1
|
Prentice RL. Intake Biomarkers for Nutrition and Health: Review and Discussion of Methodology Issues. Metabolites 2024; 14:276. [PMID: 38786753 PMCID: PMC11123464 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics profiles from blood, urine, or other body fluids have the potential to assess intakes of foods and nutrients objectively, thereby strengthening nutritional epidemiology research. Metabolomics platforms may include targeted components that estimate the relative concentrations for individual metabolites in a predetermined set, or global components, typically involving mass spectrometry, that estimate relative concentrations more broadly. While a specific metabolite concentration usually correlates with the intake of a single food or food group, multiple metabolites may be correlated with the intake of certain foods or with specific nutrient intakes, each of which may be expressed in absolute terms or relative to total energy intake. Here, I briefly review the progress over the past 20 years on the development and application intake biomarkers for foods/food groups, nutrients, and dietary patterns, primarily by drawing from several recent reviews. In doing so, I emphasize the criteria and study designs for candidate biomarker identification, biomarker validation, and intake biomarker application. The use of intake biomarkers for diet and chronic disease association studies is still infrequent in nutritional epidemiology research. My comments here will derive primarily from our research group's recent contributions to the Women's Health Initiative cohorts. I will complete the contribution by describing some opportunities to build on the collective 20 years of effort, including opportunities related to the metabolomics profiling of blood and urine specimens from human feeding studies that approximate habitual diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hyun T, Choi MK, Heo YR, Ro H, Han YH, Lee YK. Comparison between 24-hour diet recall and 24-hour urine collection for estimating sodium and potassium intakes and their ratio among Korean adults. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:284-296. [PMID: 37009144 PMCID: PMC10042712 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.2.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare 24-h diet recall (DR) and 24-h urine collection (UC) for estimating sodium and potassium intakes and their ratio (Na/K), identifying factors associated with sodium and potassium intakes and Na/K, and identifying those who were likely to underestimate sodium and potassium intakes by DR. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 640 healthy adults aged 19-69 yrs completed a questionnaire survey, salty taste assessment, anthropometric measurement, two 24-h DRs, and two 24-h UCs. RESULTS The mean sodium and potassium intakes and Na/K were 3,755 mg/d, 2,737 mg/d, and 1.45 according to DR, and 4,145 mg/d, 2,812 mg/d, and 1.57 according to UC, with percentage differences of -9.4%, -2.7%, and -7.6% in the values between the two methods, respectively. Men, older adults, smokers, obese individuals, those who consumed all the liquid in the soup, and those who were found to be salty in the salty taste assessment consumed significantly more sodium; older adults, the heavy- activity group, and obese individuals consumed more potassium; and men, younger adults, smokers, and obese individuals had a significantly higher Na/K, according to UC. Compared with UC, DR was more likely to underestimate sodium intake in older adults, smokers, obese individuals, those who consumed all the liquid in the soup, and those who consumed eating-out/delivery food at least once a day, and potassium intake in older adults, the heavy-activity group, and obese individuals. CONCLUSIONS The mean sodium and potassium intakes and Na/K estimated by DR were comparable to those measured by UC. However, the association of sodium and potassium intakes with sociodemographic and health-related factors showed inconsistent results when estimated by DR and UC. Factors influencing the underestimation of sodium intake by DR compared to UC should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisun Hyun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Young-Ran Heo
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Heekyong Ro
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yeon-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Steele EM, O'Connor LE, Juul F, Khandpur N, Galastri Baraldi L, Monteiro CA, Parekh N, Herrick KA. Identifying and Estimating Ultraprocessed Food Intake in the US NHANES According to the Nova Classification System of Food Processing. J Nutr 2023; 153:225-241. [PMID: 36913457 PMCID: PMC10127522 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The degree of food processing may be an important dimension of diet in how it relates to health outcomes. A major challenge is standardizing food processing classification systems for commonly used datasets. OBJECTIVES To standardize and increase transparency in its application, we describe the approach used to classify foods and beverages according to the Nova food processing classification in the 24-h dietary recalls from the 2001-2018 cycles of What We Eat in America (WWEIA), NHANES, and investigate variability and potential for Nova misclassification within WWEIA, NHANES 2017-2018 data via various sensitivity analyses. METHODS First, we described how the Nova classification system was applied to the 2001-2018 WWEIA, NHANES data using the reference approach. Second, we calculated the percentage energy from Nova groups [1: unprocessed or minimally processed foods, 2: processed culinary ingredients, 3: processed foods, and 4: ultraprocessed foods (UPFs)] for the reference approach using day 1 dietary recall data from non-breastfed participants aged ≥1 y from the 2017-2018 WWEIA, NHANES. We then conducted 4 sensitivity analyses comparing potential alternative approaches (e.g., opting for more vs. less degree of processing for ambiguous items) to the reference approach, to assess how estimates differed. RESULTS The energy contribution of UPFs using the reference approach was 58.2% ± 0.9% of the total energy; unprocessed or minimally processed foods contributed 27.6% ± 0.7%, processed culinary ingredients contributed 5.2% ± 0.1%, and processed foods contributed 9.0% ± 0.3%. In sensitivity analyses, the dietary energy contribution of UPFs ranged from 53.4% ± 0.8% to 60.1% ± 0.8% across alternative approaches. CONCLUSIONS We present a reference approach for applying the Nova classification system to WWEIA, NHANES 2001-2018 data to promote standardization and comparability of future research. Alternative approaches are also described, with total energy from UPFs differing by ∼6% between approaches for 2017-2018 WWEIA, NHANES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eurídice Martínez Steele
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lauren E O'Connor
- Risk Factor Assessment Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Filippa Juul
- Department of Public Health Policy and Management, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neha Khandpur
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Larissa Galastri Baraldi
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Food Studies and Research (NEPA), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Monteiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niyati Parekh
- Public Health Nutrition Program, School of Global Public health, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Rory Meyers School of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten A Herrick
- Risk Factor Assessment Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gkiouras K, Choleva ME, Verrou A, Goulis DG, Bogdanos DP, Grammatikopoulou MG. A Meta-Epidemiological Study of Positive Results in Clinical Nutrition Research: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly of Statistically Significant Findings. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235164. [PMID: 36501193 PMCID: PMC9738552 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive (statistically significant) findings are easily produced in nutrition research when specific aspects of the research design and analysis are not accounted for. To address this issue, recently, a pledge was made to reform nutrition research and improve scientific trust on the science, encompass research transparency and achieve reproducibility. The aim of the present meta-epidemiological study was to evaluate the statistical significance status of research items published in three academic journals, all with a focus on clinical nutrition science and assessing certain methodological/transparency issues. All research items were published between the years 2015 and 2019. Study design, primary and secondary findings, sample size and age group, funding sources, positivist findings, the existence of a published research protocol and the adjustment of nutrients/dietary indexes to the energy intake (EI) of participants, were extracted for each study. Out of 2127 studies in total, those with positive findings consisted of the majority, in all three journals. Most studies had a published research protocol, however, this was mainly due to the randomized controlled trials and not to the evidence-synthesis studies. No differences were found in the distribution of positive findings according to the existence/inexistence of a published research protocol. In the pooled sample of studies, positive findings differed according to study design and more significant findings were reported by researchers failing to report any funding source. The majority of items published in the three journals (65.9%) failed to account for the EI of participants. The present results indicate that there is still room for the improvement of nutrition research in terms of design, analyses and reporting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Gkiouras
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleftheria Choleva
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Verrou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G. Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
R Cardoso B, Machado P, Steele EM. Association between ultra-processed food consumption and cognitive performance in US older adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES 2011-2014. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3975-3985. [PMID: 35778619 PMCID: PMC9596521 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and cognitive performance among older US adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study assessed 3632 participants aged 60+ years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-14. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), Word Learning test, Animal Fluency test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Dietary intake was assessed using two 24-h diet recalls. Food items were classified according to the NOVA system, a classification based on the nature, extent, and purpose of industrial food processing. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association of dietary share of UPF (% of daily energy intake) (categorized as tertiles) and cognitive test scores, adjusting for socio-demographic variables, physical activity, smoking status, and chronic diseases (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and depression). Models excluding participants with pre-existing diseases were carried out to address potential reverse causality. RESULTS On average, UPF accounted for 53% of total energy intake, ranging from 33 to 70% across extreme tertiles. Inverted U-shape association between UPF consumption and Animal fluency and DSST was observed. No significant associations were observed between the UPF intake tertiles and the cognitive test results. Nonetheless, UPF consumption was significantly associated with worse performance in Animal Fluency in older adults without pre-existing diseases (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION UPF consumption was associated with worse performance in Animal Fluency among older people without pre-existing diseases. Decreasing UPF consumption may be a way to improve impaired cognition among older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara R Cardoso
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia.
| | - Priscila Machado
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, VIC, Australia
| | - Euridice Martinez Steele
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, 01246-907, Brazil.
