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Yang Y, Sheng YH, Carreira P, Wang T, Zhao H, Wang R. Genome-wide assessment of shared genetic landscape of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and its comorbidities. Hum Genet 2024:10.1007/s00439-024-02696-9. [PMID: 39103522 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease accompanied by both local and systemic comorbidities. Genetic factors play a role in the development of IPF and certain associated comorbidities. Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether there are shared genetic factors underlying IPF and these comorbidities. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic investigation into the shared genetic architecture between IPF and ten prevalent heritable comorbidities (i.e., body mass index [BMI], coronary artery disease [CAD], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], gastroesophageal reflux disease, lung cancer, major depressive disorder [MDD], obstructive sleep apnoea, pulmonary hypertension [PH], stroke, and type 2 diabetes), by utilizing large-scale summary data from their respective genome-wide association studies and multi-omics studies. We revealed significant (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05) and moderate genetic correlations between IPF and seven comorbidities, excluding lung cancer, MDD and PH. Evidence suggested a partially putative causal effect of IPF on CAD. Notably, we observed FDR-significant genetic enrichments in lung for the cross-trait between IPF and CAD and in liver for the cross-trait between IPF and COPD. Additionally, we identified 65 FDR-significant genes over-represented in 20 biological pathways related to the etiology of IPF, BMI, and COPD, including inflammation-related mucin gene clusters. Several of these genes were associated with clinically relevant drugs for the treatment of IPF, CAD, and/or COPD. Our results underscore the pervasive shared genetic basis between IPF and its common comorbidities and hold future implications for early diagnosis of IPF-related comorbidities, drug repurposing, and the development of novel therapies for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Yang
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Yong H Sheng
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Patricia Carreira
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Division, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Department of Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
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2
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Kim JH, Shim J, Ko N, Kim HJ, Lee Y, Choi K. Analysis of production efficiency of cloned transgenic Yucatan miniature pigs according to recipient breeds with embryo transfer conditions. Theriogenology 2024; 218:193-199. [PMID: 38330863 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of the production of cloned transgenic Yucatan miniature pigs (YMPs) using two recipient breeds, i.e., YMPs and domestic pigs (DPs), under various embryo transfer conditions. We initially assessed the in vitro developmental competence of embryos obtained via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) from three different transgenic donor cells. No difference was observed among the three groups regarding developmental competence. Furthermore, the cloning efficiency remained consistent among the three groups after the transfer of the SCNT embryos to each surrogate mother. Subsequently, to compare the efficiency of the production of cloned transgenic YMPs between the two recipient breeds using varying parameters, including ovulation status (preovulation and postovulation), duration of in vitro culture (IVC) (incubated within 24 h and 24-48 h), and the number of transferred SCNT embryos (less than and more than 300), we assessed the pregnancy rates, delivery rates, mean offspring counts, and cloning efficiency. Regarding the ovulation status, YMPs exhibited higher pregnancy rates, delivery rates, and cloning efficiency compared with DPs in both statuses. Moreover, the pregnancy rates, delivery rates, and cloning efficiency were affected by the ovulation status in DPs, but not in YMPs. The comparison of IVC duration between groups revealed that YMPs had higher pregnancy rates vs. DPs in both conditions. SCNT embryos cultured for 24-48 h in YMPs yielded higher delivery rates and cloning efficiency compared with those cultured for less than 24 h in DPs. Finally, the analysis based on the number of transferred SCNT embryos showed that both the pregnancy and delivery rates were higher in YMPs vs. DPs. However, the highest average number of offspring was obtained when more than 300 SCNT embryos were transferred into DPs, whereas the cloning efficiency was higher in YMPs vs. DPs. Our results suggest that YMPs are more suitable recipients than are DPs under various conditions for the production of cloned transgenic YMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyeong Kim
- Optipharm Inc, 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28158, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Shim
- Optipharm Inc, 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28158, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Ko
- Optipharm Inc, 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28158, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Joo Kim
- Optipharm Inc, 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28158, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Lee
- Optipharm Inc, 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28158, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimyung Choi
- Optipharm Inc, 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28158, Republic of Korea.
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Faizal AM, Elias MH, Jin NM, Abu MA, Syafruddin SE, Zainuddin AA, Suzuki N, Karim AKA. Unravelling the role of HAS2, GREM1, and PTGS2 gene expression in cumulus cells: implications for human oocyte development competency - a systematic review and integrated bioinformatic analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1274376. [PMID: 38524634 PMCID: PMC10957552 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1274376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The leading indicator for successful outcomes in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) is the quality of gametes in oocytes and sperm. Thus, advanced research aims to highlight the parameter in assessing these qualities - DNA fragmentation in sperm and oocyte development capacity (ODC) via evaluation of microenvironments involving its maturation process. Regarding oocytes, most evidence reveals the role of cumulus cells as non-invasive methods in assessing their development competency, mainly via gene expression evaluation. Our review aims to consolidate the evidence of GDF-9 derivatives, the HAS2, GREM1, and PTGS2 gene expression in cumulus cells used as ODC markers in relevant publications and tailored to current IVF outcomes. In addition to that, we also added the bioinformatic analysis in our review to strengthen the evidence aiming for a better understanding of the pathways and cluster of the genes of interest - HAS2, GREM1, and PTGS2 in cumulus cell level. Otherwise, the current non-invasive method can be used in exploring various causes of infertility that may affect these gene expressions at the cumulus cell level. Nevertheless, this method can also be used in assessing the ODC in various cohorts of women or as an improvement of markers following targeted tools or procedures by evaluating the advancement of these gene expressions following the targeted intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mohd Faizal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marjanu Hikmah Elias
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Norazilah Mat Jin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Azrai Abu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ani Amelia Zainuddin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nao Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, St Marianna School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Abdul Kadir Abdul Karim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Javan GT, Singh K, Finley SJ, Green RL, Sen CK. Complexity of human death: its physiological, transcriptomic, and microbiological implications. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1345633. [PMID: 38282739 PMCID: PMC10822681 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1345633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Human death is a complex, time-governed phenomenon that leads to the irreversible cessation of all bodily functions. Recent molecular and genetic studies have revealed remarkable experimental evidence of genetically programmed cellular death characterized by several physiological processes; however, the basic physiological function that occurs during the immediate postmortem period remains inadequately described. There is a paucity of knowledge connecting necrotic pathologies occurring in human organ tissues to complete functional loss of the human organism. Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems show a range of differential resilience and endurance responses that occur during organismal death. Intriguingly, a persistent ambiguity in the study of postmortem physiological systems is the determination of the trajectory of a complex multicellular human body, far from life-sustaining homeostasis, following the gradual or sudden expiry of its regulatory systems. Recent groundbreaking investigations have resulted in a paradigm shift in understanding the cell biology and physiology of death. Two significant findings are that (i) most cells in the human body are microbial, and (ii) microbial cell abundance significantly increases after death. By addressing the physiological as well as the microbiological aspects of death, future investigations are poised to reveal innovative insights into the enigmatic biological activities associated with death and human decomposition. Understanding the elaborate crosstalk of abiotic and biotic factors in the context of death has implications for scientific discoveries important to informing translational knowledge regarding the transition from living to the non-living. There are important and practical needs for a transformative reestablishment of accepted models of biological death (i.e., artificial intelligence, AI) for more precise determinations of when the regulatory mechanisms for homeostasis of a living individual have ceased. In this review, we summarize mechanisms of physiological, genetic, and microbiological processes that define the biological changes and pathways associated with human organismal death and decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnaz T. Javan
- Department of Physical and Forensic Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, United States
| | - Kanhaiya Singh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sheree J. Finley
- Department of Physical and Forensic Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, United States
| | - Robert L. Green
- Department of Physical and Forensic Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, United States
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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5
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Wang P, Paquet ÉR, Robert C. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of long non-coding RNAs in bovine ovarian follicles and early embryos. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291761. [PMID: 37725621 PMCID: PMC10508637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been the subject of numerous studies over the past decade. First thought to come from aberrant transcriptional events, lncRNAs are now considered a crucial component of the genome with roles in multiple cellular functions. However, the functional annotation and characterization of bovine lncRNAs during early development remain limited. In this comprehensive analysis, we review lncRNAs expression in bovine ovarian follicles and early embryos, based on a unique database comprising 468 microarray hybridizations from a single platform designed to target 7,724 lncRNA transcripts, of which 5,272 are intergenic (lincRNA), 958 are intronic, and 1,524 are antisense (lncNAT). Compared to translated mRNA, lncRNAs have been shown to be more tissue-specific and expressed in low copy numbers. This analysis revealed that protein-coding genes and lncRNAs are both expressed more in oocytes. Differences between the oocyte and the 2-cell embryo are also more apparent in terms of lncRNAs than mRNAs. Co-expression network analysis using WGCNA generated 25 modules with differing proportions of lncRNAs. The modules exhibiting a higher proportion of lncRNAs were found to be associated with fewer annotated mRNAs and housekeeping functions. Functional annotation of co-expressed mRNAs allowed attribution of lncRNAs to a wide array of key cellular events such as meiosis, translation initiation, immune response, and mitochondrial related functions. We thus provide evidence that lncRNAs play diverse physiological roles that are tissue-specific and associated with key cellular functions alongside mRNAs in bovine ovarian follicles and early embryos. This contributes to add lncRNAs as active molecules in the complex regulatory networks driving folliculogenesis, oogenesis and early embryogenesis all of which are necessary for reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengmin Wang
- Département des sciences animales, Faculté des sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric R. Paquet
- Département des sciences animales, Faculté des sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Robert
