcription factor 18), Robo4 (roundabout guidance receptor 4), Esm1 (endothelial cell specific molecule 1) and Kdr (kinase insert domain receptor), 6 important angiogenesis-relevant genes in endothelial cells, causing a coronary vasculature developmental defect in association with decreased compact zone cardiomyocyte proliferation. Downregulation of ALK1 expression in endocardium due to the loss of ETS1, along with the upregulation of TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 and TGF-β3, occurred with increased TGFBR2/TGFBR1/SMAD2 signaling and increased extracellular matrix expression in the trabecular layer, in association with increased trabecular cardiomyocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the importance of endothelial and endocardial ETS1 in cardiac development. Delineation of the gene regulatory network involving ETS1 in heart development will enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying ventricular and coronary vascular developmental defects and will lead to improved approaches for the treatment of patients with congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lizhu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hui Qi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paul Grossfeld
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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15
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He GW, Maslen CL, Chen HX, Hou HT, Bai XY, Wang XL, Liu XC, Lu WL, Chen XX, Chen WD, Xing QS, Wu Q, Wang J, Yang Q. Identification of Novel Rare Copy Number Variants Associated with Sporadic Tetralogy of Fallot and Clinical Implications. Clin Genet 2022; 102:391-403. [PMID: 35882632 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. Highly penetrant copy number variants (CNVs) and genes related to the etiology of TOF likely exist with differences among populations. We aimed to identify CNV contributions to sporadic TOF cases in Han Chinese. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood in 605 subjects (303 sporadic TOF and 302 unaffected Han Chinese [Control] from cardiac centers in China and analyzed by genome-wide association study (GWAS). The GWAS results were compared to existing Database of Genetic Variants. These CNVs were further validated by qPCR. Bioinformatics analyses were performed with Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network and KEGG pathway enrichment. Across all chromosomes 119 novel "TOF-specific CNVs" were identified with prevalence of CNVs of 21.5% in chromosomes 1-20 and 37.0% including Chr21/22. In chromosomes 1-20, CNVs on 11q25 (encompasses genes ACAD8, B3GAT1, GLB1L2, GLB1L3, IGSF9B, JAM3, LOC100128239, LOC283177, MIR4697, MIR4697HG, NCAPD3, OPCML, SPATA19, THYN1, and VPS26B) and 14q32.33 (encompasses genes THYN1, OPCML, and NCAPD3) encompass genes most likely to be associated with TOF. Specific CNVs found on the chromosome 21 (6.3%) and 22(11.9%) were also identified in details. PPI network analysis identified the genes covering the specific CNVs related to TOF and the signaling pathways. This study for first time identified novel TOF-specific CNVs in the Han Chinese with higher frequency than in Caucasians and with 11q25 and 14q32.33 not reported in TOF of Caucasians. These novel CNVs identify new candidate genes for TOF and provide new insights into genetic basis of TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wei He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Cheryl L Maslen
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Tao Hou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Bai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Wan-Li Lu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Xin Chen
- Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dan Chen
- Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Xing
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
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16
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Grossfeld P. ETS1 and HLHS: Implications for the Role of the Endocardium. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9070219. [PMID: 35877581 PMCID: PMC9319889 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9070219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified the ETS1 gene as the cause of congenital heart defects, including an unprecedented high frequency of HLHS, in the chromosomal disorder Jacobsen syndrome. Studies in Ciona intestinalis demonstrated a critical role for ETS1 in heart cell fate determination and cell migration, suggesting that the impairment of one or both processes can underlie the pathogenesis of HLHS. Our studies determined that ETS1 is expressed in the cardiac neural crest and endocardium in the developing murine heart, implicating one or both lineages in the development of HLHS. Studies in Drosophila and Xenopus demonstrated a critical role for ETS1 in regulating cardiac cell fate determination, and results in Xenopus provided further evidence for the role of the endocardium in the evolution of the “hypoplastic” HLHS LV. Paradoxically, these studies suggest that the loss of ETS1 may cause a cell fate switch resulting in the loss of endocardial cells and a relative abundance of cardiac myocytes. These studies implicate an “HLHS transcriptional network” of genes conserved across species that are essential for early heart development. Finally, the evidence suggests that in a subset of HLHS patients, the HLHS LV cardiac myocytes are, intrinsically, developmentally and functionally normal, which has important implications for potential future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Grossfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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17
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Zeng ZH, Chen HX, Liu XC, Yang Q, He GW. Functional significance of novel variants of the MEF2C gene promoter in congenital ventricular septal defects. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2397-2405. [PMID: 35719119 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart disease. Although the coding region of MEF2C is highly relevant to cardiac malformations, the role of MEF2C gene promoter variants in VSD patients has not been genetically investigated. We investigated the role of MEF2C gene promoter variants in 400 Han Chinese subjects (200 patients with isolated and sporadic VSD and 200 healthy controls). The promoter region of the MEF2C gene was sequenced that identified 10 variants. Expression vectors encompassing the variants and the firefly luciferase reporter gene plasmid (pGL3-basic) were constructed and subsequently transfected into HEK-293 cells. The luciferase activities were measured by Dual-luciferase reporter assay system. MEF2C gene promoter transcriptional activity was significantly reduced in 4 of the 10 variants in HEK-293 cells (P < 0.05). In addition, the JASPAR database was used to perform bioinformatics analysis, which showed that these variants disrupt the putative binding sites of transcription factors and affected the expression of MEF2C protein. This study for the first time identified the variants in the promoter of the MEF2C gene in Han Chinese population and revealed the role of these variants in the formation of VSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Zeng
- The Institute of Cardiovascualr Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascualr Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- The Institute of Cardiovascualr Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- The Institute of Cardiovascualr Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- The Institute of Cardiovascualr Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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18
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Yalcintepe S, Zhuri D, Sezginer Guler H, Atli E, Demir S, Atli EI, Mail C, Gurkan H. First Report of Jacobsen Syndrome with Dextrocardia Diagnosed with del(11)(q24q25). Mol Syndromol 2022; 13:235-239. [DOI: 10.1159/000519149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Jacobsen syndrome is a rare congenital disorder that is caused by the deletion of several genes in chromosome 11. A 10-year-old female with congenital heart disease, dextrocardia, and coarse facial appearance was examined in our medical genetics clinic. Chromosome analysis and array-CGH showed a copy number loss of 9 Mb in the 11q24.2q25 region. Herein, we report her clinical findings. This is the first case of Jacobsen syndrome with dextrocardia.