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martin HR, Pufal DA, Stephenson J. Assessment of energy and nutrient intakes among undergraduate students attending a University in the North of England. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221096932. [PMID: 35726201 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221096932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Unhealthy diets are typical of university students and are often thought to be unrepresentative of the general population. The main aim was to determine the energy and nutrient intakes of a large cohort of undergraduate university students; and to compare to gender-specific dietary reference values (DRVs) and nutrient data from the general population. Methodology: Data was collected from 639 university students aged 18-24 years who completed 4-day diet diaries. The energy and nutrient intake was determined and percentage energy values calculated and compared with dietary reference values (DRVs) and the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) and Family Food Statistics. Logistic regression methods were used to identify micronutrients functioning as predictors of exceeding DRVs. Results: Energy intakes were lower than the DRV. The percentage total energy values for protein, fat, saturated fat and carbohydrate exceeded DRVs but the percentage energy from alcohol was below the maximum 5%. The DRVs were met for vitamin C, thiamin, and sodium/salt. Iron and calcium intakes were met in males but not in females. Intakes for fibre and vitamin A were below the DRV. Student data was comparable to the NDNS, with the exception of alcohol, fibre, vitamin A, calcium and sodium/salt, which were all lower than the NDNS. Conclusions: This study contradicts the stereotypical assumption that students are following a high energy, fat, saturated fat, total sugars, salt and alcohol diet compared with the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Martin
- Department of Service Sector Management, 7314Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB¸ United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- School of Applied Sciences, 218224University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Deborah A Pufal
- School of Human & Health Sciences, 14270University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - John Stephenson
- School of Human & Health Sciences, 14270University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Andraos S, Beck KL, Jones MB, Han TL, Conlon CA, de Seymour JV. Characterizing patterns of dietary exposure using metabolomic profiles of human biospecimens: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:699-708. [PMID: 35024860 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Establishing diet-disease associations requires reliable assessment of dietary intake. With the rapid advancement of metabolomics, its use in identifying objective biomarkers of dietary exposure has substantially increased. OBJECTIVE The aim of our review was to systematically combine all observational studies linking dietary intake patterns with metabolomic profiles of human biospecimens. DATA SOURCES Five databases were searched - MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL - to March 2020. DATA EXTRACTION Of the 14 328 studies initially screened, 35 observational studies that met the specified inclusion criteria were included. DATA ANALYSIS All reviewed studies indicated that metabolomic measures were significantly correlated with dietary patterns, demonstrating the potential for using objective metabolomic measures to characterize individuals' dietary intake. However, similar dietary patterns did not always result in similar metabolomic profiles across different study populations. CONCLUSION Metabolomic profiles reflect a multitude of factors, including diet, genetic, phenotypic, and environmental influences, thereby providing a more comprehensive picture of the impact of diet on metabolism and health outcomes. Further exploration of dietary patterns and metabolomic profiles across different population groups is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Andraos
- S. Andraos, K.L. Beck, C.A. Conlon, and J.V. de Seymour are with the School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B. Jones is with the Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. T.-L. Han is with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kathryn Louise Beck
- S. Andraos, K.L. Beck, C.A. Conlon, and J.V. de Seymour are with the School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B. Jones is with the Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. T.-L. Han is with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mary Beatrix Jones
- S. Andraos, K.L. Beck, C.A. Conlon, and J.V. de Seymour are with the School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B. Jones is with the Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. T.-L. Han is with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- S. Andraos, K.L. Beck, C.A. Conlon, and J.V. de Seymour are with the School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B. Jones is with the Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. T.-L. Han is with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cathryn Anne Conlon
- S. Andraos, K.L. Beck, C.A. Conlon, and J.V. de Seymour are with the School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B. Jones is with the Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. T.-L. Han is with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jamie Violet de Seymour
- S. Andraos, K.L. Beck, C.A. Conlon, and J.V. de Seymour are with the School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B. Jones is with the Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. T.-L. Han is with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bidinotto AB, Martinez-Steele E, Thomson WM, Hugo FN, Hilgert JB. Investigation of direct and indirect association of ultra-processed food intake and periodontitis. J Periodontol 2021; 93:603-612. [PMID: 34337743 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultra-processed foods are associated with both sugar intake and non-communicable diseases. We aimed to assess whether the intake of ultra-processed food is associated with periodontal disease and whether this association, if present, is dependent on non-communicable diseases. METHODS This analysis used data from cycles 2009 to 2010, 2011 to 2012, and 2013 to 2014 of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including participants aged 30 years or older. Dietary recalls were categorized according to the NOVA classification, and total contribution of ultra-processed foods to daily energy intake (%E) was calculated. Cases of periodontitis were defined as moderate or severe according to the CDC working group criteria for use in population surveillance of periodontitis. Adjustment variables to estimate total and direct associations were defined with directed acyclic graphs. Odds ratios were estimated with logistic regression for moderate/severe periodontitis and severe periodontitis, and ordinal logistic regression for the trichotomized outcome. Analyses were performed using NHANES fasting subsample weights. RESULTS Sample participants numbered 4809 (52.2% female), with a mean age of 52.1 years (SE, 0.3). The prevalence of periodontal disease was 27.8% for moderate and 6.5% for severe cases. Mean %E from ultra-processed foods was 54.4 (SE, 0.5). No significant crude, direct, or total association between ultra-processed %E and periodontal disease was found. CONCLUSION Intake of ultra-processed foods is not associated with periodontal disease in US non-institutionalized adults over 30 years old, whether directly or by mediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Bacelo Bidinotto
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eurídice Martinez-Steele
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Neves Hugo
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana Balbinot Hilgert
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Identification of psychological correlates of dietary misreporting under laboratory and free-living environments. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:264-275. [PMID: 33028428 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452000389x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Errors inherent in self-reported measures of energy intake (EI) are substantial and well documented, but correlates of misreporting remain unclear. Therefore, potential predictors of misreporting were examined. In Study One, fifty-nine individuals (BMI = 26·1 (sd 3·8) kg/m2, age = 42·7 (sd 13·6) years, females = 29) completed a 14-d stay in a residential feeding behaviour suite where eating behaviour was continuously monitored. In Study Two, 182 individuals (BMI = 25·7 (sd 3·9) kg/m2, age = 42·4 (sd 12·2) years, females = 96) completed two consecutive days in a residential feeding suite and five consecutive days at home. Misreporting was directly quantified by comparing covertly measured laboratory weighed intakes (LWI) with self-reported EI (weighed dietary record (WDR), 24-h recall, 7-d diet history, FFQ). Personal (age, sex and %body fat) and psychological traits (personality, social desirability, body image, intelligence quotient and eating behaviour) were used as predictors of misreporting. In Study One, those with lower psychoticism (P = 0·009), openness to experience (P = 0·006) and higher agreeableness (P = 0·038) reduced EI on days participants knew EI was being measured to a greater extent than on covert days. Isolated associations existed between personality traits (psychoticism and openness to experience), eating behaviour (emotional eating) and differences between the LWI and self-reported EI, but these were inconsistent between dietary assessment techniques and typically became non-significant after accounting for multiplicity of comparisons. In Study Two, sex was associated with differences between LWI and the WDR (P = 0·009), 24-h recall (P = 0·002) and diet history (P = 0·050) in the laboratory, but not home environment. Personal and psychological correlates of misreporting identified displayed no clear pattern across studies or dietary assessment techniques and had little utility in predicting misreporting.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kuhnle GGC. Essentially essential. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1073-1074. [PMID: 33826713 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gunter G C Kuhnle
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Steele EM, Khandpur N, Sun Q, Monteiro CA. The impact of acculturation to the US environment on the dietary share of ultra-processed foods among US adults. Prev Med 2020; 141:106261. [PMID: 33022323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between measures of acculturation to the US environment including place of birth, and language spoken at home and proportion of life in the US among foreign-born, in relation to the dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods. Ultra-processed foods, as defined by the NOVA food classification system, are formulations of macronutrients (starches, sugars, fats and protein isolates) with little, if any, whole food and often with added flavors, colors, emulsifiers and other cosmetic additives. We studied 14,663 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016, aged 20+ years, who completed a 1-day 24-h dietary recall. Food items were classified using NOVA into ultra-processed or non-ultra-processed foods. Linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, family income, education and race/ ethnicity, showed significant associations between general acculturation measures and dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods. Foreign-born adults consumed less ultra-processed foods than US-born adults (45 vs. 58%, p < 0.001). Within foreign-born adults, ultra-processed food consumption increased with English permeation at home from 40% among individuals speaking non-English languages only to 50% among those speaking English only (p for linear trend <0.001). In addition, ultra-processed food consumption increased from 41% among foreign-born adults who spent less than 30% of their life in the US to 48% among those who lived in the US for more than 50% of their lives (p for linear trend <0.001). Race/ethnicity emerged as an important effect modifier for the observed associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eurídice Martínez Steele
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition (NUPENS), Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Neha Khandpur
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition (NUPENS), Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carlos A Monteiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition (NUPENS), Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rauber F, Chang K, Vamos EP, da Costa Louzada ML, Monteiro CA, Millett C, Levy RB. Ultra-processed food consumption and risk of obesity: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:2169-2180. [PMID: 33070213 PMCID: PMC8137628 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to examine the associations between ultra-processed food consumption and risk of obesity among UK adults. Methods Participants aged 40–69 years at recruitment in the UK Biobank (2006–2019) with dietary intakes collected using 24-h recall and repeated measures of adiposity––body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage of body fat (% BF)––were included (N = 22,659; median follow-up: 5 years). Ultra-processed foods were identified using the NOVA classification and their consumption was expressed as a percentage of total energy intake. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of several indicators of obesity according to ultra-processed food consumption. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Results 947 incident cases of overall obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 1900 incident cases of abdominal obesity (men: WC ≥ 102 cm, women: WC ≥ 88 cm) were identified during follow-up. Participants in the highest quartile of ultra-processed food consumption had significantly higher risk of developing overall obesity (HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.06─3.03) and abdominal obesity (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.14─1.48). They had higher risk of experiencing a ≥ 5% increase in BMI (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.20─1.43), WC (HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.25─1.45) and %BF (HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.03─1.25), than those in the lowest quartile of consumption. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that higher consumption of ultra-processed food is strongly associated with a higher risk of multiple indicators of obesity in the UK adult population. Policy makers should consider actions that promote consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods and reduce consumption of ultra-processed foods. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02367-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rauber
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-904, Brazil. .,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, 01246-904, Brazil. .,Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W6 8RP, UK.
| | - Kiara Chang
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Eszter P Vamos
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Maria Laura da Costa Louzada
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-904, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Monteiro
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-904, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Christopher Millett
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-904, Brazil.,Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Renata Bertazzi Levy
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-904, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Energy misreporting is more prevalent for those of lower socio-economic status and is associated with lower reported intake of discretionary foods. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:1291-1298. [PMID: 32943124 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The role of socio-economic status (SES) on the misreporting of food and energy intakes is not well understood with disagreement in the literature. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between low energy reporting, dietary quality and SES in a representative sample of adults. Dietary data were collected using 2 d of 24-h recalls for 6114 adults aged 19 years and over, participating in the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011-2012. Low energy reporters (LER) and plausible reporters (PR) were identified. Discretionary food intake was used as a proxy indicator of diet quality. SES was determined using area-level SES and educational attainment. Regression analysis was applied to examine the effects of LER and SES on diet quality, adjusting for potential confounders. LER was more common in populations of lower SES than higher SES (area-level OR 1·46 (95 % CI 1·06, 2·00); education OR 1·64 (95 % CI 1·28, 2·09). LER and SES were independently associated with diet quality, with LER reporting lower percentage energy from discretionary foods compared with PR (27·4 v. 34·2, P < 0·001), and those of lower area-level SES and education reporting lower diet quality compared with those of higher SES (33·7 v. 31·2, P < 0·001; and 33·5 v. 29·6, P < 0·001, respectively). No interaction effect was found between LER and SES, indicating percentage energy in discretionary foods was not differentially misreported across the SES areas (0·3078) or education (P = 0·7078). In conclusion, LER and higher SES were associated with better diet quality.