- Département des sciences animales, Faculté des sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Zhang X, Wang X, Zhu H, Zhang D, Chen J, Wen Y, Li Y, Jin L, Xie C, Guo D, Luo T, Tong J, Zhou Y, Shen Y. Short-wavelength artificial light affects visual neural pathway development in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115282. [PMID: 37494734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all modern life depends on artificial light; however, it does cause health problems. With certain restrictions of artificial light emitting technology, the influence of the light spectrum is inevitable. The most remarkable problem is its overload in the short wavelength component. Short wavelength artificial light has a wide range of influences from ocular development to mental problems. The visual neuronal pathway, as the primary light-sensing structure, may contain the fundamental mechanism of all light-induced abnormalities. However, how the artificial light spectrum shapes the visual neuronal pathway during development in mammals is poorly understood. We placed C57BL/6 mice in three different spectrum environments (full-spectrum white light: 400-750 nm; violet light: 400 ± 20 nm; green light: 510 ± 20 nm) beginning at eye opening, with a fixed light time of 7:00-19:00. During development, we assessed the ocular axial dimension, visual function and retinal neurons. After two weeks under short wavelength conditions, the ocular axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and length of lens thickness, real vitreous chamber depth and retinal thickness (LLVR) were shorter, visual acuity (VA) decreased, and retinal electrical activity was impaired. The density of S-cones in the dorsal and ventral retinas both decreased after one week under short wavelength conditions. In the ventral retina, it increased after three weeks. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density and axon thickness were not influenced; however, the axonal terminals in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) were less clustered and sparse. Amacrine cells (ACs) were significantly more activated. Green light has few effects. The KEGG and GO enrichment analyses showed that many genes related to neural circuitry, synaptic formation and neurotransmitter function were differentially expressed in the short wavelength light group. In conclusion, exposure to short wavelength artificial light in the early stage of vision-dependent development in mice delayed the development of the visual pathway. The axon terminus structure and neurotransmitter function may be the major suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingying Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Le Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dongyu Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Agroproduct Safety and Nutrition, China
| | - Jianping Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yudong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Ko EJ, Shin JE, Lee JY, Ryu CS, Hwang JY, Kim YR, Ahn EH, Kim JH, Kim NK. Association of Polymorphisms in FSHR, INHA, ESR1, and BMP15 with Recurrent Implantation Failure. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051374. [PMID: 37239044 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) refers to two or more unsuccessful in vitro fertilization embryo transfers in the same individual. Embryonic characteristics, immunological factors, and coagulation factors are known to be the causes of RIF. Genetic factors have also been reported to be involved in the occurrence of RIF, and some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may contribute to RIF. We examined SNPs in FSHR, INHA, ESR1, and BMP15, which have been associated with primary ovarian failure. A cohort of 133 RIF patients and 317 healthy controls consisting of all Korean women was included. Genotyping was performed by Taq-Man genotyping assays to determine the frequency of the following polymorphisms: FSHR rs6165, INHA rs11893842 and rs35118453, ESR1 rs9340799 and rs2234693, and BMP15 rs17003221 and rs3810682. The differences in these SNPs were compared between the patient and control groups. Our results demonstrate a decreased prevalence of RIF in subjects with the FSHR rs6165 A>G polymorphism [AA vs. AG adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.432; confidence interval (CI) = 0.206-0.908; p = 0.027, AA+AG vs. GG AOR = 0.434; CI = 0.213-0.885; p = 0.022]. Based on a genotype combination analysis, the GG/AA (FSHR rs6165/ESR1 rs9340799: OR = 0.250; CI = 0.072-0.874; p = 0.030) and GG-CC (FSHR rs6165/BMP15 rs3810682: OR = 0.466; CI = 0.220-0.987; p = 0.046) alleles were also associated with a decreased RIF risk. Additionally, the FSHR rs6165GG and BMP15 rs17003221TT+TC genotype combination was associated with a decreased RIF risk (OR = 0.430; CI = 0.210-0.877; p = 0.020) and increased FSH levels, as assessed by an analysis of variance. The FSHR rs6165 polymorphism and genotype combinations are significantly associated with RIF development in Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13520, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ran Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13520, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13520, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyang Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13520, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
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Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis Reveals Dynamic Changes in Major Biological Functions during the Early Development of Clearhead Icefish, Protosalanx chinensis. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7030115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early development, when many important developmental events occur, is a critical period for fish. However, research on the early development of clearhead icefish is very limited, especially in molecular research. In this study, we aimed to explore the dynamic changes in the biological functions of five key periods in clearhead icefish early development, namely the YL (embryonic), PM (first day after hatching), KK (fourth day after hatching), LC (seventh day after hatching), and SL (tenth day after hatching) stages, through transcriptome sequencing and different analysis strategies. A trend expression analysis and an enrichment analysis revealed that the expression ofgenes encoding G protein-coupled receptors and their ligands, i.e., prss1_2_3, pomc, npy, npb, sst, rln3, crh, gh, and prl that are associated with digestion and feeding regulation gradually increased during early development. In addition, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that eleven modules were significantly associated with early development, among which nine modules were significantly positively correlated. Through the enrichment analysis and hub gene identification results of these nine modules, it was found that the pathways related to eye, bone, and heart development were significantly enriched in the YL stage, and the ccnd2, seh1l, kdm6a, arf4, and ankrd28 genes that are associated with cell proliferation and differentiation played important roles in these developmental processes; the pak3, dlx3, dgat2, and tas1r1 genes that are associated with jaw and tooth development, TG (triacylglycerol) synthesis, and umami amino acid receptors were identified as hub genes for the PM stage; the pathways associated with aerobic metabolism and unsaturated fatty acid synthesis were significantly enriched in the KK stage, with the foxk, slc13a2_3_5, ndufa5, and lsc2 genes playing important roles; the pathways related to visual perception were significantly enriched in the LC stage; and the bile acid biosynthetic and serine-type peptidase activity pathways were significantly enriched in the SL stage. These results provide a more detailed understanding of the processes of early development of clearhead icefish.
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Hatırnaz Ş, Hatırnaz ES, Ellibeş Kaya A, Hatırnaz K, Soyer Çalışkan C, Sezer Ö, Dokuzeylül Güngor N, Demirel C, Baltacı V, Tan S, Dahan M. Oocyte maturation abnormalities - A systematic review of the evidence and mechanisms in a rare but difficult to manage fertility pheneomina. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 19:60-80. [PMID: 35343221 PMCID: PMC8966321 DOI: 10.4274/tjod.galenos.2022.76329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A small proportion of infertile women experience repeated oocyte maturation abnormalities (OMAS). OMAS include degenerated and dysmorphic oocytes, empty follicle syndrome, oocyte maturation arrest (OMA), resistant ovary syndrome and maturation defects due to primary ovarian insufficiency. Genetic factors play an important role in OMAS but still need specifications. This review documents the spectrum of OMAS and to evaluate the multiple subtypes classified as OMAS. In this review, readers will be able to understand the oocyte maturation mechanism, gene expression and their regulation that lead to different subtypes of OMAs, and it will discuss the animal and human studies related to OMAS and lastly the treatment options for OMAs. Literature searches using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence were performed to identify articles written in English focusing on Oocyte Maturation Abnormalities by looking for the following relevant keywords. A search was made with the specified keywords and included books and documents, clinical trials, animal studies, human studies, meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials, reviews, systematic reviews and options written in english. The search detected 3,953 sources published from 1961 to 2021. After title and abstract screening for study type, duplicates and relevancy, 2,914 studies were excluded. The remaining 1,039 records were assessed for eligibility by full-text reading and 886 records were then excluded. Two hundred and twenty seven full-text articles and 0 book chapters from the database were selected for inclusion. Overall, 227 articles, one unpublished and one abstract paper were included in this final review. In this review study, OMAS were classified and extensively evaluatedand possible treatment options under the light of current information, present literature and ongoing studies. Either genetic studies or in vitro maturation studies that will be handled in the future will lead more informations to be reached and may make it possible to obtain pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şafak Hatırnaz
- Medicana Samsun International Hospital, In Vitro Fertilization-In Vitro Maturation Unit, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ebru Saynur Hatırnaz
- Medicana Samsun International Hospital, In Vitro Fertilization-In Vitro Maturation Unit, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Aşkı Ellibeş Kaya
- Private Office, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kaan Hatırnaz
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Canan Soyer Çalışkan
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Özlem Sezer
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Genetics, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Cem Demirel
- Memorial Ataşehir Hospital, In Vitro Fertilization Unit, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Seang Tan
- James Edmund Dodds Chair in ObGyn, Department of ObGyn, McGill University, OriginElle Fertility Clinic and Women, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Dahan
- McGill Reproductive Centre, Department of ObGyn, McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Aquaporins and Animal Gamete Cryopreservation: Advances and Future Challenges. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030359. [PMID: 35158682 PMCID: PMC8833750 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cryopreservation is the method for the long-term preservation of gametes and embryos. In recent years, intensive research has focused on improving cryopreservation protocols for the determination of optimal freezing conditions and cryoprotective agents’ concentration for each cell type. The optimal cryopreservation protocol comprises the adequate balance between the freezing rate and the correct concentration of cryoprotective agents to achieve controlled cellular dehydration and minimal intracellular ice formation. Osmoregulation is, therefore, central in cryobiology. Water and some solutes can cross the plasma membrane, whereas facilitating transport takes a great part in intracellular/extracellular fluid homeostasis. Cells express water channels known as aquaporins that facilitate the transport of water and small uncharged solutes on their plasma membrane, including some cryoprotective agents. This review explores the expression and the function of aquaporins in gametes and embryos. In addition, the putative role of aquaporins for cryopreservation procedures is discussed. Abstract Cryopreservation is globally used as a method for long-term preservation, although freeze-thawing procedures may strongly impair the gamete function. The correct cryopreservation procedure is characterized by the balance between freezing rate and cryoprotective agents (CPAs), which minimizes cellular dehydration and intracellular ice formation. For this purpose, osmoregulation is a central process in cryopreservation. During cryopreservation, water and small solutes, including penetrating cryoprotective agents, cross the plasma membrane. Aquaporins (AQPs) constitute a family of channel proteins responsible for the transport of water, small solutes, and certain gases across biological membranes. Thirteen homologs of AQPs (AQP0-12) have been described. AQPs are widely distributed throughout the male and female reproductive systems, including the sperm and oocyte membrane. The composition of the male and female gamete membrane is of special interest for assisted reproductive techniques (ART), including cryopreservation. In this review, we detail the mechanisms involved in gamete cryopreservation, including the most used techniques and CPAs. In addition, the expression and function of AQPs in the male and female gametes are explored, highlighting the potential protective role of AQPs against damage induced during cryopreservation.