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19
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Wu Y, Zhou Y, Huang J, Ma K, Yuan T, Jiang Y, Ye M, Li J. The Role of Sorting Nexin 17 in Cardiac Development. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:748891. [PMID: 34988124 PMCID: PMC8720881 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.748891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting nexin 17 (SNX17), a member of sorting nexin (SNX) family, acts as a modulator for endocytic recycling of membrane proteins. Results from our previous study demonstrated the embryonic lethality of homozygous defect of SNX17. In this study, we investigated the role of SNX17 in rat fetal development. Specifically, we analyzed patterns of SNX17 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in multiple rat tissues and found high expression in the cardiac outflow tract (OFT). This expression was gradually elevated during the cardiac OFT morphogenesis. Homozygous deletion of the SNX17 gene in rats resulted in mid-gestational embryonic lethality, which was accompanied by congenital heart defects, including the double-outlet right ventricle and atrioventricular and ventricular septal defects, whereas heterozygotes exhibited normal fetal development. Moreover, we found normal migration distance and the number of cardiac neural crest cells during the OFT morphogenesis. Although cellular proliferation in the cardiac OFT endocardial cushion was not affected, cellular apoptosis was significantly suppressed. Transcriptomic profiles and quantitative real-time PCR data in the cardiac OFT showed that SNX17 deletion resulted in abnormal expression of genes associated with cardiac development. Overall, these findings suggest that SNX17 plays a crucial role in cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianyou Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maoqing Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Atli EI, Atli E, Yalcintepe S, Demir S, Kalkan R, Akurut C, Ozen Y, Gurkan H. Investigation of Genetic Alterations in Congenital Heart Diseases in Prenatal Period. Glob Med Genet 2021; 9:29-33. [PMID: 35169781 PMCID: PMC8837410 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) is important because of mortality risk. The onset of CHD varies, and depending on the malformation type, the risk of aneuploidy is changed. To identify possible genetic alterations in CHD, G-banding, chromosomal microarray or if needed DNA mutation analysis and direct sequence analysis should be planned. In present study, to identify genetic alterations, cell culture, karyotype analysis, and single nucleotide polymorphism, array analyses were conducted on a total 950 samples. Interventional prenatal genetic examination was performed on 23 (2, 4%, 23/950) fetal CHD cases. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 5 out of 23 cases (21, 7%). Detected chromosomal abnormalities were 10q23.2 deletion, trisomy 18, 8p22.3-p23.2 deletion, 8q21.3-q24.3 duplication, 11q24.2q24.5 (9 Mb) deletion, and 8p22p12 (16.8 Mb) deletion. Our study highlights the importance of genetic testing in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Ikbal Atli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Engin Atli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Sinem Yalcintepe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Selma Demir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Rasime Kalkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Cisem Akurut
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ozen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gurkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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21
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Abstract
Neural crest stem/progenitor cells arise early during vertebrate embryogenesis at the border of the forming central nervous system. They subsequently migrate throughout the body, eventually differentiating into diverse cell types ranging from neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system to bones of the face, portions of the heart, and pigmentation of the skin. Along the body axis, the neural crest is heterogeneous, with different subpopulations arising in the head, neck, trunk, and tail regions, each characterized by distinct migratory patterns and developmental potential. Modern genomic approaches like single-cell RNA- and ATAC-sequencing (seq) have greatly enhanced our understanding of cell lineage trajectories and gene regulatory circuitry underlying the developmental progression of neural crest cells. Here, we discuss how genomic approaches have provided new insights into old questions in neural crest biology by elucidating transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms that govern neural crest formation and the establishment of axial level identity. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genetics, Volume 55 is November 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Gandhi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA; ,
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA; ,
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22
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Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS): molecular pathogenesis and emerging drug targets for cardiac repair and regeneration. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:621-632. [PMID: 34488532 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1978069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe developmental defect characterized by the underdevelopment of the left ventricle along with aortic and valvular defects. Multiple palliative surgeries are required for survival. Emerging studies have identified potential mechanisms for the disease onset, including genetic and hemodynamic causes. Genetic variants associated with HLHS include transcription factors, chromatin remodelers, structural proteins, and signaling proteins necessary for normal heart development. Nonetheless, current therapies are being tested clinically and have shown promising results at improving cardiac function in patients who have undergone palliative surgeries. AREAS COVERED We searched PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov to review most of the mechanistic research and clinical trials involving HLHS. This review discusses the anatomy and pathology of HLHS hearts. We highlight some of the identified genetic variants that underly the molecular pathogenesis of HLHS. Additionally, we discuss some of the emerging therapies and their limitations for HLHS. EXPERT OPINION While HLHS etiology is largely obscure, palliative therapies remain the most viable option for the patients. It is necessary to generate animal and stem cell models to understand the underlying genetic causes directly leading to HLHS and facilitate the use of gene-based therapies to improve cardiac development and regeneration.
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Yasuhara J, Garg V. Genetics of congenital heart disease: a narrative review of recent advances and clinical implications. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:2366-2386. [PMID: 34733677 PMCID: PMC8506053 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common human birth defect and remains a leading cause of mortality in childhood. Although advances in clinical management have improved the survival of children with CHD, adult survivors commonly experience cardiac and non-cardiac comorbidities, which affect quality of life and prognosis. Therefore, the elucidation of genetic etiologies of CHD not only has important clinical implications for genetic counseling of patients and families but may also impact clinical outcomes by identifying at-risk patients. Recent advancements in genetic technologies, including massively parallel sequencing, have allowed for the discovery of new genetic etiologies for CHD. Although variant prioritization and interpretation of pathogenicity remain challenges in the field of CHD genomics, advances in single-cell genomics and functional genomics using cellular and animal models of CHD have the potential to provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of CHD and its associated morbidities. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the established genetic contributors to CHD and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the genetic architecture of CHD along with current challenges with the interpretation of genetic variation. Furthermore, we highlight the clinical implications of genetic findings to predict and potentially improve clinical outcomes in patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yasuhara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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24
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Immune Deficiency in Jacobsen Syndrome: Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081197. [PMID: 34440371 PMCID: PMC8394748 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Jacobsen syndrome or JBS (OMIM #147791) is a contiguous gene syndrome caused by a deletion affecting the terminal q region of chromosome 11. The phenotype of patients with JBS is a specific syndromic phenotype predominately associated with hematological alterations. Complete and partial JBS are differentiated depending on which functional and causal genes are haploinsufficient in the patient. We describe the case of a 6-year-old Bulgarian boy in which it was possible to identify all of the major signs and symptoms listed by the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) catalog using the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO). Extensive blood and marrow tests revealed the existence of thrombocytopenia and leucopenia, specifically due to low levels of T and B cells and low levels of IgM. Genetic analysis using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)/copy number variations (CNVs) microarray hybridization confirmed that the patient had the deletion arr[hg19]11q24.3q25(128,137,532–134,938,470)x1 in heterozygosis. This alteration was considered causal of partial JBS because the essential BSX and NRGN genes were not included, though 30 of the 96 HPO identifiers associated with this OMIM were identified in the patient. The deletion of the FLI-1, ETS1, JAM3 and THYN1 genes was considered to be directly associated with the immunodeficiency exhibited by the patient. Although immunodeficiency is widely accepted as a major sign of JBS, only constipation, bone marrow hypocellularity and recurrent respiratory infections have been included in the HPO as terms used to refer to the immunological defects in JBS. Exhaustive functional analysis and individual monitoring are required and should be mandatory for these patients.