Collapse
|
14
|
Validation of a new software eAT24 used to assess dietary intake in the adult Portuguese population. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:3093-3103. [PMID: 32611472 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to evaluate the accuracy of the new software eAT24 used to assess dietary intake in the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF) against urinary biomarkers: N (nitrogen), K (potassium) and Na (sodium). DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study. Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) were applied, and a 24-h urine sample was collected. We examined differences between estimates from dietary and urine measures, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated and the Bland-Altman plots were drawn. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with the difference between estimates. SETTING Sub-sample from the Portuguese IAN-AF sampling frame. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-five adults (men and women) aged 18-84 years. RESULTS The estimated intake calculated using the dietary recall data was lower than that estimated from urinary excretion for the three biomarkers studied (protein 94·3 v. 100·4 g/d, K 3212 v. 3416 mg/d and Na 3489 v. 4003 mg/d). Considering 2 d of recall, the deattenuated correlation coefficients were 0·33, 0·64 and 0·26 for protein, K and Na, respectively. For protein, differences between dietary and urinary estimates varied according to BMI (β = -1·96, P = 0·017). The energy intake and 24-h urine volume were significantly associated with the difference between estimates for protein (β = 0·03, P < 0·001 and β = -0·02, P = 0·002, respectively), K (β = 0·71, P < 0·001 and β = -0·42, P = 0·040, respectively) and Na (β = 1·55, P < 0·001 and β = -0·81, P = 0·011, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The new software eAT24 performed well in estimating protein and K intakes, but lesser so in estimating Na intake, using two non-consecutive 24-HDR.
Collapse
|
15
|
Andraos S, Lange K, Clifford SA, Jones B, Thorstensen EB, Kerr JA, Wake M, Saffery R, Burgner DP, O'Sullivan JM. Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Its Precursors: Population Epidemiology, Parent-Child Concordance, and Associations with Reported Dietary Intake in 11- to 12-Year-Old Children and Their Parents. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa103. [PMID: 32666035 PMCID: PMC7335361 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a microbiome- and diet-derived metabolite implicated in adverse cardiovascular outcomes. To date, studies of plasma TMAO concentrations have largely focused on individuals with metabolic disease. As such, data on TMAO concentrations in population settings and parent-child dyads are lacking. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate parent-child concordance, age, and sex effects on plasma concentrations of TMAO and its precursors [l-carnitine, choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine (DMG)]. Associations between concentrations of TMAO and its precursors and self-reported dietary intakes of animal protein (i.e., red meat, meat products, chicken, fish, milk products, and cheese) and fast-food meals were also investigated. METHODS A total of 1166 children (mean ± SD age: 11 ± 0.5 y, 51% female) and 1324 parents (mean ± SD age: 44 ± 5.1 y, 87% female) had a biomedical assessment as part of Growing Up in Australia's Child Health Checkpoint. Plasma TMAO and precursor concentrations were quantified using ultra-high-pressure LC coupled with tandem MS. RESULTS Familial dyads significantly contributed to plasma TMAO and precursor concentrations (P < 0.0001), explaining 37% of variance for TMAO concentrations. Least-square mean ± SE plasma TMAO was lower in children (0.79 ± 0.02 µM on the log-scale) than in adults (1.22 ± 0.02 µM). By contrast, children's betaine (40.30 ± 0.34 µM) and DMG concentrations (1.02 ± 0.01 µM on the log-scale) were higher than adults' betaine (37.50 ± 0.32 µM) and DMG concentrations (0.80 ± 0.01 µM) (P < 0.0001). Mean values of all metabolites, except adult TMAO, were higher in males than in females (P < 0.001). Greater reported intake of red meat and fish was associated with higher TMAO concentrations in both children [estimates (95% CIs) for red meat: 0.06 (0.01, 0.10); fish: 0.11 (0.06, 0.17)] and adults [red meat: 0.13 (0.08, 0.17); meat products: 0.07 (0.03, 0.12); and fish: 0.09 (0.04, 0.14)]. CONCLUSIONS Age, sex, and shared family factors, including diet, contribute to variation in plasma concentrations of TMAO and its precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Andraos
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katherine Lange
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan A Clifford
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beatrix Jones
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Jessica A Kerr
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Missing Something? Comparisons of Effectiveness and Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery Procedures and Their Preferred Reporting: Refining the Evidence Base. Obes Surg 2020; 30:3167-3177. [PMID: 32415632 PMCID: PMC7305092 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Comparisons of effectiveness of bariatric surgery (BS) procedures encompass weight loss, metabolic/clinical outcomes, and improvements or worsening of comorbidities. Post-operative physical activity (PA) and diet influence such outcomes but are frequently not included in comparisons of effectiveness. We assessed the value and necessity of including post-operative PA/diet data when comparing effectiveness of BS. Including post-operative PA/diet data has significant benefits for BS and patients. The paper proposes an explicit preferred reporting system (Preferred REporting of post-operative PHYsical activity and Diet data in comparisons of BS effectiveness: PRE-PHYD Bariatric). Including post-operative PA/diet data could result in more accurate appraisals of effectiveness of BS procedures. This could translate into better 'individualized' BS by achieving a better 'fit' between patient and procedure.
Collapse
|
17
|
Rauber F, Steele EM, Louzada MLDC, Millett C, Monteiro CA, Levy RB. Ultra-processed food consumption and indicators of obesity in the United Kingdom population (2008-2016). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232676. [PMID: 32357191 PMCID: PMC7194406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and adiposity in a nationally representative sample of the UK adult population. We studied 6,143 participants (19 to 96 years, 51.6% female) sampled by the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008-16). Food items reported in four-day food diary were classified according to the NOVA system. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were used to evaluate associations between the dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods (sex-specific quartile and continuous) and Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and obesity (BMI>30kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (men: WC≥102cm, women: WC≥88cm) status. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. In multivariable analyses, the highest consumption of ultra-processed food was associated with 1.66 kg/m2 higher BMI (95%CI 0.96-2.36), 3.56 cm greater WC (95%CI 1.79-5.33) and 90% higher odds for being obese (OR = 1.90, 95%CI 1.39-2.61), compared with the lowest consumption. A 10% increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods was associated with an increase of 0.38 kg/m2 in BMI (95%CI 0.20-0.55), 0.87 cm in WC (95%CI 0.40-1.33) and 18% higher odds of being obese (OR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.08-1.28). The consumption of ultra-processed food was associated with an increase in BMI, WC and prevalence of obesity in both sexes. A dose response relationship was observed in both sexes, with a 10% increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods being associated with a 18% increase in the prevalence of obesity in men and a 17% increase in women. Higher consumption of ultra-processed food is associated with greater adiposity in the UK adult population. Policy makers should consider actions that promote consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods and reduce consumption of ultra-processed foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rauber
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Eurídice Martínez Steele
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura da Costa Louzada
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christopher Millett
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Augusto Monteiro
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Bertazzi Levy
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Andraos S, Wake M, Saffery R, Burgner D, Kussmann M, O'Sullivan J. Perspective: Advancing Understanding of Population Nutrient-Health Relations via Metabolomics and Precision Phenotypes. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:944-952. [PMID: 31098626 PMCID: PMC6855971 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet and lifestyle are vital to population health, but their true contribution is difficult to quantify using traditional methods. Nutrient-health relations are typically based on epidemiological associations that are assessed at the population level, traditionally using self-reported dietary and lifestyle data. Unfortunately, such measures are inherently inaccurate. New technologies such as metabolomics can measure nutritional and micronutrient profiles in body fluids, providing objective evaluation of nutritional status. A critical step toward accurate health prediction models would be the building of integrated repositories of nutritional measures combining subjective methods of reporting with objective metabolomics profiles and precise phenotypic data. Here we outline a roadmap to achieve this goal and discuss both the advantages and risks of this approach. We also highlight the uncertain associations between the complexity of high-dimensional data generated in 'omics research (along with the public confusion this may engender) and the rapid adoption of 'omics approaches by nutrition and health companies to develop nutritional products and services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Wake
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Kussmann
- Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zealand,New Zealand National Science Challenge, High-Value Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Frontiers Media SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justin O'Sullivan
- Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zealand,New Zealand National Science Challenge, High-Value Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Address correspondence to JO (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tilston TW, Brown RD, Wateridge MJ, Arms-Williams B, Walker JJ, Sun Y, Wells T. A Novel Automated System Yields Reproducible Temporal Feeding Patterns in Laboratory Rodents. J Nutr 2019; 149:1674-1684. [PMID: 31287142 PMCID: PMC6736427 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of temporal feeding patterns remains a major unanswered question in nutritional science. Progress has been hampered by the absence of a reliable method to impose temporal feeding in laboratory rodents, without the confounding influence of food-hoarding behavior. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop and validate a reliable method for supplying crushed diets to laboratory rodents in consistent, relevant feeding patterns for prolonged periods. METHODS We programmed our experimental feeding station to deliver a standard diet [StD; Atwater Fuel Energy (AFE) 13.9% fat] or high-fat diet (HFD; AFE 45% fat) during nocturnal grazing [providing 1/24th of the total daily food intake (tdF/I) of ad libitum-fed controls every 30 min] and meal-fed (3 × 1-h periods of ad libitum feeding) patterns in male rats (Sprague-Dawley: 4 wk old, 72-119 g) and mice [C57/Bl6J wild-type (WT): 6 mo old, 29-37 g], and ghrelin-null littermates (Ghr-/-; 27-34 g). RESULTS Grazing yielded accurate, consistent feeding events in rats, with an approximately linear rise in nocturnal cumulative food intake [tdF/I (StD): 97.4 ± 1.5% accurate compared with manual measurement; R2 = 0.86; tdF/I (HFD): 99.0 ± 1.4% accurate; R2 = 0.86]. Meal-feeding produced 3 nocturnal meals of equal size and duration in StD-fed rats (tdF/I: 97.4 ± 0.9% accurate; R2 = 0.90), whereas the second meal size increased progressively in HFD-fed rats (44% higher on day 35 than on day 14; P < 0.01). Importantly, cumulative food intake in grazing and meal-fed rats was identical. Similar results were obtained in WT mice except that less restricted grazing induced hyperphagia (compared with meal-fed WT mice; P < 0.05 from day 1). This difference was abolished in Ghr-/- mice, with meal initiation delayed and meal duration enhanced. Neither pattern elevated corticosterone secretion in rats, but meal-feeding aligned ultradian pulses. CONCLUSIONS We have established a consistent, measurable, researcher-defined, stress-free method for imposing temporal feeding patterns in rats and mice. This approach will facilitate progress in understanding the physiologic impact of feeding patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Tilston
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D Brown
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Wateridge
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley Arms-Williams
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie J Walker
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Biomedical Modelling and Analysis, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- EPSRC Centre for Predictive Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Wells