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Qiu J, Ma X, Zeng F, Yan J. RNA editing regulates lncRNA splicing in human early embryo development. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009630. [PMID: 34851956 PMCID: PMC8668112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA editing is a co- or post-transcriptional modification through which some cells can make discrete changes to specific nucleotide sequences within an RNA molecule after transcription. Previous studies found that RNA editing may be critically involved in cancer and aging. However, the function of RNA editing in human early embryo development is still unclear. In this study, through analyzing single cell RNA sequencing data, 36.7% RNA editing sites were found to have a have differential editing ratio among early embryo developmental stages, and there was a great reprogramming of RNA editing rates at the 8-cell stage, at which most of the differentially edited RNA editing sites (99.2%) had a decreased RNA editing rate. In addition, RNA editing was more likely to occur on RNA splicing sites during human early embryo development. Furthermore, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) editing sites were found more likely to be on RNA splicing sites (odds ratio = 2.19, P = 1.37×10-8), while mRNA editing sites were less likely (odds ratio = 0.22, P = 8.38×10-46). Besides, we found that the RNA editing rate on lncRNA had a significantly higher correlation coefficient with the percentage spliced index (PSI) of lncRNA exons (R = 0.75, P = 4.90×10-16), which indicated that RNA editing may regulate lncRNA splicing during human early embryo development. Finally, functional analysis revealed that those RNA editing-regulated lncRNAs were enriched in signal transduction, the regulation of transcript expression, and the transmembrane transport of mitochondrial calcium ion. Overall, our study might provide a new insight into the mechanism of RNA editing on lncRNAs in human developmental biology and common birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Qiu
- Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Embryogenesis and Developmental Molecular Biology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Group of Signal Transduction, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fanyi Zeng
- Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Embryogenesis and Developmental Molecular Biology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingbin Yan
- Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Embryogenesis and Developmental Molecular Biology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, China
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12
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Aboussahoud WS, Smith H, Stevens A, Wangsaputra I, Hunter HR, Kimber SJ, Seif MW, Brison DR. The expression and activity of Toll-like receptors in the preimplantation human embryo suggest a new role for innate immunity. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:2661-2675. [PMID: 34517414 PMCID: PMC8450873 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is the innate immunity system active in early human embryo development? SUMMARY ANSWER The pattern recognition receptors and innate immunity Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes are widely expressed in preimplantation human embryos and the pathway appears to be active in response to TLR ligands. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Early human embryos are highly sensitive to their local environment, however relatively little is known about how embryos detect and respond to specific environmental cues. While the maternal immune response is known to be key to the establishment of pregnancy at implantation, the ability of human embryos to detect and signal the presence of pathogens is unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Expression of TLR family and related genes in human embryos was assessed by analysis of published transcriptome data (n = 40). Day 5 (D-5) human embryos (n = 25) were cultured in the presence of known TLR ligands and gene expression and cytokine production measured compared to controls. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Human embryos surplus to treatment requirements were donated with informed consent from several ART centres. Embryos were cultured to Day 6 (D-6) in the presence of the TLR3 and TLR5 ligands Poly (I: C) and flagellin, with gene expression measured by quantitative PCR and cytokine release into medium measured using cytometric bead arrays. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE TLR and related genes, including downstream signalling molecules, were expressed variably at all human embryo developmental stages. Results showed the strongest expression in the blastocyst for TLRs 9 and 5, and throughout development for TLRs 9, 5, 2, 6 and 7. Stimulation of Day 5 blastocysts with TLR3 and TLR5 ligands Poly (I: C) and flagellin produced changes in mRNA expression levels of TLR genes, including the hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR), TLR5, TLR7, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and monocyte chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) (P < 0.05, P < 0.001 compared to unstimulated controls), and release into culture medium of cytokines and chemokines, notably IL8 (P = 0.00005 and 0.01277 for flagellin and Poly (I: C), respectively). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This was a descriptive and experimental study which suggests that the TLR system is active in human embryos and capable of function, but does not confirm any particular role. Although we identified embryonic transcripts for a range of TLR genes, the expression patterns were not always consistent across published studies and expression levels of some genes were low, leaving open the possibility that these were expressed from the maternal rather than embryonic genome. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first report of the expression and activity of a number of components of the innate immunity TLR system in human embryos. Understanding the role of TLRs during preimplantation human development may be important to reveal immunological mechanisms and potential clinical markers of embryo quality and pregnancy initiation during natural conception and in ART. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was funded by the Ministry of Higher Education, The State of Libya, the UK Medical Research Council, and the NIHR Local Comprehensive Research Network and NIHR Manchester Clinical Research Facility and the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programmes under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 812660 (DohART-NET). In accordance with H2020 rules, no new human embryos were sacrificed for research activities performed from the EU funding, which concerned only in silico analyses of recorded time-lapse and transcriptomics datasets. None of the authors has any conflict of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER n/a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wedad S Aboussahoud
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Smith
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Stevens
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ivan Wangsaputra
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen R Hunter
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Old St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Mourad W Seif
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Old St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel R Brison
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Old St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
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Paonessa M, Borini A, Coticchio G. Genetic causes of preimplantation embryo developmental failure. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:338-348. [PMID: 33843124 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Embryo development requires orchestrated events, finely regulated at the molecular and cellular level by mechanisms which are progressively emerging from animal studies. With progress in genetic technologies-such as genome editing and single-cell RNA analysis-we can now assess embryo gene expression with increased precision and gain new insights into complex processes until recently difficult to explore. Multiple genes and regulative pathways have been identified for each developmental stage. We have learned that embryos with undisturbed and timely gene expression have higher chances of successful development. For example, selected genes are highly expressed during the first stages, being involved in cell adhesion, cell cycle, and regulation of transcription; other genes are instead crucial for lineage specification and therefore expressed at later stages. Due to ethical constraints, studies on human embryos remain scarce, mainly descriptive, and unable to provide functional evidence. This highlights the importance of animal studies as basic knowledge to test and appraise in a clinical context. In this review, we report on preimplantation development with a focus on genes whose impairment leads to developmental arrest. Preconceptional genetic screening could identify loss-of-function mutations of these genes; thereby, novel biomarkers of embryo quality could be adopted to improve diagnosis and treatment of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Paonessa
- 9.Baby, Family and Fertility Center, Bologna, Italy.,Casa di Cura Candela Spa, Palermo, Italy
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Folic acid supplementation during oocytes maturation influences in vitro production and gene expression of bovine embryos. ZYGOTE 2021; 29:342-349. [PMID: 33685547 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199421000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Embryos that are produced in vitro frequently present epigenetic modifications. However, maternal supplementation with folic acid (FA) may improve oocyte maturation and embryo development, preventing epigenetic errors in the offspring. We sought to evaluate the influence of FA supplementation during in vitro maturation of grade I (GI) and grade III (GIII) bovine oocytes on embryo production rate and the expression of IGF2 and KCNQ1OT1 genes. The oocytes were matured in vitro with different concentrations of FA (0, 10, 30 and 100 μM), followed by in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. On the seventh day (D7) of culture, embryo production was evaluated and gene expression was measured using real-time qPCR. Supplementation with 10 μM of FA did not affect embryo production for GI and GIII oocytes. Moderate supplementation (30 μM) seemed to be a positive influence, increasing embryo production for GIII (P = 0.012), while the highest dose (100 μM) reduced embryo production (P = 0.010) for GI, and IGF2 expression was not detected. In GIII, only embryos whose oocyte maturation was not supplemented with FA demonstrated detected IGF2 expression. The lowest concentration of FA (10 μM) reduced KCNQ1OT1 expression (P = 0.05) on embryos from GIII oocytes. Different FA concentrations induced different effects on bovine embryo production and gene expression that was related to oocyte quality. Despite the epigenetic effects of FA, supplementation seems to be a promising factor to improve bovine embryo production if used carefully, as concentration is an important factor, especially in oocytes with impaired quality.
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Oviduct as a sensor of embryo quality: deciphering the extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated embryo-maternal dialogue. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:685-697. [PMID: 33512581 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Embryo-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play a role in mediating the embryo-maternal dialogue at the oviduct, potentially carrying signals reflecting embryo quality. We investigated the effects of bovine embryo-derived EVs on the gene expression of bovine oviductal epithelial cells (BOECs), and whether these effects are dependent on embryo quality. Presumptive zygotes were cultured individually in vitro in culture medium droplets until day 8 while their development was assessed at day 2, 5 and 8. Conditioned medium samples were collected at day 5 and pooled based on embryo development (good quality embryo media and degenerating embryo media). EVs were isolated from conditioned media by size exclusion chromatography and supplemented to primary BOEC monolayer cultures to evaluate the effects of embryo-derived EVs on gene expression profile of BOEC. Gene expression was quantified by RNA-seq and RT-qPCR. A total of 7 upregulated and 18 downregulated genes were detected in the BOECs supplemented with good quality embryo-derived EV compared to the control. The upregulated genes included interferon-τ-induced genes, such as OAS1Y, MX1 and ISG15, which have previously been reported as upregulated in the oviductal epithelial cells in the presence of embryos. Of the upregulated genes, OAS1Y and MX1 were validated with RT-qPCR. In contrast, only one differentially expressed gene was detected in BOECs in response to degenerating embryo-derived EVs, suggesting that oviductal responses are dependent on embryo quality. Our results support the hypothesis that embryo-derived EVs are involved in embryo-maternal communication at the oviduct and the oviductal response is dependant on the embryo quality. KEY MESSAGES: • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by individually cultured pre-implantation bovine embryos can alter the gene expression of primary oviductal epithelial cells. • The oviductal response, in terms of gene expression, to the bovine embryo-derived EVs varied depending on the embryo quality. • In vivo, the oviduct may have the ability to sense the quality of the pre-implantation embryos. • The observed effect of embryo-derived EVs on oviductal epithelial cells could serve as a non-invasive method of evaluating the embryo quality.
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Gao J, Xu G, Xu P. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals metabolism transformation in Coilia nasus larvae during the mouth-open period. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 36:100712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Fernández M, Pannella M, Baldassarro VA, Flagelli A, Alastra G, Giardino L, Calzà L. Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Embryonic Stem Cells: Crosstalk with the Retinoic Acid Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8945. [PMID: 33255695 PMCID: PMC7728128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While the role of thyroid hormones (THs) during fetal and postnatal life is well-established, their role at preimplantation and during blastocyst development remains unclear. In this study, we used an embryonic stem cell line isolated from rat (RESC) to study the effects of THs and retinoic acid (RA) on early embryonic development during the pre-implantation stage. The results showed that THs play an important role in the differentiation/maturation processes of cells obtained from embryoid bodies (EB), with thyroid hormone nuclear receptors (TR) (TRα and TRβ), metabolic enzymes (deiodinases 1, 2, 3) and membrane transporters (Monocarboxylate transporters -MCT- 8 and 10) being expressed throughout in vitro differentiation until the Embryoid body (EB) stage. Moreover, thyroid hormone receptor antagonist TR (1-850) impaired RA-induced neuroectodermal lineage specification. This effect was significantly higher when cells were treated with retinoic acid (RA) to induce neuroectodermal lineage, studied through the gene and protein expression of nestin, an undifferentiated progenitor marker from the neuroectoderm lineage, as established by nestin mRNA and protein regulation. These results demonstrate the contribution of the two nuclear receptors, TR and RA, to the process of neuroectoderm maturation of the in vitro model embryonic stem cells obtained from rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Fernández
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy; (M.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Micaela Pannella
- Fondazione IRET, Via Tolara di Sopra, 41/E, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy;
| | - Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 41/E, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy; (V.A.B.); (A.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Alessandra Flagelli
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 41/E, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy; (V.A.B.); (A.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Alastra
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 41/E, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy; (V.A.B.); (A.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy; (M.F.); (L.G.)
- Fondazione IRET, Via Tolara di Sopra, 41/E, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy;
| | - Laura Calzà
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy; (M.F.); (L.G.)
- Fondazione IRET, Via Tolara di Sopra, 41/E, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 41/E, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy; (V.A.B.); (A.F.); (G.A.)