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25
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Strzelecka I, Biedrzycka M, Karuga FF, Szmyd B, Batarowicz K, Respondek-Liberska M. Seasonality of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Single Ventricle Heart in Poland in the Context of Air Pollution. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3207. [PMID: 34361990 PMCID: PMC8347882 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and single ventricle (SV) remain a significant cause of cardiac deaths occurring in the first week of life. Their pathogenesis and seasonal frequency are still unknown. Therefore, we attempt to look at the genesis of the HLHS and SV in the context of territorial distribution as well as seasonality. A total of 193 fetuses diagnosed with HLHS and 92 with SV were selected. The frequency was analyzed depending on the year, calendar month, quarter and season (fall-winter vs. spring-summer). The spatial distribution of HLHS and SV in Poland was analyzed. We observed a statistically significant overrepresentation of HLHS formation frequency in March: 27 (14.00%) in comparison to a monthly median of 15 (IQR: 13.75-16.25; p = 0.039), as well as a significantly higher frequency of HLHS in 2007-2009: 65 cases (33.68%) in comparison to the annual mean of 13.79 ± 6.36 (p < 0.001). We noted a higher frequency of SV among parous with the last menstrual period reported in the fall/winter season of 58 vs. 34 in the spring/summer season (p = 0.014). The performed analysis also revealed significant SV overrepresentation in 2008: 11 cases (12.00%) in comparison to the annual mean of 6.57 ± 2.71 (p = 0.016). Every single case of HLHS was observed when the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene and/or PM10 exceeded the acceptable/target level. Our research indicates that both the season and the level of pollution are significant factors affecting the health of parous women and their offspring. The reason why HLHS and SV develop more frequently at certain times of the year remains unclear, therefore research on this topic should be continued, as well as on the effects of PM10 and benzo(a)pyrene exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Strzelecka
- Department for Diagnoses and Prevention, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Łódź, Poland; (I.S.); (K.B.); (M.R.-L.)
| | - Małgorzata Biedrzycka
- Student’s Scientific Association Prenatal Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Filip Franciszek Karuga
- Student’s Scientific Association Prenatal Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Szmyd
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Batarowicz
- Department for Diagnoses and Prevention, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Łódź, Poland; (I.S.); (K.B.); (M.R.-L.)
| | - Maria Respondek-Liberska
- Department for Diagnoses and Prevention, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Łódź, Poland; (I.S.); (K.B.); (M.R.-L.)
- Department of Prenatal Cardiology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital, 93-338 Łódź, Poland
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26
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Serra G, Memo L, Antona V, Corsello G, Favero V, Lago P, Giuffrè M. Jacobsen syndrome and neonatal bleeding: report on two unrelated patients. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:147. [PMID: 34210338 PMCID: PMC8252210 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In 1973, Petrea Jacobsen described the first patient showing dysmorphic features, developmental delay and congenital heart disease (atrial and ventricular septal defect) associated to a 11q deletion, inherited from the father. Since then, more than 200 patients have been reported, and the chromosomal critical region responsible for this contiguous gene disorder has been identified. Patients’ presentation We report on two unrelated newborns observed in Italy affected by Jacobsen syndrome (JBS, also known as 11q23 deletion). Both patients presented prenatal and postnatal bleeding, growth and developmental delay, craniofacial dysmorphisms, multiple congenital anomalies, and pancytopenia of variable degree. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) identified a terminal deletion at 11q24.1-q25 of 12.5 Mb and 11 Mb, in Patient 1 and 2, respectively. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the parents documented a de novo origin of the deletion for Patient 1; parents of Patient 2 refused further genetic investigations. Conclusions Present newborns show the full phenotype of JBS including thrombocytopenia, according to their wide 11q deletion size. Bleeding was particularly severe in one of them, leading to a cerebral hemorrhage. Our report highlights the relevance of early diagnosis, genetic counselling and careful management and follow-up of JBS patients, which may avoid severe clinical consequences and lower the mortality risk. It may provide further insights and a better characterization of JBS, suggesting new elements of the genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Serra
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Luigi Memo
- Clinical Genetics Outpatient Service, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Antona
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Favero
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Paola Lago
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Mario Giuffrè
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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27
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Wu Y, Jin X, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Yang R. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in the development of congenital heart diseases. WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2021; 4:e000196. [DOI: 10.1136/wjps-2020-000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common of congenital cardiovascular malformations associated with birth defects, and it results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The classification of CHD is still elusive owing to the complex pathogenesis of CHD. Advances in molecular medicine have revealed the genetic basis of some heart anomalies. Genes associated with CHD might be modulated by various epigenetic factors. Thus, the genetic and epigenetic factors are gradually accepted as important triggers in the pathogenesis of CHD. However, few literatures have comprehensively elaborated the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of CHD. This review focuses on the etiology of CHD from genetics and epigenetics to discuss the role of these factors in the development of CHD. The interactions between genetic and epigenetic in the pathogenesis of CHD are also elaborated. Chromosome abnormalities and gene mutations in genetics, and DNA methylations, histone modifications and on-coding RNAs in epigenetics are summarized in detail. We hope the summative knowledge of these etiologies may be useful for improved diagnosis and further elucidation of CHD so that morbidity and mortality of children with CHD can be reduced in the near future.