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nance K, Acevedo MB, Pepino MY. Changes in taste function and ingestive behavior following bariatric surgery. Appetite 2019; 146:104423. [PMID: 31473274 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity and its related comorbidities. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) are currently the most popular weight-loss surgeries used worldwide. Following these surgeries, many patients self-report changes in taste perception and decreased preference for unhealthy foods. These reported changes might account for increased adherence to healthier diets and successful weight loss after surgeries. However, researchers have used a variety of methodologies to assess patients' reported changes andresults are discrepant. The goal of this review is to summarize the literature regarding changes to taste function and ingestive behavior following RYGB and SG to examine differences in findings by methodology (indirect vs. direct measurements). We focused our review around changes in sweets, fats, and alcohol because most of the documented changes in ingestive behavior post-surgery are related to changes in these dietary items. We found that studies using surveys and questionnaires generally find that subjects self-report changes in taste and decrease their preference and cravings for energy-dense foods (particularly, sweets and high-fats). However, studies using validated sensory techniques that include oral sampling or by using direct food intake measurements find little to no change in subjects' ability to perceive taste or their preference for energy-dense foods. Therefore, reported changes in taste and food preferences are unlikely to be explained by alterations in taste intensity and diet selection, and are rather related to changes in the rewarding value of food. Further, that RYGB, and likely SG, is associated with increased alcohol consumption and arisk to develop an alcohol use disorder) supports the notion that these surgeries alter central circuits of reward that are critical in the regulation of ingestive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Nance
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - M Belén Acevedo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - M Yanina Pepino
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Martínez Steele E, Juul F, Neri D, Rauber F, Monteiro CA. Dietary share of ultra-processed foods and metabolic syndrome in the US adult population. Prev Med 2019; 125:40-48. [PMID: 31077725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to examine the relationship between dietary share of ultra-processed foods and metabolic syndrome among US adults. We studied 6, 385 participants from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2014, aged 20+ years, with blood tests under fasting conditions and at least one 24-hour dietary recall. Food items were classified according to the extent and purpose of industrial food processing. Ultra-processed foods (UPF) are formulations of many ingredients, mostly of exclusive industrial use, that result from a sequence of industrial processes (hence ultra-processed). Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the 2009 Joint Scientific Statement as meeting three or more of the following criteria: (1) elevated waist circumference (2) elevated fasting plasma glucose (3) elevated blood pressure (4) elevated triglycerides (5) reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C). Poisson regression models with robust variance adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income, education, physical activity and smoking showed significant linear association between the dietary contribution of UPF and the prevalence of MetS (a 10% increase in contribution was associated with a 4% prevalence increase) (prevalence ratio -PR- = 1.04; 95% CI 1.02, 1.07). A dietary UPF contribution of >71% (5th population quintile) was associated with 28% higher prevalence of MetS compared to a contribution below 40% (1st population quintile) (PR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.09, 1.50). The association was stronger in young adults (PR between upper and lower quintiles = 1.94; 95% CI 1.39, 2.72) and decreased with age. These findings add to the growing evidence that UPF consumption is associated with diet-related non-communicable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eurídice Martínez Steele
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Filippa Juul
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Daniela Neri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rauber
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Monteiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Buendia JR, Li Y, Hu FB, Cabral HJ, Bradlee ML, Quatromoni PA, Singer MR, Curhan GC, Moore LL. Long-term yogurt consumption and risk of incident hypertension in adults. J Hypertens 2019; 36:1671-1679. [PMID: 29952852 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relation between yogurt consumption as well as cheese, milk, and total dairy, and high blood pressure (HBP) in two Nurses' Health Study cohorts (NHS, n = 69 298), NHS II (n = 84 368) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS, n = 30 512). METHODS NHS, NHS II, and HPFS participants were followed for incident HBP for up to 30, 20, and 24 years, respectively. Hazard ratios were calculated using time-dependent multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Pooled risk estimates were derived from fixed effects meta-analyses. RESULTS Participants consuming at least five servings per week (vs. <1 serving per month) of yogurt in NHS, NHS II, and HPFS had 19% (95% CI 0.75-0.87), 17% (95% CI 0.77-0.90), and 6% (95% CI 0.83-1.07) lower HBP risks, respectively. In pooled analyses of these cohorts, higher yogurt consumption was linked with 16% (95% CI 0.80-0.88) lower HBP risk; higher total dairy (3 to <6 vs. <0.5 servings/day), milk (2 to <6/day vs. <4/week) and cheese (1 to 4/day vs. <1/week) were associated with 16% (95% CI 0.81-0.87), 12% (95% CI 0.86-0.90), and 6% (95% CI 0.90-0.97) lower HBP risks, respectively. After controlling for BMI as a possible causal intermediate, total dairy, yogurt, milk, and cheese were associated with 13, 10, 8, and 8% lower HBP risks, respectively. The combination of higher yogurt intake and higher DASH ('Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension') diet scores was associated with 30% (95% CI 0.66-0.75) lower HBP risk compared with lower levels of both factors. CONCLUSION Higher total dairy intake, especially in the form of yogurt, was associated with lower risk of incident HBP in middle-aged and older adult men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Buendia
- Department of Medicine/Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Howard J Cabral
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - M Loring Bradlee
- Department of Medicine/Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Paula A Quatromoni
- Department of Health Sciences/Programs in Nutrition, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University
| | - Martha R Singer
- Department of Medicine/Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Gary C Curhan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynn L Moore
- Department of Medicine/Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gormley IC, Bai Y, Brennan L. Combining biomarker and self-reported dietary intake data: A review of the state of the art and an exposition of concepts. Stat Methods Med Res 2019; 29:617-635. [PMID: 30943855 DOI: 10.1177/0962280219837698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Classical approaches to assessing dietary intake are associated with measurement error. In an effort to address inherent measurement error in dietary self-reported data there is increased interest in the use of dietary biomarkers as objective measures of intake. Furthermore, there is a growing consensus of the need to combine dietary biomarker data with self-reported data. A review of state of the art techniques employed when combining biomarker and self-reported data is conducted. Two predominant methods, the calibration method and the method of triads, emerge as relevant techniques used when combining biomarker and self-reported data to account for measurement errors in dietary intake assessment. Both methods crucially assume measurement error independence. To expose and understand the performance of these methods in a range of realistic settings, their underpinning statistical concepts are unified and delineated, and thorough simulation studies are conducted. Results show that violation of the methods' assumptions negatively impacts resulting inference but that this impact is mitigated when the variation of the biomarker around the true intake is small. Thus there is much scope for the further development of biomarkers and models in tandem to achieve the ultimate goal of accurately assessing dietary intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isobel Claire Gormley
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yuxin Bai
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Straßburg A, Eisinger-Watzl M, Krems C, Roth A, Hoffmann I. Comparison of food consumption and nutrient intake assessed with three dietary assessment methods: results of the German National Nutrition Survey II. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:193-210. [PMID: 29189903 PMCID: PMC6424917 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Comparison of food consumption, nutrient intake and underreporting of diet history interviews, 24-h recalls and weighed food records to gain further insight into specific strength and limitations of each method and to support the choice of the adequate dietary assessment method. METHODS For 677 participants (14-80 years) of the German National Nutrition Survey II confidence intervals for food consumption and nutrient intake were calculated on basis of bootstrapping samples, Cohen's d for the relevance of differences, and intraclass correlation coefficients for the degree of agreement of dietary assessment methods. Low energy reporters were identified with Goldberg cut-offs. RESULTS In 7 of 18 food groups diet history interviews showed higher consumption means than 24-h recalls and weighed food records. Especially mean values of food groups perceived as socially desirable, such as fruit and vegetables, were highest for diet history interviews. For "raw" and "cooked vegetables", the diet history interviews showed a mean consumption of 144 and 109 g/day in comparison with 68 and 70 g/day in 24-h recalls and 76 and 75 g/day in weighed food records, respectively. For "fruit", diet history interviews showed a mean consumption of 256 g/day in comparison with 164 g/day in 24-h recalls and 147 g/day in weighed food records. No major differences regarding underreporting of energy intake were found between dietary assessment methods. CONCLUSIONS With regard to estimating food consumption and nutrient intake, 24-h recalls and weighed food records showed smaller differences and better agreement than pairwise comparisons with diet history interviews.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Straßburg
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Marianne Eisinger-Watzl
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carolin Krems
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Roth
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Centre of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Hoffmann
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Maternal glycemic index and glycemic load in pregnancy and offspring metabolic health in childhood and adolescence-a cohort study of 68,471 mother-offspring dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:1049-1062. [PMID: 30250133 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) as indicators of carbohydrate quality and quantity have been found to increase risk of metabolic outcomes in adults. Whether carbohydrate quality may influence metabolic programming already in early life is unknown. We examined the association of maternal GI and GL with offspring body mass index (BMI) in the first 7 years of life among 68,471 mother-offspring dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). In a sub-cohort of offspring with clinical data (n = 1234) that included 608 dyads exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we also examined the relation to metabolic health at 9-16 years. METHODS Maternal GI and GL were quantified using a mid-pregnancy food frequency questionnaire. We used birth weight and length to calculate offspring's ponderal index. Age- and sex-specific BMI z scores at 5 mo, 12 mo, and 7 y were standardized against WHO reference data. In the clinical cohort, we quantified body composition, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B. We used multivariable mixed linear and Poisson regression to model the associations. RESULTS Median (IQR) of GI and GL were 83 (63-111) and 241 (180-333) g/day, respectively. We found that GI (Q4 vs. Q1:1.09, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.15) and GL (Q4 vs. Q1:1.10, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.16) modestly increased the relative risk of large-for gestational age (LGA). In the clinical sub-cohort, we observed a potential increase in offspring HOMA-IR, adiposity, and metabolic syndrome z score with higher maternal GI and GI. These associations were stronger among the GDM-exposed offspring, but the CI included the null value. CONCLUSION We found associations of GI and GL in pregnancy with offspring LGA. Potential long-term benefits to offspring exposed to GDM need to be confirmed in larger, well-powered studies.