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Basak S, Das MK, Duttaroy AK. Plastics derived endocrine-disrupting compounds and their effects on early development. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1308-1325. [PMID: 32476245 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that the estrogenic effects of bisphenols were first described 80 years ago, recent data about its potential negative impact on birth outcome parameters raises a strong rationale to investigate further. The adverse health effects of plastics recommend to measure the impacts of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as bisphenols (BPA, BPS, BPF), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in human health. Exposure to these compounds in utero may program the diseases of the testis, prostate, kidney and abnormalities in the immune system, and cause tumors, uterine hemorrhage during pregnancy and polycystic ovary. These compounds also control the processes of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult-onset diseases by modulating DNA methylation and epimutations in reproductive cells. The early developmental stage is the most susceptible window for developmental and genomic programming. The critical stages of the events for a normal human birth lie between the many transitions occurring between spermatogenesis, egg fertilization and the fully formed fetus. As the cells begin to grow and differentiate, there are critical balances of hormones, and protein synthesis. Data are emerging on how these plastic-derived compounds affect embryogenesis, placentation and feto-placental development since pregnant women and unborn fetuses are often exposed to these factors during preconception and throughout gestation. Impaired early development that ultimately influences fetal outcomes is at the center of many developmental disorders and contributes an independent risk factor for adult chronic diseases. This review will summarize the current status on the impact of exposure to plastic derived EDCs on the growth, gene expression, epigenetic and angiogenic activities of the early fetal development process and their possible effects on birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mrinal K Das
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Xing Y, Yang W, Liu G, Cui X, Meng H, Zhao H, Zhao X, Li J, Liu Z, Zhang MQ, Cai L. Dynamic Alternative Splicing During Mouse Preimplantation Embryo Development. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:35. [PMID: 32117919 PMCID: PMC7019016 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of alternative pre-mRNA splicing (AS) during preimplantation development is largely unknown. In order to capture the dynamic changes of AS occurring during embryogenesis, we carried out bioinformatics analysis based on scRNA-seq data over the time-course preimplantation development in mouse. We detected numerous previously-unreported differentially expressed genes at specific developmental stages and investigated the nature of AS at both minor and major zygotic genome activation (ZGA). The AS and differential AS atlas over preimplantation development were established. The differentially alternatively spliced genes (DASGs) are likely to be key splicing factors (SFs) during preimplantation development. We also demonstrated that there is a regulatory cascade of AS events in which some key SFs are regulated by differentially AS of their own gene transcripts. Moreover, 212 isoform switches (ISs) during preimplantation development were detected, which may be critical for decoding the mechanism of early embryogenesis. Importantly, we uncovered that zygotic AS activation (ZASA) is in conformity with ZGA and revealed that AS is coupled with transcription during preimplantation development. Our results may provide a deeper insight into the regulation of early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China.,The Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Wuritu Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China.,The Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Xiangjun Cui
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China.,The Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Hu Meng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China.,The Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China.,The Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China.,The Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China.,The Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Michael Q Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Lu Cai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China.,The Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
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20
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The PPARδ Agonist GW501516 Improves Lipolytic/Lipogenic Balance through CPT1 and PEPCK during the Development of Pre-Implantation Bovine Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236066. [PMID: 31810173 PMCID: PMC6928732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) play critical roles in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. PPARδ, a member of the PPARs family, is associated with decreased susceptibility to ectopic lipid deposition and is implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial processes. The current study aimed to determine the role of PPARδ in fatty acid β-oxidation and its influence on PEPCK for the lipogenic/lipolytic balance during in vitro bovine oocyte maturation and embryo development. Activation of PPARδ by GW501516, but not 2-BP, was indicated by intact embryonic PEPCK (cytosolic) and CPT1 expression and the balance between free fatty acids and mitochondrial β-oxidation that reduced ROS and inhibited p-NF-κB nuclear localization. Genes involved in lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and apoptosis showed significant differences after the GW501516 treatment relative to the control- and 2-BP-treated embryos. GSK3787 reversed the PPARδ-induced effects by reducing PEPCK and CPT1 expression and the mitochondrial membrane potential, revealing the importance of PPARδ/PEPCK and PPARδ/CPT1 for controlling lipolysis during embryo development. In conclusion, GW501516-activated PPARδ maintained the correlation between lipolysis and lipogenesis by enhancing PEPCK and CPT1 to improve bovine embryo quality.
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Evans J, Rai A, Nguyen HPT, Poh QH, Elglass K, Simpson RJ, Salamonsen LA, Greening DW. Human Endometrial Extracellular Vesicles Functionally Prepare Human Trophectoderm Model for Implantation: Understanding Bidirectional Maternal-Embryo Communication. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800423. [PMID: 31531940 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation into maternal endometrium is critical for initiation and establishment of pregnancy, requiring developmental synchrony between endometrium and blastocyst. However, factors regulating human endometrial-embryo cross talk and facilitate implantation remain largely unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as important mediators of this process. Here, a trophectoderm spheroid-based in vitro model mimicking the pre-implantation human embryo is used to recapitulate important functional aspects of blastocyst implantation. Functionally, human endometrial EVs, derived from hormonally treated cells synchronous with implantation, are readily internalized by trophectoderm cells, regulating adhesive and invasive capacity of human trophectoderm spheroids. To gain molecular insights into mechanisms underpinning endometrial EV-mediated enhancement of implantation, quantitative proteomics reveal critical alterations in trophectoderm cellular adhesion networks (cell adhesion molecule binding, cell-cell adhesion mediator activity, and cell adherens junctions) and metabolic and gene expression networks, and the soluble secretome from human trophectodermal spheroids. Importantly, transfer of endometrial EV cargo proteins to trophectoderm to mediate changes in trophectoderm function is demonstrated. This is highlighted by correlation among endometrial EVs, the trophectodermal proteome following EV uptake, and EV-mediated trophectodermal cellular proteome, important for implantation. This work provides an understanding into molecular mechanisms of endometrial EV-mediated regulation of human trophectoderm functions-fundamental in understanding human endometrium-embryo signaling during implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Evans
- Endometrial Remodelling Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Hong P T Nguyen
- Endometrial Remodelling Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Qi Hui Poh
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Kirstin Elglass
- Endometrial Remodelling Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- Endometrial Remodelling Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Departments of Physiology and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
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22
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The expression level of SOX2 at the blastocyst stage regulates the developmental capacity of bovine embryos up to day-13 of in vitro culture. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:398-404. [PMID: 31576792 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199419000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Quality of in vitro-produced embryos is influenced by changes in gene expression in response to adverse conditions. Gene markers for predicting 'good embryos' do not exist at present. We propose that the expression of pluripotency markers OCT4-SOX2-NANOG in D9 (day 9) bovine demi-embryos correlated with development at D13 (day 13). Day 8 in vitro-produced blastocysts were split in two cloned halves, one half (D9) was subjected to analysis of pluripotency markers and the other was kept in culture until D13 of development. Embryo development was scored and correlated with its own status at D9 and assigned to one of two categories: G1, arrested/dead; or G2, development up to D13. SOX2 and NANOG expression levels were significantly higher in embryos from G1 and there was also negative correlation between SOX2 and embryo survival to D13 (G3; r = -0.37; P = 0.03). We observed a significant reduction in the expression of the three studied genes from D9 to D13. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the expression of pluripotency markers at D9 and embryo diameter and the expression of trophoblastic markers at D13 (TP1-EOMES-FGF4-CDX2-TKDP1). Finally, the quotient between the relative expression of SOX2 and OCT4 in the D9 blastocysts from G1 and G2 showed that embryos that were considered as competent (G2) had a quotient close to one, while the other group had a quotient of 2.3 due to a higher expression of SOX2. These results might indicate that overexpression of SOX2 at the blastocyst stage had a negative effect on the control of embryonic developmental potential.
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23
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Braga DPDAF, Melamed RMM, Setti AS, Zanetti BF, Figueira RDCS, Iaconelli A, Borges E. Role of religion, spirituality, and faith in assisted reproduction. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2019; 40:195-201. [PMID: 29873289 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2018.1470163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the patient's faith, religion, and spirituality on the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Materials and methods: Eight hundred and seventy-seven patients received a questionnaire containing information on faith, religiosity, and spirituality and the results of the questionnaires were correlated with ICSI outcomes. Patients stated to be Catholic (n = 476), spiritists (n = 93), Evangelical (n = 118), and other religion (n = 32), and 78 did not identify with any religious group. Results: A significant increase in fertilization, high-quality embryos, and pregnancy rate was found among Spiritists and Evangelicals. Patients who included the infertility diagnosis and treatment in their prayers showed an increased pregnancy rate, and those who reported their faith to be affected by the infertility diagnosis presented a decreased high-quality embryos rate. The high-quality embryos rate was increased among patients who answered that their faith contributed to their decision to undergo infertility treatment. The cycle's cancelation was negatively correlated with the frequency of religious meetings, and the frequency of prayers was positively correlated with the response to ovarian stimulation. Finally, belief in treatment success positively influenced the embryo quality. Conclusion: The findings suggest that spirituality plays a role in adjusting the psychological aspects of an infertile patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Paes de Almeida Ferreira Braga
- a Fertility Medical Group , São Paulo , SP , Brazil.,b Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Assistida , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Souza Setti
- a Fertility Medical Group , São Paulo , SP , Brazil.,b Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Assistida , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Bianca Ferrarini Zanetti
- b Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Assistida , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Assumpto Iaconelli
- a Fertility Medical Group , São Paulo , SP , Brazil.,b Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Assistida , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Edson Borges
- a Fertility Medical Group , São Paulo , SP , Brazil.,b Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Assistida , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
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24
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Ozturk S. The translational functions of embryonic poly(A)‐binding protein during gametogenesis and early embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1548-1560. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saffet Ozturk
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyAkdeniz University School of MedicineAntalya Turkey
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25