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28
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Gandhi S, Ezin M, Bronner ME. Reprogramming Axial Level Identity to Rescue Neural-Crest-Related Congenital Heart Defects. Dev Cell 2020; 53:300-315.e4. [PMID: 32369742 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac neural crest arises in the hindbrain, then migrates to the heart and contributes to critical structures, including the outflow tract septum. Chick cardiac crest ablation results in failure of this septation, phenocopying the human heart defect persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), which trunk neural crest fails to rescue. Here, we probe the molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiac crest's unique potential. Transcriptional profiling identified cardiac-crest-specific transcription factors, with single-cell RNA sequencing revealing surprising heterogeneity, including an ectomesenchymal subpopulation within the early migrating population. Loss-of-function analyses uncovered a transcriptional subcircuit, comprised of Tgif1, Ets1, and Sox8, critical for cardiac neural crest and heart development. Importantly, ectopic expression of this subcircuit was sufficient to imbue trunk crest with the ability to rescue PTA after cardiac crest ablation. Together, our results reveal a transcriptional program sufficient to confer cardiac potential onto trunk neural crest cells, thus implicating new genes in cardiovascular birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Gandhi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Max Ezin
- Department of Biology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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29
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Miao Y, Tian L, Martin M, Paige SL, Galdos FX, Li J, Klein A, Zhang H, Ma N, Wei Y, Stewart M, Lee S, Moonen JR, Zhang B, Grossfeld P, Mital S, Chitayat D, Wu JC, Rabinovitch M, Nelson TJ, Nie S, Wu SM, Gu M. Intrinsic Endocardial Defects Contribute to Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:574-589.e8. [PMID: 32810435 PMCID: PMC7541479 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a complex congenital heart disease characterized by abnormalities in the left ventricle, associated valves, and ascending aorta. Studies have shown intrinsic myocardial defects but do not sufficiently explain developmental defects in the endocardial-derived cardiac valve, septum, and vasculature. Here, we identify a developmentally impaired endocardial population in HLHS through single-cell RNA profiling of hiPSC-derived endocardium and human fetal heart tissue with an underdeveloped left ventricle. Intrinsic endocardial defects contribute to abnormal endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, NOTCH signaling, and extracellular matrix organization, key factors in valve formation. Endocardial abnormalities cause reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation and maturation by disrupting fibronectin-integrin signaling, consistent with recently described de novo HLHS mutations associated with abnormal endocardial gene and fibronectin regulation. Together, these results reveal a critical role for endocardium in HLHS etiology and provide a rationale for considering endocardial function in regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Miao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marcy Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sharon L Paige
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Francisco X Galdos
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jibiao Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Alyssa Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuning Wei
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maria Stewart
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Soah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jan-Renier Moonen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Paul Grossfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Seema Mital
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - David Chitayat
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shuyi Nie
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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30
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Zhu Y, Ye M, Xu H, Gu R, Ma X, Chen M, Li X, Sheng W, Huang G. Methylation status of CpG sites in the NOTCH4 promoter region regulates NOTCH4 expression in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4412-4422. [PMID: 33000281 PMCID: PMC7533461 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD). Although a lower methylation level of whole genome has been demonstrated in TOF patients, little is known regarding the DNA methylation changes in specific gene and its associations with TOF development. NOTCH4 is a mediator of the Notch signalling pathway that plays an important role in normal cardiac development. However, the role of epigenetic regulation of the NOTCH4 gene in the pathogenesis of TOF remains unclear. Considering the NOTCH4 low mutation frequency and reduced expression in the TOF patients, we hypothesized that abnormal DNA methylation change of NOTCH4 gene may influence its expression and responsible for TOF development. In this study, we measured the promoter methylation status of NOTCH4 and was measured and its regulation mechanism was explored, which may be related to TOF disease. Additionally, the promoter methylation statuses of NOTCH4 was measured in order to further understand epigenetic mechanisms that may serve a role in the development of TOF. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to examine NOTCH4 expression in right ventricular outflow tract myocardial tissues in patients with TOF. Compared with healthy controls, patients with TOF displayed significantly reduced in NOTCH4 expression (P=0.0055). Moreover, bisulphite sequencing suggested that the methylation levels of CpG site 2 in the NOTCH4 promoter was significantly higher in the patients than in the controls (P=0.0459). NOTCH4 expression was negatively associated with CpG site 2 methylation levels (r=−0.51; P=0.01). ETS1 transcription factor can serve as transcriptional activators by binding to specific DNA sequences of target genes, such as DLL4 and NOTCH4, which serves an important role in normal heart development. Dual-luciferase reporter and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that the ETS1 transcription factor could bind to the NOTCH4 promoter region. However, binding of ETS1 to the NOTCH4 promoter was abrogated by methylation at the putative ETS1 binding sites. These findings suggested that decreased NOTCH4 expression in patients with TOF may be associated with hypermethylation of CpG site 2 in the NOTCH4 promoter region, due to impaired binding of ETS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhu
- Institute of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Ming Ye
- Cardiovascular Centre, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ruoyi Gu
- Cardiovascular Centre, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Cardiovascular Centre, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Mingwu Chen
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- Institute of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Institute of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Institute of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
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Lalani SR. Other genomic disorders and congenital heart disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:107-115. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seema R. Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
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32
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Shabana NA, Shahid SU, Irfan U. Genetic Contribution to Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). Pediatr Cardiol 2020; 41:12-23. [PMID: 31872283 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-019-02271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common congenital problems in neonates. The basis for CHD is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental components. The elucidation of genetic components remains difficult because it is a genetically heterogeneous disease. Currently, the major identified genetic causes include chromosomal abnormalities, large subchromosomal deletions/duplications, and point mutations. However, much more remains to be unraveled. An important insight from the research on the genetics of CHD is that any change at the genetic level that alters the dosage of genes required in any process during heart development results in a developmental defect. The use of conventional gene identification (linkage analysis and direct targeted sequencing) methods followed by the rapid advancements in high-throughput technologies (copy number variant platforms, SNP arrays, and next-generation sequencing) has identified an extensive list of genetic causes. However, the most common presentation of CHD is in the form of sporadic cases. Therefore, it is important to identify their underlying genetic cause. In this review, we revisit the causal genetic factors of CHD and discuss the clinical implications of research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Shabana
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Saleem Ullah Shahid
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Irfan
- The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
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33
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Chen S, Wang R, Zhang X, Li L, Jiang Y, Liu R, Zhang H. Ultrasonographic findings and prenatal diagnosis of Jacobsen syndrome: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18695. [PMID: 31895838 PMCID: PMC6946260 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Jacobsen syndrome (JBS) is a rare chromosomal disorder with variable phenotypic expressivity, which is usually diagnosed in infancy and childhood based on clinical examination and hematological and cytogenetic findings. Prenatal diagnosis and fetal ultrasonographic findings of JBS are rare. PATIENT CONCERNS A 38-year-old, gravida 3, para 1, pregnant woman underwent clinical ultrasound examination at 22 weeks of gestation. DIAGNOSES Ultrasonographic findings indicated an interventricular septal defect, the presence of septal blood flow, dilation of the left renal pelvis, and a single umbilical artery. Amniocentesis was performed to evaluate possible genetic causes of this diagnosis by cytogenetic and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis. INTERVENTIONS After genetic counseling and informed consent, the couple elected to terminate the pregnancy. OUTCOMES Karyotype analysis showed that the fetal karyotype was 46,XX,del(11)(q23). The SNP array revealed a 6.118 Mb duplication of 11q23.2q23.3 and a 15.03 Mb deletion of 11q23.3q25. LESSONS Ultrasonographic findings of fetal JBS, including an interventricular septal defect, dilation of the left renal pelvis, and a single umbilical artery, may be associated with a 15.03 Mb deletion of 11q23.3q25. Further cases correlating phenotype and genotype are required to predict the postnatal phenotype.