Collapse
|
26
|
Garden L, Clark H, Whybrow S, Stubbs RJ. Is misreporting of dietary intake by weighed food records or 24-hour recalls food specific? Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:1026-1034. [PMID: 29789710 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Healthy eating advice is informed, in part, by dietary surveys that rely on self-reported data. Misreporting of food intake may distort relationships between diet and health outcomes. This study directly quantified the food groups that were under-reported or over-reported in common dietary assessment techniques. SUBJECTS/METHODS Food and drink consumption of 59 adults, with ad libitum access to a range of familiar foods, was objectively and covertly measured by investigators, and validated against independent measures of energy balance, while participants were resident in the Human Nutrition Unit of the Rowett Institute. Participants self-reported their diets using weighed dietary records (WDR) and multiple-pass 24-hr recalls over two periods of 3 days using a cross-over design. Foods and drinks were aggregated into 41 food groups. RESULTS The mean daily weight of food and drinks reported was significantly lower than actually consumed; 3.3 kg (p = 0.004, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.07-3.55 kg) and 3.0 kg (p < 0.001, CI = 2.80-3.15 kg) for the WDR and 24-hr recall respectively, compared with 3.6 kg for the objective measure. Reported intakes were significantly lower than the objective measure for four and eight food groups (WDR and 24 h recall, respectively), and not significantly different for the remaining food groups. CONCLUSIONS Although under-reporting was greater for some food groups than for others, 'healthy' foods were not over-reported and 'unhealthy' foods were not consistently under-reported. A better understanding of which foods tend to be misreported could lead to improvements in the methods of self-reported dietary intakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Clark
- Institute of Applied Health Services, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Olstad DL, Leech RM, Livingstone KM, Ball K, Thomas B, Potter J, Cleanthous X, Reynolds R, McNaughton SA. Are dietary inequalities among Australian adults changing? a nationally representative analysis of dietary change according to socioeconomic position between 1995 and 2011-13. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:30. [PMID: 29606145 PMCID: PMC5879763 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing inequalities in rates of obesity and chronic disease may be partly fuelled by increasing dietary inequalities, however very few nationally representative analyses of socioeconomic trends in dietary inequalities exist. The release of the 2011-13 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey data allows investigation of change in dietary intake according to socioeconomic position (SEP) in Australia using a large, nationally representative sample, compared to the previous national survey in 1995. This study examined change in dietary intakes of energy, macronutrients, fiber, fruits and vegetables among Australian adults between 1995 and 2011-13, according to SEP. METHODS Cross-sectional data were obtained from the 1995 National Nutrition Survey, and the 2011-13 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Dietary intake data were collected via a 24-h dietary recall (n = 17,484 adults) and a dietary questionnaire (n = 15,287 adults). SEP was assessed according to educational level, equivalized household income, and area-level disadvantage. Survey-weighted linear and logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex/gender and smoking status, examined change in dietary intakes over time. RESULTS Dietary intakes remained poor across the SEP spectrum in both surveys, as evidenced by high consumption of saturated fat and total sugars, and low fiber, fruit and vegetable intakes. There was consistent evidence (i.e. according to ≥2 SEP measures) of more favorable changes in dietary intakes of carbohydrate, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat in higher, relative to lower SEP groups, particularly in women. Intakes of energy, total fat, saturated fat and fruit differed over time according to a single SEP measure (i.e. educational level, household income, or area-level disadvantage). There were no changes in intake of total sugars, protein, fiber or vegetables according to any SEP measures. CONCLUSIONS There were few changes in dietary intakes of energy, most macronutrients, fiber, fruits and vegetables in Australian adults between 1995 and 2011-13 according to SEP. For carbohydrate, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat, more favorable changes in intakes occurred in higher SEP groups. Despite the persistence of suboptimal dietary intakes, limited evidence of widening dietary inequalities is positive from a public health perspective. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trials registration: ACTRN12617001045303 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Lee Olstad
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6 Canada
| | - Rebecca M. Leech
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Katherine M. Livingstone
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kylie Ball
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Beth Thomas
- National Heart Foundation of Australia, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Potter
- National Heart Foundation of Australia, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Sarah A. McNaughton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cade JE, Warthon-Medina M, Albar S, Alwan NA, Ness A, Roe M, Wark PA, Greathead K, Burley VJ, Finglas P, Johnson L, Page P, Roberts K, Steer T, Hooson J, Greenwood DC, Robinson S. DIET@NET: Best Practice Guidelines for dietary assessment in health research. BMC Med 2017; 15:202. [PMID: 29137630 PMCID: PMC5686956 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary assessment is complex, and strategies to select the most appropriate dietary assessment tool (DAT) in epidemiological research are needed. The DIETary Assessment Tool NETwork (DIET@NET) aimed to establish expert consensus on Best Practice Guidelines (BPGs) for dietary assessment using self-report. METHODS The BPGs were developed using the Delphi technique. Two Delphi rounds were conducted. A total of 131 experts were invited, and of these 65 accepted, with 48 completing Delphi round I and 51 completing Delphi round II. In all, a total of 57 experts from North America, Europe, Asia and Australia commented on the 47 suggested guidelines. RESULTS Forty-three guidelines were generated, grouped into the following four stages: Stage I. Define what is to be measured in terms of dietary intake (what? who? and when?); Stage II. Investigate different types of DATs; Stage III. Evaluate existing tools to select the most appropriate DAT by evaluating published validation studies; Stage IV. Think through the implementation of the chosen DAT and consider sources of potential biases. CONCLUSIONS The Delphi technique consolidated expert views on best practice in assessing dietary intake. The BPGs provide a valuable guide for health researchers to choose the most appropriate dietary assessment method for their studies. These guidelines will be accessible through the Nutritools website, www.nutritools.org .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Marisol Warthon-Medina
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Salwa Albar
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 42807, 21551, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisreen A Alwan
- Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Andrew Ness
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Mark Roe
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Petra A Wark
- Centre for Innovative Research Across the Life Course (CIRAL), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK.,Global eHealth Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Katharine Greathead
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Victoria J Burley
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Paul Finglas
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Laura Johnson
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Polly Page
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK
| | - Katharine Roberts
- Public Health Section, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.,Public Health England, London, SE1 8UG, UK
| | - Toni Steer
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK
| | - Jozef Hooson
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Darren C Greenwood
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Division of Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sian Robinson
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental studies have shown that human macronutrient regulation minimizes variation in absolute protein intake and consequently energy intake varies passively with dietary protein density ('protein leverage'). According to the 'protein leverage hypothesis' (PLH), protein leverage interacts with a reduction in dietary protein density to drive energy overconsumption and obesity. Worldwide increase in consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been hypothesized to be an important determinant of dietary protein dilution, and consequently an ecological driving force of energy overconsumption and the obesity pandemic. The present study examined the relationships between dietary contribution of UPF, dietary proportional protein content and the absolute intakes of protein and energy. DESIGN National representative cross-sectional study. SETTING National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010. SUBJECTS Participants (n 9042) aged ≥2 years with at least one day of 24 h dietary recall data. RESULTS We found a strong inverse relationship between consumption of UPF and dietary protein density, with mean protein content dropping from 18·2 to 13·3 % between the lowest and highest quintiles of dietary contribution of UPF. Consistent with the PLH, increase in the dietary contribution of UPF (previously shown to be inversely associated with protein density) was also associated with a rise in total energy intake, while absolute protein intake remained relatively constant. CONCLUSIONS The protein-diluting effect of UPF might be one mechanism accounting for their association with excess energy intake. Reducing UPF contribution in the US diet may be an effective way to increase its dietary protein concentration and prevent excessive energy intake.