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Warrier S, Taelman J, Tilleman L, Van der Jeught M, Duggal G, Lierman S, Popovic M, Van Soom A, Peelman L, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, De Sutter P, Heindryckx B. Transcriptional landscape changes during human embryonic stem cell derivation. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:543-555. [PMID: 30239859 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the transcriptional changes occurring during the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derivation process, from the inner cell mass (ICM) to post-ICM intermediate stage (PICMI) to hESC stage, that have downstream effects on pluripotency states and differentiation? SUMMARY ANSWER We reveal that although the PICMI is transcriptionally similar to the hESC profile and distinct from ICM, it exhibits upregulation of primordial germ cell (PGC) markers, dependence on leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signaling, upregulation of naïve pluripotency-specific signaling networks and appears to be an intermediate switching point from naïve to primed pluripotency. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY It is currently known that the PICMI exhibits markers of early and late-epiblast stage. It is suggested that hESCs acquire primed pluripotency features due to the upregulation of post-implantation genes in the PICMI which renders them predisposed towards differentiation cues. Despite this current knowledge, the transcriptional landscape changes during hESC derivation from ICM to hESC and the effect of PICMI on pluripotent state is still not well defined. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION To gain insight into the signaling mechanisms that may govern the ICM to PICMI to hESC transition, comparative RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was performed on preimplantation ICMs, PICMIs and hESCs in biological and technical triplicates (n = 3). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, AND METHODS Primed hESCs (XX) were maintained in feeder-free culture conditions on Matrigel for two passages and approximately 50 cells were collected in biological and technical triplicates (n = 3). For ICM sample collection, Day 3, frozen-thawed human embryos were cultured up to day five blastocyst stage and only good quality blastocysts were subjected to laser-assisted micromanipulation for ICM collection (n = 3). Next, day six expanded blastocysts were cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblasts and manual dissection was performed on the PICMI outgrowths between post-plating Day 6 and Day 10 (n = 3). Sequencing of these samples was performed on NextSeq500 and statistical analysis was performed using edgeR (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Comparative RNA-seq data analysis revealed that 634 and 560 protein-coding genes were significantly up and downregulated in hESCs compared to ICM (FDR < 0.05), respectively. Upon ICM to PICMI transition, 471 genes were expressed significantly higher in the PICMI compared to ICM, while 296 genes were elevated in the ICM alone (FDR < 0.05). Principle component analysis showed that the ICM was completely distinct from the PICMI and hESCs while the latter two clustered in close proximity to each other. Increased expression of E-CADHERIN1 (CDH1) in ICM and intermediate levels in the PICMI was observed, while CDH2 was higher in hESCs, suggesting a role of extracellular matrix components in facilitating pluripotency transition during hESC derivation. The PICMI also showed regulation of naïve-specific LIF and bone morphogenetic protein signaling, differential regulation of primed pluripotency-specific fibroblast growth factor and NODAL signaling pathway components, upregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway (PI3K/AKT/mTORC), as well as predisposition towards the germ cell lineage, further confirmed by gene ontology analysis. Hence, the data suggest that the PICMI may serve as an intermediate pluripotency stage which, when subjected to an appropriate culture niche, could aid in enhancing naïve hESC derivation and germ cell differentiation efficiency. LARGE-SCALE DATA Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Accession number GSE119378. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Owing to the limitation in sample availability, the sex of ICM and PICMI have not been taken into consideration. Obtaining cells from the ICM and maintaining them in culture is not feasible as it will hamper the formation of PICMI and hESC derivation. Single-cell quantitative real-time PCR on low ICM and PICMI cell numbers, although challenging due to limited availability of human embryos, will be advantageous to further corroborate the RNA-seq data on transcriptional changes during hESC derivation process. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We elucidate the dynamics of transcriptional network changes from the naïve ICM to the intermediate PICMI stage and finally the primed hESC lines. We provide an in-depth understanding of the PICMI and its role in conferring the type of pluripotent state which may have important downstream effects on differentiation, specifically towards the PGC lineage. This knowledge contributes to our limited understanding of the true nature of the human pluripotent state in vitro. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research is supported by the Concerted Research Actions funding from Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds University Ghent (BOF GOA 01G01112).The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Warrier
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Taelman
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Tilleman
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Van der Jeught
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Duggal
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Lierman
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Popovic
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - L Peelman
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Deforce
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S M Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P De Sutter
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Heindryckx
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Hu B, Zheng L, Long C, Song M, Li T, Yang L, Zuo Y. EmExplorer: a database for exploring time activation of gene expression in mammalian embryos. Open Biol 2019; 9:190054. [PMID: 31164042 PMCID: PMC6597754 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding early development offers a striking opportunity to investigate genetic disease, stem cell and assisted reproductive technology. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technology have led to the rising influx of omics data, which have rapidly boosted our understanding of mammalian developmental mechanisms. Here, we review the database EmExplorer (a database for exploring time activation of gene expression in mammalian embryos), which systematically organizes the genes from development-related pathways, and which we have already established and continue to update it. The current version of EmExplorer incorporates over 26 000 genes obtained from 306 functional pathways in five species. The function annotations of development-related genes were also integrated into EmExplorer. To facilitate data extraction, the database also contains the following information. (i) The dynamic expression values for each development stage are matched to the corresponding genes. (ii) A two-layer search tool which supports multi-option searching, such as by official symbol, pathway name and function annotation. The returned entries can directly link to the analysis results for the corresponding gene or pathway in the analysis module. (iii) The analysis module provides different gene comparisons at the multi-species level and functional pathway level, which shows the species specificity and stage specificity at the gene or pathway level. (iv) The analysis based on the hypergeometric distribution test reveals the enrichment of gene functions at a particular stage of one organism's pathway. (v) The browser is designed for users with ambiguous searching goals and greatly helps new users to get a general idea of the contents of the database. (vi) The experimentally validated pathways are manually curated and shown on the home page. EmExplorer will be helpful for elucidating early developmental mechanisms and exploring time activation genes. EmExplorer is freely available at http://bioinfor.imu.edu.cn/emexplorer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosu Hu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot 010070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zheng
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot 010070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshen Long
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot 010070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mingmin Song
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot 010070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- 2 College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- 3 College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University , Harbin 150081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchun Zuo
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot 010070 , People's Republic of China
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27
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Faramarzi A, Khalili MA, Jahromi MG. Is there any correlation between apoptotic genes expression in cumulus cells with embryo morphokinetics? Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3663-3670. [PMID: 31154602 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to assess the correlation between apoptotic genes of cumulus cells (CCs) with embryo morphokinetics as non invasive methods for embryo selection. Evaluation of cleavage activity among in vitro-fertilized embryos was dependent on determining not only expression profiles of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes in CCs surrounding ovulated oocytes but also morphokinetic parameters such as time of second PB extrusion (tPB2), pronuclei appearance (tPN), pronuclei fading (tPNf), formation of two to eight cells (t2-t8) and cleavage pattern [uneven at two cells stage, cell fusion (Fu) and trichomonas mitoses (TM)]. A total of 269 embryos from 90 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were assessed. The data showed that t2 was associated with CCs expression of Bax, Caspase3 Bcl2 and bax/bcl2 (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.04, p = 0.00, respectively). Uneven blastomeres embryo associated with Bax and Caspase3 (p = 0.007, p = 0.000 respectively) as well as Fu and TM embryo significantly correlated to CCs expression of Bax, Caspase3 Bcl2 and bax/bcl2 (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.00, p = 0.00, respectively) (p = 0.006, p = 0.000, p = 0.009, p = 0.0340, respectively). Embryo morphokinetics and cleavage pattern associated with CCs apoptotic gene expression. It seems that embryo selection by morphokinetics assessment using TLM with conjunction in CCs gene expression can improve ART outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Faramarzi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Khalili
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. .,Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Golestan Jahromi
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Central Research Laboratory, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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28
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McCollin A, Swann RL, Summers MC, Handyside AH, Ottolini CS. Abnormal cleavage and developmental arrest of human preimplantation embryos in vitro. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103651. [PMID: 30995534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in culture conditions and laboratory techniques still only about 50% of human embryos reach the blastocyst stage of development in vitro. While many factors influence embryo development, aberrant cleavage divisions have only recently been shown to directly affect the genome in individual cells of human embryos resulting in chromosome loss, mosaicism and cell arrest. In this article we review the current literature in the area of aberrant cleavage in human embryos and its effect on blastocyst development. Further to this, we propose a series of common abnormal cleavage events, with particular attention to timing and frequency, and illustrate how these might influence a number of different embryo fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeo McCollin
- London Women's Clinic, One St Thomas Street, London, SE1 9RY, UK
| | | | - Michael C Summers
- London Women's Clinic, One St Thomas Street, London, SE1 9RY, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Alan H Handyside
- London Women's Clinic, One St Thomas Street, London, SE1 9RY, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Christian S Ottolini
- The Evewell, 61 Harley Street, London, W1G 8QU, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK.
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29
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Vendrell X, Escribà MJ. The model of "genetic compartments": a new insight into reproductive genetics. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:363-369. [PMID: 30421342 PMCID: PMC6439105 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, we are witnessing revolutionary advances in the analytical power of genetic tools. An enormous quantity of data can now be obtained from samples; however, the translation of genetic findings to the general status of individuals, or their offspring, should be done with caution. This is especially relevant in the reproductive context, where the concepts of "transmission" and "inheritability" of a trait are crucial. Against this background, we offer new insight based on a systemic view of genetic constitution in the compartmentalized organism, that is, the human body. This model considers the coexistence of "different" genomes in the same individual and the repercussion of this on reproductive efficacy and offspring. Herein, we review the major differences between somatic, germinal, embryonic, and fetal/placental genomes and their contribution to the next generation and its reproductive efficacy. The major novelty of our approach is the holistic interaction between microsystems within a macrosystem (i.e., the reproductive system). This panoramic model allows us to sketch the future implications of genetic results in function of the origin (compartment) of the sample: peripheral blood or other somatic tissues, gametes, zygotes, preimplantation embryos, fetus, or placenta. We believe this perspective can be of great use in the context of reproductive genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Vendrell
- Reproductive Genetics Unit, Sistemas Genómicos, Parc Tecnològic de Paterna, G. Marconi 6, 46980, València, Spain.
| | - M J Escribà
- IVF Laboratory, IVIRMA-Valencia, Plaça de la Policia Local, 3, 46015, València, Spain
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30
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Understanding the hidden relations between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes in bovine oviduct epithelium using a multilayer response surface method. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3189. [PMID: 30816156 PMCID: PMC6395797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An understanding gene-gene interaction helps users to design the next experiments efficiently and (if applicable) to make a better decision of drugs application based on the different biological conditions of the patients. This study aimed to identify changes in the hidden relationships between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes in the bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOECs) under various experimental conditions using a multilayer response surface method. It was noted that under physiological conditions (BOECs with sperm or sex hormones, such as ovarian sex steroids and LH), the mRNA expressions of IL10, IL1B, TNFA, TLR4, and TNFA were associated with IL1B, TNFA, TLR4, IL4, and IL10, respectively. Under pathophysiological + physiological conditions (BOECs with lipopolysaccharide + hormones, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein + hormones, zearalenone + hormones, or urea + hormones), the relationship among genes was changed. For example, the expression of IL10 and TNFA was associated with (IL1B, TNFA, or IL4) and TLR4 expression, respectively. Furthermore, under physiological conditions, the co-expression of IL10 + TNFA, TLR4 + IL4, TNFA + IL4, TNFA + IL4, or IL10 + IL1B and under pathophysiological + physiological conditions, the co-expression of IL10 + IL4, IL4 + IL10, TNFA + IL10, TNFA + TLR4, or IL10 + IL1B were associated with IL1B, TNFA, TLR4, IL10, or IL4 expression, respectively. Collectively, the relationships between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes can be changed with respect to the presence/absence of toxins, sex hormones, sperm, and co-expression of other gene pairs in BOECs, suggesting that considerable cautions are needed in interpreting the results obtained from such narrowly focused in vitro studies.