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34
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Xu L, Fu M, Chen D, Han W, Ostrowski MC, Grossfeld P, Gao P, Ye M. Endothelial-specific deletion of Ets-1 attenuates Angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis via suppression of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30670148 PMCID: PMC6827575 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.10.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Mengxia Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Dongrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Weiqing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Michael C. Ostrowski
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Paul Grossfeld
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pingjin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Maoqing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
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Gomez GA, Prasad MS, Wong M, Charney RM, Shelar PB, Sandhu N, Hackland JOS, Hernandez JC, Leung AW, García-Castro MI. WNT/β-catenin modulates the axial identity of embryonic stem cell-derived human neural crest. Development 2019; 146:dev.175604. [PMID: 31399472 DOI: 10.1242/dev.175604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
WNT/β-catenin signaling is crucial for neural crest (NC) formation, yet the effects of the magnitude of the WNT signal remain ill-defined. Using a robust model of human NC formation based on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), we expose that the WNT signal modulates the axial identity of NCs in a dose-dependent manner, with low WNT leading to anterior OTX+ HOX- NC and high WNT leading to posterior OTX- HOX+ NC. Differentiation tests of posterior NC confirm expected derivatives, including posterior-specific adrenal derivatives, and display partial capacity to generate anterior ectomesenchymal derivatives. Furthermore, unlike anterior NC, posterior NC exhibits a transient TBXT+/SOX2+ neuromesodermal precursor-like intermediate. Finally, we analyze the contributions of other signaling pathways in posterior NC formation, which suggest a crucial role for FGF in survival/proliferation, and a requirement of BMP for NC maturation. As expected retinoic acid (RA) and FGF are able to modulate HOX expression in the posterior NC. Surprisingly, early RA supplementation prohibits NC formation. This work reveals for the first time that the amplitude of WNT signaling can modulate the axial identity of NC cells in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Gomez
- School of Medicine Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Maneeshi S Prasad
- School of Medicine Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Man Wong
- School of Medicine Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Rebekah M Charney
- School of Medicine Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Patrick B Shelar
- School of Medicine Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nabjot Sandhu
- School of Medicine Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - James O S Hackland
- School of Medicine Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jacqueline C Hernandez
- School of Medicine Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Alan W Leung
- School of Medicine Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Martín I García-Castro
- School of Medicine Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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36
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Fu M, Xu L, Chen X, Han W, Ruan C, Li J, Cai C, Ye M, Gao P. Neural Crest Cells Differentiate Into Brown Adipocytes and Contribute to Periaortic Arch Adipose Tissue Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1629-1644. [PMID: 31189430 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periaortic arch adipose tissue (PAAT) plays critical roles in regulating vascular homeostasis; however, its anatomic features, developmental processes, and origins remain unclear. Approach and Results: Anatomic analysis and genetic lineage tracing of Wnt1 (wingless-type MMTV [mouse mammary tumor virus] integration site family member 1)-Cre+;Rosa26RFP/+ mice, Myf5 (myogenic factor 5)-Cre+;Rosa26RFP/+ mice, and SM22α-Cre+;Rosa26RFP/+ mice are performed, and the results show that PAAT has unique anatomic features, and the developmental processes of PAAT are independent of the others periaortic adipose tissues. PAAT adipocytes are mainly derived from neural crest cells (NCCs) rather than from Myf5+ progenitors. Most PAAT adipocyte progenitors expressed SM22α+ (smooth muscle protein 22-alpha) during development. Using Wnt1-Cre+;PPARγflox/flox mice, we found that knockout of PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor)-γ in NCCs results in PAAT developmental delay and dysplasia, further confirming that NCCs contribute to PAAT formation. And we further indicated PAAT dysplasia aggravates Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced inflammation and remodeling of the common carotid artery close to aorta arch. We also found that NCCs can be differentiated into both brown and white adipocytes in vivo and in vitro. RNA sequencing results suggested NCC-derived adipose tissue displays a distinct transcriptional profile compared with the non-NCC-derived adipose tissue in PAAT. CONCLUSIONS PAAT has distinctive anatomic features and developmental processes. Most PAAT adipocytes are originated from NCCs which derive from ectoderm. NCCs are progenitors not only of white adipocytes but also of brown adipocytes. This study indicates that the PAAT is derived from multiple cell lineages, the adipocytes derived from different origins have distinct transcriptional profiles, and PAAT plays a critical role in Ang II-induced common carotid artery inflammation and remodeling.Visual OvervieW: An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Fu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (M.F., L.X., X.C., W.H., C.R., M.Y., P.G.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Lian Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (M.F., L.X., X.C., W.H., C.R., M.Y., P.G.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (M.F., L.X., X.C., W.H., C.R., M.Y., P.G.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Weiqing Han
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (M.F., L.X., X.C., W.H., C.R., M.Y., P.G.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Chengchao Ruan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (M.F., L.X., X.C., W.H., C.R., M.Y., P.G.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital (J.L.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Chenleng Cai
- Riley Heart Research Center, and Herman Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (C.C.)