Collapse
|
30
|
Changes in dietary intake following a culturally adapted lifestyle intervention among Iraqi immigrants to Sweden at high risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomised trial. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:2827-2838. [DOI: 10.1017/s136898001700146x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of a culturally adapted lifestyle intervention for changing dietary intake, particularly energy, fat and fibre intakes, in the intervention group (IG) compared with the control group (CG).DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingIG (n 50) and CG (n 46). The IG was offered seven group sessions, including one cooking class, over a period of 4 months. The participants filled out 4 d food diaries at the start, mid and end of the study.SubjectsIraqi-born residents of Malmö, Sweden, at increased risk for developing diabetes.ResultsAt baseline, participants’ fat intake was high (40 % of total energy intake (E%)). The predefined study goals of obtaining <30 E% from fat and ≥15 g fibre/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) were met by very few individuals. In the IG v. the CG, the proportion of individuals obtaining <40 E% from fat (48·4 v. 34·6 %, P=0·65), <10 E% from saturated fat (32·3 v. 11·5 %, P=0·14) and ≥10 g fibre/4184 kJ (45·2 v. 26·9 %, P=0·46) appeared to be higher at the last visit, although the differences were statistically non-significant. A trend towards decreased mean daily intakes of total energy (P=0·03), carbohydrate (P=0·06), sucrose (P=0·02) and fat (P=0·02) was observed within the IG. Differences in changes over time between the groups did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsAlthough no significant differences were observed in the two groups, our data indicate that this culturally adapted programme has the potential to modify dietary intake in Middle Eastern immigrants. The high fat intake in this group should be addressed.
Collapse
|
31
|
Campbell R, Tasevska N, Jackson KG, Sagi-Kiss V, di Paolo N, Mindell JS, Lister SJ, Khaw KT, Kuhnle GGC. Association between urinary biomarkers of total sugars intake and measures of obesity in a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179508. [PMID: 28723954 PMCID: PMC5517003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases. While there is increasing focus on the role of dietary sugars, there remains a paucity of data establishing the association between sugar intake and obesity in the general public. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of estimated sugar intake with odds for obesity in a representative sample of English adults. We used data from 434 participants of the 2005 Health Survey of England. Biomarkers for total sugar intake were measured in 24 h urine samples and used to estimate intake. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations between biomarker-based estimated intake and measures of obesity (body mass intake (BMI), waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio) and obesity risk, respectively. Estimated sugar intake was significantly associated with BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio; these associations remained significant after adjustment for estimated protein intake as a marker of non-sugar energy intake. Estimated sugar intake was also associated with increased odds for obesity based on BMI (OR 1.02; 95%CI 1.00–1.04 per 10g), waist-circumference (1.03; 1.01–1.05) and waist-to-hip ratio (1.04; 1.02–1.06); all OR estimates remained significant after adjusting for estimated protein intake. Our results strongly support positive associations between total sugar intake, measures of obesity and likelihood of being obese. It is the first time that such an association has been shown in a nationally-representative sample of the general population using a validated biomarker. This biomarker could be used to monitor the efficacy of public health interventions to reduce sugar intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Campbell
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Tasevska
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kim G. Jackson
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Virag Sagi-Kiss
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | | | - Jennifer S. Mindell
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J. Lister
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gunter G. C. Kuhnle
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the consumption of ultra-processed foods and analyse its association with the content of added sugars in the Chilean diet. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of national dietary data obtained through 24 h recalls and classified into food groups according to the extent and purpose of food processing (NOVA classification). SETTING Chile. SUBJECTS A probabilistic sample of 4920 individuals (aged 2 years or above) studied in 2010 by a national dietary survey (Encuesta Nacional de Consumo Alimentario). RESULTS Ultra-processed foods represented 28·6 (se 0·5) % of total energy intake and 58·6 (se 0·9) % of added sugars intake. The mean percentage of energy from added sugars increased from 7·7 (se 0·3) to 19·7 (se 0·5) % across quintiles of the dietary share of ultra-processed foods. After adjusting for several potential sociodemographic confounders, a 5 percentage point increase in the dietary share of ultra-processed foods determined a 1 percentage point increase in the dietary content of added sugars. Individuals in the highest quintile were three times more likely (OR=2·9; 95 % CI 2·4, 3·4) to exceed the 10 % upper limit for added sugars recommended by the WHO compared with those in the lowest quintile, after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. This association was strongest among individuals aged 2-19 years (OR=3·9; 95 % CI 2·7, 5·9). CONCLUSIONS In Chile, ultra-processed foods are important contributors to total energy intake and to the consumption of added sugars. Actions aimed at limiting consumption of ultra-processed foods are being implemented as effective ways to achieve WHO dietary recommendations to limit added sugars and processed foods, especially for children and adolescents.
Collapse
|
33
|
Martínez Steele E, Monteiro CA. Association between Dietary Share of Ultra-Processed Foods and Urinary Concentrations of Phytoestrogens in the US. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030209. [PMID: 28264475 PMCID: PMC5372872 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods and urinary phytoestrogen concentrations in the US. Participants from cross-sectional 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey aged 6+ years, selected to measure urinary phytoestrogens and with one 24-h dietary recall were evaluated (2692 participants). Food items were classified according to NOVA (a name, not an acronym), a four-group food classification based on the extent and purpose of industrial food processing. Ultra-processed foods are formulations manufactured using several ingredients and a series of processes (hence "ultra-processed"). Most of their ingredients are lower-cost industrial sources of dietary energy and nutrients, with additives used for the purpose of imitating sensorial qualities of minimally processed foods or of culinary preparations of these foods. Studied phytoestrogens included lignans (enterolactone and enterodiol) and isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, O-desmethylangolensin and equol). Gaussian regression was used to compare average urinary phytoestrogen concentrations (normalized by creatinine) across quintiles of energy share of ultra-processed foods. Models incorporated survey sample weights and were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income, and education, among other factors. Adjusted enterodiol geometric means decreased monotonically from 60.6 in the lowest quintile to 35.1 µg/g creatinine in the highest, while adjusted enterolactone geometric means dropped from 281.1 to 200.1 across the same quintiles, respectively. No significant linear trend was observed in the association between these quintiles and isoflavone concentrations. This finding reinforces the existing evidence regarding the negative impact of ultra-processed food consumption on the overall quality of the diet and expands it to include non-nutrients such as lignans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eurídice Martínez Steele
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil.
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil.
| | - Carlos A Monteiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil.
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kops NL, Correia Horvath JD, de Castro MLD, Friedman R. Anthropometric and lipid profile of individuals with severe obesity carrying the fatty acid-binding protein-2 Thr54 allele. Nutrition 2017; 41:45-50. [PMID: 28760427 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric and lipid profiles of individuals being considered for bariatric surgery, taking into account the presence of the Thr54 allele of the fatty acid-binding protein-2 (FABP-2) gene (rs1799883), and dietary intake. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 120 participants being evaluated for bariatric surgery were asked to keep 24-h dietary records (R24 h) for 3 d, and to collect a 24-h urine sample for measurement of urea (as an assessment of the adequacy of food records) during day 3 of the diet record; a fasting blood sample for laboratory and genetic evaluations was collected. RESULTS When considering the whole sample, no significant differences were found; however, those who complied with the R24 h (n = 43) had more years of schooling and higher saturated fat intake, but lower weight and body mass index (BMI). When analyzing only the completers, the Thr54 allele carriers showed higher body weight (P = 0.02), BMI (P = 0.03), hip circumference (P = 0.02), basal metabolic rate (P = 0.02), and homeostatic model assessment-β (P = 0.04) compared with those who were homozygous for Ala54. CONCLUSION When the participants complied with the R24 h, Thr54 carriers were shown to have higher anthropometric parameters and higher homeostatic model assessment-β values than those with the wild genotype, but the lipid profile resulted similar in both carriers and noncarriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Luiza Kops
- Post-Graduate Program in Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline D Correia Horvath
- Post-Graduate Program in Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariana L Dias de Castro
- Post-Graduate Program in Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rogério Friedman
- Post-Graduate Program in Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
How Often and How Much? Differences in Dietary Intake by Frequency and Energy Contribution Vary among U.S. Adults in NHANES 2007-2012. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010086. [PMID: 28124990 PMCID: PMC5295130 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the top frequently reported foods or beverages and the top foods or beverages grouped by broad and specific What We Eat In America (WWEIA) categories for adult age groups of 19 to 35 years, 36 to 55 years, and ≥65 years (n = 16,399) using data drawn from the cross-sectional, WWEIA, National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012 and to compare intake of broad WWEIA categories ranked by frequency and by energy contribution among these adult age groups. Ranking, unadjusted and weighted frequencies, and the proportion of reported foods or energy out of all reported foods or energy were determined and stratified by age. The Rao–Scott modified chi-square was used to test for significant differences among age groups. Results support dietary quality differences by age; intake of broad WWEIA categories was significantly different among age groups by frequency for alcohol, water, and condiment/sauces. Energy contributions significantly differed among age groups for protein foods, snacks/sweets, and beverages. Frequently reported foods and beverages may be used to inform the creation of search tools used for automatic and user-verified identification of foods and beverages in mobile- or technology-based dietary assessment.