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31
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Fuchs Weizman N, Wyse BA, Antes R, Ibarrientos Z, Sangaralingam M, Motamedi G, Kuznyetsov V, Madjunkova S, Librach CL. Towards Improving Embryo Prioritization: Parallel Next Generation Sequencing of DNA and RNA from a Single Trophectoderm Biopsy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2853. [PMID: 30814554 PMCID: PMC6393576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved embryo prioritization is crucial in optimizing the results in assisted reproduction, especially in light of increasing utilization of elective single embryo transfers. Embryo prioritization is currently based on morphological criteria and in some cases incorporates preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). Recent technological advances have enabled parallel genomic and transcriptomic assessment of a single cell. Adding transcriptomic analysis to PGT-A holds promise for better understanding early embryonic development and implantation, and for enhancing available embryo prioritization tools. Our aim was to develop a platform for parallel genomic and transcriptomic sequencing of a single trophectoderm (TE) biopsy, that could later be correlated with clinical outcomes. Twenty-five embryos donated for research were utilized; eight for initial development and optimization of our method, and seventeen to demonstrate clinical safety and reproducibility of this method. Our method achieved 100% concordance for ploidy status with that achieved by the classic PGT-A. All sequencing data exceeded quality control metrics. Transcriptomic sequencing data was sufficient for performing differential expression (DE) analysis. All biopsies expressed specific TE markers, further validating the accuracy of our method. Using PCA, samples clustered in euploid and aneuploid aggregates, highlighting the importance of controlling for ploidy in every transcriptomic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ran Antes
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Clifford L Librach
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Gynecology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kahraman S, Çetinkaya CP, Çetinkaya M, Tüfekçi MA, Ekmekçi CG, Montag M. Is there a correlation between follicle size and gene expression in cumulus cells and is gene expression an indicator of embryo development? Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:69. [PMID: 30031399 PMCID: PMC6054838 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an article published in 2017, we discussed the results of the first part of our study into the morphokinetic development of embryos in relation to follicle diameter and homogeneity of follicular development. Our findings showed that embryos coming from small follicles in heterogeneous cycles had significantly higher rates of arrest or failure to reach blastocyst than embryos coming from large follicles in homogenous cycles. The aim of this further study was to investigate the relationship between follicular size and gene expression of cumulus cells (CCs) and evaluate whether gene expression could be an indicator of embryo development. METHODS This study was based on 2495 COCs from 184 patients. CC expressions of five genes (TNFAIP6, PTGS2, HAS2, PTX3 and GDF9) were studied by generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) regarding follicular size. CC expressions were then separately analysed regarding patient-specific variables (age, BMI, AMH and follicular size) in relation to embryos reaching blastocyst (eRB) or top or good quality blastocysts (TQ + GQ) using GLMMs with logit link. RESULTS Follicular size significantly correlated with the potential of an oocyte to develop into a blastocyst: oocytes developing from large follicles were more than twice as likely to develop into an eRB than oocytes from small follicles (p < 0.001). Gene expression of HAS2 and GDF9 correlated with blastocyst quality when separately evaluated with follicular size and the patient specific variables of age, BMI and AMH. However, no such correlation was found in other gene expressions studied. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that differences in the expression of genes studied could be related to follicular size rather than to embryo quality. Although gene expression of HAS2 and GDF9 correlated with blastocyst quality, the only variable correlating with eRB and TQ and GQ blastocysts for each of these five models was follicular size. TRIAL REGISTRATION This prospective cohort study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02230449).
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Kahraman
- Istanbul Memorial Hospital, Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Reproductive Genetics Centre, Piyale Pasa Bulvari 34385 Okmeydani Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Caroline Pirkevi Çetinkaya
- Istanbul Memorial Hospital, Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Reproductive Genetics Centre, Piyale Pasa Bulvari 34385 Okmeydani Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Çetinkaya
- Istanbul Memorial Hospital, Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Reproductive Genetics Centre, Piyale Pasa Bulvari 34385 Okmeydani Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Tüfekçi
- Istanbul Memorial Hospital, Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Reproductive Genetics Centre, Piyale Pasa Bulvari 34385 Okmeydani Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gökhan Ekmekçi
- Istanbul Memorial Hospital, Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Reproductive Genetics Centre, Piyale Pasa Bulvari 34385 Okmeydani Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Markus Montag
- ilabcomm GmbH, Eisenachstr. 34, 53757, Sankt Augustin, Germany
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Exploring timing activation of functional pathway based on differential co-expression analysis in preimplantation embryogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74120-74131. [PMID: 27705919 PMCID: PMC5342040 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide omics studies have confirmed the early embryogenesis strictly dependent on the rigorous spatiotemporal activation and multilevel regulation. However, the full effect of functional pathway was not considered. To obtain complete understanding of the gene activation during early development, we performed systematic comparisons based on differential co-expression analysis for bovine preimplantation embryo development (PED). The results confirmed that the functional pathways actively transcribes as early as the 2-cell and 4-cell waves, which Basal transcription factor, Endocytosis and Spliceosome pathway can represent first signs of embryonic activity. Endocytosis act as one of master activators for uncovering a series of successive waves of maternal pioneer signal regulator with the help of Spliceosome complex. Furthermore, the results showed that pattern recognition receptors began to perform its essential function at 4-cell stage, which might be needed to coordinate the later major activation. And finally, our work presented a probable dynamic landscape of key functional pathways for embryogenesis. A clearer understanding of early embryo development will be helpful for Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and Regenerative Medicine (RM).
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Zhang M, Qin S, Xu P, Zhang G. Identifying potential maternal genes of Bombyx mori using digital gene expression profiling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192745. [PMID: 29462160 PMCID: PMC5819784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal genes present in mature oocytes play a crucial role in the early development of silkworm. Although maternal genes have been widely studied in many other species, there has been limited research in Bombyx mori. High-throughput next generation sequencing provides a practical method for gene discovery on a genome-wide level. Herein, a transcriptome study was used to identify maternal-related genes from silkworm eggs. Unfertilized eggs from five different stages of early development were used to detect the changing situation of gene expression. The expressed genes showed different patterns over time. Seventy-six maternal genes were annotated according to homology analysis with Drosophila melanogaster. More than half of the differentially expressed maternal genes fell into four expression patterns, while the expression patterns showed a downward trend over time. The functional annotation of these material genes was mainly related to transcription factor activity, growth factor activity, nucleic acid binding, RNA binding, ATP binding, and ion binding. Additionally, twenty-two gene clusters including maternal genes were identified from 18 scaffolds. Altogether, we plotted a profile for the maternal genes of Bombyx mori using a digital gene expression profiling method. This will provide the basis for maternal-specific signature research and improve the understanding of the early development of silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang Jiangsu, China
- Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Qin
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang Jiangsu, China
- Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang Jiangsu, China
| | - Pingzhen Xu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang Jiangsu, China
- Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang Jiangsu, China
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang Jiangsu, China
- Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Differential long non-coding RNA expression profiles in human oocytes and cumulus cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2202. [PMID: 29396444 PMCID: PMC5797088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in assisted reproductive technologies strongly relies on understanding the regulation of the dialogue between oocyte and cumulus cells (CCs). Little is known about the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the human cumulus-oocyte complex (COC). To this aim, publicly available RNA-sequencing data were analyzed to identify lncRNAs that were abundant in metaphase II (MII) oocytes (BCAR4, C3orf56, TUNAR, OOEP-AS1, CASC18, and LINC01118) and CCs (NEAT1, MALAT1, ANXA2P2, MEG3, IL6STP1, and VIM-AS1). These data were validated by RT-qPCR analysis using independent oocytes and CC samples. The functions of the identified lncRNAs were then predicted by constructing lncRNA-mRNA co-expression networks. This analysis suggested that MII oocyte lncRNAs could be involved in chromatin remodeling, cell pluripotency and in driving early embryonic development. CC lncRNAs were co-expressed with genes involved in apoptosis and extracellular matrix-related functions. A bioinformatic analysis of RNA-sequencing data to identify CC lncRNAs that are affected by maternal age showed that lncRNAs with age-related altered expression in CCs are essential for oocyte growth. This comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs expressed in human MII oocytes and CCs could provide biomarkers of oocyte quality for the development of non-invasive tests to identify embryos with high developmental potential.
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Tšuiko O, Jatsenko T, Parameswaran Grace LK, Kurg A, Vermeesch JR, Lanner F, Altmäe S, Salumets A. A speculative outlook on embryonic aneuploidy: Can molecular pathways be involved? Dev Biol 2018; 447:3-13. [PMID: 29391166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The journey of embryonic development starts at oocyte fertilization, which triggers a complex cascade of events and cellular pathways that guide early embryogenesis. Recent technological advances have greatly expanded our knowledge of cleavage-stage embryo development, which is characterized by an increased rate of whole-chromosome losses and gains, mixoploidy, and atypical cleavage morphokinetics. Embryonic aneuploidy significantly contributes to implantation failure, spontaneous miscarriage, stillbirth or congenital birth defects in both natural and assisted human reproduction. Essentially, early embryo development is strongly determined by maternal factors. Owing to considerable limitations associated with human oocyte and embryo research, the use of animal models is inevitable. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms driving the error-prone early stages of development are still poorly described. In this review, we describe known events that lead to aneuploidy in mammalian oocytes and preimplantation embryos. As the processes of oocyte and embryo development are rigorously regulated by multiple signal-transduction pathways, we explore the putative role of signaling pathways in genomic integrity maintenance. Based on the existing evidence from human and animal data, we investigate whether critical early developmental pathways, like Wnt, Hippo and MAPK, together with distinct DNA damage response and DNA repair pathways can be associated with embryo genomic instability, a question that has, so far, remained largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tšuiko
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Bio- and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu 50410, Estonia
| | | | - Lalit Kumar Parameswaran Grace
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Ants Kurg
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Joris Robert Vermeesch
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Fredrik Lanner
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu 50410, Estonia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Andres Salumets
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Bio- and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu 50410, Estonia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
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Improvement of pregnancy outcome by extending embryo culture in IVF-ET during clinical application. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 35:321-329. [PMID: 29124461 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-1065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the application value of the extended embryo culture for 7-8 h in day 3 morning during IVF-ET process. METHODS Embryos were retrospectively assessed during 08:00-09:00 on the morning of day 3 in the control group, and were assessed once again at 16:00 in the afternoon in the extended culture (EC) group. The embryos with good developmental potential were preferentially selected to transfer. The cumulative pregnancy outcomes were analyzed in one oocyte retrieval cycle. RESULTS Similar proportions were found in the rates of cumulative clinical pregnancy, cumulative live birth, and the perinatal/neonatal outcomes per oocyte retrieval cycle (P > 0.05). But higher total clinical pregnancy rate, higher total implantation rate, and lower total abortion rate were obtained in the EC group (P < 0.05). After EC, 53.58% of the embryos were able to continue to develop. The transferred embryos were mainly composed of ≥ 8-cell embryos (75.90%) in the EC group and ≤ 8-cell embryos (82.92%) in the control group. Interestingly, the implantation rates were increasingly improved with the increasing blastomere number up to 56.31% at the morula stage in the EC group, while they were limited to 32.33% at 8-cell stage in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The extended culture of day 3 embryos for 7-8 h not only reduced the risk of IVF-ET treatment compared to blastocyst culture through another 2-3 days, but also improved the clinical outcomes and the efficiency of every transferred cycle and every transferred embryo.