| | - Maoqing Ye
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (M.F., L.X., X.C., W.H., C.R., M.Y., P.G.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Pingjin Gao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (M.F., L.X., X.C., W.H., C.R., M.Y., P.G.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
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37
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Tootleman E, Malamut B, Akshoomoff N, Mattson SN, Hoffman HM, Jones MC, Printz B, Shiryaev SA, Grossfeld P. Partial Jacobsen syndrome phenotype in a patient with a de novo frameshift mutation in the ETS1 transcription factor. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2019; 5:mcs.a004010. [PMID: 31160359 PMCID: PMC6549550 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a004010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Jacobsen syndrome (OMIM #147791) is a rare contiguous gene disorder caused by deletions in distal 11q. The clinical phenotype is variable and can include dysmorphic features, varying degrees of intellectual disability, behavioral problems including autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, congenital heart defects, structural kidney defects, genitourinary problems, immunodeficiency, and a bleeding disorder due to impaired platelet production and function. Previous studies combining both human and animal systems have implicated several disease-causing genes in distal 11q that contribute to the Jacobsen syndrome phenotype. One gene, ETS1, has been implicated in causing congenital heart defects, structural kidney defects, and immunodeficiency. We performed a comprehensive phenotypic analysis on a patient with congenital heart disease previously found to have a de novo frameshift mutation in ETS1, resulting in the loss of the DNA-binding domain of the protein. Our results suggest that loss of Ets1 causes a “partial Jacobsen syndrome phenotype” including congenital heart disease, facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tootleman
- Columbia Biosciences Corporation, Columbia, Maryland 21703, USA
| | | | - Natacha Akshoomoff
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Sarah N Mattson
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Marilyn C Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Beth Printz
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Sergey A Shiryaev
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discover Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Paul Grossfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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38
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Herrick NL, Lamberti J, Grossfeld P, Murthy R. Successful Management of a Patient With Jacobsen Syndrome and Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2019; 12:421-424. [PMID: 31117916 DOI: 10.1177/2150135118822678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Jacobsen syndrome (JS) is a rare genetic condition characterized by intellectual disability, hematologic abnormalities, and congenital heart defects. A male infant presented at birth with phenotypic findings of JS and echocardiographic findings of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Array comparative genomic hybridization was performed at age three days and revealed an 8.1 Mb terminal deletion on the long arm of chromosome 11, consistent with JS. At five days of age, a hybrid stage 1 procedure was performed. At age 46 days, he underwent a Norwood operation followed by bidirectional Glenn at age six months. He is presently 23 months old and doing well. With careful consideration of the individual patient and comorbidities associated with JS, we propose that at least a subset of patients with JS and HLHS can do well with staged surgical palliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Herrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,UC San Diego Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - John Lamberti
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Current Address: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Paul Grossfeld
- Department of Cardiology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Raghav Murthy
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Current Address: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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39
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Conrad S, Demurger F, Moradkhani K, Pichon O, Le Caignec C, Pascal C, Thomas C, Bayart S, Perlat A, Dubourg C, Jaillard S, Nizon M. 11q24.2q24.3 microdeletion in two families presenting features of Jacobsen syndrome, without intellectual disability: Role of FLI1, ETS1, and SENCR long noncoding RNA. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:993-1000. [PMID: 30888095 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This report presents two families with interstitial 11q24.2q24.3 deletion, associated with malformations, hematologic features, and typical facial dysmorphism, observed in Jacobsen syndrome (JS), except for intellectual disability (ID). The smallest 700 Kb deletion contains only two genes: FLI1 and ETS1, and a long noncoding RNA, SENCR, narrowing the minimal critical region for some features of JS. Consistent with recent literature, it adds supplemental data to confirm the crucial role of FLI1 and ETS1 in JS, namely FLI1 in thrombocytopenia and ETS1 in cardiopathy and immune deficiency. It also supports that combined ETS1 and FLI1 haploinsufficiency explains dysmorphic features, notably ears, and nose anomalies. Moreover, it raises the possibility that SENCR, a long noncoding RNA, could be responsible for limb defects, because of its early role in endothelial cell commitment and function. Considering ID and autism spectrum disorder, which are some of the main features of JS, a participation of ETS1, FLI1, or SENCR cannot be excluded. But, considering the normal neurodevelopment of our patients, their role would be either minor or with an important variability in penetrance. Furthermore, according to literature, ARHGAP32 and KIRREL3 seem to be the strongest candidate genes in the 11q24 region for other Jacobsen patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cédric Le Caignec
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, France.,INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Pascal
- Service de Cardiologie pédiatrique et fœtale, Hôpital privé du Confluent, Nantes, France
| | | | - Sophie Bayart
- Centre de traitement des maladies hémorragiques, CHU Rennes, France
| | - Antoinette Perlat
- Service de Médecine Interne-Immunologie Clinique, CHU de Rennes, France
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes), UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Jaillard
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, F-35033, Rennes, France.,INSERM U1085-IRSET, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, France.,INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
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40
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Grossfeld P, Nie S, Lin L, Wang L, Anderson RH. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: A New Paradigm for an Old Disease? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:jcdd6010010. [PMID: 30813450 PMCID: PMC6462956 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome occurs in up to 3% of all infants born with congenital heart disease and is a leading cause of death in this population. Although there is strong evidence for a genetic component, a specific genetic cause is only known in a small subset of patients, consistent with a multifactorial etiology for the syndrome. There is controversy surrounding the mechanisms underlying the syndrome, which is likely due, in part, to the phenotypic variability of the disease. The most commonly held view is that the “decreased” growth of the left ventricle is due to a decreased flow during a critical period of ventricular development. Research has also been hindered by what has been, up until now, a lack of genetically engineered animal models that faithfully reproduce the human disease. There is a growing body of evidence, nonetheless, indicating that the hypoplasia of the left ventricle is due to a primary defect in ventricular development. In this review, we discuss the evidence demonstrating that, at least for a subset of cases, the chamber hypoplasia is the consequence of hyperplasia of the contained cardiomyocytes. In this regard, hypoplastic left heart syndrome could be viewed as a neonatal form of cardiomyopathy. We also discuss the role of the endocardium in the development of the ventricular hypoplasia, which may provide a mechanistic basis for how impaired flow to the developing ventricle leads to the anatomical changes seen in the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Grossfeld