Collapse
|
36
|
Reported macronutrient intake and metabolic risk factors: immigrant women from Iran and Turkey compared with native Swedish women. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD & NUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17482970601069102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
37
|
Tyrovolas S, Koyanagi A, Stickley A, Haro JM. Weight Perception, Satisfaction, Control, and Low Energy Dietary Reporting in the US Adult Population: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016; 116:579-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
38
|
Martínez Steele E, Baraldi LG, Louzada MLDC, Moubarac JC, Mozaffarian D, Monteiro CA. Ultra-processed foods and added sugars in the US diet: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e009892. [PMID: 26962035 PMCID: PMC4785287 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the contribution of ultra-processed foods to the intake of added sugars in the USA. Ultra-processed foods were defined as industrial formulations which, besides salt, sugar, oils and fats, include substances not used in culinary preparations, in particular additives used to imitate sensorial qualities of minimally processed foods and their culinary preparations. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010. PARTICIPANTS We evaluated 9317 participants aged 1+ years with at least one 24 h dietary recall. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Average dietary content of added sugars and proportion of individuals consuming more than 10% of total energy from added sugars. DATA ANALYSIS Gaussian and Poisson regressions estimated the association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and intake of added sugars. All models incorporated survey sample weights and adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income and educational attainment. RESULTS Ultra-processed foods comprised 57.9% of energy intake, and contributed 89.7% of the energy intake from added sugars. The content of added sugars in ultra-processed foods (21.1% of calories) was eightfold higher than in processed foods (2.4%) and fivefold higher than in unprocessed or minimally processed foods and processed culinary ingredients grouped together (3.7%). Both in unadjusted and adjusted models, each increase of 5 percentage points in proportional energy intake from ultra-processed foods increased the proportional energy intake from added sugars by 1 percentage point. Consumption of added sugars increased linearly across quintiles of ultra-processed food consumption: from 7.5% of total energy in the lowest quintile to 19.5% in the highest. A total of 82.1% of Americans in the highest quintile exceeded the recommended limit of 10% energy from added sugars, compared with 26.4% in the lowest. CONCLUSIONS Decreasing the consumption of ultra-processed foods could be an effective way of reducing the excessive intake of added sugars in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eurídice Martínez Steele
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Galastri Baraldi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura da Costa Louzada
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Claude Moubarac
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlos Augusto Monteiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Baldwin EJ, Harrington DJ, Sampson B, Feher MD, Wierzbicki AS. Safety of long-term restrictive diets for peroxisomal disorders: vitamin and trace element status of patients treated for Adult Refsum Disease. Int J Clin Pract 2016; 70:229-35. [PMID: 26799636 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult Refsum's Disease (ARD) is caused by defects in the pathway for alpha-oxidation of phytanic acid (PA). Treatment involves restricting the dietary intake of phytanic acid by reducing the intake of dairy-derived fat. The adequacy of micronutrient intake in patients with ARD is unknown. METHODS Patients established on the Chelsea low-PA diet had general diet macronutrients, vitamins and trace elements assessed using 7-day-weighed intakes and serial 24-h recalls. Intakes were compared with biochemical assessments of nutritional status for haematinics (ferritin), trace elements (copper, zinc, iron, selenium), water- (vitamin B6 , B12 and folate) and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K). RESULTS Eleven subjects (four women, seven men) were studied. Body mass index was 27 ± 5 kg/m(2) (range 19-38). All subjects had high sodium intakes (range 1873-4828 mg). Fat-soluble vitamin insufficiencies occurred in some individuals (vitamin A, n = 2; vitamin D, n = 6; vitamin E, n = 3; vitamin K, n = 10) but were not coincident. Vitamin B6 levels were normal or elevated (n = 6). Folate and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate concentrations were normal. Metabolic vitamin B12 insufficiency was suspected in four subjects based on elevated methylmalonic acid concentrations. Low copper and selenium intakes were noted in some subjects (n = 7, n = 2) but plasma levels were adequate. Iron, ferritin and zinc intakes and concentrations were normal. CONCLUSION Subjects with ARD can be safely managed on the Chelsea low PA without routine micronutrient supplementation. Sodium intake should be monitored and reduced. Periodic nutritional screening may be necessary for fat-soluble vitamins, vitamin B12 , copper or selenium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Baldwin
- Adult Refsum Disease Clinic, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - D J Harrington
- Nutristasis Unit, Viapath, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
| | - B Sampson
- Trace Element Laboratory, Imperial College Healthcare, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - M D Feher
- Adult Refsum Disease Clinic, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - A S Wierzbicki
- Adult Refsum Disease Clinic, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Metabolic Medicine/Chemical Pathology, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fekete C, Weyers S. Soziale Ungleichheit im Ernährungsverhalten. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2015; 59:197-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-015-2279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
41
|
Eicher-Miller HA, Fulgoni VL, Keast DR. Processed Food Contributions to Energy and Nutrient Intake Differ among US Children by Race/Ethnicity. Nutrients 2015; 7:10076-88. [PMID: 26633491 PMCID: PMC4690055 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined and compared the mean daily intake of energy and nutrients from processed foods by level of processing (minimally processed; processed for preservation, nutrient enhancement, and freshness; mixtures of combined ingredients; ready-to-eat processed foods; and prepared foods/meals) among non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American US children. Data from participants 2–18 years old (n = 10,298) of the nationally representative cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2008 with a complete one day, 24-h dietary recall were used to determine mean intake of energy and nutrients recommended for increase and decrease, as per the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, among child race/ethnic groups by category of food processing. Regression analysis was used to estimate and compare covariate-adjusted (gender, age, and poverty-income-level) least square means (p < 0.05/3 race/ethnic groups). All children, regardless of race or ethnicity consumed processed foods. Approximately 66% to 84% of total daily energy, saturated fat, cholesterol, fiber, total sugar, added sugars, calcium, vitamin D, potassium, and sodium intake are contributed by one of the five categories of processed foods. Clinicians and policy should primarily advise consideration of the energy and nutrient composition of foods, rather than the processing level, when selecting a healthy diet for children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Eicher-Miller
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Victor L Fulgoni
- Nutrition Impact, LLC, 9725 D Drive North, Battle Creek, MI 49014, USA.
| | - Debra R Keast
- Food and Nutrition Database Research, Inc., 1801 Shadywood Lane, Okemos, MI 48864, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Subar AF, Freedman LS, Tooze JA, Kirkpatrick SI, Boushey C, Neuhouser ML, Thompson FE, Potischman N, Guenther PM, Tarasuk V, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM. Addressing Current Criticism Regarding the Value of Self-Report Dietary Data. J Nutr 2015; 145:2639-45. [PMID: 26468491 PMCID: PMC4656907 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.219634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have asserted that, because of energy underreporting, dietary self-report data suffer from measurement error so great that findings that rely on them are of no value. This commentary considers the amassed evidence that shows that self-report dietary intake data can successfully be used to inform dietary guidance and public health policy. Topics discussed include what is known and what can be done about the measurement error inherent in data collected by using self-report dietary assessment instruments and the extent and magnitude of underreporting energy compared with other nutrients and food groups. Also discussed is the overall impact of energy underreporting on dietary surveillance and nutritional epidemiology. In conclusion, 7 specific recommendations for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting self-report dietary data are provided: (1) continue to collect self-report dietary intake data because they contain valuable, rich, and critical information about foods and beverages consumed by populations that can be used to inform nutrition policy and assess diet-disease associations; (2) do not use self-reported energy intake as a measure of true energy intake; (3) do use self-reported energy intake for energy adjustment of other self-reported dietary constituents to improve risk estimation in studies of diet-health associations; (4) acknowledge the limitations of self-report dietary data and analyze and interpret them appropriately; (5) design studies and conduct analyses that allow adjustment for measurement error; (6) design new epidemiologic studies to collect dietary data from both short-term (recalls or food records) and long-term (food-frequency questionnaires) instruments on the entire study population to allow for maximizing the strengths of each instrument; and (7) continue to develop, evaluate, and further expand methods of dietary assessment, including dietary biomarkers and methods using new technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy F Subar
- Divisions of Cancer Control and Population Sciences and
| | - Laurence S Freedman
- Biostatistics Unit, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Sharon I Kirkpatrick
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Boushey
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Nancy Potischman
- Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Patricia M Guenther
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Valerie Tarasuk
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill Reedy
- Divisions of Cancer Control and Population Sciences and
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Emmett PM, Jones LR, Golding J. Pregnancy diet and associated outcomes in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Nutr Rev 2015; 73 Suppl 3:154-74. [PMID: 26395341 PMCID: PMC4586451 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
All publications covering diet during pregnancy that stemmed from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were reviewed. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Socioeconomic background, maternal mental health, and the health and development of the offspring were assessed using a variety of methods, such as direct measurement, self-completion questionnaires, and assays of biological samples. Differences in diet, including specific food and nutrient intakes and dietary patterns, were associated with maternal educational attainment, smoking habits, and financial difficulty. There were marginal intakes, compared with recommendations, of the key nutrients iron, magnesium, potassium, and folate. Maternal diet during pregnancy was predictive of offspring diet during childhood. There were independent associations between prenatal fish consumption and lower frequency of maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as lower frequency of intrauterine growth retardation. Consistent evidence that fish consumption during pregnancy benefited the neurocognitive development of the child was also found. Two constituents of fish, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and iodine, were associated with these benefits in children. The findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children strengthen the recommendation to eat fish regularly during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M Emmett
- P.M. Emmett and J. Golding are with the Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. L.R. Jones is with the School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Louise R Jones
- P.M. Emmett and J. Golding are with the Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. L.R. Jones is with the School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jean Golding
- P.M. Emmett and J. Golding are with the Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. L.R. Jones is with the School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Association between sucrose intake and risk of overweight and obesity in a prospective sub-cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk). Public Health Nutr 2015; 18:2815-24. [PMID: 25702697 PMCID: PMC4595857 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of the present study was to investigate associations between sugar intake
and overweight using dietary biomarkers in the Norfolk cohort of the European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk). Design Prospective cohort study. Setting EPIC-Norfolk in the UK, recruitment between 1993 and 1997. Subjects Men and women (n 1734) aged 39–77 years. Sucrose intake was assessed
using 7 d diet diaries. Baseline spot urine samples were analysed for sucrose by GC-MS.