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38
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Zhang YL, Zhang GM, Jia RX, Wan YJ, Yang H, Sun LW, Han L, Wang F. Non-invasive assessment of culture media from goat cloned embryos associated with subjective morphology by gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy-based metabolomic analysis. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:31-41. [PMID: 28833899 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pre-implantation embryo metabolism demonstrates distinctive characteristics associated with the development potential of embryos. We aim to determine if metabolic differences correlate with embryo morphology. In this study, gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy (GC-MS)-based metabolomics was used to assess the culture media of goat cloned embryos collected from high-quality (HQ) and low-quality (LQ) groups based on morphology. Expression levels of amino acid transport genes were further examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Results showed that the HQ group presented higher percentages of blastocysts compared with the LQ counterparts (P < 0.05). Metabolic differences were also present between HQ and LQ groups. The culture media of the HQ group showed lower levels of valin, lysine, glutamine, mannose and acetol, and higher levels of glucose, phytosphingosine and phosphate than those of the LQ group. Additionally, expression levels of amino acid transport genes SLC1A5 and SLC3A2 were significantly lower in the HQ group than the LQ group (P < 0.05, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first report which uses GC-MS to detect metabolic differences in goat cloned embryo culture media. The biochemical profiles may help to select the most in vitro viable embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Min Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruo-Xin Jia
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Jie Wan
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Wei Sun
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Han
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Outcomes and Recommendations of an Indian Expert Panel for Improved Practice in Controlled Ovarian Stimulation for Assisted Reproductive Technology. Int J Reprod Med 2017; 2017:9451235. [PMID: 28246628 PMCID: PMC5299198 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9451235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To improve success of in vitro fertilization (IVF), assisted reproductive technology (ART) experts addressed four questions. What is optimum oocytes number leading to highest live birth rate (LBR)? Are cohort size and embryo quality correlated? Does gonadotropin type affect oocyte yield? Should “freeze-all” policy be adopted in cycles with progesterone >1.5 ng/mL on day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration? Methods. Electronic database search included ten studies on which panel gave opinions for improving current practice in controlled ovarian stimulation for ART. Results. Strong association existed between retrieved oocytes number (RON) and LBRs. RON impacted likelihood of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Embryo euploidy decreased with age, not with cohort size. Progesterone > 1.5 ng/dL did not impair cycle outcomes in patients with high cohorts and showed disparate results on day of hCG administration. Conclusions. Ovarian stimulation should be designed to retrieve 10–15 oocytes/treatment. Accurate dosage, gonadotropin type, should be selected as per prediction markers of ovarian response. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist based protocols are advised to avoid OHSS. Cumulative pregnancy rate was most relevant pregnancy endpoint in ART. Cycles with serum progesterone ≥1.5 ng/dL on day of hCG administration should not adopt “freeze-all” policy. Further research is needed due to lack of data availability on progesterone threshold or index.
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40
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Kirkegaard K, Dyrlund TF, Ingerslev HJ. Clinical Application of Methods to Select In VitroFertilized Embryos. Hum Reprod 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118849613.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Kirkegaard
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Thomas F. Dyrlund
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
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Parvez S, Long MJC, Lin HY, Zhao Y, Haegele JA, Pham VN, Lee DK, Aye Y. T-REX on-demand redox targeting in live cells. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:2328-2356. [PMID: 27809314 PMCID: PMC5260244 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This protocol describes targetable reactive electrophiles and oxidants (T-REX)-a live-cell-based tool designed to (i) interrogate the consequences of specific and time-resolved redox events, and (ii) screen for bona fide redox-sensor targets. A small-molecule toolset comprising photocaged precursors to specific reactive redox signals is constructed such that these inert precursors specifically and irreversibly tag any HaloTag-fused protein of interest (POI) in mammalian and Escherichia coli cells. Syntheses of the alkyne-functionalized endogenous reactive signal 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE(alkyne)) and the HaloTag-targetable photocaged precursor to HNE(alkyne) (also known as Ht-PreHNE or HtPHA) are described. Low-energy light prompts photo-uncaging (t1/2 <1-2 min) and target-specific modification. The targeted modification of the POI enables precisely timed and spatially controlled redox events with no off-target modification. Two independent pathways are described, along with a simple setup to functionally validate known targets or discover novel sensors. T-REX sidesteps mixed responses caused by uncontrolled whole-cell swamping with reactive signals. Modification and downstream response can be analyzed by in-gel fluorescence, proteomics, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based and dual-luciferase reporters, or flow cytometry assays. T-REX targeting takes 4 h from initial probe treatment. Analysis of targeted redox responses takes an additional 4-24 h, depending on the nature of the pathway and the type of readouts used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Marcus J C Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hong-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Joseph A Haegele
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Vanha N Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Dustin K Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Borges E, Braga DPAF, Setti AS, Montanni DA, Cabral EC, Eberlin MN, Turco EGL, Iaconelli A. Non-invasive prediction of blastocyst implantation, ongoing pregnancy and live birth, by mass spectrometry lipid fingerprinting. JBRA Assist Reprod 2016; 20:227-231. [PMID: 28050958 PMCID: PMC5265622 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20160044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify lipid markers of blastocyst implantation and ongoing pregnancy by
day three culture medium mass spectrometry (MS) fingerprinting. Methods For this study, 33 culture media samples were harvested on day three, from 22
patients undergoing day five embryo transfers. All embryos achieved the
blastocyst stage and were split into groups based on their implantation
(Negative Implantation, n= 14 and Positive Implantation, n= 19). The
positive implantation cycles resulted in successful ongoing pregnancies. The
lipid extraction was performed by the Bligh-Dyer protocol and mass spectra
were obtained with a direct infusion into a Q-Tof mass spectrometer. The
data obtained was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial
Least Square Discrimination Analysis (PLS-DA). The statistical analysis was
performed using the Metabo-Analyst 2.0. Results The variable importance in the projection (VIP) plot of the PLS-DA provided a
list of four ions, in the positive mode, with an area under the curve (AUC)
of 73.5%; and eight ions, in the negative mode, with and AUC of 72.0%. For
both positive and negative modes, possible biomarkers for the negative
implantation were identified by the lipidmaps: phosphoethanolamine,
dicarboxylic acids, glycerophosphoglycerol, glycerophosphocholine,
glicerophosphoinositol, phosphoethanolamine and unsaturated fat acids. The
other ions were not identified. These lipids are involved in the GPI anchor
biosynthesis and synthesis of lycerophospholipids and phosphate
inositol. Conclusion MS fingerprinting is useful to identify blastocysts that fail to implant, and
therefore this technique could be incorporated into the laboratory routine,
adjunct to morphology evaluation to identify embryos that should not be
transferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Borges
- Fertility Medical Group - São Paulo/SP - Brazil.,Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Assistida - São Paulo/SP - Brazil
| | - Daniela P A F Braga
- Fertility Medical Group - São Paulo/SP - Brazil.,Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Assistida - São Paulo/SP - Brazil.,Disciplina de Urologia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Setor de Reprodução Humana - UNIFESP/SP - Brazil
| | - Amanda Souza Setti
- Fertility Medical Group - São Paulo/SP - Brazil.,Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Assistida - São Paulo/SP - Brazil
| | - Daniela A Montanni
- Disciplina de Urologia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Setor de Reprodução Humana - UNIFESP/SP - Brazil
| | | | - Marcos N Eberlin
- Laboratório ThoMSon de Espectrometria de Massas - Instituto de Química - UNICAMP
| | - Edson G Lo Turco
- Disciplina de Urologia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Setor de Reprodução Humana - UNIFESP/SP - Brazil
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Freour T, Vassena R. Transcriptomics analysis and human preimplantation development. J Proteomics 2016; 162:135-140. [PMID: 27765633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study of oocyte and preimplantation embryo biology has been regarded with great curiosity throughout scientific history, but it is not until the development of robust methods for in vitro observation and manipulation of animal gametes that developmental biology has flourished as a discipline. By far the biggest technical challenge in studying transcription in oocytes and early embryo has been the necessity of developing techniques that retain a high level of accuracy when starting from small amount of material. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize the knowledge gained about the embryonic preimplantation period in the human species from transcriptomics experiments, and to discuss technical limitations and solutions to the study of transcriptomics in these samples. SIGNIFICANCE In this review we identify key critical issues in performing transcriptomics experiments during the human preimplantation period, and identifying possible ways to overcome them. This, combined with a description of clinical perspectives and the definition of future avenues for research will provide useful for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Freour
- Clinica EUGIN, Barcelona, Spain; Service de médecine et biologie de la reproduction, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France; Faculté de médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; INSERM UMR1064, Nantes, France
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Bouckenheimer J, Assou S, Riquier S, Hou C, Philippe N, Sansac C, Lavabre-Bertrand T, Commes T, Lemaître JM, Boureux A, De Vos J. Long non-coding RNAs in human early embryonic development and their potential in ART. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 23:19-40. [PMID: 27655590 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an emerging category of transcripts with increasingly documented functional roles during development. LncRNAs and roles during human early embryo development have recently begun to be unravelled. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review summarizes the most recent knowledge on lncRNAs and focuses on their expression patterns and role during early human embryo development and in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Public mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) data were used to illustrate these expression signatures. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed and EMBASE databases were first interrogated using specific terms, such as 'lncRNAs', to get an extensive overview on lncRNAs up to February 2016, and then using 'human lncRNAs' and 'embryo', 'development', or 'PSCs' to focus on lncRNAs involved in human embryo development or in PSC.Recently published RNA-seq data from human oocytes and pre-implantation embryos (including single-cell data), PSC and a panel of normal and malignant adult tissues were used to describe the specific expression patterns of some lncRNAs in early human embryos. OUTCOMES The existence and the crucial role of lncRNAs in many important biological phenomena in each branch of the life tree are now well documented. The number of identified lncRNAs is rapidly increasing and has already outnumbered that of protein-coding genes. Unlike small non-coding RNAs, a variety of mechanisms of action have been proposed for lncRNAs. The functional role of lncRNAs has been demonstrated in many biological and developmental processes, including cell pluripotency induction, X-inactivation or gene imprinting. Analysis of RNA-seq data highlights that lncRNA abundance changes significantly during human early embryonic development. This suggests that lncRNAs could represent candidate biomarkers for developing non-invasive tests for oocyte or embryo quality. Finally, some of these lncRNAs are also expressed in human cancer tissues, suggesting that reactivation of an embryonic lncRNA program may contribute to human malignancies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS LncRNAs are emerging potential key players in gene expression regulation. Analysis of RNA-seq data from human pre-implantation embryos identified lncRNA signatures that are specific to this critical step. We anticipate that further studies will show that these new transcripts are major regulators of embryo development. These findings might also be used to develop new tests/treatments for improving the pregnancy success rate in IVF procedures or for regenerative medicine applications involving PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bouckenheimer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, CHU Montpellier, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier F 34000, France.,INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F 34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier F 34000, France
| | - Said Assou
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, CHU Montpellier, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier F 34000, France.,INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F 34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier F 34000, France
| | - Sébastien Riquier
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, CHU Montpellier, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier F 34000, France.,INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F 34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier F 34000, France
| | - Cyrielle Hou
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, CHU Montpellier, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier F 34000, France.,INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F 34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier F 34000, France
| | - Nicolas Philippe
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, CHU Montpellier, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier F 34000, France.,INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F 34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier F 34000, France.,Coretec, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Sansac
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, CHU Montpellier, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier F 34000, France.,INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F 34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier F 34000, France
| | | | - Thérèse Commes
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, CHU Montpellier, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier F 34000, France.,INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F 34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier F 34000, France.,Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, Montpellier F 34000, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lemaître