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Shuyi Nie
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Lizhu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Robert H Anderson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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41
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Ye M, Ruan CC, Fu M, Xu L, Chen D, Zhu M, Zhu D, Gao P. Developmental and functional characteristics of the thoracic aorta perivascular adipocyte. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:777-789. [PMID: 30448891 PMCID: PMC11105183 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic aorta perivascular adipose tissue (T-PVAT) has critical roles in regulating vascular homeostasis. However, the developmental characteristics and cellular lineage of adipocyte in the T-PVAT remain unclear. We show that T-PVAT contains three long strip-shaped fat depots, anterior T-PVAT (A-T-PVAT), left lateral T-PVAT (LL-T-PVAT), and right lateral T-PVAT (RL-T-PVAT). A-T-PVAT displays a distinct transcriptional profile and developmental origin compared to the two lateral T-PVATs (L-T-PVAT). Lineage tracing studies indicate that A-T-PVAT adipocytes are primarily derived from SM22α+ progenitors, whereas L-T-PVAT contains both SM22α+ and Myf5+ cells. We also show that L-T-PVAT contains more UCP1+ brown adipocytes than A-T-PVAT, and L-T-PVAT exerts a greater relaxing effect on aorta than A-T-PVAT. Angiotensin II-infused hypertensive mice display greater macrophage infiltration into A-T-PVAT than L-T-PVAT. These combined results indicate that L-T-PVAT has a distinct development from A-T-PVAT with different cellular lineage, and suggest that L-T-PVAT and A-T-PVAT have different physiological and pathological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Chao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mengxia Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minsheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Model Animal Research Center and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dingliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingjin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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42
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Pierpont ME, Brueckner M, Chung WK, Garg V, Lacro RV, McGuire AL, Mital S, Priest JR, Pu WT, Roberts A, Ware SM, Gelb BD, Russell MW. Genetic Basis for Congenital Heart Disease: Revisited: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018; 138:e653-e711. [PMID: 30571578 PMCID: PMC6555769 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an updated summary of the state of our knowledge of the genetic contributions to the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease. Since 2007, when the initial American Heart Association scientific statement on the genetic basis of congenital heart disease was published, new genomic techniques have become widely available that have dramatically changed our understanding of the causes of congenital heart disease and, clinically, have allowed more accurate definition of the pathogeneses of congenital heart disease in patients of all ages and even prenatally. Information is presented on new molecular testing techniques and their application to congenital heart disease, both isolated and associated with other congenital anomalies or syndromes. Recent advances in the understanding of copy number variants, syndromes, RASopathies, and heterotaxy/ciliopathies are provided. Insights into new research with congenital heart disease models, including genetically manipulated animals such as mice, chicks, and zebrafish, as well as human induced pluripotent stem cell-based approaches are provided to allow an understanding of how future research breakthroughs for congenital heart disease are likely to happen. It is anticipated that this review will provide a large range of health care-related personnel, including pediatric cardiologists, pediatricians, adult cardiologists, thoracic surgeons, obstetricians, geneticists, genetic counselors, and other related clinicians, timely information on the genetic aspects of congenital heart disease. The objective is to provide a comprehensive basis for interdisciplinary care for those with congenital heart disease.
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43
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Ye M, Xu L, Fu M, Chen D, Mattina T, Zufardi O, Rossi E, Bush KT, Nigam SK, Grossfeld P. Gene-targeted deletion in mice of the Ets-1 transcription factor, a candidate gene in the Jacobsen syndrome kidney "critical region," causes abnormal kidney development. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 179:71-77. [PMID: 30422383 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ets-1 is a member of the Ets family of transcription factors and has critical roles in multiple biological functions. Structural kidney defects occur at an increased frequency in Jacobsen syndrome (OMIM #147791), a rare chromosomal disorder caused by deletions in distal 11q, implicating at least one causal gene in distal 11q. In this study, we define an 8.1 Mb "critical region" for kidney defects in Jacobsen syndrome, which spans ~50 genes. We demonstrate that gene-targeted deletion of Ets-1 in mice results in some of the most common congenital kidney defects occurring in Jacobsen syndrome, including: duplicated kidney, hypoplastic kidney, and dilated renal pelvis and calyces. Taken together, our results implicate Ets-1 in normal mammalian kidney development and, potentially, in the pathogenesis of some of the most common types of human structural kidney defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxia Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Mattina
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Catania, Italy
| | - Orsetta Zufardi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Rossi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Kevin T Bush
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Sanjay K Nigam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Paul Grossfeld
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
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44
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Tani-Matsuhana S, Vieceli FM, Gandhi S, Inoue K, Bronner ME. Transcriptome profiling of the cardiac neural crest reveals a critical role for MafB. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S209-S218. [PMID: 30236445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac neural crest originates in the caudal hindbrain, migrates to the heart, and contributes to septation of the cardiac outflow tract and ventricles, an ability unique to this neural crest subpopulation. Here we have used a FoxD3 neural crest enhancer to isolate a pure population of cardiac neural crest cells for transcriptome analysis. This has led to the identification of transcription factors, signaling receptors/ligands, and cell adhesion molecules upregulated in the early migrating cardiac neural crest. We then functionally tested the role of one of the upregulated transcription factors, MafB, and found that it acts as a regulator of Sox10 expression specifically in the cardiac neural crest. Our results not only reveal the genome-wide profile of early migrating cardiac neural crest cells, but also provide molecular insight into what makes the cardiac neural crest unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Tani-Matsuhana
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Felipe Monteleone Vieceli
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Shashank Gandhi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kunio Inoue
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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45
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Migration and diversification of the vagal neural crest. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S98-S109. [PMID: 29981692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arising within the neural tube between the cranial and trunk regions of the body axis, the vagal neural crest shares interesting similarities in its migratory routes and derivatives with other neural crest populations. However, the vagal neural crest is also unique in its ability to contribute to diverse organs including the heart and enteric nervous system. This review highlights the migratory routes of the vagal neural crest and compares them across multiple vertebrates. We also summarize recent advances in understanding vagal neural crest ontogeny and discuss the contribution of this important neural crest population to the cardiovascular system and endoderm-derived organs, including the thymus, lungs and pancreas.