Sucrose concentration adjusted by specific gravity was used as a biomarker for intake.
Regression analyses were used to investigate associations between sucrose intake and
risk of BMI>25·0 kg/m2 after three years of follow-up. Results After three years of follow-up, mean BMI was 26·8 kg/m2. Self-reported
sucrose intake was significantly positively associated with the biomarker. Associations
between the biomarker and BMI were positive (β=0·25; 95 % CI 0·08,
0·43), while they were inverse when using self-reported dietary data
(β=−1·40; 95 % CI −1·81, −0·99). The age- and sex-adjusted OR for
BMI>25·0 kg/m2 in participants in the fifth v. first
quintile was 1·54 (95 % CI 1·12, 2·12; Ptrend=0·003) when using biomarker and 0·56 (95 % CI 0·40, 0·77; Ptrend<0·001) with self-reported dietary data. Conclusions Our results suggest that sucrose measured by objective biomarker but not self-reported
sucrose intake is positively associated with BMI. Future studies should consider the use
of objective biomarkers of sucrose intake.
Collapse
|
45
|
Poor nutrition and substance use in a Swiss cohort of adults with spinal cord injury. J Public Health (Oxf) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-015-0653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
46
|
Energy and Nutrient Intakes from Processed Foods Differ by Sex, Income Status, and Race/Ethnicity of US Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015; 115:907-18.e6. [PMID: 25578928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommends nutrients to increase and to decrease for US adults. The contributions processed foods make to the US intake of nutrients to increase and decrease may vary by the level of processing and by population subgroup. OBJECTIVE The hypotheses that the intakes of nutrients to increase or decrease, as specified by the DGA, are contributed exclusively from certain processed food categories and consumed differentially by population subgroups by sex, poverty-income ratio (ratio of household income to poverty threshold), and race/ethnicity was tested along with the hypothesis that specific processed food categories are responsible for nutrient intake differences between the population subgroups. DESIGN The 24-hour dietary recall data from the cross-sectional 2003-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used to determine population subgroup energy and nutrient intake differences among processed food categories defined by the International Food Information Council Foundation Continuum of Processed Foods. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Fifteen thousand fifty-three US adults aged ≥19 years. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED The mean daily intake of energy and nutrients from processed food categories reported by population subgroups were compared using regression analysis to determine covariate-adjusted least square means. RESULTS Processed food categories that contributed to energy and nutrient intake differences within subgroups did not uniformly or exclusively contribute nutrients to increase or decrease per DGA recommendations. The between-group differences in mean daily intake of both nutrients to increase and decrease contributed by the various processed food categories were diverse and were not contributed exclusively from specific processed food categories. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations for a diet adhering to the DGA should continue to focus on the energy and nutrient content, frequency of consumption, and serving size of individual foods rather than the level of processing.
Collapse
|
47
|
Agarwal S, Reider C, Brooks JR, Fulgoni VL. Comparison of prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake based on body weight status of adults in the United States: an analysis of NHANES 2001-2008. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 34:126-34. [PMID: 25564766 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2014.901196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare micronutrient intake status of those overweight and those obese with normal weight adults. METHODS Using total nutrient intake (from foods and supplements) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2008, we determined usual intakes for micronutrients using the National Cancer Institute methodology in adults (n = 18,177). Only subjects with reliable dietary records were included and pregnant and lactating females were excluded. Subjects were categorized by body weight status as either normal weight (body mass index [BMI] < 25), overweight (BMI ≥ 25 to < 30), or obese (BMI ≥ 30). RESULTS A substantial proportion of the adult population (over 40%) had inadequate intakes of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, and magnesium. Compared to normal weight adults, obese adults had about 5% to 12% lower (p < 0.05) intakes of micronutrients and higher (p < 0.01) prevalence of nutrient inadequacy. CONCLUSION We conclude that obese adults compared to normal weight adults have lower micronutrient intake and higher prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Agarwal
- a NutriScience LLC, East Norriton , Battle Creek , Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lennon-Edwards S, Ramick MG, Matthews EL, Brian MS, Farquhar WB, Edwards DG. Salt loading has a more deleterious effect on flow-mediated dilation in salt-resistant men than women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:990-995. [PMID: 24989702 PMCID: PMC4195435 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dietary sodium loading has been shown to adversely impact endothelial function independently of blood pressure (BP). However, it is unknown whether dietary sodium loading impacts endothelial function differently in men as compared to women. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that endothelial-dependent dilation (EDD) would be lower in men as compared to women in response to a high sodium diet. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty subjects (14F, 31±2y; 16M, 29±2y) underwent a randomized, crossover, controlled diet study consisting of 7 days of low sodium (LS; 20 mmol/day) and 7 days of high sodium (HS; 300-350 mmol/day). Salt-resistance was determined by a change in 24-hr mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≤ 5 mm Hg between HS and LS as assessed on day 7 of each diet. Blood and 24-hr urine were also collected and EDD was assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). By design, MAP was not different between LS and HS conditions and urinary sodium excretion increased on HS diet (P < 0.01). FMD did not differ between men and women on the LS diet (10.2 ± 0.65 vs. 10.7 ± 0.83; P > 0.05) and declined in both men and women on HS (P < 0.001). However, FMD was lower in men as compared to women on HS (5.7 ± 0.5 vs. 8.6 ± 0.86; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS HS reduced FMD in both men and women. In response to an HS diet, FMD was lower in men compared to women suggesting a greater sensitivity of the vasculature to high sodium in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lennon-Edwards
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - M G Ramick
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - E L Matthews
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - M S Brian
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - W B Farquhar
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - D G Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Whitton C, Ma Y, Bastian AC, Fen Chan M, Chew L. Fast-food consumers in Singapore: demographic profile, diet quality and weight status. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:1805-13. [PMID: 23905623 PMCID: PMC10282443 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013001997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the demographic profile of fast-food consumers among adult Singapore residents and ascertain whether fast-food consumption frequency is associated with diet quality and weight status. DESIGN A nationally representative cross-sectional survey including an FFQ and anthropometric measures. Participants were grouped based on their fast-food consumption frequency as non-consumer, occasional consumer or regular consumer, with regular defined as at least once per week. SETTING Individuals living in the community in Singapore. SUBJECTS Singapore residents (n 1627) aged 18-69 years of Chinese, Malay and Indian ethnicity. RESULTS Proportions of regular fast-food consumers were higher in younger age groups, higher income groups and middle education level groups. Mean daily energy intake was positively associated with fast-food consumption frequency (non-consumers 9636 kJ (2303 kcal); occasional consumers 11 159 kJ (2667 kcal); regular consumers 13 100 kJ (3131 kcal); P for trend < 0·001). Fast-food consumers were more likely to exceed the RDA for energy, fat and saturated fat, and less likely to meet wholegrain and fruit recommendations. Both regular consumers (OR = 1·24; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·51) and occasional consumers (OR = 1·52; 95 % CI 1·32, 1·77) were more likely to have a waist:hip ratio indicating abdominal obesity. Occasional consumers were more likely to have a BMI ≥ 23·0 kg/m2 (OR = 1·19; 95 % CI 1·04, 1·37), whereas regular consumers were less likely (OR = 0·76; 95 % CI 0·64, 0·91) to have an 'at-risk' BMI. CONCLUSIONS Fast-food consumption is most prevalent in young adults, high income and middle education level groups. Frequent fast-food consumption in Singapore is associated with unfavourable dietary and nutrient profiles and abdominal obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Whitton
- Research and Evaluation Department, Research and Strategic Planning Division, Health Promotion Board, 3 Second Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168937
| | - Yi Ma
- Research and Evaluation Department, Research and Strategic Planning Division, Health Promotion Board, 3 Second Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168937
| | - Amber Carla Bastian
- Centre of Excellence (Nutrition), Adult Health Division, Health Promotion Board, Singapore
| | - Mei Fen Chan
- Research and Evaluation Department, Research and Strategic Planning Division, Health Promotion Board, 3 Second Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168937
| | - Ling Chew
- Research and Strategic Planning Division, Health Promotion Board, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
dos Santos Q, Sichieri R, Marchioni DML, Verly Junior E. Brazilian pregnant and lactating women do not change their food intake to meet nutritional goals. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014; 14:186. [PMID: 24890188 PMCID: PMC4049461 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional requirements are increased during pregnancy and lactation. The aim of this study was to compare the food intake and prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake among pregnant, lactating and reproductive-age women. METHODS Two-day dietary records of 322 pregnant and 751 lactating women were compared to those of 6837 non-pregnant and non-lactating women aged 19 to 40 years from a nationwide representative sample. The usual nutrient intake was estimated using the National Cancer Institute method, and compared to nutritional goals to estimate prevalence of inadequate intake. RESULTS Pregnant, lactating and reproductive-age women did not differ in their average consumption of 18 food groups, except for rice, with greatest intake among lactating women. The prevalence of nutrient inadequacy in pregnant women was higher than in reproductive-age women for folate (78% versus 40%) and vitamin B6 (59% versus 33%). In lactating women, prevalence was higher than in reproductive-age women for vitamin A (95% versus 72%), vitamin C (56% versus 37%), vitamin B6 (75% vs. 33%), folate (72% versus 40%) and zinc (64% versus 20%). The percentage of sodium intake above the upper limit was greater than 70% in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS Inadequate intake is frequent in women and increases during pregnancy and lactation, because women do not change their food intake. Guidelines should stimulate healthy food intake for women across the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quenia dos Santos
- Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Dirce ML Marchioni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Verly Junior
- Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|