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, CHU Montpellier, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier F 34000, France .,INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F 34000, France.,Stem Cell Core Facility SAFE-iPSC, INGESTEM, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier F 34000, France
| | - Anthony Boureux
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, CHU Montpellier, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier F 34000, France.,INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F 34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier F 34000, France
| | - John De Vos
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, CHU Montpellier, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier F 34000, France .,INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F 34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier F 34000, France.,Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, Montpellier F 34000, France.,Stem Cell Core Facility SAFE-iPSC, INGESTEM, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier F 34000, France.,Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, CHU Montpellier, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier F 34000, France
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Braga DPAF, Setti AS, Lo Turco EG, Cordeiro FB, Cabral EC, Cortezzi SS, Ono E, Figueira RCS, Eberlin MN, Borges E. Protein expression in human cumulus cells as an indicator of blastocyst formation and pregnancy success. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:1571-1583. [PMID: 27614633 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal for the present study was to implement a technique for protein extraction and identification in human cumulus cells (CCs). METHODS Forty samples of CCs were collected after ovum pick-up from patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Samples were split into the blastocyst group (n = 10), including patients in which all embryos converted into blastocysts, and the non-blastocyst group (n = 10), including patients in which none of the embryos reached the blastocyst stage or the positive-pregnancy (n = 10) and negative-pregnancy group (n = 10). Proteins were extracted and injected into a liquid chromatography system coupled to a mass spectrometer. The spectra were processed and used to search a database. RESULTS There were 87 different proteins in samples from the blastocyst and non-blastocyst groups, in which 30 were exclusively expressed in the blastocyst group and 17 in the non-blastocyst group. Among the 72 proteins detected in the pregnancy groups, 19 were exclusively expressed in the positive, and 16 were exclusively expressed in the negative-pregnancy group. CONCLUSIONS CC proteomics may be useful for predicting pregnancy success and the identification of patients that should be included in extended embryo culture programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Paes Almeida Ferreira Braga
- Fertility Medical Group, Av. Brigadeiro Luis Antônio, 4545, São Paulo, SP, 01401-002, Brazil.,Disciplina de Urologia, Área de Reprodução Humana, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Rua Embaú, 231, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil.,Instituto Sapientiae-Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, Rua Vieira Maciel, 62, São Paulo, SP, 04503-040, Brazil
| | - Amanda Souza Setti
- Fertility Medical Group, Av. Brigadeiro Luis Antônio, 4545, São Paulo, SP, 01401-002, Brazil.,Instituto Sapientiae-Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, Rua Vieira Maciel, 62, São Paulo, SP, 04503-040, Brazil
| | - Edson Guimarães Lo Turco
- Disciplina de Urologia, Área de Reprodução Humana, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Rua Embaú, 231, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bertuccez Cordeiro
- Disciplina de Urologia, Área de Reprodução Humana, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Rua Embaú, 231, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Cabral
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agronômicas (CPQBA)-Universidade de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Sanches Cortezzi
- Instituto Sapientiae-Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, Rua Vieira Maciel, 62, São Paulo, SP, 04503-040, Brazil
| | - Erika Ono
- Instituto Sapientiae-Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, Rua Vieira Maciel, 62, São Paulo, SP, 04503-040, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- Laboratório ThoMSon de Espectrometria de Massas-Instituto de Química, Universidade de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Edson Borges
- Fertility Medical Group, Av. Brigadeiro Luis Antônio, 4545, São Paulo, SP, 01401-002, Brazil. .,Disciplina de Urologia, Área de Reprodução Humana, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Rua Embaú, 231, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil.
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Devjak R, Burnik Papler T, Verdenik I, Fon Tacer K, Vrtačnik Bokal E. Embryo quality predictive models based on cumulus cells gene expression. Balkan J Med Genet 2016; 19:5-12. [PMID: 27785402 PMCID: PMC5026274 DOI: 10.1515/bjmg-2016-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in clinical practice of infertility treatment, the indicators for high quality embryos were investigated. Cumulus cells (CC) have a specific gene expression profile according to the developmental potential of the oocyte they are surrounding, and therefore, specific gene expression could be used as a biomarker. The aim of our study was to combine more than one biomarker to observe improvement in prediction value of embryo development. In this study, 58 CC samples from 17 IVF patients were analyzed. This study was approved by the Republic of Slovenia National Medical Ethics Committee. Gene expression analysis [quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)] for five genes, analyzed according to embryo quality level, was performed. Two prediction models were tested for embryo quality prediction: a binary logistic and a decision tree model. As the main outcome, gene expression levels for five genes were taken and the area under the curve (AUC) for two prediction models were calculated. Among tested genes, AMHR2 and LIF showed significant expression difference between high quality and low quality embryos. These two genes were used for the construction of two prediction models: the binary logistic model yielded an AUC of 0.72 ± 0.08 and the decision tree model yielded an AUC of 0.73 ± 0.03. Two different prediction models yielded similar predictive power to differentiate high and low quality embryos. In terms of eventual clinical decision making, the decision tree model resulted in easy-to-interpret rules that are highly applicable in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Devjak
- Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - T Burnik Papler
- Reproductive Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - I Verdenik
- Reproductive Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - K Fon Tacer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - E Vrtačnik Bokal
- Reproductive Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Xu J, Feng L, Han Z, Li Y, Wu A, Shao T, Ding N, Li L, Deng W, Di X, Wang J, Zhang L, Li X, Zhang K, Cheng S. Extensive ceRNA-ceRNA interaction networks mediated by miRNAs regulate development in multiple rhesus tissues. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:9438-9451. [PMID: 27365046 PMCID: PMC5100587 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between RNAs mediated by shared microRNAs (miRNAs) represents a novel layer of gene regulation, which plays important roles in development. In this study, we analyzed time series expression data for coding genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to identify thousands of interactions among competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in four rhesus tissues. The ceRNAs exhibited dynamic expression and regulatory patterns during each tissue development process, which suggests that ceRNAs might work synergistically during different developmental stages or tissues to control specific functions. In addition, lncRNAs exhibit higher specificity as ceRNAs than coding-genes and their functions were predicted based on their competitive coding-gene partners to discover their important developmental roles. In addition to the specificity of tissue development, functional analyses demonstrated that the combined effects of multiple ceRNAs can have major impacts on general developmental and metabolic processes in multiple tissues, especially transcription-related functions where competitive interactions. Moreover, ceRNA interactions could sequentially and/or synergistically mediate the crosstalk among different signaling pathways during brain development. Analyzing ceRNA interactions during the development of multiple tissues will provideinsights in the regulation of normal development and the dysregulation of key mechanisms during pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Aetiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Hospital, Peking UnionMedical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zujing Han
- BGI Tech Solutions Co., Ltd., Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Aiwei Wu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Tingting Shao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Na Ding
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lili Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 10021, China
| | - Xuebing Di
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Aetiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Hospital, Peking UnionMedical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI Tech Solutions Co., Ltd., Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 10021, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Kaitai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Aetiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Hospital, Peking UnionMedical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shujun Cheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150081, China .,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Aetiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Hospital, Peking UnionMedical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
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Yang A, Zhou Z, Pan Y, Jiang J, Dong Y, Guan X, Sun H, Gao S, Chen Z. RNA sequencing analysis to capture the transcriptome landscape during skin ulceration syndrome progression in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:459. [PMID: 27296384 PMCID: PMC4906609 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is an important economic species in China, which is affected by various diseases; skin ulceration syndrome (SUS) is the most serious. In this study, we characterized the transcriptomes in A. japonicus challenged with Vibrio splendidus to elucidate the changes in gene expression throughout the three stages of SUS progression. Results RNA sequencing of 21 cDNA libraries from various tissues and developmental stages of SUS-affected A. japonicus yielded 553 million raw reads, of which 542 million high-quality reads were generated by deep-sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform. The reference transcriptome comprised a combination of the Illumina reads, 454 sequencing data and Sanger sequences obtained from the public database to generate 93,163 unigenes (average length, 1,052 bp; N50 = 1,575 bp); 33,860 were annotated. Transcriptome comparisons between healthy and SUS-affected A. japonicus revealed greater differences in gene expression profiles in the body walls (BW) than in the intestines (Int), respiratory trees (RT) and coelomocytes (C). Clustering of expression models revealed stable up-regulation as the main pattern occurring in the BW throughout the three stages of SUS progression. Significantly affected pathways were associated with signal transduction, immune system, cellular processes, development and metabolism. Ninety-two differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were divided into four functional categories: attachment/pathogen recognition (17), inflammatory reactions (38), oxidative stress response (7) and apoptosis (30). Using quantitative real-time PCR, twenty representative DEGs were selected to validate the sequencing results. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) of the 20 DEGs ranged from 0.811 to 0.999, which confirmed the consistency and accuracy between these two approaches. Conclusions Dynamic changes in global gene expression occur during SUS progression in A. japonicus. Elucidation of these changes is important in clarifying the molecular mechanisms associated with the development of SUS in sea cucumber. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2810-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifu Yang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Zunchun Zhou
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Yongjia Pan
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Ying Dong
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Sun
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Shan Gao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, Peoples' Republic of China
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Munch EM, Sparks AE, Gonzalez Bosquet J, Christenson LK, Devor EJ, Van Voorhis BJ. Differentially expressed genes in preimplantation human embryos: potential candidate genes for blastocyst formation and implantation. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:1017-25. [PMID: 27241529 PMCID: PMC4974233 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to determine which genes and gene pathways are differentially expressed when comparing human blastocysts with cleavage-stage embryos. Methods We individually assessed gene expression in preimplantation human embryos at cleavage (n = 3) and blastocyst (n = 3) stages. Gene expression patterns were then validated in publically available datasets and then independently validated in vitro with additional human embryos using TaqMan gene expression assays. Immunolocalization studies were conducted to identify protein expression in intact blastocyst-stage embryos. Results Compared to cleavage-stage embryos, blastocyst-stage embryos differentially expressed 51 genes (p < 0.001), with overrepresentation in amoebiasis pathways and pathways in cancer. Of these 51 genes, 21 were found to be independently validated in a separate, publically available dataset, with a substantial agreement with our initial findings (κ = 0.8). In an independent set of cleavage- and blastocyst-stage embryos, we validated that six of eight tested genes were differentially expressed (p < 0.05) by RT-qPCR. Immunofluorescence studies documented the presence of two studied proteins in the trophectoderm of blastocyst-stage embryos. Conclusions Differentially expressed genes may be implicated in the invasion and proliferation of the early embryo. Our research highlights specific genes that may be further studied for their role in the implantation process and additionally raises questions about localized gene and/or protein expression in the trophectoderm, which could affect protocols for, and interpretation of, trophectoderm biopsies performed in in vitro fertilization cycles. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10815-016-0745-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Munch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, PFP 31330, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Amy E Sparks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, PFP 31330, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jesus Gonzalez Bosquet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, PFP 31330, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Lane K Christenson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Eric J Devor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, PFP 31330, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bradley J Van Voorhis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, PFP 31330, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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Escribá MJ, Escrich L, Galiana Y, Grau N, Galán A, Pellicer A. Kinetics of the early development of uniparental human haploid embryos. Fertil Steril 2016; 105:1360-1368.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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