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46
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Puvabanditsin S, Chen CW, Botwinick M, Hussein K, Mariduena J, Mehta R. Ventriculomegaly and cerebellar hypoplasia in a neonate with interstitial 11q 24 deletion in Jacobsen syndrome region. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:1268-1275. [PMID: 29988670 PMCID: PMC6028426 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Jacobsen syndrome (JS) is a rare contiguous gene disorder caused by partial deletion of the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 11 ranging in size from 7 to 20 Mb. We report a term male neonate with an interstitial deletion of about 12.3 megabase (Mb) of chromosome 11q24.1qter. Our case is the first reported newborn patient with 11q24 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surasak Puvabanditsin
- Department of PediatricsRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNew Jersey
| | - Charlotte Wang Chen
- Department of PediatricsRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNew Jersey
| | - Marissa Botwinick
- Department of PediatricsRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNew Jersey
| | - Karen Hussein
- Department of PediatricsRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNew Jersey
| | - Joseph Mariduena
- Department of PediatricsRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNew Jersey
| | - Rajeev Mehta
- Department of PediatricsRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNew Jersey
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47
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Yang C, Xu Y, Yu M, Lee D, Alharti S, Hellen N, Ahmad Shaik N, Banaganapalli B, Sheikh Ali Mohamoud H, Elango R, Przyborski S, Tenin G, Williams S, O’Sullivan J, Al-Radi OO, Atta J, Harding SE, Keavney B, Lako M, Armstrong L. Induced pluripotent stem cell modelling of HLHS underlines the contribution of dysfunctional NOTCH signalling to impaired cardiogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:3031-3045. [PMID: 28521042 PMCID: PMC5886295 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is among the most severe forms of congenital heart disease. Although the consensus view is that reduced flow through the left heart during development is a key factor in the development of the condition, the molecular mechanisms leading to hypoplasia of left heart structures are unknown. We have generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from five HLHS patients and two unaffected controls, differentiated these to cardiomyocytes and identified reproducible in vitro cellular and functional correlates of the HLHS phenotype. Our data indicate that HLHS-iPSC have a reduced ability to give rise to mesodermal, cardiac progenitors and mature cardiomyocytes and an enhanced ability to differentiate to smooth muscle cells. HLHS-iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are characterised by a lower beating rate, disorganised sarcomeres and sarcoplasmic reticulum and a blunted response to isoprenaline. Whole exome sequencing of HLHS fibroblasts identified deleterious variants in NOTCH receptors and other genes involved in the NOTCH signalling pathway. Our data indicate that the expression of NOTCH receptors was significantly downregulated in HLHS-iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes alongside NOTCH target genes confirming downregulation of NOTCH signalling activity. Activation of NOTCH signalling via addition of Jagged peptide ligand during the differentiation of HLHS-iPSC restored their cardiomyocyte differentiation capacity and beating rate and suppressed the smooth muscle cell formation. Together, our data provide firm evidence for involvement of NOTCH signalling in HLHS pathogenesis, reveal novel genetic insights important for HLHS pathology and shed new insights into the role of this pathway during human cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Yang
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Yaobo Xu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Min Yu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - David Lee
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Sameer Alharti
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Hellen
- NHLI, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Noor Ahmad Shaik
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Babajan Banaganapalli
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein Sheikh Ali Mohamoud
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramu Elango
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Gennadiy Tenin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Osman O Al-Radi
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameel Atta
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sian E. Harding
- NHLI, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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48
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Hanchard NA, Umana LA, D'Alessandro L, Azamian M, Poopola M, Morris SA, Fernbach S, Lalani SR, Towbin JA, Zender GA, Fitzgerald-Butt S, Garg V, Bowman J, Zapata G, Hernandez P, Arrington CB, Furthner D, Prakash SK, Bowles NE, McBride KL, Belmont JW. Assessment of large copy number variants in patients with apparently isolated congenital left-sided cardiac lesions reveals clinically relevant genomic events. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2176-2188. [PMID: 28653806 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Congenital left-sided cardiac lesions (LSLs) are a significant contributor to the mortality and morbidity of congenital heart disease (CHD). Structural copy number variants (CNVs) have been implicated in LSL without extra-cardiac features; however, non-penetrance and variable expressivity have created uncertainty over the use of CNV analyses in such patients. High-density SNP microarray genotyping data were used to infer large, likely-pathogenic, autosomal CNVs in a cohort of 1,139 probands with LSL and their families. CNVs were molecularly confirmed and the medical records of individual carriers reviewed. The gene content of novel CNVs was then compared with public CNV data from CHD patients. Large CNVs (>1 MB) were observed in 33 probands (∼3%). Six of these were de novo and 14 were not observed in the only available parent sample. Associated cardiac phenotypes spanned a broad spectrum without clear predilection. Candidate CNVs were largely non-recurrent, associated with heterozygous loss of copy number, and overlapped known CHD genomic regions. Novel CNV regions were enriched for cardiac development genes, including seven that have not been previously associated with human CHD. CNV analysis can be a clinically useful and molecularly informative tool in LSLs without obvious extra-cardiac defects, and may identify a clinically relevant genomic disorder in a small but important proportion of these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Hanchard
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,USDA/ARS/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Luis A Umana
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lisa D'Alessandro
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mahshid Azamian
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mojisola Poopola
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Shaine A Morris
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan Fernbach
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Seema R Lalani
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey A Towbin
- Pediatric Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gloria A Zender
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sara Fitzgerald-Butt
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jessica Bowman
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gladys Zapata
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,USDA/ARS/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Patricia Hernandez
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,USDA/ARS/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Cammon B Arrington
- Division of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Siddharth K Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Neil E Bowles
- Division of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kim L McBride
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John W Belmont
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,USDA/ARS/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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49
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An interspecies heart-to-heart: Using Xenopus to uncover the genetic basis of congenital heart disease. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 5:187-196. [PMID: 29082114 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Given the enormous impact congenital heart disease has on child health, it is imperative that we improve our understanding of the disease mechanisms that underlie patient phenotypes and clinical outcomes. This review will outline the merits of using the frog model, Xenopus, as a tool to study human cardiac development and left-right patterning mechanisms associated with congenital heart disease. RECENT FINDINGS Patient-driven gene discovery continues to provide new insight into the mechanisms of congenital heart disease, and by extension, patient phenotypes and outcomes. By identifying gene variants in CHD patients, studies in Xenopus have elucidated the molecular mechanisms of how these candidate genes affect cardiac development, both cardiogenesis as well as left-right patterning, which can have a major impact on cardiac morphogenesis. Xenopus has also proved to be a useful screening tool for the biological relevance of identified patient-mutations, and ongoing investigations continue to illuminate disease mechanisms. SUMMARY Analyses in model organisms can help to elucidate the disease mechanisms underlying CHD patient phenotypes. Using Xenopus to disentangle the genotype-phenotype relationships of well-known and novel disease genes could enhance the ability of physicians to efficaciously treat patients and predict clinical outcomes, ultimately improving quality of life and survival rates of patients born with congenital heart disease.
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50
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Zaidi S, Brueckner M. Genetics and Genomics of Congenital Heart Disease. Circ Res 2017; 120:923-940. [PMID: 28302740 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect, and because of major advances in medical and surgical management, there are now more adults living with congenital heart disease (CHD) than children. Until recently, the cause of the majority of CHD was unknown. Advances in genomic technologies have discovered the genetic causes of a significant fraction of CHD, while at the same time pointing to remarkable complexity in CHD genetics. This review will focus on the evidence for genetic causes underlying CHD and discuss data supporting both monogenic and complex genetic mechanisms underlying CHD. The discoveries from CHD genetic studies draw attention to biological pathways that simultaneously open the door to a better understanding of cardiac development and affect clinical care of patients with CHD. Finally, we address clinical genetic evaluation of patients and families affected by CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Zaidi
- From the Departments of Genetics (S.Z.) and Pediatrics and Genetics (M.B.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT
| | - Martina Brueckner
- From the Departments of Genetics (S.Z.) and Pediatrics and Genetics (M.B.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT.
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